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to speak to the Oregon State
Legislature regarding the need to regulate trucks, in order to protect the condition of highways; he intended to follow this with a similar address to the Washington State Legislature. He became acutely ill on the way and died from natural causes aged 74 years. The
976:
As for their children, daughter Mary suffered all of her life from emotional and mental problems, and spent much of her life institutionalized. Sam and Mary's son James N.B. Hill lived the life of a wealthy man, but never impressed his father's biographer as having made any particular mark on the
403:
His
Seattle Gas and Electric Company was continually in hard-fought rivalry with other utilities, most notably head-on competition with the Citizens' Light and Power Company, whose leadership included several defectors from Hill's company. Ultimately, after a price war, Hill was able to sell the
786:
Hill began to build a mansion at
Maryhill, but the project was not completed in his lifetime due to a combination of financial reversals and his frustration at the State of Washington's failure to build a road on the north bank of the Columbia or to otherwise make the area readily accessible.
985:
It is not clear whether Sam had been unfaithful to his wife before she abandoned him but he certainly did not remain faithful afterward. He had at least three children by other women whom he provided for by setting up insurance policies, trusts in their names, etc.
951:
Their marriage was never a love-match and by 1900 when Sam had decided to settle in
Seattle, the marriage was coming apart. Mary left Sam in Seattle and moved back to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area with their children; she eventually moved to
245:. However, around 1900 they had some type of falling out, the nature and degree of which is unclear; it is not even clear whether the falling out was over business matters, Sam and Mary's difficult marriage, or possible early symptoms of Sam's
1050:, 1983) occasionally questions aspects of Hill's own account of his life and doings or finds contradictions in anecdotes told at various times. He believes that Hill was at least somewhat
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408:
431:
265:
336:. He continually gathered harbor depth soundings and information about ocean temperatures in order to map ocean currents. He had this information added to high-quality custom-made
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by her mother's marriage of convenience to a German-Swiss man named Henry Ehrens who soon returned permanently to Europe. The couple were granted a divorce in 1918.
865:
as its librarian in 1884. In 1907, he donated a collection of
Chinese prints. He eventually acquired all the stock of the Athenaeum Company, which he donated to
958:
Mary never returned to
Seattle, but up to 1907 Sam continued to visit her in the Midwest or back East at least twice a year. He even bought an estate at
2160:
329:
nine times between 1897 and 1922. All of Hill's extensive travels were during an era when transportation was limited to surface vehicles and vessels.
609:
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Tuhy raises the possibility that some early aspect of this "instability" might have played a part in Sam's parting of ways in business from
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481:
resident. Taken as a whole, his attempt to create the
Maryhill community was one of Hill's least successful investments: He spent at least
924:
Their two children were Mary
Mendenhall Hill (born 3 July 1889) and James Nathan Branson Hill (born 23 August 1893). Mary was
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and Hill experimented over its length with seven different paving techniques. The part of this road that remains – now called the
287:
after six months in
Seattle, with their two children and without Sam. He stayed in Seattle and embarked on a number of ventures in the
1639:
1081:", even though the historical record shows no indication of any significant business errors on Sam's part during his association with
932:, but over the next decade or two he maintained excellent relations with various Catholic clergy – even some close friendships.
2185:
1965:
Tuhy states the Wild West Show connection as fact, but Bell's biographer John A. Harrison was not able to substantiate it; see:
2180:
962:, where Sam hoped he and Mary would occasionally stay together, but their relationship continued to grow cold. Because she was
333:
921:, on 6 September 1888. A generous wedding gift from her father placed them immediately into the ranks of the wealthy.
917:
Sam Hill married Marie
Francis Hill (also known as Mamie Hill and, after their marriage, as Mary Hill Hill), a daughter of
513:
the restaurant benefited from being on the Canadian side of the border, where alcoholic beverages could be served legally.
