Aircraft carrier - Knowledge

202: 1597: 2395: 327: 1811: 1276: 1952: 2185: 2900: 1898:(STOVL) aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers. A ski-jump ramp works by converting some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity and is sometimes combined with the aiming of jet thrust partly downward. This allows heavily loaded and fueled aircraft a few more precious seconds to attain sufficient air velocity and lift to sustain normal flight. Without a ski-jump, launching fully-loaded and fueled aircraft such as the Harrier would not be possible on a smaller flat deck ship before either 3142: 2016: 1099: 395: 2891:) were finalized. A vessel of about 40,000 tons is envisaged carrying about 20 F-35B fighters as well as future maritime attack helicopters. Service entry had been anticipated in the early 2030s. The program has encountered opposition in the National Assembly. In November 2021, the National Defense Committee of the National Assembly reduced the program's requested budget of 7.2 billion KRW and to just 500 million KRW (about $ 400K USD), effectively putting the project on hold, at least temporarily. However, on 3 December 2021 the full budget of 7.2 billion won was passed by the National Assembly. Basic design work is to begin in earnest starting 2022. 3001: 1235: 1541: 2494: 3228: 3203:-class ship is able to operate around 40 aircraft during peacetime operations and is thought to be able to carry up to 72 at maximum capacity. As of the end of April 2020, 18 F-35B aircraft had been delivered to the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. "Full operating capability" for the UK's carrier strike capability had been planned for 2023 (two squadrons or 24 jets operating from one carrier). The longer-term aim remains for the ability to conduct a wide range of air operations and support amphibious operations worldwide from both carriers by 2026. They form the central part of the 2856: 1320: 133: 474:: Helicopter carriers have a similar appearance to other aircraft carriers but operate only helicopters – those that mainly operate helicopters but can also operate fixed-wing aircraft are known as STOVL carriers (see above). Seventeen are in service: four in Japan; three in France; two each in Australia, China, Egypt and South Korea; and one each in Brazil and Thailand. In the past, some conventional carriers were converted and these were called "commando carriers" by the Royal Navy. Some helicopter carriers, but not all, are classified as 2775: 1116: 1398:. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance, and along with, carrier designs also increased in size and ability. Some of these larger carriers, dubbed by the media as "supercarriers", displacing 75,000 tons or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by 2597: 1653:(STOBAR) depends on increasing the net lift on the aircraft. Aircraft do not require catapult assistance for take off; instead on nearly all ships of this type an upwards vector is provided by a ski-jump at the forward end of the flight deck, often combined with thrust vectoring by the aircraft. Alternatively, by reducing the fuel and weapon load, an aircraft is able to reach faster speeds and generate more upwards lift and launch without a ski-jump or catapult. 2677: 520: 1257: 2956: 22: 1825: 1794:) and has the overall responsibility for controlling launch, recovery and "those aircraft in the air near the ship, and the movement of planes on the flight deck, which itself resembles a well-choreographed ballet". The captain of the ship spends most of his time one level below primary on the Navigation Bridge. Below this is the Flag Bridge, designated for the embarked admiral and his staff. 779: 1743:(65 km/h; 40 mph) into the wind during flight deck operations to increase wind speed over the deck to a safe minimum. This increase in effective wind speed provides a higher launch airspeed for aircraft at the end of the catapult stroke or ski-jump, as well as making recovery safer by reducing the difference between the relative speeds of the aircraft and ship. 1724: 2536:. The carrier was purchased by India on 20 January 2004 after years of negotiations at a final price of $ 2.35 billion (equivalent to $ 3,147,000,000 in 2023). The ship successfully completed her sea trials in July 2013 and aviation trials in September 2013. She was formally commissioned on 16 November 2013 at a ceremony held at Severodvinsk, Russia. 1906:

steam or electromagnetic launching equipment. Vertical landing aircraft also remove the need for arresting cables and related hardware. Russian, Chinese, and Indian carriers include a ski-jump ramp for launching lightly loaded conventional fighter aircraft but recover using traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft.

1762:(LSO, radio call sign 'paddles') to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to the pilot (hence the nickname). From the late 1950s onward, visual landing aids such as the 188:) fighter jets and are similar in size to medium-sized fleet carriers. India, the United Kingdom and China each operate two aircraft carriers. France and Russia each operate a single aircraft carrier with a capacity of 30 to 60 fighters. Italy operates two light V/STOL carriers and Spain operates one V/STOL aircraft-carrying assault ship. 3306:: a class of 45,000-tonne amphibious assault ships, although the first two ships in this class, (Flight 0) do not have well decks, all subsequent ships (Flight I) will have well decks. Two ships are currently in service out of a planned 11 ships. Ships of this class can have a secondary mission as a light aircraft carrier with 20 2812:, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conventional bombing strikes. Officially designated an aircraft carrying cruiser, she is unique in carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large 1689:(VTOL): Certain aircraft are specifically designed for the purpose of using very high degrees of thrust vectoring (e.g. if the thrust to weight-force ratio is greater than 1, it can take off vertically), but are usually slower than conventionally propelled aircraft due to the additional weight from associated systems. 2369:. The flag transfer ceremony took place in the presence of Egyptian and French Navies' chiefs of staff, chairman and chief executive officers of both DCNS and STX France, and senior Egyptian and French officials. On 16 September 2016, DCNS delivered the second of two helicopter carriers, the landing helicopter dock 1316:, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the steadily increasing size and weight of individual military aircraft over the years. Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive that some nations which operate them risk significant economic and military impact if a carrier is lost. 2740:

from land bases; according to the 2020 Japanese Defense Ministry white paper the STOVL model was chosen for the JASDF due the lack of appropriately long runways to support air superiority capability across all of Japanese airspace. Japan has requested that the USMC deploy STOVL F-35s and crews aboard

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Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex

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Lacking the firepower of other warships, carriers by themselves are considered vulnerable to attack by other ships, aircraft, submarines, or missiles. Therefore, an aircraft carrier is generally accompanied by a number of other ships to provide protection for the relatively unwieldy carrier, to carry

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The appellation "supercarrier" is not an official designation with any national navy, but a term used predominantly by the media and typically when reporting on larger and more advanced carrier types. It is also used when comparing carriers of various sizes and capabilities, both current and past. It

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If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the

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Aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate continuous increase in aircraft size. The 1950s saw US Navy's commission of "supercarriers", designed to operate naval jets, which offered better performance at the expense of bigger size and demanded more ordnance to be carried on-board

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On 15 February 2024, the Design and Projects Office of the Turkish Navy announced that it will be a STOBAR aircraft carrier with an overall length of 285 metres (935 ft), beam of 68 metres (223 ft), draught of 10.1 metres (33 ft), and displacement of 60,000 tons. It will have a COGAG

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The US Navy has the largest fleet of carriers in the world, with eleven supercarriers currently in service. China and India each have two STOBAR carriers in service. The UK has two STOVL carriers in service. The navies of France and Russia each operate a single medium-sized carrier. The US also has

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is connected to the aircraft, and is used to accelerate conventional aircraft to a safe flying speed. By the end of the catapult stroke, the aircraft is airborne and further propulsion is provided by its own engines. This is the most expensive method as it requires complex machinery to be installed

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aircraft. Aircraft launch forward, into the wind, and are recovered from astern. The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found. Creating such a surface at sea poses constraints on the carrier. For example, the size of the vessel is a fundamental

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was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war, and the hull design was chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war, until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation

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in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility, and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had greater range and precision than naval guns, making them highly effective.

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are operated by Japan (4, two of which are being converted to operate V/STOL fighters), France (3), Australia (2), Egypt (2), South Korea (2), China (3), Thailand (1) and Brazil (1). Future aircraft carriers are under construction or in planning by China, France, India, Russia, South Korea, Turkey,

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have been launched from aircraft carriers, these aircraft have not landed on a carrier. By its diplomatic and tactical power, its mobility, its autonomy and the variety of its means, the aircraft carrier is often the centerpiece of modern combat fleets. Tactically or even strategically, it replaced

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was underway as of mid-2020. The modification of maritime escort vessels is to "increase operational flexibility" and enhance Pacific air defense, the Japanese defense ministry's position is "We are not creating carrier air wings or carrier air squadrons" similar to the US Navy. The Japanese STOVL

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The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft cannot launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a

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stretched across the deck to bring themselves to a stop in a short distance. Post-World War II Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight

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Due to the busy nature of the flight deck, only 20 or so aircraft may be on it at any one time. A hangar storage several decks below the flight deck is where most aircraft are kept, and aircraft are taken from the lower storage decks to the flight deck through the use of an elevator. The hangar is

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The combination of increased carrier size, speed requirements above 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h), and a requirement to operate at sea for long periods mean that modern large aircraft carriers often use nuclear reactors to create power for propulsion, electricity, catapulting airplanes from

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China and the United Kingdom both have carriers in service or under construction with displacements ranging from 65,000 to 85,000 tons and lengths from 280 to 320 meters (920 to 1,050 ft) which have been described as "supercarriers". The largest "supercarriers" in service as of 2022, however,

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and was designed to carry 72 aircraft. Since then, aircraft carriers have consistently grown in size, both in length and displacement, as well as improved capabilities; in defense, sensors, electronic warfare, propulsion, range, launch and recovery systems, number and types of aircraft carried and

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On the recovery side of the flight deck, the adaptation to the aircraft load-out is mirrored. Non-VTOL or conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own, and almost all carriers using them must have arrested-recovery systems (-BAR, e.g. CATOBAR or STOBAR) to recover their aircraft. Aircraft

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Speed is a crucial attribute for aircraft carriers, as they need to be able to be deployed quickly anywhere in the world and have to be fast enough to evade detection and targeting from enemy forces. A high speed also increases the "wind over the deck", boosting the lift available for fixed-wing

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more quickly to gain lift. This either requires a thrust boost, a vertical component to its velocity, or a reduced take-off load (to lower mass). The differing types of deck configuration, as above, influence the structure of the flight deck. The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is

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There are two main philosophies to keep the deck short: add thrust to the aircraft, such as using a Catapult Assisted Take-Off (CATO-); and changing the direction of the airplanes' thrust, as in Vertical and/or Short Take-Off (V/STO-). Each method has advantages and disadvantages of its own:

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air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on US Navy fleet carriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full load-outs, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for

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The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with

413:(CATOBAR): these carriers generally carry the largest, heaviest, and most heavily armed aircraft, although smaller CATOBAR carriers may have other limitations (weight capacity of aircraft elevator, etc.). All CATOBAR carriers in service today are nuclear-powered. Twelve are in service: ten 1532:

Regardless of size, the ship itself must house their complement of aircraft, with space for launching, storing, and maintaining them. Space is also required for the large crew, supplies (food, munitions, fuel, engineering parts), and propulsion. US aircraft carriers are notable for having

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would begin in around 2025 with sea trials to start in about 2036. The carrier is planned to have a displacement of around 75,000 tons and to carry about 32 next-generation fighters, two to three E-2D Advanced Hawkeyes and a yet-to-be-determined number of unmanned carrier air vehicles.

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naval and air bases on Sunday, 7 December 1941, was a clear illustration of the power projection capability afforded by a large force of modern carriers. Concentrating six carriers in a single unit turned naval history about, as no other nation had fielded anything comparable. In the

386:. These ships, while sized in the range of large fleet carriers, were designed to deploy alone or with escorts. In addition to supporting fighter aircraft and helicopters, they provide both strong defensive weaponry and heavy offensive missiles equivalent to a guided-missile cruiser. 1014:

of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carriers were conversions of ships that were laid down (or had served) as different ship types: cargo ships, cruisers, battlecruisers, or battleships. These conversions gave rise to the

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An aircraft carrier must be able to perform increasingly diverse mission sets. Diplomacy, power projection, quick crisis response force, land attack from the sea, sea base for helicopter and amphibious assault forces, anti-surface warfare (ASUW), defensive counter air (DCA), and

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The ship has been out of service and in repairs since 2018. The current projection is that repairs will be completed and the ship will be transferred back to the Russian Navy sometime in 2024, however this may be pushed back to 2025 if issues arise during overhaul and testing.

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amphibious assault ship. A ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas; this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers.

