266:
20:
5164:
4799:
5153:
915:
be viewed as a dynamic process, allowing new roots to explore a new volume of soil each day, increasing dramatically the total volume of soil explored over a given growth period, and thus the volume of water taken up by the root system over this period. Root architecture, i.e. the spatial configuration of the root system, plays a prominent role in the adaptation of plants to soil water and nutrient availability, and thus in plant productivity.
5180:
3975:
90:. Runoff is the water that flows on the surface to the edge of the field; drainage is the water that flows through the soil downward or toward the edge of the field underground; evaporative water loss from a field is that part of the water that evaporates into the atmosphere directly from the field's surface; transpiration is the loss of water from the field by its evaporation from the plant itself.
23:
22:
27:
26:
21:
28:
614:), water is pushed through soil from the point of its application under the force of gravity and the pressure gradient created by differences in the pressure of water; this is called saturated flow. At higher suction, water movement is pulled by capillarity from wetter toward drier soil. This is caused by water's
914:
of 10,620 km total length and 400 square meters total area; for a total surface area of 638 square meters. The total surface area of the loam soil was estimated to be 52,000 square meters. In other words, the roots were in contact with only 1.2% of the soil volume. However, root extension should
25:
477:
When the soil moisture content is optimal for plant growth, the water in the large and intermediate size pores can move about in the soil and be easily used by plants. The amount of water remaining in a soil drained to field capacity and the amount that is available are functions of the soil type.
441:
surfaces and less strongly to itself by cohesive forces. A plant's root may penetrate a very small volume of water that is adhering to soil and be initially able to draw in water that is only lightly held by the cohesive forces. But as the droplet is drawn down, the forces of adhesion of the water
321:
is the minimum amount of water plants need to not wilt and approximates the boundary between available and unavailable water. By convention it is defined as 15 bar suction. At this point, seeds will not germinate, plants begin to wilt and then die unless they are able to recover after water
991:, which is the ratio of the total water transpired by a plant to the dry weight of the harvested plant. Transpiration ratios for crops range from 300 to 700. For example, alfalfa may have a transpiration ratio of 500; as a result, 500 kilograms of water will produce one kilogram of dry alfalfa.
890:
gradient that pushes soil water into the roots. Osmotic absorption becomes more important during times of low water transpiration caused by lower temperatures (for example at night) or high humidity, and the reverse occurs under high temperature or low humidity. It is these processes that cause
193:. The rate at which a soil can absorb water depends on the soil and its other conditions. As a plant grows, its roots remove water from the largest pores (macropores) first. Soon the larger pores hold only air, and the remaining water is found only in the intermediate- and smallest-sized pores (
217:
differences between the plant interior and the soil solution. Plant roots must seek out water and grow preferentially in moister soil microsites, but some parts of the root system are also able to remoisten dry parts of the soil. Insufficient water will damage the yield of a crop. Most of the
918:
Roots must seek out water as the unsaturated flow of water in soil can move only at a rate of up to 2.5 cm per day; as a result they are constantly dying and growing as they seek out high concentrations of soil moisture. Insufficient soil moisture, to the point of causing
810:, describes the velocity of flowing water through an unsaturated soil in the vertical direction. The numerical solution of the Richardson/Richards equation allows calculation of unsaturated water flow and solute transport using software such as
982:
will reduce evaporative losses for a period after a field is irrigated, but in the end, the total evaporative loss (plant plus soil) will approach that of uncovered soil, while more water is immediately available for plant growth.
659:
Water infiltration rates range from 0.25 cm per hour for high clay soils to 2.5 cm per hour for sand and well stabilized and aggregated soil structures. Water flows through the ground unevenly, in the form of so-called
402:, which is defined as the minus of water potential. Suction has a positive value and can be regarded as the total force required to pull or push water out of soil. Water potential or suction is expressed in units of kPa (10
1739:
Brocca, Luca; Hasenauer, Stefan; Lacava, Teodosio; Moramarco, Tommaso; Wagner, Wolfgang; Dorigo, Wouter; Matgen, Patrick; Martínez-Fernández, José; Llorens, Pilar; Latron, Jérôme; Martin, Claude; Bittelli, Marco (2011).
474:. The next level, called air-dry, occurs at 100,000 kPa suction (pF = 6). Finally the oven dry condition is reached at 1,000,000 kPa suction (pF = 7). All water below wilting point is called unavailable water.
478:
Sandy soil will retain very little water, while clay will hold the maximum amount. The available water for the silt loam might be 20% whereas for the sand it might be only 6% by volume, as shown in this table.
24:
373:
of the soil particles. As a result, high clay and high organic soils have higher field capacities. The potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions is called
197:). The water in the smallest pores is so strongly held to particle surfaces that plant roots cannot pull it away. Consequently, not all soil water is available to plants, with a strong dependence on
158:, solids constitute half the volume, gas one-quarter of the volume, and water one-quarter of the volume of which only half will be available to most plants, with a strong variation according to
1102:
906:
plant grown for four months in one cubic foot (0.0283 cubic meters) of loam soil showed that the plant developed 13,800,000 roots, a total of 620 km in length with 237 square meters in
369:, at which point the smallest pores are filled with water and the largest with water and gases. The total amount of water held when field capacity is reached is a function of the
846:
Of equal importance to the storage and movement of water in soil is the means by which plants acquire it and their nutrients. Most soil water is taken up by plants as passive
2688:
1676:
Oyewole, Olusegun
Ayodeji; Inselsbacher, Erich; Näsholm, Torgny (2014). "Direct estimation of mass flow and diffusion of nitrogen compounds in solution and soil".
1911:
1464:
1057:
Albergel, Clement; de Rosnay, Patricia; Gruhier, Claire; Muñoz-Sabater, Joaquin; Hasenauer, Stefan; Isaksen, Lars; Kerr, Yann; Wagner, Wolfgang (March 2012).
931:
was exposed to soil suction as low as 1300 kPa during the seed head emergence through bloom and seed set stages of growth, its production was reduced by 34%.
2921:
Ogden, Fred L.; Lai, Wencong; Steinke, Robert C.; Zhu, Julian; Talbot, Cary A.; Wilson, John L. (2015). "A new general 1-D vadose zone solution method".
671:
Tree roots, whether living or dead, create preferential channels for rainwater flow through soil, magnifying infiltration rates of water up to 27 times.
2365:
Ghestem, Murielle; Sidle, Roy C.; Stokes, Alexia (2011). "The influence of plant root systems on subsurface flow: implications for slope stability".
947:
from the soil surface is also substantial, the transpiration:evaporation ratio (T/ET) varying according to vegetation type and climate, peaking in
4961:
398:
potential when dealing with downward water movement. Water potential in soil usually has negative values, and therefore it is also expressed in
4997:
2039:
631:
The amount of organic matter. Coarse matter is best and if on the surface helps prevent the destruction of soil structure and the creation of
257:. Each method exhibits pros and cons, and hence, the integration of different techniques may decrease the drawbacks of a single given method.
