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terminate treaties relating to foreign policy. The secretary also can participate in international conferences, organizations, and agencies as a representative of the United States. The secretary communicates issues relating to the U.S. foreign policy to
Congress and citizens. The secretary also provides services to U.S. citizens living or traveling abroad such as providing credentials in the form of passports. Doing this, the secretary also ensures the protection of citizens, their property, and interests in foreign countries.
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389:, and the drafting of certain proclamations. The secretary also negotiates with the individual states over the extradition of fugitives to foreign countries. Under federal law, the resignation of a president or of a vice president is valid only if declared in writing, in an instrument delivered to the office of the secretary of state. Accordingly, the resignations of President
404:
Although they have historically decreased over time, Congress may occasionally add to the responsibilities of the secretary of state. One such instance occurred in 2014, when
Congress passed the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act which mandated actions the
380:
Secretaries of state also have domestic responsibilities. Most of the historical domestic functions of the
Department of State were gradually transferred to other agencies by the late 19th century as part of various administrative reforms and restructurings. Those that remain include storage and use
360:
and administer the
Department of State. The secretary must also advise the president on U.S. foreign matters such as the appointment of diplomats and ambassadors, advising the president of the dismissal and recall of these people. The secretary of state can conduct negotiations, interpret, and
551:
have also campaigned as presidential candidates, either before or after their term of office as
Secretary of State, but were ultimately unsuccessful. The position of Secretary of State has therefore been viewed to be a consolation prize for failed presidential candidates.
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What are the
Qualifications of a Secretary of State? He ought to be a Man of universal Reading in Laws, Governments, History. Our whole terrestrial Universe ought to be summarily comprehended in his Mind.
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as its first office holder, the secretary of state represents the United States to foreign countries, and is therefore considered analogous to a
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reestablished the department, renaming it the
Department of State, and created the office of secretary of state to lead the department.
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1986:
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116:
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1064:"H.R.3212 – 113th Congress (2013–2014): Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014"
1011:
925:
3421:
3215:
3126:
2608:
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305:, are generally regarded as the four most crucial Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments.
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established the
Department of Foreign Affairs in 1781 and created the office of secretary of foreign affairs. After the
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Secretary of State must take in order to facilitate the return of abducted children from nations who are party to the
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2009:
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892:"An Act to provide for the Safe-keeping of the Acts, Records, and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes"
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in other countries. The secretary of state is nominated by the president of the United States and, following a
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As the highest-ranking member of the cabinet, the secretary of state is the third-highest official of the
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341:
866:"An Act for establishing an Executive Department, to be denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs"
653:"3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act"
3168:
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2408:
2145:
1595:
1267:
947:
329:
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Office of the U.S. Special
Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment
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2327:
974:"Administrative Timeline of the Department of State – Department History – Office of the Historian"
259:
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89:
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8:
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Office of the United States
Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority
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of the U.S. federal government, after the president and vice president, and is fourth in
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1845:
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656:
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The Development of National Administrative Organization in the United States, Issue 10
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Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784–1822
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436:
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208:
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Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy
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488:
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The stated duties of the secretary of state are to supervise the United States
317:
71:
2752:
1170:
An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State in the Twentieth Century
3405:
3021:
2931:
1970:
List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States
1927:
1830:
1820:
1700:
1660:
1555:
1550:
792:"Salary Table No. 2021-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)"
567:
List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States
536:
440:
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1301:
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was created from a revision of this article dated 23 February 2010
586:
262:. The office holder is the second-highest-ranking member of the president's
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1785:
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1590:
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1430:
1411:
1202:
532:
508:
444:
320:, who was confirmed on January 26, 2021, by the Senate by a vote of 78–22.
775:"Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch" (1997).
459: – have gone on to be elected president. Others, including
3318:
3011:
3001:
1939:
1835:
1815:
1095:"Why Do Secretaries of State Make Such Terrible Presidential Candidates?"