129:, it does not interfere with any territorial sovereignty and thus obviates the need for overflight authorizations from third-party countries, reduces the times and transit distances of aircraft and therefore significantly increases the time of availability on the combat zone. 3323:: a class of 41,000-tonne amphibious assault ships, members of this class have been used in wartime in their secondary mission as light carriers with 20 to 25 AV-8Bs after unloading their Marine expeditionary unit. Seven ship currently in service of an original eight, with 1726: 1730: 1729: 1725: 201: 987:, Orkney on 2 August 1917. Landing on the forward flight deck required the pilot to approach round the ship's superstructure, a difficult and dangerous manoeuver and Dunning was later killed when his airplane was thrown overboard while attempting another landing on 1731: 999:

from the funnel and superstructure was severe enough that only three landing attempts were successful before further attempts were forbidden. This experience prompted the development of vessels with a flush deck and produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918,

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was one). Specialist carrier evolution was well underway, with several navies ordering and building warships that were purposefully designed to function as aircraft carriers by the mid-1920s. This resulted in the commissioning of ships such as the Japanese

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aircraft. The ship is powered by gas-turbines and has a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 kilometres) and deploys 10 helicopters and 30 aircraft. The ship was launched in 2013, sea-trials began in August 2021 and was commissioned on 2 September 2022.

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Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a

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There is a view among some military pundits that modern anti-ship weapons systems, such as torpedoes and missiles, or even ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads have made aircraft carriers and carrier groups too vulnerable for modern combat.

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are often geared primarily towards air superiority and fleet defense roles rather than strike/power projection tasks, which require heavier payloads (bombs and air-to-ground missiles). Five are in service: two in China, two in India, and one in

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An aircraft carrier must be able to efficiently operate an air combat group. This means it should handle fixed-wing jets as well as helicopters. This includes ships designed to support operations of short-takeoff/vertical-landing (STOVL)

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design. Commissioned in 1997. The AV-8S Matador/Harrier STOVL fighter wing, mostly inoperable by 1999, was retired from service without replacement in 2006. As of 2010, the ship is used for helicopter operations and for disaster relief.

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on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $ 12–14.5 billion (plus $ 12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000-tonne

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medium bombers from her deck in a demonstrative retaliatory strike on the mainland, including the capital, Tokyo. However, the vulnerability of carriers compared to traditional capital ships was illustrated by the sinking of

1217:(commissioned in 1943), represented a larger, more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1194:

forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage led to the development and construction of 'light' carriers.

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classes, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate

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were developed to facilitate the very precise landing angles required by jet aircraft, which have a faster landing speed giving the pilot little time to correct misalignments, or mistakes. The first system was fitted to

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supplies, re-supply (Many carriers are self-sufficient and will supply their escorts) and perform other support services, and to provide additional offensive capabilities. The resulting group of ships is often termed a

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There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of

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Additionally there are eighteen small carriers which only operate helicopters serving the navies of Australia (2), Brazil (1), China (2), Egypt (2), France (3), Japan (4), South Korea (2), Thailand (1) and Turkey (1).

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and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery. The "air boss" (usually a

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which had been completed as a carrier by replacing her planned forward turret with a flight deck and hangar prior to commissioning. The Camels attacked and damaged the German airbase at Tondern, Germany (modern day

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To facilitate working on the flight deck of a US aircraft carrier, the sailors wear colored shirts that designate their responsibilities. There are at least seven different colors worn by flight deck personnel for

1751:, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward. The angled deck allows the installation of one or two "waist" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves 5888: 5494: 5377: 5910: 1149:, signalling the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes. This operation in the shallow water harbor incapacitated three of the six anchored battleships at a cost of two torpedo bombers. 247:(HADR) are some of the missions the aircraft carrier is expected to accomplish. Traditionally an aircraft carrier is supposed to be one ship that can perform at least power projection and sea control missions. 180:—carrying around 80 fighters each—the largest carriers in the world; the total combined deck space is over twice that of all other nations combined. As well as the aircraft carrier fleet, the US Navy has nine 6338: 5693: 1887:. In addition, lack of an island meant difficulties managing the flight deck, performing air traffic control, a lack of radar housing placements and problems with navigating and controlling the ship itself. 2745:

ships "for cooperation and advice on how to operate the fighter on the deck of the modified ships". On 3 October 2021, two USMC F-35Bs performed the first vertical landings and horizontal take-offs from JS

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South Korea has set tentative plans for procuring two light aircraft carriers by 2033, which would help make the ROKN a blue water navy. In December 2020, details of South Korea's planned carrier program

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generally have limited payloads, lower performance, and high fuel consumption when compared with conventional fixed-wing aircraft; however, a new generation of STOVL aircraft, currently consisting of the

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nine similarly sized Amphibious Warfare Ships. There are five small light carriers in use capable of operating both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters; Japan and Italy each operate two, and Spain one.

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helicopter carriers for approximately 950 million euros. The two ships were originally to be sold to Russia, but the deal was cancelled by France due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014.

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was modified again when her rear turret was removed and another flight deck added over a second hangar for landing aircraft over the stern. Her funnel and superstructure remained intact however and

6360: 5724: 5526: 1206:, were sometimes purpose-built but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, 5832: 5603: 4868: 5854: 5627: 9083: 4137: 1715:) usually recover by coming abreast of the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear. 1302:

limited the size of capital ships including carriers. Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern

468:, has much improved performance. Fourteen are in service; nine STOVL amphibious assault ships in the US; two carriers each in Italy and the UK; and one STOVL amphibious assault ship in Spain. 6120: 5996: 4447: 3347:. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to maintain and operate the vessels. The main new features are implementation of 6472: 5161: 7649: 6769: 5940: 6924: 1727: 5301: 6893: 6443: 4900: 2840:

As of 2020, the project had not yet been approved and, given the financial costs, it was unclear whether it would be made a priority over other elements of Russian naval modernization.

2131:(AMRJ) to be fully operational by 2020. The ship displaces 21,578 tonnes, is 203.43 meters (667.4 ft) long and has a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi). 4391: 7732: 5659: 4421: 353:

were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of

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were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range land-based German aircraft.

371: 7040: 6837: 6018: 7096: 6800: 6274: 6048: 5162:"O Ocean é do Brasil! MB conclui a compra do porta-helicópteros por 84 milhões de libras e dá à Força um novo capitânia – Poder Naval – A informação naval comentada e discutida" 4668: 4051: 7700: 6146: 6533: 1667:". Use of STOVL tends to allow aircraft to carry a larger payload as compared to during VTOL use, while still only requiring a short runway. The most famous examples are the 1582:

Munitions are commonly stored on the lower decks because they are highly explosive. Usually this is below the waterline so that the area can be flooded in case of emergency.

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are with the US Navy, with displacements exceeding 100,000 tons, lengths of over 337 meters (1,106 ft), and capabilities that match or exceed those of any other class.

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as a possible option. This carrier will be a hybrid of CATOBAR and STOBAR, given the fact that she uses both systems of launching aircraft. The carrier is expected to cost

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configuration proved to have significant drawbacks, primary of which was management of the exhaust from the power plant. Fumes coming across the deck were a major issue in

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carrier which was under construction between 2015 and 2016 before being completed in June 2022. She is being fitted out as of 2022 and will commence service in 2023–2024.

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naval fighter aircraft for the first time. After a refit in January 2019, she was assigned to the North Sea Fleet, a change from her previous role as a training carrier.

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was built on a battleship hull to carry spare aircraft and ordnance in support of other carriers. En route to complete fitting out it was sunk by an American submarine.

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Subsequent design modifications produced such variations as the light carrier, equipped with large amounts of electronic gear for the detection of submarines, and the

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offensive missiles. The P-700 systems will be removed in the coming refit to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities as well as upgrading her defensive systems.

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In October 2018, the French Ministry of Defence began an 18-month study for €40 million for the eventual future replacement of the French aircraft carrier

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is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison,

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commissioned the carrier on 29 June 2018 in the United Kingdom. After undertaking a period of maintenance in the UK, the ship travelled to its new home port,

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number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway. It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area.

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A number of British conversions of light fleet carriers to helicopter operations were known as commando carriers, though they did not operate landing craft

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Nine amphibious assault ships carrying vehicles, Marine fighters, attack and transport helicopters, and landing craft with STOVL fighters for CAS and CAP:

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Till, Geoffrey (1996). "Adopting the Aircraft Carrier: The British, Japanese, and American Case Studies". In Murray, Williamson; Millet, Allan R (eds.).

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displacing 30,000–40,000 tons with a capacity to operate 12 medium lift special ops and two heavy lift helicopters and troops for amphibious operations.

434:(STOBAR): these carriers are generally limited to carrying lighter fixed-wing aircraft with more limited payloads. STOBAR carrier air wings, such as the 4860: 7355: 5617: 4483: 326: 233:

aircraft to carry fuel and ammunition. To evade nuclear submarines, the carriers should have a speed of more than 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h).

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with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present, such as on a US

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The top of the carrier is the flight deck, where aircraft are launched and recovered. On the starboard side of this is the island, where the

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of the past. Carriers also facilitate quick and precise projections of overwhelming military power into such local and regional conflicts.

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that can be configured as a 24,660-tonne V/STOL aircraft carrier. Construction began on 30 April 2016 by Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. at their

8052: 7921: 7074: 4908: 3759: 3749: 3734: 2644: 2617: 6581: 5747: 7302:"TCG Anadolu (L-400) passing under the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge at the Dardanelles strait, with the Gallipoli peninsula in the background" 7044: 7041:"Thai Aircraft Carrier Assists Southern Relief Efforts | Pattaya Daily News – Pattaya Newspaper, Powerful news at your fingertips" 6859: 6713: 6026: 3822: 3714: 3679: 2793: 2778: 1919: 443: 366: 7501: 7102: 4735: 4006: 9118: 7520: 7185: 6950: 6833: 4660: 4043: 3754: 3724: 2421: 2399: 1829: 1244: 1093: 425: 206: 33: 7899: 7696: 5024: 4795: 2118: 145:-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments. 6525: 5347: 5244: 3551:

from 1990 to 2002, but due to an embezzlement scandal, funding for the museum never materialized and the ship was scrapped in 2002.

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Aircraft carriers today are usually divided into the following four categories based on the way that aircraft take off and land:

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which were adapted to operate jets in the late 1940s. Later versions had to be water-cooled because of increasing engine power.

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carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area. In addition, the French Navy operates three

2454:-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13-3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the US 1626:

limitation on runway length. This affects take-off procedure, as a shorter runway length of the deck requires that aircraft

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in December 2012, the US fleet comprised 10 fleet carriers, but that number increased back to 11 with the commissioning of

2947:, and vehicle storage area which can be used as additional hangar space, launched in 2008, commissioned 30 September 2010. 2630:: 30,000-tonne Italian STOVL carrier designed and built with secondary amphibious assault facilities, commissioned in 2008. 2128: 1946: 1054: 575:

Several systems of identification symbol for aircraft carriers and related types of ship have been used. These include the

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On 3 January 2024, the Turkish government approved the plan for the design and construction of a larger aircraft carrier.

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On 2 June 2016, Egypt received the first of two helicopter carriers acquired in October 2015, the landing helicopter dock

8072:(in French and Japanese). Hiroshi Ueki (植木浩), Philippe Pons, foreword; 筆と刀・日本の中のもうひとつのフランス (1872–1960). éd. L'Harmattan. 5460: 5112: 3729: 2872: 2698: 2332:

company. The first ship was commissioned in April 2021. China is also planning a modified class of the same concept, the

2184: 588: 6391: 6361:""Fulge super mare", risplende sul mare la nuova nave da assalto anfibio multiruolo costruita a Castellammare di Stabia" 2878:

18,860-tonne full deck amphibious assault ships with hospital and well deck and facilities to serve as fleet flagships.

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a 45,000-tonne, 262-metre-long (860 ft) aircraft carrier whose keel was laid in 2009. The new carrier will operate

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from 2001 to 2012, but was never able to find an industrial partner and was closed that year. She was scrapped in 2014.

