Cruiser - Knowledge

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Army troops for Guadalcanal that was due on 13 October. The Tokyo Express convoy was two seaplane tenders and six destroyers; the bombardment group was three heavy cruisers and two destroyers, and the US force was two heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and five destroyers. The US force engaged the Japanese bombardment force; the Tokyo Express convoy was able to unload on Guadalcanal and evade action. The bombardment force was sighted at close range (5,000 yards (4,600 m)) and the US force opened fire. The Japanese were surprised because their admiral was anticipating sighting the Tokyo Express force, and withheld fire while attempting to confirm the US ships' identity. One Japanese cruiser and one destroyer were sunk and one cruiser damaged, against one US destroyer sunk with one light cruiser and one destroyer damaged. The bombardment force failed to bring its torpedoes into action, and turned back. The next day US aircraft from Henderson Field attacked several of the Japanese ships, sinking two destroyers and damaging a third. The US victory resulted in overconfidence in some later battles, reflected in the initial after-action report claiming two Japanese heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and three destroyers sunk by the gunfire of

3161: 2120:. The Allied force, known as the 7th Fleet Support Force, guarding the strait was overwhelming. It included six battleships (all but one previously damaged in 1941 at Pearl Harbor), four heavy cruisers (one Australian), four light cruisers, and 28 destroyers, plus a force of 39 PT boats. The only advantage to the Japanese was that most of the Allied battleships and cruisers were loaded mainly with high explosive shells, although a significant number of armor-piercing shells were also loaded. The lead Japanese force evaded the PT boats' torpedoes, but were hit hard by the destroyers' torpedoes, losing a battleship. Then they encountered the battleship and cruiser guns. Only one destroyer survived. The engagement is notable for being one of only two occasions in which battleships fired on battleships in the Pacific Theater, the other being the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. Due to the starting arrangement of the opposing forces, the Allied force was in a " 2201:

escort carriers' aircraft also performed very well, attacking with machine guns after their carriers ran out of bombs and torpedoes. The unexpected level of damage, and maneuvering to avoid the torpedoes and air attacks, disorganized the Japanese and caused them to think they faced at least part of the Third Fleet's main force. They had also learned of the defeat a few hours before at Surigao Strait, and did not hear that Halsey's force was busy destroying the decoy fleet. Convinced that the rest of the Third Fleet would arrive soon if it hadn't already, the Japanese withdrew, eventually losing three heavy cruisers sunk with three damaged to air and torpedo attacks. The Americans lost two escort carriers, two destroyers, and one destroyer escort sunk, with three escort carriers, one destroyer, and two destroyer escorts damaged, thus losing over one-third of their engaged force sunk with nearly all the remainder damaged.

722: 4738: 4108: 1778:. Along with their superior torpedoes, the opening Japanese gunfire was accurate and very damaging. Subsequent analysis showed that some of the damage was due to poor housekeeping practices by US forces. Stowage of boats and aircraft in midships hangars with full gas tanks contributed to fires, along with full and unprotected ready-service ammunition lockers for the open-mount secondary armament. These practices were soon corrected, and US cruisers with similar damage sank less often thereafter. Savo was the first surface action of the war for almost all the US ships and personnel; few US cruisers and destroyers were targeted or hit at Coral Sea or Midway. 1997:

destroyer with gunfire which later sank, but the Japanese torpedo counterattack was devastating. One American heavy cruiser was sunk and three others heavily damaged, with the bows blown off of two of them. It was significant that these two were not lost to Long Lance hits as happened in previous battles; American battle readiness and damage control had improved. Despite defeating the Americans, the Japanese withdrew without delivering the crucial supplies to Guadalcanal. Another attempt on 3 December dropped 1,500 drums of supplies near Guadalcanal, but Allied strafing aircraft sank all but 300 before the Japanese Army could recover them. On 7 December

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were not treaty compliant 10,000 ton cruisers. And although their displacement and scale of armor protection were that of a heavy cruiser, their 280 mm (11 in) main armament was heavier than the 203 mm (8 in) guns of other nations' heavy cruisers, and the latter two members of the class also had tall conning towers resembling battleships. The Panzerschiffe were listed as Ersatz replacements for retiring Reichsmarine coastal defense battleships, which added to their propaganda status in the Kriegsmarine as Ersatz battleships; within the Royal Navy, only battlecruisers HMS

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Their plan was that the bombardment would neutralize Allied airpower and allow a force of 11 transport ships and 12 destroyers to reinforce Guadalcanal with a Japanese division the next day. However, US reconnaissance aircraft spotted the approaching Japanese on the 12th and the Americans made what preparations they could. The American force consisted of two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, two anti-aircraft cruisers, and eight destroyers. The Americans were outgunned by the Japanese that night, and a lack of pre-battle orders by the US commander led to confusion. The destroyer

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cruisers, only the Australian ships had torpedoes. The Japanese force included five heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and one destroyer. Numerous circumstances combined to reduce Allied readiness for the battle. The results of the battle were three American heavy cruisers sunk by torpedoes and gunfire, one Australian heavy cruiser disabled by gunfire and scuttled, one heavy cruiser damaged, and two US destroyers damaged. The Japanese had three cruisers lightly damaged. This was the most lopsided outcome of the surface actions in the

3847: 4235: 667:, would be able to combine firepower and armor with better endurance and speed than ever before. The armored cruisers of the 1890s and early 1900s greatly resembled the battleships of the day; they tended to carry slightly smaller main armament (7.5-to-10-inch (190 to 250 mm) rather than 12-inch) and have somewhat thinner armor in exchange for a faster speed (perhaps 21 to 23 knots (39 to 43 km/h) rather than 18). Because of their similarity, the lines between battleships and armored cruisers became blurred. 4627: 2562: 649:) was a smaller unarmored cruiser, which emerged in the 1880s–1890s. These ships could reach speeds up to 20 knots (37 km/h) and were armed with medium to small calibre guns as well as torpedoes. These ships were tasked with guard and reconnaissance duties, to repeat signals and all other fleet duties for which smaller vessels were suited. These ships could also function as flagships of torpedo boat flotillas. After the 1900s, these ships were usually traded for faster ships with better sea going qualities. 4466: 3493: 4122: 4508: 4529: 4320: 4279: 3614: 4487: 4140: 3384: 2269: 3708: 3584: 4557: 4187: 4668: 3819: 3550: 4432: 3784: 4379: 3761: 3740: 3664: 839: 2869:", carrying large numbers of anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and anti-aircraft missiles. The Soviet combat doctrine of saturation attack meant that their cruisers (as well as destroyers and even missile boats) mounted multiple missiles in large container/launch tube housings and carried far more ASCMs than their NATO counterparts, while NATO combatants instead used individually smaller and lighter missiles (while appearing under-armed when compared to Soviet ships). 4404: 4076: 4585: 4300: 488: 4752: 4689: 4360: 4340: 3530: 4208: 1712:; the most common results of firing either of these torpedoes were a dud or a miss. The problems with these weapons were not solved until mid-1943, after almost all of the surface actions in the Solomon Islands had taken place. Another factor that shaped the early surface actions was the pre-war training of both sides. The US Navy concentrated on long-range 8-inch gunfire as their primary offensive weapon, leading to rigid 1467:, mostly to air attack and submarines, in operations in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean. Sixteen of these losses were in the Mediterranean. The British included cruisers and anti-aircraft cruisers among convoy escorts in the Mediterranean and to northern Russia due to the threat of surface and air attack. Almost all cruisers in World War II were vulnerable to submarine attack due to a lack of anti-submarine 562: 4160: 3369: 4648: 3205: 709:, and the first were commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1907. The British battlecruisers sacrificed protection for speed, as they were intended to "choose their range" (to the enemy) with superior speed and only engage the enemy at long range. When engaged at moderate ranges, the lack of protection combined with unsafe ammunition handling practices became tragic with the loss of three of them at the 2896:, an over/under rocket-delivered heavyweight torpedo primarily for the anti-submarine role, but capable of anti-surface action with a range of up to 90 kilometres (56 mi). Soviet doctrine had shifted; powerful anti-submarine vessels (these were designated "Large Anti-Submarine Ships", but were listed as cruisers in most references) were needed to destroy NATO submarines to allow Soviet 705:

a fleet of large, fast, powerfully armed vessels which would be able to hunt down and mop up enemy cruisers and armored cruisers with overwhelming fire superiority was needed. They were equipped with the same gun types as battleships, though usually with fewer guns, and were intended to engage enemy capital ships as well. This type of vessel came to be known as the

2849:, originally designated PFG, were redesignated into the FFG line. The cruiser-destroyer-frigate realignment and the deletion of the Ocean Escort type brought the US Navy's ship designations into line with the rest of the world's, eliminating confusion with foreign navies. In 1980, the Navy's then-building DDG-47-class destroyers were redesignated as cruisers ( 713:. Germany and eventually Japan followed suit to build these vessels, replacing armored cruisers in most frontline roles. German battlecruisers were generally better protected but slower than British battlecruisers. Battlecruisers were in many cases larger and more expensive than contemporary battleships, due to their much larger propulsion plants. 2124:" position, so this was the last battle in which this occurred, but it was not a planned maneuver. The following Japanese cruiser force had several problems, including a light cruiser damaged by a PT boat and two heavy cruisers colliding, one of which fell behind and was sunk by air attack the next day. An American veteran of Surigao Strait, 744:, the first of which was launched in 1909, it was possible for a small, fast cruiser to carry both belt and deck armor, particularly when turbine engines were adopted. These light armored cruisers began to occupy the traditional cruiser role once it became clear that the battlecruiser squadrons were required to operate with the battle fleet. 1319:

knots. They were equipped with 6–12 main guns with a caliber of 127–133 mm (5–5.5 inches). In addition, they were equipped with 8–12 secondary guns under 127 mm (5 in) and dozens of small caliber cannons, as well as torpedoes and mines. Some ships also carried 2–4 seaplanes, mainly for reconnaissance. In 1930 the

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Heavy cruisers were equipped with eight or nine 8 in (203 mm) guns with a range of more than 20 nautical miles. They were mainly used to attack enemy surface ships and shore-based targets. In addition, there were 10–16 secondary guns with a caliber of less than 130 mm (5.1 in). Also, dozens of automatic

1861:, with both heavy cruisers, most of the remaining destroyers, and both anti-aircraft cruisers damaged. The Japanese initially had one battleship and four destroyers damaged, but at this point they withdrew, possibly unaware that the US force was unable to further oppose them. At dawn US aircraft from Henderson Field, 3428:) with a displacement of 7,500 tons, equipped with four P-35 anti-ship missile launchers and two Volna anti-aircraft missile launchers. These were transitional types with lesser strike capabilities and were initially classified as large anti-submarine ships but were reclassified as guided-missile cruisers in 1977. 3359:

cells. The resulting ship would have had a waterline length of 700 feet, a waterline beam of 97 feet, and a displacement of about 25,000 tons. Other features included an integrated electric drive and advanced computer systems, both stand-alone and networked. It was part of the U.S. Navy's "Revolution

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Outside the US and Soviet navies, new cruisers were rare following World War II. Most navies use guided-missile destroyers for fleet air defense, and destroyers and frigates for cruise missiles. The need to operate in task forces has led most navies to change to fleets designed around ships dedicated

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warfare, although they were capable anti-surface warfare combatants as well. In the late 1960s, the US government perceived a "cruiser gap"—at the time, the US Navy possessed six ships designated as cruisers, compared to 19 for the Soviet Union, even though the USN had 21 ships designated as frigates

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guided-missile destroyers that were tasked with the short-range air defense role. The U.S. cruiser was a major contrast to their contemporaries, Soviet "rocket cruisers" that were armed with large numbers of anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) as part of the combat doctrine of saturation attack, though

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s were reclassified as guided-missile destroyers (DDG) due to their small size, and the remaining DLG/DLGN ships became guided-missile cruisers (CG/CGN). The World War II conversions were gradually retired between 1970 and 1980; the Talos missile was withdrawn in 1980 as a cost-saving measure and the

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cruisers and eight destroyers. The Japanese had two heavy cruisers, two small light cruisers, and six destroyers. Both sides were plagued by collisions, shells that failed to explode, and mutual skill in dodging torpedoes. The Americans suffered significant damage to three destroyers and light damage

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interrupted a Tokyo Express run, and the following night sank a Japanese supply submarine. The next day the Japanese Navy proposed stopping all destroyer runs to Guadalcanal, but agreed to do just one more. This was on 11 December and was also intercepted by PT boats, which sank a destroyer; only 200

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occurred on the night of 11–12 October 1942. A Tokyo Express mission was underway for Guadalcanal at the same time as a separate cruiser-destroyer bombardment group loaded with high explosive shells for bombarding Henderson Field. A US cruiser-destroyer force was deployed in advance of a convoy of US

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in place of ordinary torpedoes. Before World War II, cruisers were mainly divided into three types: heavy cruisers, light cruisers and auxiliary cruisers. Heavy cruiser tonnage reached 20–30,000 tons, speed 32–34 knots, endurance of more than 10,000 nautical miles, armor thickness of 127–203 mm.

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The growing size and power of the armored cruiser resulted in the battlecruiser, with an armament and size similar to the revolutionary new dreadnought battleship; the brainchild of British admiral Jackie Fisher. He believed that to ensure British naval dominance in its overseas colonial possessions,

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The term "cruiser" or "cruizer" was first commonly used in the 17th century to refer to an independent warship. "Cruiser" meant the purpose or mission of a ship, rather than a category of vessel. However, the term was nonetheless used to mean a smaller, faster warship suitable for such a role. In the

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heavy anti-ship missile launchers, 12 vertical launchers for long-range Fort anti-aircraft missiles, and short-range missiles. For anti-submarine warfare, they were equipped with rocket-torpedo launchers and three helicopters, and their crew numbered up to 744 people. In English-language literature,

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anti-aircraft missiles. With a moderate full displacement of 5,350 tons, they were initially intended to be classified as destroyers but ultimately entered service as guided-missile cruisers. During this period, designs for larger cruisers, such as Project 64 and the nuclear-powered Project 63 (with

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in the US, larger ships were called cruisers, slightly smaller and weaker fleet escorts were called destroyers, and smaller ships for ocean escort and anti-submarine warfare were called frigates. However, the size and qualitative differences between them and destroyers were vague and arbitrary. With

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From this point on, US cruisers primarily served as anti-aircraft escorts for carriers and in shore bombardment. The only major Japanese carrier operation after Guadalcanal was the disastrous (for Japan) Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, nicknamed the "Marianas Turkey Shoot" by the US Navy.

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occurred. The Allies had three light cruisers (one New Zealand) and ten destroyers; the Japanese had one small light cruiser and five destroyers, a Tokyo Express run for Vila. All three Allied cruisers were heavily damaged, with the New Zealand cruiser put out of action for 25 months by a Long Lance

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The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal occurred 12–15 November 1942 in two phases. A night surface action on 12–13 November was the first phase. The Japanese force consisted of two Kongō-class battleships with high explosive shells for bombarding Henderson Field, one small light cruiser, and 11 destroyers.

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alone. The battle had little effect on the overall situation, as the next night two Kongō-class battleships bombarded and severely damaged Henderson Field unopposed, and the following night another Tokyo Express convoy delivered 4,500 troops to Guadalcanal. The US convoy delivered the Army troops as

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Shortly after the turn of the 20th century there were difficult questions about the design of future cruisers. Modern armored cruisers, almost as powerful as battleships, were also fast enough to outrun older protected and unarmored cruisers. In the Royal Navy, Jackie Fisher cut back hugely on older

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classes, exceed 10,000 tons. Japan, for political reasons, does not use the term "cruiser" or even "destroyer", formally classifying these ships as missile escorts with hull numbers prefixed by DDG, corresponding to guided-missile destroyers. These Japanese destroyers also provide ballistic missile

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and the subsequent reduction of military rivalry led to significant reductions in naval forces. This reduction was more pronounced in the Soviet Navy, which was mostly taken over by Russia. Faced with severe financial difficulties, Russia was forced to decommission most of its ships in the 1990s or

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The U.S. Navy's guided-missile cruisers were built upon destroyer-style hulls (some called "destroyer leaders" or "frigates" prior to the 1975 reclassification). As the U.S. Navy's strike role was centered around aircraft carriers, cruisers were primarily designed to provide air defense while often

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then decided to use his Third Fleet carrier force to attack the Japanese carrier group, located well to the north of Samar, which was actually a decoy group with few aircraft. The Japanese were desperately short of aircraft and pilots at this point in the war, and Leyte Gulf was the first battle in

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had not arrived yet and the remainder of the force was on guard for US warships. The bombardment caused little damage. The cruiser-destroyer force then withdrew, while the transport force continued towards Guadalcanal. Both forces were attacked by US aircraft on the 14th. The cruiser force lost one

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took place 25–27 October 1942. It was a pivotal battle, as it left the US and Japanese with only two large carriers each in the South Pacific (another large Japanese carrier was damaged and under repair until May 1943). Due to the high carrier attrition rate with no replacements for months, for the

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northeast of Singapore. It was now clear that surface ships could not operate near enemy aircraft in daylight without air cover; most surface actions of 1942–43 were fought at night as a result. Generally, both sides avoided risking their battleships until the Japanese attack at Leyte Gulf in 1944.