394:
386:
2236:
Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
1915:
1720:
1640:
1575:
1363:
544:
528:
468:
460:
373:
101:
407:
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
2663:
Office of the Secretary's Special Representative for Syria Engagement
1800:
313:
737:"Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs"
397:
were formalized in instruments delivered to then-Secretary of State
3032:
1715:
1506:
1198:
1183:'s Secretaries of State: Stettinius, Byrnes, Marshall and Acheson"
1288:
3129:• ** Ambiguity exists concerning eligibility to act as president
2668:
Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology
675:
328:
The secretary of state originates from the government under the
316:
221,400, as of January 2021). The current secretary of state is
2917:
Presidential line of succession in the United States of America
2535:
Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism
1276:
2507:
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
2259:
Office of the Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary
617:"United Nations Heads of State, Protocol and Liaison Service"
2674:
Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs
763:
824:"U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress – 1st Session"
680:
678:
2436:
Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services
1010:. United States Department of State. January 20, 2009.
1004:"Duties of the Secretary of State of the United States"
2108:
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
2060:
Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources
1482:
846:
2359:
United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy
2287:
Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
2008:
1163:
The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy
1034:"3 U.S. Code § 20 – Resignation or refusal of office"
312:
and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level (
2680:
Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate
2115:
Office of the U.S. Coordinator for the Arctic Region
266:, after the vice president, and ranks fourth in the
2542:
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
2280:
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
2685:Office of the Special Representative for Venezuela
562:List of secretaries of state of the United States
3403:
2493:Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations
1195:online American Statesmen: Secretaries of State
435:Six past secretaries of state –
2576:Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy
2071:Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
347:
3152:
2901:
2860:Health, Education, and Welfare
2738:
2514:Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
1994:
1468:
1444:
254:) is a member of the executive branch of the
2804:Housing and Urban Development
2500:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2174:Bureau of International Organization Affairs
2755:United States federal executive departments
2467:Office of Management Strategy and Solutions
2178:United States Mission to the United Nations
3167:Government of the United States under the
3159:
3145:
3051:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2908:
2894:
2745:
2731:
2321:Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
2001:
1987:
1475:
1461:
1306:
310:Level I position in the Executive Schedule
62:
21:Secretary of state (U.S. state government)
2528:Office of International Religious Freedom
2416:Bureau of Information Resource Management
2193:Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
1282:Secretaries of State of the United States
293:. The secretary of state, along with the
3432:1789 establishments in the United States
2794:Health and Human Services
2160:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
1337:Order of precedence of the United States
1259:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
1242:
2938:Speaker of the House of Representatives
2430:Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations
2222:Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs
2167:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
2102:Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy
1388:Secretary-General of the United Nations
1105:from the original on September 18, 2021
426:speaker of the House of Representatives
3404:
3041:Secretary of Health and Human Services
2482:Under Secretary for Civilian Security,
2461:Director of Diplomatic Reception Rooms
996:
984:from the original on November 11, 2021
910:
663:from the original on December 26, 2018
3140:
2889:
2726:
2300:International Security Advisory Board
1982:
1456:
1443:
1172:scholarly essays on John Hay through
1128:
1092:
1044:from the original on December 2, 2017
852:
834:from the original on January 30, 2021
804:from the original on January 29, 2022
784:
718:from the original on January 18, 2022
597:from the original on January 30, 2021
287:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
270:; first amongst cabinet secretaries.
3385:Journals of the Continental Congress
2294:Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
2200:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
1398:U.S. presidential line of succession
946:
2948:President pro tempore of the Senate
2583:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
2213:Growth, Energy, and the Environment
1407:President pro tempore of the Senate
1206:short scholarly articles by experts
1014:from the original on August 8, 2019
928:from the original on August 8, 2019
430:president pro tempore of the Senate
13:
3417:United States secretaries of state
2409:Bureau of Global Talent Management
1484:United States Secretaries of State
1328:Ambassadors from the United States
1229:
1155:
918:"Duties of the Secretary of State"
626:. January 29, 2021. Archived from
381:of the Great Seal, performance of
16:Head of the US Department of State
14:
3443:
3412:United States Department of State
2625:Office of Diversity and Inclusion
2521:Office of Global Criminal Justice
2010:United States Department of State
1210:
1165:(19 vols.), scholarly biographies
1093:Stone, Andrea (August 12, 2014).