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biplane bombers passing overhead. The British aircraft carrier was involved in the crippling of the German battleship

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during military exercises and operations. The AH-1W Super Cobras will eventually be complemented and replaced by the

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Carriers are large and long ships, although there is a high degree of variation depending on their intended role and

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was termed a "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser". This was primarily a legal construct to avoid the limitations of the

7221: 6609:"Japan is converting its 2 biggest warships into aircraft carriers, and US Marines are helping it train to use them" 4331: 4162: 6089: 3923: 3719: 3694: 3689: 3359:-class carriers, postponing or canceling the procurement of CVN-81 and CVN-82, or modifying the purchase contract. 3261:: ten 101,000-tonne, 333-meter-long (1,092 ft) fleet carriers, the first of which was commissioned in 1975. A 2799: 2665: 2333: 2329: 2291: 2219: 2194: 1023: 166: 161:, has said, "To put it simply, countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers." 6413: 1071: 9884: 6049:"'Historical moment': Sea trials begin for India's first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant [VIDEO]" 4301: 4192: 3569: 2656:. The ship will be significantly larger than her predecessors with a displacement of 38,000 tonnes at full load. 2625: 2273: 1861: 1659:(STOVL): On aircraft carriers, non-catapult-assisted, fixed-wing short takeoffs are accomplished with the use of 1218: 1030: 764: 6634: 4931: 1155:

involved clashes between aircraft carrier fleets. The Japanese surprise attack on the American Pacific fleet at

184:

used primarily for helicopters, although these also each carry up to 20 vertical or short take-off and landing (

92:. Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy 9190: 7301: 6298: 3699: 3611: 3435: 3057: 2762: 2481: 1036: 865: 698: 272: 7787: 7320: 7146:"Dünyanın ilk SİHA gemisi TCG Anadolu! Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Nihai hedefimiz tam bağımsız savunma sanayiidir" 6495: 3885: 2899: 2257:(60,000–70,000 tons) was launched on 26 April 2017. She is the first to be built domestically, to an improved 6747: 3506: 3255: 3141: 2455: 1303: 314:

Utility carrier: This type was mainly used in the US Navy, in the decade after World War 2 to ferry aircraft.

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Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are

9576: 8856: 8117:, 1909, Edited and translated by Lee Kennett, Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 2003, 5885:"DCNS DELIVERS THE FIRST MISTRAL-CLASS HELICOPTER CARRIER TO THE EGYPTIAN NAVY, THE LHD GAMAL ABDEL NASSER" 5279: 3493: 2737: 1679:, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally STOVL or in the case of UK uses " 1358: 1172: 330: 341:

fleet carrier, also often referred to as a supercarrier, seen here underway in 2019 crossing the Atlantic.

172:

As of September 2024, there are 47 active aircraft carriers in the world operated by fourteen navies. The

9859: 9705: 9025: 8705: 4505: 3656: 2529: 2015: 749: 40: 7626: 6635:"Russia Bids Adieu To World's 'Most Destructive' P-700 Granit; Hypersonic Zircon Missile To Take Charge" 6244: 5911:"DCNS DELIVERS THE SECOND MISTRAL-CLASS HELICOPTER CARRIER TO THE EGYPTIAN NAVY, THE LHD ANWAR EL SADAT" 5052: 3242:-class carrier currently under construction and expected to enter service in 2028. (artist's impression) 860:, thus providing the first practical demonstration of the aircraft carrier for naval operations at sea. 394: 10041: 9906: 9288: 8295: 3651: 2888: 2860: 1929: 1545: 1299: 1156: 1098: 797: 724: 584: 535: 9061: 7609: 6687:"Russians brought their only aircraft carrier to critical condition and looking for those responsible" 3049:

was commissioned with a ceremony on 10 April 2023. The construction of a sister ship, to be named TCG

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and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as the

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was commissioned on 25 September 2012 and began service for testing and training. In November 2012,

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underwent operational sea training under the Royal Navy's Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) program.

841:. On 9 May 1912, the first take off of an airplane from a ship while underway was made by Commander 827:. Two months later, on 18 January 1911, Ely landed his Curtiss Pusher airplane on a platform on the 361:

were fast enough to operate with the main fleet but of smaller size with reduced aircraft capacity.

9879: 9869: 9796: 9439: 9297: 8316: 6801:"Russia Lays Keels of Next Gen LHD, Submarines and Frigates in Presence of Russian President Putin" 5622: 5579: 5521: 3091: 2443: 2317:

China has had a long-term plan to operate six large aircraft carriers with two carriers per fleet.

831: 510: 475: 6867: 4612: 2924:: 27,000-tonne, specially designed multipurpose strategic projection ship which can operate as an 9669: 9475: 9185: 8650: 7592: 3794:

Russian carrier has not been operational since 2018; it is expected to be launched again in 2024.

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during the naval parade for celebrating the centenary of the Turkish Republic on 29 October 2023.

3000: 2925: 2585: 2439: 2426:. Commissioned in 2001, she is the flagship of the French Navy. The ship carries a complement of 2325: 1925: 1815: 1668: 1464: 1291: 1279: 1196: 1152: 1011: 850: 738: 728: 580: 266: 236:

Aircraft carriers are among the largest types of warships due to their need for ample deck space.

181: 7124:"[ANALYSIS] TCG Anadolu: the most powerful warship and the flagship of the Turkish Navy" 1540: 9664: 9551: 9515: 9510: 9336: 9240: 7066: 6659: 4936: 4706: 4700: 3616: 2386:

Egypt is so far the only country in Africa or the Middle East to possess a helicopter carrier.

2364: 2004: 1763: 1759: 1494: 1367: 1234: 1207: 900: 878: 680: 493: 358: 303: 74: 8036: 7947: 6556:"Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Expanding as Tokyo Takes New Approach to Maritime Security" 4732:"Will the Aircraft Carrier Survive?; Future Air Threats to the Carrier (and How to Defend It)" 3382:-class carrier (estimated service 2017) compared to the smaller $ 2 billion 45,000-tonne 9751: 9700: 9596: 9500: 9495: 9215: 8232:

Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and its Influence on World Events, 1901–2006

6331:"Third Italian F-35B Goes to the Italian Air Force. And the Italian Navy Is Not Happy at All" 4095:

Ark Royal: the life, death and rediscovery of the legendary Second World War aircraft carrier

3473: 3465: 2062: 2041: 1310: 1102: 896: 888: 842: 813: 318:

Some of the types listed here are not strictly defined as aircraft carriers by some sources.

9293: 5557: 3814: 9977: 9581: 9530: 9273: 9155: 9000: 8589: 4731: 4510: 4002: 3636: 3441: 3427: 3227: 3146: 3069: 3061: 3038: 2979: 2960: 2493: 1778: 1439: 1435: 1372: 1135: 972: 907: 146: 126: 6946: 5799:"Sea trials for Chinese Navy Type 075 LHD Landing Helicopter Dock amphibious assault ship" 2847:

is planned and an official keel laying ceremony for the project happened on 20 July 2020.

8: 10046: 10013: 9831: 9520: 9383: 9225: 8871: 8309: 7895: 5618:"Satellite images show how work on China's new Type 002 aircraft carrier is coming along" 5337: 5016: 4993: 3581: 3459: 3397: 3390: 3282:, one 100,000-tonne, 337-meter-long (1,106 ft) fleet carrier. The lead of the class 3073: 2765:

with enhanced command-and-control capabilities allowing them to serve as fleet flagships.

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strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself.

1486: 1350: 1295: 1239: 854: 293: 189: 109: 26: 6686: 4787: 2855: 9947: 9811: 9766: 9659: 9561: 9525: 9505: 9404: 9230: 9125: 8479: 8185: 7239: 5399: 3872:. ... Carriers with combined capabilities are classified as multipurpose carriers. 3869: 3865: 3561: 3540: 3526: 3479: 3451: 3406:

In a report to Congress in February 2018, the Navy stated it intends to maintain a "12

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and aircraft carrier. Juan Carlos I has full facilities for both functions including a

2539: 2497: 2370: 2089:, was commissioned in December 2015. The Australian ships retain the ski-ramp from the 1881: 1873: 1460: 1423: 1319: 1265: 1184: 1016: 809: 552: 547: 524: 471: 338: 298: 173: 125:

in the role of flagship of a fleet. One of its great advantages is that, by sailing in

5686:"China Commissions a Type 055 DDG, a Type 075 LHD and a Type 094 SSBN in a Single Day" 2117:

for (GBP) £84.6 million (equivalent to R$ 359.5M and US$ 113.2M) and renamed her

1309:

of US Navy carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era

887:

conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914, a

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Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress

6143:"Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, to be named INS Vikrant, is biggest ship made in India" 5962: 4710: 4108: 4098: 2929: 2774: 2704:– 250-metre-long (820 ft), 19,500-tonne (27,000 tonnes full load) STOVL carrier 2376: 1748: 1643: 1604: 1600: 1564: 1498: 1427: 1165: 1142: 1007:

became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft.

838: 820: 801: 383: 212: 8272:

United States navy fleet problems and the development of carrier aviation, 1929–1933

4215:"China has solid plans for four aircraft carriers by 2030, could eventually have 10" 1703:

for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck.

1115: 132: 9967: 9901: 9854: 9836: 9786: 9616: 9480: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9321: 9135: 9130: 8861: 8750: 8735: 8559: 8454: 8444: 6691: 3641: 3121:

type UCAV with stealth technology, was successfully completed on 28 December 2023.

2937: 2522: 2480:

beyond 2030. In December 2020, President Macron announced that construction of the

2435: 1660: 1572: 953: 935: 531: 456: 261: 241: 101: 82: 6740:"Russia developing $ 5 bln aircraft carrier with no world analogs—fleet commander" 3340:-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the 2596: 2320:

China is planning a class of eight landing helicopter dock vessels, the Type 075 (

9891: 9821: 9746: 9644: 9378: 9358: 9326: 9283: 9250: 9195: 9140: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8891: 8775: 8239: 8152: 8003: 7671:"HMS Queen Elizabeth Closer to Becoming Operational as Carrier Leaves for Trials" 7642:"HMS Queen Elizabeth will help Britain retake its place among the military elite" 5993:"President Macron Announces Start of New French Nuclear Aircraft Carrier Program" 4818: 4765: 4618: 3626: 3266: 3077: 2967: 2940: 2427: 2111: 1850: 1672: 1549: 1534: 1399: 1060: 1001: 927: 861: 828: 793: 460: 439: 375: 308: 277: 244: 162: 105: 47: 8130:

Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia

7572:"Turkey approves plans for aircraft carrier, additional Istanbul-class frigates" 6169:"India's indigenous aircraft carrier and largest warship INS Vikrant joins Navy" 1755:

flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft.

402:

configuration are in service with Italy, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.

9761: 9756: 9741: 9611: 9373: 9210: 9035: 8851: 8801: 8660: 8529: 8519: 8484: 7542: 7464: 7243: 5596:"No advanced jet launch system for China's third aircraft carrier, experts say" 4609: 3133:

propulsion system and a maximum speed of 25 knots (29 mph; 46 km/h).

2833: 2750:, marking 75 years since fixed-wing aircraft operated from a Japanese carrier. 2350: 2135: 2124: 2107: 1971: Countries that have operated carriers in the past but no longer do so (3) 1899: 1894:

at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch

1699: 1647:

under the flight deck, but allows for even heavily loaded aircraft to take off.

1526: 1344: 1191: 1161: 949: 931: 805: 643: 576: 498: 350: 283: 154: 142: 8289: 7556: 7432: 7377: 10035: 9997: 9992: 9957: 9942: 9896: 9806: 9791: 9649: 9591: 9586: 9490: 9368: 9353: 9341: 9331: 9220: 9200: 8980: 8876: 8765: 8700: 8695: 8665: 8429: 8419: 8399: 7839: 5517:"China's first home-grown Type 001A aircraft carrier begins maiden sea trial" 5370:"China brings its first aircraft carrier into service, joining 9-nation club" 4332:"The world's most advanced aircraft carrier is one step closer to completion" 3621: 3270: 3098: 2336:, that will also be equipped with an electromagnetic catapult launch system. 2300:

was commissioned on 23 April 2021 at the naval base in Sanya. A second ship,

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design, although the RAN has not acquired carrier-based fixed-wing aircraft.