438:
was another business failure. At the end of his life the shares in this last enterprise were worthless, due in part to the
1034:. Sam arranged a marriage of convenience for Mona Bell to his cousin Edgar Hill, again allowing his child to be raised as
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Starting in 1907, Sam Hill bought up most of what had been a small settlement called "Columbia" or "Columbus" near the
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Another was Elizabeth Ehrens (born 27 December 1914). Her mother was Annie Laurie Whelan, Sam's secretary at the
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even though it required many transcontinental trips each year to attend meetings. He also joined (and, at times, led)
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for his burial site, and designed his own monument. His original monument did not last, and has since been replaced.
459:
191:"). Despite attending only one year, he became an extremely active Harvard alumnus, serving for several years on the
1968:
249:. In any event, the break was not a sharp one: The two men continued a friendly correspondence in business matters.
843:
highway crosses the U.S.–Canada border, celebrates peaceful relations and the open border between the two nations.
510:
126:
1488:, pp. 235, 258–259, 281, 285; p. 281 notes that it netted a small liability in the settling of his will.
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One of these children is identified by Hill biographer John E. Tuhy, writing in 1983, only as a "son who lives in
760:. It was built by Hill as a reminder that in the present day people are still being sacrificed to the god of war.
628:
in highway engineering. He could not persuade the State of Washington to build a highway on the north bank of the
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706:
656:
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visited Maryhill to inspect his experimental prototype road. Subsequently, the State of Oregon built the scenic
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602:– is normally open to pedestrians and bicyclists and closed to motor traffic. It is the site of annual
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238:
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20:
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959:
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427:– Hill himself was the largest of these – ultimately received 70 cents on the dollar.
192:
230:, who hired Sam to represent the railway. In 1888 Sam Hill married James Hill's eldest daughter Mary.
840:
383:
in the Degree of the Grand Cross. Her 1926 visit to the United States was largely at his invitation.
395:
in 1900, Sam Hill undertook a variety of business ventures and other projects, with varied results.
1116:
683:
621:
84:
966:, a divorce was out of the question for Mary; the possibility might not even have been discussed.
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to create the Washington State Department of Transportation in 1905. He also advocated the use of
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company's gas facilities to the consolidated Seattle Lighting Company in 1904 on favorable terms.
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of German manufacture repeatedly commissioned from 1902–1914, which Hill gave as gifts.
1452:, pp. 233–252, especially p. 235 for Hill's prominent role in her coming to America
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as well as mathematics, science, English literature, logic, rhetoric, and political science.
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1946:
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and built her a 22-room house which was eventually demolished for the construction of the
466:, after his wife and his daughter Mary – neither of whom ever actually lived there.
26:
8:
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Sam Hill's last child was Sam Bettle Hill (born August 1928, died 1997) son by
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in 1926, but did not open to the public until 1940, nine years after Hill's death.
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Sam Hill built two notable monuments and an art museum, and purchased the private
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in 1912 and 1916. He eventually came to oppose Wilson some time after the end of
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224:
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Sam Hill was an "inveterate globetrotter". He was fluent in German, French, and
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894:
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48:(13 May 1857 – 26 February 1931), was an American businessman,
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1864:. p. 33 for wedding date, p. 82–85 for Stockbridge and Sam's visits
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Mary increasingly withdrew from the world: By 1921 she was described by the
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in 1879, he returned to Minneapolis to practice law. A number of successful
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is possibly his greatest legacy, he is now best remembered for building the
1544:
1063:
935:
1058:, state in his many, often abortive projects in the 1920s and possibly of
655:. In recognition of his influence, a plaque honoring him was placed along
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was at least in some degree disappointed in him: He writes about having "
1011:, a flamboyant bareback rider turned reporter; who allegedly appeared in
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In the early 20th century, Hill was the only American member of the
280:
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and Sam agreed that their children would be raised Catholic. Sam was a
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64:
56:
executive, and advocate of good roads. He substantially influenced the
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1008:
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1969:"Mona Bell won entrepreneur, beat government, stood tall on her own"
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was such a disastrous choice for president that he openly endorsed
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53:
1038:, and this time as a legal member of his natural father's family.
