46:
200:
1574:
157:
1038:
188:
177:
707:
962:
added to Room 40's naval charts but the information was denied to Napier, who made decisions based on the charts he did have. Admiralty reluctance to disclose that their information was derived from the decoding of wireless intercepts had led to the naval commander's being ill-informed. The
Admiralty did at least supply operational intelligence to the Naval commanders, after Beatty had made an emergency request when he was at sea. Napier was informed in ninety minutes by the Admiralty that German capital ships had sailed at
309:
143:
944:
915:, killing the conning tower crew and mortally wounding the Captain, Herbert Edwards, on the bridge and knocking unconscious the navigator, Lieutenant-Commander M. F. F. Wilson. All personnel on the lower bridge were killed and the gunner officer, Lieutenant H. C. C. Clarke took command, which was made more difficult because the shell also cut all electrical communications and reduced the rate of fire. The battlecruiser
795:
2556:
316:
611:, covered by light cruisers and destroyers, with occasional distant support by battleships. After the action off Lerwick, several proposals for attacks on the German minesweepers and escorts were canvassed at the Admiralty. On 31 October, the British sent a large force of cruisers and destroyers into the
961:
wrote that the
British operation was daring but that Napier was unjustly blamed for its failure to pursue the German ships with sufficient vigour. Room 40 was well informed about the positions of German minefields and the British fields which the Germans were trying to clear. The information had been
693:
disclosed an imminent German attack by seven light cruisers and 36 destroyers. During the week ending 11 November, British light cruisers, destroyers and a battlecruiser escort, conducted an abortive sweep along the fringe of the
Heligoland Bight minefields. By mid-November the Admiralty had obtained
645:
into surveying the
British minefields, to find routes through them for transit into and back from the North Sea. Test trips were carried out, being substantial operations with ships to find the mines, minesweepers, torpedo boats (usually a continental term for destroyers), U-boats, barrier breakers
2467:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. III (facs. repr. Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books and Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: John Murray.
723:
The
Germans planned a Test trip for 17 November 1917, comprising the 2nd and 6th Auxiliary Mine Sweeper Half-Flotillas, the 12th and 14th Torpedo Boat Half-Flotillas, Barrier Breaking Division IV and light cruisers of Scouting Group Division II, commanded by Rear-Admiral
781:
about half-way between Horns Reef and
Terschelling. With poor weather grounding Zeppelins and making it impossible for light cruisers to embark seaplanes, after they had alighted on the sea, the Test trip relied on reconnaissance patrols by two land-based seaplanes from
2362:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. V (2nd facs. repr. Naval & Military Press and Imperial War Museum ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co.
908:
was struck by a 12.0 in (30.5 cm) shell, which damaged a gun turret; shortly afterwards, the
British ships gave up the chase as they reached the edge of more minefields. A shell went through the upper conning tower of the light cruiser
1953:, which was faster and of shallower draft than the other British battle cruisers, was detached to support the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron at about 8:00 a.m.; she came into action around 9:00 a.m. and achieved a 15-inch hit on
2506:
2341:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. V (1st ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co.
824:
The German Test trip had been revealed by the code breakers of Room 40, allowing the
British to plan an ambush. On 16 November, orders for an attack on the Test trip were sent to Admiral Sir
604:. (During 1917, six U-boats were sunk by British mines and in two years, the German minesweeping counter-effort suffered the loss about 28 destroyers and 70 minesweepers and other ships.)
2596:
887:
was detached from the 1st Battle
Cruiser Squadron and came up at high speed to join the battle. Both sides were hampered in their manoeuvres by the presence of naval minefields.
873:, escaping the British detachment. A stern chase ensued as the German forces, making skillful use of smokescreens, withdrew south-east at their best speed, under fire from the
366:
571:
The
British used sea mining defensively to protect sea lanes and trade routes and offensively to impede the transit of German submarines and surface ships in the
2591:
1537:
862:
Reuter advanced with four light cruisers and eight destroyers towards the British ship to cover the withdrawal of the minesweepers, with all but the trawler
1088:
90:
1394:
629:
The prolific British laying of mines and net barrages outside the main German mine belts between Horns Reef and Terschelling, close to the bases of the
2560:
1782:
863:
766:
1771:
359:
45:
2586:
816:
672:
352:
607:
The Germans had been forced into minesweeping up to 150 nmi (170 mi; 280 km) into the Heligoland Bight and in the southern
148:
411:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1642:
1634:
986:
killed, ten seriously wounded and thirty men slightly wounded. An Admiralty communiqué listed British casualties as one officer and
386:
2538:
2516:
2472:
2453:
2367:
2327:
2289:
2270:
446:
20:
1908:
There is some dispute as to whether it was a 15 cm (5.9 in) or a 12.0 in (30.5 cm) shell which damaged
1479:
970:
s receiving severe damage. At the least, Room 40 had prevented the British operation degenerating from fiasco to disaster.