1891: 1842: 1838: 1774: 1560: 1474: 1171:

sailed to within 650 nautical miles (1,200 km) of Japan and launched 16

1130: 1081: 488: 346: 288: 177: 150: 8038:

A Century of Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of Ships and Shipborne Aircraft

7697:"HMS Queen Elizabeth: All You Need to Know About Britain's Aircraft Carrier" 5650:"Images show construction of China's third aircraft carrier, thinktank says" 4112: 971:

The first landing of an airplane on a moving ship was by Squadron Commander

595:

US hull classification symbols for aircraft carriers and related ship types

9952: 9937: 9776: 9771: 9710: 9654: 9621: 9454: 9449: 9255: 8791: 8760: 8740: 8715: 8569: 8301: 7446: 5654: 2813: 1915: 1876:

side. Very few carriers have been designed or built without an island. The

1627: 1391: 1357:. The first US Navy carriers to be fitted with them were the wooden-decked 1177: 1077: 945: 915: 435: 89: 78: 7287: 7265: 4076:"The Ark Royal Launched. Most Up-To-Date Carrier. Aircraft in the Fleet". 3288:

came into service in 2017, with another nine planned to replace the aging

2650:

landing helicopter docks, with a new amphibious assault ship, to be named

2265:

started sea trials on 23 April 2018, and entered service in December 2019.

9987: 9826: 9725: 9601: 9556: 9278: 9020: 8970: 8940: 8886: 8846: 8841: 8811: 8806: 8755: 8730: 8725: 8614: 8574: 8539: 8524: 8504: 8489: 8354: 8349: 7627:"Rendering and technical specifications of Turkey's new aircraft carrier" 7610:"Rendering and technical specifications of Turkey's new aircraft carrier" 7593:"Rendering and technical specifications of Turkey's new aircraft carrier" 3915: 3548: 3389:, which are able to deploy squadrons of F-35Bs. The first of this class, 3160: 3118: 3027: 3004: 2828:

The Russian Government has been considering the potential replacement of

2417: 2405: 2230: 2123:. The ship was decommissioned from Royal Navy service in March 2018. The 2079: 2065:, represents the largest ships ever built for the Royal Australian Navy. 1767: 1740: 1614: 1591: 1394:

of fleets, a role previously held by the galleons, ships-of-the-line and

1249: 976: 874: 455:(STOVL): limited to carrying STOVL aircraft. STOVL aircraft, such as the 112:, and other types of aircraft. While heavier aircraft such as fixed-wing 70: 9444: 7973:"US and Partner Nations Conduct Multiple SINKEXs as Part of RIMPAC 2024" 7866:"Huntington Ingalls, Newport News shipyard upbeat despite budget clouds" 7149: 6582:"Marines Considering Flying U.S. F-35Bs off of Japan's Largest Warships" 5955: 4444:"The US Navy's new $ 13 billion aircraft carrier will dominate the seas" 1525:, to cater to the various roles that global climates have demanded from 9972: 9781: 9715: 9265: 9165: 9092: 9091: 8901: 8866: 8826: 8670: 8609: 8579: 8474: 8409: 8369: 8154:

British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft

7433:"Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights — A First in Aviation History" 6834:"국방 분야 핵심공약 좌초 우려에 정무라인 물밑작업 끝 원안 통과문대통령, 경항모 중요성 거듭 강조…예산부활 보고받고는 '반색" 5431:"China's aircraft carrier successfully launches its first jet fighters" 3423:

A few aircraft carriers have been preserved as museum ships. They are:

3114: 3084: 2567: 2504: 2447: 2380: 1708: 1395: 1340: 1134:

The versatility of the carrier was demonstrated in November 1940, when

996: 984: 846: 558:, that had a length of 800 feet (244 m), a displacement of 22,000 519: 158: 122: 5937:"Egypt is only Middle East country to own Mistral helicopter carriers" 5245:"PHM A-140 Atlântico é armado com canhão Bushmaster MK.44 II de 30 mm" 3710:

List of aircraft carriers of the People's Liberation Army Navy (China)

2584:

India has also issued a request for information (RFI) to procure four

1770:, but LSOs still transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio. 1256: 478:, tasked with landing and supporting ground forces on enemy territory. 9846: 9720: 9535: 9429: 9409: 9050: 8935: 8831: 8796: 8745: 8710: 8685: 8584: 8509: 8384: 7381: 7225: 7167: 6714:"Источник ТАСС допустил сдвиг сдачи "Адмирала Кузнецова" на 2025 год" 5324:"Porta-Helicópteros Atlântico agora é Navio-Aeródromo Multipropósito" 4078: 3487: 2944: 2723:

In December 2018, the Japanese Cabinet gave approval to convert both

2554: 2170: 2075: 1959: Countries currently operating fixed-wing aircraft carriers (10) 1857: 1783: 1579:

usually quite large and can take up several decks of vertical space.

1482: 1354: 1200: 792:

The 1903 advent of the heavier-than-air fixed-wing airplane with the

379: 85: 7834:. Vol. 90, no. 10. Air Force Association. pp. 68–71. 6469:"USMC to Fly First F-35B from Japan's Izumo-class Aircraft Carriers" 5294:"Mostra de Armamento do Porta-Helicópteros Multipropósito Atlântico" 2955: 2676: 961: 853:(RNAS) from the deck of the Royal Navy's pre-dreadnought battleship 9962: 9695: 9566: 9205: 9160: 8975: 8821: 8675: 8594: 8554: 8499: 8459: 8414: 8359: 5342: 3646: 3042: 3012: 2681: 2058: 1695: 1518: 1223: 965: 926:

occurred on 2 August, when a torpedo was fired by Flight Commander

824: 136:

Chart comparing a selection of aircraft carriers (sorted by length)

6917:"South Korea's CVX Aircraft Carrier Project Faces New Budget Cuts" 6739: 5550:"China Commissions 2nd Aircraft Carrier, Challenging US Dominance" 1965: Countries currently solely operating helicopter carriers (6) 21: 9916: 9816: 9674: 9571: 9434: 9313: 9096: 9040: 8990: 8955: 8950: 8930: 8896: 8881: 8786: 8690: 8680: 8534: 8514: 8469: 8449: 8394: 8389: 8379: 8374: 7539:"Turkish Stealth Drone Makes Debut Flight After Years of Secrecy" 7186:"Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service" 4270: 3572:

as the world's first amphibious assault ship museum. However, in

3513: 3500: 2578: 2550: 2451: 2279: 1824: 1802:. Carrier operations of other nations use similar color schemes. 1639: 1622: 1618: 1286:, the world's first nuclear-powered carrier, commissioned in 1961 1146: 923: 919: 410: 219: 169:, also said: "An aircraft carrier is 100,000 tons of diplomacy." 113: 93: 66: 62: 7621: 7619: 7604: 7602: 7587: 7585: 7164:"Turkish Navy Officially Welcomes Its New Flagship, TCG Anadolu" 4031: 2985:

helicopter carrier: 11,400-tonne STOVL carrier based on Spanish

2577:

with a displacement of over 65,000 tonnes and is planned with a

1711:

and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (

1422:

The threatening role of aircraft carriers has a place in modern

1390:

Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as

9911: 9639: 9606: 9045: 8985: 8960: 8906: 8604: 8464: 8344: 7521:"Turkey's ANKA-3 Flying Wing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Flies" 7397:"TCG Anadolu: Turkey's New Flagship Will Carry Unique Aircraft" 6890:"South Korea Officially Starts LPX-II Aircraft Carrier Program" 6363:(Press release) (in Italian). Marina Militare. 17 August 2021. 3973:"US "carrier gap" could see naval air power dip in Gulf region" 3588: 3573: 3534: 3106: 3015: 2805: 2516: 2234: 2206: 2165:), to reflect the ship's capability to operate with fixed-wing 1786:) occupies the top bridge (Primary Flight Control, also called 1712: 1650: 431: 218:

conducting joint operations in the Persian Gulf; both with the

185: 117: 7204:"Turkish Navy Commissions TCG Anadolu Amphibious Assault Ship" 6999:

Carpenter & Wiencek, Asian Security Handbook 2000, p. 302.

6493: 4821:; Mandeles, Mark D. (2011). "Innovation in Carrier Aviation". 509:"Supercarrier" redirects here. For the television series, see 9399: 8995: 8945: 8925: 8816: 8624: 8619: 8599: 8564: 8494: 8439: 8434: 8404: 8184:

Hone, Thomas C.; Friedman, Norman; Mandeles, Mark D. (2011).

7616: 7599: 7582: 6019:"Aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya inducted into Indian Navy" 5963:"Mistral Class – Amphibious Assault Ships – Naval Technology" 5140:"Brazil hopes to buy, commission UK's HMS Ocean by June 2018" 3219:-class ships are expected to have service lives of 50 years. 2933: 2728: 2324:

Yushen-class landing helicopter assault). This is a class of

2149:

was redesignated "NAM", for "multipurpose aircraft carrier" (

1895: 1656: 1478: 1416: 788:

conducted the world's first naval-launched air raids in 1914.

559: 452: 399: 7483:"Türkiye's new combat drone completes endurance flight test" 5717:"China's 2nd Type 075 LHD Guangxi 广西 Commissioned With PLAN" 2420:

operates the 42,000-tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier,

1521:. The size of the carrier has varied over history and among 9030: 8965: 8917: 8629: 8544: 8424: 8364: 8070:

Sabre et Pinceau: Par d'autres Français au Japon. 1872–1960

7415:"Baykar's unmanned fighter aircraft completes first flight" 6191:"US-India Collaboration on Aircraft Carriers: A Good Idea?" 5113:"Canberra Class Landing Helicopter Docks (LHDs), Australia" 5071: 3102: 2622:: 14,000-tonne Italian STOVL carrier, commissioned in 1985. 2173: 1911: 1686: 1522: 778: 8210:

Two-Block Fox: The Rise of the Aircraft Carrier, 1911–1929

7948:"USS Tarawa LHA-1 Amphibious Assault Ship US Navy Marines" 6496:"Japan to have first aircraft carriers since World War II" 6414:"Japan to have first aircraft carriers since World War II" 6388:"Il Garibaldi lancerà in orbita satelliti – Difesa Online" 5748:"China's 3rd Type 075 LHD Anhui 安徽 Commissioned With PLAN" 3775:

List of escort aircraft carriers of the United States Navy

3770:

List of aircraft carrier classes of the United States Navy

1544:

The first carrier landing and take-off of a jet aircraft:

1222:

or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers.

922:; neither was hit. The first attack using an air-launched 5326:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Poder Naval. 26 November 2020. 4572: 3314:

aircraft after unloading their Marine expeditionary unit.

3199:

undertook her first operational deployment in 2021. Each

2379:

with the French Navy before arriving at her home port of

2304:, was commissioned on 26 December 2021 and a third ship, 357:, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. 8137:

Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club US Carrier Operations off Vietnam

7922:"INS Vikrant, hero of '71 war, reduced to heap of scrap" 7780: 7388: 7222:"TCG Anadolu (L-400) at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul" 6518: 5575:"China launches Fujian, PLA Navy's 3rd aircraft carrier" 5219:"PHM Atlântico: características técnicas e operacionais" 4514:. Vol. IV, no. 177. 18 May 1912. p. 442. 3740:

List of aircraft carriers of Russia and the Soviet Union

3555: 1860:

side of the flight deck, the Japanese aircraft carriers

1845:) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an 8241:

Admiral William A. Moffett: Architect of Naval Aviation

7502:"Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu" 6275:"Piano di dismissioni delle Unità Navali entro il 2025" 4990:"Pentagon: New Class Of Silent Submarines Poses Threat" 4829:"The Development of the Angled-Deck Aircraft Carrier". 2660:

is to carry the F-35B Joint Strike Fighter. Meanwhile,

2167:

medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles

1663:, which may also be used in conjunction with a runway " 1613:

As "runways at sea", aircraft carriers have a flat-top

1353:

became necessary to protect aircraft and handlers from

3886:"Fact File: Amphibious Assault Ships – LHA/LHD/LHA(R)" 2708:

was launched August 2013 and commissioned March 2015.

2157:), from "PHM", for "multipurpose helicopter carrier" ( 8005:

U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History

7156: 7043:. Pattaya Daily News. 4 November 2010. Archived from 6440:"Japanese Izumo carrier modification progresses well" 4541:. No. 39895. London. 10 May 1912. p. 8 (3). 4097:(2nd ed.). London: Corgi Books. pp. 48–51. 3351:(EMALS) (which replaces the old steam catapults) and 1290:

Before World War II, international naval treaties of

8183: 8079:

British Naval Aviation, The Fleet Air Arm, 1917–1990

7557:"Turkey's ANKA III Fighter Drone Makes Debut Flight" 7138: 5105: 4816: 4388:: Inside the world's most advanced aircraft carrier" 4271:"Russian Navy may get advanced new aircraft carrier" 4044:"Reich's Cruise Ships Held Potential Plane Carriers" 3413: 3179:

STOVL carriers which operate the F-35 Lightning II.