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99:
1775:"Stonehenge Memorial & Klickitat County Veterans' Memorials"
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which had ruptured into the stomach, producing fatal / terminal
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in 1878 (also his father's alma mater). At Haverford he studied
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in December 1900, but his wife Mary did not take well to
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region's economic development in the early 20th century.
1073:. A 1901 letter from Sam to James suggests that Sam believed
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360:
347:, who made him a Commander of the Crown and Honorary Belgian
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as "virtually an invalid", although she lived until 1947.
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in 1879. At Harvard he continued his Latin and history ("
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Sam Hill was also a strong advocate of better roads for
522:
Good roads are more than my hobby, they are my religion.
407:
Other ventures into utilities was less successful: The
1022:
The year before their child was born, Sam bought Bell
555:. In September 1899 Hill created the Washington State
343:
Among the friends Hill made in his travels was King
233:
For over a decade, Hill played an important role in
67:, a monument to 100 years of peace between the
1696:. Beaverton, Oregon: TMS Book Service. p. 68.
904:He was generally ill-disposed toward labor unions.
16:
American businessman, lawyer and railroad executive
2092:
881:and at times was active in the party. He disliked
501:, just north of the U.S.–Canada border and Hill's
485:that never paid back in any significant measure.
30:Sketch of Hill in 1889, the year after he married
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1535:
1533:
1464:, pp. 91–101; p. 94 for the defections
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861:, a private subscription library, and recruited
857:Hill served for a time as vice president of the
493:A more modest, but successful undertaking was a
458:, which he envisioned as a new community in the
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1267:
794:, Sam decided to re-purpose the building as an
2030:, pp. 50, 57, 107, 117, 169, 255, 267–268
1194:
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1054:and sees strong signs of a manic, or at least
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817:A plaque honoring Samuel Hill, mounted on the
415:telephones in the region, but ultimately this
275:Hill had announced his intention to settle in
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700:
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321:. Hill made at least fifty separate trips to
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594:100,000). It was the first such road in the
317:, and learned at least a moderate amount of
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423:. Its stockholders were wiped out, and its
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1966:
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325:in the course of his lifetime and visited
2161:19th-century American railroad executives
1777:. Maryhill Museum of Art. 5 February 2013
469:His original plan was to develop it as a
223:attracted the attention of the railway's
183:) and studied forensics and philosophy ("
1543:. Maryhill Museum of Art. Archived from
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934:
846:
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762:
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505:. The restaurant was basically an early
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33:
25:
19:For other people named Samuel Hill, see
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1637:
545:advocating construction of modern roads
2143:
2095:Sam Hill: The Prince of Castle Nowhere
1743:, pp. 190–194 Maryhill Stonehenge
1407:
1048:Sam Hill: The Prince of Castle Nowhere
775:
734:
624:to establish the United States' first
264:, where he had major interests in the
203:Early career and relocation to Seattle
1959:
1640:"Skateboarding Glides into New Phase"
445:
375:together in 1922. He also befriended
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185:German Philosophy of the Present Day
2191:History of transportation in Oregon
606:races and downhill bicycle events.