3873:
2968:"The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media"
2520:"Water percolation through the deep vadose zone and groundwater recharge: preliminary results based on a new vadose zone monitoring system"
1861:
807:
2221:"Soil water movement: saturated and unsaturated flow and vapour movement, soil moisture constants and their importance in irrigation"
250:
818:
and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function) and initial and boundary conditions. Preferential flow occurs along interconnected
4971:
5077:
4233:
3040:
1217:
5049:
4510:
209:
pull to drier parts of the soil. Most plant water needs are supplied from the suction caused by evaporation from plant leaves (
939:
Only a small fraction (0.1% to 1%) of the water used by a plant is held within the plant. The majority is ultimately lost via
3776:
4987:
1983:"Estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle size distribution, organic matter percent, and bulk density"
1008:
Zhang, Lijie; Zeng, Yijian; Zhuang, Ruodan; Szabó, Brigitta; Manfreda, Salvatore; Han, Qianqian; Su, Zhongbo (2021-12-02).
201:. When saturated, the soil may lose nutrients as the water drains. Water moves in a draining field under the influence of
5014:
4216:
3633:
3273:
838:
options, but these have generally been "bolted on" to the
Richards solution without any rigorous physical underpinning.
4494:
4026:
2228:
242:
4499:
3866:
2837:
Ogden, Fred L.; Allen, Myron B.; Lai, Wencong; Zhu, Julian; Douglas, Craig C.; Seo, Mookwon; Talbot, Cary A. (2017).
830:. Many models based on soil physics now allow for some representation of preferential flow as a dual continuum, dual
2338:
269:
ECMWF soil moisture forecast for the East Asia region, showing the key moisture levels and intermediate measurements
5042:
4982:
4966:
2608:
2400:
1857:"Ranking of grass species according to visible wilting order and rate of recovery in the Central Orange Free State"
1632:"Effect of soil water deficit on evapotranspiration, crop yield, and water use efficiency in the North China Plain"
1390:
1742:"Soil moisture estimation through ASCAT and AMSR-E sensors: an intercomparison and validation study across Europe"
1433:
1059:"Evaluation of remotely sensed and modelled soil moisture products using global ground-based in situ observations"
233:
specified soil water as one of the 50 Essential
Climate Variables (ECVs). Soil water can be measured in situ with
5020:
1717:
803:
230:
4504:
3093:
5025:
5009:
4515:
3898:
3157:
2570:
802:
soils. Interestingly, this equation attributed to
Richards was originally published by Richardson in 1922. The
4036:
1746:
835:
756:
In the United States percolation water due to rainfall ranges from almost zero centimeters just east of the
462:
closure may decrease transpiration and thus may retard wilting below the wilting point, in particular under
3859:
2276:"Nonlocal interface dynamics and pattern formation in gravity-driven unsaturated flow through porous media"
1542:
798:
allows calculation of the time rate of change of moisture content in soils due to the movement of water in
3233:"The response of Pinus sylvestris to drought: stomatal control of transpiration and hydraulic conductance"
2701:
450:. At that suction the plant cannot sustain its water needs as water is still being lost from the plant by
4977:
4535:
3672:
3197:
1346:
628:
Soil structure. Fine-textured soils with granular structure are most favourable to infiltration of water.
5156:
4992:
4520:
3959:
3525:
3467:
3397:
2815:
2766:
1583:
1152:
2562:
2115:"Stomatal resistance, transpiration, and relative water content as influenced by soil moisture stress"
1537:
265:
3964:
3681:
2563:"Contamination of soil and groundwater due to stormwater infiltration practices: a literature review"
2122:
1442:
1264:
736:
482:
Wilting point, field capacity, and available water of various soil textures (unit: % by volume)
52:
3062:
2580:
1290:"Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility. I. Theory and methodology"
5114:
4908:
4530:
3101:
2923:
2884:
2524:
2174:
2009:
1987:
863:
1538:"Fine root growth dynamics of four Mojave Desert shrubs as related to soil moisture and microsite"
5183:
4525:
4488:
4209:
3893:
3281:
3036:"Quantifying soil structure and preferential flow in intact soil Using X-ray computed tomography"
2880:"A method for computing infiltration and redistribution in a discretized moisture content domain"
2396:"Can urban tree roots improve infiltration through compacted subsoils for stormwater management?"
2280:
2114:
1058:
859:
2043:
1630:
Zhang, Yongqiang; Kendy, Eloise; Qiang, Yu; Liu, Changming; Shen, Yanjun; Sun, Hongyong (2004).
4802:
4176:
3057:
2575:
2004:
1259:
1213:"Field-measured limits of soil water availability as related to laboratory-measured properties"
847:
446:, finally up to 1500 kPa (pF = 4.2). At 1500 kPa suction, the soil water amount is called
332:
151:
142:
In addition, water alters the soil profile by dissolving and re-depositing mineral and organic
2604:"Survival and movement of fecal indicator bacteria in soil under conditions of saturated flow"
5173:
4857:
2092:
964:
815:
761:
429:
The forces with which water is held in soils determine its availability to plants. Forces of
370:
336:
1238:
4938:
4832:
4656:
3715:
3638:
3110:
3049:
3001:
2932:
2893:
2850:
2775:
2617:
2533:
2409:
2394:
Bartens, Julia; Day, Susan D.; Harris, J. Roger; Dove, Joseph E.; Wynn, Theresa M. (2008).
2289:
2080:
1996:
1945:
1755:
1643:
1551:
1399:
1301:
1226:
1070:
1021:
984:
948:
871:
686:
354:
286:
234:
2629:
1536:
Wilcox, Carolyn S.; Ferguson, Joseph W.; Fernandez, George C.J.; Nowak, Robert S. (2004).
1411:
8:
4225:
4166:
4127:
2809:
988:
411:
226:
186:
3719:
3642:
3114:
3053:
3005:
2936:
2897:
2854:
2779:
2621:
2537:
2413:
2293:
2084:
2000:
1949:
1759:
1647:
1555:
1403:
1305:
1230:
1074:
1025:
1010:"In Situ Observation-Constrained Global Surface Soil Moisture Using Random Forest Model"
5129:
4776:
4409:
4202:
4122:
4065:
4021:
3393:"Evaluation of water stress control with polyethylene glycols by analysis of guttation"
3354:
3306:
3210:
3126:
2948:
2739:
2633:
2343:
2313:
2135:
1511:
1386:"Phosphorus loss in agricultural drainage: historical perspective and current research"
1317:
1124:
960:
696:
254:
3805:
3727:
3547:
3489:
3419:
3294:
3274:"Root water uptake and transport: using physiological processes in global predictions"
1713:
1655:
1607:
1578:
1563:
1176:
1147:
357:
that water's hydrogen feels for water oxygen atoms. When a field is flooded, the soil
4822:
4691:
4082:
3929:
3811:
3772:
3766:
3597:
3578:
3552:
3494:
3424:
3298:
3254:
3153:"The relationship between transpiration, root water uptake, and leaf water potential"
3152:
3013:
2989:
2967:
2952:
2683:
2425:
2305:
2066:
1982:
1957:
1933:
1856:
1695:
1612:
1385:
1321:
1212:
1181:
1039:
811:
795:
678:
471:
246:
190:
106:
60:
3650:
3130:
2395:
2317:
5003:
4696:
4159:
3723:
3646:
3592:
3542:
3534:
3484:
3476:
3414:
3406:
3358:
3346:
3310:
3290:
3244:
3206:
3193:"Regulation of plant water potential by membranes of the endodermis in young roots"
3166:
3118:
3067:
3009:
2966:Šimůnek, Jiri; Saito, Hirotaka; Sakai, Masaru; Van Genuchten, Martinus Th. (2013).