1640:

Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery

411:

Catapult-assisted take-off barrier-arrested recovery

75:

carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft

8274:. PhD dissertation Texas A&M University, 2005. 6494:Brad Lendon and Yoko Wakatsuki (18 December 2018). 6385: 4641: 4545: 4163:"China kicks off construction of new supercarrier/" 3916:"Aircraft carriers crucial, Royal Navy chief warns" 3765:

List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy

3238:, the third US Navy carrier to bear the name, is a 3105:that are specifically designed and manufactured by 2838:

between $ 1.8 billion and $ 5.63 billion.

570: 7312: 5773:"China's Plan for 6 Aircraft Carriers Just 'Sank'" 3064:are the two main types of helicopters used on TCG 3053:, is currently being planned by the Turkish Navy. 2237:, then towed to China for rebuild and completion. 2051:. The two-ship class, based on the Spanish vessel 1856:in 1923. While the island is usually built on the 6463: 6461: 5829:"China planning advanced amphibious assault ship" 4930:Hendrix, Henry J.; Williams, J. Noel (May 2011). 4861:"Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines" 4734:. Joint Air Power Competence Centre (japcc.org). 3685:List of aircraft carriers of the Second World War 2218:(60,900 tons) was originally built as the Soviet 10033: 7762:Babcock International (babcockinternational.com) 7280:"TCG Anadolu at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul" 7258:"TCG Anadolu at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul" 7240:"TCG Anadolu at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul" 7098:Turkish Navy's flagship to enter service in 2020 6852: 6678: 6639:Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News 6526:"Lack of runways spurred Japan's F-35B purchase" 5083: 4358:"Sneak peek at US Navy's $ 13B aircraft carrier" 3568:had a preservation campaign to bring her to the 3410:force" as part of its 30-year acquisition plan. 2349:Egypt signed a contract with French shipbuilder 1800:modern United States Navy carrier air operations 6684: 6299:"Documento Programmatico Pluriennale 2017–2019" 5461:"China lands first jet on its aircraft carrier" 5400:"China's first aircraft carrier enters service" 5189:"La Marina de Brasil compra el portaviones HMS 4929: 4788:"History of Fleet Air Arm Officers Association" 4608:The First World War: A Complete History by Sir 4418:ushers in new age of technology and innovation" 2736:F-35s, when delivered, will be operated by the 2639:Italy plans to replace ageing aircraft carrier 2581:system to launch and recover heavier aircraft. 2078:in late 2013 and was commissioned in 2014. Her 1758:Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a 1331:Some changes were made after 1945 in carriers: 800:, was closely followed on 14 November 1910, by 661:Aircraft carrier, Helicopter, Escort (retired) 653:Aircraft carrier, Helicopter Assault (retired) 25:Four modern aircraft carriers of various types— 8041:. Barnsley, S Yorkshire: Seaforth Publishing. 7518: 7196: 6458: 5193:a la Royal Navy británica-noticia defensa.com" 4476:"AWD, Hobart, MFU or DDGH – What's in a Name?" 3735:List of aircraft carriers of the Japanese Navy 551:in 1938, in an article about the Royal Navy's 374:preventing 'aircraft carriers' transiting the 9077: 8317: 8298:– technical training film from the Royal Navy 7569: 7499: 7183: 6390:(in Italian). Difesaonline.it. Archived from 5338:"China aircraft carrier confirmed by general" 5039:"Why Aircraft Carriers Have an Angled Runway" 4028:USS Guadalcanal (AVG-60/ACV-60/CVE-60/CVU-60) 3715:List of current French Navy aircraft carriers 2007:with two deck-landing spots for helicopters. 1890:Another deck structure that can be seen is a 1837:The superstructure of a carrier (such as the 1386:aircraft carriers, and a few more minor uses. 944:The first carrier-launched airstrike was the 934:seaplane, launched from the seaplane carrier 424:fleet carriers in the United States; and the 8331: 7896:"Navy Submits 30-Year Ship Acquisition Plan" 7816:. Congressional Research Service Washington. 7343: 7321:"Deniz Kuvvetlerinden TCG Trakya açıklaması" 7179: 7177: 6145:. thehindu.com. 25 June 2021. Archived from 4846: 4844: 4661:"Japanese inventions that changed the world" 3725:List of aircraft carriers of the Indian Navy 3547:was acquired for preservation and moored in 3117:(also part of Project MIUS), a jet-powered, 2727:destroyers into aircraft carriers for F-35B 2233:in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating 1718: 7726:"Carrier Strike – Preparing for deployment" 7349: 6860:"S. Korea Envisions Light Aircraft Carrier" 6660:"Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov" 6406: 5330: 5316: 5186: 4964:"Deutsches U-Boot fordert US-Marine heraus" 4901:"Navies expanding use of aircraft carriers" 3760:List of seaplane carriers of the Royal Navy 3750:List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy 1828:The command bridge of the aircraft carrier 1489:which managed the same feat in 2006 during 90:local bases for staging aircraft operations 9084: 9070: 8324: 8310: 8098:Military Innovation in the Interwar Period 8076: 7394: 7318: 5855:"Egypt signs Mistral contract with France" 4578: 4568:. Berlin Epubli. pp. 4, 156–162, 427. 3680:List of aircraft carriers by configuration 3418: 3375:House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee 3251:11 CATOBAR carriers, all nuclear-powered: 1129:The aircraft carrier dramatically changed 81:of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to 7758:"Queen Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carriers" 7720: 7718: 7559:. Bloomberg Television. 29 December 2023. 7465:"Bayraktar TB3 UCAV: General Information" 7174: 6798: 6633:Thakur, Vijainder K. (22 November 2023). 5745: 5714: 5683: 5509: 5225:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 August 2018 4841: 4334:. businessinsider.com. 16 February 2017. 4247:. ukdefencejournal.org.uk. 28 June 2017. 3755:List of escort carriers of the Royal Navy 3595: 3520: 3396:, is now in active service with another, 2795:Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov 1493:by penetrating the defensive measures of 1164:", on 18 April 1942, the US Navy carrier 1110:most decorated US warship of World War II 1094:List of aircraft carriers of World War II 1066:(1924, although laid down in 1918 before 864:support ships came next, with the French 16:Warship that serves as a seagoing airbase 8001: 7825: 7639: 7629:. SavunmaSanayiST.com. 16 February 2024. 7612:. SavunmaSanayiST.com. 16 February 2024. 7595:. SavunmaSanayiST.com. 16 February 2024. 7489:. Baykar Technologies. 22 December 2023. 7421:. Baykar Technologies. 15 December 2022. 6828: 6826: 6606: 6110: 5572: 5269: 5137: 5077: 4157: 4155: 4124: 4122: 4092: 3946:"The slow death of the carrier air wing" 3745:List of active Spanish aircraft carriers 3226: 3140: 2999: 2954: 2898: 2854: 2773: 2675: 2668:for use as a satellite launch platform. 2595: 2492: 2393: 2183: 2014: 1950: 1918:is only able to launch from the carrier 1823: 1809: 1722: 1651:Short Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery 1642:(CATOBAR): A steam- or electric-powered 1595: 1539: 1318: 1274: 1255: 1233: 1114: 1097: 777: 518: 432:Short take-off barrier-arrested recovery 393: 325: 200: 131: 20: 7819: 7731:. National Audit Office. 26 June 2020. 7008: 6287:from the original on 16 September 2017. 6011: 5272:"Brazil commissions helicopter carrier" 4992:. KNBC. 19 October 2006. Archived from 4966:(in German). t-online. 6 January 2013. 4940:. Vol. 137. U.S. Naval Institute. 4729: 4698: 4584: 4482:. Royal Australian Navy. 30 July 2010. 4217:. nextbigfuture.com. 19 February 2015. 3705:List of Canadian Navy aircraft carriers 1537:powering their systems and propulsion. 1382:(fuel, spare parts, electronics, etc.). 10034: 7715: 6811:from the original on 22 September 2020 6632: 6536:from the original on 23 September 2020 6082:"Indian Aircraft Carrier (Project 71)" 6076: 6074: 5715:Vavasseur, Xavier (30 December 2021). 5548:Myers, Steven Lee (17 December 2019). 5410:from the original on 28 September 2013 5251:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 July 2018 5014: 4932:"Twilight of the $ UPERfluous Carrier" 4871:from the original on 25 September 2019 4420:. navylive.dodlive.mil. 21 July 2017. 4308:. militaryfactory.com/. 22 July 2017. 4296: 4294: 4292: 3926:from the original on 25 September 2015 3730:List of Italian Navy aircraft carriers 3349:Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System 3186:was commissioned in December 2017 and 2808:aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as 627:Large aircraft carrier (retired 1952) 583:countries, and Europe, along with the 9065: 8305: 8067: 8034: 7902:from the original on 14 February 2018 7358:from the original on 12 February 2020 7331:from the original on 12 February 2020 7126:. turkishminute.com. 10 December 2022 7067:"Uçak Gemisi Olan Ülkeleri Öğrenelim" 6947:"결국 되살아난 '경항모 예산' 72억…해군, 내년 기본설계 추진" 6927:from the original on 16 November 2021 6823: 6607:Brimelow, Benjamin (8 October 2021). 6420:from the original on 18 December 2018 6367:from the original on 29 December 2021 6304:(in Italian). Minestro della Difesa. 6209:"RFI for the procurement of four LPD" 6113:"Cochin Shipyard undocks INS Vikrant" 5999:from the original on 24 February 2021 5865:from the original on 17 November 2015 5727:from the original on 26 February 2022 5679: 5677: 5547: 5059:from the original on 21 February 2009 4944:from the original on 17 November 2015 4898: 4798:from the original on 25 February 2021 4702:The Aircraft Carrier Story: 1908–1945 4563: 4551: 4518:from the original on 17 November 2015 4486:from the original on 26 December 2013 4450:from the original on 12 February 2018 4424:from the original on 10 February 2018 4364:from the original on 20 February 2018 4338:from the original on 24 February 2018 4312:from the original on 24 February 2018 4277:from the original on 10 February 2018 4152: 4119: 4054:from the original on 24 February 2018 4009:from the original on 12 November 2019 3983:from the original on 17 November 2015 3896:from the original on 3 September 2009 3825:from the original on 19 February 2014 3556:Planned but cancelled museum carriers 2832:for some time and has considered the 2575:Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 2 (IAC-2) 2566:India has plans for a third carrier, 2547:Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1) 952:were launched from the battlecruiser 769:Timeline for aircraft carrier service 8095: 7794:from the original on 17 October 2013 7677:from the original on 28 January 2020 7077:from the original on 29 January 2020 7011:"End of a Legend – Harrier Farewell" 6953:from the original on 3 December 2021 6840:from the original on 3 December 2021 6588:from the original on 1 November 2020 6562:from the original on 26 October 2020 6255:from the original on 12 October 2014 5835:from the original on 23 January 2021 5746:Vavasseur, Xavier (1 October 2022). 5593: 5566: 5497:from the original on 1 December 2020 5467:from the original on 31 October 2013 5380:from the original on 1 November 2013 5138:Barreira, Victor (7 December 2017). 5119:from the original on 16 October 2013 5027:from the original on 6 October 2013. 4970:from the original on 1 November 2020 4671:from the original on 3 November 2017 4647: 4394:from the original on 2 February 2018 4251:from the original on 2 February 2018 4169:from the original on 16 January 2018 4140:from the original on 13 January 2018 4030:, official page at official website 4003:"Will the Aircraft Carrier Survive?" 3970: 3952:from the original on 11 January 2018 3675:List of aircraft carriers in service 2978:1 offshore helicopter support ship: 2446:, as well as modern electronics and 2138:for her new homeport in Rio's AMRJ, 2129:Arsenal de Marinha do Rio de Janeiro 1947:List of aircraft carriers in service 1943:List of aircraft carriers by country 1766:have provided information on proper 1735:F/A-18 Hornet aircraft landing video 1481:and taking a photograph through its 1080:, these ships would become known as 804:'s first experimental take-off of a 752:, a type of amphibious assault ship 741:, a type of amphibious assault ship 196: 8055:from the original on 6 January 2022 7652:from the original on 10 August 2018 7519:Thomas Newdick (28 December 2023). 7435:. Baykar Technologies. 5 June 2023. 7378:"TCG Anadolu eğitim gerçekleştirdi" 6914: 6896:from the original on 4 January 2021 6666:from the original on 7 October 2017 6506:from the original on 2 October 2021 6475:from the original on 7 October 2020 6123:from the original on 28 August 2017 6071: 5973:from the original on 1 January 2018 5943:from the original on 9 October 2016 5913:. 16 September 2016. Archived from 5684:Vavasseur, Xavier (24 April 2021). 