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after it was spotted by a U-boat. Although the Germans sank a British destroyer and a minesweeper (also damaging another destroyer), they failed to damage any of the convoy's merchant ships. A German destroyer was lost and a heavy cruiser damaged. Both sides withdrew from the action for fear of the

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on Arms Limitation in 1922, the tonnage and quantity of battleships, aircraft carriers and cruisers were severely restricted. In order not to violate the treaty, countries began to develop light cruisers. Light cruisers of the 1920s had displacements of less than 10,000 tons and a speed of up to 35

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guns were installed to fight aircraft and small vessels such as torpedo boats. For example, in World War II, American Alaska-class cruisers were more than 30,000 tons, equipped with nine 12 in (305 mm) guns. Some cruisers could also carry three or four seaplanes to correct the accuracy of

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Some large liners were armed in the same way. In British service these were known as Armed Merchant Cruisers (AMC). The Germans and French used them in World War I as raiders because of their high speed (around 30 knots (56 km/h)), and they were used again as raiders early in World War II

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Unarmored cruising warships, built out of wood, iron, steel or a combination of those materials, remained popular until towards the end of the 19th century. The ironclad's armor often meant that they were limited to short range under steam, and many ironclads were unsuited to long-range missions or

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class) with a full displacement of 11,300 tons were completed out of a longer planned series. They carried 16 Bazalt anti-ship missile launchers and eight vertical launchers for long-range Fort anti-aircraft missiles. The pinnacle of development for cruisers designed to engage surface ships, while

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s, the US Navy used odd naming conventions that left its fleet seemingly without many cruisers, although a number of their ships were cruisers in all but name. From the 1950s to the 1970s, US Navy cruisers were large vessels equipped with heavy, specialized missiles (mostly surface-to-air, but for

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At the Battle off Samar, a Japanese battleship group moving towards the invasion fleet off Leyte engaged a minuscule American force known as "Taffy 3" (formally Task Unit 77.4.3), composed of six escort carriers with about 28 aircraft each, three destroyers, and four destroyer escorts. The biggest

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as heavy cruisers by replacing their 6.1 in (155 mm) triple turrets with 8 in (203 mm) twin turrets. Torpedo refits were also made to most heavy cruisers, resulting in up to sixteen 24 in (610 mm) tubes per ship, plus a set of reloads. In 1941 the 1920s light cruisers

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The heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser designed for long range, high speed and an armament of naval guns around 203 mm (8 in) in calibre. The first heavy cruisers were built in 1915, although it only became a widespread classification following the London Naval Treaty in 1930. The heavy

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hastily armed with small guns on the outbreak of war. Auxiliary cruisers were used to fill gaps in their long-range lines or provide escort for other cargo ships, although they generally proved to be useless in this role because of their low speed, feeble firepower and lack of armor. In both world

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s armament consisted of fore and aft 10-inch (25.4 cm) guns and 6-inch (15.2 cm) guns in the midships positions. It could reach a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h), and was propelled by steam alone. It also had a displacement of less than 3,000 tons. During the two following decades, this

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Steel also offered the cruiser a way of acquiring the protection needed to survive in combat. Steel armor was considerably stronger, for the same weight, than iron. By putting a relatively thin layer of steel armor above the vital parts of the ship, and by placing the coal bunkers where they might

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After the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in October 1942, both sides were short of large aircraft carriers. The US suspended major carrier operations until sufficient carriers could be completed to destroy the entire Japanese fleet at once should it appear. The Central Pacific carrier raids and

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sank or was scuttled before the night was out, along with two Japanese destroyers. The remaining Japanese ships withdrew, except for the four transports, which beached themselves in the night and started unloading. However, dawn (and US aircraft, US artillery, and a US destroyer) found them still

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with a cruiser-destroyer force. In a controversial move, the US carrier task forces were withdrawn from the area on the 8th due to heavy fighter losses and low fuel. The Allied force included six heavy cruisers (two Australian), two light cruisers (one Australian), and eight US destroyers. Of the

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Most post-World War II cruisers were tasked with air defense roles. In the early 1950s, advances in aviation technology forced the move from anti-aircraft artillery to anti-aircraft missiles. Therefore, most modern cruisers are equipped with surface-to-air missiles as their main armament. Today's

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The British press referred to the vessels as pocket battleships, in reference to the heavy firepower contained in the relatively small vessels; they were considerably smaller than contemporary battleships, though at 28 knots were slower than battlecruisers. At up to 16,000 tons at full load, they

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During the 19th century, navies began to use steam power for their fleets. The 1840s saw the construction of experimental steam-powered frigates and sloops. By the middle of the 1850s, the British and U.S. Navies were both building steam frigates with very long hulls and a heavy gun armament, for

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aircraft carriers being built. Losing four heavy and two small light cruisers in 1942, the Japanese built only five light cruisers during the war; these were small ships with six 6.1 in (155 mm) guns each. Losing 20 cruisers in 1940–42, the British completed no heavy cruisers, thirteen

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with 5,500 metres (6,000 yd) at 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph). The Mark 15 had a maximum range of 13,500 metres (14,800 yd) at 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph), still well below the "Long Lance". The Japanese were able to keep the Type 93's performance and oxygen power

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for these ships, eventually nicknamed "Long Lance" by the Allies. This type used compressed oxygen instead of compressed air, allowing it to achieve ranges and speeds unmatched by other torpedoes. It could achieve a range of 22,000 metres (24,000 yd) at 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph),

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The rise of air power during World War II dramatically changed the nature of naval combat. Even the fastest cruisers could not maneuver quickly enough to evade aerial attack, and aircraft now had torpedoes, allowing moderate-range standoff capabilities. This change led to the end of independent

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guarded only by the small Seventh Fleet escort carrier force. The battle commenced at dawn on 25 October 1944, shortly after the Battle of Surigao Strait. In the engagement that followed, the Americans exhibited uncanny torpedo accuracy, blowing the bows off several Japanese heavy cruisers. The

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were an attempt by mercantile interests in Parliament to focus the Navy on commerce defence and raiding with cruisers, rather than the more scarce and expensive ships of the line. During the 18th century the frigate became the preeminent type of cruiser. A frigate was a small, fast, long range,

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in southern Ukraine. It was reported that the Ukrainian government invested ₴6.08 million into the ship's maintenance in 2012. On 26 March 2017, it was announced that the Ukrainian Government will be scrapping the vessel which has been laid up, incomplete, for nearly 30 years in Mykolaiv.

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s can also be used as the basis for an entire battle group. Their cruiser designation was almost certainly deserved when first built, as their sensors and combat management systems enable them to act as flagships for a surface warship flotilla if no carrier is present, but newer ships rated as

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operations by single ships or very small task groups, and for the second half of the 20th century naval operations were based on very large fleets believed able to fend off all but the largest air attacks, though this was not tested by any war in that period. The US Navy became centered around

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took place on the night of 30 November – 1 December 1942. The US had four heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and four destroyers. The Japanese had eight destroyers on a Tokyo Express run to deliver food and supplies in drums to Guadalcanal. The Americans achieved initial surprise, damaging one

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of 13 February 1942 and repaired, was further damaged by a British air attack on 27 February 1942. She began a conversion process to mount six 38 cm (15 in) guns instead of nine 28 cm (11 in) guns, but in early 1943 Hitler (angered by the recent failure at the Battle of the

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launched in 1933, new cruisers were built without torpedoes, and torpedoes were removed from older heavy cruisers due to the perceived hazard of their being exploded by shell fire. The Japanese took exactly the opposite approach with cruiser torpedoes, and this proved crucial to their tactical

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attempted to reduce the tonnage of new cruisers to 8,000 or less, but this had little effect; Japan and Germany were not signatories, and some navies had already begun to evade treaty limitations on warships. The first London treaty did touch off a period of the major powers building 6-inch or

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was launched by China in June 2017 and was commissioned on 12 January 2020 (as of 2023, 8 are in service). Despite being classified as a destroyer by its operator, many naval analysts believe that it is far too large and too well equipped to be considered a destroyer, and is classified by the

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class, despite their displacement of approximately 16,000 tons and armament with two large-caliber (155 mm) guns traditionally associated with cruisers, are classified as destroyers. Literature often emphasizes that these ships are essentially large cruisers. Similarly, Japanese large missile

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were landed on Guadalcanal and other nearby islands, beginning the Guadalcanal Campaign. This campaign proved to be a severe test for the Navy as well as the Marines. Along with two carrier battles, several major surface actions occurred, almost all at night between cruiser-destroyer forces.

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Cruisers participated in a number of surface engagements in the early part of World War II, along with escorting carrier and battleship groups throughout the war. In the later part of the war, Allied cruisers primarily provided anti-aircraft (AA) escort for carrier groups and performed shore

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tactics, while the Japanese trained extensively for nighttime torpedo attacks. Since all post-1930 Japanese cruisers had 8-inch guns by 1941, almost all of the US Navy's cruisers in the South Pacific in 1942 were the 8-inch-gunned (203 mm) "treaty cruisers"; most of the 6-inch-gunned

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to conclude that only perhaps half of cruisers would use their torpedoes in action. In a surface engagement, long-range gunfire and destroyer torpedoes would decide the issue, and under air attack numerous cruisers would be lost before getting within torpedo range. Thus, beginning with

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cruiser's immediate precursors were the light cruiser designs of the 1910s and 1920s; the US lightly armored 8-inch "treaty cruisers" of the 1920s (built under the Washington Naval Treaty) were originally classed as light cruisers until the London Treaty forced their redesignation.

1134:. Torpedo tubes and 6-inch (152 mm) low-angle guns were removed from these World War I light cruisers and replaced with ten 4-inch (102 mm) high-angle guns, with appropriate fire-control equipment to provide larger warships with protection against high-altitude bombers. 1940:) were there to meet them, along with four destroyers. This was one of only two battleship-on-battleship encounters during the Pacific War; the other was the lopsided Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944, part of the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The battleships had been escorting 475:. The first ironclads were frigates, in the sense of having one gun deck; however, they were also clearly the most powerful ships in the navy, and were principally to serve in the line of battle. In spite of their great speed, they would have been wasted in a cruising role. 2039:

hit. The Allies sank only the Japanese light cruiser, and the Japanese landed 1,200 troops at Vila. Despite their tactical victory, this battle caused the Japanese to use a different route in the future, where they were more vulnerable to destroyer and PT boat attacks.

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attacks) and the bloody but successful invasion of Tarawa. The air attacks on Rabaul crippled the Japanese cruiser force, with four heavy and two light cruisers damaged; they were withdrawn to Truk. The US had built up a force in the Central Pacific of six large, five

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indicates it retains some status as an aircraft-carrying cruiser). It is armed with missiles, but these are short-range self-defense missiles (anti-aircraft Aspide and anti-ship Otomat) and do not match the significance of its aviation capabilities. Similarly, the

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adding anti-submarine capabilities. These U.S. cruisers that were built in the 1960s and 1970s were larger, often nuclear-powered for extended endurance in escorting nuclear-powered fleet carriers, and carried longer-range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) than early

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Although their battleships were held out of surface action, Japanese cruiser-destroyer forces rapidly isolated and mopped up the Allied naval forces in the Dutch East Indies campaign of February–March 1942. In three separate actions, they sank five Allied cruisers

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destroyer was comparable in size to existing U.S. cruisers, while having the advantage of an enclosed hangar (with space for up to two medium-lift helicopters) which was a considerable improvement over the basic aviation facilities of earlier cruisers. The

2684:

cruise missile) for wide-ranging combat against land-based and sea-based targets. Naming conventions changed, and some guided-missile cruisers were classified as frigates or destroyers during certain periods or at the construction stage. All save one—USS

1948:, the Americans had major gun and armor advantages. All four destroyers were sunk or severely damaged and withdrawn shortly after the Japanese attacked them with gunfire and torpedoes. Although her main battery remained in action for most of the battle, 2752:

Literature sometimes considers ships as cruisers even if they are not officially classified as such, primarily larger representatives of the Soviet large anti-submarine ship class, which had no equivalent in global classification. Ultimately, after the

3399:

An alternative development path for guided-missile cruisers was represented by ships armed with heavy long-range anti-ship missiles, primarily developed in the Soviet Union with a focus on combating aircraft carriers. Starting in 1962, four ships of

1141:. Having sacrificed anti-ship weapons for anti-aircraft armament, the converted anti-aircraft cruisers might themselves need protection against surface units. New construction was undertaken to create cruisers of similar speed and displacement with 596:

stop shellfire, a useful degree of protection could be achieved without slowing the ship too much. Protected cruisers generally had an armored deck with sloped sides, providing similar protection to a light armored belt at less weight and expense.

2088:

The Imperial Japanese Navy's last major operation was the Battle of Leyte Gulf, an attempt to dislodge the American invasion of the Philippines in October 1944. The two actions at this battle in which cruisers played a significant role were the

3342:

One cruiser alternative studied in the late 1980s by the United States was variously entitled a Mission Essential Unit (MEU) or CG V/STOL. In a return to the thoughts of the independent operations cruiser-carriers of the 1930s and the Soviet

2059:

to a cruiser, but no losses. The Japanese lost one light cruiser and a destroyer, with four other ships damaged. The Japanese withdrew; the Americans pursued them until dawn, then returned to the landing area to provide anti-aircraft cover.

2050:

in the Solomon Islands. A Japanese heavy cruiser was damaged by a nighttime air attack shortly before the battle; it is likely that Allied airborne radar had progressed far enough to allow night operations. The Americans had four of the new

982:

secret until the Allies recovered one in early 1943, thus the Allies faced a great threat they were not aware of in 1942. The Type 93 was also fitted to Japanese post-1930 light cruisers and the majority of their World War II destroyers.

2769:-class cruisers as the core of US Navy air defense, have displacements up to 8,373 tons and nearly equal combat capabilities, carrying the Aegis system and similar missiles, albeit in smaller numbers; similarly for Japanese destroyers). 3078:-class cruisers, built in the 1980s, were originally designed and designated as a class of destroyer, intended to provide a very powerful air-defense in these carrier-centered fleets. As of 2020, the US Navy still had 22 of its newest 2431:

successors were significantly larger (5,670 tons standard versus 4,150 tons standard) due to a second Terrier launcher and greater endurance. An economical crew size compared with World War II conversions was probably a factor, as the

3271:

aircraft. Their full displacement of approximately 43,000 tons is typical for aircraft carriers. By hosting several helicopters, their primary mission was also anti-submarine warfare. The last example in service was the Soviet Navy's

2236:. The large number of cruisers built was probably due to the significant cruiser losses of 1942 in the Pacific theater (seven American and five other Allied) and the perceived need for several cruisers to escort each of the numerous 3470:

in the 1980s. It was initially somewhat ambitiously designated as a light helicopter cruiser but was reclassified as a destroyer in 1990, along with a name change. The ship and its classification reflected the ambitions of dictator

1857:, firing all torpedoes (though apparently none hit or detonated) and raking the battleship's bridge with gunfire, wounding the Japanese admiral and killing his chief of staff. The Americans initially lost four destroyers including 233:. Each type were limited in total and individual tonnage which shaped cruiser design until the collapse of the treaty system just prior to the start of World War II. Some variations on the Treaty cruiser design included the German 1703:

Along with lack of knowledge of the capabilities of the Long Lance torpedo, the US Navy was hampered by a deficiency it was initially unaware of—the unreliability of the Mark 15 torpedo used by destroyers. This weapon shared the

429:

was generally too large, inflexible, and expensive to be dispatched on long-range missions (for instance, to the Americas), and too strategically important to be put at risk of fouling and foundering by continual patrol duties.

254:

ships (aircraft carriers not being considered surface combatants, as their attack capability comes from their air wings rather than on-board weapons). The role of the cruiser varied according to ship and navy, often including

2160:, while the Japanese had 14 in (356 mm), 16 in (406 mm), and 18.1 in (460 mm) guns. Aircraft from six additional escort carriers also participated for a total of around 330 US aircraft, a mix of 1646:

Generally, the Japanese held their capital ships out of all surface actions in the 1941–42 campaigns or they failed to close with the enemy; the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November 1942 was the sole exception. The four

2461:

ER missile. The guided-missile frigates and cruisers served in the Cold War and the Vietnam War; off Vietnam they performed shore bombardment and shot down enemy aircraft or, as Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone

484:, commissioned 1865. These "station ironclads" were the beginning of the development of the armored cruisers, a type of ironclad specifically for the traditional cruiser missions of fast, independent raiding and patrol. 3190:

in 1981, the class has received a number of upgrades that have dramatically improved its members' capabilities for anti-submarine and land attack (using the Tomahawk missile). Like their Soviet counterparts, the modern

1060:

were capable of both outrunning and outgunning the Panzerschiffe. They were seen in the 1930s as a new and serious threat by both Britain and France. While the Kriegsmarine reclassified them as heavy cruisers in 1940,

446:

lightly armed (single gun-deck) ship used for scouting, carrying dispatches, and disrupting enemy trade. The other principal type of cruiser was the sloop, but many other miscellaneous types of ship were used as well.

6167: 2401:

anti-submarine launcher the World War II conversions lacked. The converted World War II cruisers up to this point retained one or two main battery turrets for shore bombardment. However, in 1962–1964 three additional

2420:. These had two Talos and two Tartar launchers plus ASROC and two 5-inch (127 mm) guns for self-defense, and were primarily built to get greater numbers of Talos launchers deployed. Of all these types, only the 2112:, one heavy cruiser, and four destroyers. They were followed at a considerable distance by another small force of two heavy cruisers, a small light cruiser, and four destroyers. Their goal was to head north through 1699:

torpedoes. Destroyers also participated heavily on both sides of these battles and provided essentially all the torpedoes on the Allied side, with some battles in these campaigns fought entirely between destroyers.

3656:

The following are classified as destroyers by their respective operators, but, due to their size and capabilities, are considered to be cruisers by some, all having full load displacements of at least 10,000 tons:

4249:, was decommissioned in 1958 and sold for scrapping in 1959. This light cruiser was akin to pre-WW1 light cruisers at time of commissioning and its contemporaries were gunboats; Taiwan's penultimate cruiser was 880:

6.1-inch gunned cruisers, nominally of 10,000 tons and with up to fifteen guns, the treaty limit. Thus, most light cruisers ordered after 1930 were the size of heavy cruisers but with more and smaller guns. The

6144: 3702:

destroyers. Despite their classification as a destroyer, many naval analysts feel they are in fact cruisers due to their size and armament, which are both greater than most of the world's destroyer classes.

1896:

s loss was especially tragic; the submarine's presence prevented immediate rescue, over 100 survivors of a crew of nearly 700 were adrift for eight days, and all but ten died. Among the dead were the five

1314:

gunfire and perform reconnaissance. Together with battleships, these heavy cruisers formed powerful naval task forces, which dominated the world's oceans for more than a century. After the signing of the

3417:

24 anti-ship missiles), were also developed. However, their construction was abandoned due to high costs and vulnerability to air attacks due to the shortcomings of available anti-aircraft missiles.