2940:
2901:
2858:
2783:
2735:
2697:
2625:
2541:
2498:
2463:
2417:
2376:
2301:
2297:
2183:
2131:
2088:
2071:
2014:
1953:
1934:"Relations between specific surface area and soil physical and chemical properties"
1932:
Petersen, Lis
Wollesen; Møldrup, Per; Jacobsen, Ole H.; Rolston, Dennis E. (1996).
1870:
1763:
1687:
1651:
1602:
1592:
1559:
1515:
1503:
1407:
1359:
1309:
1234:
1171:
1161:
1119:
1111:
1078:
1029:
887:
419:
383:
214:
206:
159:
3579:"Assessing root death and root system dynamics in a study of grape canopy pruning"
2637:
2065:
Savage, Michael J.; Ritchie, Joe T.; Bland, William L.; Dugas, William A. (1996).
1874:
5124:
5104:
5099:
4928:
4862:
4847:
4827:
4761:
4746:
4606:
4102:
4031:
3999:
3837:
3824:
3583:
1678:
757:
665:
467:
455:
375:
304:
135:
3249:
3232:
297:
to draw water from a soil. By convention it is defined at 0.33 bar suction.
5209:
5133:
5056:
4736:
4681:
4144:
4117:
4097:
4009:
3954:
3949:
3337:
1855:
Snyman, Henny A.; Venter, W.D.; Van
Rensburg, W.L.J.; Opperman, D.P.J. (1987).
1494:
971:
765:
611:
366:
342:
290:
121:
98:
94:
75:
68:
33:
3350:
1767:
1507:
1082:
426:
O is called pF. Therefore, pF 3 = 1000 cm = 98 kPa = 0.98 bar.
5204:
5198:
5167:
5070:
5063:
4903:
4872:
4781:
4666:
4048:
4004:
3815:
2684:"Influence of stress state on soil-water characteristics and slope stability"
2380:
2220:
1354:
1043:
940:
886:. In addition, the high concentration of salts within plant roots creates an
875:
851:
700:
651:
Soil temperature. Warm soils take in water faster while frozen soils such as
451:
447:
403:
318:
222:
210:
87:
64:
44:
3704:"Effect of mulch, irrigation, and soil type on water use and yield of maize"
2503:
2484:
2018:
1907:
1463:
McElrone, Andrew J.; Choat, Brendan; Gambetta, Greg A.; Brodersen, Craig R.
4923:
4918:
4893:
4766:
4711:
4139:
4112:
4087:
4043:
4016:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3924:
3882:
3628:
3556:
3520:
3498:
3462:
3428:
3392:
3332:
3302:
3258:
3170:
3071:
3035:
2761:
2603:
2429:
2309:
2275:
2169:
1699:
1616:
1489:
1185:
1115:
1097:
907:
716:
218:
available water is used in transpiration to pull nutrients into the plant.
198:
3786:
3703:
3192:
2723:
715:, carrying with it clay, humus, nutrients, primarily cations, and various
277:
A flooded field will drain the gravitational water under the influence of
5119:
4933:
4867:
4837:
4771:
4751:
4671:
4651:
4631:
4621:
4616:
4149:
4072:
4053:
3231:
Irvine, James; Perks, Michael P.; Magnani, Federico; Grace, John (1998).
2944:
2906:
2879:
2863:
2838:
2546:
2519:
2421:
1313:
944:
799:
712:
704:
603:
391:
379:
289:
forces resist further drainage at which point it is said to have reached
174:
83:
3480:
3410:
2187:
1597:
858:
flow) that leads from the plant's roots to its leaves, according to the
749:
Nitrogen; usually little, unless nitrate fertiliser was applied recently
707:. Once soil is completely wetted, any more water will move downward, or
5109:
4852:
4756:
4706:
4661:
4646:
4611:
4581:
4447:
4354:
4319:
4294:
4134:
4107:
4092:
3994:
3919:
3741:
3610:
3608:
3538:
3463:"An estimation of the volume of water made available by root extension"
3122:
2367:
2149:
1888:
1363:
1034:
1009:
924:
902:
Root extension is vital for plant survival. A study of a single winter
879:
867:
791:
787:
724:
720:
682:
652:
632:
621:
Water infiltration and movement in soil are controlled by six factors:
463:
407:
358:
307:. Once the available water is used up the remaining moisture is called
194:
178:
114:
4194:
3791:. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona
2787:
2450:
Zhang, Guohua; Feng, Gary; Li, Xinhu; Xie, Congbao; P, Xiaoyu (2017).
1691:
1166:
1103:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
5138:
4913:
4898:
4842:
4741:
4686:
4626:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4309:
4279:
4259:
4188:
4077:
2489:
2468:
2451:
1056:
911:
892:
855:
819:
772:
708:
311:
as the plant cannot produce sufficient suction to draw that water in.
128:
3765:
Donahue, Roy Luther; Miller, Raymond W.; Shickluna, John C. (1977).
3605:
3372:
2663:
2651:
2255:
2243:
2201:
1741:
1631:
1289:
237:
or can be estimated at various scales and resolution: from local or
5094:
4943:
4726:
4641:
4596:
4472:
4452:
4442:
4427:
4399:
4394:
4379:
4349:
4344:
4324:
4314:
4299:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4154:
3914:
2168:
Rawls, Walter J.; Brakensiek, Donald L.; Saxtonn, Keith E. (1982).
1384:
Sims, J. Thomas; Simard, Régis R.; Joern, Brad
Christopher (1998).
1192:
975:
831:
823:
783:
776:
752:
Phosphorus; very little as its forms in soil are of low solubility.
732:
689:
674:
615:
430:
346:
282:
202:
182:
177:. When water enters the soil, it displaces air from interconnected
79:
2452:"Flood effect on groundwater recharge on a typical silt loam soil"
4888:
4676:
4636:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4467:
4437:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4369:
4364:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4304:
4289:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4060:
2602:
Hagedorn, Charles; Hansen, Debra T.; Simonson, Gerald H. (1978).
956:
952:
928:
920:
896:
827:
780:
728:
643:
639:
607:
599:
595:
443:
434:
399:
395:
387:
362:
294:
278:
170:
166:
147:
143:
102:
1854:
739:. In order of decreasing solubility, the leached nutrients are:
4786:
4721:
4462:
4457:
4359:
3974:
3851:
3577:
Comas, Louise H.; Eissenstat, David M.; Lakso, Alan N. (2000).
2518:
Rimon, Yaara; Dahan, Ofer; Nativ, Ronit; Geyer, Stefan (2007).