5606:from the original on 18 April 2017. 5428: 4506:"The Naval Review and the Aviators" 4289: 4165:. thediplomat.com. 5 January 2018. 3854:from the original on 5 October 2013 2375:which also participated in a joint 2308:, was commissioned in October 2022. 1902:or crashing directly into the sea. 1450:Carriers can also be vulnerable to 1029:aircraft carriers (1927), Japanese 389: 226: 13: 8234:. (two vols.) Potomac Books, 2006. 8196:from the original on 23 March 2020 8106: 8081:. London: Arm & Armour Press. 7846:from the original on 23 April 2009 6799:Vavasseur, Xavier (21 July 2020). 6780:from the original on 25 April 2021 6750:from the original on 19 March 2016 6685:Alona Mazurenko (9 January 2023). 6311:from the original on 12 April 2019 6059:from the original on 5 August 2021 5809:from the original on 9 August 2020 5779:from the original on 4 August 2020 5696:from the original on 25 April 2021 5674: 5529:from the original on 29 April 2018 5304:from the original on 28 April 2019 5168:from the original on 28 April 2018 1936: 1805: 1739:Carriers steam at speed, up to 35 1681:shipborne rolling vertical landing 1438:, battle group, carrier group, or 466:Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II 14: 10058: 8283: 8258:from the original on 25 July 2020 8244:. Smithsonian Institution Press. 8171:from the original on 25 July 2020 8022:from the original on 25 July 2020 7738:from the original on 29 June 2020 6982:from the original on 9 April 2013 6949:. hankyung.com. 3 December 2021. 6866:. 15 January 2014. Archived from 6446:from the original on 30 June 2020 6197:from the original on 19 May 2015. 5594:Chan, Minnie (14 February 2017). 5270:Barreira, Victor (29 June 2018). 5199:from the original on 25 June 2018 4827:; abridged findings published as 4738:from the original on 25 July 2020 4446:. marketwatch.com. 9 March 2016. 4221:from the original on 30 July 2017 3883: 3414:Aircraft carriers in preservation 3265:-class carrier is powered by two 3136: 2936:operations, is equipped with the 2503:(IAC-1) at sea during her maiden 2163:Porta-Helicópteros Multipropósito 1914:rocket. For example, the Russian 1183:by German battleships during the 1153:World War II in the Pacific Ocean 690:Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier 563:number of sorties flown per day. 8190:Naval War College Newport Papers 8186:"Innovation in Carrier Aviation" 7965: 7940: 7914: 7888: 7876:from the original on 31 May 2014 7858: 7806: 7768:from the original on 7 June 2020 7750: 7689: 7663: 7633: 7570:Kate Tringham (5 January 2024). 7563: 7549: 7531: 7512: 7493: 7475: 7457: 7439: 7425: 7407: 7370: 7294: 7272: 7250: 7232: 7214: 7210:. Defence Turkey. 10 April 2023. 7116: 7101:, Anadolu Agency, archived from 7089: 7059: 7033: 7002: 6993: 6971: 6965: 6939: 6915:Lee, Daehan (16 November 2021). 6908: 6882: 6792: 6762: 6732: 6706: 6652: 6626: 6600: 6574: 6548: 6487: 6432: 6379: 6353: 6341:from the original on 20 May 2020 6323: 6291: 6218:. 26 August 2021. Archived from 6171:. thehindu.com. 2 September 2022 6111:Reporter, B. S. (11 June 2015). 6088:. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from 5891:from the original on 9 July 2016 5350:from the original on 9 June 2011 5187:Defensa.com (22 December 2017). 3720:List of German aircraft carriers 3695:List of amphibious warfare ships 3690:List of sunken aircraft carriers 3662: 3222: 2334:Type 076 landing helicopter dock 571:Hull type identification symbols 167:United States Secretary of State 7994: 7826:Kreisher, Otto (October 2007). 7703:from the original on 6 May 2020 7395:Paul Iddon (24 November 2022). 7350:Ahmet Doğan (9 November 2019). 7319:Anıl Şahin (14 February 2019). 7184:Emma Helfrich (11 April 2023). 7009:Cooper., Peter (8 March 2011). 6267: 6237: 6201: 6183: 6161: 6135: 6104: 6041: 5985: 5929: 5903: 5877: 5847: 5821: 5791: 5765: 5739: 5708: 5662:from the original on 7 May 2019 5642: 5630:from the original on 7 May 2019 5610: 5587: 5541: 5479: 5453: 5429:Axe, David (26 November 2012). 5422: 5392: 5362: 5286: 5263: 5237: 5211: 5180: 5154: 5131: 5053:"The US Navy Aircraft Carriers" 5045: 5031: 5008: 4982: 4956: 4923: 4892: 4883: 4853: 4810: 4780: 4750: 4723: 4692: 4683: 4653: 4632: 4623: 4602: 4593: 4590:269 Squadron History: 1914–1923 4557: 4530: 4498: 4468: 4462: 4436: 4406: 4376: 4350: 4324: 4263: 4233: 4207: 4181: 4086: 4069: 3788: 3570:West Coast of the United States 3387:-class amphibious assault ships 2763:anti-submarine warfare carriers 2702:-class multi-purpose destroyers 2666:Italian Space Operation Command 2466:-class amphibious assault ships 2049:-class landing helicopter docks 1896:short take off vertical landing 1872:had their islands built on the 1657:Short Take-Off Vertical-Landing 1219:1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier 1087: 765:History of the aircraft carrier 635:Nuclear-powered attack carrier 504: 453:Short take-off vertical-landing 88:worldwide without depending on 9191:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 8916:Unpowered vessels and smaller 8217:Air Warfare in the Missile Age 8212:. Naval Institute Press, 1974. 8132:. Naval Institute Press, 1984. 7640:Coughlin, Con (26 June 2017), 7352:"TCG Trakya ne zaman bitecek?" 6836:. yna.co.kr. 3 December 2021. 6131:– via Business Standard. 5463:. Fox News. 25 November 2012. 5015:Harris, Tom (29 August 2002). 4899:Lekic, Slobodan (8 May 2011). 4036: 4021: 3995: 3964: 3948:. jalopnik.com. 19 July 2017. 3938: 3908: 3877: 3836: 3807: 3700:List of carrier-based aircraft 3612:Aviation-capable naval vessels 3362:Following the deactivation of 2850: 2779:Russian aircraft carrier 2731:operations. The conversion of 2155:Navio Aeródromo Multipropósito 2030:-class landing helicopter dock 1585: 1563:, air-traffic control and the 1507: 1229: 964:, Denmark), and destroyed two 699:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 273:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 255: 69:, equipped with a full-length 1: 9109:Naval ship classes in service 8291:"Launch & Recover (1960)" 8100:. Cambridge University Press. 4390:. foxnews.com. 21 July 2017. 4032:https://www.history.navy.mil/ 3801: 3507:Soviet aircraft carrier 3494:Soviet aircraft carrier 3068:, with the occasional use of 2834:Shtorm-class aircraft carrier 2229:and was later purchased as a 1687:Vertical Take-Off and Landing 1463:which in 2001 "fired" at the 1343:Captain (later Rear Admiral) 1190:This new-found importance of 176:has 11 large nuclear-powered 100:warships that carry numerous 9577:Harbour defence motor launch 8857:Rigid-hulled inflatable boat 8780:Steamships and motor vessels 8238:Trimble, William F. (1994). 7828:"Seven New Carriers (Maybe)" 7500:Tayfun Özberk (1 May 2022). 6975:World wide aircraft carriers 6249:World Wide Aircraft Carriers 5017:"How Aircraft Carriers Work" 4537:"Flight From the Hibernia". 4191:. Royal Navy. Archived from 4082:. 14 April 1937. p. 11. 2759:-class helicopter destroyers 2738:Japan Air Self Defense Force 2330:Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding 2010: 1814:Island control structure of 1512: 808:airplane from the deck of a 619:Attack carrier (up to 1975) 364:The Soviet aircraft carrier 211:(rear), and US Navy carrier 7: 9860:Ballistic missile submarine 9706:Mine countermeasures vessel 8706:Mine countermeasures vessel 5091:"ENHANCED SAN GIUSTO CLASS" 4241:"British super carrier HMS 3971:Drew, James (8 July 2015). 3657:Unsinkable aircraft carrier 3600: 2950: 2761:– 19,000-tonne (full load) 2719:, was commissioned in 2017. 2286:3 Landing helicopter docks 1677:Lockheed F-35B Lightning II 1143:strike on the Italian fleet 750:Landing platform helicopter 585:hull classification symbols 10: 10063: 9907:Submarine aircraft carrier 9289:Pre-dreadnought battleship 9099:in 19th and 20th centuries 7898:. Navy. 12 February 2018. 5376:. NBC. 25 September 2012. 4825:. Naval War College Press. 4705:. London: Cassel. p. 4689:Enright & Ryan, p. xiv 4564:Donko, Wilhelm M. (2013). 4273:. tass.com. 28 June 2017. 4050:. 1 May 1938. p. 32. 3868:, intended for conducting 3652:Submarine aircraft carrier 3576:2024, on 9 July 2024, the 3533:was moored as a museum in 3403:, and 9 more are planned. 2861:CVX-class aircraft carrier 2328:under construction by the 2110:confirmed the purchase of 1984: 1940: 1930:landing helicopter assault 1694:that are landing extend a 1589: 1452:diesel-electric submarines 1185:Norwegian campaign in 1940 1091: 798:Kitty Hawk, North Carolina 773: 762: 758: 725:Landing helicopter assault 716:Utility carrier (retired) 708:Training Aircraft Carrier 508: 482: 355:merchant aircraft carriers 321: 65:that serves as a seagoing 10006: 9925: 9845: 9802:General stores issue ship 9734: 9688: 9630: 9544: 9471:Amphibious transport dock 9463: 9392: 9312: 9264: 9246:Merchant aircraft carrier 9236:Interdiction Assault Ship 9176: 9104: 8915: 8774: 8638: 8337: 8157:. Conway Maritime Press. 8151:Friedman, Norman (1988). 8068:Polak, Christian (2005). 8008:. Naval Institute Press. 8002:Friedman, Norman (1983). 7788:"Aircraft Carriers – CVN" 6774:militarywatchmagazine.com 6770:"Military Watch Magazine" 6720:(in Russian). 4 July 2023 6416:. CNN. 18 December 2018. 6386:(di Tiziano Ciocchetti). 5573:Jack Lau (17 June 2022). 5487:"Military Watch Magazine" 4360:. cnn.com. 18 July 2017. 4245:to deploy to the Pacific" 3670:List of aircraft carriers 3632:Merchant aircraft carrier 3607:Airborne aircraft carrier 2995: 2769: 2600:Italian aircraft carrier 2389: 2195:Type 002 aircraft carrier 2096: 2001:amphibious transport dock 1849:, a feature pioneered on 1753:launch and recovery cycle 1719:Staff and deck operations 1271:-class helicopter carrier 1210:built by the US, such as 670:Aircraft Carrier (Medium) 611:Generic aircraft carrier 398:Aircraft Carriers in the 53:—and escort vessels, 2002 9880:Deep-submergence vehicle 9870:Cruise missile submarine 9797:Fast combat support ship 9440:Guided-missile destroyer 9298:Standard-type battleship 8338:Sailing vessels and rigs 8332:Types of ships and boats 8077:Sturtivant, Ray (1990). 7015:Pacificwingsmagazine.com 5623:South China Morning Post 5600:South China Morning Post 5580:South China Morning Post 5522:South China Morning Post 5115:. Naval-technology.com. 4837:(2): 63–78. Spring 2011. 4831:Naval War College Review 4730:Cochran, Daniel (2018). 4617:5 September 2021 at the 4093:Rossiter, Mike (2007) . 3781: 3353:unmanned aerial vehicles 3336:The current US fleet of 3310:, and in the future the 3269:providing steam to four 3092:Bayraktar MIUS Kızılelma 2894: 2671: 2643:, as well as one of the 2591: 2488: 2444:combat search and rescue 2339: 2179: 1362:-class aircraft carriers 1197:Escort aircraft carriers 579:used by the Royal Navy, 476:amphibious assault ships 205:French aircraft carrier 182:amphibious assault ships 9476:Amphibious warfare ship 9186:Amphibious assault ship 8651:Amphibious assault ship 6530:airforce-technology.com 6117:Business Standard India 4758:"The Angled Deck Story" 4189:"Queen Elizabeth Class" 4065:(subscription required) 3419:Current museum carriers 3205:UK Carrier Strike Group 3113:. The maiden flight of 3035:amphibious assault ship 2926:amphibious assault ship 2664:will be transferred to 2586:Landing helicopter dock 2482:next generation carrier 2326:amphibious assault ship 2245:launched and recovered 1926:landing helicopter dock 1669:Hawker Siddeley Harrier 1368:Optical landing systems 1208:light aircraft carriers 1012:Washington Naval Treaty 851:Royal Naval Air Service 739:Landing helicopter dock 729:amphibious assault ship 359:Light aircraft carriers 267:Amphibious assault ship 9552:Armed boarding steamer 9516:Landing Ship Logistics 9511:Landing ship, infantry 9337:Guided missile cruiser 9241:Light aircraft carrier 7471:. Baykar Technologies. 7453:. Baykar Technologies. 4850:Hobbs 2009, Chapter 14 4764:. 2012. Archived from 3617:Carrier-based aircraft 3596:Future museum carriers 3521:Former museum carriers 3243: 3164: 3058:Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk 3019: 2970: 2911: 2863: 2784: 2688: 2605: 2507: 2408: 2197: 2162: 2154: 2106:In December 2017, the 2032: 2005:Algerian National Navy 1973: 1834: 1821: 1764:optical landing system 1760:landing signal officer 1736: 1610: 1556: 1495:Carrier Strike Group 7 1328: 1287: 1272: 1253: 1242:landing on the French 1141:launched a long-range 1126: 1112: 879:Imperial Japanese Navy 849:biplane "S.38" of the 789: 681:Light aircraft carrier 541: 494:Light aircraft carrier 403: 342: 304:Light aircraft carrier 223: 137: 77:. Typically it is the 54: 9752:Auxiliary repair dock 9701:Destroyer minesweeper 9597:Ocean boarding vessel 9501:Landing Craft Support 9496:Landing craft carrier 9216:Fighter catapult ship 8035:Hobbs, David (2009). 7812:O'Rourke, R. (2015). 5406:. 25 September 2012. 4699:Robbins, Guy (2001). 