543:Sam Hill devoted much attention to
13:
2099:, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press,
1541:"The Historic Maryhill Loops Road"
1079:often been an embarrassment to you
947:architects Hornblower and Marshall
885:'s trust-busting and thought that
497:and a large, simple restaurant at
419:lost out to the better-integrated
409:Home Telephone Company of Portland
294:
268:, which was focused mainly in the
133:. His family was displaced by the
14:
2212:
2113:
980:
867:the public Minneapolis Foundation
615:Columbia: America's Great Highway
137:and Sam grew up after the war in
1046:Hill's biographer John E. Tuhy (
943:mansion in Seattle, designed by
432:Deep Water Coal and Iron Company
393:his father-in-law J.J. Hill
266:Seattle Gas and Electric Company
256:on the then not-quite-completed
237:business endeavors, both at the
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2033:
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2009:
1997:
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1939:
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657:Historic Columbia River Highway
578:. From 1909–1913 he laid
171:for a year to receive a second
2186:Washington (state) Republicans
1848:; see especially p. 44–45
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1097:Tombstone of Samuel Hill near
386:
207:After Sam Hill graduated from
199:in several cities in the U.S.
1:
2181:History of Washington (state)
2120:HistoryLink Essay on Sam Hill
2084:
1809:, pp. 187–190 Peace Arch
824:
674:the bridge near Maryhill for
477:, but Sam was the only known
417:independent telephone company
334:Geographic Society of Germany
2018:, pp. 24, 111, 183, 185
1638:Higgins, Matt (2010-07-20).
1109:recorded cause of death is "
790:At the urging of his friend
695:Order of the Sacred Treasure
620:In 1907, Hill persuaded the
561:Washington State Legislature
456:Klickitat County, Washington
391:After leaving the employ of
252:After a 1901 journey across
95:. Although his promotion of
21:Samuel Hill (disambiguation)
7:
1476:, pp. 118–121, 124–125
1042:Character and mental health
971:St. Paul Pioneer Press
912:
872:
853:Minneapolis Central Library
641:Oregon Legislative Assembly
306:Sunset, The Pacific Monthly
177:Colonial History of America
10:
2217:
2196:Businesspeople from Oregon
2130:Oregon Public Broadcasting
1591:"Hill, Samuel (1857-1931)"
1589:David Wilma (2003-01-18).
960:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
850:
828:
779:
738:
701:Monuments and institutions
489:Golf course and restaurant
260:, Hill settled in 1902 in
193:Harvard Board of Overseers
189:Advanced Political Economy
18:
2176:Harvard University alumni
1967:John Terry (2010-01-31).
1128:Hill chose a ledge below
1089:Death and burial monument
1024:35 acres (140,000 m)
756:commemorates the dead of
590:road at his own expense (
243:Minneapolis Trust Company
121:Sam Hill was born into a
63:His projects include the
41:replica and war memorial.
2171:Haverford College alumni
2127:Documentary produced by
2042:, pp. 107, 264, 273
1667:, pp. 110, 140, 142
1527:, pp. 227, 247, 256
1135:
1117:lesser peritoneal cavity
908:Personal and family life
684:Sam Hill Memorial Bridge
622:University of Washington
613:Art from the 1916 book,
517:Advocate for paved roads
241:and as president of the
117:Early life and education
75:, on the border between
1833:, pp. 166–169, 247
1754:"Sam Hill's Stonehenge"
1616:, pp. 137–139, 148
1062:in his belief that the
802:was dedicated by Queen
672:advocacy for good roads
647:, which linked coastal
2136:Maryhill Museum of Art
2091:Tuhy, John E. (1983),
1692:Bullard, Oral (1985).
1130:his Stonehenge replica
1101:
998:Home Telephone Company
948:
891:William Jennings Bryan
821:
782:Maryhill Museum of Art
772:
769:Maryhill Museum of Art
731:
645:Columbia River Highway
617:
580:10 miles (16 km)
574:proved useful for his
557:Good Roads Association
540:
530:
509:establishment. During
462:. He named the parcel
379:, who granted him the
377:Queen Marie of Romania
363:. Hill and his friend
310:
258:Trans-Siberian Railway
221:Great Northern Railway
139:Minneapolis, Minnesota
93:Maryhill Museum of Art
42:
31:
2201:Minnesota Republicans
1900:, pp. 61–69, 86.
1300:, pp. 58, 91–101
1104:In 1931 Hill went to
1096:
1066:was out to harm him.