1211:
Ratliff, Larry F.; Ritchie, Jerry T.; Cassel, D. Keith (1983).
350:
2965:
1931:
1836:
1812:
1800:
1738:
959:. Transpiration plus evaporative soil moisture loss is called
814:, by giving soil hydraulic parameters of hydraulic functions (
361:
is completely filled by water. The field will drain under the
4701:
3272:
Jackson, Robert B.; Sperry, John S.; Dawson, Todd E. (2000).
2485:"Spatial variability of field-measured soil-water properties"
979:
746:
Magnesium, Sulfur, Potassium; depending upon soil composition
459:
438:
238:
2724:"Water flow in soil macropores. I. An experimental approach"
1535:
963:. Evapotranspiration plus water held in the plant totals to
655:
may not be able to absorb depending on the type of freezing.
4731:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
3989:
2483:
Nielsen, Donald R.; Biggar, James W.; Erh, Koon T. (1973).
934:
303:
The water that plants may draw from the soil is called the
155:
48:
2689:
2561:
Weiss, Peter T.; LeFevre, Greg; Gulliver, John S. (2008).
1675:
1462:
4716:
3702:
Tolk, Judy A.; Howell, Terry A.; Evett, Steve R. (1999).
3671:
Erie, Leonard J.; French, Orrin F.; Harris, Karl (1968).
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
903:
213:) and a lower fraction is supplied by suction created by
2990:"Soil morphology and preferential flow along macropores"
2762:"Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums"
3230:
2064:
1912:
Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
970:
The total water used in an agricultural field includes
3764:
3747:
3614:
3442:
3378:
3333:"Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views"
2669:
2657:
2601:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2207:
2167:
2155:
1894:
1824:
1781:
1490:"Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views"
1198:
1148:"Soil-moisture conditions in relation to plant growth"
322:
replenishment thanks to species-specific adaptations.
74:
Water that enters a field is removed from a field by
3576:
2560:
2517:
2393:
1210:
1146:
Veihmeyer, Frank J.; Hendrickson, Arthur H. (1927).
1145:
1007:
586:
The above are average values for the soil textures.
51:. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight.
3626:
3271:
1862:
Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa
967:, which is nearly identical to evapotranspiration.
442:for the soil particles produce increasingly higher
138:
by which the plant keeps itself in proper position.
2920:
2364:
2113:Al-Ani, Tariq; Bierhuizen, Johan Frederik (1971).
1629:
850:caused by the pulling force of water evaporating (
3627:Schlesinger, William H.; Jasechko, Scott (2014).
1345:Easton, Zachary M.; Bock, Emily (22 March 2016).
1096:Wallace, James S.; Batchelor, Charles H. (1997).
109:. Water is essential to plants for four reasons:
5196:
3822:
3768:Soils: An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth
3670:
2836:
2482:
2112:
1842:
1818:
1806:
1095:
618:to soil solids, and is called unsaturated flow.
4962:Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated
3701:
3034:Luo, Lifang; Lin, Henry; Halleck, Phil (2008).
2914:
1465:"Water uptake and transport in vascular plants"
1383:
779:force of water to the soil solids, producing a
32:A historic surface soil moisture change in the
4998:National Society of Consulting Soil Scientists
3391:Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Eckard, Alan N. (1971).
3390:
3094:"Macropores and water flow in soils revisited"
2449:
2274:Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis; Juanes, Ruben (2008).
1098:"Managing water resources for crop production"
703:locally, to less saturated areas, such as the
699:from the point of its application where it is
189:into which air is entrapped, a process called
131:are carried to, into and throughout the plant.
4210:
3867:
3033:
2843:Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
1981:Gupta, Satish C.; Larson, William E. (1979).
1287:
594:Water moves through soil due to the force of
3674:Consumptive use of water by crops in Arizona
3461:Kramer, Paul J.; Coile, Theodore S. (1940).
3091:
2721:
1976:
1974:
1579:"The extension of plant roots into dry soil"
1576:
862:. The upward movement of water and solutes (
808:finite water-content vadose zone flow method
760:to fifty or more centimeters per day in the
3810:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3460:
3151:Aston, Mervyn J.; Lawlor, David W. (1979).
3150:
2877:
2722:Germann, Peter Fritz; Beven, Keith (2006).
1980:
1577:Hunter, Albert S.; Kelley, Omer J. (1946).
1431:
874:, and can be interrupted in root and shoot
638:Depth of soil to impervious layers such as
205:where the soil is locally saturated and by
165:Water moves in soil under the influence of
5179:
4217:
4203:
3874:
3860:
3521:"Root architecture and plant productivity"
2807:
1344:
822:, crevices, root and worm channels, which
260:
150:, often at lower levels, a process called
105:but is of primary concern with respect to
3841:
3828:
3803:
3629:"Transpiration in the global water cycle"
3596:
3546:
3488:
3418:
3248:
3061:
2905:
2862:
2579:
2545:
2502:
2467:
2008:
1971:
1606:
1596:
1175:
1165:
1123:
1033:
841:
4972:Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
3835:
3448:
2878:Talbot, Cary A.; Ogden, Fred L. (2008).
2759:
2093:10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040024x
2067:"Lower limit of soil water availability"
1830:
1794:
1340:
1338:
935:Consumptive use and water use efficiency
264:
18:
5078:Soil Science Society of America Journal
4224:
3330:
3041:Soil Science Society of America Journal
2811:Weather prediction by numerical process
2702:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:2(157)
2682:Ng, Charles W.W.; Pang, Wenyan (2000).
1487:
1432:Brooks, R.H.; Corey, Arthur T. (1964).
1267:, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
1239:10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040032x
1218:Soil Science Society of America Journal
648:The amount of water already in the soil
353:of soil particles is stronger than the
5197:
5050:Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
4511:Canadian system of soil classification
3807:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
3190:
2871:
2681:
978:and consumptive use. The use of loose
4198:
3855:
3518:
3092:Beven, Keith; Germann, Peter (2013).
2987:
2839:"The soil moisture velocity equation"
2630:10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700010011x
2170:"Estimation of soil water properties"
1412:10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020006x
1335:
786:from wet towards drier soil and from
695:Water applied to a soil is pushed by
341:Water is retained in a soil when the
300:Available water and unavailable water
113:It constitutes 80–95% of the plant's
5152:
4988:International Union of Soil Sciences
3748:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
3615:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
3379:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2670:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2658:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2262:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2250:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2208:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
2156:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
1895:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
1435:Hydraulic properties of porous media
1199:Donahue, Miller & Shickluna 1977
378:. Total water potential is a sum of
293:. At that point, plants must apply
5015:Soil and Water Conservation Society
3634:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
1347:"Soil and soil water relationships"
866:) is regulated in the roots by the
13:
4495:Unified Soil Classification System
4027:Soil retrogression and degradation
3211:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb00749.x
2740:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01681.x
2229:Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
2136:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1971.tb00715.x
923:, will cause permanent damage and
326:
14:
5221:
4500:AASHTO Soil Classification System
854:) from the long column of water (
221:Soil water is also important for
5178:
5163:
5162:
5151:
5043:Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica B
4983:Indian Institute of Soil Science
4967:Canadian Society of Soil Science
4798:
4797:
3973:
3881:
3598:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00679.x
2728:European Journal of Soil Science
2609:Journal of Environmental Quality
2401:Journal of Environmental Quality
1958:10.1097/00010694-199601000-00003
1391:Journal of Environmental Quality
1294:European Journal of Soil Science
806:, which can be solved using the
458:is lost, and it wilts, although
418:(approximately 0.098 kPa).