1676:

due to lack of high-explosive bombardment shells, poor nautical charts of the area, and high fuel consumption. It is likely that the poor charts affected other battleships as well. Except for the

1789:. The Japanese troop convoy was attacked by Allied aircraft, resulting in the Japanese subsequently reinforcing Guadalcanal with troops on fast warships at night. These convoys were called the " 8254: 1956:, and radio systems. Although her armor was not penetrated, she was hit by 26 shells of various calibers and temporarily rendered, in a US admiral's words, "deaf, dumb, blind, and impotent". 898:

in 1936. To match foreign developments and potential treaty violations, in the 1930s the US developed a series of new guns firing "super-heavy" armor piercing ammunition; these included the

826:. By the time of World War I, cruisers had accelerated their development and improved their quality significantly, with drainage volume reaching 3000–4000 tons, a speed of 25–30 knots and a 213:

By the early 20th century, after World War I, the direct successors to protected cruisers could be placed on a consistent scale of warship size, smaller than a battleship but larger than a

2630:

system but ultimately did not proceed. Several other classical cruisers from various countries were rearmed with short-range anti-aircraft systems requiring fewer modifications, such as

1828:

most part both sides stopped risking their remaining carriers until late 1943, and each side sent in a pair of battleships instead. The next major carrier operations for the US were the

1785:

On 24–25 August 1942 the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, a major carrier action, was fought. Part of the action was a Japanese attempt to reinforce Guadalcanal with men and equipment on

386:' "The Military Balance" defines a cruiser as a surface combatant displacing at least 9750 tonnes; with respect to vessels in service as of the early 2020s it includes the Type 055, the 1793:" by the Allies. Although the Tokyo Express often ran unopposed, most surface actions in the Solomons revolved around Tokyo Express missions. Also, US air operations had commenced from 1738:) with torpedoes and gunfire, against one Japanese cruiser damaged. With one other Allied cruiser withdrawn for repairs, the only remaining Allied cruiser in the area was the damaged 2838:

DE/DEG (Ocean Escort/Guided-Missile Ocean Escort) were redesignated to FF/FFG (Guided-Missile Frigates), bringing the US "Frigate" designation into line with the rest of the world.

3157:, for training purposes only. While Type 055 of the Chinese Navy is classified as a cruiser by the U.S. Department of Defense, the Chinese consider it a guided-missile destroyer. 2705:

was also the last cruiser built with a World War II-era cruiser style hull (characterized by a long lean hull); later new-build cruisers were actually converted frigates (DLG/CG

1036:

were tactically used as centers of battlefleets and not as cruisers. They were deployed by Nazi Germany in support of the German interests in the Spanish Civil War. Panzerschiff

221:

placed a formal limit on these cruisers, which were defined as warships of up to 10,000 tons displacement carrying guns no larger than 8 inches in calibre; whilst the 1930

2390:

DDGs resulted in the completion of numerous additional guided-missile ships deploying all three systems in 1959–1962. Also completed during this period was the nuclear-powered

1032:. Within the Kriegsmarine, the Panzerschiffe had the propaganda value of capital ships: heavy cruisers with battleship guns, torpedoes, and scout aircraft. The similar Swedish 875:

in 1930 then formalised the distinction between these "heavy" cruisers and light cruisers: a "heavy" cruiser was one with guns of more than 6.1-inch (155 mm) calibre. The

3360:

at Sea" effort. The project was curtailed by the sudden end of the Cold War and its aftermath, otherwise the first of class would have been likely ordered in the early 1990s.

2853:

guided-missile cruisers) to emphasize the additional capability provided by the ships' Aegis combat systems, and their flag facilities suitable for an admiral and his staff.

3479:

medium-range anti-ship missiles but lacked anti-aircraft missile armament and was equipped with two light helicopters without means for long-range anti-submarine warfare.

3448:

class) from the 1980s. These were officially classified as "heavy nuclear guided-missile cruisers". With a full displacement of up to 25,000 tons, they were armed with 20

3090:

system). However, no new cruisers of this class were being built. In the 21st century, there were design efforts for futuristic large cruisers provisionally designated as

8247: 2329:. For the longer term, it was thought that gun systems would be inadequate to deal with the missile threat, and by the mid-1950s three naval SAM systems were developed: 6325: 6467: 2626:, was used for testing anti-ship missiles but never entered service in this role. The British considered converting older cruisers to guided-missile cruisers with the 1117:. After the start of World War I, her four 120 mm main guns were landed and her four 75 mm (12-pounder) secondary guns were modified for anti-aircraft fire. 2457:

had her Talos launcher removed in a refit shortly thereafter; the deck space was used for Harpoon missiles. Around this time the Terrier ships were upgraded with the

2100:

The Battle of Surigao Strait was fought on the night of 24–25 October, a few hours before the Battle off Samar. The Japanese had a small battleship group composed of

7194: 3267:". These ships combined the architecture of cruisers and aircraft carriers and were armed with long-range anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles along with a deck for 3160: 6829: 3792:

is developing its DDX destroyer project. The 2 ships will displace 10,000 tons each, making them the largest surface combatants Italy has built since World War II.

442: 1680:

class, most Japanese battleships spent the critical year of 1942, in which most of the war's surface actions occurred, in home waters or at the fortified base of

1095:, and rumored Japanese "super cruisers", all of which carried guns larger than the standard heavy cruiser's 8-inch size dictated by naval treaty limitations, the 5023: 4997: 2026:

was fought on the night of 5–6 July. The US had three light cruisers and four destroyers; the Japanese had ten destroyers loaded with 2,600 troops destined for

972:

launched in 1925, every Japanese heavy cruiser was armed with 24-inch (610 mm) torpedoes, larger than any other cruisers'. By 1933 Japan had developed the

8240: 5759:

Although these ships were designated light cruisers at the time, the term "anti-aircraft" is used to distinguish them from larger London Treaty light cruisers.

1757:

and Midway in mid-1942, Japan had lost four of the six fleet carriers that launched the Pearl Harbor raid and was on the strategic defensive. On 7 August 1942

1145:, which offered good anti-aircraft protection with anti-surface capability for the traditional light cruiser role of defending capital ships from destroyers. 1103:, their actual protection scheme and design resembled a scaled-up heavy cruiser design. Their hull classification symbol of CB (cruiser, big) reflected this. 740:

At around the same time as the battlecruiser was developed, the distinction between the armored and the unarmored cruiser finally disappeared. By the British

2535:

class were upgraded with the vertical launch system (VLS) for Tomahawk cruise missiles due to its modular hull design, along with the similarly VLS-equipped

952:

Initially, all cruisers built under the Washington treaty had torpedo tubes, regardless of nationality. However, in 1930, results of war games caused the US

3251:. The further development of helicopter cruisers led to the creation of ships formally classified only as cruisers but significantly larger and effectively 2777:

with equal or superior capabilities to the Soviet cruisers at the time. Because of this, in 1975 the Navy performed a massive redesignation of its forces:

2444:

s were joined by four additional classes and two one-off ships for a total of 36 guided-missile frigates, eight of them nuclear-powered (DLGN). In 1975 the

1323:

allowed large light cruisers to be built, with the same tonnage as heavy cruisers and armed with up to fifteen 155 mm (6.1 in) guns. The Japanese

3319:

vessels were originally designated 'through-deck cruisers', but have since been designated as small aircraft carriers (although the 'C' in the pennant for

1745:. Despite their rapid success, the Japanese proceeded methodically, never leaving their air cover and rapidly establishing new air bases as they advanced. 682:

vessels, including many cruisers of different sorts, calling them "a miser's hoard of useless junk" that any modern cruiser would sweep from the seas. The

6789: 1883:, and the other destroyer was attacked by aircraft but was able to withdraw. Both of the damaged US anti-aircraft cruisers were lost on 13 November, one ( 891:, launched in 1934. After building smaller light cruisers with six or eight 6-inch guns launched 1931–35, the British Royal Navy followed with the 12-gun 4920: 2148:

on 2 May 1982. She was the first ship sunk by a nuclear submarine outside of accidents, and only the second ship sunk by a submarine since World War II.

366:

Nevertheless, other classes in addition to the above may be considered cruisers due to differing classification systems. The US/NATO system includes the

2341:(short range). Talos and Terrier were nuclear-capable and this allowed their use in anti-ship or shore bombardment roles in the event of nuclear war. 864:

and an armament of guns larger than 8-inch (203 mm). A number of navies commissioned classes of cruisers at the top end of this limit, known as "

3723:

destroyers. Even if considered a destroyer, they remain significantly larger and more capable than the only definitive cruisers in USN service, the

2904:

and the Soviet submarine force could deploy numerous ASCMs. Doctrine later shifted back to overwhelming carrier group defenses with ASCMs, with the

2539:

class, these ships had anti-surface strike capabilities beyond the 1960s–1970s cruisers that received Tomahawk armored-box launchers as part of the

1624:

Six of the battleships from Pearl Harbor were eventually returned to service, but no US battleships engaged Japanese surface units at sea until the

1181:

The concept of the quick-firing dual-purpose gun anti-aircraft cruiser was embraced in several designs completed too late to see combat, including:

7099: 515:

Until the 1890s armored cruisers were still built with masts for a full sailing rig, to enable them to operate far from friendly coaling stations.

1099:

s were intended to be "cruiser-killers". While superficially appearing similar to a battleship/battlecruiser and mounting three triple turrets of

1944:, but were detached due to the urgency of the situation. With nine 16-inch (406 mm) guns apiece against eight 14-inch (356 mm) guns on 4893: 3263:

class) were built in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Initially classified as anti-submarine cruisers, they were ultimately designated as "heavy

2884:, with launchers for four SS-N-3 ASCMs and no reloads, entered service in 1967–69. In 1969–79 Soviet cruiser numbers more than tripled with ten 686:

also appeared in this era; this was a small, fast, lightly armed and armored type designed primarily for reconnaissance. The Royal Navy and the

4819: 2002:

of 1,200 drums dropped off the island were recovered. The next day the Japanese Navy proposed abandoning Guadalcanal; this was approved by the

814:

by the Germans and Japanese. In both the First World War and in the early part of the Second, they were used as convoy escorts by the British.

2325:

attacks in that war. The initial response was to upgrade the light AA armament of new cruisers from 40 mm and 20 mm weapons to twin

2313:

at the time were primarily for land attack; but by 1964 anti-ship missiles were deployed in quantity on cruisers, destroyers, and submarines.

1464: 1369:

s captain to think he faced a hopeless situation while low on ammunition and order his ship scuttled. On 8 June 1940 the German capital ships

2754: 2667: 2321:

The US Navy was aware of the potential missile threat as soon as World War II ended, and had considerable related experience due to Japanese

1605:

on 7 December 1941 brought the United States into the war, but with eight battleships sunk or damaged by air attack. On 10 December 1941 HMS

383: 288: 2558:, despite being classified as destroyers, actually have much heavier anti-surface armament than previous U.S. ships classified as cruisers. 5520: 2606:

uniquely among surface ships also being armed with Polaris strategic missile launchers, although these were never actually carried. In the

2034:. Although the Japanese sank a cruiser, they lost two destroyers and were able to deliver only 850 troops. On the night of 12–13 July, the 1550: 1904:

The Japanese transport force was rescheduled for the 14th and a new cruiser-destroyer force (belatedly joined by the surviving battleship

3314: 3146: 2880:

ASCMs with a full set of reloads; these had a range of up to 450 kilometres (280 mi) with mid-course guidance. The four more modest

351: 5306: 2523:

which had comparable anti-air capabilities to cruisers at the time, and then the DDG-47-class destroyers which were redesignated as the

2172:, six heavy cruisers, two small light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. The Japanese force had earlier been driven off by air attack, losing 1259:

bombardment. Japanese cruisers similarly escorted carrier and battleship groups in the later part of the war, notably in the disastrous

4743: 3409: 3297: 3196:

destroyers and also equipped with Aegis approach them very closely in capability, and once more blur the line between the two classes.

2493:

in the early 1980s the U.S. Navy retrofitted some of these existing cruisers to carry a small number of Harpoon anti-ship missiles and

1687:

From 1942 through mid-1943, US and other Allied cruisers were the heavy units on their side of the numerous surface engagements of the

345: 1797:, the airfield on Guadalcanal. Fear of air power on both sides resulted in all surface actions in the Solomons being fought at night. 1643:

later that month. However, on 15 September she was torpedoed while escorting a carrier group and had to return to the US for repairs.

547:. Even though the Peruvian vessel was obsolete by the time of the encounter, it stood up well to roughly 50 hits from British shells. 8289: 2584: 2567: 6299: 3097:

Formally, only the aforementioned ships are classified as cruisers globally. The latest American futuristic large destroyers of the

7449: 4834: 4264: 3335:"helicopter destroyers" are really more along the lines of helicopter cruisers in function and aircraft complement, but due to the 3127:

to a single role, anti-submarine or anti-aircraft typically, and the large "generalist" ship has disappeared from most forces. The

3082:-class cruisers in service. These ships were continuously upgraded, enhancing their value and versatility. Some were equipped with 6606: 4253:, their lone vessel in the Arethusa-class. She defected to the People's Liberation Army Navy during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. 2892:

entering service. These had launchers for eight large-diameter missiles whose purpose was initially unclear to NATO. This was the

1980:, and was successful in evading several torpedo attacks. Unusually, only a few Japanese torpedoes scored hits in this engagement. 1482:, failed due to multiple German warships grounding, but air and submarine attacks sank 2/3 of the convoy's ships. In August 1942 1041: 527:—could continue in this role. Even though mid- to late-19th century cruisers typically carried up-to-date guns firing explosive 6647: 3087: 3083: 1617: 240:"pocket battleships", which had heavier armament at the expense of speed compared to standard heavy cruisers, and the American 1916: 1658:

and other carrier forces in 1941–42. Japanese capital ships also participated ineffectively (due to not being engaged) in the

663:

Steel also affected the construction and role of armored cruisers. Steel meant that new designs of battleship, later known as

8279: 7387: 7317: 7046: 6922: 6506: 5104: 4839: 2280: 1162:

cruisers (CLAA: light cruiser with anti-aircraft capability) were designed to match the capabilities of the Royal Navy. Both

578:

as a material for construction and armament. A steel cruiser could be lighter and faster than one built of iron or wood. The

8850: 7223:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. V: The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943

6475: 2861:

In the Soviet Navy, cruisers formed the basis of combat groups. In the immediate post-war era it built a fleet of gun-armed

985:

Heavy cruisers continued in use until after World War II, with some converted to guided-missile cruisers for air defense or

721: 8284: 7494: 6145:"Historic Navy Cruiser, USS Long Beach, To Be Auctioned As Scrap Metal By Government Liquidation Starting Tuesday, July 10" 4309: 3462: 3152: 1388:

with gunfire. From October 1940 through March 1941 the German heavy cruiser (also known as "pocket battleship", see above)

856:

arms race of the early 20th century. The Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 placed limits on the construction of ships with a

4538: 1203: 852:

Naval construction in the 1920s and 1930s was limited by international treaties designed to prevent the repetition of the

4329: 3302:

is nominally designated as an aviation cruiser but otherwise resembles a standard medium aircraft carrier, albeit with a

2967: 2638:, but since these were intended only for self-defense, they are not considered guided-missile cruisers (e.g., the Soviet 2233: 6432: 4496: 3329: 4946: 4059:

until 2006, when she was forced to close due to financial difficulties. She sat in the French Navy's mothball fleet in

3641:

Maintenance and construction was costing the country US$ 225,000 per month. On 19 September 2019, the new director of

1910:) was sent to bombard Henderson Field the night of 13 November. Only two cruisers actually bombarded the airfield, as 9189: 7368: 7298: 7280: 7258: 7234: 7208: 7182: 7157: 7135: 7116: 7027: 7008: 6989: 6970: 6948: 6900: 6869: 5169: 5131: 5092: 4877: 4594: 4349: 4149: 3600: 3356: 3325: 3307: 2843: 2310: 1586: 3071:-class cruisers are also outfitted with many sensors and communications equipment, allowing them to lead the fleet. 3036: 3807: 3745: 3696: 3678: 3669: 3649: 3431:

In the 1980s, before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, only three guided-missile cruisers of the new generation

2980: 2946:

has been classified by the United States Department of Defense as a cruiser because of its large size and armament.

2384: 1824: 1351: 1340: 600: 388: 301: 144:

The term "cruiser", which has been in use for several hundred years, has changed its meaning over time. During the

1327:

class were built to this treaty's limit, the Americans and British also built similar ships. However, in 1939 the

441:—and later French and Spanish navies—subsequently caught up in terms of their numbers and deployment. The British 9055: 4829: 4441: 3140: 2824:-class guided-missile frigates (DLG), being smaller and less capable than the others, were redesignated to DDGs ( 2622:, proved ineffective as a naval system, and further conversions were abandoned. Another cruiser of this project, 2377: 501: 152:

referred to certain kinds of missions—independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding—usually fulfilled by

106: 7065: 613:, she inspired a group of protected cruisers produced in the same yard and known as the "Elswick cruisers". Her 250:

In the later 20th century, the obsolescence of the battleship left the cruiser as the largest and most powerful

8361: 5045: 3938: 3242: 1640: 777:

These vessels were essentially large coastal patrol boats armed with multiple light guns. One such warship was

7456:. Future Concepts and Surface Ship Design Group, Naval Sea Systems Command, United States Navy. Archived from 3440:

also protecting fleet formations from aircraft and submarines, was the four large nuclear-powered cruisers of

2781:

CVA/CVAN (Attack Aircraft Carrier/Nuclear-powered Attack Aircraft Carrier) were redesignated CV/CVN (although

2618:, was similarly rearmed with anti-aircraft missiles. The M-2 missiles used on it, adapted from the land-based 1509:

run because it involved cruisers on both sides. Four British destroyers and five other vessels were escorting

6695: 5074: 4045: 3909: 3539: 3235:

From time to time, some navies have experimented with aircraft-carrying cruisers. One example is the Swedish

2759: 2590: 2478: 2251: 2107: 2043: 2003: 1960:

went undetected by the Japanese for most of the battle, but withheld shooting to avoid "friendly fire" until

1905: 1794: 1731: 1389: 1370: 1216: 1100: 8747: 8027: 7200: 5077:

wrote "We a require an increase.... in all classes of cruizer" in a letter dated 20th Feb 1900. Mackay, R.