938:
877:Hill identified as a
859:Minneapolis Athenaeum
847:Minneapolis Athenaeum
816:
766:
719:
707:Minneapolis Athenaeum
670:Also in honor of his
612:
535:
520:
373:around-the-world trip
302:
37:
29:
2166:Columbia River Gorge
559:which persuaded the
303:Hill as depicted in
144:Hill graduated from
111:Maryhill, Washington
1099:Maryhill Stonehenge
887:William Howard Taft
776:Maryhill Art Museum
741:Maryhill Stonehenge
735:Maryhill Stonehenge
722:Maryhill Stonehenge
600:Maryhill Loops Road
570:Hill's land around
537:Maryhill Loops Road
345:Albert I of Belgium
262:Seattle, Washington
235:his father-in-law's
39:Maryhill Stonehenge
2066:, pp. 276–277
1994:, pp. 286–289
1936:, pp. 282–286
1797:, pp. 212–217
1756:. Roadside America
1679:, pp. 147–156
1645:The New York Times
1567:, pp. 129–156
1503:, pp. 197–212
1428:, pp. 262–264
1416:, pp. 170–172
1213:, pp. 160–161
1102:
949:
822:
773:
732:
709:and donated it to
676:U.S. Route 97
653:The Dalles, Oregon
618:
541:
539:viewed from aloft.
446:Maryhill community
381:Order of the Crown
311:
283:and moved back to
213:Harvard University
169:Harvard University
135:American Civil War
43:
32:
1947:"Sam Bettle Hill"
1162:, pp. 13, 21
1150:, pp. 13, 16
1083:his father-in-law
1075:his father-in-law
1013:Buffalo Bill Cody
841:Interstate 5
661:Chanticleer Point
596:Pacific Northwest
471:farming community
399:Utility companies
369:Marshal of France
289:Pacific Northwest
209:Haverford College
181:Henry Cabot Lodge
173:bachelor's degree
146:Haverford College
58:Pacific Northwest
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1052:manic-depressive
1025:
1000:. Elizabeth was
991:British Columbia
954:Washington, D.C.
945:Washington, D.C.
839:, where today's
758:World War I
728:World War I
581:
567:to build roads.
528:
440:Great Depression
247:manic tendencies
89:British Columbia
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680:Columbia River
632:, but in 1913
630:Columbia River
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2011:
1999:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1941:
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1905:
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1888:, p. 87
1881:
1869:
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1814:
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1779:. Retrieved
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1748:
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1719:, p. 17
1712:
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1672:
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1649:. Retrieved
1643:
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1598:. Retrieved
1594:
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1549:. Retrieved
1545:the original
1520:
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1332:
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1254:
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1186:, p. 22
1179:
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1064:Soviet Union
1047:
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939:Hill's 1910
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219:against the
211:in 1878 and
206:
188:
184:
176:
167:He attended
166:
143:
120:
100:modern roads
62:
45:
44:
2156:1931 deaths
2151:1857 births
1595:HistoryLink
1121:hemorrhages
1002:legitimized
899:World War I
792:Loie Fuller
678:across the
637:Oswald West
511:Prohibition
495:golf course
483:US$ 600,000
425:bondholders
421:Bell System
413:rotary dial
387:Enterprises
285:Minneapolis
46:Samuel Hill
2145:Categories
2085:References
1978:2010-08-04
1952:2018-01-19
1781:2017-03-12
1760:2017-03-12
1651:2010-09-05
1600:2010-08-03
1551:2010-08-03
1036:legitimate
879:Republican
837:Peace Arch
831:Peace Arch
825:Peace Arch
819:Peace Arch
800:The museum
796:art museum
747:Stonehenge
549:Washington
503:Peace Arch
411:pioneered
371:) made an
357:Washington
309:, in 1913.
272:business.
