95:
78:
64:
292:
267:
1081:
471:
through which the state would operate, and also included the design of the
Confederation's flag. Reactions to the pact were mixed event among its signatories, and disagreements led to the establishment of one constituent congress per member state. The act was later promulgated in 1837.
446:
on August 15—as the
Supreme Protector of the state. Orbegoso also presented his resignation, but it was not approved by the assembly, who named him provisional president. The assembly also established the new territorial divisions of the country. Unlike its
480:
The
Confederation generated resistance among several groups in both countries, which resented the dilution of national identities, and also among neighbouring countries. An important number of Peruvian politicians who opposed the Confederation, such as
1063:
454:
Provided, then, with all the legal elements granted by the assemblies of the three states, Santa Cruz decreed the establishment of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation, by decree given in Lima on October 28, 1836. A congress known today as the
401:
to send his troops through the
Peruvian border. After the latter's triumph in 1836, assemblies were soon established to make way for the creation of the Confederation, an idea that had been floating around since the
1070:
1266:
593:
on
January 20, 1839, and thus, the Confederation was dissolved, with Gamarra announcing its dissolution on August 25. The Confederate defeat led to the exile of Santa Cruz, first to
94:
1056:
500:
approved the declaration of war on
December 26, 1836, claiming that Santa Cruz's rule over Peru was illegitimate, and that his influence threatened the integrity of other
1170:
1200:
1195:
1155:
1165:
1160:
1132:
1110:
1105:
1286:
1127:
1205:
570:
in South Peru): Santa Cruz, who was the
Supreme Protector; Gamara, the restorationist president; Orbegoso, leader of the secessionist North Peruvian state;
1217:
1176:
865:
1281:
1137:
1116:
1084:
1122:
230:
1296:
442:
was officially established through the promulgation of its constitution by the then
President Orbegoso, naming Santa Cruz—who triumphantly entered
1233:
1092:
340:
606:
1291:
1261:
77:
1271:
684:
1048:
1027:
632:(21 August 1837 – 30 July 1838). He declared secession of the Republic of North Peru from the Peru-Bolivian Confederation on
403:
562:
During this time, the
Confederation's stability collapsed, as by September, Peru (i.e. North and South Peru) was under the
1211:
993:
566:
control of seven different presidents at one time, of which six claimed control over North Peru (with the exception of
543:, leaving the country shortly after. The treaty was declared null and void by Chile, and a second expedition headed by
629:
1276:
548:
217:
1100:
313:
272:
204:
100:
873:
819:
63:
31:
556:
525:
431:
121:
659:
646:
571:
336:
166:
328:
17:
1301:
419:
390:
664:
536:
490:
386:
380:
355:
332:
394:
154:
579:
552:
513:
362:
declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a
347:
614:
398:
1187:
1078:
1037:
435:
586:
427:
532:. The accusations ended up being true, as Santa Cruz had financially supported the émigrés.
540:
517:
358:, and after a chaotic civil conflict between north and south Peruvians. In August of 1839,
83:
8:
1238:
567:
524:
on the Confederation on May 19, 1837, after the escalation of a territorial conflict in
1019:
811:
589:, but left for the north, where the restaurateurs were located. He was defeated in the
539:
from October to November, with the occupants being surrounded and forced to sign the a
363:
285:
482:
359:
1023:
815:
551:
from the Confederation on July 30, but was nevertheless attacked and defeated by the
497:
456:
346:
The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with
324:
1080:
486:
692:
590:
987:
529:
423:
505:
509:
1255:
1011:
575:
544:
504:
nations, as seen by Orbegoso's support for an attempted invasion of Chile by
501:
464:
335:. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned
128:
547:
was organized, which left for Peru on July 19, 1838. Around the same time,
468:
69:
613:
and a congress, both with limited powers and under the control of Marshal
521:
448:
439:
320:
418:
was held from August 3 to 24, 1836, and featured representatives from
992:(in Spanish). Vol. 9: ConfederaciĂłn PerĂş-Boliviana (1835-1839).
594:
597:, in Ecuador, then to Chile, and finally to Europe, where he died.
124:
27:
Constituent republic of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
467:
was signed without debate during the congress. It established the
451:, North Peru maintained the national symbols of its predecessor.
385:
After political instability in Peru and a coup d'Ă©tat in 1835, a
312:
was one of the three constituent republics of the short-lived
460:
351:
985:
489:, fled to Chile where they received support, leading to the
685:"Ley Fundamental de la ConfederaciĂłn PerĂş-Boliviana (1837)"
508:, specifically pointing out that it targeted then minister
443:
111:
787:
739:
945:
943:
835:
833:
831:
700:
574:, who replaced Orbegoso, being appointed by Santa Cruz;
1267:
Autonomous republics of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
717:
715:
463:
to establish the foundations of the confederation. The
967:
955:
928:
916:
904:
892:
880:
845:
940:
828:
775:
751:
727:
528:, accusing Santa Cruz of harboring supporters of the
763:
712:
585:
Santa Cruz occupied Lima on November 10, ending the
319:North Peru was one of two states—the other being
1253:
866:"La anexiĂłn e incorporaciĂłn de Tarija a Bolivia"
389:broke out between newly self-declared president
1085:Subdivisions of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
805:
475:
135:
1287:States and territories disestablished in 1839
1064:
986:Ortiz de Zevallos Paz-Soldán, Carlos (1972).
