Rwanda - Knowledge

2046: 2307:. Coffee and tea are the major cash crops for export, with the high altitudes, steep slopes and volcanic soils providing favourable conditions. Reports have established that more than 400,000 Rwandans make their living from coffee plantation. Reliance on agricultural exports makes Rwanda vulnerable to shifts in their prices. Animals raised in Rwanda include cows, goats, sheep, pigs, chicken, and rabbits, with geographical variation in the numbers of each. Production systems are mostly traditional, although there are a few intensive dairy farms around Kigali. Shortages of land and water, insufficient and poor-quality feed, and regular disease epidemics with insufficient veterinary services are major constraints that restrict output. Fishing takes place on the country's lakes, but stocks are very depleted, and live fish are being imported in an attempt to revive the industry. 1798:

responsibility for "coordinating governance issues in the Province, as well as monitoring and evaluation". Each province is headed by a governor, appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The districts are responsible for coordinating public service delivery and economic development. They are divided into sectors, which are responsible for the delivery of public services as mandated by the districts. Districts and sectors have directly elected councils, and are run by an executive committee selected by that council. The cells and villages are the smallest political units, providing a link between the people and the sectors. All adult resident citizens are members of their local cell council, from which an executive committee is elected. The city of

2809: 2999: 3810: 3088:"near ubiquity", rates of completion are low and repetition rates high. While schooling is fee-free, there is an expectation that parents should contribute to the cost of their children's education by providing them with school supplies, supporting teacher development and making a contribution to school construction. According to the government, these costs should not be a basis for the exclusion of children from education, however. There are many private schools across the country, some church-run, which follow the same syllabus but charge fees. From 1994 until 2009, secondary education was offered in either French or English; because of the country's increasing ties with the 1329: 2799: 1593:. The judiciary is independent of the executive branch, although the president and the Senate are involved in the appointment of Supreme Court judges. Human Rights Watch has praised the Rwandan government for progress made in the delivery of justice including the abolition of the death penalty, but also alleges interference in the judicial system by members of the government, such as the politically motivated appointment of judges, misuse of prosecutorial power, and pressure on judges to make particular decisions. The constitution provides for two types of courts: ordinary and specialised. Ordinary courts are the 2004: 3250: 2527: 113: 4137: 180: 3182: 3974: 16346: 4106: 3407: 1652:. For many years during the Habyarimana regime, the country maintained close ties with France, as well as Belgium, the former colonial power. Under the RPF government, however, Rwanda has sought closer ties with neighbouring countries in the East African Community and with the English-speaking world. Diplomatic relations with France were suspended in 2006 following the indictment of Rwandan officials by a French judge, and despite their restoration in 2010, as of 2015 relations between the countries remain strained. Relations with the 3131: 99: 2772: 1629:, whose duties include prevention and fighting of corruption. Public officials (including the president) are required by the constitution to declare their wealth to the ombudsman and to the public; those who do not comply are suspended from office. Despite this, Human Rights Watch notes extensive political repression throughout the country, including illegal and arbitrary detention, threats or other forms of intimidation, disappearances, politically motivated trials, and the massacre of peacefully protesting civilians. 4050: 2584: 16734: 1569: 1485: 1223: 3476: 1778:); the larger divisions, and their borders, are established by Parliament. In January 2006, Rwanda was reorganized such that twelve provinces were merged to create five, and 106 districts were merged into thirty. The present borders drawn in 2006 aimed at decentralising power and removing associations with the old system and the genocide. The previous structure of twelve provinces associated with the largest cities was replaced with five provinces based primarily on geography. These are 1376: 2132: 2762: 3076: 18101: 17457: 16561: 2535:

about 55% in 2005; the government has committed to increasing this to 100% by 2017. The country's water infrastructure consists of urban and rural systems that deliver water to the public, mainly through standpipes in rural areas and private connections in urban areas. In areas not served by these systems, hand pumps and managed springs are used. Despite rainfall exceeding 750 millimetres (30 in) annually in most of the country, little use is made of

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the Tutsi are a separate race, with a tendency towards "long and narrow heads, faces and noses"; others, such as Villia Jefremovas, believe there is no discernible physical difference and the categories were not historically rigid. In precolonial Rwanda the Tutsi were the ruling class, from whom the kings and the majority of chiefs were derived, while the Hutu were agriculturalists. The current

1372:. Pro-Hutu discrimination continued, but there was greater economic prosperity and a reduced amount of violence against Tutsi. The Twa remained marginalised, and by 1990 were almost entirely forced out of the forests by the government; many became beggars. Rwanda's population had increased from 1.6 million people in 1934 to 7.1 million in 1989, leading to competition for land. 4163: 2580:

methane gas from Lake Kivu, expected in its first phase to increase the country's power generation by 40%. Only 18% of the population had access to electricity in 2012, though this had risen from 10.8% in 2009. The government's Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy for 2013–18 aims to increase access to electricity to 70% of households by 2017.

1395:. The group condemned the Hutu-dominated government for failing to democratize and confront the problems facing these refugees. Neither side was able to gain a decisive advantage in the war, but by 1992 it had weakened Habyarimana's authority; mass demonstrations forced him into a coalition with the domestic opposition and eventually to sign the 1993 13438: 2995:, the annual birth rate is estimated at 40.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants in 2015, and the death rate at 14.9. The life expectancy is 67.67 years (69.27 years for females and 67.11 years for males), which is the 26th lowest out of 224 countries and territories. The overall sex ratio of the country is 95.9 males per 100 females. 7019: 4551: 2547:, with this statistic increasing to 92% for the total population (95% urban and 91% urban) in 2022. Kigali is one of the cleanest cities in Africa. Government policy measures to improve sanitation are limited, focusing only on urban areas. The majority of the population, both urban and rural, use public shared 13431: 3333:, is also spoken by some as a second language, particularly returned refugees from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and those who live along the border with the DRC. In 2015, Swahili was introduced as a mandatory subject in secondary schools. Inhabitants of Rwanda's 2534:

The Rwandan government prioritised funding of water supply development during the 2000s, significantly increasing its share of the national budget. This funding, along with donor support, caused a rapid increase in access to safe water; in 2015, 74% of the population had access to safe water, up from

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is one of the fastest-growing economic resources and became the country's leading foreign exchange earner in 2007. In spite of the genocide's legacy, the country is increasingly perceived internationally as a safe destination. The number of tourist arrivals in 2013 was 864,000 people, up from 504,000

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The Rwandan government, through its Sports Development Policy, promotes sport as a strong avenue for "development and peace building", and the government has made commitments to advancing the use of sport for a variety of development objectives, including education. The most popular sports in Rwanda

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4–6, which relate to healthcare. A mid-2015 UNDP report noted that the country was not on target to meet goal 4 on infant mortality, despite it having "fallen dramatically"; the country is "making good progress" towards goal 5, which is to reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio, while

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gives estimates that the Hutu made up 84% of the population in 2009, the Tutsi 15% and Twa 1%. The Twa are a pygmy people who descend from Rwanda's earliest inhabitants, but scholars do not agree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi. Anthropologist Jean Hiernaux contends that

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by local farmers using simple tools. An estimated 90% of the working population farms, and agriculture constituted an estimated 32.5% of GDP in 2014. Farming techniques are basic, with small plots of land and steep slopes. Since the mid-1980s, farm sizes and food production have been decreasing, due

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has caused a change in the pattern of the rainy seasons. According to a report by the Strategic Foresight Group, change in climate has reduced the number of rainy days experienced during a year, but has also caused an increase in frequency of torrential rains. Both changes have caused difficulty for

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and started a period of more direct colonial rule. The Belgians simplified and centralised the power structure, introduced large-scale projects in education, health, public works, and agricultural supervision, including new crops and improved agricultural techniques to try to reduce the incidence of

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migrated later to form a distinct racial group, possibly of Nilo-hamitic origin. An alternative theory is that the migration was slow and steady, with incoming groups integrating into rather than conquering the existing society. Under this theory, the Hutu and Tutsi distinction arose later and was a

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kingdom. The dung is mixed with natural soils of various colours and painted into patterned ridges to form geometric shapes. Other crafts include pottery and wood carving. Traditional housing styles make use of locally available materials; circular or rectangular mud homes with grass-thatched roofs

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has since increased the importance of English; the medium of education was switched from French to English in 2008. Kinyarwanda, English, French, and Swahili are all official languages. Kinyarwanda is the national language while English is the primary medium of instruction in secondary and tertiary

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The industrial sector is small, contributing 14.8% of GDP in 2014. Products manufactured include cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles and cigarettes. Rwanda's mining industry is an important contributor, generating US$ 93 million

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Rwanda's economy suffered heavily during the 1994 genocide, with widespread loss of life, failure to maintain infrastructure, looting, and neglect of important cash crops. This caused a large drop in GDP and destroyed the country's ability to attract private and external investment. The economy has

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The constitution was adopted following a national referendum in 2003, replacing the transitional constitution which had been in place since 1994. The constitution mandates a multi-party system of government, with politics based on democracy and elections. However, the constitution places conditions

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Prior to 2012, the Rwandan government provided free education in state-run schools for nine years: six years in primary and three years following a common secondary programme. In 2012, this started to be expanded to 12 years. A 2015 study suggests that while enrollment rates in primary schools are

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with 1,336,679. Rwandatel has also previously operated a mobile phone network, but the industry regulator revoked its licence in April 2011, following the company's failure to meet agreed investment commitments. Internet penetration is low but rising rapidly; in 2015 there were 12.8 internet users

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was also tense for much of the 2000s following a 1999 clash between the two countries' armies as they backed opposing rebel groups in the Second Congo War, but improved significantly in the early 2010s. In 2019, relations between the two countries deteriorated, with Rwanda closing its borders with

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in which the country voted to abolish the monarchy. Rwanda was separated from Burundi and gained independence on 1 July 1962, which is commemorated as Independence Day, a national holiday. Cycles of violence followed, with exiled Tutsi attacking from neighbouring countries and the Hutu retaliating

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to the southeast, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year. It is the most densely populated mainland African country; among countries larger than 10,000 km, it is the fifth-most densely populated

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in 2014, and a year later there were seven national stations operating, up from just one in the pre-2014 analogue era. The press is tightly restricted, and newspapers routinely self-censor to avoid government reprisals. Nonetheless, publications in Kinyarwanda, English, and French critical of the

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topic, and there is no significant public discussion of this issue in any region of the country. Some lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Rwandans have reported being harassed and blackmailed. Same-sex sexual activity is not specifically illegal in Rwanda. Some cabinet-level government

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were piloted in 1999, and were made available nationwide by the mid-2000s, with the assistance of international development partners. Premiums under the scheme were initially US$ 2 per annum; since 2011 the rate has varied on a sliding scale, with the poorest paying nothing, and maximum premiums

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north of Kigali; by 2006 these were providing 56% of the country's electricity, but were very costly. The government enacted a number of measures to alleviate this problem, including rehabilitating the Rugezi wetlands, which supply water to Burera and Ruhondo and investing in a scheme to extract

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was the first European to cross the entire territory of Rwanda; he crossed from the south-east to Lake Kivu and met the king. In 1897, Germany established a presence in Rwanda with the formation of an alliance with the king, beginning the colonial era. The Germans did not significantly alter the

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climate, with lower temperatures than are typical for equatorial countries because of its high elevation. Kigali, in the centre of the country, has a typical daily temperature range between 15 and 28 °C (59 and 82 °F), with little variation through the year. There are some temperature

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The five provinces act as intermediaries between the national government and their constituent districts to ensure that national policies are implemented at the district level. The Rwanda Decentralisation Strategic Framework developed by the Ministry of Local Government assigns to provinces the

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estimated Rwanda's population to be 11,262,564, while the projection for 2022 was 13,246,394. The 2012 census recorded a population of 10,515,973. The population is young: in the 2012 census, 43.3% of the population were aged 15 and under, and 53.4% were between 16 and 64. According to the CIA

1241:). The clans were not limited to genealogical lineages or geographical area, and most included Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. From the 15th century, the clans began to merge into kingdoms. One kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbor territories establishing the 1721:

Before western colonization, the Rwandan government system had a quasi-system of political pluralism and power sharing. Despite there being a strict hierarchy, the pre-colonial system achieved an established, combined system of "centralized power and decentralized autonomous units." Under the

1325:. In 1935, Belgium introduced an identity card system, which labelled each individual as either Tutsi, Hutu, Twa or Naturalised. While it had been previously possible for particularly wealthy Hutu to become honorary Tutsi, the identity cards prevented any further movement between the classes. 2334:

as bank lending, foreign aid projects and investment were reduced. The sector rebounded in 2010, becoming the country's largest sector by economic output and contributing 43.6% of the country's GDP. Key tertiary contributors include banking and finance, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and

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believe that the 1994 genocide can be partly attributed to the population density. The population is predominantly rural, with a few large towns; dwellings are evenly spread throughout the country. The only sparsely populated area of the country is the savanna land in the former province of

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for cultivation and grazing, caused the two lakes' water levels to fall from 1990 onwards; by 2004 levels were reduced by 50%, leading to a sharp drop in output from the power stations. This, coupled with increased demand as the economy grew, precipitated a shortfall in 2004 and widespread

2026:: the major one from June to September, during which there is often no rain at all, and a shorter and less severe one from December to February. Rainfall varies geographically, with the west and northwest of the country receiving more precipitation annually than the east and southeast. 11764: 1407:, which began within a few hours. Over the course of approximately 100 days, between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu were killed in well-planned attacks on the orders of the interim government. Many Twa were also killed, despite not being directly targeted. 2599:, Japan, and others. The transport system consists primarily of the road network, with paved roads between Kigali and most other major cities and towns in the country. Rwanda is linked by road to other countries in the East African Community, namely Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and 1275:

system in which Hutu were forced to work for Tutsi chiefs. Rwabugiri's changes caused a rift to grow between the Hutu and Tutsi populations. The Twa were better off than in pre-Kingdom days, with some becoming dancers in the royal court, but their numbers continued to decline.

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groups migrated into Rwanda, clearing forest land for agriculture. The forest-dwelling Twa lost much of their habitat and moved to the mountain slopes. Historians have several theories regarding the nature of the Bantu migrations; one theory is that the first settlers were

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can be visited safely; the gorillas attract thousands of visitors per year, who are prepared to pay high prices for permits. Other attractions include Nyungwe Forest, home to chimpanzees, Ruwenzori colobus and other primates, the resorts of Lake Kivu, and Akagera, a small

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in part to the resettlement of displaced people. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, and food imports are required. However, in recent years with the growth of agriculture, the situation has improved.