1983:
The principal source for the German order of battle is Gladisch, pp. 56–57. Commanding officers are from Gladisch, Scheer
308:
1282:
1239:
1018:
for his bravery in continuing to load and fire his gun despite receiving mortal shrapnel wounds that opened his abdomen.
2308:
1251:
491:
391:
1320:
698:, in Scotland, could sail in time. The Admiralty decided that an offensive operation should begin on 17 November.
554:, was an inconclusive naval engagement fought between British and German squadrons on 17 November 1917 during the
1850:
1443:
694:
enough intelligence to intercept one of the big German minesweeping operations, provided that the ships based at
329:
1573:
1037:
601:
526:
2601:
825:
471:
461:
1341:
773:, were to act as covering force for the group. The battleships were to reach a point west of Heligoland by
436:
421:
192:
1974:) were of similar size and function to the destroyers in the Royal Navy and are often referred to as such.
1931:
volume V, page 168–169, footnote 2. Additional organizational details are taken from The Admiralty (1917)
426:
396:
2576:
878:
496:
441:
2487:
From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919: 1917, Year of Crisis
1360:
1121:
456:
431:
1590:
924:
1270:
737:
466:
1354:
516:
2356:
1614:
1549:
1406:
1263:
1257:
812:
576:
57:
2526:
2320:
Light Battle Cruisers and the Second Battle of the Heligoland Bight: Lord Fisher's Oddities
1737:
1724:
1467:
1186:
874:
716:
476:
8:
2581:
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1418:
1388:
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1276:
1245:
1200:
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on the German coast, just east of the Netherlands, for reconnoitring ahead of the group.
654:. The Test trips were also protected by battleships on routes known to be free of mines.
1856:
1519:
1507:
1455:
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1306:
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1180:
882:
597:
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1225:
1161:
1145:
1129:
1104:
1096:
949:
910:
903:
744:
733:
676:
575:, the danger of which was illustrated on 17 October 1917 by the sortie of the German
506:
451:
204:
50:
1954:
952:(1916) showing (in black) the approximate area of German minefields in the North Sea
2502:
1501:
1449:
1424:
1412:
1366:
1151:
1049:
833:
778:
416:
406:
401:
181:
80:
2446:
After Jutland: The Naval War in Northern European Waters June 1916 – November 1918
2384:
1932:
1651:
1525:
1348:
1137:
1076:
979:
800:
630:
555:
284:
37:
2258:
1937:(London: Harrison and Sons). Commanding officers are from The Admiralty (1917)
1864:
1831:
1823:
1192:
1015:
958:
757:
from Squadron IV, each with ten 12 in (300 mm) guns, led by Captain (
706:
501:
220:
187:
176:
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2570:
2482:
2400:
2346:
1606:
727:
199:
162:
105:
92:
2428:
2063:
1804:
1217:
1065:
1007:
804:
751:
521:
2508:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
1988:
1918:
before the German battleships opened fire, the former is the more likely.
1899:
Two of the German destroyers were detached but rejoined during the battle
1543:
829:
583:
1870:
1598:
1082:
690:
608:
590:
836:
was sent to attack the German minesweepers as they were minesweeping.
344:
2303:(pbk. UCL Press, London ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2142:
689:
to find the new route of the Scandinavian Convoy. Agent reports from
651:
647:
572:
84:
902:-class battleships, which had come up in support of Reuter's ships;
2265:(repr. Oxford University Press ed.). London: Hamish Hamilton.
943:
680:
612:
1733:
4th Auxiliary Minesweeper Half-Flotilla (KptLt d R Joachim Löwe)
1927:
The principal source for the British order of battle is Newbolt,
1702:
1694:
1686:
794:
668:
890:
At about the same time, the light cruisers came under fire from
2555:
783:
712:
695:
686:
56:
at the battle, during which she was severely damaged, drawn by
832:. On 17 November 1917 a force of cruisers under Vice Admiral
2036:
2034:
2531:
To Crown the Waves: The Great Navies of the First World War
2395:(Eng. trans. ed.). London: Cassell. pp. 304–309.