365:until it reaches what is called
36:from August 2020 - December 2022
5021:Soil Science Society of America
3804:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
3757:
3695:
3664:
3651:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.011
3620:
3570:
3512:
3454:
3384:
3324:
3265:
3224:
3184:
3144:
3085:
3027:
2981:
2959:
2830:
2801:
2753:
2715:
2675:
2595:
2554:
2511:
2476:
2443:
2387:
2358:
2331:
2267:
2213:
2161:
2106:
2058:
2032:
1925:
1900:
1848:
1732:
1718:Global Climate Observing System
1706:
1669:
1623:
1570:
1529:
1481:
1456:
1425:
1377:
804:soil moisture velocity equation
231:Global Climate Observing System
5026:World Congress of Soil Science
5010:Soil Science Society of Poland
4516:Australian Soil Classification
4507:(French classification system)
3158:Journal of Experimental Botany
2808:Richardson, Lewis Fry (1922).
2571:Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory
2302:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.244504
1281:
1252:
1204:
1139:
1089:
1050:
1001:
1:
4037:Soil compaction (agriculture)
3728:10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00011-2
3295:10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01766-0
2814:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
2760:Richards, Lorenzo A. (1931).
2339:"Finger flow in coarse soils"
2042:. AgriInfo.in. Archived from
1875:10.1080/02566702.1987.9648075
1747:Remote Sensing of Environment
1714:"Essential Climate Variables"
1656:10.1016/S0378-3774(03)00201-4
1636:Agricultural Water Management
1564:10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00324-5
1063:Remote Sensing of Environment
994:
589:
382:potential which results from
3014:10.1016/0378-3774(81)90009-3
1843:Richards & Richards 1957
1819:Richards & Richards 1957
1807:Richards & Richards 1957
1543:Journal of Arid Environments
1288:Le Bissonnais, Yves (2016).
870:and in the plant foliage by
7:
4978:German Soil Science Society
4536:List of vineyard soil types
3198:Plant, Cell and Environment
764:and the north coast of the
345:of attraction that water's
127:It is the solvent in which
10:
5226:
5157:Knowledge:WikiProject Soil
4993:International Year of Soil
4521:Polish Soil Classification
3960:Environmental soil science
3823:Richards & Richards. "
2816:Cambridge University Press
1441:. Fort Collins, Colorado:
330:
5147:
5087:
5034:
4954:
4881:
4815:
4795:
4545:Non-systematic soil types
4544:
4481:
4408:
4232:
4187:
3982:
3971:
3965:Agricultural soil science
3907:
3889:
3708:Soil and Tillage Research
3682:The University of Arizona
3250:10.1093/treephys/18.6.393
2123:Acta Botanica Neerlandica
1768:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.003
1443:Colorado State University
1265:Oklahoma State University
1260:"Water movement in soils"
1083:10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.017
737:groundwater contamination
668:between water particles.
495:
492:
489:
486:
53:Soil moisture measurement
16:Water content of the soil
5115:Infiltration (hydrology)
4909:Geotechnical engineering
4531:List of U.S. state soils
3519:Lynch, Jonathan (1995).
3102:Water Resources Research
2924:Water Resources Research
2885:Water Resources Research
2525:Water Resources Research
2381:10.1525/bio.2011.61.11.6
2175:Transactions of the ASAE
1988:Water Resources Research
927:will suffer. When grain
816:water retention function
5184:List of soil scientists
4526:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
4505:Référentiel pédologique
4489:FAO soil classification
3788:Arizona Master Gardener
3351:10.1023/A:1026439226716
3331:Steudle, Ernst (2000).
3282:Trends in Plant Science
3191:Powell, D.B.B. (1978).
2504:10.3733/hilg.v42n07p215
2281:Physical Review Letters
2019:10.1029/WR015i006p01633
1508:10.1023/A:1026439226716
1488:Steudle, Ernst (2000).
860:cohesion-tension theory
433:hold water strongly to
261:Moisture level concepts
4955:Societies, Initiatives
4177:Soil water (retention)
3072:10.2136/sssaj2007.0179
2040:"Soil water potential"
1269:. Stillwater, Oklahoma
1116:10.1098/rstb.1997.0073
842:Water uptake by plants
735:, potentially causing
677:temporarily increases
606:. At 0 to 33 kPa
333:Soil water (retention)
270:
37:
5174:Category soil science
4858:Soil salinity control
2988:Bouma, Johan (1981).
762:Appalachian Mountains
371:specific surface area
337:Water retention curve
331:Further information:
268:
235:soil moisture sensors
31:
4939:Agricultural science
4833:Soil guideline value
4657:Calcareous grassland
4234:World Reference Base
3171:10.1093/jxb/30.1.169
2945:10.1002/2015WR017126
2907:10.1029/2008WR006815
2864:10.1002/2017MS000931
2547:10.1029/2006WR004855
2422:10.2134/jeq2008.0117
1314:10.1111/ejss.4_12311
985:Water use efficiency
949:tropical rainforests
872:stomatal conductance
711:out of the range of
120:It is essential for
5035:Scientific journals
4226:Soil classification
4167:Soil organic matter
4128:Pore water pressure
3720:1999STilR..50..137T
3680:. Tucson, Arizona:
3643:2014AgFM..189..115S
3637:. 189/190: 115–17.
3481:10.1104/pp.15.4.743
3411:10.1104/pp.47.4.453
3115:2013WRR....49.3071B
3054:2008SSASJ..72.1058L
3006:1981AgWM....3..235B
2937:2015WRR....51.4282O
2898:2008WRR....44.8453T
2855:2017JAMES...9.1473O
2780:1931Physi...1..318R
2622:1978JEnvQ...7...55H
2538:2007WRR....43.5402R
2414:2008JEnvQ..37.2048B
2294:2008PhRvL.101x4504C
2188:10.13031/2013.33720
2085:1996AgrJ...88..644S
2001:1979WRR....15.1633G
1950:1996SoilS.161....9P
1760:2011RSEnv.115.3390B
1648:2004AgWM...64..107Z
1598:10.1104/pp.21.4.445
1556:2004JArEn..56..129W
1404:1998JEnvQ..27..277S
1306:2016EuJSS..67...11L
1231:1983SSASJ..47..770R
1075:2012RSEnv.118..215A
1026:2021RemS...13.4893Z
989:transpiration ratio
987:is measured by the
943:. At the same time
771:Water is pulled by
483:
410:(100 kPa), or
349:atoms have for the
255:hydrological models
243:sensors in the soil
5130:Impervious surface
4410:USDA soil taxonomy
4236:for Soil Resources
4123:Pore space in soil
4066:Soil acidification
4022:Soil contamination
3539:10.1104/pp.109.1.7
3123:10.1002/wrcr.20156
2344:Cornell University
1035:10.3390/rs13234893
961:evapotranspiration
775:action due to the
697:pressure gradients
481:
422:of suction in cm H
271:
227:weather prediction
61:capacitance probes
38:
5192:
5191:
4823:Soil conservation
4809:
4808:
4083:Soil biodiversity
3930:Soil microbiology
3778:978-0-13-821918-5
3771:. Prentice-Hall.