1614:, a Rwandan traditional court operated by villages and communities, was revived to expedite the trials of genocide suspects. The court succeeded in clearing the backlog of genocide cases, but was criticised by human rights groups as not meeting legal fair standard. 1410:

The Tutsi RPF restarted their offensive, and took control of the country methodically, gaining control of the whole country by mid-July. The international response to the genocide was limited, with major powers reluctant to strengthen the already overstretched

1557:, which has 80 members serving five-year terms. Twenty-four of these seats are reserved for women, elected through a joint assembly of local government officials; another three seats are reserved for youth and disabled members; the remaining 53 are elected by 3276:) 37.7%, Seventh-day Adventists 11.8%, and Muslims 2.0%; 0.2% claimed no religious beliefs and 1.3% did not state a religion. Traditional religion, despite officially being followed by only 0.1% of the population, retains an influence. Many Rwandans view the 2115:

The greatest diversity of large mammals is found in the three national parks, which are designated conservation areas. Akagera contains typical savanna animals such as giraffes and elephants, while Volcanoes is home to an estimated one-third of the worldwide

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variations across the country; the mountainous west and north are generally cooler than the lower-lying east. There are two rainy seasons in the year; the first runs from February to June and the second from September to December. These are separated by two

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are observed throughout the year, with others occasionally inserted by the government. The week following Genocide Memorial Day on 7 April is designated an official week of mourning. The victory for the RPF over the Hutu extremists is celebrated as

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on how political parties may operate. Article 54 states that "political organizations are prohibited from basing themselves on race, ethnic group, tribe, clan, region, sex, religion or any other division which may give rise to discrimination". The

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rising to US$ 8 per adult. As of 2014, more than 90% of the population was covered by the scheme. The government has also set up training institutes including the Kigali Health Institute (KHI), which was established in 1997 and is now part of the

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since precolonial times. Although Rwanda has low levels of corruption compared with neighbouring countries, it ranks among the lowest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties and quality of life. The population is

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and Akagera National Park in the east. Kigali is the largest city, with a population of around one million. Its rapidly increasing population challenges its infrastructural development. According to the 2012 census, the second largest city is

4204: 13432:"Rwanda: Question Time: How could it happen?: Rebellion, slaughter, exodus, cholera: the catastrophe in Rwanda is beyond our worst imaginings. Who is to blame? Who are the Hutus and Tutsis? Can peace ever be restored? Some answers ..." 1722:

monarch, the elected Chief governed a province that was divided into multiple districts. Two other officials appointed by head Chief governed the districts; one official was allocated power over the land while the other oversaw cattle. The

3448:). Drummers play together in groups of varying sizes, usually between seven and nine in number. The country has a growing popular music industry, influenced by African Great Lakes, Congolese, and American music. The most popular genre is 2449:

per 100 people, up from 2.1 in 2007. In 2011, a 2,300-kilometre (1,400 mi) fibre-optic telecommunications network was completed, intended to provide broadband services and facilitate electronic commerce. This network is connected to

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was destroyed in the aftermath of the genocide of 1994, as national parks were turned into camps for displaced people and the remaining animals were poisoned by cattle herders. In June 2015, two South African parks donated seven lions to

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In recent years Rwanda has seen improvement on a number of key health indicators. Between 2005 and 2013, life expectancy increased from 55.2 to 64.0, under-5 mortality decreased from 106.4 to 52.0 per 1,000 live births, and incidence of

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officials have expressed support for the rights of LGBT people; however, no special legislative protections are afforded to LGBT people, who may be arrested by the police under various laws dealing with public order and morality.

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system, while others run to a schedule, offering express routes between the major cities. There are a smaller number of large buses, which operate a scheduled service around the country. The principal private hire vehicle is the

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Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country, although most originated as functional items rather than purely for decoration. Woven baskets and bowls are especially common, notably the basket style of the

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continuously since the end of the civil war in 1994. Although Rwanda is nominally democratic, elections are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and

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provinces. In 2010, the United Nations released a report accusing the Rwandan army of committing wide scale human rights violations and crimes against humanity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the

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discourages the Hutu/Tutsi/Twa distinction, and has removed such classification from identity cards. The 2002 census was the first since 1933 which did not categorise Rwandan population into the three groups.

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farmers, decreasing their productivity. Strategic Foresight also characterise Rwanda as a fast warming country, with an increase in average temperature of between 0.7 °C to 0.9 °C over fifty years.

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for the scheme. There is no public water transport between the port cities on Lake Kivu, although a limited private service exists and the government has initiated a programme to develop a full service. The

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The quality of healthcare in Rwanda has historically been very low, both before and immediately after the 1994 genocide. In 1998, more than one in five children died before their fifth birthday, often from

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Similarly, the white rhino population is growing in Rwanda. In 2021, Rwanda received 30 white rhinos from South Africa with the goal of Akagera being a safe breeding ground for the near-threatened species.

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am, during which all able bodied people between 18 and 65 are expected to carry out community tasks such as cleaning streets or building homes for vulnerable people. Most normal services close down during

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and dance are an integral part of Rwandan ceremonies, festivals, social gatherings and storytelling. The most famous traditional dance is a highly choreographed routine consisting of three components: the

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Eighteen endangered black rhinos were brought to Rwanda in 2017 from South Africa. After positive results, five more black rhinos were delivered to Akagera National Park from zoos all over Europe in 2019.

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fibre-optic cable connecting communication carriers in southern and eastern Africa. Within Rwanda the cables run along major roads, linking towns around the country. Mobile provider MTN also runs a

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The largest radio and television stations are state-run, and the majority of newspapers are owned by the government. Most Rwandans have access to radio; during the 1994 genocide, the radio station

8971: 18748: 2676:, and the country is served by seven foreign airlines. As of 2015 the country had no railways, but there is a project underway, in conjunction with Burundi and Tanzania, to extend the Tanzanian 11244: 10045: 6144: 6117: 4051: 165: 12589: 10118: 9095: 1601:, and regional courts, while specialised courts are military courts and a system of commercial courts created in 2011 to expedite commercial litigations. Between 2004 and 2012, a system of 3316:

was spoken as well. The return of English-speaking Rwandan refugees in the 1990s added a new dimension to the country's language policy, and the repositioning of Rwanda as a member of the

6753: 3711:, made from bananas, and a soft drink called Umutobe which is banana juice; these popular drinks feature in traditional rituals and ceremonies. The major drinks manufacturer in Rwanda is 3388:, street vendors, sex workers, homeless people, and beggars. They have also documented the use of torture in safe houses and other facilities, such as Kami military camp, Kwa Gacinya and 12562: 11985: 1359:: Hutu activists began killing Tutsi and destroying their houses, forcing more than 100,000 people to seek refuge in neighbouring countries. In 1961, the suddenly pro-Hutu Belgians held 17510: 13538: 11563: 15358: 13915: 3161:

in 2013, compared with 1.9% in 1996. The government has devolved the financing and management of healthcare to local communities, through a system of health insurance providers called

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ecoregion. It has an elevation of 1,500 to 2,500 metres (4,921 to 8,202 ft). The centre of the country is predominantly rolling hills, while the eastern border region consists of

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By 1994, Rwanda's population stood at more than 7 million people comprising 3 ethnic groups: the Hutu (who made up roughly 85% of the population), the Tutsi (14%), and the Twa (1%).

3653: 11705: 3350:. English was reported to be spoken by 15% of the population in 2009, though the same report found the proportion of French-speakers to be 68%. Swahili is spoken by fewer than 1%. 15455: 12123: 4283: 997:. The Kingdom of Rwanda dominated from the mid-eighteenth century, with the Tutsi kings conquering others militarily, centralising power, and enacting unifying policies. In 1897, 12454: 2163:, with variation between the east and the west. Nyungwe Forest, in the west, has 280 recorded species, of which 26 are endemic to the Albertine Rift; endemic species include the 11090: 3756: 12402: 10966: 167: 2388:

was the largest station and the main source of news throughout the country. Television access is limited, with most homes not having their own set. The government rolled out

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of the tournament, but narrowly failed to advance beyond the group stages. The team have failed to qualify for the competition since, and have never qualified for the

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and did not correspond to ethnic boundaries or pre-colonial kingdoms. Within the Banyarwanda people, there are three separate groups, the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. The CIA

11039: 9869: 6775: 3178:. This initiative aimed to help get the most necessary materials for prevention of malaria to the most rural areas of Rwanda, such as mosquito nets and medication. 2393:

government are widely available in Kigali. Restrictions were increased in the run-up to the Rwandan presidential election of 2010, with two independent newspapers,

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is a fast-growing sector and is now the country's leading foreign exchange earner. As of the most recent survey in 2019/20, 48.8% of the population is affected by

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and are often considered descendants of Rwanda's earliest inhabitants. Christianity is the largest religion in the country; the principal and national language is

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clan, became increasingly dominant from the mid-eighteenth century. The kingdom reached its greatest extent during the nineteenth century under the reign of King

993:, and then into kingdoms. In the 15th century, one kingdom, under King Gihanga, managed to incorporate several of its close neighbor territories establishing the 18104: 15330: 10858: 10833: 3219:, travellers to Rwanda are highly recommended to take preventive malaria medication as well as make sure they are up to date with vaccines such as yellow fever. 13015: 12261: 11171: 10993: 9896: 17300: 16919: 14049: 13887: 13601: 13489: 13465: 13390: 11061: 2045: 1598: 14531: 14168: 13335: 18773: 16986: 4433: 13559: 12742: 15134: 15071: 15008: 14903: 12485: 12385: 5548: 4411: 3211:

has described "significant health challenges", including the rate of maternal mortality, which it describes as "unacceptably high", as well as the ongoing

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Williams, Timothy P.; Abbott, Pamela; Mupenzi, Alfred (2015). "'Education at our school is not free': the hidden costs of fee-free schooling in Rwanda".

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At 26,338 square kilometres (10,169 sq mi), Rwanda is the world's 149th-largest country, and the fourth smallest on the African mainland after

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in 2010. Revenue from tourism was US$ 303 million in 2014, up from just US$ 62 million in 2000. The largest contributor to this revenue was

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and predominantly rural; Rwanda has one of the youngest populations in the world. Rwandans are drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group, the

18788: 17239: 17188: 10101: 8842:"The Benefits of the English Language for Individuals and Societies: Quantitative Indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan" 2567: 2335:

restaurants, transport, storage, communication, insurance, real estate, business services and public administration including education and health.

14073: 12158: 6140: 6113: 2672:, to the south of Kigali, which will become the country's largest when it opens, complementing the existing Kigali airport. The national carrier is 2631:, accounting for more than half of all passenger carrying capacity. Some minibuses, particularly in Kigali, operate an unscheduled service, under a 2240:

and an additional 22.7% vulnerable to it. Major export markets include China, Germany, and the United States. The economy is managed by the central

1265:, in which Tutsi patrons ceded cattle, and therefore privileged status, to Hutu or Tutsi clients in exchange for economic and personal service, and 16914: 16611: 12593: 11995: 10579: 2417: 631: 18009: 9087: 4249: 1664:; the Congolese army alleged Rwandan attacks on their troops, while Rwanda blamed the Congolese government for failing to suppress Hutu rebels in 17275: 14759: 14123: 13711: 13672: 13513: 11056: 3334: 1553:. It makes legislation and is empowered by the constitution to oversee the activities of the president and the Cabinet. The lower chamber is the 8065: 6745: 1296:

social structure of the country, but exerted influence by supporting the king and the existing hierarchy, and delegating power to local chiefs.

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has dropped from 101 to 69 per 100,000 people. The country's progress in healthcare has been cited by the international media and charities.

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At 445 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,150/sq mi), Rwanda's population density is amongst the highest in Africa. Historians such as

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909.9 in 2022, compared with $ 127 in 1994. As of the most recent survey in 2019/20, 48.8% of the population continues to be affected by

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penetration in the country is 72.6%, up from 41.6% in 2011. MTN Rwanda is the leading provider, with 3,957,986 subscribers, followed by

1257:. Rwabugiri conquered several smaller states, expanded the kingdom west and north, and initiated administrative reforms; these included 18137: 17136: 13306: 12505: 10365: 8726: 3216: 3043:

Rwanda has been a unified state since pre-colonial times, and the population is drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group, the

2985: 2808: 1537:, negotiating and ratifying treaties, signing presidential orders, and declaring war or a state of emergency. The president is elected 1432: 600: 14779: 11086: 10173: 17493: 17060: 14945: 14599: 12413: 11268: 10958: 10816: 10786: 9045: 5448:

Stroh, Alexander (2010). "Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda".

3662: 3507:) are the most common. The government has initiated a programme to replace these with more modern materials such as corrugated iron. 3112:

rate, defined as those aged 15 or over who can read and write, was 78.8% in 2022, up from 71% in 2009, 58% in 1991, and 38% in 1978.

2566:

provided 90% of the country's electricity. A combination of below average rainfall and human activity, including the draining of the

1938:

along most of the length of Rwanda's western border, and with a maximum depth of 480 metres (1,575 ft), it is one of the twenty

1898:

runs from north to south through Rwanda, with around 80% of the country's area draining into the Nile and 20% into the Congo via the

1355:. Tensions escalated between the Tutsi, who favoured early independence, and the Hutu emancipation movement, culminating in the 1959 701: 13206: 3680:

is made from mashed cassava leaves and can be served with dried fish, rice, ugali, potatoes etc. Lunch is usually a buffet known as

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in 1959. They massacred numerous Tutsi and ultimately established an independent, Hutu-dominated republic in 1962 led by President

211: 13241: 6946:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 5119: 2128:

arboreal monkeys; the Ruwenzori colobus move in groups of up to 400 individuals, the largest troop size of any primate in Africa.

18014: 17323: 17131: 16842: 16355: 15520: 14987: 14966: 14728: 14703: 14377: 13051: 11521: 10194: 10152: 4585: 13724: 12175: 6806: 3096:, only the English syllabi are now offered. The country has a number of institutions of tertiary education. In 2013, the public 18728: 17270: 16976: 15620: 12918: 11367: 3544: 1975:" in French ("Land of a thousand hills"). They are part of the Albertine Rift Mountains that flank the Albertine branch of the 14630: 13621: 10278: 10257: 10236: 10215: 3648:(manioc). Many Rwandans do not eat meat more than a few times a month. For those who live near lakes and have access to fish, 3264:, but there have been significant changes in the nation's religious demographics since the genocide, with many conversions to 3222:

Rwanda also has a shortage of medical professionals, with only 0.84 physicians, nurses, and midwives per 1,000 residents. The

17093: 17075: 16939: 16902: 16405: 15906: 14864: 14843: 14030: 14009: 13972: 13372: 12996: 12681: 12443: 12326: 12238: 12074: 11974: 11941: 11844: 11701: 11655: 11631: 11598: 11442: 11207: 11196: 11117: 11010: 10941: 10914: 10669: 10418: 10341: 10299: 10082: 9997: 9830: 9785: 8996: 7406: 5542: 4973:

See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 2006

4405: 4321: 4243: 2540: 2485: 13214:

The Report of International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and Surrounding Events

12894: 12652: 12244: 12047: 11947: 11910: 11604: 11448: 11123: 10920: 10003: 4940: 3312:, which was introduced by Belgium from 1916 and remained an official and widely spoken language after independence in 1962. 17305: 17294: 17055: 16604: 15581: 14336: 11318: 11031: 10495: 9865: 4589: 3931: 3223: 2202: 1681:, charges denied by the Rwandan government. Relations soured further in 2012, as Kinshasa accused Rwanda of supporting the 9819:

African Development Bank (AfDB); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development Centre (2006).