5019: 4993: 4778: 3280: 3209: 2297:

entered service in the late 1970s, the US Navy was almost entirely dependent on carrier-based aircraft and

2293:, with cruisers and battleships primarily providing anti-aircraft defense and shore bombardment. Until the 2237: 2196:

attacks were used. Due to a tragedy of errors, Halsey took the American battleship force with him, leaving

2014:

After the Japanese abandoned Guadalcanal in February 1943, Allied operations in the Pacific shifted to the

1435: 1260: 1089: 986: 843: 823: 810:

wars the Germans also used small merchant ships armed with cruiser guns to surprise Allied merchant ships.

1666:; in both cases they were in battleship groups well to the rear of the carrier groups. Sources state that 1648: 9030: 8876: 8196: 7876: 4545: 3544:

is kept in ceremonial commission as the flagship of the Hellenic Navy due to her historical significance.

3273: 3256: 2927: 2897: 2180: 2063:

amphibious operations commenced in November 1943 with a carrier raid on Rabaul (preceded and followed by

1625: 1376: 479: 357: 175:, and for scouting for the battle fleet. Cruisers came in a wide variety of sizes, from the medium-sized 7338:

Roberts, Stephen S. (1977). "The Classification of British and French Screw Cruising Ships, 1840–1900".

2101: 631:

cruiser type came to be the inspiration for combining heavy artillery, high speed and low displacement.

9077: 8459: 6735: 4388: 3990: 3771: 3578:

was ceremonially recommissioned as the flagship of the Russian Navy due to her historical significance.

3347:

class, the ship was to be fitted with a hangar, elevators, and a flight deck. The mission systems were

3303: 2578:

countries were rearmed with anti-aircraft missiles installed in place of their aft armament: the Dutch

1758: 1688: 1667: 1633: 1529: 1415: 1405: 938: 876: 664: 492: 8232: 2831:

was the first ship of this class to be re-numbered; because of this the class is sometimes called the

2658:

anti-ship missiles at the end of the 20th century, but these did not constitute its primary armament.

34: 8972: 8641: 8517: 8416: 8406: 7226: 4897: 3977: 3864: 3623: 3593: 3559: 3441: 3392: 3164: 2956: 2494: 2471: 2407: 2342: 2273: 1663: 1502: 1347: 1286: 1085: 1006: 892: 741: 478:

The French constructed a number of smaller ironclads for overseas cruising duties, starting with the

406: 372: 313: 234: 30: 7273:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. XII: Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945

2758:

the development of destroyers, this distinction has blurred even further (for example, the American

1928:, two heavy and two light cruisers, and nine destroyers approached Guadalcanal. Two US battleships ( 1915:

heavy cruiser sunk and one damaged. Although the transport force had fighter cover from the carrier

934: 9050: 9040: 8967: 8610: 8468: 7487: 4972: 4757: 4698: 4657: 4420: 3171: 2730: 2501: 2371: 1935: 1852: 1805: 1692: 1639:

was on hand for the initial landings at Guadalcanal on 7 August 1942, and escorted carriers in the

1629: 1546: 1428: 1295:

with four 5.5 in (140 mm) guns and forty 24 in (610 mm) torpedo tubes. In 1944

1210: 1196: 320: 305: 56: 7250:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. VI: Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier

3883:

As of 2019, several decommissioned cruisers have been saved from scrapping and exist worldwide as

3523:

Few cruisers are still operational in the world's navies. Those that remain in service today are:

3106: 2531:, and their flag facilities suitable for an admiral and his staff. In addition, 24 members of the 2228:

class was the largest cruiser class ever built in number of ships completed, with nine additional

584:

school of naval doctrine suggested that a fleet of fast unprotected steel cruisers were ideal for

326:

destroyer but receiving the cruiser designation due to their enhanced mission and combat systems.

8840: 8646: 8356: 7821: 6790:"Do the future Italian DDX destroyers foreshadow an evolution of combat ships? - Meta-Defense.fr" 6713: 4782: 4244: 3996: 3892: 3717: 3336: 3185: 3099: 2885: 2706: 2552: 2365: 2210: 2052: 1754: 1315: 958: 766: 412: 309: 218: 126: 7419:

Asanin, Władimir (2007). "Rakiety otieczestwiennego fłota. Czast 2. Na okienaskich prostorach".

6753: 5516: 3645: 1174:

cruisers at least were originally designed as destroyer leaders, were originally designated CL (

329:

As of 2023, only three countries operated active duty vessels formally classed as cruisers: the

312:

role. By the end of the Cold War the line between cruisers and destroyers had blurred, with the

206:

era that succeeded armored cruisers were now classified, along with dreadnought battleships, as

8835: 8722: 8686: 8681: 8507: 8411: 5679: 4761: 4492: 4471: 4457: 4413: 4368: 4240: 4217: 4169: 4085: 4022: 3949: 3932: 3925: 3803: 3692: 3636:

announced that the ship would be sold. The cruiser sits docked and unfinished at the harbor of

3573: 3421: 3252: 3004: 2916: 2881: 2862: 2736: 2615: 2391: 2069: 2035: 1993: 1929: 1829: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1602: 1449: 1267:. In 1937–41 the Japanese, having withdrawn from all naval treaties, upgraded or completed the 1182: 966: 903: 881: 606: 566: 296: 292: 191: 97: 77: 4869: 4863: 3110:

class, with a displacement of 9,485 tons and equipped with the Aegis system (derived from the

1280: 758:

Some light cruisers were built specifically to act as the leaders of flotillas of destroyers.

8922: 8871: 8767: 8671: 8666: 8386: 7093: 6861: 5479: 5310: 4288: 4176: 4127: 4113: 4015: 3828: 2789: 2724: 2527:-class guided-missile cruisers to emphasize the additional capability provided by the ships' 2470:

to intercept enemy aircraft. By 1995 the former guided-missile frigates were replaced by the

2197: 2047: 2027: 1862: 1770: 1554: 1471:

and weapons. Also, until 1943–44 the light anti-aircraft armament of most cruisers was weak.

1156: 857: 394: 83: 8464: 2326: 2157: 910: 899: 542: 9148: 8752: 8701: 8444: 8326: 8171: 7760: 7268: 7244: 7218: 4224: 4131: 4092: 3945: 3236: 2955:

send them for extended overhauls. The most recent Soviet/Russian rocket cruisers, the four

2713: 2517: 2414: 2353: 2290: 2132: 1877: 1673: 1487: 1398: 1264: 1189: 1078: 1021: 885: 787:. She displaced 110 tons, measured 60 meters in length and was armed with four light guns. 456: 400: 241: 3472: 1560:, accompanied by four cruisers and nine destroyers. One of the cruisers was the preserved 1111:

A precursor to the anti-aircraft cruiser was the Romanian British-built protected cruiser

8: 9217: 9184: 9002: 8691: 8554: 8396: 8042: 7480: 6940: 4799: 4611: 4566: 4192: 3970: 3835: 3834:. At 19,000 tons of displacement they will more than double the displacement of existing 3566: 3432: 3401: 3377: 3348: 2973: 2901: 2873: 2818:

were redesignated CG/CGN (Guided-Missile Cruiser/Nuclear-powered Guided-Missile Cruiser).

2528: 2425: 2306: 2138: 2125: 2023: 2019: 2015: 1953: 1952:

spent much of the action dealing with major electrical failures that affected her radar,

1845: 1654:

ships performed shore bombardment in Malaya, Singapore, and Guadalcanal and escorted the

1534: 1514: 1362:. By broadcasting messages indicating capital ships were in the area, the British caused 1320: 914: 872: 725: 610: 378: 222: 102: 7457: 7397:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2020). "Symbol siły US Navy. Krążowniki typu Ticonderoga. Część 1".

6614: 6349:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2016). "Niszczyciele typu Zumwalt. Okręty ery kosmicznej. Część 1".

5231: 4677: 3506:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3247:, which was converted to carry a large floatplane group in 1942. Another variant is the 3114:-class destroyers), are sometimes referred to as cruisers. Their improved versions, the 2305:

depended on anti-ship cruise missiles; in the 1950s these were primarily delivered from

1695:

fighting; they were usually opposed by strong Japanese cruiser-led forces equipped with

1120:

The development of the anti-aircraft cruiser began in 1935 when the Royal Navy re-armed

531:, they were unable to face ironclads in combat. This was evidenced by the clash between 9118: 8982: 8937: 8830: 8732: 8696: 8676: 8575: 8401: 8296: 7650: 6771: 4632: 4008: 3852: 3749: 3713: 3673: 3589: 3128: 3027:. However, their air defense capabilities are still powerful, as shown by the array of 2943: 2889: 2782: 2540: 2245: 2186: 1884: 1610: 1527:) and two destroyers were in the area. Two heavy cruisers (one the "pocket battleship" 1272: 1149: 1121: 528: 507: 367: 330: 279:. The U.S. Navy built guided-missile cruisers upon destroyer-style hulls (some called " 130: 72: 2930:, shelling and blockading the coast, but was subsequently sunk by anti-ship missiles. 341:. These cruisers are primarily armed with guided missiles, with the exceptions of the 9212: 9153: 9103: 9045: 9035: 8802: 8656: 8534: 8474: 8321: 8007: 7891: 7826: 7720: 7383: 7364: 7347: 7313: 7294: 7276: 7254: 7230: 7204: 7178: 7168: 7153: 7131: 7112: 7052: 7042: 7023: 7004: 6985: 6966: 6944: 6918: 6896: 6865: 6668: 6405: 6126: 5249: 5165: 5127: 5100: 4873: 4636: 4475: 4284: 4003: 3983: 2627: 1898: 1876:) was sunk by aircraft (or possibly scuttled), one destroyer was sunk by the damaged 1810: 1769:

On the night of 8–9 August 1942 the Japanese counterattacked near Guadalcanal in the

1655: 1442: 1137:

A tactical shortcoming was recognised after completing six additional conversions of

953: 802: 796: 710: 556: 539: 463: 284: 276: 268: 260: 251: 176: 6651: 3074:

The United States Navy has centered on the aircraft carrier since World War II. The

2938: 1381:, classed as battleships but with large cruiser armament, sank the aircraft carrier 9138: 9072: 9025: 9007: 8957: 8787: 8651: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8492: 8348: 8306: 8301: 8032: 7921: 7906: 7816: 7730: 7625: 7615: 6673: 6671:[The new head of Ukroboronprom is thinking to sell the cruiser "Ukraina"]. 6326:"Congress aims to strip funding for the US Navy's next-gen large surface combatant" 5119: 4824: 4392: 3290: 3264: 3230: 3219: 2991: 2987: 2900:

to get within range of the United States in the event of nuclear war. By this time

2631: 2090: 1833: 1659: 1521: 1142: 1128: 585: 426: 342: 280: 229:

having 6.1 inches to 8 inch guns, while those with guns of 6.1 inches or less were

172: 171:

came to be a classification of the ships intended for cruising distant waters, for

122: 7328: 7305: 2772:

Frigates under this scheme were almost as large as the cruisers and optimized for

1394:

conducted a successful commerce-raiding voyage in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

9062: 8992: 8917: 8815: 8549: 8529: 8497: 8454: 8421: 8366: 8311: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8062: 7946: 7412:

Sowietskij WMF 1945-1995. Kriejsiera, bolszyje protiwołodocznyje korabli, esmincy

7248: 7145: 7076:(1). Toledo, OH: International Naval Research Organization: 47–62. Archived from 6958: 6932: 6910: 6893:

The Japanese Navy in World War II: In the Words of Former Japanese Naval Officers

6739: 5651: 4726: 4590: 4573: 4517: 4409: 4250: 4196: 3965: 3040: 2923: 2877: 2678: 2561: 2458: 2334: 2294: 2064: 1973: 1775: 1709: 1705: 1458: 1292: 1236: 1222: 1138: 1024:. All three ships were launched between 1931 and 1934, and served with Germany's 978: 973: 806: 753: 658: 646: 640: 532: 184: 180: 7447: 6888: 6241:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2019). "Japońska tarcza. Niszczyciele rakietowe typu Maya".

4711:, which was decommissioned in 1950 and stricken from the Naval Register in 1954. 363:

was the last gun cruiser in service, serving with the Peruvian Navy until 2017.

8932: 8927: 8912: 8782: 8544: 8381: 8206: 8022: 7972: 7831: 7700: 7690: 7655: 5018: 4992: 4165: 4081: 3916: 3648:

announced that the ship will be sold. Her current status is unknown due to the

3619: 3024: 2866: 2681: 2338: 2121: 2113: 2073: 1889:) torpedoed by a Japanese submarine, and the other sank on the way to repairs. 1869: 1229: 865: 247:, which was a scaled-up heavy cruiser design designated as a "cruiser-killer". 2424:

DLGs were selected as the design basis for further production, although their

1016:("armored ships"), a form of heavily armed cruiser, designed and built by the 965:

victories in most of the numerous cruiser actions of 1942. Beginning with the

779: 9206: 9168: 9163: 9128: 9113: 9067: 8977: 8962: 8820: 8762: 8757: 8661: 8539: 8524: 8512: 8502: 8391: 8371: 8151: 8047: 7936: 7871: 7866: 7836: 7600: 7590: 7570: 7351: 6853: 6409: 6130: 4921:"All You Need To Know About Italy's F-35 Carrier That Just Arrived In The US" 4615: 4534: 4513: 4345: 4099: 3920: 3642: 3633: 3535: 3454: 3139:

are the only remaining navies which operate active duty cruisers. Italy used

3060: 3028: 2893: 2773: 2346: 2330: 2145: 1872:

found the damaged battleship and two destroyers in the area. The battleship (

1790: 1510: 1495: 1305: 1175: 1113: 929: 784: 735: 699: 683: 676: 524: 230: 226: 199: 7056: 4460:

surrendered all its remaining cruisers to the Allies following World War II.

3383: 3032: 2602:

anti-aircraft missiles. The others received American Terrier missiles, with

2301:

for conventionally attacking enemy warships. Lacking aircraft carriers, the

2268: 9123: 9108: 8947: 8942: 8881: 8825: 8792: 8625: 8620: 8426: 7962: 7931: 7911: 7886: 7740: 7472: 7310:

Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two

7174: 6754:"Sejong the Great Class Guided Missile Destroyer | Military-Today.com" 4746:

lost its entire fleet upon its reintegration into the Soviet Union in 1921.

4694: 4673: 4653: 4437: 4364: 4213: 4145: 4116:

lost its entire navy following the Empire's collapse following World War I.

3824: 3789: 3555: 3449: 3136: 3132: 3056: 2999: 2865:, but replaced these beginning in the early 1960s with large ships called " 2467: 2046:

was fought on the night of 1–2 November 1943, immediately after US Marines

1681: 1581: 1475: 1382: 1331:

s were refitted as heavy cruisers with ten 203 mm (8.0 in) guns.

1310: 1029: 1025: 1017: 687: 621:

and the wooden board deck had been removed, replaced with an armored deck.

589: 334: 207: 183:

that were nearly as big (although not as powerful or as well-armored) as a

157: 134: 6607:"ISTORIC Distrugătorul Mărăşeşti. Asul de treflă al Marinei Regale Române" 838: 198:, the armored cruiser evolved into a vessel of similar scale known as the 9158: 8997: 8896: 8772: 8727: 8449: 8191: 8141: 8111: 8057: 8017: 8012: 7982: 7977: 7926: 7901: 7896: 7785: 7745: 7710: 7695: 7675: 7660: 7525: 7520: 4859: 4562: 4384: 4325: 4305: 4060: 3958: 3884: 3766: 3476: 3215: 2607: 2360:(CAG), with conversions completed in 1955–56. Further conversions of six 2302: 2209:

The US built cruisers in quantity through the end of the war, notably 14

2165: 2161: 1713: 1561: 1533:), accompanied by six destroyers, attempted to intercept the convoy near 1513:

from the UK to the Murmansk area. Another British force of two cruisers (

994: 853: 580: 520: 256: 203: 195: 145: 63: 8615: 3151:

as of 2023; France operated a single helicopter cruiser until May 2010,

2006:

on 31 December and the Japanese left the island in early February 1943.

9143: 8952: 8886: 8436: 8336: 8263: 8262: 8072: 8037: 7997: 7841: 7780: 7750: 7645: 7580: 7540: 4722: 4705: 3064: 2825: 2619: 2298: 1696: 1355: 990: 614: 438: 434: 187: 138: 7275:. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition. 2574:

Following the American example, three smaller light cruisers of other

9017: 8891: 8706: 8600: 8580: 8221: 8106: 8002: 7967: 7916: 7881: 7856: 7755: 7680: 7555: 7333:. Washington, DC: US Navy Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy. 7077: 6377:

Schiele, Marcin (2000). "Japońskie fregaty rakietowe typu Murasame".

6117:

Pacholski, Łukasz (2017). "Koniec epoki krążowników artyleryjskich".

4803: 4268: 4028: 3413: 3177: 1786: 1590: 618: 487: 214: 6830:"The U.S. Navy is Building Cruisers—It's Just Not Calling Them That" 3870:. Displacing 12,000 tons, much greater than their predecessors, the 2500:

The line between U.S. Navy cruisers and destroyers blurred with the

9133: 8866: 8737: 8376: 8331: 8146: 7992: 7846: 7765: 7725: 7670: 7630: 7585: 7530: 4052: 3637: 3020: 2951: 2192: 1506: 1491: 1421: 472: 264: 121:. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after 7450:"Historical Review of Cruiser Characteristics, Roles and Missions" 6891:(1986). "The Struggle for Guadalcanal". In Evans, David C. (ed.). 5073:

The alternative spelling could be found at least as late as 1900:

5024:

Russian Federation Navy: 2019 Recognition and Identification Guide

4809:

was captured by Germany during the Invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941.

3466:, with a displacement of 5,790 tons, was constructed and built in 3094:, but the program was canceled in 2010 due to budget constraints. 3059:

missiles for anti-ship warfare. For target acquisition beyond the

1596: 1410:

with torpedoes, probably causing the Germans to scuttle the ship.