3230: 3144: 3003: 2959:The aircraft carrier 2958: 2902: 2858: 2777: 2679: 2599: 2496: 2398:The aircraft carrier 2397: 2187: 2145:On 12 November 2020, 2063:BAE Systems Australia 2042:Royal Australian Navy 2018: 1954: 1827: 1813: 1779:naval flight officers 1734: 1599: 1543: 1497:which was protecting 1322: 1278: 1259: 1237: 1119:The Japanese carrier 1118: 1101: 975:, when he landed his 891:aircraft launched by 781: 522: 397: 329: 311:and seaplane carriers 204: 155:First Sea Lord (head) 135: 46:, helicopter carrier 24: 9978:Littoral combat ship 9531:Landing Ship Vehicle 9274:Coastal defence ship 8590:Thames sailing barge 8208:Melhorn, Charles M. 8135:Francillon, René J, 7073:. 23 November 2017. 6337:. 26 February 2020. 6025:. IN. Archived from 5917:on 22 September 2016 5164:. 21 December 2017. 5150:on 13 December 2017. 4762:denniscambell.org.uk 4136:. royalnavy.mod.uk. 4005:. 13 December 2018. 3637:Mobile offshore base 3062:Bell AH-1 SuperCobra 2988:Príncipe de Asturias 2859:Conceptual model of 1469:during the exercise 1459:of the conventional 1440:carrier battle group 1436:carrier strike group 1351:Jet blast deflectors 973:Edwin Harris Dunning 948:in July 1918. Seven 127:international waters 9832:Replenishment oiler 9735:Command and support 9521:Landing Ship Medium 9384:Unprotected cruiser 9226:Flight deck cruiser 8872:Surface effect ship 8270:Wadle, Ryan David. 7673:. 24 January 2020. 7545:. 29 December 2023. 7325:SavunmaSanayiST.com 7105:on 30 November 2019 6972:Head, Jeff, "BPE", 6870:on 24 November 2013 6092:on 17 February 2012 6029:on 18 November 2013 5995:. 8 December 2020. 5861:. 12 October 2015. 5803:navyrecognition.com 5775:. 9 December 2019. 5441:on 29 November 2012 5080:, pp. 241–243. 4996:on 16 November 2007 4911:on 17 November 2015 3580:was sunk alongside 3107:Baykar Technologies 3072:helicopters of the 2680:Helicopter carrier 2450:missiles. She is a 2322:NATO reporting name 2278:(80,000 tons) is a 2269:1 CATOBAR carrier: 1546:Eric "Winkle" Brown 1519:aircraft complement 1010:As a result of the 847:Short Improved S.27 596: 587:used by the US and 378:between the Soviet 372:Montreux Convention 294:Flight deck cruiser 280:and balloon tenders 190:Helicopter carriers 73:and facilities for 9948:Breastwork monitor 9812:Joint support ship 9767:Combat stores ship 9562:Coastal motor boat 9526:Landing Ship, Tank 9506:Landing Ship Heavy 9405:Convoy rescue ship 9231:Helicopter carrier 8480:Hermaphrodite brig 8445:Fore & Aft rig 7977:United States Navy 7928:. 22 November 2014 7926:The Indian Express 7832:Air Force Magazine 7354:. DenizHaber.com. 7047:on 14 October 2013 6892:. 4 January 2021. 6584:. 23 August 2019. 6532:. 21 August 2020. 6471:. 21 August 2019. 6394:on 24 January 2022 5939:. 8 October 2016. 5562:on 1 January 2022. 5554:The New York Times 5249:tecnodefesa.com.br 5041:. 2 November 2017. 4048:The New York Times 3870:amphibious assault 3866:helicopter carrier 3844:"Aircraft Carrier" 3815:"Aircraft carrier" 3373:in July 2017. The 3312:F-35B Lightning II 3244: 3193:in December 2019. 3165: 3109:to be used on TCG 3033:is a 27,079-tonne 3020: 2971: 2912: 2864: 2843:A class of 2 LHD, 2792:1 STOBAR carrier: 2785: 2689: 2662:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2641:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2619:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2613:2 STOVL carriers: 2606: 2508: 2409: 2366:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2198: 2169:as well as crewed 2033: 1974: 1835: 1822: 1737: 1611: 1557: 1424:asymmetric warfare 1337:angled flight deck 1329: 1288: 1273: 1254: 1127: 1113: 903:Kaiserin Elisabeth 812:ship, the cruiser 810:United States Navy 796:' first flight at 790: 594: 548:The New York Times 545:was first used by 542: 472:Helicopter carrier 404: 343: 339:United States Navy 299:Helicopter carrier 224: 174:United States Navy 138: 55: 10042:Aircraft carriers 10029: 10028: 9933:Armed merchantman 9875:Cruiser submarine 9865:Coastal submarine 9632:Fast attack craft 9486:Dock landing ship 9364:Protected cruiser 9347:Pocket battleship 9304:Treaty battleship 9294:Super-dreadnought 9178:Aircraft carriers 9126:Operational zones 9059: 9058: 8656:Armed merchantman 8550:Sailing hydrofoil 8225:978-1-58834-083-2 8145:978-0-87021-696-1 8128:Chesneau, Roger. 8123:978-1-58566-118-3 8115:Military Aviation 7208:defenceturkey.com 6225:on 25 August 2021 6055:. 4 August 2021. 5805:. 5 August 2020. 5525:. 23 April 2018. 4865:world-nuclear.org 4817:Hone, Thomas C.; 4716:978-0-30435-308-8 4195:on 10 August 2013 4104:978-0-552-15369-0 3172:Two 65,000-tonne 2830:Admiral Kuznetsov 2781:Admiral Kuznetsov 2528:, 45,400 tonnes, 2478:Charles de Gaulle 2423:Charles de Gaulle 2401:Charles de Gaulle 2377:military exercise 1996:Kalaat Béni Abbès 1921:Admiral Kuznetsov 1831:Charles de Gaulle 1732: 1428:gunboat diplomacy 1145:at their base in 966:zeppelin airships 839:San Francisco Bay 821:Norfolk Navy Base 802:Eugene Burton Ely 756: 755: 523:The Royal Navy's 514: (TV series) 445:Admiral Kuznetsov 426:Charles de Gaulle 384:Mediterranean Sea 367:Admiral Kusnetsov 208:Charles de Gaulle 197:Types of carriers 35:Charles de Gaulle 10054: 9968:Floating battery 9902:Midget submarine 9855:Attack submarine 9837:Submarine tender 9787:Destroyer tender 9617:Submarine chaser 9481:Attack transport 9425:Escort destroyer 9420:Destroyer leader 9415:Destroyer escort 9322:Aircraft cruiser 9136:Green-water navy 9131:Brown-water navy 9086: 9079: 9072: 9063: 9062: 8862:Roll-on/Roll-off 8776:Merchant vessels 8751:Submarine tender 8736:Ship of the line 8646:Aircraft carrier 8639:Military vessels 8560:Ship of the line 8455:Full-rigged ship 8326: 8319: 8312: 8303: 8302: 8292: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8230:Polmar, Norman. 8205: 8203: 8201: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8101: 8092: 8073: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8031: 8029: 8027: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7823: 7817: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7737: 7730: 7722: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7589: 7580: 7579: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7516: 7510: 7509: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7290:. 23 April 2023. 7276: 7270: 7269: 7268:. 23 April 2023. 7254: 7248: 7247: 7246:. 23 April 2023. 7236: 7230: 7229: 7228:. 23 April 2023. 7218: 7212: 7211: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7181: 7172: 7171: 7170:. 11 April 2023. 7160: 7154: 7153: 7152:. 10 April 2023. 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7017:. Archived from 7006: 7000: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6692:Ukrainska Pravda 6682: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6613:Business Insider 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6465: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6442:. 29 June 2020. 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6310: 6303: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6279: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6213: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6078: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6053:timesnownews.com 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5967:Naval Technology 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5859:defenceweb.co.za 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5831:. 27 July 2020. 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5681: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5556:. Archived from 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5437:. Archived from 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5300:. 29 June 2018. 5290: 5284: 5283: 5282:on 22 July 2018. 5278:. Archived from 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5146:. Archived from 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4907:. Archived from 4896: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4826: 4823:Newport Paper 37 4819:Friedman, Norman 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4667:. 13 June 2017. 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4298: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4040: 4034: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3977:flightglobal.com 3968: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3861: 3859: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3811: 3795: 3792: 3642:Project Habakkuk 3448:in New York City 3438:, South Carolina 3325:one lost to fire 3308:AV-8B Harrier II 3267:nuclear reactors 2938:AV-8B Harrier II 2839: 2714: 2573:, also known as 2545:, also known as 2442:helicopters for 1970: 1964: 1958: 1733: 1698:that catches on 1661:thrust vectoring 1603:launches aboard 1573:fighter aircraft 1535:nuclear reactors 1455:like the German 1454: 1400:nuclear reactors 1339:was invented by 1022:in 1922, the US 897:Austro-Hungarian 597: 593: 390:By configuration 262:Aircraft cruiser 242:humanitarian aid 227:General features 59:aircraft carrier 10062: 10061: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10032: 10031: 10030: 10025: 10019:Sailing vessels 10002: 9921: 9892:Fleet submarine 9841: 9822:Net laying ship 9747:Ammunition ship 9730: 9684: 9626: 9540: 9459: 9388: 9379:Torpedo cruiser 9359:Merchant raider 9327:Armored cruiser 9308: 9284:Fast battleship 9260: 9251:Seaplane tender 9196:Balloon carrier 9172: 9156:Central battery 9141:Blue-water navy 9100: 9090: 9060: 9055: 9011:Outrigger canoe 8911: 8779: 8770: 8634: 8333: 8330: 8290: 8286: 8281: 8261: 8259: 8252: 8237: 8199: 8197: 8174: 8172: 8165: 8150: 8113:Ader, Clement. 8109: 8107:Further reading 8104: 8089: 8058: 8056: 8049: 8025: 8023: 8016: 7997: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7824: 7820: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7771: 7769: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7724: 7723: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7634: 7625: 7624: 7617: 7608: 7607: 7600: 7591: 7590: 7583: 7568: 7564: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7517: 7513: 7498: 7494: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7447:"Bayraktar TB3" 7445: 7444: 7440: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7393: 7389: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7361: 7359: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7317: 7313: 7306:kaleninsesi.com 7300: 7299: 7295: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7182: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7108: 7106: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7078: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7022: 7021:on 14 July 2012 7007: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6985: 6983: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6913: 6909: 6899: 6897: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6753: 6751: 6738: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6683: 6679: 6669: 6667: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6643: 6641: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6558:. 29 May 2019. 6554: 6553: 6549: 6539: 6537: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6492: 6488: 6478: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6335:The Aviationist 6329: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6284: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6149:on 28 June 2021 6141: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6080: 6079: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5887:. 2 June 2016. 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5682: 5675: 5665: 5663: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5592: 5588: 5571: 5567: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5444: 5442: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5374:Behind The Wall 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5346:. 8 June 2011. 5336: 5335: 5331: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5021:How Stuff Works 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4842: 4828: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4768:on 4 March 2016 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4638:Parkes, p. 624. 4637: 4633: 4629:Parkes, p. 622. 4628: 4624: 4619:Wayback Machine 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4579:Sturtivant 1990 4577: 4573: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4300: 4299: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243:Queen Elizabeth 4239: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4132:Queen Elizabeth 4128: 4127: 4120: 4105: 4091: 4087: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4057: 4055: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3922:. 4 July 2012. 