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occupied one-third of the territory of present-day Rwanda. Naturally occurring vegetation is now mostly restricted to the

17390: 17385: 17116: 17111: 16944: 15759: 14213: 13838: 12631: 12558: 3705:, is a common drink throughout the country. Other drinks include a traditional beer called Ikigage made from sorghum and 2686: 2206: 18684: 15227: 14555: 14504: 13768: 12610: 12311: 11329: 8841: 4340:

Beswick, Danielle (2011). "Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011".

18763: 18733: 16949: 15434: 13817: 13741: 12093: 11780: 11468: 10320: 7801: 3510:

Rwanda does not have a long history of written literature, but there is a strong oral tradition ranging from poetry to

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broadcast across the country, and helped to fuel the killings through anti-Tutsi propaganda. As of 2015, the state-run

1918:; the Kagera then flows due north along the eastern border with Tanzania. The Nyabarongo-Kagera eventually drains into 734: 17: 15334: 14878: 14312: 10866: 10841: 3849:

has been growing in popularity, as a result of refugees returned from Kenya, where they had learned to play the game.

3207:

Despite these improvements, however, the country's health profile remains dominated by communicable diseases, and the

1732:) exercised control through a system of provinces, districts, hills, and neighbourhoods. As of 2003, the constitution 18520: 16033: 15219: 14571: 13455: 12825: 12112: 11355: 10983: 9886: 7209: 7183: 4934: 4113: 4057: 1849: 13880: 13597: 13576: 13482: 3695:

In rural areas, many bars have a brochette seller responsible for tending and slaughtering the goats, skewering and

18363: 17600: 17285: 17218: 17208: 17144: 17004: 16366: 16124: 15985: 15533: 14140: 4479: 4389:

Four. Imagining a Modern Rwanda: Sociotechnological Imaginaries, Information Technology, and the Postgenocide State

3987: 3304:, which is virtually spoken by the entire country (98%). The major European languages during the colonial era were 2798: 2210: 1857: 1856:

at 950 metres (3,117 ft) above sea level. Rwanda is located in Central/Eastern Africa, and is bordered by the

1653: 1391:(RPF), a rebel group composed of Tutsi refugees, invaded northern Rwanda from their base in Uganda, initiating the 1360: 1344: 943: 16733: 13689: 13650: 13386: 12750: 3809: 2432:

serving an additional 15,497 fixed line subscribers. Landlines are mostly used by government institutions, banks,

18743: 17360: 16759: 16597: 13505: 3951: 3927: 3923: 3436:, or dance of heroes, performed by men; and the drumming, also traditionally performed by men, on drums known as 15130: 15067: 15004: 14899: 12377: 8471: 5525: 4387: 3272:. According to the 2012 census, Catholic Christians represented 43.7% of the population, Protestants (excluding 2539:, and residents are forced to use water very sparingly, relative to usage in other African countries. Access to 1987:, Rwanda's highest point, at 4,507 metres (14,787 ft). This western section of the country lies within the 1181:

which followed, up to around 3000 BC. Archaeological excavations have revealed evidence of sparse settlement by

1092:, spoken by native Rwandans, with English, French and Swahili serving as additional official foreign languages. 18590: 18499: 18130: 18065: 18040: 17213: 16931: 16620: 15554: 12501: 8623: 3926:

has been growing in prominence since the mid-2000s, with the men's team qualifying for the final stages of the

2669: 2454: 2237: 2198: 1988: 1116: 1013:. Both European nations ruled through the Rwandan king and perpetuated a pro-Tutsi policy. The Hutu population 682: 13161: 10512: 10411:

The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years

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remains low; the United Nations estimates that in 2006, 34% of urban and 20% of rural dwellers had access to

2450: 1572: 886: 17745: 16270: 15255: 15163: 14674: 12352: 10607: 10385: 9941: 7090: 18738: 17352: 17315: 17290: 17101: 16954: 16859: 16771: 16026: 15825: 15764: 15747: 15654: 15303:"Continued reforms and technical assistance should help Rwanda in its efforts to achieve a dynamic economy" 14450: 14429: 14408: 12969: 11681: 11661: 11212: 3227: 2649: 2371: 1554: 852: 460: 394: 14650: 10093: 18584: 18493: 17796: 17328: 17065: 16964: 16835: 15891: 15710: 15669: 15549: 15513: 15411: 14069: 12148: 11492: 4547: 4511: 3943: 2433: 1562: 1475: 1322: 862: 10583: 7053: 112: 17375: 17180: 16887: 15849: 15754: 15326: 14205: 13617: 12042: 4233: 2681: 1702: 1685:, an insurgency in the eastern Congo. As of 2015, peace has been restored and relations are improving. 1618: 1416: 830: 14748: 14115: 13509: 11260: 11066: 5761: 1292: 18123: 17333: 15954: 15876: 15727: 15243: 15203: 15150: 13968: 13931: 13382: 8061: 3699:

the meat, and serving it with grilled bananas. Milk, particularly in a fermented yoghurt form called

3564: 3441: 2972: 2900: 2882: 2864: 2846: 2248:; in December 2023, the exchange rate was 1250 francs to one United States dollar. Rwanda joined the 1907: 1783: 1779: 1309: 13414: 11890: 9845: 9049: 7440: 18650: 18158: 17585: 17479: 17370: 17014: 16872: 16744: 16660: 16109: 15774: 15769: 15664: 15649: 15298: 14467: 14098: 13289: 11145: 9800:"Boosting Rwanda's Energy Sector: AfDB, other Lenders Commit USD 91.25 million to Kivuwatt Project" 9795: 7650: 3863: 2954: 2936: 2918: 2828: 2743: 2680:

into Rwanda; the three countries have invited expressions of interest from private firms to form a

2065: 1979:, which runs from north to south along Rwanda's western border. The highest peaks are found in the 1923: 1791: 1787: 1586: 1542: 1352: 409: 12988:

Sport and Development Policy in Africa: Results of a Collaborative Study of Selected Country Cases

11784: 10755: 7388: 2323:, which is used in the manufacture of electronic and communication devices such as mobile phones. 18510: 18150: 18045: 17471: 17442: 17432: 17170: 15871: 15800: 15659: 15564: 14787: 8722: 5534: 4645: 3919: 3907: 3903: 3093: 2677: 2359: 2264: 2241: 2233: 2160: 2125: 2085: 2049: 1723: 1649: 1594: 1505: 1455: 1444: 1396: 1388: 1297: 1128: 1096: 1030: 781: 659: 31: 15109: 12912:"The third Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV 3) – Main indicators Report" 11391: 9088:""As Long as We Live on the Streets, They Will Beat Us": Rwanda's Abusive Detention of Children" 5904: 5485:"Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men" 4615: 2771: 1403:

near Kigali Airport, killing him. The shooting down of the plane served as the catalyst for the

1045:

that spanned one hundred days. The RPF ended the genocide with a military victory in July 1994.

18595: 18035: 17868: 17460: 17427: 17338: 17047: 16892: 16828: 15896: 15861: 15715: 15700: 15506: 14280: 14255: 14230: 14185: 13178: 12985:

Ndengeye, Joseph (2014). "Country Report: Rwanda". In Keim, Marion; de Coning, Christo (eds.).

12861: 12692: 11538: 11408: 10680: 10462: 10445: 9913: 8019: 5124: 3939: 3772: 3716: 3688:

are the most popular food when eating out in the evening, usually made from goat but sometimes

3378: 3359: 3330: 3317: 3273: 3158: 3105: 3089: 3048: 2706: 2249: 1939: 1733: 1645: 1534: 1144: 998: 709: 653: 618: 572: 118: 16526: 13095: 12836: 12767: 12717: 12200: 11726: 11140: 10730: 10705: 10406: 10020: 9962: 4313: 3344:

French was spoken by slightly under 6% of the population according to the 2012 census and the

3204:

described the health gains "among the most dramatic the world has seen in the last 50 years".

2100:

dominates the flora. There are several rare or endangered plant species in Akagera, including

1365: 1332: 1026: 18615: 18568: 18353: 17605: 17193: 17165: 16129: 15820: 15720: 14575: 13314: 13120: 13070: 12792: 12532: 12286: 12153: 11567: 10631: 10361: 3853:, traditionally seen largely as a mode of transport in Rwanda, is also growing in popularity 3724: 3363: 2648:

services are available to various destinations in neighbouring countries. The country has an

2145: 2069: 1963: 1431:. Within Rwanda, a period of reconciliation and justice began, with the establishment of the 373: 14605:. U.S. Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. 2016. Archived from 13318: 12512: 11757:"Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP, Rwanda, 1994" 10884:"RwandAir plans further regional expansion in 2015 and launch of long-haul services in 2017" 8211: 8209: 5524:

Waldorf, Lars (2017). "The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame". In Themnér, Anders (ed.).

3560:, the last four having been filmed in Rwanda and having featured survivors as cast members. 2998: 2652:

at Kigali that serves several international destinations, the busiest routes being those to

1018: 18535: 17842: 17160: 16589: 15886: 15737: 15732: 15401: 13960: 13179:"Digital TV is opening the floodgates of opportunities for local content producers – Watta" 11488: 11464: 11359: 10806: 10169: 9861: 6957: 4926:

Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era

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Since 2006, Human Rights Watch has documented that Rwandan authorities round up and detain

3171: 3154: 3121: 3097: 3080: 3057: 2536: 2331: 2172: 1546: 1479: 1178: 429: 55: 14835:

Friends and Foes Volume II: Friendship and Conflict from Social and Political Perspectives

14606: 12939:"Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012—Final Results: Main indicators report" 11264: 8043: 8041: 4501: 2761: 1910:, which rises in the south-west, flows north, east, and southeast before merging with the 1517:. The RPF is a Tutsi-dominated party but receives support from other communities as well. 1447:

have grown rapidly; between 2006 and 2011 the poverty rate reduced from 57% to 45%, while

1245:. By 1700, around eight kingdoms had existed in the present-day Rwanda. One of these, the 8: 18476: 18418: 18168: 18115: 18081: 17898: 16387: 16370: 15934: 15866: 15835: 15705: 15637: 14941: 14065: 13340: 13217: 10988: 8805: 8206: 3736: 3295: 3277: 3070: 2748: 2640:; in 2013 there were 9,609 registered motorcycle taxis in Rwanda, compared with just 579 2592: 2544: 2477: 2346:

tracking, in the Volcanoes National Park; Rwanda is one of only three countries in which

2108: 1811: 1747: 1737: 1708: 1550: 1538: 1522: 1254: 1170: 919: 836: 587: 16684: 15302: 13939: 8092: 8080: 6961: 3958:

of Kigali, having won 13 of the last 17 championships. Rwandan clubs participate in the

3652:

is popular. The potato, thought to have been introduced to Rwanda by German and Belgian

3181: 2509:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1443:, a traditional village court system. Since 2000 Rwanda's economy, tourist numbers, and 415: 98: 18086: 17883: 17411: 17364: 16665: 16643: 15939: 15901: 15688: 15674: 15593: 15571: 15406: 15350: 14820: 14356: 14141:"A survey of the praying mantises of Rwanda, including new records (Insecta, Mantodea)" 13281: 13237: 12563:"Ministry of Infrastructure Final Report on Transport Sector Strategic Plan for EDPRS2" 12531:

Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), Republic of Rwanda (June 2002).

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provides that "nly civil monogamous marriage between a man and a woman is recognized".

3244: 3232: 3201: 2554:

Rwanda's electricity supply was, until the early 2000s, generated almost entirely from

2389: 2040: 1622: 1558: 1471: 1356: 1288: 1160: 1014: 1002: 907: 533: 520: 494: 367: 16018: 14720: 14695: 14384: 11513: 10782: 10190: 10148: 5372: 1922:, and its source in Nyungwe Forest is a contender for the as-yet undetermined overall 18515: 17888: 17625: 17198: 16897: 16712: 16572: 16145: 15978: 15916: 15830: 15788: 15610: 15605: 15586: 15559: 15541: 15195: 14983: 14962: 14860: 14839: 14824: 14160: 14026: 14005: 13720: 13705: 13666: 13368: 13132: 12992: 12821: 12677: 12455:"Flashback to terror: Survivors of Rwandan genocide watch screening of Shooting Dogs" 12439: 12322: 12234: 12108: 12089: 12070: 11970: 11937: 11840: 11651: 11627: 11594: 11438: 11314: 11192: 11113: 10910: 10665: 10567: 10414: 10097: 10078: 9993: 9826: 9781: 7402: 6993: 6975: 6926: 6908: 6807:"Conservationists flew 30 white rhinos to Rwanda in a huge operation to protect them" 5538: 5510: 5469: 4930: 4463: 4401: 4369: 4357: 4317: 4239: 3992: 3842: 3838: 3813: 3604: 3579: 3401: 3374: 2624: 2458: 2338: 2222: 2168: 2121: 2053: 2008: 1980: 1976: 1884: 1757: 1530: 1392: 1280: 1246: 1242: 1205:

hunter-gatherers who remain in Rwanda today. Between 700 BC and 1500 AD, a number of

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Rwanda has low corruption levels relative to most other African countries; in 2014,

18666: 18635: 18605: 18505: 18453: 18343: 16877: 15881: 15815: 15627: 15615: 15598: 15417: 14812: 14626: 14152: 13807: 13625: 11813: 11804:

Jefremovas, Villia (1995). "Acts of Human Kindness: Tutsi, Hutu and the Genocide".

10547: 10337: 10316: 10295: 10274: 10253: 10232: 10211: 7394: 6983: 6965: 6916: 6898: 6444: 6442: 5496: 5457: 4393: 4349: 4075: 4069: 4019: 3891: 3883: 3715:, which was established in the 1950s, a Heineken partner, and is now listed on the 3322: 3125: 3012: 2576: 2481: 2465: 2347: 2343: 2187: 2117: 2018: 1969:

Mountains dominate central and western Rwanda and the country is sometimes called "

1802:

is a provincial-level authority, which coordinates urban planning within the city.

1678: 1661: 1428: 1404: 1348: 1060: 1042: 923: 761: 264: 254: 83: 11217: 11014: 10937: 10538:

Boyd, J. Barron (December 1979). "African Boundary Conflict: An Empirical Study".