9087: 8987: 8845: 8742: 8605: 8267: 8211: 8161: 8126: 8121: 8101: 8067: 8052: 7957: 7861: 7705: 7685: 7640: 7620: 7565: 7560: 7550: 7545: 6628:

Grotnik, Tomasz (2007). "Mărăşeşti. Stara fregata w nowej roli".

3899: 3467: 3412:

missile launchers with a range of 250 km and a twin launcher for

3048: 2599: 2031: 1998: 1359: 827: 561: 153: 118: 6803: 6772:"Zumwalt Class Guided Missile Cruiser | Military-Today.com" 3368: 3015:-class heavy missile cruisers are used for command purposes, as 989:

and some used for shore bombardment by the United States in the

9082: 8810: 8777: 8216: 8156: 8131: 8077: 7775: 7635: 7515: 6858:

6834: 5393:

Friedman, Norman "Anti-Aircraft Cruisers: The Life of a Class"

5362:

Friedman, Norman "Anti-Aircraft Cruisers: The Life of a Class"

4056: 3871: 3860: 3769:

announced that between 8 and 10 ships would be built under the

3268: 3204: 3044: 2655: 2595: 1301: 291:) primarily designed to provide air defense while often adding 93:

class was the last class of nuclear-powered cruisers in the US.

7432:

Rochowicz, Robert (2018). "Krążowniki atomowe projektu 1144".

7380:

Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Super Battleship

6714:"Ukraine Invested UAH 6 mln in Maintenance of Ukraina Cruiser" 6669:"Новий глава Укроборонпрому задумав продати крейсер "Україна"" 5124:

The Command of the Ocean, A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815

3475:

amid limited industrial capabilities. It carried eight Soviet

2962:

battlecruisers, were built in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the

1459:

Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean operations 1942–1944

1148:

The first purpose built anti-aircraft cruiser was the British

8570: 8166: 8116: 8096: 7987: 7795: 7790: 7770: 7735: 7665: 7610: 7605: 7575: 4359: 4032: 3903: 3859:-class destroyer undergoing sea trials and is developing its 3352: 3286: 3091: 3008:

of Project 1164 sank after being hit by a Ukrainian missile.

2986:

which is officially designated as a cruiser, specifically a "

2635: 2463: 2398: 2168:

torpedo bombers. The Japanese had four battleships including

2117: 1468: 1084:

represented the supersized cruiser design. Due to the German

575: 338: 7448:

Philip Sims; Michael Bosworth; Chris Cable; Howard Fireman.

7197:, vol. III: The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931 – April 1942 6895:(2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 2594:. Only the French ship, rebuilt last in 1972, also received 2349:

is credited with speeding the development of these systems.

519:

for work in distant colonies. The unarmored cruiser—often a

8201: 8136: 8088: 7800: 7715: 7595: 7535: 3457:", although this designation lacks official justification. 3255:. In the Soviet Union, a series of unusual hybrid ships of 2575: 2383:

as guided-missile "frigates" (DLG), and development of the

1585:

Barents Sea) ordered her disarmed and her armament used as

272: 3778:. The destroyers will displace from 10,000 to 13,000-tons. 2876:

entered service; these had launchers for eight long-range

2507:. While originally designed for anti-submarine warfare, a 1549:. The British force that sank her was led by Vice Admiral 437:

was noted for its cruisers in the 17th century, while the

129:, and can usually perform several operational roles from 7195:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

7039:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

7017: 6696:"Абромавичус пропонує продати ракетний крейсер "Україна"" 3145:

until 2003 (decommissioned in 2006) and continues to use

1976:

to hopefully draw the Japanese away from Guadalcanal and

861: 6852: 6507:"Meet the Helicopter-Cruiser: The Half Aircraft Carrier" 1178:), and did not receive the CLAA designation until 1949. 7377: 6998: 6396:

Wieliczko, Leszek (2017). "Flota Wschodzącego Słońca".

2516:

hull design was used as the basis for two classes; the

1972:, finally spotted by the Japanese, then headed for the 1545:

was sunk while attempting to intercept a convoy in the

1020:

in nominal accordance with restrictions imposed by the

6965:(Revised ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4154:

to France following the abolition of its navy in 1920.

2966:

class is in refit, and 2 are being scrapped, with the

2598:

anti-ship missile launchers and domestically produced

1717:(152 mm) cruisers were deployed in the Atlantic. 7066:"The Loss of HMS Glorious: An Analysis of the Action" 4986: 4523:

between 1982 and 1985. The ship was scrapped in 1985.

3285:

was converted to a pure aircraft carrier and sold to

1708:

and other problems with the more famously unreliable

1339:

In December 1939, three British cruisers engaged the

7326: 6979: 6804:"Russian Future Destroyer "Grown Up" to 19,000 Tons" 5012: 3980:; the last surviving ship from the Battle of Jutland 2798:

DLG/DLGN (Frigates/Nuclear-powered Frigates) of the

2397:, with two Terrier and one Talos launchers, plus an 1684:, far from any risk of attacking or being attacked. 1589:

weapons. One 28 cm triple turret survives near

645:

The torpedo cruiser (known in the Royal Navy as the

592:

would be able to destroy an enemy battleship fleet.