3750:, pp. 97–99.
2788:10.1063/1.1745010
2158:, pp. 75–76.
2046:on 17 August 2017
1897:, pp. 72–74.
1754:(12): 3390–3408.
1692:10.1111/nph.12553
1167:10.1104/pp.2.1.71
910:; and 14 billion
796:Richards equation
679:soil permeability
664:, because of the
584:
583:
309:unavailable water
247:satellite imagery
29:
5217:
5182:
5181:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5154:
5004:OPAL Soil Centre
4801:
4800:
4697:Hydrophobic soil
4219:
4212:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4160:Soil respiration
3977:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3842:Stefferud (1957)
3838:Growth of Plants
3832:
3829:Stefferud (1957)
3819:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3782:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3679:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3550:
3526:Plant Physiology
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3492:
3468:Plant Physiology
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3422:
3398:Plant Physiology
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3098:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3065:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2931:(6): 4282–4300.
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2567:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:10.3390/w9070523
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2182:(5): 1316–1320.
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2072:Agronomy Journal
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2012:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1908:"Soil and water"
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1584:Plant Physiology
1574:
1568:
1567:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1153:Plant Physiology
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1110:(1356): 937–47.
1093:
1087:
1086:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1005:
899:, respectively.
888:osmotic pressure
794:. The so-called
496:Available water
484:
480:
420:Common logarithm
384:capillary action
363:force of gravity
223:climate modeling
215:osmotic pressure
160:matric potential
134:It provides the
101:, stability and
55:can be based on
30:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5143:
5125:Crust (geology)
5105:Land management
5100:Land conversion
5083:
5030:
4950:
4929:Earth materials
4877:
4863:Erosion control
4848:Soil governance
4828:Soil management
4811:
4810:
4805:
4791:
4762:Subaqueous soil
4747:Serpentine soil
4607:Parent material
4540:
4477:
4404:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4183:
4103:Soil resilience
4032:Soil compaction
4000:Soil morphology
3978:
3969:
3903:
3885:
3880:
3850:
3794:
3792:
3785:
3779:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3606:
3584:New Phytologist
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3389:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3237:Tree Physiology
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3063:10.1.1.455.2567
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2919:
2915:
2876:
2872:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2680:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2581:10.1.1.410.5113
2565:
2559:
2555:
2516:
2512:
2481:
2477:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2392:
2388:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
1979:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1679:New Phytologist
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1628:
1624:
1575:
1571:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1094:
1090:
1055:
1051:
1006:
1002:
997:
965:consumptive use
951:and dipping in
937:
844:
758:Rocky Mountains
666:surface tension
662:gravity fingers
592:
493:Field Capacity
468:acclimatization
425:
415:
376:water potential
355:cohesive forces
339:
329:
327:Water retention
305:available water
263:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5176:
5170:
5159:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5134:Surface runoff
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5057:Plant and Soil
5053:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4882:Related fields
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4737:Prime farmland
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Fuller's earth
4689:
4684:
4682:Expansive clay
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4152:
4147:
4145:Soil biomantle
4142:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4118:Soil structure
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:Soil fertility
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4010:Soil formation
4007:
4002:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3955:Soil chemistry
3952:
3950:Soil mechanics
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3833:
3801:
3783:
3777:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3694:
3663:
3619:
3604:
3569:
3511:
3453:
3441:
3383:
3371:
3338:Plant and Soil
3323:
3289:(11): 482–88.
3264:
3243:(6): 393–402.
3223:
3183:
3143:
3109:(6): 3071–92.
3084:
3048:(4): 1058–69.
3026:
2980:
2958:
2913:
2870:
2849:(2): 1473–87.
2829:
2800:
2752:
2714:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2594:
2553:
2510:
2475:
2442:
2408:(6): 2048–57.
2386:
2375:(11): 869–79.
2357:
2330:
2288:(24): 244504.
2266:
2254:
2242:
2212:
2200:
2160:
2148:
2105:
2057:
2031:
2010:10.1.1.475.497
1995:(6): 1633–35.
1970:
1924:
1899:
1887:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1780:
1731:
1705:
1686:(3): 1056–64.
1668:
1622:
1569:
1528:
1495:Plant and Soil
1480:
1455:
1424:
1376:
1334:
1280:
1251:
1203:
1191:
1138:
1088:
1049:
1014:Remote Sensing
999:
998:
996:
993:
972:surface runoff
936:
933:
884:xylem embolism
882:, also called
864:hydraulic lift
843:
840:
766:Gulf of Mexico
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
657:
656:
649:
646:
636:
629:
626:
612:field capacity
591:
588:
582:
581:
578:
575:
572:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
526:
525:
522:
519:
516:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
498:
497:
494:
491:
490:Wilting Point
488:
454:, the plant's
423:
413:
390:potential for
367:field capacity
343:adhesive force
328:
325:
324:
323:
315:
312:
301:
298:
291:field capacity
281:until water's
275:
274:Field capacity
262:
259:
249:that combines
225:and numerical
140:
139:
132:
125:
122:photosynthesis
118:
95:soil formation
93:Water affects
69:remote sensing
65:neutron probes
59:probes (e.g.,
34:Horn of Africa
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5222:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5185:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:Category soil
5160:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5071:Soil Research
5068:
5066:
5065:
5064:Pochvovedenie
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4904:Geomorphology
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4873:Liming (soil)
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4803:Types of soil
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Tropical peat
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Dry quicksand
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:Other systems
4480:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4172:Soil moisture
4170:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4049:Soil salinity
4047:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Pedodiversity
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3825:Soil Moisture
3821:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3749:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:(2): 137–47.
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3683:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3617:, p. 94.
3616:
3611:
3609:
3599:
3594:
3591:(1): 171–78.
3590:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:(4): 743–47.
3474:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3451:, p. 46.
3450:
3449:Wadleigh 1957
3445:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:(4): 453–56.
3404:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3381:, p. 92.
3380:
3375:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3172:
3168:
3165:(1): 169–81.
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:(4): 235–50.
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2892:(8): W08453.
2891:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2818:. p. 262
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:(5): 318–33.
2773:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2703:
2699:
2696:(2): 157–66.
2695:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2672:, p. 80.
2671:
2666:
2660:, p. 90.
2659:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:(5): W05402.
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2497:(7): 215–59.
2496:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2264:, p. 88.
2263:
2258:
2252:, p. 86.
2251:
2246:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2210:, p. 85.
2209:
2204:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2137:
2133:
2130:(3): 318–26.
2129:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:(4): 644–51.
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1845:, p. 52.
1844:
1839:
1833:, p. 39.