849:
808:
2194:
1754:
6th Auxiliary Minesweeper Half-Flotilla (KptLt d R Wilke)
1746:
2nd Auxiliary Minesweeper Half-Flotilla (KptLt d R Klose)
2597:
Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
2118:
2031:
1987:, German Knowledge articles on the cruisers, Dave Alton,
2213:
2211:
2209:
2170:
2448:(ePub ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
2108:
2106:
2091:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2021:
2019:
2525:
2417:
Ehrenrangliste der Kaiserlich-Deutschen Marine 1914–18
2223:
2130:
1995:
Ehrenrangliste der Kaiserlich-Deutschen Marine 1914–18
848:
roughly 65 nmi (75 mi; 120 km) west of
2206:
2158:
2235:
2103:
2079:
2046:
2016:
2421:
Honor Rank List of the Imperial German Navy 1914–18
1990:
Commanding Officers of German Capital Ships 1914-19
1934:
Supplement to the Monthly Naval List, November 1917
2388:
2355:
1762:4th Barrier-Breaker Group (KptLt d R Hillebrand)
1662:(KptLt Arthur von Killinger; half-flotilla leader)
2489:. Vol. IV. London: Oxford University Press.
1719:6th Minesweeper Half-Flotilla (KptLt d'Ottilié)
2568:
1373:Attached light forces (13th Destroyer Flotilla)
966:and the location of German cruisers, leading to
139:
1820:Attached torpedo-boats (anti-submarine escort)
646:and light cruisers, with air reconnaissance by
2592:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany
2263:Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918
1486:Attached destroyers (12th Destroyer Flotilla)
1169:Attached destroyers (13th Destroyer Flotilla)
1073:Attached destroyers (13th Destroyer Flotilla)
1010:of Walsall, aboard Commodore Cowan's flagship
982:wrote that the Germans suffered casualties of
777:while the Test trip group rendezvoused in the
2529:; Dickson, W. David; Worth, R., eds. (2013).
2358:Naval Operations (with accompanying map case)
736:from the 6th Mine Sweeper Half-Flotilla. The
360:
1998:
1969:
1177:(flotilla leader; Cdr. Charles A. Fremantle)
758:
725:
667:On 20 October, the British code breakers of
640:
634:
621:, an armed merchant ship and nine trawlers.
616:
548:
1691:(OLtzS Victor Narjes; half-flotilla leader)
1959:at 9:58 a.m. at the end of the engagement.
1770:Group S, North Sea Outpost Flotilla (LtzS
919:briefly engaged the German ships at about
367:
353:
2391:Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War
858:sighted German ships. She opened fire at
701:
2533:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
2443:
2423:]. Berlin: Marine-Offizier-Verband.
2414:
2284:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
2241:
942:
793:
705:
315:
2353:
2336:
2317:
2298:
2229:
2217:
2200:
2176:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2097:
2073:
2069:
2057:
2040:
662:
374:
285:
19:For other similarly-named battles, see
2569:
2501:
2481:
2383:
2257:
2164:
2112:
2085:
2025:
1683:12th half-flotilla (KKpt Rudolf Lahs)
923:achieving a hit on the light cruiser
566:
348:
2462:
2282:British Battleships of World War One
2279:
2191:, Commonwealth War Graves Commission
2152:
1026:
881:and the 6th Light Cruiser Squadron.
828:, Commander-in-Chief of the British
679:, decrypted orders to the submarine
624:
2587:North Sea operations of World War I
1093:(Lt. Cdr. Montague G. B. Legge DSO)
1021:
13:
2437:
1142:(Capt. the Hon. Herbert Meade DSO)
14:
2613:
2561:Battle of Heligoland Bight (1917)
2548:
2322:. Glasgow: Centurion Publishing.
1639:(KptLt Max Fink; flotilla leader)
1293:(Lt. Cdr. Charles H. Neill James)
1031:
1001:
540:Second Battle of Heligoland Bight
31:Second Battle of Heligoland Bight
2554:
1939:Monthly Navy List, November 1917
1572:
1567:
1036:
550:Zweite Seeschlacht bei Helgoland
314:
307:
198:
186:
175:
155:
141:
44:
2410:– via Archive Foundation.
2379:– via Archive Foundation.