3914: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3882: 3878: 3857: 3855: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3826: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3665: 3627:Lily and Clover 3603: 3598: 3584:Dubuque (LPD-8) 3558: 3523: 3421: 3416: 3225: 3217:Queen Elizabeth 3201:Queen Elizabeth 3197:Queen Elizabeth 3190:Prince of Wales 3183:Queen Elizabeth 3175:Queen Elizabeth 3156:Queen Elizabeth 3139: 3078:TAI T929 ATAK 2 2998: 2982:Chakri Naruebet 2968:Royal Thai Navy 2963:Chakri Naruebet 2953: 2941:attack aircraft 2897: 2853: 2837: 2798:: 55,000-tonne 2772: 2715:s sister ship, 2712: 2674: 2594: 2491: 2428:Dassault Rafale 2392: 2342: 2261:-class design. 2182: 2134:Before leaving 2099: 2013: 1987: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1949: 1939: 1937:National fleets 1808: 1806:Deck structures 1723: 1721: 1673:BAe Sea Harrier 1594: 1588: 1515: 1510: 1485:or the Swedish 1449: 1232: 1096: 1090: 1076:(1927). During 928:Charles Edmonds 908:Imperial German 862:Seaplane tender 829:armored cruiser 794:Wright brothers 776: 771: 763:Main articles: 761: 577:pennant numbers 573: 517: 507: 485: 461:Yakovlev Yak-38 440:Mikoyan MiG-29K 392: 376:Turkish Straits 351:escort carriers 333:Abraham Lincoln 324: 309:Seaplane tender 278:Balloon carrier 258: 245:disaster relief 229: 199: 163:Henry Kissinger 106:strike aircraft 98:nuclear-powered 43:John F. Kennedy 29:John C. Stennis 17: 12: 11: 5: 10060: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10010: 10008: 10004: 10003: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9757:Auxiliary ship 9754: 9749: 9744: 9742:Amenities ship 9738: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9636: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9612:Steam gun boat 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9374:Strike cruiser 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9318: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9301: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9270: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9211:Escort carrier 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9182: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9147:Gun placement 9145: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9123: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9089: 9088: 9081: 9074: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9036:Reaction ferry 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8922: 8920: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8852:Paddle steamer 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8802:Container ship 8799: 8794: 8789: 8783: 8781: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8661:Auxiliary ship 8658: 8653: 8648: 8642: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8530:Pocket cruiser 8527: 8522: 8520:Norfolk wherry 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8485:Jackass-barque 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8341: 8339: 8335: 8334: 8329: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8285: 8284:External links 8282: 8280: 8279: 8268: 8250: 8235: 8228: 8215:Nordeen, Lon, 8213: 8206: 8181: 8163: 8148: 8133: 8126: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8093: 8087: 8074: 8065: 8048:978-1783466986 8047: 8032: 8014: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7979:. 23 July 2024 7964: 7939: 7913: 7887: 7872:. 8 May 2014. 7857: 7818: 7805: 7779: 7749: 7714: 7688: 7662: 7632: 7615: 7598: 7581: 7562: 7548: 7530: 7511: 7492: 7487:baykartech.com 7474: 7469:baykartech.com 7456: 7451:baykartech.com 7438: 7424: 7419:baykartech.com 7406: 7387: 7384:. 8 June 2023. 7369: 7342: 7311: 7293: 7271: 7249: 7244:Anadolu Agency 7231: 7213: 7195: 7173: 7155: 7137: 7115: 7088: 7058: 7032: 7001: 6992: 6964: 6938: 6907: 6881: 6851: 6822: 6791: 6761: 6731: 6705: 6677: 6651: 6625: 6599: 6573: 6547: 6517: 6486: 6457: 6431: 6405: 6378: 6352: 6322: 6290: 6266: 6236: 6200: 6182: 6160: 6134: 6103: 6070: 6040: 6010: 5984: 5954: 5928: 5902: 5876: 5846: 5820: 5790: 5764: 5738: 5707: 5673: 5658:. 7 May 2019. 5641: 5626:. 7 May 2019. 5609: 5586: 5565: 5540: 5508: 5491:Military watch 5478: 5452: 5421: 5391: 5361: 5329: 5315: 5285: 5262: 5236: 5210: 5179: 5153: 5130: 5104: 5082: 5070: 5044: 5030: 5007: 4981: 4955: 4922: 4891: 4882: 4852: 4840: 4809: 4779: 4749: 4722: 4715: 4691: 4682: 4652: 4650:, p. 191. 4640: 4631: 4622: 4610:Martin Gilbert 4601: 4599:Probert, p. 46 4592: 4583: 4581:, p. 215. 4571: 4556: 4544: 4529: 4497: 4467: 4461: 4435: 4416:Gerald R. Ford 4405: 4386:Gerald R. Ford 4375: 4349: 4323: 4304:Gerald R. Ford 4288: 4262: 4232: 4206: 4180: 4151: 4118: 4103: 4085: 4068: 4035: 4020: 3994: 3963: 3937: 3907: 3876: 3850:, Britannica, 3835: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3545: (CVL-28) 3538: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3504: 3491: 3477: 3474:Corpus Christi 3463: 3449: 3439: 3436:Mount Pleasant 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3380:Gerald R. Ford 3371:Gerald R. Ford 3343:Gerald R. Ford 3334: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3315: 3294: 3293: 3285:Gerald R. Ford 3278:Gerald R. Ford 3274: 3271:steam turbines 3249: 3248: 3240:Gerald R. Ford 3236: (CVN-80) 3224: 3221: 3213: 3212: 3170: 3169: 3138: 3137:United Kingdom 3135: 3127: 3126: 3089:low-observable 3070:CH-47F Chinook 3045:shipyard. TCG 3025: 3024: 2997: 2994: 2976: 2975: 2952: 2949: 2917: 2916: 2896: 2893: 2884: 2883: 2869: 2868: 2852: 2849: 2826: 2825: 2790: 2789: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2721: 2720: 2694: 2693: 2673: 2670: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2611: 2610: 2593: 2590: 2564: 2563: 2513: 2512: 2490: 2487: 2474: 2473: 2414: 2413: 2391: 2388: 2372:Anwar El Sadat 2347: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2284: 2283: 2267: 2266: 2250: 2203: 2202: 2181: 2178: 2136:HMNB Devonport 2125:Brazilian Navy 2108:Brazilian Navy 2104: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2038: 2037: 2012: 2009: 1999:(L-474) is an 1992: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1938: 1935: 1807: 1804: 1775:naval aviators 1720: 1717: 1700:arrestor wires 1691: 1690: 1684: 1654: 1648: 1590:Main article: 1587: 1584: 1527:naval aviation 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1365: 1348: 1345:Dennis Cambell 1323:Fire on board 1284: (CVN-65) 1231: 1228: 1192:naval aviation 1162:Doolittle Raid 1089: 1086: 1082:fleet carriers 1041:, and British 950:Sopwith Camels 932:Short Type 184 843:Charles Samson 806:Curtiss Pusher 775: 772: 760: 757: 754: 753: 747: 743: 742: 736: 732: 731: 722: 718: 717: 714: 710: 709: 706: 702: 701: 696: 692: 691: 688: 684: 683: 678: 674: 673: 667: 663: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 647: 646: 644:Escort carrier 641: 637: 636: 633: 629: 628: 625: 621: 620: 617: 613: 612: 609: 605: 604: 601: 572: 569: 530:in 1939, with 506: 503: 502: 501: 499:Escort carrier 496: 491: 484: 481: 480: 479: 469: 450: 429: 420:Gerald R. Ford 391: 388: 382:bases and the 335: (CVN-72) 323: 320: 316: 315: 312: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 284:Escort carrier 281: 275: 270: 264: 257: 254: 253: 252: 248: 237: 234: 228: 225: 222:configuration. 198: 195: 178:fleet carriers 143:naval aviation 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10059: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10005: 9999: 9998:Training ship 9996: 9994: 9993:River monitor 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9958:Drone carrier 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9943:Barracks ship 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9926:Miscellaneous 9924: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9897:Human torpedo 9895: 9893: 9890: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9844: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9817:Naval tugboat 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9807:Hospital ship 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9792:Dispatch boat 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9592:Naval trawler 9590: 9588: 9587:Naval drifter 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9491:Landing craft 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9462: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9369:Scout cruiser 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9354:Light cruiser 9352: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9342:Heavy cruiser 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9332:Battlecruiser 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9302: 9299: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9221:Fleet carrier 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9201:Battlecarrier 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9127: 9124: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9103: 9098: 9094: 9087: 9082: 9080: 9075: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8914: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8701:Landing craft 8699: 8697: 8696:Hospital ship 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8666:Battlecruiser 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8430:East Indiaman 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8400:Dutch clipper 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8327: 8322: 8320: 8315: 8313: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8297: 8293: 8288: 8287: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8257: 8253: 8251:9781612514284 8247: 8243: 8242: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8195: 8192:(37): 1–171. 8191: 8187: 8182: 8170: 8166: 8164:9780870210549 8160: 8156: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8111: 8099: 8094: 8090: 8088:0-85368-938-5 8084: 8080: 8075: 8071: 8066: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8033: 8021: 8017: 8015:9780870217395 8011: 8007: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7953: 7952:seaforces.org 7949: 7943: 7927: 7923: 7917: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7861: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7753: 7734: 7727: 7721: 7719: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7651: 7647: 7646:The Telegraph 7643: 7636: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7611: 7605: 7603: 7594: 7588: 7586: 7577: 7573: 7566: 7558: 7552: 7544: 7540: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7508:. Naval News. 7507: 7506:navalnews.com 7503: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7470: 7466: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7442: 7434: 7428: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7391: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7315: 7308:. 2 May 2023. 7307: 7303: 7297: 7289: 7285: 7284:haberturk.com 7281: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7262:haberturk.com 7259: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7227: 7223: 7217: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7180: 7178: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7125: 7119: 7104: 7100: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7005: 6996: 6981: 6978:, Free webs, 6977: 6976: 6968: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6911: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6827: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6640: 6636: 6629: 6614: 6610: 6603: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6490: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6462: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6409: 6393: 6389: 6382: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6307: 6300: 6294: 6283: 6276: 6270: 6254: 6251:. Free webs. 6250: 6246: 6245:"Cavour Page" 6240: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6204: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6170: 6164: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6014: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5680: 5678: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5560: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5325: 5319: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5266: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5093:. Fincantieri 5092: 5086: 5079: 5078:Friedman 1983 5074: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4886: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4695: 4686: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4580: 4575: 4567: 4560: 4554:, p. 92. 4553: 4548: 4540: 4533: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4423: 4419: 4417: 4409: 4393: 4389: 4387: 4379: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4250: 4246: 4244: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4156: 4139: 4135: 4133: 4125: 4123: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4080: 4072: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3967: 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