127:Deep River
125:family in
104:Stonehenge
91:, and the
81:Washington
65:Peace Arch
2076:Tuhy 1983
2064:Tuhy 1983
2052:Tuhy 1983
2040:Tuhy 1983
2028:Tuhy 1983
2016:Tuhy 1983
2004:Tuhy 1983
1992:Tuhy 1983
1934:Tuhy 1983
1922:Tuhy 1983
1910:Tuhy 1983
1898:Tuhy 1983
1886:Tuhy 1983
1874:Tuhy 1983
1858:Tuhy 1983
1843:Tuhy 1983
1831:Tuhy 1983
1819:Tuhy 1983
1807:Tuhy 1983
1795:Tuhy 1983
1741:Tuhy 1983
1729:Tuhy 1983
1717:Tuhy 1983
1677:Tuhy 1983
1665:Tuhy 1983
1626:Tuhy 1983
1614:Tuhy 1983
1577:Tuhy 1983
1565:Tuhy 1983
1525:Tuhy 1983
1513:Tuhy 1983
1501:Tuhy 1983
1486:Tuhy 1983
1474:Tuhy 1983
1462:Tuhy 1983
1450:Tuhy 1983
1438:Tuhy 1983
1426:Tuhy 1983
1414:Tuhy 1983
1402:Tuhy 1983
1390:Tuhy 1983
1378:Tuhy 1983
1366:Tuhy 1983
1354:Tuhy 1983
1337:Tuhy 1983
1322:Tuhy 1983
1310:Tuhy 1983
1298:Tuhy 1983
1286:Tuhy 1983
1274:Tuhy 1983
1259:Tuhy 1983
1247:Tuhy 1983
1235:Tuhy 1983
1223:Tuhy 1983
1211:Tuhy 1983
1199:Tuhy 1983
1184:Tuhy 1983
1172:Tuhy 1983
1160:Tuhy 1983
1148:Tuhy 1983
1056:hypomanic
1009:Mona Bell
730:memorial.
697:in 1922.
604:longboard
507:fast food
499:Semiahmoo
2125:Sam Hill
1326:et. seq.
1060:paranoia
964:Catholic
941:concrete
926:Catholic
913:Marriage
873:Politics
754:Maryhill
711:the city
639:and the
576:advocacy
572:Maryhill
527:Sam Hill
525:—
464:Maryhill
270:coal gas
217:lawsuits
179:" under
54:railroad
1115:of the
1113:abscess
1026:on the
977:world.
808:Romania
750:replica
725:replica
588:Macadam
586:-paved
584:asphalt
475:Quakers
436:Alabama
319:Russian
315:Italian
277:Seattle
187:" and "
107:replica
2103:
1862:passim
1846:passim
1700:
930:Quaker
665:Oregon
553:Oregon
479:Quaker
359:, and
353:Oregon
349:Consul
338:globes
323:Europe
254:Russia
162:German
160:, and
158:French
123:Quaker
85:Surrey
83:, and
77:Blaine
73:Canada
50:lawyer
1136:Notes
1106:Salem
804:Marie
691:Japan
659:, at
626:chair
367:(the
361:Idaho
327:Japan
154:Greek
150:Latin
97:paved
2101:ISBN
1698:ISBN
835:The
767:The
745:The
720:The
651:and
592:US$
551:and
430:The
351:for
71:and
1111:an
1015:'s
993:".
806:of
752:at
582:of
547:in
473:of
454:in
434:in
109:in
2147::
1971:.
1860:,
1684:^
1642:.
1593:.
1532:^
1493:^
1344:^
1266:^
1191:^
1125:"
1085:.
1019:.
901:.
869:.
798:.
713:.
686:.
667:.
663:,
442:.
355:,
291:.
156:,
152:,
141:.
129:,
113:.
87:,
79:,
52:,
1981:.
1955:.
1784:.
1763:.
1706:.
1654:.
1603:.
1554:.
1123:.
771:.
23:.
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