2182:
1977:
1962:
1944:
1921:
1902:
1150:(Capt. Herbert L. Edwards
1134:(flag; Capt. Claud H. Sinclair)
789:
16:Naval Engagement in World War I
2301:A Naval History of World War I
1893:
1843:Other forces at sea in support
1678:(Kpt Lt Wedig von Keyserlingk)
1328:Other forces at sea in support
1205:(Lt. Vernon Hammersley-Heenan)
815:(top right), both part of the
1:
2250:
1845:(none of which were engaged)
973:
930:that started a serious fire.
807:and Borkum (bottom left) and
561:
544:Action in the Helgoland Bight
412:Scarborough/Hartlepool/Whitby
2010:
1968:German large torpedo boats (
1603:(FKpt Gerhard von Gaudecker)
1197:(Lt Cdr. Kenneth A. Beattie)
1109:(Lt Cdr Roger V. Alison DSO)
933:
711:Map showing the location of
7:
1993:(accessed 29 May 2013) and
1647:(OLtzS Wolfgang Komorowski)
1300:1st Battle Cruiser Squadron
1070:(Capt Charles B. Miller CB)
1062:(flag; Capt Arthur Bromley)
1014:, was awarded a posthumous
938:
673:Naval Intelligence Division
10:
2618:
1650:14th half-flotilla (KptLt
1619:(KptzS Walther Hildebrand)
1212:1st Light Cruiser Squadron
1116:6th Light Cruiser Squadron
990:killed, four officers and
879:1st Light Cruiser Squadron
657:
497:Action of 15 February 1918
334:Location of the engagement
18:
2415:Stoelzel, Albert (1930).
1624:7th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla
1611:(FKpt Otto Seidensticker)
839:
685:to scout to the north of
382:
302:
253:
210:
168:
133:
63:
43:
35:
30:
2354:Newbolt, H. J. (2003) .
2299:Halpern, P. G. (1995) .
1886:
1699:(OLtzS Eberhard Kautter)
1330:(none of which engaged)
1122:Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair
2337:Newbolt, H. J. (1931).
1914:; since she was hit at
1741:A68, A69, A74, A41, A52
1271:13th Destroyer Flotilla
1252:the Hon. Mathew R. Best
1166:(Capt. William M. Kerr)
295:1 light cruiser damaged
268:1 light cruiser damaged
1999:
1970:
1727:, T74, M53, M4, M3, M1
1707:(KptLt Martin Laßmann)
1101:(Lt Cdr Guy P. Bowles)
954:
821:
759:
726:
720:
702:Test trip, 17 November
641:
635:
617:
549:
169:Commanders and leaders
2463:Hurd, A. S. (2003) .
2444:Goldrick, J. (2018).
1809:(KptzS Kurt Graßhoff)
1269:Attached destroyers (
946:
813:North Frisian Islands
797:
709:
254:Casualties and losses
58:William Lionel Wyllie
2602:November 1917 events
2563:at Wikimedia Commons
2318:Harkins, H. (2015).
2280:Burt, R. A. (1986).
2151:, pp. 175–176;
2072:, pp. 376–377;
1852:Friedrich der Grosse
1670:(KptLt Georg Reimer)
1595:(FKpt Karl Feldmann)
1381:(flotilla cruiser),
1342:Sir William Pakenham
1335:Battle Cruiser Force
1044:1st Cruiser Squadron
875:1st Cruiser Squadron
844:The action began at
799:Diagram showing the
717:East Frisian Islands
663:North Sea operations
487:2nd Heligoland Bight
392:1st Heligoland Bight
330:class=notpageimage|
21:Battle of Heligoland
2511:. London: Pimlico.
2203:, pp. 168–169.
2189:Carless, John Henry
2127:, pp. 376–377.
2076:, pp. 164–165.
2043:, pp. 164–165.
2000:Konteradmiral a. D.
1971:großer torpedoboote
1793:4th Battle Squadron
1500:(flotilla leader),
1494:(flotilla leader),
1437:1st Battle Squadron
602:Scandinavian Convoy
492:11–12 December 1917
376:North Sea 1914–1918
102: /
1817:(KptzS Max Loesch)
1580:2nd Scouting Group
1307:Richard Phillimore
955:
948:French map of the
822:
741:-class battleships
721:
642:Kaiserliche Marine
598:action off Lerwick
567:British minelaying
292:1 minesweeper sunk
2577:Conflicts in 1917
2559:Media related to
2540:978-1-61251-269-3
2518:978-1-84413-411-3
2503:Massie, Robert K.