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as President since 2000. The country has been governed by a series of centralized

18723: 18544: 18388: 18030: 17680: 16648: 16565: 16474: 16061: 15994: 15959: 15949: 15944: 15924: 15742: 15450: 14854: 14833: 14816: 14020: 13999: 13460: 13362: 12986: 12886: 12459: 12433: 12228: 12224: 12064: 12037: 11964: 11931: 11914: 11834: 11621: 11588: 11432: 11388:"Welcome to the International Organisation of La Francophonie's official website" 11383: 11107: 11082: 10904: 10659: 10072: 10050: 9987: 9820: 9777: 9771: 8975: 6427: 4924: 4353: 4013: 3895: 3804: 3526:. A number of films have been produced about the Rwandan Genocide, including the 3523: 3519: 3420: 3385: 3309: 3305: 3269: 3157:

development programme, boosting spending on health care to 6.5% of the country's

3134: 2710: 2661: 2645: 2637: 2424:

networks across eastern and southern Africa. As of 2015, Liquid Telecom provides

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Rwanda is a country of few natural resources, and the economy is based mostly on

2164: 2102: 2076:, the largest remaining tract of forest, contains 200 species of tree as well as 1984: 1903: 1674: 1657: 1641: 1514: 1501: 1448: 1424: 1423:, fearing reprisals; additionally, the RPF-led army was a key belligerent in the 1318: 1234: 1198: 1182: 1081: 1065: 1052: 990: 974: 951: 444: 335: 304: 69: 15475: 14332: 10487: 9675: 6776:"White rhinos flown from South Africa to Rwanda in largest single translocation" 6439: 2583: 2003: 18600: 18525: 18433: 17878: 16882: 16867: 16511: 16495: 15929: 14352: 14328: 14304: 13834: 13795: 12319:

Strengthening Sport for Development and Peace: National Policies and Strategies

11727:"An approach to the Poverty Reduction Action Plan for Rwanda: The Interim PRSP" 10649: 9612: 8938: 6970: 3947: 3748: 3637: 3569: 3313: 2991: 2931: 2596: 2327: 2253: 2073: 2061: 2027: 1935: 1895: 1633: 1583: 1579: 1459: 1227: 1132: 1124: 559: 259: 104: 14209: 14156: 13812: 12651:

Ministry of Sports and Culture, Republic of Rwanda (MINISPOC) (October 2012).

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When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda

6746:"Rwanda Just Pulled Off the Largest Transport of Rhinos From Europe to Africa" 5461: 4397: 3962:

for Central and East African teams, sponsored since 2002 by President Kagame.

3744: 3047:; this contrasts with most modern African states, whose borders were drawn by 18717: 18699: 18686: 17801: 17650: 16851: 16577: 16185: 15805: 15576: 15479: 15445: 15273:"Maintenance of Hydropower Potential in Rwanda Through Ecosystem Restoration" 15223: 15199: 14551: 14497: 14447:"Millennium Development Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases" 13908:"Lions to be reintroduced to Rwanda after 15-year absence following genocide" 13136: 12614: 8817: 6979: 6912: 5749: 4467: 4361: 4229: 3979: 3879: 3780: 3556: 3515: 3326: 2694: 2690: 2555: 2445: 2245: 1919: 1682: 1637: 1590: 1526: 1340: 1313: 1284: 1222: 1206: 1202: 1169:

Modern human settlement of what is now Rwanda dates from, at the latest, the

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Wiredu, Kwasi; Abraham, William E.; Irele, Abiola; Menkiti, Ifeanyi (2006).

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Waldorf, Lars (2005). "Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice".

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for tertiary education in Rwanda was 7.9%, from 3.6% in 2006. The country's

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Rwanda produced 2.6 million tonnes of banana in 2019, its largest cash crop.

1625:

and 55th-cleanest out of 175 in the world. The constitution provides for an

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Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), Republic of Rwanda (9 August 2017).

11364:"Special Report: FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to Rwanda" 11334: 11239: 10760: 10517: 9891: 7881: 6997: 6930: 6543: 6541: 3930:

four times in a row since 2007. The country bid unsuccessfully to host the

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and the country's other public higher education institutions. In 2013, the

2572: 2563: 2437: 2385: 2292: 2283:(green bananas), which occupy more than a third of the country's farmland, 2180: 2131: 1962:, the last being the largest of a string of lakes in the eastern plains of 1947: 1915: 1911: 1899: 1853: 1602: 1375: 1131:(one of few member states that does not have any historical links with the 1085: 964: 380: 323: 274: 148: 12963: 12936: 12909: 12674:

Thirty-One Nil: On the Road With Football's Outsiders, A World Cup Odyssey

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Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), Republic of Rwanda (August 2007).

12262:"Newly discovered bush tiger praying mantis in Rwanda is a vicious hunter" 11620:

Hoye, Russell; Smith, Aaron C.T; Nicholson, Matthew; Stewart, Bob (2015).

11009:

Commission Juridique Et Constitutionnelle Du Rwanda (CJCR) (26 May 2003).

9028: 9026: 8811: 8215: 8098: 8086: 8047: 7205: 7179: 6490: 5378: 3075: 2256:

amongst the seven member nations, which could eventually lead to a common

2186:

Recent entomological work in the country has revealed a rich diversity of

18620: 18358: 18328: 18178: 17958: 17760: 17740: 17660: 16469: 16300: 16190: 13742:"Statistics and tariff information in telecom sector as of December 2011" 13580: 12127: 12016: 9639: 9561: 7180:"From genocide to growth: Rwanda's remarkable economic turnaround – GE63" 3854: 3740: 3630:

produced by subsistence agriculture such as bananas, plantains (known as

3627: 3301: 3265: 3261: 3044: 2632: 2559: 2548: 2421: 2412:, went into liquidation in 2011, having been 80% owned by Libyan company 2312: 2229: 1951: 1943: 1888: 1529:, and has broad powers including creating policy in conjunction with the 1509: 1489: 1305: 1119:

and an additional 22.7% vulnerable to it. The country is a member of the

1089: 1069: 1056: 1010: 915: 453: 438: 400: 286: 249: 10413:(Illustrated, Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8358: 8356: 7398: 6538: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 5501: 5484: 5120:"Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962?" 4475: 4451: 1308:, and later, in 1922, they started to rule both Rwanda and Burundi as a 18630: 18373: 18313: 18243: 18183: 17933: 17928: 17822: 17755: 17695: 17685: 17675: 17580: 17406: 16798: 16676: 16376: 16280: 16245: 16230: 16215: 16170: 16104: 14874: 14832:

Watson, Graeme; Renzi, Barbara Gabriella; Viggiani, Elisabetta (2010).

13681: 13642: 13157: 13043: 12013:"Over a Million Tourists Help Rwanda's Tourism Revenue Cross US$ 300m" 11825: 11434:

We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families

9032:

Spartacus International Gay Guide, p. 1216. Bruno Gmunder Verlag, 2007.

9023: 7835: 7833: 7831: 6057: 5527:

Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics

3834: 3830: 3720: 3406: 2429: 2316: 2271: 2213:

mean score of 3.85/10, ranking it 139th globally out of 172 countries.

2023: 1959: 1955: 1892: 1877: 1669: 1665: 329: 16453: 12480:

Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI), Republic of Rwanda (10 June 2006).

10559: 9115: 9113: 8059: 7869: 7490: 6887:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 5836: 2611:; the country's most important trade route is the road to the port of 2461:

service accessible in most areas of Kigali via pre-paid subscription.

18610: 18560: 18485: 18398: 18383: 18308: 18173: 17918: 17913: 17858: 17700: 16689: 16235: 14670: 13769:"Statistics and tariff information in telecom sector as of June 2015" 13257: 11991:

American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers

10381: 10357: 9056: 8368: 8353: 6322: 4276:"Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime" 3728: 3685: 3469: 3453: 3254: 3029: 3021: 2949: 2877: 2409: 2120:

population. Nyungwe Forest boasts thirteen primate species including

2092:

and moorland, with small areas of forest. By contrast, Akagera has a

2015: 1931: 1713: 1626: 1321:, promoted Tutsi supremacy, considering the Hutu and Tutsi different 1186: 1174: 1108: 978: 947: 13886:. National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Rwanda. 11817: 11087:"Niyonshuti to carry Rwandan flag in Olympic Games opening ceremony" 8619: 7828: 7816: 6341: 3870: 3859:

Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team

3674:-like consistency that is eaten throughout the African Great Lakes. 3670:) is common, a paste made from cassava or maize and water to form a 3609: 3079:

Children in a Rwandan primary school, using laptops supplied by the

1816: 1272: 18779:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

18573: 18403: 18338: 18298: 18293: 18278: 18228: 18223: 18208: 18198: 18188: 18060: 17984: 17953: 17948: 17615: 17610: 17570: 17565: 17550: 16694: 16653: 16335: 16310: 16160: 16155: 16134: 16099: 16084: 16005: 15421: 15184:"Sharing the burden of sickness: mutual health insurance in Rwanda" 14724: 14699: 14654: 13680:

Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) (Chapter 5) (2009).

13641:

Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) (Chapter 2) (2009).

12609:

Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC), Republic of Rwanda (2004).

11676: 11517: 10623: 10599: 10575: 10551: 10491: 10144: 9681: 9322: 9320: 9110: 8169: 8167: 7951: 7949: 6432: 6203: 4131: 3776: 3712: 3696: 3671: 3574: 3494: 3212: 3153:

President Kagame has made healthcare one of the priorities for the

3109: 2913: 2859: 2813: 2673: 2665: 2425: 1865: 1833: 1829: 1568: 1497: 1484: 1250: 1190: 982: 935: 874: 818: 17501: 15498: 14064: 13531:"Institutes of higher learning to merge with University of Rwanda" 11779: 11496: 10117:

Baringanire, Paul; Malik, Kabir; Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh (2014).

9621: 9513: 9305: 8944: 7717: 7198: 6636: 6478: 6353: 6141:"Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border" 3249: 3130: 2526: 2507:. The reason given is: Sanitation access statistics are from 2006. 2171:. Eastern Rwanda, by contrast, features savanna birds such as the 1420: 1197:

and iron tools. These early inhabitants were the ancestors of the

18578: 18550: 18438: 18333: 18318: 18283: 18268: 18253: 17968: 17963: 17938: 17893: 17873: 17863: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17750: 17730: 17715: 17705: 17670: 17595: 17560: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 16764: 16670: 16542: 16521: 16490: 16448: 16320: 16290: 16275: 16260: 16250: 16240: 16205: 16200: 16150: 16119: 16094: 16069: 15331:"Terrestrial Ecoregions: Albertine Rift montane forests (AT0101)" 13311:

Occasional Paper: Project on Environment, Population and Security

13307:"Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict, The Case of Rwanda" 12069:(illustrated ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. 11645: 11311:

A History of Rwandan Identity and Trauma: The Mythmakers' Victims

10513:"Rwanda genocide: the fight to bring the perpetrators to justice" 9293: 8329: 6502: 6466: 4540:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Rwanda)" 4303: 4301: 3850: 3846: 3707: 3649: 3645: 3632: 3620: 3489: 3480: 3449: 3147: 3037: 3017: 2823: 2776: 2641: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2436:

and embassies, with private subscription levels low. As of 2015,

2296: 2093: 2081: 1992: 1873: 1869: 1845: 1837: 1380: 1364:

with large-scale slaughter and repression of the Tutsi. In 1973,

1301: 1260: 1194: 1006: 959: 939: 927: 546: 348: 16820: 14548:

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (III)

12965: 12590:"New Bugesera International Airport construction works kick-off" 11330:"Rwanda accepted into Commonwealth only 15 years after genocide" 9866:"Ethnic origins ignored in Rwanda's first census since genocide" 9383: 9381: 9317: 8871: 8869: 8164: 7946: 7794:"Should You Visit Kigali? A look at the cleanest city in Africa" 5872: 5677: 18749:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

18625: 18443: 18428: 18423: 18288: 18258: 18218: 18213: 18203: 18193: 17943: 17923: 17908: 17903: 17837: 17832: 17806: 17710: 17645: 17640: 17630: 17575: 16345: 16330: 16325: 16220: 16180: 16074: 16053: 15464: 14524:

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (II)

13125:

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

11906: 11409:"Digital broadcasting stirs up local TV industry, but ..." 9197: 8745: 8196: 8194: 7753: 7208:. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 5997: 4081: 4025: 3955: 3788: 3768: 3465: 3432: 3412: 3138: 3033: 2895: 2841: 2803: 2789: 2784: 2766: 2627:. The principal form of public transport in the country is the 2608: 2320: 2284: 2280: 2097: 2089: 2077: 1861: 1825: 1799: 1689: 1438: 1100: 968: 931: 205: 188: 15492: 14494:

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (I)

13796:"Language policy, multilingual education, and power in Rwanda" 13740:

Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) (December 2011).

11235:"Rwanda's Historic Health Recovery: What the U.S. Might Learn" 8881: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7356: 7329: 7061:

United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports

6592: 6570: 6568: 5778: 5776: 5643: 5641: 4298: 3816:, "one of the most famous people in Rwanda", competing in the 18413: 18368: 18323: 18303: 18273: 18263: 18248: 18238: 17827: 17725: 17720: 17655: 17635: 17620: 17545: 17223: 16516: 16305: 16255: 16210: 16195: 16175: 16165: 16139: 16079: 15355:"Rwanda deplores French decision on case of genocide suspect" 15218: 14805:

Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education

14547: 14523: 14493: 12107:. Cambridge, UK; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. 12088:. Cambridge, UK; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. 11208:"Health Equity in Rwanda: The New Rwanda, Twenty Years Later" 11109:

Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda

9602: 9600: 9378: 8866: 8179: 6496: 5017: 5015: 4381: 4379: 4087: 3732: 3689: 3657: 3615: 3461: 3369: 3282: 3174:. In 2005, President Kagame also launched a program known as 3028:, and has a population of 126,000. Other major towns include 2967: 2600: 2304: 2300: 2176: 1880:. The capital, Kigali, is located near the centre of Rwanda. 1841: 1233:

The earliest form of social organisation in the area was the

1215: 1077: 958:), with its geography dominated by mountains in the west and 867: 298: 75: 16619: 13881:"The Rwandan Conflict: Origin, Development, Exit Strategies" 12910:

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (February 2012).

11986:"Rwanda: Reorganization of public higher education underway" 11165: 9645: 9525: 9489: 9149: 8191: 6716:"Black rhinos return to Rwanda 10 years after disappearance" 5051: 1072:. However, within this group there are three subgroups: the 18466: 18408: 18233: 17765: 17690: 17665: 17590: 16315: 16225: 16114: 14646: 13387:"Two leading independent weeklies suspended for six months" 13033:"The success of tourism in Rwanda – Gorillas and more" 12937:

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (January 2014).

11677: 9818: 9627: 9068: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8486: 7887: 7705: 7447: 6672: 6565: 6389: 5925: 5860: 5800: 5773: 5737: 5725: 5689: 5665: 5653: 5638: 5626: 5311: 5309: 5075: 5063: 5039: 5027: 5000: 4096: 4040: 3899: 3760: 3226:(UNDP) is monitoring the country's health progress towards 3200:

devoted an article to "Rwanda's Historic Health Recovery".

3025: 2689:

is also investigating the feasibility of linking Rwanda to

2653: 2604: 2441: 2288: 2140: 1927: 1621:

ranked Rwanda as the fifth-cleanest out of 47 countries in

1211: 1073: 292: 18145: 14424:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (III) (2015).

14204: 13767:

Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) (June 2015).

13367:(second ed.). London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 12743:"Liquid Telecom acquires RwandaTel, eyes broadband market" 10681:"Farmers wary as new weather patterns threaten production" 10647:

Briggs, Jimmy (August 2004). "A dance of hope in Rwanda".