1832:
1831:Wadleigh 1957
1827:
1821:, p. 56.
1820:
1815:
1809:, p. 50.
1808:
1803:
1797:, p. 48.
1796:
1795:Wadleigh 1957
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1642:(2): 107–22.
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1591:(4): 445–51.
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:(1): 129–48.
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1466:
1459:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:(2): 277–93.
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:Virginia Tech
1348:
1341:
1339:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:(4): 770–75.
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1201:, p. 72.
1200:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1000:
992:
990:
986:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:transpiration
932:
930:
926:
922:
916:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:xylem vessels
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
688:
685:, helping to
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
667:
663:
654:
650:
647:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
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587:
579:
576:
573:
570:
569:
565:
562:
559:
556:
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551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
487:Soil Texture
485:
479:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:transpiration
449:
448:wilting point
445:
440:
436:
432:
427:
421:
417:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:gravitational
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
334:
320:
319:wilting point
316:
314:Wilting point
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
272:
267:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:measures via
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
216:
212:
211:transpiration
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:, and breaks
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
111:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
88:transpiration
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:water content
42:
41:Soil moisture
35:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
4924:Biogeography
4919:Hydrogeology
4894:Geochemistry
4816:Applications
4712:Martian soil
4171:
4140:Soil horizon
4113:Soil texture
4088:Soil quality
4044:Soil sealing
4017:Soil erosion
3945:Soil physics
3940:Soil ecology
3935:Soil zoology
3925:Soil biology
3883:Soil science
3806:
3795:25 September
3793:. Retrieved
3787:
3767:
3758:Bibliography
3743:
3733:25 September
3731:. Retrieved
3711:
3707:
3697:
3687:25 September
3685:. Retrieved
3673:
3666:
3656:25 September
3654:. Retrieved
3632:
3622:
3588:
3582:
3572:
3562:18 September
3560:. Retrieved
3530:
3524:
3514:
3504:18 September
3502:. Retrieved
3472:
3466:
3456:
3444:
3434:18 September
3432:. Retrieved
3402:
3396:
3386:
3374:
3364:18 September
3362:. Retrieved
3345:(1): 45–56.
3342:
3336:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3286:
3280:
3267:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3216:18 September
3214:. Retrieved
3205:(1): 69–76.
3202:
3196:
3186:
3176:18 September
3174:. Retrieved
3162:
3156:
3146:
3136:11 September
3134:. Retrieved
3106:
3100:
3087:
3077:11 September
3075:. Retrieved
3045:
3039:
3029:
3019:11 September
3017:. Retrieved
2997:
2993:
2983:
2973:11 September
2971:. Retrieved
2961:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2889:
2883:
2873:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2810:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2771:
2765:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2731:
2727:
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2693:
2687:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2616:(1): 55–59.
2613:
2607:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2569:
2556:
2529:
2523:
2513:
2494:
2488:
2478:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2405:
2399:
2389:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2285:
2279:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2179:
2173:
2163:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2127:
2121:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2076:
2070:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
1992:
1986:
1961:. Retrieved
1941:
1938:Soil Science
1937:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1902:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:(2): 78–81.
1866:
1860:
1850:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1771:. Retrieved
1751:
1745:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1708:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1639:
1635:
1625:
1588:
1582:
1572:
1547:
1541:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1502:(1): 45–56.
1499:
1493:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1434:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1395:
1389:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1353:
1325:. Retrieved
1300:(1): 11–21.
1297:
1293:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1222:
1216:
1206:
1194:
1160:(1): 71–82.
1157:
1151:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1107:
1101:
1091:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1020:(23): 4893.
1017:
1013:
1003:
969:
938:
917:
908:surface area
901:
883:
845:
836:permeability
826:water under
770:
755:
719:, including
717:contaminants
694:
673:
670:
661:
658:
625:Soil texture
620:
593:
585:
476:
428:
340:
308:
251:data capture
220:
164:
141:
107:plant growth
92:
73:
56:
40:
39:
5120:Groundwater
4934:Archaeology
4868:Agroecology
4838:Soil survey
4777:Terra rossa
4772:Terra preta
4752:Spodic soil
4672:Duplex soil
4652:Brown earth
4632:Alkali soil
4622:Rhizosphere
4617:Laimosphere
4491:(1974–1998)
4448:Inceptisols
4355:Plinthosols
4320:Kastanozems
4150:Soil carbon
4073:Soil health
4054:Alkali soil
3983:Soil topics
3908:Main fields
3836:Wadleigh. "
3533:(1): 7–13.
3316:11 November
2822:4 September
2793:4 September
2745:4 September
2734:(1): 1–13.
2707:4 September
1944:(1): 9–21.
1364:10919/75545
1069:: 215–226.
945:evaporation
925:crop yields
852:transpiring
800:unsaturated
713:plant roots
705:vadose zone
633:soil crusts
604:capillarity
392:saline soil
207:capillarity
175:capillarity
84:evaporation
5199:Categories
5110:Vegetation
4853:Soil value
4757:Stagnogley
4707:Lunar soil
4662:Dark earth
4647:Brickearth
4612:Pedosphere
4582:Soil crust
4390:Technosols
4375:Solonchaks
4295:Ferralsols
4260:Anthrosols
4135:Soil crust
4108:Soil color
4093:Soil value
3995:Pedosphere
3920:Edaphology
2462:(7): 523.
2368:BioScience
995:References
912:root hairs
880:cavitation
868:endodermis
848:absorption
820:macropores
792:micropores
788:macropores
725:pollutants
721:pesticides
683:river beds
653:permafrost
590:Water flow
515:Sandy loam
464:adaptation
359:pore space
195:micropores
187:aggregates
179:macropores
115:protoplasm
5139:Petrichor
4914:Hydrology
4899:Petrology
4843:Soil test
4742:Quicksand
4687:Fill dirt
4627:Bulk soil
4473:Vertisols
4463:Spodosols
4453:Mollisols
4443:Histosols
4428:Aridisols
4400:Vertisols
4395:Umbrisols
4385:Stagnosol
4350:Planosols
4345:Phaeozems
4325:Leptosols
4310:Gypsisols
4300:Fluvisols
4280:Chernozem
4275:Cambisols
4270:Calcisols
4265:Arenosols
4189:Soil type
4078:Soil life
3816:704186906
3058:CiteSeerX
2953:119834716
2643:28 August
2587:28 August
2576:CiteSeerX
2490:Hilgardia
2435:28 August
2350:28 August
2323:28 August
2235:28 August
2193:28 August
2141:21 August
2098:21 August
2024:21 August
2005:CiteSeerX
1963:21 August
1917:21 August
1880:14 August
1773:14 August
1724:14 August
1661:14 August
1521:14 August
1473:14 August
1448:14 August
1417:14 August
1369:14 August
1327:14 August
1322:247704630
1273:14 August
1244:14 August
1131:14 August
1044:2072-4292
893:guttation
856:xylem sap
773:capillary
709:percolate
701:saturated
557:Clay loam
543:Silt loam
456:turgidity
156:loam soil
136:turgidity
129:nutrients
99:structure
71:methods.