2474:978-1-84342-567-0
2465:The Merchant Navy
2455:978-1-68247-328-3
2369:978-1-84342-493-2
2329:978-1-903630-52-5
2291:978-0-87021-863-7
2272:978-0-19-281468-5
2179:, pp. 38–39.
2100:, pp. 32–33.
2003:Albert Stoelzel).
1883:
1882:
1828:(KptLt Wildemann)
1585:Ludwig von Reuter
1264:Francis A. Marten
978:In 1920, Admiral
950:Battle of Jutland
734:Ludwig von Reuter
625:German test trips
618:Kronprinz Wilhelm
535:
534:
397:22 September 1914
343:
342:
205:Ludwig von Reuter
129:
128:
2609:
2558:
2544:
2522:
2498:
2478:
2459:
2432:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2394:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2350:
2339:Naval Operations
2333:
2314:
2295:
2276:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2004:
2002:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1929:Naval Operations
1925:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1863:Battlecruisers:
1576:
1469:Emperor of India
1187:Dashwood F. Moir
1156:
1050:Trevylyan Napier
1040:
1027:
1022:Orders of battle
997:
993:
989:
985:
965:
922:
872:
864:Kehdingen (1906)
861:
847:
834:Trevylyan Napier
779:Heligoland Bight
776:
764:
731:
644:
638:
620:
552:
472:2nd Dover Strait
462:1st Dover Strait
442:29 February 1916
427:Noordhinder Bank
377:
369:
362:
355:
346:
345:
322:Heligoland Bight
318:
317:
311:
287:
240:4 light cruisers
225:8 light cruisers
203:
202:
193:William Pakenham
191:
190:
182:Trevylyan Napier
180:
179:
161:
159:
158:
151:
147:
145:
144:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
106:54.167°N 8.067°E
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
81:Heligoland Bight
71:17 November 1917
65:
64:
48:
28:
27:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2567:
2566:
2551:
2541:
2519:
2475:
2456:
2440:
2438:Further reading
2435:
2405:
2403:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2330:
2311:
2292:
2273:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2007:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1963:
1949:
1945:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1836:(KptLt Paschen)
1796:
1777:armed trawlers
1772:Heinrich Woldag
1757:fishing vessels
1749:fishing vessels
1652:Richard Beitzen
1626:
1582:
1570:
1562:
1303:
1214:
1152:
1118:
1046:
1034:
1024:
1004:
995:
991:
987:
983:
980:Reinhard Scheer
976:
963:
953:
941:
936:
920:
866:
859:
845:
842:
820:
801:Frisian Islands
792:
774:
761:Kapitän zur See
719:
704:
665:
660:
631:High Seas Fleet
627:
569:
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556:First World War
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1319:(flag; Capt.
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467:16 March 1917
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111:54.167; 8.067
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2404:. Retrieved
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2373:. Retrieved
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2300:
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2262:
2237:
2230:Newbolt 2003
2225:
2218:Harkins 2015
2201:Newbolt 1931
2196:
2184:
2177:Harkins 2015
2172:
2160:
2149:Newbolt 1931
2144:
2137:Newbolt 2003
2132:
2125:Halpern 1995
2120:
2098:Harkins 2015
2093:
2081:
2074:Newbolt 2003
2070:Halpern 1995
2065:
2058:Harkins 2015
2041:Newbolt 2003
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1858:König Albert
1857:
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1824:
1813:
1805:
1798:
1795:(detachment)
1792:
1791:
1783:
1779:Fritz Reuter
1778:
1736:
1722:
1714:Minesweepers
1713:
1712:
1703:
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1441:Admiral Sir
1436:
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1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1367:
1361:
1355:
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1327:
1326:
1315:
1305:
1302:(detachment)
1299:
1298:
1289:
1277:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1230:(Cdre Cowan)
1226:
1218:Walter Cowan
1216:
1211:
1210:
1201:
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1173:
1162:
1153:
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1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1011:
1008:John Carless
1006:Able Seaman
1005:
998:were taken.
996:22 prisoners
977:
967:
956:
926:
916:
911:
904:
899:
895:
891:
889:
883:
854:
843:
826:David Beatty
823:
805:Terschelling
803:, including
790:British plan
770:
753:
746:
738:
722:
681:
666:
628:
606:
592:
585:
577:
570:
547:
543:
539:
537:
517:Mine Barrage
486:
447:2nd Yarmouth
432:Lowca/Parton
407:1st Yarmouth
243:8 destroyers
134:Belligerents
52:
36:Part of the
25:
2406:11 November
2375:11 November
2165:Scheer 1920
2113:Beesly 1984
2086:Beesly 1984
2026:Beesly 1984
1765:two vessels
1356:New Zealand
1345:KCB, KCVO)
968:Königsberg'
921:10:00 a.m.,
867: [
830:Grand Fleet
819:archipelago
542:, also the
109: /
2582:Heligoland
2571:Categories
2527:O'Hara, V.