636:but continued as Provisional President until
44:
994:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del PerĂş
863:
1282:States and territories established in 1836
1071:
1057:
93:
30:Not to be confused with the secessionist
808:Enciclopedia ilustrada del PerĂş: CAN-CHO
1297:1839 disestablishments in South America
1010:
979:
973:
961:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
851:
793:
781:
757:
745:
733:
706:
14:
1254:
1036:
949:
839:
769:
721:
1052:
864:Avila EchazĂş, Edgar (14 April 2011).
799:
323:—that arose from the division of the
1292:1836 establishments in South America
1042:Nuevo Compendio de Historia del PerĂş
414:A constituent assembly known as the
677:
34:, sometimes also called North Peru.
24:
1016:Historia de la RepĂşblica del PerĂş
649:(11 August 1838 – 24 January 1839)
25:
1313:
1262:Former countries in South America
812:Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A.
397:, who allowed Bolivian president
1079:
806:Tauro del Pino, Alberto (2001).
609:, the state was controlled by a
409:
290:
265:
76:
62:
1004:
857:
13:
1:
670:
600:
393:and constitutional president
374:
191:
46:RepĂşblica del Norte del PerĂş
7:
1272:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
989:Archivo diplomático peruano
660:Peru-Bolivian Confederation
653:
607:confederation's dissolution
476:Development and dissolution
337:Peru-Bolivian Confederation
314:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
101:Peru–Bolivian Confederation
10:
1318:
557:Battle of Portada de GuĂas
378:
369:
29:
1226:
1186:
1146:
1091:
391:Felipe Santiago Salaverry
327:due to the civil wars of
244:
240:
227:
214:
201:
188:
184:
176:
172:
160:
148:
144:
134:
117:
107:
92:
58:
53:
39:
1277:War of the Confederation
665:War of the Confederation
491:War of the Confederation
381:Salaverry-Santa Cruz War
364:unified Republic of Peru
356:War of the Confederation
1012:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge
580:Juan Francisco de Vidal
496:After a trade war, the
459:was ordered to meet in
647:José de la Riva Agüero
572:José de la Riva Agüero
449:new southern neighbour
310:Republic of North Peru
167:José de la Riva Agüero
99:North Peru within the
45:
41:Republic of North Peru
611:provisional president
395:Luis José de Orbegoso
155:Luis José de Orbegoso
1038:Tamayo Herrera, José
810:(in Spanish). Lima:
615:Andrés de Santa Cruz
605:From 1837 until the
578:, in the north; and
518:Juan Manuel de Rosas
516:followed suit after
399:Andrés de Santa Cruz
872:(1). Archived from
617:who was styled the
404:era of independence
1044:. Editorial Lumen.
814:pp. 544–545.
796:, p. 124–125.
748:, p. 119–121.
549:North Peru seceded
1247:
1246:
1029:978-612-306-353-5
709:, p. 93–115.
619:supreme protector
553:second expedition
498:Congress of Chile
457:Congress of Tacna
325:Peruvian Republic
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
278:
277:
162:• 1838–1839
150:• 1837–1838
32:Peruvian Republic
16:(Redirected from
1309:
1302:Former republics
1083:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1033:
998:
997:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
877:
876:on 16 June 2020.
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
826:
825:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
710:
704:
698:
697:
693:Congress of Peru
689:
681:
643:Second president
639:
638:1 September 1838
635:
591:Battle of Yungay
438:. On August 11,
294:
293:
282:
281:
269:
268:
262:
261:
246:
245:
97:
80:
66:
48:
37:
36:
21:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1222:
1182:
1142:
1087:
1077:
1030:
1018:. Vol. 2.
1007:
1002:
1001:
984:
980:
972:
968:
960:
956:
948:
941:
933:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
829:
822:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
744:
740:
732:
728:
720:
713:
705:
701:
687:
683:
682:
678:
673:
656:
637:
633:
626:First president
603:
587:siege in Callao
535:South Peru was
530:Unitarian Party
483:AgustĂn Gamarra
478:
469:legal framework
416:Huaura Assembly
412:
383:
377:
372:
360:AgustĂn Gamarra
291:
266:
233:
220:
210:28 October 1836
207:
194:
163:
151:
103:
88:
87:
86:
81:
73:
72:
67:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1315:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1028:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
978:
976:, p. 145.