7111:. Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada: Thunder Bay Press. 2436:s required a crew of only 377 versus 1,200 for the 1964:was illuminated by Japanese fire, then rapidly set 1924:On the night of 14–15 November a Japanese force of 652: 6736:"China launches Asia's biggest post-WWII warship." 3935:; still active as the flagship of the Russian Navy 3599:guided-missile cruisers in service. 5 more in the 2689:—were converted from World War II cruisers of the 2661: 7020:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 7001:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 6982:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 6881:The Second World War, vol. I: The Gathering Storm 6663: 6661: 6300:"What is the significance of the Moskva sinking?" 4373:sank due to the inexperience of her crew in 1910. 3993:; the world's oldest steel-hulled warship afloat. 1580:, damaged by a mine and a submerged wreck in the 1346:(which was on a commerce raiding mission) in the 599:The first protected cruiser was the Chilean ship 506:, completed in 1874, and followed by the British 9204: 7378:Zetterling, Niklas; Tamelander, Michael (2009). 6734:Lin, Jeffrey, and P. W. Singer (28 June 2017). 6018:"A fully illustrated guide to Modern Cruisers". 2413:cruisers were more extensively converted as the 1478:with surface ships, including the heavy cruiser 496:, the Royal Italian Navy's first armored cruiser 6168:"Historic nuclear cruiser headed to scrap heap" 5950: 5948: 5890: 5888: 5020:United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence 4994:United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence 4947:"Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1st Italian STOVL carrier" 3067:can be used. Besides a vast array of armament, 2915:After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the 1628:in November 1942, and not thereafter until the 1597:Pearl Harbor through Dutch East Indies campaign 1246:equivalent of the anti-aircraft cruiser is the 500:The first true armored cruiser was the Russian 7041:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 6658: 6159: 5938: 5936: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 4918: 4820:List of battlecruisers of the Second World War 3408:) entered service. They were armed with eight 2256:classes), and sixteen anti-aircraft cruisers ( 1968:ablaze with a jammed rudder and other damage. 1404:attempted to finish off the German battleship 1170:cruisers initially carried torpedo tubes; the 605:, launched in 1883. Produced by a shipyard at 8248: 7488: 7152:. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. 7037:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 6915:US Battleships: An Illustrated Design History 6887: 5053:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4348:decommissioned its last active duty cruiser, 2856: 2668:United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification 2204: 1720: 538:, a modern British cruiser, and the Peruvian 384:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7502: 7098:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7018:Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen (1995). 6963:US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History 6937:U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History 5945: 5885: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5587: 5585: 5583: 4944: 4896:(in Italian). 11 August 2016. Archived from 3306:battery. The Royal Navy's aircraft-carrying 2972:in active service. Russia also operates two 2646:of Project 68U). The Peruvian light cruiser 1541:On 26 December 1943 the German capital ship 1455:in the Indian Ocean near Western Australia. 1000: 822:Cruisers were one of the workhorse types of 7414:. Morskaja Kollekcyja (in Russian). 1/1995. 7036: 5933: 5867: 5833: 5831: 5731: 4970: 2922:of Project 1164 became the flagship of the 2741:classes) or uprated destroyers (the DDG/CG 1691:, the Guadalcanal Campaign, and subsequent 1299:was further converted to carry up to eight 911:8-inch (203 mm)/55 caliber gun Mark 12 900:6-inch (152 mm)/47 caliber gun Mark 16 574:In the 1880s, naval engineers began to use 15: 8255: 8241: 7495: 7481: 7409: 7330:US Navy Bureau of Ordnance in World War II 7170:Left to Die: The Tragedy of the USS Juneau 6999:Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980). 5803: 5801: 5603: 2440:-class conversions. Through 1980, the ten 2131:, was transferred to Argentina in 1951 as 690:were the primary developers of this type. 16: 7431: 7293:(2nd Edition). Leo Cooper, London, 1990. 7064:Howland, Vernon W., Captain, RCN (1994). 6883:(1st ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 6878: 6504: 6395: 6116: 5690: 5680:"HyperWar: Disaster at Savo Island, 1942" 5635: 5621: 5594: 5580: 5395:United States Naval Institute Proceedings 5364:United States Naval Institute Proceedings 5292: 5290: 3313:and the Italian Navy's aircraft-carrying 2842:Also, a series of Patrol Frigates of the 2795:never embarked anti-submarine squadrons). 2316: 2137:, becoming most famous for being sunk by 1106: 7396: 6957: 6931: 6909: 6348: 6240: 6065:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 109, 199, 272 5828: 4835:List of cruisers of the Second World War 4704:in 1948; they retained a battlecruiser, 4265:Navy of the Independent State of Croatia 3382: 3367: 3203: 3159: 3039:missiles. For longer range targets, the 2937: 2560: 2267: 2220:-class light cruisers, along with eight 933: 837: 765: 720: 560: 486: 96: 71: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 7337: 7327:Rowland, Buford; Boyd, William (1954). 7312:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. 7267: 7243: 7217: 7191: 7166: 7144: 7106: 7063: 6980:Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (1985). 6627: 6580: 6578: 6559: 6557: 6529: 6527: 6468:"Portaeromobili (LHA) Classe Garibaldi" 6453: 6451: 6449: 6376: 6294: 6292: 6286:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 345, 381–382 6236: 6234: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6205:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 551–555, 580 5798: 4744:Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic 3874:ships will be cruisers in all but name. 3002:supersonic AShMs. In 2022, the cruiser 2158:5 in (127 mm)/38 caliber guns 1748: 1334: 1242:, all completed between 1959 and 1961. 295:, being larger and having longer-range 225:created a divide of two cruiser types, 202:. The very large battlecruisers of the 14: 9205: 7418: 6743:(PopSci.com). Retrieved 17 July 2019. 6592: 6590: 6323: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6166:Censer, Marjorie (18 September 2012). 6165: 6094: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6061: 6059: 5612: 5514: 5505:Zetterling and Tamelander, pp. 150–152 5325: 5287: 4858: 3919:; still active as the flagship of the 3420:The next built type was four ships of 3170:cruiser's design was based on that of 2352:Terrier was initially deployed on two 2076:prior to commencing these operations. 1155:, completed in 1940–42. The US Navy's 761: 471:The 1860s saw the introduction of the 8236: 7476: 7358: 6253: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6026:(30). London: Orbis Publishing. 1984. 5515:Kappes, Irwin J. (23 February 2010). 5232:"USA 8"/55 (20.3 cm) Marks 12 and 15" 5090: 4840:List of ships of the Second World War 4412:decommissioned its only cruiser, the 4063:until she was sold for scrap in 2014. 3731: 3572:guided-missile cruisers, the cruiser 1753:After the key carrier battles of the 1490:, a solo raid into northern Russia's 1474:In July 1942 an attempt to intercept 790: 670: 267:the Soviet Navy's cruisers had heavy 7363:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 7150:Pursuit: The Sinking of the Bismarck 7125: 6917:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 6575: 6563:Gardiner & Chumbley, pp. 380–382 6554: 6524: 6446: 6289: 6231: 6208: 5351:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I 5183:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I 5099:. Taylor & Francis. p. 80. 3486: 3395:– visible vertical missile launchers 3339:, must be designated as destroyers. 3199: 2327:3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun mounts 2263: 1420:) previously sank the battlecruiser 1065:-class ships continued to be called 6587: 6194: 6185: 6089: 6077: 6056: 5999:Friedman cruisers, pp. 398–400, 412 4919:Thomas Newdick (15 February 2021). 4273:was handed over to Germany in 1943. 4067: 3453:they are sometimes referred to as " 3043:is used. For closer range targets, 2933: 2224:-class anti-aircraft cruisers. The 2009: 1463:Twenty-three British cruisers were 833: 747: 634: 167:In the middle of the 19th century, 48: 7304: 6433:"2017 China Military Power Report" 6191:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 380–382 6053:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 581–585 6042: 6030: 6008:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 580–585 5873:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 350–354 4130:decommissioned both its surviving 3363: 2311:submarine-launched cruise missiles 2272:Russian Navy battlecruiser of the 2116:and attack the invasion fleet off 2093:and the Battle of Surigao Strait. 1985:beached, and they were destroyed. 1618:sunk by land-based torpedo bombers 1498:but otherwise had little success. 1450:engagement with the German raider 1414:(accompanied by the heavy cruiser 693: 49: 9229: 7441: 7361:Japanese Warships of World War II 7022:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 7003:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 6984:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 5591:Friedman battleships, pp. 345–347 5194:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 2, 167 4781:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4760:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4697:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4676:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4656:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4614:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4593:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4516:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4495:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4474:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4440:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4328:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4308:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4287:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4038: 4018:; the world's last heavy cruiser. 3827:is to build an unknown number of 3326:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 3184:In the years since the launch of 3051:CIWSs are used. Aside from that, 2672:Prior to the introduction of the 2030:to oppose a recent US landing on 1202:cruisers, completed in 1947; two 923: 716: 550: 449: 6822: 6796: 6782: 6764: 6746: 6728: 6706: 6688: 6640: 6621: 6599: 6566: 6545: 6536: 6498: 6489: 6460: 6425: 6416: 6389: 6370: 6361: 6342: 6317: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6222: 6137: 6110: 5963:Friedman destroyers, pp. 300–304 5921:Friedman destroyers, pp. 297–298 5912:Friedman destroyers, pp. 293–294 5864:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 33–35 5641:Friedman destroyers, pp. 168–172 5523:from the original on 7 June 2011 5221:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 30–31 4792: 4771: 4750: 4736: 4725:decommissioned its last cruiser 4715: 4687: 4666: 4646: 4635:decommissioned its only cruiser 4625: 4604: 4583: 4579:, to the United Kingdom in 1946. 4555: 4527: 4506: 4485: 4464: 4450: 4430: 4402: 4377: 4358: 4338: 4318: 4298: 4277: 4257: 4233: 4206: 4185: 4158: 4138: 4120: 4106: 4074: 3845: 3817: 3796: 3782: 3759: 3738: 3706: 3685: 3679:United States Defense Department 3662: 3650:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3612: 3582: 3548: 3528: 3491: 2926:and in 2022 participated in the 2156:guns in the American force were 1825:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 1820:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 1505:was fought, a rare action for a 1352:German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee 1072: 653:Pre-dreadnought armored cruisers 419: 6101: 6068: 6011: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5975: 5972:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 154, 214 5966: 5957: 5924: 5915: 5906: 5897: 5876: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5819: 5810: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5762: 5753: 5722: 5713: 5704: 5672: 5663: 5644: 5571: 5562: 5553: 5544: 5535: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5472: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5356: 5343: 5334: 5307:"Torpedo History: Torpedo Mk15" 5299: 5278: 5269: 5260: 5242: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5197: 5188: 5175: 5154: 5145: 5136: 5113: 5084: 4830:List of cruisers of World War I 3878: 3755:to its fleet for a total of 16. 1253: 8362:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 8087:Unpowered vessels and smaller 7436:(in Polish). Warsaw: Magnum X. 7192:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). 6856:; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). 6505:David Axe (23 February 2019). 5981:Friedman cruisers, p. 398, 422 5954:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 213–217 5942:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 153–155 5894:Friedman cruisers, pp. 378–382 5882:Friedman cruisers, pp. 361–362 5701:Friedman cruisers, pp. 316–321 5632:Friedman cruisers, pp. 312–315 5600:Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 54 5375:Friedman cruisers, pp. 224–229 5353:, Military Press, 1990, p. 294 5340:Friedman cruisers, pp. 286–305 5275:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 136–138 5266:Friedman cruisers, pp. 217–220 5185:, Military Press, 1990, p. 295 5162:War at Sea in the Ironclad Age 5067: 5038: 4964: 4945:Dreadnaughtz (17 March 2023). 4938: 4912: 4886: 4852: 4098:was sunk in action during the 2998:) due to her complement of 12 1782:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 1641:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 817: 565:The Russian protected cruiser 319:cruiser using the hull of the 13: 1: 8280:Naval ship classes in service 7454:SFAC Report Number 9030-04-C1 7410:Bierieżnoj, Siergiej (1995). 7109:The World's Great Battleships 6613:(in Romanian). Archived from 6495:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 204 6277:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 381 6268:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 380 6228:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 592 6107:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 504 6074:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 199 5990:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 552 5795:Evans and Tanaka, pp. 208–209 5669:Morison vol. III, pp. 292–293 5550:Garzke and Dulin, pp. 148–150 5541:Garzke and Dulin, pp. 167–175 5250:"USA 6"/47 (15.2 cm) Mark 16" 5212:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 190 4998:PLA Navy Identification Guide 4845: 3863:project to replace the aging 3746:People's Liberation Army Navy 3670:People's Liberation Army Navy 3269:vertical take-off and landing 3031:missiles they carry, from 44 2083: 2044:Battle of Empress Augusta Bay 2004:Imperial General Headquarters 1209:cruisers, completed in 1953; 884:began this new race with the 8748:Harbour defence motor launch 8028:Rigid-hulled inflatable boat 7951:Steamships and motor vessels 7201:University of Illinois Press 6474:(in Italian). Archived from 6324:Larter, David (2020-06-26). 6039:Gardiner and Chumbley (1995) 5816:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 30 5750:Morrison vol. V, pp. 254–274 5568:Morison vol III, pp. 188–190 5126:. Allen Lane, London, 2004. 4868:. New York: Viking. p. 4779:Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela 4565:returned its lone surviving 3482: 2898:ballistic missile submarines 2677:several years including the 1436:Battle of the Denmark Strait 1354:then took refuge in neutral 1261:Battle of the Philippine Sea 1042:1937 Coronation Fleet Review 770:Romanian coastguard cruiser 7: 9031:Ballistic missile submarine 8877:Mine countermeasures vessel 7877:Mine countermeasures vessel 7382:. Havertown, PA: Casemate. 6879:Churchill, Winston (1948). 6716:. rusnavy.com. 9 April 2012 6385:(20). Warsaw: Magnum X: 12. 6147:. PR Newswire. 12 June 2012 5903:Friedman destroyers, p. 301 5786:Morison vol. V, pp. 318–321 5777:Morison vol. V, pp. 299–307 5710:Morison vol. V, pp. 156–160 5656:, which previously engaged 5618:Rowland and Boyd, pp. 93–94 5517:"Battle of the Barents Sea" 5433:Churchill 1948, pp. 525–526 5254:www.navweaps.com – NavWeaps 5236:www.navweaps.com – NavWeaps 5046:"The Military Balance 2022" 4813: 4148:returned its only cruiser, 3910:Greek armored cruiser 3241:. Another was the Japanese 2996:тяжелый авианесущий крейсер 1851:closed with the battleship 1840:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 1626:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 1427:and damaged the battleship 1341:German "pocket battleship" 1040:represented Germany in the 902:introduced with the 15-gun 665:pre-dreadnought battleships 293:anti-submarine capabilities 10: 9234: 9078:Submarine aircraft carrier 8460:Pre-dreadnought battleship 8270:in 19th and 20th centuries 7359:Watts, Anthony J. (1973). 6846: 6677:(in Ukrainian). 2019-09-19 3991:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 3891:A floating replica of the 3607:The following is laid up: 3304:surface-to-surface missile 3228: 2857:Soviet cruiser development 2755:1975 classification reform 2665: 2376:classes), redesign of the 2205:Wartime cruiser production 1721:Dutch East Indies campaign 1689:Dutch East Indies campaign 927: 877:Second London Naval Treaty 824:warship during World War I 794: 751: 733: 697: 674: 656: 638: 554: 271:armament designed to sink 160:, which functioned as the 53: 9177: 9096: 9016: 8973:General stores issue ship 8905: 8859: 8801: 8715: 8642:Amphibious transport dock 8634: 8563: 8483: 8435: 8417:Merchant aircraft carrier 8407:Interdiction Assault Ship 8347: 8275: 8086: 7945: 7809: 7508: 7227:Little, Brown and Company 6943:: Naval Institute Press. 5930:Bauer and Roberts, p. 211 5384:Bauer and Roberts, p. 150 5284:Friedman cruisers, p. 150 5203:Friedman cruisers, p. 164 5164:. Cassell, London, 2000. 4971:John Slater (June 2011). 3978:Belfast, Northern Ireland 3500:This article needs to be 3084:ballistic missile defense 2995: 2654:) was rearmed with eight 2343:Chief of Naval Operations 1836:, both in November 1943. 1503:Battle of the Barents Sea 1448:sank in a mutually fatal 1348:Battle of the River Plate 1221:, completed in 1959; and 1195:, completed in 1949; two 1001:German pocket battleships 306:guided-missile destroyers 190:. With the advent of the 9051:Deep-submergence vehicle 9041:Cruise missile submarine 8968:Fast combat support ship 8611:Guided-missile destroyer 8469:Standard-type battleship 7509:Sailing vessels and rigs 7503:Types of ships and boats 7405:(197). Warsaw: Magnum X. 7107:Jackson, Robert (2000). 5825:Morison, vol. VI, p. 322 5650:The British cruiser was 4758:National Navy of Uruguay 4537:decommissioned its last 4216:decommissioned its last 4168:decommissioned its last 2886:Kresta II-class cruisers 2749:-class destroyer hull). 2495:Tomahawk cruise missiles 2307:heavy land-based bombers 2097:Battle of Surigao Strait 1806:Battle of Cape Esperance 1801:Battle of Cape Esperance 1736:Australian, and American 1630:Battle of Surigao Strait 1547:Battle of the North Cape 1538:other side's torpedoes. 1501:On 31 December 1942 the 275:carrier task-forces via 127:amphibious assault ships 62:Not to be confused with 57:Cruiser (disambiguation) 31:latest accepted revision 8647:Amphibious warfare ship 8357:Amphibious assault ship 7822:Amphibious assault ship 7421:Tiechnika i Woorużenije 6648:"Naval Vessel Register" 5559:Morison vol III, p. 158 5097:The Language of Sailing 5091:Mayne, Richard (2000). 3337:Treaty of San Francisco 3253:light aircraft carriers 2882:Kresta I-class cruisers 2810:classes along with USS 2453:s were decommissioned. 2364:-class cruisers (CLG) ( 2260:class) during the war. 2234:light aircraft carriers 1816:scheduled on the 13th. 609:, in Britain, owned by 443:Cruiser and Convoy Acts 310:short-range air defense 297:surface-to-air missiles 219:Washington Naval Treaty 8723:Armed boarding steamer 8687:Landing Ship Logistics 8682:Landing ship, infantry 8508:Guided missile cruiser 8412:Light aircraft carrier 7434:Morze, Statki i Okręty 7399:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6776:www.military-today.com 6758:www.military-today.com 6630:Nowa Technika Wojskowa 6398:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6379:Morza, Statki i Okręty 6351:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6243:Morze, Statki i Okręty 5728:Morison vol. V, p. 171 5719:Morison vol. V, p. 169 5609:Jackson (2000), p. 128 5397:January 1965 pp. 96–97 4865:The Price of Admiralty 4493:Royal Netherlands Navy 4472:Royal New Zealand Navy 4458:Imperial Japanese Navy 4241:Republic of China Navy 3933:St. Petersburg, Russia 3804:Republic of Korea Navy 3693:Republic of Korea Navy 3396: 3387:Heavy nuclear cruiser 3380: 3226: 3181: 2988:heavy aviation cruiser 2947: 2872:In 1962–1965 the four 2571: 2317:US cruiser development 2285: 2216:heavy cruisers and 27 2036:Battle of Kolombangara 1994:Battle of Tassafaronga 1989:Battle of Tassafaronga 1830:carrier raid on Rabaul 1609:and the battlecruiser 1603:attack on Pearl Harbor 1248:guided-missile cruiser 1107:Anti-aircraft cruisers 1069:in the popular press. 1012:was a series of three 945: 882:Imperial Japanese Navy 849: 774: 731: 571: 497: 392:from South Korea, the 192:dreadnought battleship 110: 94: 51:Type of large warships 8923:Auxiliary repair dock 8872:Destroyer minesweeper 8768:Ocean boarding vessel 8672:Landing Craft Support 8667:Landing craft carrier 8387:Fighter catapult ship 7340:Warship International 7269:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7245:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7219:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7167:Kurzman, Dan (1994). 7070:Warship International 6862:Westport, Connecticut 6611:Forțele Navale Române 5484:www.naval-history.net 5079:Fisher of Kilverstone 4128:Royal Australian Navy 4114:Austro-Hungarian Navy 4016:Quincy, Massachusetts 3948:; the last surviving 3926:Russian cruiser 3893:Chinese cruiser 3386: 3371: 3355:ASW aircraft and 200 3296:. The Russian Navy's 3207: 3163: 2941: 2745:class was built on a 2662:US Navy "cruiser gap" 2564: 2271: 2198:San Bernardino Strait 1771:Battle of Savo Island 1766:Battle of Savo Island 1662:and the simultaneous 1215:, completed in 1955; 1188:, completed in 1948; 977:compared with the US 937: 858:standard displacement 841: 769: 724: 564: 490: 289:1975 reclassification 100: 75: 9149:Littoral combat ship 8702:Landing Ship Vehicle 8445:Coastal defence ship 7761:Thames sailing barge 6702:. 20 September 2019. 6596:Rochowicz, pp. 26–27 6572:Biereżnoj, pp. 13–14 5313:on 15 September 2014 5022:(19 February 2020). 4996:(19 February 2020). 