5095:Land use
5088:See also
4944:Agrology
4727:Paleosol
4642:Blue goo
4597:Gypcrust
4468:Ultisols
4438:Gelisols
4433:Entisols
4423:Andisols
4418:Alfisols
4380:Solonetz
4370:Retisols
4365:Regosols
4340:Nitisols
4335:Luvisols
4330:Lixisols
4315:Histosol
4305:Gleysols
4290:Durisols
4285:Cryosols
4255:Andosols
4245:Acrisols
4155:Soil gas
3915:Pedology
3557:12228579
3499:16653671
3429:16657642
3303:11077257
3259:12651364
3131:53132908
2994:Geoderma
2430:18948457
2318:21874968
2310:19113626
2050:15 March
1700:24134319
1617:16654059
1186:16652508
976:drainage
834:or dual
832:porosity
784:gradient
777:adhesion
733:bacteria
690:aquifers
687:recharge
675:Flooding
640:hardpans
616:adhesion
460:stomatal
431:adhesion
347:hydrogen
287:cohesive
283:adhesive
203:pressure
183:buoyancy
152:leaching
148:colloids
80:drainage
5172:
4974:(India)
4889:Geology
4677:Eluvium
4637:Bay mud
4602:Caliche
4592:Hardpan
4587:Claypan
4577:Subsoil
4572:Topsoil
4458:Oxisols
4360:Podzols
4250:Alisols
4238:(1998–)
4061:Soil pH
3894:History
3716:Bibcode
3639:Bibcode
3359:3338727
3311:8311441
3111:Bibcode
3050:Bibcode
3002:Bibcode
2933:Bibcode
2894:Bibcode
2851:Bibcode
2776:Bibcode
2767:Physics
2618:Bibcode
2534:Bibcode
2410:Bibcode
2290:Bibcode
2081:Bibcode
1997:Bibcode
1946:Bibcode
1756:Bibcode
1644:Bibcode
1552:Bibcode
1516:3338727
1400:Bibcode
1302:Bibcode
1227:Bibcode
1125:1691982
1071:Bibcode
1022:Bibcode
980:mulches
957:deserts
953:steppes
929:sorghum
921:wilting
897:wilting
828:gravity
781:suction
743:Calcium
729:viruses
644:bedrock
608:suction
600:osmosis
596:gravity
472:drought
444:suction
435:mineral
400:suction
388:osmotic
295:suction
279:gravity
199:texture
191:slaking
171:osmosis
167:gravity
154:. In a
144:solutes
103:erosion
57:in situ
47:of the
43:is the
5161:
4787:Yedoma
4722:Muskeg
3840:". In
3827:". In
3814:
3775:
3555:
3548:157559
3545:
3497:
3490:437871
3487:
3427:
3420:396708
3417:
3357:
3309:
3301:
3257:
3129:
3060:
2951:
2638:774611
2636:
2578:
2428:
2316:
2308:
2007:
1720:. 2013
1698:
1615:
1608:437296
1605:
1514:
1320:
1184:
1177:439946
1174:
1122:
1042:
812:Hydrus
404:pascal
394:, and
380:matric
351:oxygen
229:. The
76:runoff
5210:Water
4767:Takir
4702:Loess
3899:Index
3678:(PDF)
3355:S2CID
3307:S2CID
3277:(PDF)
3127:S2CID
3097:(PDF)
2949:S2CID
2634:S2CID
2566:(PDF)
2456:Water
2314:S2CID
2224:(PDF)
2118:(PDF)
1512:S2CID
1468:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1318:S2CID
824:drain
580:12.4
566:12.1
552:19.7
538:15.3
524:11.2
439:humus
67:) or
5205:Soil
5017:(US)
5006:(UK)
5000:(US)
4732:Peat
4567:Loam
4562:Clay
4557:Silt
4552:Sand
3990:Soil
3812:OCLC
3797:2022
3773:ISBN
3735:2022
3689:2022
3658:2022
3564:2022
3553:PMID
3506:2022
3495:PMID
3436:2022
3425:PMID
3366:2022
3318:2022
3299:PMID
3255:PMID
3218:2022
3178:2022
3138:2022
3079:2022
3021:2022
2975:2022
2824:2022
2795:2022
2747:2022
2709:2022
2645:2022
2589:2022
2437:2022
2426:PMID
2352:2022
2325:2022
2306:PMID
2237:2022
2195:2022
2143:2022
2100:2022
2052:2019
2026:2022
1965:2022
1919:2022
1882:2022
1775:2022
1726:2022
1696:PMID
1663:2022
1613:PMID
1523:2022
1475:2022
1450:2022
1419:2022
1371:2022
1329:2022
1275:2022
1246:2022
1182:PMID
1133:2022
1040:ISSN
955:and
895:and
731:and
602:and
577:39.6
574:27.2
571:Clay
563:31.8
560:19.7
549:33.0
546:13.3
535:27.0
532:11.7
529:Loam
521:20.7
510:5.8
501:Sand
437:and
412:cm H
335:and
317:The
285:and
253:and
239:wifi
173:and
146:and
49:soil
4717:Mud
3724:doi
3647:doi
3593:doi
3589:147
3543:PMC
3535:doi
3531:109
3485:PMC
3477:doi
3415:PMC
3407:doi
3347:doi
3343:226
3291:doi
3245:doi
3207:doi
3167:doi
3119:doi
3068:doi
3010:doi
2941:doi
2902:doi
2859:doi
2784:doi
2736:doi
2698:doi
2694:126
2626:doi
2542:doi
2499:doi
2464:doi
2418:doi
2377:doi
2298:doi
2286:101
2184:doi
2132:doi
2089:doi
2015:doi
1954:doi
1942:161
1871:doi
1764:doi
1752:115
1688:doi
1684:201
1652:doi
1603:PMC
1593:doi
1560:doi
1504:doi
1500:226
1408:doi
1360:hdl
1310:doi
1235:doi
1172:PMC
1162:doi
1120:PMC
1112:doi
1108:352
1079:doi
1067:118
1030:doi
904:rye
878:by
790:to
681:in
642:or
518:9.5
507:9.1
504:3.3
470:to
466:or
408:bar
406:),
245:to
181:by
86:or
5201::
3722:.
3712:50
3710:.
3706:.
3645:.
3631:.
3607:^
3587:.
3581:.
3551:.
3541:.
3529:.
3523:.
3493:.
3483:.
3473:15
3471:.
3465:.
3423:.
3413:.
3403:47
3401:.
3395:.
3353:.
3341:.
3335:.
3305:.
3297:.
3285:.
3279:.
3253:.
3241:18
3239:.
3235:.
3201:.
3195:.
3163:30
3161:.
3155:.
3125:.
3117:.
3107:49
3105:.
3099:.
3066:.
3056:.
3046:72
3044:.
3038:.
3008:.
2996:.
2992:.
2947:.
2939:.
2929:51
2927:.
2900:.
2890:44
2888:.
2882:.
2857:.
2845:.
2841:.
2782:.
2770:.
2764:.
2732:32
2730:.
2726:.
2692:.
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