966:
964:, p. 142.
954:
952:, p. 256.
939:
937:, p. 139.
927:
925:, p. 138.
915:
913:, p. 137.
903:
901:, p. 136.
891:
889:, p. 133.
879:
856:
854:, p. 131.
844:
842:, p. 255.
827:
820:
798:
786:
784:, p. 122.
774:
772:, p. 254.
762:
760:, p. 121.
750:
738:
736:, p. 119.
726:
724:, p. 253.
711:
699:
675:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
662:
655:
652:
651:
650:
640:
602:
599:
568:PĂo de Tristán
559:of August 21.
510:Diego Portales
502:South American
487:RamĂłn Castilla
477:
474:
411:
408:
379:Main article:
376:
373:
371:
368:
316:of 1836–1839.
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
288:
279:
276:
275:
270:
258:
257:
252:
242:
241:
238:
237:
236:25 August 1839
234:
231:Disestablished
228:
225:
224:
221:
215:
212:
211:
208:
202:
199:
198:
197:11 August 1836
195:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
161:
158:
157:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
98:
90:
89:
82:
75:
74:
68:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:Special areas
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
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1159:
1157:
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1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
995:
991:
990:
982:
975:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
944:
936:
931:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
875:
871:
867:
860:
853:
848:
841:
836:
834:
832:
823:
817:
813:
809:
802:
795:
790:
783:
778:
771:
766:
759:
754:
747:
742:
735:
730:
723:
718:
716:
708:
703:
696:. 1 May 1837.
695:
694:
686:
680:
676:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
648:
644:
641:
631:
630:Luis Orbegoso
627:
624:
623:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
576:Domingo Nieto
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Manuel Bulnes
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
473:
470:
466:
465:Pact of Tacna
462:
458:
452:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:Establishment
407:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
382:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:
274:
271:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
226:
222:
219:
213:
209:
206:
205:Confederation
200:
196:
193:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
165:
159:
156:
153:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
130:
129:confederation
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
96:
91:
85:
79:
71:
65:
57:
52:
47:
38:
33:
19:
1249:
1210:
1175:
1147:
1115:
1041:
1015:
1005:Bibliography
988:
981:
974:Basadre 2014
969:
962:Basadre 2014
957:
935:Basadre 2014
930:
923:Basadre 2014
918:
911:Basadre 2014
906:
899:Basadre 2014
894:
887:Basadre 2014
882:
874:the original
869:
859:
852:Basadre 2014
847:
807:
801:
794:Basadre 2014
789:
782:Basadre 2014
777:
765:
758:Basadre 2014
753:
746:Basadre 2014
741:
734:Basadre 2014
729:
707:Basadre 2014
702:
691:
679:
642:
634:30 July 1838
625:
618:
610:
604:
584:
582:in Huaylas.
563:
561:
534:
522:declared war
506:RamĂłn Freire
495:
479:
453:
415:
413:
384:
345:
339:, alongside
333:1835 to 1836
318:
309:
307:
255:Succeeded by
254:
249:
223:30 July 1838
122:Presidential
84:Coat of arms
1239:Carhuaucran
1171:La Libertad
1020:El Comercio
950:Tamayo 1985
840:Tamayo 1985
770:Tamayo 1985
722:Tamayo 1985
420:La Libertad
250:Preceded by
192:Established
1256:Categories
1188:South Peru
1148:North Peru
1133:Santa Cruz
1111:Chuquisaca
1106:Cochabamba
821:9972401499
671:References
645:: General
628:: General
601:Government
526:its border
440:North Peru
375:Background
321:South Peru
118:Government
18:North Peru
870:Tarija200
595:Guayaquil
514:Argentina
387:civil war
348:Argentina
218:Secession
136:President
127:within a
54:1836–1839
1201:Ayacucho
1196:Arequipa
1156:Amazonas
1040:(1985).
1014:(2014).
654:See also
125:republic
1212:Litoral
1161:Huaylas
1101:Atacama
1093:Bolivia
564:de jure
555:in the
537:invaded
428:Huaylas
370:History
354:in the
341:Bolivia
229:•
216:•
203:•
190:•
177:History
108:Capital
1138:Tarija
1128:PotosĂ
1117:La Paz
1026:
818:
541:treaty
432:Maynas
180:
140:
1234:Arica
1206:Cuzco
1166:JunĂn
1123:Oruro
688:(PDF)
520:then
461:Tacna
436:JunĂn
352:Chile
1218:Puno
1177:Lima
1024:ISBN
816:ISBN
485:and
444:Lima
434:and
424:Lima
350:and
331:and
329:1834
308:The
286:Peru
273:Peru
112:Lima
70:Flag
1258::
1022:.
942:^
868:.
830:^
714:^
690:.
621:.
512:.
493:.
430:,
426:,
422:,
406:.
366:.
343:.
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
1032:.
996:.
824:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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