1038:LII / Legal Information Institute
591:United States Department of State
338:Constitution of the United States
3324:Maryland State House (1783–1784)
2269:Under Secretary for Arms Control
2124:
1515:
1351:Ambassadors to the United States
1294:United States Secretary of State
1287:
1275:
1241:
1186:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
1168:Graebner, Norman A., ed. (1961)
1161:Bemis, Samuel Flagg, ed. (1963)
1074:from the original on May 1, 2022
739:, Protocol and Liaison Service,
248:United States secretary of state
48:
36:
31:United States Secretary of State
2707:Foreign Service Grievance Board
2645:Office of the Chief of Protocol
2631:Office of Global Women's Issues
2328:Bureau of Global Public Affairs
1192:Mihalkanin, Edward, ed. (2004)
1121:
1086:
1056:
1026:
966:
940:
884:
858:
816:
268:presidential line of succession
3107:Secretary of Homeland Security
2341:International Expositions Unit
2247:Office of Global Food Security
2186:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
769:
746:
730:
694:
645:
609:
579:
418:line to succeed the presidency
54:Flag of the secretary of state
42:Seal of the secretary of state
1:
3314:Independence Hall (1779–1783)
3097:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
2590:Bureau of Legislative Affairs
2472:Office of White House Liaison
2402:Bureau of Diplomatic Security
2388:Bureau of Budget and Planning
2346:Office of Global Youth Issues
2253:Office of Global Partnerships
2242:Office of the Chief Economist
2087:Deputy Secretary of State for
766:. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
743:. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
572:
334:Congress of the Confederation
3422:Cabinet of the United States
3257:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
2855:Commerce and Labor
2613:Foreign Affairs Policy Board
2312:Diplomacy and Public Affairs
2211:Under Secretary for Economic
2097:Office of Foreign Assistance
1492:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
1179:Hopkins, Michael F. (2008) "
1129:Short, Lloyd Milton (1923).
181:Secretary of Foreign Affairs
7:
3185:Second Continental Congress
3064:Secretary of Transportation
2652:Office of the Legal Adviser
2638:Office of Inspector General
2484:Democracy, and Human Rights
555:
348:Duties and responsibilities
279:minister of foreign affairs
239:Executive Schedule, Level I
76:since January 26, 2021
10:
3450:
2454:Office of Foreign Missions
2423:Bureau of Medical Services
2395:Bureau of Consular Affairs
2310:Under Secretary for Public
2271:and International Security
2229:Bureau of Energy Resources
2153:Bureau of Counterterrorism
956:Little, Brown, and Company
342:1st United States Congress
323:
18:
3342:
3329:French Arms Tavern (1784)
3306:
3270:
3242:Superintendent of Finance
3229:
3208:
3175:
3169:Articles of Confederation
3123:
2998:Secretary of the Interior
2968:Secretary of the Treasury
2923:
2847:
2761:
2554:directly to the Secretary
2552:Bureaus/Offices reporting
2551:
2480:
2442:Foreign Service Institute
2368:
2308:
2267:
2209:
2146:Bureau of African Affairs
2133:
2122:
2082:Deputy Secretary of State
2080:
2049:Deputy Secretary of State
2016:
1967:
1524:
1513:
1490:
1450:
1445:Links to related articles
1426:Secretary of the Treasury
1422:
1417:
1403:
1396:
1375:
1359:
1347:
1334:
1324:
1316:
1189:v.6 n.3 pp. 290–304.