10386:"Commonwealth Games 2010: Participating nations in Africa" 10021:"Gov't to sanction officials who failed to declare wealth" 9839: 9597: 9549: 9405: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9257: 9209: 9185: 8901:"No, Rwanda hasn't dropped French as an official language" 8650: 8380: 8140: 8002: 8000: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7857: 7736: 7734: 7732: 6696: 6365: 6253: 6183: 6081: 6063: 5842: 5713: 5701: 5614: 5602: 5590: 5350: 5348: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5173: 5171: 5012: 4841: 4839: 4376: 3475: 2595:

since the 1994 genocide, with aid from the United States,

1317:

famine. Both the Germans and the Belgians, in the wake of

1029:

to power, who retained the pro-Hutu policy. The Tutsi-led

14852: 14445:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (IV) (2015).

14403:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (II) (2015).

13967: 13794:

Samuelson, Beth Lewis; Freedman, Sarah Warshauer (2010).

13381: 12559:

Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), Republic of Rwanda

11752: 11619: 10802: 9992:(illustrated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9723: 9567: 9477: 8823: 8793: 8638: 8578: 8576: 8440: 8293: 8257: 7496: 6884: 6547: 6454: 6226: 6045: 5824: 4800: 4031: 3457: 1415:. When the RPF took over, approximately two million Hutu 1104: 891: 15026:"Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), graph" 14598: 14570: 14466:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (V) (2013).

14426:"Millennium Development Goal 5: Improve maternal health" 14376:

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (I) (2010).

12816:

Munyakazi, Augustine; Ntagaramba, Johnson Funga (2005).

12312:"Using sport and play to achieve educational objectives" 12149:"A new university, new international leader, new future" 10906:

The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History

10233:"Rwanda gives DR Congo back tonnes of smuggled minerals" 10116: 9281: 9161: 9062: 9011: 8698: 8662: 8546: 8498: 7875: 7604: 7346: 7344: 6943: 6553: 6377: 6335: 6270: 6268: 6243: 6241: 5812: 5306: 5156: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4566: 3950:. Rwanda's highest domestic football competition is the 1399:

with the RPF. The cease-fire ended on 6 April 1994 when

16048: 15047:"Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people), graph" 14405:"Millennium Development Goal 4: Reduce child mortality" 13096:"Minister Irked By Big Number of Grass-Thatched Houses" 12201:"Rwandatel's Landline Telephony Increases By 7 Percent" 11640: 11259: 9711: 9501: 9441: 9349: 9332: 9233: 8769: 8588: 8534: 8452: 8428: 8281: 7997: 7934: 7922: 7905: 7729: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7621: 7619: 7553: 7307: 7305: 7280: 7278: 7253: 7251: 6347: 6285: 6283: 6114:"Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads" 6021: 5767: 5755: 5345: 5282: 5270: 5258: 5188: 5186: 5168: 4988: 4976: 4892: 4836: 4824: 4812: 4224: 4222: 15270: 14838:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 14357:"Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945–1999)" 14186:"VIDEO: The lions are now free to stroll Akagera Park" 13856:"Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania plan joint railway project" 13616: 13483:"In Rwanda, Health Care Coverage That Eludes the U.S." 11647:

Law and reality: progress in judicial reform in Rwanda

10119:"Scaling Up Access to Electricity: The Case of Rwanda" 9429: 9119: 8928: 8926: 8781: 8757: 8573: 8416: 8269: 8221: 8128: 8104: 7961: 7839: 7822: 7514: 7224: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7129: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6526: 6009: 5973: 5333: 5294: 4788: 4764: 4713: 4684: 4660: 4641: 4274:

Sebarenzi, Joseph; Twagiramungu, Noel (8 April 2019).

3886:

since 2004. The country sent seven competitors to the

3684:, consisting of the above staples and sometimes meat. 3308:, though it was never taught or widely used, and then 2468:

launched the first African-made smartphone in Rwanda.

2175:

and those associated with swamps and lakes, including

15387: 15248:"Agriculture and Food: Country profile – Rwanda" 14802: 14647:

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)

14231:"Coffee export revenue drops by 5% during 2015/16 FY" 14042:"What is Liquid Telecom upto after buying Rwandatel?" 14001:

The Order of Genocide: race, power, and war in Rwanda

13069: 12793:"Mining industry generated $ 93 million in 2008" 12768:"Tourism is Rwanda's biggest foreign exchange earner" 12403:"Virunga Massif Sustainable Tourism Development Plan" 11487: 11437:(Reprint ed.). London; New York, N.Y.: Picador. 10405:

Berry, Philip; Lewis, Janice; Williams, Cara (1990).

10191:"Hutus 'killed Rwanda President Juvenal Habyarimana'" 9651: 9585: 9537: 9453: 9417: 9366: 9221: 8950: 8374: 8362: 8341: 8317: 8245: 7973: 7570: 7568: 7543: 7541: 7341: 7290: 6642: 6359: 6310: 6265: 6238: 6171: 5961: 5949: 5937: 5578: 5384: 5198: 5144: 5099: 5087: 4955: 4851: 4752: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4696: 4273: 4114: 4090: 4058: 4034: 15156:

WHO Country Cooperation Strategy at a glance: Rwanda

14528:"Health Insurance Expands Care For Rwanda's Poorest" 13286:"Rwanda Launches Bold Medical Education Partnership" 12693:"Who will win the 2014/15 national football league?" 11883:"A Beautiful Rwandan Economy ... Made in Kenya" 11463: 10439: 9860: 9735: 9699: 9573: 9393: 9299: 9245: 9173: 8510: 8392: 8335: 8305: 8152: 7985: 7893: 7688: 7651:"Rwanda launches first 'Made in Africa' smartphones" 7616: 7502: 7317: 7302: 7275: 7248: 7117: 7105: 6878: 6866: 6660: 6508: 6401: 6300: 6298: 6280: 6033: 5884: 5848: 5360: 5183: 4904: 4880: 4672: 4219: 4093: 4078: 4037: 4022: 3969: 2575:. As an emergency measure, the government installed 2428:

service to 30,968 subscribers, with mobile operator

1451:

rose from 46.6 years in 2000 to 65.4 years in 2021.

14831: 13718: 13643:"Chap II. Population, Health and human settlements" 13364:

The Rwanda Crisis, 1959–1994: History of a Genocide

13304: 13155: 12964:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (2015). 12815: 12502:

Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), Republic of Rwanda

11966:

Ethnic Politics and Democratic Transition in Rwanda

11725:International Monetary Fund (IMF) (November 2000). 11706:"Rwanda: Bringing Clean Water to Rural Communities" 10881: 9914:"Rwanda graft index falters but ranking unaffected" 9687: 9663: 9326: 9311: 9137: 8923: 8563: 8561: 8404: 8173: 7955: 7678: 7676: 7631: 7592: 7466: 7263: 7141: 6937: 6854: 6825: 6580: 6514: 6484: 6472: 6093: 6069: 5985: 5878: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5321: 4776: 4084: 4028: 3857:; and Team Rwanda have been the subject of a book, 3185:

Historical development of life expectancy in Rwanda

15349: 15089:"International tourism, number of arrivals, graph" 14984:"Health expenditure, public (% of GDP), 1995–1999" 14963:"Health expenditure, public (% of GDP), 2010–2014" 14025:. Minneapolis, Minn.: Twenty-First Century Books. 13280: 12378:"Delayed UN report links Rwanda to Congo genocide" 12176:"Rwanda launch bid for 2013 African Championships" 11166:Office of the Prime Minister, Republic of Rwanda. 10404: 9465: 9269: 8751: 8674: 8600: 8522: 8233: 8116: 7758:"Water, Sanitation and Hygiene(WASH) Budget Brief" 7723: 7580: 7565: 7538: 7526: 7478: 6684: 6648: 6159: 6003: 5788: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5246: 4725: 4269: 4267: 3209:United States Agency for International Development 2660:; there is one domestic route, between Kigali and 17240:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 15252:EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal 14942:"Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)" 14281:"Rwandans urged to embrace rain water harvesting" 13793: 13554:Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (I) (7 May 2010). 13262:"Rwandan Presidents promulgates new constitution" 12691:Mugabe, Bonnie; Kamasa, Peter (18 October 2014). 11206:Drobac, Peter; Naughton, Brienna (15 June 2014). 10463:"Meet Mutokambali, the national hoops team coach" 8887: 7845: 7368: 6295: 5566: 4432:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3300:The country's principal and national language is 1872:to the south. It lies a few degrees south of the 1773: 1767: 1761: 1751: 1741: 1727: 1656:were tense following Rwanda's involvement in the 1609: 1436: 1266: 1258: 1226:A reconstruction of the ancient King's Palace at 146: 47: 18715: 15005:"Life expectancy at birth, total (years), graph" 14675:"Congolese army claims attack by Rwandan troops" 14627:"Rwanda: Aménagement linguistique dans le monde" 14624: 14351: 13679: 13640: 13030: 12438:. Revised. London; New York, N.Y.: Verso Books. 12309: 12124:"Rwanda and Uganda Move to Strengthen Relations" 11564:"Uganda, Rwanda Move to Mend Troubled Relations" 10857:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (III) (2011). 10488:"Apprentice adviser Nick Hewer's Rwanda mission" 10338:"Why cricket is gaining in popularity in Rwanda" 9519: 8875: 8686: 8558: 8185: 7673: 7362: 7335: 7236: 7160: 7034: 6598: 5057: 2603:, as well as to the eastern Congolese cities of 1848:. The entire country is at a high altitude: the 1794:, and the Municipality of Kigali in the centre. 1343:(of which Rwanda formed the northern part) as a 17281:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 14327: 13407:"Rwanda completes $ 95 mln fibre optic network" 13305:Percival, Valerie; Homer-Dixon, Thomas (1995). 13031:Nielsen, Hannah; Spenceley, Anna (April 2010). 12862:"Rwanda to restock water bodies with fisheries" 12233:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 11856:"Enforcing Contracts: The Experience of Rwanda" 11081: 10935: 10272: 9762: 9747: 9495: 8812:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2014 8216:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2012 8200: 8099:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2014 8087:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2014 8048:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2015 6139:Butera, Saul; Ojambo, Fred (21 February 2020). 5806: 5396: 5379:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 2012 5045: 4264: 3280:as synonymous with the traditional Rwandan God 3100:(UR) was created out of a merger of the former 2591:The government has increased investment in the 2408:The country's oldest telecommunications group, 2279:Subsistence crops grown in the country include 17503:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 14921:"School enrollment, tertiary (% gross), graph" 14303: 13686:Rwanda State of Environment and Outlook Report 13647:Rwanda State of Environment and Outlook Report 11205: 11168:"Statement on Cabinet Decisions of 29.07.2014" 10679:Bucyensenge, Jean-Pierre (17 September 2014). 10380: 10251: 10188: 9633: 9040: 9038: 8492: 8064:. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. 7460: 5931: 5240: 3572:on 4 July. The last Saturday of each month is 3347:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 2197:Rwanda contains three terrestrial ecoregions: 1983:volcano chain in the northwest; this includes 1041:in April 1994. Social tensions erupted in the 18131: 18010:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique 17487: 16836: 16605: 16034: 15514: 15128: 15023: 14183: 13930: 13156:Office of the Ombudsman, Republic of Rwanda. 13118: 12676:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 67. 12632:"Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework" 11623:Sport Management: Principles and Applications 11286:"Rwanda's health service evolution – podcast" 10664:(3rd ed.). London: Bradt Travel Guides. 10356: 10335: 10296:"Rwanda 'gacaca' genocide courts finish work" 10293: 10230: 10167: 9606: 9555: 9411: 9125: 8656: 8012: 7863: 7012:"World Economic Outlook database: April 2022" 6702: 6371: 6259: 6087: 5830: 3341:, a language closely related to Kinyarwanda. 2420:, a company providing telecommunications and 926:converge. Located a few degrees south of the 599:26,338 km (10,169 sq mi) ( 30:"Ruanda" redirects here. For other uses, see 18774:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 18646:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 18641:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 17276:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 16420:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 15224:"World Weather Information Service – Kigali" 15107: 15002: 14918: 14718: 14693: 14089:Tabaro, Jean de la Croix (21 January 2015). 13682:"Chap V. Biodiversity and Genetic Resources" 12690: 12410:International Gorilla Conservation Programme 12062: 11880: 10859:"Rank Order – Life expectancy at birth" 10706:"MTN Rwanda deploys new Internet technology" 10314: 10209: 10143: 9986:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010). 9729: 9483: 8799: 8723:"Health Information for Travelers to Rwanda" 8644: 8446: 8060:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. 7393:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 7054:"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023 Rwanda" 6842: 6421:Voyage au Rwanda, le pays des Mille Collines 6232: 6138: 6051: 5818: 5315: 5069: 4572: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 1970: 1219:class distinction rather than a racial one. 61: 18667:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 18051:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie 15086: 15044: 14981: 14939: 14897: 14546: 14378:"Human Development Index Trends, 1980–2010" 14210:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2014 Results" 14091:"Rwanda Introduces Kiswahili in Curriculum" 14018: 13710:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13671:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13336:"Europe 'ignoring French role in genocide'" 11702:International Development Association (IDA) 11682:"CIV – Ivory Coast to host AfroBasket 2013" 10678: 10657: 9985: 9840:Agence Africaine de Presse (24 July 2015). 9387: 9263: 9215: 9203: 9035: 8709: 8668: 8552: 8504: 8386: 8146: 7610: 6678: 6574: 6559: 6395: 6201: 5354: 5021: 4456:Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 4445: 4443: 4392:. University of Chicago Press. p. 87. 3914:. The country has also participated in the 2365: 1930:. Rwanda has many lakes, the largest being 1696: 1458:although the country was never part of the 1189:, followed by a larger population of early 18799:Swahili-speaking countries and territories 18794:States and territories established in 1962 18138: 18124: 18005:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie 17494: 17480: 17084:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 16843: 16829: 16612: 16598: 16041: 16027: 15521: 15507: 15065: 14960: 14873: 14522: 14423: 13837:. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 13528: 13119:Nzabuheraheza, François Dominicus (2005). 12820:(in French). Oxford: Macmillan Education. 12718:"Liquid Telecom acquires Rwandatel assets" 12435:Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide 12400: 12310:McCracken, Kathryn; Colucci, Emma (2014). 12198: 12105:Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda 11803: 11430: 11216:. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Archived from 10622: 10046:"Uganda races to meet Monetary Union date" 9936: 9447: 8775: 8727:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 8594: 8540: 8458: 8434: 8287: 7559: 7390:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 6460: 6027: 5339: 5081: 5033: 3217:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2986:National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda 1578:Rwanda's legal system is largely based on 1545:and all other members of the Cabinet. The 1465: 1433:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 178: 18754:French-speaking countries and territories 16791: 15437:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 15188:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 15131:"Access to electricity (% of population)" 14669: 14492: 14444: 14402: 14253: 14228: 14039: 13811: 13556:"World Environment Day & Kwita Izina" 13480: 13256: 12530: 12146: 11881:Kezio-Musoke, David (16 September 2014). 11832: 11354: 10856: 10731:"MTN, Tigo Reaping From Rwandatel Misery" 10598: 9963:"The Barbecue Chef who masters his roast" 9885:Aglietti, Stephanie (11 September 2014). 9435: 8787: 8763: 8582: 8422: 8110: 7967: 7740: 7711: 7520: 7230: 7135: 7004: 6987: 6969: 6920: 6902: 6804: 6383: 6015: 5584: 5500: 5117: 4642:"Government of Rwanda: Welcome to Rwanda" 4525: 4452:"Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections" 4449: 4235:Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace 3890:in London, representing it in athletics, 2382:Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines 2052:is the home of the largest population of 1048:Rwanda has been governed by the RPF as a 18789:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 16621:Former German colonies and protectorates 15454:) is being considered for deletion. See 15439:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 15182:World Health Organization (WHO) (2008). 14900:"Internet users (per 100 people), graph" 14777: 14465: 14375: 14004:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 13429: 13207:"Rwanda – The preventable genocide" 13093: 13048:SNV Netherlands Development Organisation 13005: 12984: 12834: 12671: 12650: 12587: 12557: 12401:Mehta, Hitesh; Katee, Christine (2005). 12038:"Resurrecting the East African Shilling" 12010: 11511: 11382: 11327: 11138: 11105: 11011:"Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda" 10902: 10882:Centre For Aviation (22 December 2014). 10832:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (II). 10574: 10460: 10317:"Goma: M23 rebels capture DR Congo city" 9911: 9887:"Rwanda cricket, growing a game of hope" 9884: 9769: 9717: 9682:International Basketball Federation 2011 9657: 9591: 9543: 9531: 9507: 9459: 9423: 9360: 9343: 9239: 9227: 9191: 9167: 9155: 8956: 8006: 7979: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7350: 7296: 6532: 6316: 6111: 5967: 5955: 5943: 5854: 5390: 5366: 5288: 5276: 5264: 5006: 4994: 4982: 4898: 4845: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4794: 4770: 4719: 4690: 4666: 4440: 4164:"Rwanda: A Brief History of the Country" 3869: 3808: 3626:The cuisine of Rwanda is based on local 3608: 3595:, and public transportation is limited. 3474: 3430:, or cow dance, performed by women; the 3405: 3377:are not recognized by the state, as the 3368:Homosexuality is generally considered a 3248: 3180: 3129: 3074: 2997: 2582: 2525: 2401:, being suspended for six months by the 2270: 2130: 2044: 2002: 1815: 1712: 1567: 1483: 1374: 1327: 1221: 185:Location of Rwanda (dark blue) 18015:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie 14468:"Human Development Report 2013: Rwanda" 14278: 14113: 13954: 13853: 13832: 13553: 13529:Rutayisire, Emmanuel (16 August 2013). 13453: 13413:. London. 16 March 2011. Archived from 13405: 13360: 13121:"Milk Production and Hygiene in Rwanda" 12884: 12790: 12765: 12715: 12629: 12608: 12500: 12479: 12431: 12375: 12350: 12284: 12259: 12223: 12122:Maboja, Wilhelmina (12 February 2015). 12102: 12083: 12035: 11905: 11029: 10981: 10909:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 10510: 10485: 10043: 10018: 9960: 9741: 9705: 9622:International Paralympic Committee 2015 9579: 9399: 9179: 9017: 8516: 8472:"Rwanda adult literacy rate, 1960-2023" 8398: 8347: 8311: 8299: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8227: 8158: 7991: 7899: 7888:AfDB & OECD Development Centre 2006 7699: 7625: 7508: 7323: 7311: 7284: 7257: 7123: 7111: 6872: 6666: 6289: 6274: 6247: 6177: 6039: 5979: 5890: 5523: 5482: 5327: 5300: 5228: 5216: 5204: 5192: 5162: 5150: 5105: 5093: 4961: 4929:. Oxford University Press. p. 24. 4910: 4886: 4874: 4862: 4758: 4746: 4707: 4339: 4307: 4228: 3775:also operate in the country, importing 3268:Christianity, and, to a lesser degree, 2587:Rwanda electricity production by source 946:. It is highly elevated, giving it the 135:(French: "Unité, Travail, Patriotisme") 14: 18716: 14498:"Rwanda: Water and Sanitation Profile" 14138: 14088: 14066:Stanford University Swahili Department 14040:Southwood, Russell (19 October 2013). 13997: 13957:Spartacus International Gay Guide 2007 13692:from the original on 11 September 2013 13653:from the original on 11 September 2013 13596:Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (III). 13506:Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) 13441:from the original on 25 September 2015 13333: 13235: 13008:"Competition heats up for beer market" 12859: 12272:from the original on 27 September 2018 12173: 12121: 11983: 11962: 11853: 11561: 11536: 11406: 11313:. Langham, Maryland: Lexington Books. 11308: 11247:from the original on 17 September 2019 11186: 11139:Delawala, Imtiyaz (7 September 2001). 10789:from the original on 24 September 2019 10753: 10728: 10703: 10658:Briggs, Philip; Booth, Janice (2006). 10646: 10070: 10019:Asiimwe, Bosco R (28 September 2011). 9961:Anyango, Gloria I. (4 February 2010). 9825:(5 ed.). Paris: OECD Publishing. 9693: 9669: 9372: 9287: 9143: 8945:Stanford University Swahili Department 8932: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8620:"HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases" 8410: 8323: 8134: 7876:Baringanire, Malik & Banerjee 2014 7752: 7637: 7598: 7472: 7269: 7154: 6885:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). 6860: 6436:, 26 May 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2019. 6099: 6075: 5991: 5794: 5770:, VIII. Independence of the Judiciary. 5252: 4922: 4678: 4385: 4335: 4333: 4238:. Yale University Press. p. 185. 3767:; BMC is now owned by Belgian company 2416:. The company was acquired in 2013 by 1934:. This lake occupies the floor of the 1283:of 1884 assigned the territory to the 989:. The population coalesced first into 18119: 17475: 17233:Specialised agencies and institutions 16824: 16593: 16022: 16009: 15502: 14990:from the original on 27 February 2020 14969:from the original on 27 February 2020 14948:from the original on 14 November 2018 14749:"Birds endemic to the Albertine Rift" 14076:from the original on 23 November 2016 13985:from the original on 26 February 2014 13918:from the original on 15 February 2020 13905: 13893:from the original on 29 December 2013 13604:from the original on 12 February 2018 13595: 13575:Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (II). 13176: 12837:"Nkombo Island's Hope for the Future" 12778:from the original on 28 February 2018 12740: 12452: 11785:"Rwandan para-sport develops at pace" 11753:International Monetary Fund (IMF) (I) 11626:(4th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. 11549:from the original on 1 September 2013 11328:Fletcher, Pascal (30 November 2009). 11283: 11232: 11054: 10969:from the original on 23 February 2020 10956: 10803:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (I) 10525:from the original on 20 February 2020 10461:Bishumba, Richard (7 February 2015). 10392:from the original on 17 December 2018 10281:from the original on 23 February 2020 10239:from the original on 23 February 2020 10091: 9942:"Rwanda blames DR Congo for violence" 9912:Agutamba, Kenneth (4 December 2014). 9471: 9275: 8680: 8528: 8122: 7532: 7484: 7046: 6813:from the original on 17 December 2022 6786:from the original on 17 December 2022 6756:from the original on 17 December 2022 6726:from the original on 29 November 2022 6690: 6654: 5896: 5572: 5554:from the original on 27 November 2023 5447: 4648:from the original on 23 February 2021 4482:from the original on 5 September 2023 4414:from the original on 5 September 2023 4286:from the original on 5 September 2023 4130: 2668:. In 2017, construction began on the 2486:Water supply and sanitation in Rwanda 2252:in 2007, and has ratified a plan for 1906:. The country's longest river is the 1351:, with a mandate to oversee eventual 16982:Permanent Representatives' Committee 16752: 16010: 15495:(official Rwanda Tourism Board site) 15230:from the original on 20 January 2021 14778:Willgoss, Graham (30 October 2014). 