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Res nullius

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609: 371: 509: 210:
principle was used to justify colonization of much of the world, as exemplified in the competition for influence within Africa by the European powers (see the
650: 169:
Likewise in common law systems, abandoned things are generally the property of the owner of the land in which they are found. Exceptions include
593: 30:
meaning "things belonging to no one"; that is, property not yet the object of rights of any specific subject. A person can assume ownership of
386: 391: 214:). The concept was applied even where there were indigenous peoples residing in what Europeans considered newly discovered land, as in 166:
retains the right to assert ownership of unmarked mute swans, which he currently does on stretches of the Thames and its tributaries.
455: 482: 684: 465: 643: 178: 586: 492: 430: 251: 694: 689: 636: 163: 579: 52: 674: 56:) because they were considered to belong either in common to all or to the divine rather than human 616: 222:, based on similar grounds to those used in the Americas and Australia: in the early stages of the 67: 317:"Argument from Roman law in current international law: Occupation and acquisitive prescription" 303: 254:
with English, Welsh and Scottish colonists. It was also used with regard to plantation of the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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were "not thrifty, and civil and human creatures, but rather savage and brute beasts." (
173:, for which specific law applies, generally making it Crown property; and some types of 99:, and therefore belonged to the first taker. Specific legislation may be made, e.g. for 669: 529: 239: 223: 624: 608: 567: 533: 488: 461: 436: 426: 348: 521: 267: 235: 137: 200: 142: 620: 563: 255: 170: 155: 87: 525: 408:
Acquiring Empire by Law: From Roman doctrine to early modern European practice
663: 382: 377: 195: 231: 100: 78: 43: 510:"The social and economic consequences of the Desmond rebellion of 1579–83" 440: 243: 121: 395:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 440. 316: 95:(i.e. vesting ownership), since a thing completely lost or abandoned is 117: 132:
and when they become someone's property. Wild animals are regarded as
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until reduced into possession by being killed or captured (see, e.g.
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Even bees do not become property until hived. An exception in the
219: 347: 242:, and Irish land use was seen as inefficient, based mostly on 203:
may assert control of an unclaimed territory by occupying it.
238:) Much of the native population had been killed during the 293:(American Philological Society, 1953, 1991), p. 679. 414: 399: 150:
A bird in the hand is owned; a bird in the bush is not.
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Johnston. The International Law of Fisheries. 1987.
362: 184: 358:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 661: 339: 336:(Cambridge University Press, 1939), p. 138. 309: 644: 587: 425:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 132. 405: 218:. It was also used by English colonists in 651: 637: 594: 580: 507: 480: 420: 381: 536:– via Cambridge University Press. 226:it was argued that much of Ireland was 66:as a legal concept continues in modern 662: 481:Anderson, Martin (26 September 2012). 508:McCormack, Anthony M. (26 May 2004). 453: 406:Benton, Lauren; Straumann, Benjamin. 345: 603: 546: 291:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law 179:flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict 13: 136:, and as not being the subject of 91:). Finding can also be a means of 34:simply by taking possession of it 14: 706: 457:Making Ireland British, 1580-1650 246:; thus, land could be claimed as 128:have specified which animals are 607: 369: 352:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 501: 474: 185:Modern public international law 111: 454:Canny, Nicholas (3 May 2001). 447: 326: 296: 279: 1: 334:A Manual of Roman Private Law 273: 685:Legal rules with Latin names 623:. You can help Knowledge by 566:. You can help Knowledge by 423:An Introduction to Roman Law 7: 261: 10: 711: 602: 545: 526:10.1017/S0021121400004053 497:– via Google Books. 484:Interlocutors of Paradise 470:– via Google Books. 