2495:1072069754
2385:Scheer, R.
2259:Beesly, P.
2251:References
1956:Königsberg
1916:9:40 a.m.,
1866:Hindenburg
1592:Königsberg
1551:Narborough
1463:Resolution
1408:Telemachus
1259:Inconstant
1215:Commodore
1194:Vanquisher
1083:John Tovey
1059:Courageous
974:Casualties
927:Königsberg
855:Courageous
846:7:30 a.m.,
817:Wedden Sea
691:Copenhagen
609:Baltic Sea
562:Background
512:2nd Ostend
507:1st Ostend
477:4 May 1917
283:22 (
280:40 wounded
265:43 wounded
125:Indecisive
2401:495246260
2347:220475309
2261:(1984) .
2153:Burt 1986
2011:Footnotes
1784:Kehdingen
1723:M66, M7,
1608:Frankfurt
1457:Royal Oak
1254:MVO, DSO)
1174:Valentine
994:wounded;
964:8:30 a.m.
957:In 1984,
934:Aftermath
925:SMS
860:7:37 a.m.
775:7.00 a.m.
752:SMS
745:SMS
677:Admiralty
652:seaplanes
648:Zeppelins
591:SMS
584:SMS
582:cruisers
573:North Sea
502:Zeebrugge
85:North Sea
51:HMS
2505:(2003).
2485:(1969).
2429:62432982
2387:(1920).
1985:op. cit.
1806:Kaiserin
1616:Nürnberg
1539:Mischief
1497:Valhalla
1491:Saumarez
1454:(flag),
1420:Tristram
1390:Obdurate
1378:Champion
1353:(flag),
1310:CB, MVO
1278:Vendetta
1247:Royalist
1202:Vehement
1067:Glorious
1053:CB, MVO
939:Analysis
896:Kaiserin
771:Kaiserin
754:Kaiserin
613:Kattegat
546:and the
417:Cuxhaven
211:Strength
76:Location
1951:Repulse
1911:Calypso
1545:Munster
1521:Paladin
1509:Nonsuch
1451:Revenge
1316:Repulse
1262:(Capt.
1250:(Capt.
1238:(Capt.
1235:Galatea
1227:Caledon
1182:Vimiera
1163:Caradoc
1154:†
1147:Calypso
1131:Cardiff
1125:CB MVO
1090:Nerissa
1012:Caledon
917:Repulse
912:Calypso
905:Caledon
884:Repulse
852:, when
811:in the
715:in the
675:of the
669:Room 40
658:Prelude
586:Brummer
578:Brummer
522:Tondern
482:Lerwick
452:Jutland
94:54°10′N
53:Calypso
2537:
2515:
2493:
2471:
2452:
2427:
2399:
2366:
2345:
2326:
2307:
2288:
2269:
1878:
1872:Moltke
1814:Kaiser
1797:KptzS
1600:Pillau
1533:Prince
1515:Napier
1481:Canada
1475:Benbow
1426:Verdun
1402:Petard
1396:Oriana
1384:Nepean
1290:Medway
1281:(Cdr.
1185:(Cdr.
1106:Umpire
1098:Urchin
992:39 men
988:21 men
984:21 men
900:Kaiser
892:Kaiser
877:, the
840:Battle
784:Borkum
747:Kaiser
739:Kaiser
713:Borkum
696:Rosyth
687:Bergen
593:Bremse
580:-class
160:
146:
122:Result
97:8°04′E
2419:[
1887:Notes
1627:KKpt
1503:Noble
1414:Tower
1368:Tiger
1139:Ceres
1081:(Cdr
871:]
682:UB-61
596:(the
402:Texel
2535:ISBN
2513:ISBN
2491:OCLC
2469:ISBN
2450:ISBN
2425:OCLC
2408:2020
2397:OCLC
2377:2020
2364:ISBN
2343:OCLC
2324:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2267:ISBN
1781:and
1527:Penn
1350:Lion
1242:DSO)
1078:Ursa
894:and
850:Sylt
809:Sylt
750:and
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