14696:"Rwanda still searching for justice" 14681:from the original on 4 November 2012 14645: 14510:from the original on 29 October 2013 14480:from the original on 18 October 2018 14291:from the original on 10 October 2017 14266:from the original on 10 October 2017 14256:"Kamembe airport reopens to flights" 14254:Tumwebaze, Peterson (13 June 2015). 14241:from the original on 10 October 2017 14229:Tumwebaze, Peterson (21 July 2016). 14216:from the original on 3 December 2014 13766: 13754:from the original on 10 October 2017 13739: 13727:from the original on 20 October 2019 13622:"National Ballet – Urukerereza" 13574: 13492:from the original on 3 February 2014 13268:from the original on 10 October 2017 13189:from the original on 10 October 2017 13106:from the original on 10 October 2017 13006:Ngarambe, Alex (21 September 2012). 12897:from the original on 19 October 2012 12872:from the original on 10 October 2017 12847:from the original on 10 October 2017 12728:from the original on 10 October 2017 12703:from the original on 10 October 2017 12545:from the original on 23 October 2012 12467:from the original on 10 October 2017 12321:. London: Commonwealth Secretariat. 12297:from the original on 10 October 2017 12247:from the original on 11 January 2023 12211:from the original on 10 October 2017 12199:Majyambere, Gertrude (14 May 2010). 12161:from the original on 10 October 2017 12023:from the original on 10 October 2017 11950:from the original on 11 January 2023 11929: 11739:from the original on 10 October 2017 11586: 11451:from the original on 11 January 2023 11418:from the original on 10 October 2017 11153:from the original on 8 December 2015 11008: 10996:from the original on 2 November 2013 10923:from the original on 11 January 2023 10890:from the original on 7 November 2015 10831: 10741:from the original on 10 October 2017 10716:from the original on 10 October 2017 10661:Rwanda – The Bradt Travel Guide 10580:"History and Background Information" 10537: 10473:from the original on 10 October 2017 10323:from the original on 5 December 2012 10104:from the original on 19 January 2019 10031:from the original on 10 October 2017 10006:from the original on 11 January 2023 9973:from the original on 10 October 2017 9924:from the original on 10 October 2017 9899:from the original on 17 October 2019 9872:from the original on 3 February 2016 9794: 9251: 9098:from the original on 10 October 2022 9080: 9074: 8911:from the original on 18 October 2020 8239: 7851: 7804:from the original on 15 January 2021 7586: 7574: 7547: 7415:from the original on 18 January 2024 7386: 7374: 6944:Grantham, H.S.; et al. (2020). 6836: 6722:. Agence France-Presse. 3 May 2017. 6624:from the original on 7 February 2022 6586: 6520: 6407: 6304: 6189: 5902: 5866: 5782: 5743: 5731: 5719: 5707: 5695: 5683: 5671: 5659: 5647: 5632: 5620: 5608: 5596: 5177: 4734: 4590:United Nations Development Programme 4554:from the original on 19 October 2023 4252:from the original on 22 October 2023 4197:"Religions in Rwanda | PEW-GRF" 3878:Rwandans have been competing at the 3440:. The best-known dance group is the 3224:United Nations Development Programme 3215:epidemic. According to the American 2489: 2228:since strengthened, with per-capita 2203:Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 2072:dominating the rest of the country. 1095:Rwanda's economy is based mostly on 1009:, which took control in 1916 during 133:(English: "Unity, Work, Patriotism") 18784:Member states of the United Nations 17391:Single African Air Transport Market 17386:African Continental Free Trade Area 15528: 15325: 15313:from the original on 2 October 2013 15297: 15242: 15181: 15149: 14745:Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) 14706:from the original on 26 August 2007 14558:from the original on 14 August 2019 14126:from the original on 13 August 2018 13238:"Rwanda: Climate & Agriculture" 13203:Organization of African Unity (OAU) 13201: 12887:"Rwanda services sector boosts GDP" 12885:Nantaba, Eriosi (18 October 2010). 12388:from the original on 21 August 2016 12287:"Hip Hop Dominating Music Industry" 12174:Mackay, Duncan (24 December 2009). 12086:Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda 12050:from the original on 7 October 2012 11984:Koenig, Ann M. (9 September 2014). 11936:. New York, N.Y.: Benchmark Books. 11751: 11724: 11700: 11678:International Basketball Federation 11593:. Trade & Travel Publications. 11562:Heuler, Hilary (12 December 2011). 11370:from the original on 2 October 2013 11296:from the original on 3 January 2019 11191:. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. 10944:from the original on 30 August 2019 10819:from the original on 9 January 2021 10801: 10444:. World Trade Press. Archived from 10275:"Rwanda country profile – Overview" 10170:"Team reaches Nile's 'true source'" 10149:"Rwanda redrawn to reflect compass" 10044:Asiimwe, Dicta (20 December 2014). 9842:"Rwanda, DR Congo open trade talks" 9806:from the original on 5 January 2013 8999:from the original on 7 January 2023 8829: 8692: 8606: 8567: 8375:Williams, Abbott & Mupenzi 2015 8363:Williams, Abbott & Mupenzi 2015 8053: 7682: 7661:from the original on 9 October 2019 7242: 7206:"Rwanda production in 2019, by FAO" 7166: 7075: 7040: 6805:Hernandez, Joe (30 November 2021). 6612:"Climate Change Adaption in Rwanda" 6451:, Location and General Description. 6448: 6214:from the original on 21 August 2020 6165: 5768:Human Rights Watch & Wells 2008 5756:Human Rights Watch & Wells 2008 5435: 4578: 4330: 3954:; as of 2015, the dominant team is 2207:Ruwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 131:"Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu" 24: 18769:Member states of the African Union 15110:"GINI index (World Bank estimate)" 14633:from the original on 29 March 2013 14586:from the original on 28 March 2020 14363:from the original on 26 March 2019 14339:from the original on 12 April 2014 14333:"International Trusteeship System" 14315:from the original on 12 April 2014 14171:from the original on 28 March 2020 13878: 13841:from the original on 1 August 2012 13820:from the original on 21 April 2018 13430:Richards, Charles (24 July 1994). 13244:from the original on 19 April 2018 13164:from the original on 6 August 2019 13158:"Office of the Ombudsman: Mandate" 13094:Ntambara, Paul (9 December 2009). 13081:from the original on 14 March 2012 12860:Namata, Berna (28 December 2008). 12835:Nakayima, Lillian (23 June 2010). 12791:Mukaaya, Eddie (15 January 2009). 12766:Mukaaya, Eddie (28 January 2008). 12659:from the original on 18 April 2015 12653:"Rwanda Sports Development Policy" 12533:"Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper" 12351:McGreal, Chris (16 January 2009). 12338:from the original on 18 April 2015 12063:Linden, Ian; Linden, Jane (1977). 11854:Kamere, Emmanuel (17 March 2011). 11781:International Paralympic Committee 11767:from the original on 28 March 2020 11271:from the original on 30 April 2015 11093:from the original on 6 August 2019 11030:Copnall, James (2 February 2004). 10780: 10691:from the original on 14 March 2018 10344:from the original on 30 March 2015 10336:BBC News (XI) (24 December 2014). 10218:from the original on 18 March 2020 10189:BBC News (III) (12 January 2010). 10131:from the original on 21 March 2016 10092:Banda, Honoré (12 February 2015). 9753: 7186:from the original on 31 March 2023 6120:from the original on 20 April 2019 5913:from the original on 14 April 2022 5903:Roth, Kenneth (10 December 2019). 5450:Journal of Eastern African Studies 4782: 4622:from the original on 27 April 2024 4596:from the original on 19 March 2024 4586:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 3763:beer and a local version known as 3578:, a national morning of mandatory 3176:The Presidents' Malaria Initiative 2593:transport infrastructure of Rwanda 2194:, dubbed the "bush tiger mantis". 1756:), cities, municipalities, towns, 137:(Swahili: "Umoja, Kazi, Uzalendo") 25: 18810: 18521:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 16850: 15458:to help reach a consensus. › 15375: 15361:from the original on 2 March 2016 15220:World Meteorological Organization 15137:from the original on 8 April 2016 15095:from the original on 8 April 2016 15074:from the original on 28 June 2016 15053:from the original on 9 April 2016 15032:from the original on 8 April 2016 15011:from the original on 8 April 2016 14927:from the original on 8 April 2016 14906:from the original on 8 April 2016 14856:A companion to African philosophy 14765:from the original on 24 June 2013 14600:"Rwands 2016 Human Rights Report" 14572:United States Department of State 14279:Umutesi, Doreen (18 March 2015). 14192:from the original on 11 July 2016 13854:Senelwa, Kennedy (25 July 2015). 13781:from the original on 4 March 2016 13468:from the original on 9 March 2016 13393:from the original on 24 June 2013 13143:from the original on 3 March 2014 12972:from the original on 8 April 2018 12803:from the original on 4 March 2016 12376:McGreal, Chris (1 October 2010). 12353:"Why Rwanda said adieu to French" 12186:from the original on 3 April 2019 12147:MacGregor, Karen (21 June 2014). 11994:. Washington, D.C. Archived from 11791:from the original on 4 April 2019 11712:from the original on 11 July 2010 11688:from the original on 4 March 2016 11664:from the original on 24 July 2014 11514:"East Africa trade bloc expanded" 11356:Food and Agriculture Organization 11042:from the original on 18 June 2018 10959:"Rwanda: Kagame's power struggle" 10768:from the original on 3 April 2019 10368:from the original on 30 July 2012 10315:BBC News (X) (20 November 2012). 10302:from the original on 8 March 2015 10231:BBC News (VI) (3 November 2011). 9646:Office of the Prime Minister 2014 9312:Watson, Renzi & Viggiani 2010 8969:La langue française dans le monde 8854:from the original on 9 March 2023 8062:"Size of the resident population" 8026:from the original on 21 June 2023 6497:World Meteorological Organization 6147:from the original on 6 March 2020 5132:from the original on 30 June 2018 5118:Karuhanga, James (30 June 2018). 4174:from the original on 15 July 2023 3820:event at the 2012 Summer Olympics 3739:, and a range of beers including 2727:Largest cities or towns in Rwanda 2558:sources; power stations on Lakes 2471: 1435:(ICTR) and the reintroduction of 1401:Habyarimana's plane was shot down 1177:period around 8000 BC, or in the 1055:since 1994 with former commander 644:517/km (1,339.0/sq mi) ( 18364:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18100: 18099: 17601:Democratic Republic of the Congo 17456: 17455: 17306:African Union–Ethiopia relations 16987:Specialized Technical Committees 16732: 16571: 16560: 16559: 16367:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 16344: 16125:Democratic Republic of the Congo 15469: 15327:World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 15116:from the original on 12 May 2019 14731:from the original on 1 June 2013 14721:"Rwanda's religious reflections" 14694:Walker, Robert (30 March 2004). 13833:Schöggl, Hans (1 October 2015). 13516:from the original on 12 May 2013 13504: 13334:Porter, Andrew (7 August 2008). 12363:from the original on 18 May 2015 11607:from the original on 1 July 2023 11524:from the original on 1 June 2013 11512:Grainger, Sarah (18 June 2007). 11407:Gasore, Ben (31 December 2014). 11342:from the original on 11 May 2011 11233:Emery, Neal (20 February 2013). 11126:from the original on 1 July 2023 10982:Coleman, Isobel (7 April 2010). 10498:from the original on 1 June 2013 10427:from the original on 1 July 2023 10197:from the original on 1 June 2013 10176:from the original on 1 June 2013 10155:from the original on 1 June 2013 10077:(in French). Paris: Petit Futé. 9989:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1 9948:from the original on 13 May 2011 9131: 9048:. 1 January 2009. Archived from 8981: 8962: 8893: 8733:from the original on 9 June 2016 8715: 8626:from the original on 15 May 2016 8612: 8464: 8068:from the original on 2 June 2022 7786: 7746: 7724:Berry, Lewis & Williams 1990 7643: 7380: 7212:from the original on 11 May 2017 7172: 7022:from the original on 31 May 2022 6798: 6768: 6738: 6708: 6604: 6413: 6195: 6132: 6112:Malingha, David (8 March 2019). 6105: 4943:from the original on 1 July 2023 4207:from the original on 23 May 2021 4074: 4018: 3988:Index of Rwanda-related articles 3972: 2807: 2797: 2770: 2760: 2494: 2311:in 2008. Minerals mined include 2211:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2135:Giraffe in Akagera National Park 1858:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1654:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1287:, who declared it to be part of 1084:. The Twa are a forest-dwelling 1025:overthrew Kayibanda and brought 944:Democratic Republic of the Congo 791: 790: 748: 747: 729: 728: 696: 695: 677: 676: 163: 111: 97: 15271:World Resources Report (2011). 15244:World Resources Institute (WRI) 15151:World Health Organization (WHO) 14859:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 14743: 14719:Walker, Robert (1 April 2004). 13481:Rosenberg, Tina (3 July 2012). 13348:from the original on 1 May 2019 12716:Mugisha, Ivan R (3 June 2013). 12066:Church and Revolution in Rwanda 11761:World Economic Outlook Database 11537:Henley, Jon (31 October 2007). 11284:Evans, Ruth (20 January 2014). 11189:Historical Dictionary of Rwanda 11055:Craig, Tara (23 October 2012). 10704:Butera, Saul (9 January 2010). 10273:BBC News (VIII) (4 June 2015). 10260:from the original on 7 May 2019 10252:BBC News (VII) (23 June 2015). 10210:BBC News (V) (27 August 2010). 10168:BBC News (II) (31 March 2006). 9895:. Paris. Agence France-Presse. 9796:African Development Bank (AfDB) 8174:Percival & Homer-Dixon 1995 7774:from the original on 7 May 2024 6848: 6485:Munyakazi & Ntagaramba 2005 6473:Munyakazi & Ntagaramba 2005 6064:Agence Africaine de Presse 2015 5843:Transparency International 2014 5517: 5476: 5441: 5111: 4967: 4916: 4634: 4608: 4310:Handbook of Restorative Justice 4005: 3952:Rwanda National Football League 3928:African Basketball Championship 3353: 3260:The largest faith in Rwanda is 2700: 2358:Rwanda was ranked 103rd in the 2034: 1942:. Other sizeable lakes include 1193:settlers, who produced dimpled 18591:British Indian Ocean Territory 18500:Australian Antarctic Territory 18041:International Francophonie Day 15555:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa 15299:World Trade Organization (WTO) 14309:"United Nations Member States" 14184:The New Times (13 June 2015). 14114:Tancott, Glen (30 June 2014). 13454:Robbins, Tom (9 August 2013). 13288:. Boston, Mass. Archived from 12453:Milmo, Cahal (29 March 2006). 12285:Mbabazi, Linda (11 May 2008). 12260:Maynard, James (22 May 2014). 11933:Rwanda (Cultures of the World) 10903:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). 10511:Bowcott, Owen (2 April 2014). 10294:BBC News (IX) (18 June 2012). 7497:Reporters Without Borders 2010 6548:Strategic Foresight Group 2013 4494: 4400:(inactive 12 September 2024). 4189: 4156: 2670:Bugesera International Airport 2199:Albertine Rift montane forests 1989:Albertine Rift montane forests 1836:. It is comparable in size to 1417:fled to neighbouring countries 13: 1: 18729:1962 establishments in Africa 17438:United States of Latin Africa 17132:Rural Economy and Agriculture 16909:Organisation of African Unity 15443: 13906:Smith, David (28 June 2015). 13040:African Success Stories Study 12317:. In Dudfield, Oliver (ed.). 12036:Lavelle, John (5 July 2008). 12011:KT Press (11 February 2015). 11836:Lake and reservoir management 11833:Jørgensen, Sven Erik (2005). 11032:"Camara breaks Rwanda hearts" 10957:Clark, Phil (5 August 2010). 10754:Carlin, John (13 July 2003). 10729:Butera, Saul (6 April 2011). 10486:Bowdler, Neil (14 May 2010). 10440:Best Country Reports (2007). 9773:Culture and customs of Rwanda 9063:U.S. Department of State 2016 8888:Samuelson & Freedman 2010 8020:"Rwanda Cities by Population" 6336:U.S. Department of State 2004 6202:Gwillim Law (27 April 2010). 3818:cross-country mountain biking 3757:Brasseries des Mille Collines 3102:National University of Rwanda 1335:, president from 1973 to 1994 977:settled the territory in the 17295:United States military bases 17291:United States Africa Command 14817:10.1080/03057925.2014.938611 14019:Streissguth, Thomas (2007). 13835:"Rwanda – List of Champions" 13177:Opobo, Moses (24 May 2015). 12741:Mugwe, David (3 June 2013). 11213:Harvard International Review 10407:"32: East African Highlands" 10212:"Q&A: DR Congo conflict" 9763:General and cited references 9520:McCracken & Colucci 2014 8622:. United Nations in Rwanda. 7363:Nielsen & Spenceley 2010 7336:Nielsen & Spenceley 2010 6348:Encyclopædia Britannica 2010 4354:10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 4150: 3902:, and 15 competitors to the 3759:(BMC) opened, manufacturing 3289: 3228:Millennium Development Goals 3064: 2372:Telecommunications in Rwanda 2355:in the east of the country. 