4973:"Giuseppe Garibaldi" 4046:French cruiser 3946:Novorossiysk, Russia 3939:Soviet cruiser 3646:Aivaras Abromavičius 2874:Kynda-class cruisers 2765:, complementing the 2650:(formerly the Dutch 2610:, only one cruiser, 2547:ships with VLS, the 2529:Aegis combat systems 2337:(medium range), and 2048:invaded Bougainville 1832:and support for the 1749:Guadalcanal campaign 1674:Guadalcanal Campaign 1488:Operation Wunderland 1465:lost to enemy action 1441:On 19 November 1941 1434:with gunfire in the 1335:1939 to Pearl Harbor 1265:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1022:Treaty of Versailles 860:of more than 10,000 830:of 127–152 mm. 55:For other uses, see 9003:Replenishment oiler 8906:Command and support 8692:Landing Ship Medium 8555:Unprotected cruiser 8397:Flight deck cruiser 8043:Surface effect ship 7291:British Battleships 7126:Kemp, Paul (2006). 6941:Annapolis, Maryland 6864:: Greenwood Press. 6792:. 9 September 2021. 6457:Biereżnoj, pp. 8–10 6367:Lipiecki, pp. 38–39 6172:The Washington Post 5496:Rohwer, pp. 175–176 5349:John Evelyn Moore, 5181:John Evelyn Moore, 4800:Royal Yugoslav Navy 4612:Royal Romanian Navy 4540:De Zeven Provinciën 4499:De Zeven Provinciën 4387:decommissioned its 4193:Royal Canadian Navy 4178:Almirante Tamandaré 3424:(NATO designation: 3404:(NATO designation: 3351:, SQS-53 sonar, 12 2928:invasion of Ukraine 2902:Long Range Aviation 2890:Kara-class cruisers 2845:Oliver Hazard Perry 2580:De Zeven Provinciën 2024:Battle of Kula Gulf 2016:New Guinea campaign 1672:sat out the entire 1321:London Naval Treaty 1205:De Zeven Provinciën 1018:German Reichsmarine 873:London Naval Treaty 762:Coastguard cruisers 512:a few years later. 404:from Japan and the 370:from China and the 223:London Naval Treaty 103:Slava-class cruiser 21:Page version status 9119:Breastwork monitor 8983:Joint support ship 8938:Combat stores ship 8733:Coastal motor boat 8697:Landing Ship, Tank 8677:Landing Ship Heavy 8576:Convoy rescue ship 8402:Helicopter carrier 7651:Hermaphrodite brig 7616:Fore & Aft rig 6810:. 26 February 2019 6636:. Magnum-X: 77–82. 6584:Biereżnoj, pp. 7–8 6086:Biereżnoj, pp. 2–3 5855:Watts, pp. 109–113 5519:. German-Navy.De. 5366:January 1965 p. 86 5331:Watts, pp. 124–158 5055:. 28 February 2022 4951:Naval Encyclopedia 4633:South African Navy 4389:Crown Colony-class 4084:last cruiser, the 4051:was on display in 3853:United States Navy 3732:Future development 3714:United States Navy 3674:Type 055 destroyer 3590:United States Navy 3397: 3381: 3321:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3316:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3279:, whose last unit 3249:helicopter cruiser 3227: 3182: 3148:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3129:United States Navy 3104:destroyers of the 2948: 2944:Type 055 destroyer 2585:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2572: 2568:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2541:New Threat Upgrade 2286: 1834:invasion of Tarawa 1664:Aleutian diversion 1553:in the battleship 1291:were converted to 1250:(CAG/CLG/CG/CGN). 1086:pocket battleships 1067:pocket battleships 946: 850: 791:Auxiliary cruisers 775: 732: 671:Early 20th century 572: 498: 425:17th century, the 353:Giuseppe Garibaldi 299:(SAMs) than early 131:search-and-destroy 111: 95: 27: 9200: 9199: 9104:Armed merchantman 9046:Cruiser submarine 9036:Coastal submarine 8803:Fast attack craft 8657:Dock landing ship 8535:Protected cruiser 8518:Pocket battleship 8475:Treaty battleship 8465:Super-dreadnought 8349:Aircraft carriers 8297:Operational zones 8230: 8229: 7827:Armed merchantman 7721:Sailing hydrofoil 7460:on 5 January 2008 7389:978-1-935149-18-7 7319:978-1-59114-119-8 7048:978-0-87021-101-0 6924:978-0-87021-715-9 6542:Asanin, pp. 32–35 6533:Asanin, pp. 17–19 6511:National Interest 6259:Asanin, pp. 17–19 5451:Rohwer, pp. 48–65 5415:Watts, pp. 79–105 5406:Watts, pp. 99–105 5296:Watts, pp. 79–114 5106:978-1-57958-278-4 4285:Royal Danish Navy 4243:'s last cruiser, 4134:cruisers in 1949. 4004:Buffalo, New York 3898:is on display in 3832:-class destroyers 3811:-class destroyers 3521: 3520: 3473:Nicolae Ceaușescu 3299:Admiral Kuznetsov 3265:aircraft cruisers 3200:Aircraft cruisers 2982:Admiral Kuznetsov 2979:cruisers and one 2763:-class destroyers 2588:, and the French 2482:-class destroyers 2264:Late 20th century 1899:Sullivan brothers 1632:in October 1944. 1364:Admiral Graf Spee 1343:Admiral Graf Spee 1316:Washington Treaty 1143:dual-purpose guns 1038:Admiral Graf Spee 954:Naval War College 909:in 1936, and the 803:auxiliary cruiser 797:Auxiliary cruiser 711:Battle of Jutland 557:Protected cruiser 347:Admiral Kuznetsov 343:aircraft cruisers 281:destroyer leaders 277:saturation attack 269:anti-ship missile 261:shore bombardment 252:surface combatant 177:protected cruiser 162:cruising warships 123:aircraft carriers 39:17 September 2024 18: 9225: 9139:Floating battery 9073:Midget submarine 9026:Attack submarine 9008:Submarine tender 8958:Destroyer tender 8788:Submarine chaser 8652:Attack transport 8596:Escort destroyer 8591:Destroyer leader 8586:Destroyer escort 8493:Aircraft cruiser 8307:Green-water navy 8302:Brown-water navy 8257: 8250: 8243: 8234: 8233: 8033:Roll-on/Roll-off 7947:Merchant vessels 7922:Submarine tender 7907:Ship of the line 7817:Aircraft carrier 7810:Military vessels 7731:Ship of the line 7626:Full-rigged ship 7497: 7490: 7483: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7437: 7428: 7415: 7406: 7393: 7374: 7355: 7334: 7323: 7286: 7264: 7253:. Castle Books. 7240: 7214: 7188: 7163: 7146:Kennedy, Kennedy 7141: 7128:Submarine Action 7122: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7060: 7033: 7014: 6995: 6976: 6959:Friedman, Norman 6954: 6933:Friedman, Norman 6928: 6911:Friedman, Norman 6906: 6884: 6875: 6840: 6839: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6750: 6744: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6674:Ukrainska Pravda 6665: 6656: 6655: 6654:on June 5, 2011. 6650:. Archived from 6644: 6638: 6637: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6585: 6582: 6573: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6552: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6534: 6531: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6444: 6443: 6437: 6429: 6423: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6374: 6368: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6296: 6287: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6260: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6238: 6229: 6226: 6220: 6217: 6206: 6203: 6192: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6087: 6084: 6075: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6054: 6051: 6040: 6037: 6028: 6027: 6015: 6009: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5982: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5943: 5940: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5919: 5913: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5895: 5892: 5883: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5847: 5844: 5838: 5837:Morison vol. XII 5835: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5808: 5807:Morison, vol. VI 5805: 5796: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5748: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5688: 5687: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5661: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5633: 5630: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5578: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5542: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5497: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5425: 5424:Watts, pp. 70–73 5422: 5416: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5309:. Archived from 5303: 5297: 5294: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5267: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5186: 5179: 5173: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5120:Rodger, N. A. M. 5117: 5111: 5110: 5088: 5082: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5050: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4856: 4825:List of cruisers 4798: 4796: 4795: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4363: 4362: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4095:General Belgrano 4080: 4078: 4077: 4068:Former operators 3855:currently has 1 3851: 3849: 3848: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3809:Sejong the Great 3806:will add 3 more 3802: 3800: 3799: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3775:-class destroyer 3765: 3763: 3762: 3748:will add 8 more 3744: 3742: 3741: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3698:Sejong the Great 3691: 3689: 3688: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3495: 3494: 3487: 3282:Admiral Gorshkov 3231:Aircraft cruiser 3211:Admiral Gorshkov 3035:missiles to 196 2997: 2934:Current cruisers 2917:Russian cruiser 2644:Admiral Senyavin 2624:Admiral Nakhimov 2565:Italian cruiser 2490:Charles F. Adams 2386:Charles F. Adams 2244:light cruisers ( 2178: 2152:Battle off Samar 2134:General Belgrano 2091:Battle off Samar 2020:isolating Rabaul 2010:Post-Guadalcanal 1895: 1787:troop transports 1660:Battle of Midway 1575: 1494:. She bombarded 1397:On 27 May 1941, 1368: 1293:torpedo cruisers 1139:C-class cruisers 987:strategic attack 913:introduced with 842:Italian cruiser 834:Mid-20th century 748:Flotilla leaders 635:Torpedo cruisers 629: 586:commerce raiding 427:ship of the line 389:Sejong the Great 308:tasked with the 302:Charles F. Adams 181:armored cruisers 173:commerce raiding 67: 60: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9190:Sailing vessels 9173: 9092: 9063:Fleet submarine 9012: 8993:Net laying ship 8918:Ammunition ship 8901: 8855: 8797: 8711: 8630: 8559: 8550:Torpedo cruiser 8530:Merchant raider 8498:Armored cruiser 8479: 8455:Fast battleship 8431: 8422:Seaplane tender 8367:Balloon carrier 8343: 8327:Central battery 8312:Blue-water navy 8271: 8261: 8231: 8226: 8182:Outrigger canoe 8082: 7950: 7941: 7805: 7504: 7501: 7463: 7461: 7444: 7390: 7371: 7320: 7283: 7261: 7237: 7211: 7185: 7160: 7138: 7119: 7091: 7090: 7083: 7081: 7049: 7030: 7011: 6992: 6973: 6951: 6925: 6903: 6872: 6849: 6844: 6843: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6788: 6787: 6783: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6740:Popular Science 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6680: 6678: 6667: 6666: 6659: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6626: 6622: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6555: 6551:Biereżnoj, p. 6 6550: 6546: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6481: 6479: 6472:Marina Militare 6466: 6465: 6461: 6456: 6447: 6440:dod.defense.gov 6435: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6422:Lipiecki, p. 34 6421: 6417: 6394: 6390: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6362: 6347: 6343: 6334: 6332: 6322: 6318: 6309: 6307: 6298: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6258: 6254: 6239: 6232: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6209: 6204: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6176: 6174: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6102: 6098:Asanin, pp. 6–7 6097: 6090: 6085: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6052: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5911: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5754: 5749: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5691: 5684:www.ibiblio.org 5678: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5581: 5577:Morison vol XII 5576: 5572: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5460:Kennedy, p. 204 5459: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5405: 5401: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5180: 5176: 5160:Hill, Richard: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5089: 5085: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4955: 4953: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4816: 4793: 4791: 4772: 4770: 4751: 4749: 4737: 4735: 4716: 4714: 4688: 4686: 4667: 4665: 4647: 4645: 4626: 4624: 4605: 4603: 4591:Portuguese Navy 4584: 4582: 4556: 4554: 4528: 4526: 4507: 4505: 4486: 4484: 4465: 4463: 4451: 4449: 4443:Vittorio Veneto 4431: 4429: 4410:Indonesian Navy 4403: 4401: 4378: 4376: 4370:Consul Gostrück 4357: 4339: 4337: 4319: 4317: 4299: 4297: 4278: 4276: 4258: 4256: 4251:ROCS Chung King 4234: 4232: 4207: 4205: 4195:decommissioned 4186: 4184: 4159: 4157: 4151:D'Entrecasteaux 4139: 4137: 4121: 4119: 4107: 4105: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4041: 4021:Bow section of 3966:London, England 3941:Mikhail Kutuzov 3912:Georgios Averof 3881: 3868:-class cruisers 3846: 3844: 3839:-class cruisers 3818: 3816: 3797: 3795: 3783: 3781: 3760: 3758: 3753:-class cruisers 3739: 3737: 3734: 3707: 3705: 3686: 3684: 3663: 3661: 3613: 3611: 3583: 3581: 3549: 3547: 3541:Georgios Averof 3529: 3527: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3366: 3364:Strike cruisers 3233: 3202: 3142:Vittorio Veneto 3011:Currently, the 2950:The end of the 2942:China's latest 2936: 2924:Black Sea Fleet 2878:SS-N-3 Shaddock 2867:rocket cruisers 2859: 2670: 2664: 2475:-class cruisers 2468:guided fighters 2459:RIM-67 Standard 2358:-class cruisers 2319: 2295:Harpoon missile 2266: 2232:s completed as 2207: 2176: 2154: 2099: 2086: 2074:escort carriers 2065:Fifth Air Force 2012: 1991: 1974:Russell Islands 1893: 1842: 1822: 1803: 1795:Henderson Field 1784: 1776:Solomon Islands 1768: 1751: 1723: 1710:Mark 14 torpedo 1706:Mark 6 exploder 1693:Solomon Islands 1607:Prince of Wales 1599: 1573: 1461: 1431:Prince of Wales 1366: 1337: 1306:human torpedoes 1256: 1109: 1075: 1003: 979:Mark 15 torpedo 974:Type 93 torpedo 932: 926: 907:-class cruisers 866:treaty cruisers 836: 820: 799: 793: 764: 756: 754:Flotilla leader 750: 738: 719: 702: 696: 694:Battle cruisers 679: 673: 661: 659:Armored cruiser 655: 647:torpedo gunboat 643: 641:Torpedo cruiser 637: 627: 559: 553: 503:General-Admiral 452: 422: 217:. In 1922, the 185:pre-dreadnought 107:Marshal Ustinov 68: 61: 54: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 9231: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9022: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8928:Auxiliary ship 8925: 8920: 8915: 8913:Amenities ship 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8807: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8783:Steam gun boat 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8719: 8717: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8567: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8545:Strike cruiser 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8489: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8382:Escort carrier 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8353: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318:Gun placement 8316: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8294: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8260: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8207:Reaction ferry 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8023:Paddle steamer 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7973:Container ship 7970: 7965: 7960: 7954: 7952: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7832:Auxiliary ship 7829: 7824: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7701:Pocket cruiser 7698: 7693: 7691:Norfolk wherry 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7656:Jackass-barque 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7443: 7442:External links 7440: 7439: 7438: 7429: 7423:(in Russian). 7416: 7407: 7394: 7388: 7375: 7369: 7356: 7346:(2): 144–156. 7335: 7324: 7318: 7306:Rohwer, Jürgen 7302: 7289:Parkes, Oscar 7287: 7281: 7265: 7259: 7241: 7235: 7215: 7209: 7189: 7183: 7164: 7158: 7142: 7136: 7123: 7117: 7104: 7080:on 22 May 2001 7061: 7047: 7034: 7028: 7015: 7009: 6996: 6990: 6977: 6971: 6955: 6949: 6929: 6923: 6907: 6901: 6885: 6876: 6870: 6854:Bauer, K. Jack 6848: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6821: 6795: 6781: 6763: 6745: 6727: 6705: 6687: 6657: 6639: 6620: 6617:on 2018-11-11. 6598: 6586: 6574: 6565: 6553: 6544: 6535: 6523: 6497: 6488: 6459: 6445: 6424: 6415: 6388: 6369: 6360: 6341: 6316: 6288: 6279: 6270: 6261: 6252: 6230: 6221: 6219:Lipiecki, p. 8 6207: 6193: 6184: 6158: 6136: 6109: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6067: 6055: 6041: 6029: 6010: 6001: 5992: 5983: 5974: 5965: 5956: 5944: 5932: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5896: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5827: 5818: 5809: 5797: 5788: 5779: 5770: 5761: 5752: 5730: 5721: 5712: 5703: 5689: 5671: 5662: 5643: 5634: 5620: 5611: 5602: 5593: 5579: 5570: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5534: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5471: 5469:Kennedy, p. 45 5462: 5453: 5444: 5442:Howland, p. 52 5435: 5426: 5417: 5408: 5399: 5386: 5377: 5368: 5355: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5298: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5259: 5241: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5187: 5174: 5153: 5144: 5135: 5112: 5105: 5083: 5066: 5037: 5011: 4985: 4963: 4937: 4911: 4885: 4878: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4789: 4785:Mariscal Sucre 4768: 4747: 4733: 4712: 4684: 4663: 4643: 4622: 4601: 4580: 4552: 4548:Almirante Grau 4524: 4503: 4482: 4461: 4447: 4427: 4399: 4374: 4367:only cruiser, 4355: 4335: 4315: 4295: 4274: 4267:only cruiser, 4254: 4230: 4203: 4182: 4166:Brazilian Navy 4155: 4135: 4117: 4103: 4082:Argentine Navy 4069: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4040: 4039:Former museums 4037: 4036: 4035: 4019: 4006: 3994: 3981: 3968: 3956: 3936: 3923: 3917:Athens, Greece 3907: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3842: 3814: 3793: 3779: 3756: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3703: 3682: 3654: 3653: 3622:: The cruiser 3620:Ukrainian Navy 3605: 3604: 3579: 3545: 3538:: The cruiser 3519: 3518: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3455:battlecruisers 3365: 3362: 3229:Main article: 3208:Soviet Navy's 3201: 3198: 3086:capabilities ( 3025:Northern Fleet 2984:-class carrier 2935: 2932: 2863:light cruisers 2858: 2855: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2819: 2796: 2666:Main article: 2663: 2660: 2648:Almirante Grau 2582:, the Italian 2333:(long range), 2318: 2315: 2291:carrier groups 2265: 2262: 2206: 2203: 2122:crossing the T 2114:Surigao Strait 2085: 2082: 2011: 2008: 1870:Espiritu Santo 1750: 1747: 1722: 1719: 1656:raid on Ceylon 1636:North Carolina 1598: 1595: 1484:Admiral Scheer 1480:Admiral Scheer 1460: 1457: 1391:Admiral Scheer 1336: 1333: 1255: 1252: 1108: 1105: 1074: 1071: 1002: 999: 941:Salt Lake City 925: 924:Heavy cruisers 922: 835: 832: 819: 816: 795:Main article: 792: 789: 763: 760: 752:Main article: 749: 746: 734:Main article: 729:-class cruiser 718: 717:Light cruisers 715: 698:Main article: 695: 692: 672: 669: 657:Main article: 654: 651: 639:Main article: 636: 633: 555:Main article: 552: 551:Steel cruisers 549: 451: 450:Steam cruisers 448: 421: 418: 360:Almirante Grau 231:light cruisers 227:heavy cruisers 81:-class cruiser 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9230: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9170: 9169:Training ship 9167: 9165: 9164:River monitor 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9129:Drone carrier 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9114:Barracks ship 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9097:Miscellaneous 9095: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9068:Human torpedo 9066: 9064: 9061: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8988:Naval tugboat 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8978:Hospital ship 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8963:Dispatch boat 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8804: 8800: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8763:Naval trawler 8761: 8759: 8758:Naval drifter 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8714: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8662:Landing craft 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8633: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8562: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8540:Scout cruiser 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8525:Light cruiser 8523: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8513:Heavy cruiser 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8503:Battlecruiser 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8476: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8392:Fleet carrier 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8372:Battlecarrier 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8295: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8274: 8269: 8265: 8258: 8253: 8251: 8246: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7872:Landing craft 7870: 7868: 7867:Hospital ship 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7837:Battlecruiser 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601:East Indiaman 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7571:Dutch clipper 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7498: 7493: 7491: 7486: 7484: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7404: 7401:(in Polish). 7400: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7372: 7370:0-385-09189-3 7366: 7362: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7336: 7332: 7331: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7299:0-85052-604-3 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7282:0-252-07063-1 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7260:0-7858-1307-1 7256: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7236:0-316-58305-7 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7210:0-252-06973-0 7206: 7202: 7198: 7196: 7190: 7186: 7184:0-671-74874-2 7180: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7165: 7161: 7159:0-00-211739-8 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7137:0-7509-1711-3 7133: 7129: 7124: 7120: 7118:1-89788-460-5 7114: 7110: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7035: 7031: 7029:1-55750-132-7 7025: 7021: 7016: 7012: 7010:0-8317-0303-2 7006: 7002: 6997: 6993: 6991:0-85177-245-5 6987: 6983: 6978: 6974: 6972:1-55750-442-3 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6950:0-87021-718-6 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6902:0-87021-316-4 6898: 6894: 6890: 6889:Tanaka, Raizo 6886: 6882: 6877: 6873: 6871:0-313-26202-0 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6809: 6805: 6799: 6791: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6662: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6635: 6632:(in Polish). 6631: 6624: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6593: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6569: 6560: 6558: 6548: 6539: 6530: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6492: 6478:on 2020-11-12 6477: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6441: 6434: 6428: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6400:(in Polish). 