85:) or abandoned property ( 16:Latin term from Roman law 615:This article related to 514:Irish Historical Studies 421:Nicholas, Barry (1962). 106: 695:International law stubs 690:Ancient Roman law stubs 392:Encyclopædia Britannica 285:Adolf Berger, entry on 189:A concept derived from 346:Kelly, Joseph (1910). 50:could never be owned ( 355:Catholic Encyclopedia 332:W. W Buckland, 53:res extra commercium 558:This article about 212:scramble for Africa 46:, certain forms of 487:. Skylight Press. 240:Desmond Rebellions 224:Munster Plantation 675:International law 632: 631: 617:international law 575: 574: 467:978-0-19-154201-5 349:"Roman law"  702: 653: 646: 639: 611: 604: 596: 589: 582: 554: 547: 538: 537: 505: 499: 498: 478: 472: 471: 451: 445: 444: 418: 412: 411: 403: 397: 396: 375: 373: 372: 366: 360: 359: 351: 343: 337: 330: 324: 323: 321: 313: 307: 300: 294: 283: 268:Unowned property 236:Anthony Trollope 138:private property 710: 709: 705: 704: 703: 701: 700: 699: 660: 659: 658: 657: 601: 600: 550: 543: 541: 506: 502: 495: 479: 475: 468: 452: 448: 433: 419: 415: 404: 400: 385:, ed. (1911). " 370: 368: 367: 363: 344: 340: 331: 327: 319: 315: 314: 310: 301: 297: 284: 280: 276: 264: 193:by allegory is 187: 143:Pierson v. Post 120:legal systems, 114: 109: 70:legal systems. 17: 12: 11: 5: 708: 698: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 656: 655: 648: 641: 633: 630: 629: 612: 599: 598: 591: 584: 576: 573: 572: 555: 540: 539: 500: 493: 473: 466: 460:. OUP Oxford. 446: 431: 413: 398: 383:Chisholm, Hugh 361: 338: 325: 308: 295: 277: 275: 272: 271: 270: 263: 260: 256:Ards Peninsula 199:. Using it, a 186: 183: 171:treasure trove 156:United Kingdom 152: 151: 113: 110: 108: 105: 88:res derelictae 42:. However, in 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 707: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 665: 654: 649: 647: 642: 640: 635: 634: 628: 626: 622: 618: 613: 610: 606: 605: 597: 592: 590: 585: 583: 578: 577: 571: 569: 565: 561: 556: 553: 549: 548: 544: 535: 531: 527: 523: 520:(133): 1–15. 519: 515: 511: 504: 496: 494:9781908011565 490: 486: 485: 477: 469: 463: 459: 458: 450: 442: 438: 434: 432:0-19-876063-9 428: 424: 417: 409: 402: 394: 393: 388: 384: 379: 378:public domain 365: 357: 356: 350: 342: 335: 329: 318: 312: 305: 299: 292: 288: 282: 278: 269: 266: 265: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 208:terra nullius 204: 202: 198: 197: 196:terra nullius 192: 182: 180: 176: 172: 167: 165: 161: 157: 149: 148: 147: 145: 144: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 89: 84: 83:ferae naturae 80: 76: 71: 69: 65: 62:. The use of 61: 60: 55: 54: 49: 45: 41: 39: 33: 29: 26:is a term of 25: 24: 19: 680:Property law 625:expanding it 614: 568:expanding it 557: 551: 542: 517: 513: 503: 483: 476: 456: 449: 422: 416: 410:. p. 2. 407: 401: 390: 364: 353: 341: 333: 328: 311: 298: 290: 286: 281: 247: 232:Gaelic Irish 227: 207: 205: 194: 190: 188: 168: 164:U.K. Monarch 153: 141: 133: 129: 115: 112:Wild animals 101:beachcombing 96: 92: 86: 82: 79:wild animals 74: 73:Examples of 72: 63: 57: 51: 47: 44:ancient Rome 35: 31: 22: 21: 20: 18: 287:res nullius 248:res nullius 244:pastoralism 228:res nullius 191:res nullius 134:res nullius 130:res nullius 122:forest laws 97:res nullius 75:res nullius 64:res nullius 48:res nullius 32:res nullius 23:Res nullius 664:Categories 274:References 177:, such as 118:common law 670:Roman law 560:Roman law 534:163236073 387:Game laws 216:Australia 175:shipwreck 160:mute swan 126:game laws 93:occupatio 38:occupatio 28:Roman law 262:See also 59:dominium 380::  252:planted 230:as the 220:Ireland 158:is the 532:  491:  464:  441:877760 439:  429:  374:  162:: The 124:, and 619:is a 562:is a 530:S2CID 320:(PDF) 304:p 309 206:This 201:state 107:Scope 68:civil 621:stub 564:stub 489:ISBN 462:ISBN 437:OCLC 427:ISBN 250:and 77:are 552:LEX 522:doi 389:". 146:): 116:In 666:: 528:. 518:34 516:. 512:. 435:. 289:, 258:. 181:. 103:. 652:e 645:t 638:v 627:. 595:e 588:t 581:v 570:. 524:: 443:. 322:. 306:. 81:( 40:) 36:(

Index

Roman law
occupatio
ancient Rome
res extra commercium
dominium
civil
wild animals
res derelictae
beachcombing
common law
forest laws
game laws
private property
Pierson v. Post
United Kingdom
mute swan
U.K. Monarch
treasure trove
shipwreck
flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict
terra nullius
state
scramble for Africa
Australia
Ireland
Munster Plantation
Gaelic Irish
Anthony Trollope
Desmond Rebellions
pastoralism

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