702:"Abbreviations and Terms"
330:Articles of Confederation
295:secretary of the treasury
234:
224:
214:
204:
186:
176:
162:
144:
132:
122:
117:National Security Council
108:
88:
81:
59:
47:
35:
30:
3334:Federal Hall (1785–1789)
3008:Secretary of Agriculture
2381:Bureau of Administration
2335:Global Engagement Center
2089:Management and Resources
1370:as Former Vice-President
1318:U.S. order of precedence
922:U.S. Department of State
758:October 1, 2017, at the
308:Secretary of State is a
94:Mr. Secretary (informal)
19:Not to be confused with
3427:United States diplomacy
3200:Committee of the States
2658:Office of the Ombudsman
2569:Office of the Counselor
2446:Office of the Historian
2024:Harry S Truman Building
778:Congressional Quarterly
192:; 235 years ago
163:Constituting instrument
3230:Civil Offices/Officers
3209:Congressional Officers
3190:Confederation Congress
3087:Secretary of Education
2799:Homeland Security
2712:Secretary's Open Forum
2620:Office of Civil Rights
1331:(while at their posts)
1292:Quotations related to
1237:
1217:Listen to this article
1181:President Harry Truman
517:William Jennings Bryan
393:and of Vice President
369:
289:, is confirmed by the
3018:Secretary of Commerce
2839:Veterans Affairs
2609:Policy Planning Staff
2597:Executive Secretariat
1342:as Secretary of State
1236:
753:NATO Member Countries
633:on September 14, 2020
364:
273:Created in 1789 with
3360:Proclamation of 1783
3350:Confederation period
2978:Secretary of Defense
1354:(in order of tenure)
1284:at Wikimedia Commons
1268:More spoken articles
1099:Smithsonian Magazine
948:Ford, Worthington C.
898:. September 15, 1789
587:"Protocol Reference"
525:Charles Evans Hughes
299:secretary of defense
283:confirmation hearing
258:and the head of the
3380:Northwest Ordinance
3375:1785 Land Ordinance
3370:1784 Land Ordinance
3298:Continental Marines
3247:Agent of the Marine
3074:Secretary of Energy
2135:Under Secretary for
1137:Johns Hopkins Press
709:2001-2009.state.gov
260:Department of State
83:Department of State
3319:Nassau Hall (1783)
3288:Commander in Chief
3237:Postmaster General
3112:Alejandro Mayorkas
3028:Secretary of Labor
2958:Secretary of State
2038:Secretary of State
1529:1789–present
1526:Secretary of State
1238:
1174:John Foster Dulles
1070:. August 8, 2014.
657:Cornell Law School
501:Elihu B. Washburne
385:functions for the
358:immigration policy
340:was ratified, the
256:federal government
190:July 27, 1789
157:advice and consent
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3134:
3133:
3079:Jennifer Granholm
2883:
2882:
2720:
2719:
2702:Iran Action Group
2601:Operations Center
2137:Political Affairs
1976:
1975:
1438:
1437:
1423:Succeeded by
1392:
1376:Succeeded by
1373:
1348:Succeeded by
1280:Media related to
1234:
1135:. United States:
978:history.state.gov
855:, pp. 55–56.
521:Philander C. Knox
513:Walter Q. Gresham
493:Jeremiah S. Black
449:John Quincy Adams
244:
243:
3439:
3365:Ratification Day
3293:Continental Navy
3283:Continental Army
3262:Court of Appeals
3252:Secretary at War
3161:
3154:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3127:act as president
3125:* Ineligible to
3115:
3082:
3059:
3036:
2988:Attorney General
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2870:Post Office
2747:
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2713:
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2255:
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2224:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
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2162:
2155:
2148:
2128:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2073:
2062:
2056:Richard R. Verma
2051:
2045:Kurt M. Campbell
2040:
2027:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1519:
1518:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1414:
1404:Preceded by
1383:
1380:António Guterres
1367:
1360:Preceded by
1343:
1325:Preceded by
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1304:
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828:U.S. Senate
689:§ 5312
667:February 4,
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395:Spiro Agnew
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1364:Mike Pence
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1264:Audio help
1255:2010-02-23
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573:References
545:John Kerry
529:Elihu Root
469:Lewis Cass
461:Henry Clay
428:, and the
374:John Adams
215:Succession
197:1789-07-27
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