6399: 6392: 6384: 6381:(in Polish). 6380: 6373: 6364: 6357:(176): 18–19. 6356: 6353:(in Polish). 6352: 6345: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6305: 6304:aljazeera.com 6301: 6295: 6293: 6283: 6274: 6265: 6256: 6248: 6245:(in Polish). 6244: 6237: 6235: 6225: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6188: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6146: 6140: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6121:(in Polish). 6120: 6113: 6104: 6095: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6071: 6062: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6025: 6021: 6014: 6005: 5996: 5987: 5978: 5969: 5960: 5951: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5927: 5918: 5909: 5900: 5891: 5889: 5879: 5870: 5861: 5852: 5843: 5834: 5832: 5822: 5813: 5804: 5802: 5792: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5725: 5716: 5707: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5666: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5647: 5638: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5615: 5606: 5597: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5574: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5502: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5403: 5396: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5365: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5337: 5328: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5293: 5291: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5184: 5178: 5171: 5170:0-304-35273-X 5167: 5163: 5157: 5148: 5139: 5133: 5132:0-7139-9411-8 5129: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5076: 5075:Jackie Fisher 5070: 5054: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4974: 4967: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4900:on 2016-08-11 4899: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4879:0-670-81416-4 4875: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4802:only cruiser 4801: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4759: 4748: 4745: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4639:General Botha 4634: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4613: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4597:Vasco da Gama 4592: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4564: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4536: 4535:Peruvian Navy 4525: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4514:Pakistan Navy 4504: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4473: 4462: 4459: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4411: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4346:Hellenic Navy 4336: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4286: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4220: 4215: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4194: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4172: 4167: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4118: 4115: 4104: 4101: 4100:Falklands War 4097: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4072: 4071: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3921:Hellenic Navy 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3826: 3815: 3813:to its fleet. 3812: 3810: 3805: 3794: 3791: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3768: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3747: 3736: 3735: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643:Ukroboronprom 3639: 3635: 3634:Ukroboronprom 3631: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3602: 3601:Reserve Fleet 3598: 3596: 3591: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3557: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3536:Hellenic Navy 3526: 3525: 3524: 3515: 3503: 3498: 3489: 3488: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3393:Project 11442 3390: 3385: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3188: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112:Arleigh Burke 3109: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061:radar horizon 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029:point defense 3026: 3022: 3018: 3017:Pyotr Velikiy 3014: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2970: 2969:Pyotr Velikiy 2965: 2961: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2940: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2894:SS-N-14 Silex 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774:anti-aircraft 2770: 2768: 2764: 2762: 2761:Arleigh Burke 2756: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2669: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2616:Project 68bis 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2549:Arleigh Burke 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2480:Arleigh Burke 2476: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2350: 2348: 2347:Arleigh Burke 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2164:fighters and 2163: 2159: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2146:Falklands War 2143: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2098: 2094: 2092: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:Tokyo Express 1788: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1730:and one each 1729: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1587:coast defence 1583: 1579: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1525: 1519: 1518: 1512: 1511:Convoy JW 51B 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1496:Dikson Island 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1179: 1177: 1176:light cruiser 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1077:The American 1073:Large cruiser 1070: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:Panzerschiffe 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014:Panzerschiffe 1011: 1009: 998: 996: 992: 988: 983: 980: 975: 971: 969: 963: 962: 955: 950: 944: 942: 936: 931: 930:Heavy cruiser 921: 919: 918: 912: 908: 906: 901: 897: 895: 890: 888: 883: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 847: 846: 840: 831: 829: 825: 815: 811: 808: 807:merchant ship 804: 798: 788: 786: 785:Romanian Navy 782: 781: 773: 768: 759: 755: 745: 743: 737: 736:Light cruiser 730: 728: 723: 714: 712: 708: 707:battlecruiser 701: 700:Battlecruiser 691: 689: 685: 684:scout cruiser 678: 677:Scout cruiser 668: 666: 660: 650: 648: 642: 632: 626: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603: 597: 593: 591: 587: 583: 582: 577: 570: 569: 563: 558: 548: 546: 545: 541: 537: 536: 530: 526: 525:screw frigate 522: 516: 513: 511: 510: 505: 504: 495: 494: 489: 485: 483: 482: 476: 474: 469: 467: 466: 461: 460: 447: 444: 440: 436: 431: 428: 420:Early history 417: 416:from the US. 415: 414: 409: 408: 403: 402: 397: 396: 391: 390: 385: 382:from Russia. 381: 380: 375: 374: 369: 364: 362: 361: 355: 354: 349: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 331:United States 327: 325: 323: 318: 316: 311: 307: 304: 303: 298: 294: 290: 287:prior to the 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 263:. During the 262: 258: 253: 248: 246: 244: 239: 237: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 209: 208:capital ships 205: 201: 200:battlecruiser 197: 193: 189: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 158:sloops-of-war 155: 151: 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 117:is a type of 116: 109: 108: 104: 99: 92: 88: 87: 82: 80: 74: 70: 65: 58: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 9124:Capital ship 9109:Arsenal ship 8948:Crane vessel 8943:Command ship 8882:Mine planter 8860:Mine warfare 8826:Missile boat 8793:Torpedo boat 8753:Motor launch 8716:Patrol craft 8621:Radar picket 8484: 8427:Supercarrier 8197:Racing boats 7963:Bulk carrier 7932:Torpedo boat 7912:Sloop-of-war 7887:Missile boat 7851: 7462:. Retrieved 7458:the original 7453: 7433: 7424: 7420: 7411: 7402: 7398: 7379: 7360: 7343: 7339: 7329: 7309: 7290: 7272: 7249: 7222: 7193: 7175:Pocket Books 7173:. New York: 7169: 7149: 7127: 7108: 7094:cite journal 7082:. Retrieved 7078:the original 7073: 7069: 7038: 7019: 7000: 6981: 6962: 6936: 6914: 6892: 6880: 6857: 6833: 6824: 6812:. Retrieved 6807: 6798: 6784: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6738: 6730: 6718:. Retrieved 6708: 6699: 6690: 6679:. Retrieved 6672: 6652:the original 6642: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6615:the original 6610: 6601: 6568: 6547: 6538: 6514:. Retrieved 6510: 6500: 6491: 6480:. Retrieved 6476:the original 6471: 6462: 6439: 6427: 6418: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6363: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6333:. Retrieved 6330:Defense News 6329: 6319: 6308:. Retrieved 6306:. 2022-04-15 6303: 6282: 6273: 6264: 6255: 6246: 6242: 6224: 6187: 6177:18 September 6175:. Retrieved 6171: 6161: 6149:. Retrieved 6139: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6103: 6070: 6023: 6019: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5959: 5926: 5917: 5908: 5899: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5821: 5812: 5791: 5782: 5773: 5764: 5755: 5724: 5715: 5706: 5683: 5674: 5665: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5637: 5614: 5605: 5596: 5573: 5564: 5555: 5546: 5537: 5525:. Retrieved 5510: 5501: 5492: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5420: 5411: 5402: 5394: 5389: 5380: 5371: 5363: 5358: 5350: 5345: 5336: 5327: 5315:. Retrieved 5311:the original 5301: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5182: 5177: 5161: 5156: 5151:Parkes, p.17 5147: 5138: 5123: 5115: 5096: 5086: 5078: 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5052: 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5014: 5002:. Retrieved 4988: 4976:. Retrieved 4966: 4954:. Retrieved 4950: 4940: 4928:. Retrieved 4925:The War Zone 4924: 4914: 4902:. Retrieved 4898:the original 4888: 4864: 4860:Keegan, John 4854: 4805: 4784: 4763: 4728: 4707: 4700: 4695:Turkish Navy 4679: 4674:Swedish Navy 4658: 4654:Spanish Navy 4638: 4617: 4596: 4575: 4567: 4547: 4539: 4519: 4498: 4477: 4442: 4438:Italian Navy 4422: 4414: 4394: 4369: 4365:Haitian Navy 4350: 4330: 4311:Jeanne d'Arc 4310: 4290: 4269: 4245: 4225: 4218: 4214:Chilean Navy 4198: 4177: 4170: 4150: 4146:Belgian Navy 4132:County-class 4094: 4086: 4047: 4023: 4010: 3998: 3985: 3972: 3960: 3950: 3940: 3927: 3911: 3894: 3887:. They are: 3885:museum ships 3882: 3879:Museum ships 3865: 3856: 3836: 3829: 3825:Russian Navy 3808: 3790:Italian Navy 3772: 3770: 3750: 3724: 3718: 3697: 3672:: The first 3655: 3629: 3624: 3606: 3594: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3556:Russian Navy 3540: 3522: 3509: 3501: 3461: 3459: 3445: 3442:Project 1144 3436: 3433:Project 1164 3430: 3425: 3422:Project 1134 3419: 3405: 3398: 3388: 3373: 3344: 3341: 3330: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3298: 3293:Vikramaditya 3292: 3281: 3274: 3260: 3257:Project 1143 3248: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3222:Vikramaditya 3221: 3210: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3172: 3165: 3154:Jeanne d'Arc 3153: 3147: 3141: 3137:Italian Navy 3133:Russian Navy 3125: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3057:P-700 Granit 3052: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3003: 3000:P-700 Granit 2981: 2974: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2949: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2905: 2871: 2860: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2784: 2771: 2766: 2760: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2673: 2671: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2623: 2611: 2603: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2524: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2489: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2393: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2322: 2320: 2287: 2281: 2274: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2238: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2191: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2151: 2150: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2087: 2078: 2061: 2053: 2041: 2013: 1988: 1987: 1981: 1978:South Dakota 1977: 1969: 1965: 1962:South Dakota 1961: 1957: 1954:fire control 1950:South Dakota 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937:South Dakota 1936: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1906: 1903: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1864: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1839: 1838: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1800: 1799: 1781: 1780: 1765: 1764: 1752: 1741: 1724: 1702: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1649: 1645: 1635: 1623: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1582:Channel Dash 1577: 1570: 1569: 1563: 1557:Duke of York 1556: 1551:Bruce Fraser 1542: 1540: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1500: 1483: 1479: 1476:Convoy PQ 17 1473: 1462: 1451: 1444: 1440: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1377: 1371: 1363: 1342: 1338: 1328: 1324: 1311:antiaircraft 1300: 1296: 1287: 1281: 1273: 1268: 1257: 1254:World War II 1247: 1244: 1238: 1231: 1224: 1217: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1191: 1184: 1180: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1150: 1147: 1136: 1130: 1123: 1119: 1112: 1110: 1101:12-inch guns 1096: 1090: 1079: 1076: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1037: 1033: 1030:World War II 1026:Kriegsmarine 1013: 1007: 1004: 984: 967: 960: 951: 947: 940: 916: 904: 893: 886: 870: 851: 845:Armando Diaz 844: 821: 812: 800: 778: 776: 771: 757: 739: 726: 706: 703: 688:Italian Navy 680: 662: 644: 624: 623: 601: 598: 594: 590:torpedo boat 588:, while the 579: 573: 567: 543: 534: 517: 514: 508: 502: 499: 491: 480: 477: 470: 464: 458: 453: 432: 423: 411: 405: 399: 393: 387: 377: 371: 365: 359: 352: 346: 328: 321: 314: 300: 249: 242: 235: 212: 168: 166: 164:of a fleet. 161: 149: 143: 135:ocean escort 114: 112: 105: 90: 85: 78: 69: 38: 29:This is the 23: 9159:Mother ship 8998:Repair ship 8897:Minesweeper 8773:Patrol boat 8728:Armed yacht 8450:Dreadnought 8437:Battleships 8264:Naval ships 8142:Dragon boat 8112:Cable ferry 8058:Train ferry 8038:Supertanker 8018:Ocean liner 8013:Lightvessel 7983:Cruise ship 7978:Cruiseferry 7927:Survey ship 7902:Royal Yacht 7897:Patrol boat 7676:Mersey Flat 7526:Bermuda rig 7521:Barquentine 6404:(181): 37. 6020:War Machine 5846:Kemp, p. 68 5142:Parkes, p.8 4894:"Garibaldi" 4678:HSwMS 4563:Polish Navy 4497:HNLMS 4385:Indian Navy 4331:Deutschland 4326:German Navy 4306:French Navy 4061:Landevennec 3999:Little Rock 3866:Ticonderoga 3767:Indian Navy 3725:Ticonderoga 3595:Ticonderoga 3512:August 2023 3193:Ticonderoga 3187:Ticonderoga 3166:Ticonderoga 3080:Ticonderoga 3076:Ticonderoga 3065:helicopters 2851:Ticonderoga 2767:Ticonderoga 2743:Ticonderoga 2691:Oregon City 2674:Ticonderoga 2612:Dzerzhinsky 2608:Soviet Navy 2545:Ticonderoga 2543:. Like the 2537:Ticonderoga 2525:Ticonderoga 2473:Ticonderoga 2409:Oregon City 2303:Soviet Navy 2166:TBF Avenger 2162:F6F Hellcat 1714:battle line 1571:Scharnhorst 1543:Scharnhorst 1417:Prinz Eugen 1401:Dorsetshire 1372:Scharnhorst 1091:Scharnhorst 1063:Deutschland 1008:Deutschland 1005:The German 995:Vietnam War 961:New Orleans 894:Southampton 854:Dreadnought 818:World War I 581:Jeune Ecole 521:screw sloop 481:Belliqueuse 407:Ticonderoga 315:Ticonderoga 257:air defense 236:Deutschland 204:World War I 196:World War I 148:, the term 146:Age of Sail 64:cruise ship 9218:Ship types 9207:Categories 9185:Ship types 9144:Guard ship 9018:Submarines 8953:Depot ship 8887:Minehunter 8073:Water taxi 7998:Hovercraft 7842:Battleship 7786:Windsurfer 7781:Windjammer 7751:Square rig 7646:Gunter rig 7541:Brigantine 7225:. Boston: 7130:. Sutton. 6814:19 January 6681:2023-12-07 6482:2020-11-01 6335:2024-05-21 6310:2024-05-21 6151:26 January 6125:(25): 26. 4846:References 4764:Montevideo 4723:Royal Navy 4680:Göta Lejon 4289:HDMS 3773:Project 18 3402:Project 58 3378:Project 58 3309:Invincible 3214:, Sold to 3055:s have 20 2888:and seven 2812:Bainbridge 2808:California 2732:California 2719:, and the 2709:Bainbridge 2703:Long Beach 2687:Long Beach 2455:Long Beach 2394:Long Beach 2373:Providence 2354:converted 2299:submarines 2185:. Admiral 2084:Leyte Gulf 2072:, and six 1970:Washington 1958:Washington 1942:Enterprise 1931:Washington 1865:Enterprise 1759:US Marines 1742:Marblehead 1697:Long Lance 1593:, Norway. 1535:North Cape 1486:conducted 1443:HMAS 1356:Montevideo 1198:Tre Kronor 991:Korean War 928:See also: 742:Town class 675:See also: 615:forecastle 493:Marco Polo 439:Royal Navy 435:Dutch navy 285:"frigates" 188:battleship 139:sea denial 76:US Navy's 8892:Minelayer 8707:Troopship 8635:Transport 8601:Escorteur 8581:Destroyer 8322:Broadside 8290:auxiliary 8285:submarine 8222:Whaleboat 8107:Bull Boat 8003:Hydrofoil 7968:Catamaran 7917:Submarine 7882:Minelayer 7857:Destroyer 7756:Tall ship 7681:Multihull 7556:Catamaran 7352:0043-0374 7271:(2004) . 6808:mil.today 6720:6 October 6410:1426-529X 6131:2543-5469 5658:Graf Spee 5093:"cruiser" 5081:, p. 242. 4806:Dalmacija 4727:HMS 4618:Elisabeta 4616:NMS 4572:cruiser, 4546:BAP 4544:cruiser, 4518:PNS 4393:INS 4391:cruiser, 4291:Valkyrien 4226:O'Higgins 4223:cruiser, 4175:cruiser, 4093:ARA 4029:La Spezia 4009:USS 3997:USS 3984:USS 3971:HMS 3959:HMS 3483:Operators 3460:The ship 3414:M-1 Volna 3291:INS 3178:destroyer 3123:defense. 3088:Aegis BMD 3037:9K311 Tor 2912:classes. 2826:USS 2792:Coral Sea 2790:USS 2783:USS 2714:USS 2707:USS 2701:classes. 2699:Cleveland 2695:Baltimore 2652:De Ruyter 2604:Garibaldi 2466:) ships, 2438:Cleveland 2404:Baltimore 2392:USS 2367:Galveston 2362:Cleveland 2356:Baltimore 2309:. Soviet 2230:Cleveland 2226:Cleveland 2218:Cleveland 2212:Baltimore 2179:s sister 2141:Conqueror 2139:HMS 2126:USS 2109:Yamashiro 2054:Cleveland 1982:Kirishima 1966:Kirishima 1946:Kirishima 1926:Kirishima 1912:Kirishima 1907:Kirishima 1878:USS 1863:USS 1846:USS 1755:Coral Sea 1740:USS 1728:two Dutch 1634:USS 1611:HMS 1591:Trondheim 1578:Gneisenau 1576:s sister 1562:HMS 1555:HMS 1522:HMS 1517:Sheffield 1515:HMS 1429:HMS 1422:HMS 1399:HMS 1383:HMS 1378:Gneisenau 1237:HMS 1230:HMS 1223:HMS 1212:De Grasse 1190:USS 1185:Worcester 1183:USS 1129:HMS 1122:HMS 1114:Elisabeta 959:USS 920:in 1937. 915:USS 625:Esmeralda 619:poop deck 611:Armstrong 602:Esmeralda 533:HMS 459:Merrimack 457:USS 455:instance 358:BAP 215:destroyer 179:to large 9213:Cruisers 9134:Flagship 8867:Danlayer 8738:Corvette 8616:Kaibōkan 8485:Cruisers 8377:CAM ship 8332:Casemate 8268:warships 8172:Lifeboat 8008:Lifeboat 7993:Fireboat 7847:Corvette 7766:Trimaran 7726:Schooner 7671:Longship 7631:Gaff rig 7586:Corvette 7531:Bilander 7464:25 March 7308:(2005). 7247:(1958). 7221:(1958). 7148:(1974). 7057:12613723 6961:(2004). 6935:(1984). 6913:(1985). 6249:: 17–18. 5521:Archived 5030:30 March 5026:(Report) 5000:(Report) 4862:(1989). 4814:See also 4788:in 1940. 4767:in 1932. 4732:in 1979. 4701:Mecidiye 4683:in 1971. 4662:in 1977. 4659:Canarias 4642:in 1947. 4621:in 1929. 4600:in 1935. 4551:in 2017. 4502:in 1975. 4481:in 1966. 4478:Royalist 4446:in 2006. 4426:in 1972. 4419:cruiser 4415:Sverdlov 4398:in 1985. 4354:in 1965. 4334:in 1990. 4314:in 2010. 4294:in 1923. 4229:in 1991. 4219:Brooklyn 4202:in 1961. 4181:in 1976. 4171:Brooklyn 4102:in 1982. 4091:cruiser 4087:Brooklyn 4053:Bordeaux 3973:Caroline 3951:Sverdlov 3681:as such. 3638:Mykolaiv 3463:Muntenia 3426:Kresta I 3372:Cruiser 3173:Spruance 3135:and the 3063:, three 3021:flagship 2952:Cold War 2822:Farragut 2814:and USS 2747:Spruance 2738:Virginia 2533:Spruance 2514:Spruance 2509:Spruance 2503:Spruance 2446:Farragut 2442:Farragut 2422:Farragut 2379:Farragut 2345:Admiral 2323:kamikaze 2253:Minotaur 2193:kamikaze 1999:PT boats 1880:Portland 1507:Murmansk 1492:Kara Sea 1452:Kormoran 1412:Bismarck 1407:Bismarck 1385:Glorious 1297:Kitakami 1288:Kitakami 1124:Coventry 1056:and HMS 993:and the 968:Furutaka 905:Brooklyn 473:ironclad 368:Type 055 322:Spruance 265:Cold War 154:frigates 150:cruising 101:Russian 91:Virginia 86:Arkansas 79:Virginia 35:reviewed 9178:Related 9154:Monitor 9088:Wet sub 8933:Collier 8851:Shin'yō 8846:PT boat 8743:Gunboat 8606:Frigate 8337:Turrets 8212:Rowboat 8187:Parisal 8177:Lighter 8162:Gondola 8147:Dredger 8127:Currach 8122:Coracle 8102:Birlinn 8068:Tugboat 8063:Trawler 8053:Towboat 7958:Airboat 7937:Trawler 7892:Monitor 7862:Frigate 7852:Cruiser 7706:Polacca 7641:Galleon 7621:Frigate 7566:Clipper 7561:Catboat 7551:Carrack 7546:Caravel 6847:Sources 6516:14 June 5768:Kurzman 5059:16 June 5004:29 July 4978:14 June 4956:14 June 4930:14 June 4904:14 June 4246:Yat Sen 4048:Colbert 3986:Olympia 3961:Belfast 3955:cruiser 3900:Dandong 3895:Zhiyuan 3857:Zumwalt 3727:-class. 3719:Zumwalt 3625:Ukraina 3502:updated 3468:Romania 3238:Gotland 3100:Zumwalt 3049:Kashtan 3023:of the 3019:is the 2992:Russian 2835:class); 2816:Truxtun 2804:Belknap 2726:Belknap 2716:Truxtun 2682:nuclear 2679:Regulus 2640:Zhdanov 2628:Seaslug 2600:Masurca 2591:Colbert 2554:Zumwalt 2335:Terrier 2222:Atlanta 2182:Musashi 2144:in the 2128:Phoenix 2032:Rendova 1732:British 1613:Repulse 1564:Belfast 1524:Jamaica 1360:Uruguay 1276:classes 1218:Colbert 1192:Roanoke 1172:Atlanta 1168:Atlanta 1158:Atlanta 1054:Repulse 1028:during 943:(CA-25) 917:Wichita 828:calibre 783:of the 780:Grivița 772:Grivița 607:Elswick 544:Huáscar 540:monitor 509:Shannon 413:Zumwalt 194:before 169:cruiser 119:warship 115:cruiser 9083:U-boat 8811:E-boat 8778:Q-ship 8564:Escort 8217:Sampan 8157:Galley 8152:Dugout 8132:Dinghy 8078:Whaler 8048:Tanker 7776:Wherry 7636:Galiot 7591:Cutter 7516:Barque 7386: 7367: 7350: 7316: 7297: 7279: 7257: 7233: 7207: 7181: 7156: 7134: 7115: 7084:9 June 7055: 7045: 7026: 7007: 6988: 6969: 6947: 6921: 6899: 6868: 6835:Forbes 6408: 6129: 5653:Exeter 5527:29 May 5480:"1945" 5317:25 May 5168: 5130: 5103: 4876: 4797: 4776: 4755: 4741: 4720: 4692: 4671: 4651: 4630: 4609: 4588: 4576:Conrad 4570:-class 4560: 4542:-class 4532: 4511: 4490: 4476:HMNZS 4469: 4455: 4435: 4417:-class 4407: 4395:Mysore 4382: 4343: 4323: 4303: 4282: 4262: 4238: 4221:-class 4211: 4199:Quebec 4190: 4173:-class 4163: 4143: 4125: 4111: 4089:-class 4079: 4057:France 4024:Puglia 3953:-class 3928:Aurora 3872:DDG(X) 3861:DDG(X) 3850: 3822: 3801: 3787: 3764: 3751:Renhai 3743: 3721:-class 3711: 3700:-class 3690: 3667: 3617: 3597:-class 3587: 3575:Aurora 3570:-class 3565:and 2 3553: 3533: 3450:Granit 3389:Frunze 3374:Grozny 3333:-class 3244:Mogami 3175:-class 3168:-class 3131:, the 3045:AK-630 3033:OSA-MA 3005:Moskva 2977:-class 2960:-class 2919:Moskva 2833:Coontz 2828:Coontz 2806:, and 2785:Midway 2735:, and 2656:Otomat 2632:Seacat 2596:Exocet 2451:Albany 2429:-class 2416:Albany 2411:-class 2388:-class 2339:Tartar 2282:Frunze 2241:-class 2214:-class 2190:which 2187:Halsey 2174:Yamato 2170:Yamato 2056:-class 2022:. The 1918:Jun'yō 1891:Juneau 1886:Juneau 1868:, and 1859:Laffey 1848:Laffey 1669:Yamato 1652:-class 1530:Lützow 1445:Sydney 1329:Mogami 1325:Mogami 1302:Kaiten 1269:Mogami 1207:-class 1200:-class 1160:-class 1131:Curlew 1097:Alaska 1088:, the 1080:Alaska 1058:Renown 1052:, HMS 887:Mogami 805:was a 568:Aurora 529:shells 465:Mersey 335:Russia 324:-class 317:-class 243:Alaska 238:-class 89:. 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