1805: 1573:Chamber of Deputies building 1001:colonized Rwanda as part of 950:"land of a thousand hills" ( 7: 18585:British Antarctic Territory 18494:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 17797:French Community of Belgium 17122:HR, Sciences and Technology 15907:Water supply and sanitation 15474:Geographic data related to 15412:Central Intelligence Agency 15307:Trade policy review: Rwanda 15068:"GDP (current US$ ), graph" 12991:. Stellenbosch: SUN Press. 11806:Issue: A Journal of Opinion 11431:Gourevitch, Philip (2000). 11362:(FAO / WFP) (1 July 1997). 11057:"Unibra ramps up in Rwanda" 10442:"Temperature Map of Rwanda" 7840:World Resources Report 2011 7823:World Resources Report 2011 7016:International Monetary Fund 4548:International Monetary Fund 4512:Central Intelligence Agency 3965: 3874:The Gahanga Cricket Stadium 3727:, under licence, including 3238: 1688:Rwanda's relationship with 1563:proportional representation 1476:Foreign relations of Rwanda 1454:In 2009, Rwanda joined the 10: 18815: 17376:African Economic Community 17181:Peace and Security Council 16888:African and Malagasy Union 15428:"Rwanda Convention Bureau" 15390:(official government site) 14206:Transparency International 13618:Rwanda Development Gateway 12891:East African Business Week 12506:"Achievements (2003–2010)" 12043:East African Business Week 10984:"Rwanda: Road to Recovery" 10783:"Kagame Cup Championships" 10071:Auzias, Dominique (2007). 9120:Rwanda Development Gateway 8493:Drobac & Naughton 2014 6971:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 6360:Nile Basin Initiative 2010 4201:globalreligiousfutures.org 3802: 3602: 3598: 3545:Shake Hands with the Devil 3399: 3395: 3357: 3293: 3242: 3119: 3068: 3024:and the Congolese city of 2796: 2759: 2718: 2704: 2687:Ministry of Infrastructure 2682:public private partnership 2475: 2369: 2220: 2216: 2190:, including a new species 2038: 1998: 1940:deepest lakes in the world 1809: 1706: 1703:Decentralization in Rwanda 1700: 1632:Rwanda is a member of the 1619:Transparency International 1469: 1339:Belgium continued to rule 1300:forces invaded Rwanda and 1154: 1150: 963:country in the world. Its 29: 18764:Least developed countries 18734:Central African countries 18663: 18559: 18534: 18484: 18475: 18452: 18157: 18095: 18074: 18023: 17997: 17977: 17851: 17815: 17790:National/regional members 17789: 17518: 17509: 17451: 17420: 17399: 17351: 17314: 17301:United States ambassadors 17261: 17252: 17232: 17179: 17153: 17117:Social Affairs and Health 17112:Infrastructure and Energy 17092: 17074: 17046: 17013: 16995: 16972: 16963: 16930: 16858: 16784: 16743: 16728: 16705: 16634: 16627: 16555: 16535: 16504: 16483: 16462: 16441: 16430: 16414: 16398: 16385: 16353: 16342: 16060: 16050:Countries and territories 16016: 15972: 15915: 15857: 15848: 15796: 15787: 15696: 15687: 15645: 15636: 15540: 14625:Université Laval (2010). 14576:"Background Note: Rwanda" 14157:10.11646/zootaxa.4027.1.3 14070:"Where Swahili is Spoken" 14048:. Nairobi. Archived from 13973:"Blue Peace for the Nile" 13969:Strategic Foresight Group 13862:. Nairobi. Archived from 13813:10.1007/s10993-010-9170-7 13719:Rwanda Governance Board. 13537:. Nairobi. Archived from 13383:Reporters Without Borders 13014:. Nairobi. Archived from 12749:. Nairobi. Archived from 12103:Longman, Timothy (2017). 12084:Longman, Timothy (2010). 11963:Kiwuwa, David E. (2012). 11489:Government of Rwanda (II) 11187:Dorsey, Learthen (1994). 11065:. Reigate. Archived from 10409:. In Turner, B.L. (ed.). 10054:. Nairobi. Archived from 9770:Adekunle, Julius (2007). 8336:Agence France-Presse 2002 6643:Government of Rwanda (II) 6509:Best Country Reports 2007 5462:10.1080/17531050903550066 4450:Reyntjens, Filip (2011). 4398:10.7208/9780226276663-004 3906:to compete in athletics, 3904:London Summer Paralympics 3755:. In 2009 a new brewery, 3235:has not started falling. 3231:goal 6 is not yet met as 3115: 3020:, which lies adjacent to 2503:This section needs to be 2209:. The country had a 2019 1310:League of Nations mandate 1061:authoritarian governments 1037:in 1990. Habyarimana was 885: 873: 861: 851: 843: 825: 810: 780: 760: 741: 722: 708: 689: 670: 652: 638: 624: 617: 607: 593: 586: 582: 569: 556: 545:• Independence from 543: 530: 517: 504: 491: 478: 474: 467: 450: 435: 425: 421: 406: 391: 387: 366: 347: 315: 273: 242: 198: 177: 156: 147: 141: 127: 93: 41: 18651:Turks and Caicos Islands 17586:Central African Republic 17076:African Court of Justice 16873:Decolonisation of Africa 16110:Central African Republic 15456:templates for discussion 14756:Albertine Rift Programme 14097:. London. Archived from 13361:Prunier, Gérard (1995). 12672:Montague, James (2014). 12157:. No. 325. London. 11889:. Kigali. Archived from 11465:Government of Rwanda (I) 11309:Fegley, Randall (2016). 11106:Dallaire, Roméo (2005). 10936:City Population (2012). 10834:"Rank Order – Area" 10254:"Rwanda profile – Media" 9822:African Economic Outlook 9730:Mugabe & Kamasa 2014 9300:Government of Rwanda (I) 7956:Centre For Aviation 2014 5533:. Bloomsbury Academic / 5483:Matfess, Hilary (2015). 5070:Linden & Linden 1977 4618:. Cambridge Dictionary. 4386:Bowman, Warigia (2015). 3998: 3924:national basketball team 3798: 3719:. Bralirwa manufactures 2623:, which is known as the 2366:Media and communications 2244:and the currency is the 2238:multidimensional poverty 2007:Lake and volcano in the 1697:Administrative divisions 1117:multidimensional poverty 930:, Rwanda is bordered by 18511:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18151:Commonwealth of Nations 18046:Jeux de la Francophonie 17443:East African Federation 17433:United States of Africa 17171:African Investment Bank 14780:"Tour de Second Chance" 14552:"Rwanda: Global Health" 13955:Gmünder, Bruno (2007). 13598:"Akagera National Park" 12432:Melvern, Linda (2004). 11969:. Abingdon: Routledge. 11930:King, David C. (2007). 11839:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 11644:; Wells, Sarah (2008). 11261:Encyclopædia Britannica 10756:"Rwanda's magic moment" 9844:. Dakar. Archived from 9388:Briggs & Booth 2006 9327:Rwanda Governance Board 9264:Briggs & Booth 2006 9216:Briggs & Booth 2006 9204:Briggs & Booth 2006 8800:Walker & April 2004 8752:Partners In Health 2013 8387:Briggs & Booth 2006 6679:Briggs & Booth 2006 6575:Briggs & Booth 2006 6396:Briggs & Booth 2006 6004:Xinhua News Agency 2015 5879:Office of the Ombudsman 5819:Walker & March 2004 5535:Nordic Africa Institute 5022:Appiah & Gates 2010 3922:in 2009. The country's 2360:Global Innovation Index 2265:subsistence agriculture 2242:National Bank of Rwanda 2139:Rwanda's population of 2086:Volcanoes National Park 2050:Volcanoes National Park 1972:Pays des mille collines 1650:Commonwealth of Nations 1506:Rwandan Patriotic Front 1466:Politics and government 1456:Commonwealth of Nations 1445:Human Development Index 1389:Rwandan Patriotic Front 1293:Gustav Adolf von Götzen 1129:Commonwealth of Nations 1097:subsistence agriculture 1031:Rwandan Patriotic Front 956:pays des mille collines 558:• Admitted to the 243:Official languages 32:Ruanda (disambiguation) 18744:East African countries 18596:British Virgin Islands 18036:UN French Language Day 17869:Bosnia and Herzegovina 17154:Financial institutions 17145:Cross-Cutting Programs 17048:Pan-African Parliament 15388:The Republic of Rwanda 14139:Tedrow, Riley (2015). 14120:Transport World Africa 13998:Straus, Scott (2013). 13075:"Nile Basin Countries" 12611:"Administrative Units" 12482:"Livestock production" 12412:(IGCP). Archived from 11650:. Human Rights Watch. 11587:Hodd, Michael (1994). 10540:African Studies Review 8974:5 January 2023 at the 6461:Mehta & Katee 2005 5909:. Human Rights Watch. 5489:African Studies Review 4127: 3940:African Cup of Nations 3936:national football team 3875: 3821: 3773:East African Breweries 3717:Rwandan Stock Exchange 3623: 3484: 3417: 3360:Human rights in Rwanda 3331:East African Community 3318:East African Community 3274:Seventh-day Adventists 3257: 3186: 3159:gross domestic product 3142: 3106:gross enrollment ratio 3090:East African Community 3084: 3003: 2707:Demographics of Rwanda 2588: 2531: 2276: 2250:East African Community 2161:bird species in Rwanda 2136: 2057: 2011: 1971: 1821: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1752: 1742: 1728: 1718: 1646:East African Community 1610: 1575: 1492: 1437: 1384: 1336: 1267: 1259: 1230: 1145:East African Community 955: 733:$ 13.927 billion ( 681:$ 42.346 billion ( 76: 62: 48: 27:Country in East Africa 18569:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18477:Dependent territories 18354:Saint Kitts and Nevis 17746:São Tomé and Príncipe 17606:Republic of the Congo 17194:African Standby Force 17166:African Monetary Fund 16271:São Tomé and Príncipe 16130:Republic of the Congo 15301:(30 September 2004). 14677:. Tysons Corner, VA. 13315:University of Toronto 13071:Nile Basin Initiative 12966:"Featured indicators" 12154:University World News 11590:East African Handbook 11568:Voice of America News 10604:"Sparkling beverages" 10384:(27 September 2010). 10094:"Rwanda's job crunch" 9940:(20 September 2007). 8876:Université Laval 2010 8186:REMA (Chapter 2) 2009 7087:freecurrencyrates.com 6950:Nature Communications 6904:10.1093/biosci/bix014 6599:REMA (Chapter 5) 2009 5906:Rwanda Events of 2019 4923:Carney, J.J. (2013). 4342:Third World Quarterly 4312:. Routledge. p. 4132:[u.ɾɡwaː.nda] 3873: 3812: 3725:The Coca-Cola Company 3612: 3478: 3409: 3364:LGBT rights in Rwanda 3252: 3184: 3133: 3078: 3001: 2650:international airport 2586: 2529: 2274: 2258:East African shilling 2146:Akagera National Park 2134: 2060:In prehistoric times 2048: 2006: 1995:, plains and swamps. 1964:Akagera National Park 1819: 1716: 1701:Further information: 1571: 1508:(RPF) and its leader 1487: 1413:UN peacekeeping force 1378: 1331: 1225: 609:• Water (%) 374:presidential republic 49:Repubulika y'u Rwanda 18759:Landlocked countries 18229:Eswatini (Swaziland) 17843:United Arab Emirates 17161:African Central Bank 14453:on 15 September 2015 14432:on 15 September 2015 14411:on 15 September 2015 14353:United Nations (III) 14235:The New Times Rwanda 13961:Bruno Gmunder Verlag 13417:on 18 September 2012 13284:(20 November 2013). 12951:on 24 September 2015 12134:on 23 September 2015 11911:"Kigali at a glance" 11680:(21 November 2011). 11499:on 18 September 2019 11475:on 16 September 2019 11360:World Food Programme 10124:. World Bank Group. 9862:Agence France-Presse 9496:CyclingNews.com 2012 8201:City Population 2012 7083:"USD–RWF 2023 Yahoo" 6782:. 29 November 2021. 6426:7 April 2019 at the 6419:Christophe Migeon. " 5807:BBC News (VIII) 2015 5058:United Nations (III) 3960:Kagame Interclub Cup 3938:has appeared in the 3888:2012 Summer Olympics 3882:since 1984, and the 3827:association football 3410:Traditional Rwandan 3172:University of Rwanda 3141:, Northern Province 3122:Healthcare in Rwanda 3098:University of Rwanda 3081:One Laptop Per Child 2693:via shipping on the 2537:rainwater harvesting 2444:with 2,887,328, and 2332:late-2000s recession 2330:suffered during the 2192:Dystacta tigrifrutex 2173:black-headed gonolek 2084:. Vegetation in the 2070:terraced agriculture 2066:three national parks 1820:Topography of Rwanda 1480:Rwanda Defence Force 1379:Human skulls at the 1291:. In 1894, explorer 985:, followed later by 967:and largest city is 626:• 2024 estimate 573:Current constitution 227:1.94389°S 30.05944°E 63:République du Rwanda 18739:Countries in Africa 18696: / 18419:Trinidad and Tobago 18169:Antigua and Barbuda 18082:Francophone economy 16527:Plazas de soberanía 16431:African territories 16371:unclear sovereignty 16356:States with limited 15748:Chamber of Deputies 15337:on 22 December 2004 15129:World Bank (XIII). 15024:World Bank (VIII). 14673:(29 October 2008). 14526:(8 December 2014). 14329:United Nations (II) 14116:"Northern corridor" 13341:The Daily Telegraph 13321:on 22 February 2012 13223:on 8 September 2015 12924:on 20 November 2015 12596:on 21 February 2018 11917:on 28 February 2014 11893:on 19 November 2015 11574:on 11 February 2012 11469:"Official Holidays" 11243:. Washington, D.C. 10989:The Huffington Post 10448:on 17 November 2012 9776:. Westport, Conn.: 9634:BBC Sport (II) 2010 9534:, pp. 125–128. 9158:, pp. 135–136. 9094:. 27 January 2020. 8826:, pp. 236–237. 7657:. 10 October 2019. 7461:BBC News (VII) 2015 7399:10.34667/tind.46596 6962:2020NatCo..11.5978G 6750:Condé Nast Traveler 5686:, articles 100–101. 5502:10.1017/asr.2015.43 5241:BBC News (III) 2010 5231:, pp. 190–191. 5219:, pp. 135–136. 5046:United Nations (II) 5009:, pp. 276–277. 4550:. 10 October 2023. 3660:, locally known as 3656:, is very popular. 3296:Languages of Rwanda 3253:Catholic church in 3071:Education in Rwanda 2545:improved sanitation 2478:Transport in Rwanda 2109:Eulophia guineensis 2096:ecosystem in which 1812:Geography of Rwanda 1717:Provinces of Rwanda 1709:Provinces of Rwanda 1555:Chamber of Deputies 1541:, and appoints the 1523:president of Rwanda 1366:Juvénal Habyarimana 1333:Juvénal Habyarimana 1249:ruled by the Tutsi 1171:last glacial period 1027:Juvénal Habyarimana 920:African Great Lakes 461:Chamber of Deputies 223: / 18087:Senghor University 17884:Dominican Republic 17412:African Border Day 17127:Trade and Industry 17102:Peace and Security 17094:ECOSOCC Committees 17028:Deputy Chairperson 16435:non-African states 15826:Telecommunications 15594:Rwandan Revolution 15582:Colonial residents 15572:German East Africa 15430:. 18 October 2019. 15407:The World Factbook 15353:(26 August 2015). 15351:Xinhua News Agency 15206:on 25 October 2013 15108:World Bank (XII). 15003:World Bank (VII). 14919:World Bank (III). 14305:United Nations (I) 14101:on 8 December 2015 14022:Rwanda in Pictures 13879:Shyaka, Anastase. 13866:on 8 December 2015 13486:The New York Times 13282:Partners In Health 13018:on 8 December 2015 12617:on 22 October 2013 12180:insidethegames.biz 11642:Human Rights Watch 11220:on 8 December 2015 10863:The World Factbook 10844:on 9 February 2014 10838:The World Factbook 10812:The World Factbook 10634:on 6 November 2015 10360:(13 August 2012). 10147:(3 January 2006). 10058:on 8 December 2015 9864:(16 August 2002). 9798:(26 August 2011). 9607:BBC Sport (I) 2012 9556:BBC News (XI) 2014 9412:Nzabuheraheza 2005 9206:, p. 243–244. 9092:Human Rights Watch 8993:report for Rwanda" 8824:Wiredu et al. 2006 6703:The New Times 2015 6372:BBC News (II) 2006 6204:"Rwanda Districts" 6088:BBC News (VI) 2011 5932:United Nations (I) 5831:BBC News (IX) 2012 4507:The World Factbook 3918:since joining the 3916:Commonwealth Games 3912:sitting volleyball 3876: 3822: 3692:, beef, or fish. 3624: 3551:Sometimes in April 3485: 3452:, with a blend of 3418: 3375:Same-sex marriages 3258: 3245:Religion in Rwanda 3202:Partners In Health 3187: 3163:mutuelles de santé 3143: 3085: 3004: 2589: 2532: 2403:High Media Council 2390:digital television 2277: 2137: 2122:common chimpanzees 2058: 2041:Wildlife of Rwanda 2012: 1887:between the major 1822: 1719: 1623:Sub-Saharan Africa 1608:was in operation. 1576: 1559:universal suffrage 1493: 1488:Rwandan President 1472:Politics of Rwanda 1385: 1357:Rwandan Revolution 1345:UN trust territory 1337: 1289:German East Africa 1231: 1161:German East Africa 1023:1973 military coup 1019:Grégoire Kayibanda 1003:German East Africa 908:landlocked country 904:Republic of Rwanda 718:2023 estimate 666:2023 estimate 521:Rwandan Revolution 495:German East Africa 275:Ethnic groups 232:-1.94389; 30.05944 191: (light blue) 157:"Beautiful Rwanda" 43:Republic of Rwanda 18:Republic of Rwanda 18679: 18678: 18673: 18672: 18659: 18658: 18516:Coral Sea Islands 18454:Associated states 18113: 18112: 17993: 17992: 17978:Suspended members 17816:Associate members 17626:Equatorial Guinea 17469: 17468: 17347: 17346: 17271:Foreign relations 17248: 17247: 17199:Panel of the Wise 17107:Political Affairs 16977:Executive Council 16920:Secretary General 16898:Sirte Declaration 16818: 16817: 16814: 16813: 16780: 16779: 16726: 16725: 16661:South West Africa 16587: 16586: 16551: 16550: 16426: 16425: 16146:Equatorial Guinea 16003: 16002: 15968: 15967: 15892:Human trafficking 15844: 15843: 15783: 15782: 15760:Political parties 15711:Foreign relations 15683: 15682: 15611:Rwandan Civil War 15606:Bugesera invasion 15587:Ruzagayura famine 15560:Kingdom of Rwanda 15087:World Bank (XI). 15045:World Bank (IX). 14982:World Bank (VI). 14940:World Bank (IV). 14898:World Bank (II). 14866:978-1-4051-4567-1 14845:978-1-4438-1993-0 14649:(25 March 2008). 14052:on 5 October 2015 14032:978-0-8225-8570-1 14011:978-0-8014-6714-1 13932:Southern Province 13488:. New York, N.Y. 13385:(14 April 2010). 13374:978-1-85065-243-4 12998:978-1-920689-40-7 12753:on 5 October 2015 12683:978-1-4081-5884-5 12445:978-1-85984-588-2 12328:978-1-84859-912-3 12240:978-0-691-10280-1 12182:. Milton Keynes. 12076:978-0719-00-671-5 11976:978-0-415-61608-9 11943:978-0-7614-2333-1 11846:978-0-444-51678-7 11657:978-1-56432-366-8 11633:978-1-138-83960-1 11600:978-0-8442-8983-0 11444:978-0-330-37120-9 11198:978-0-8108-2820-9 11149:. New York, N.Y. 11141:"What Is Coltan?" 11119:978-0-09-947893-5 11112:. London: Arrow. 11062:Brewer's Guardian 10992:. New York, N.Y. 10916:978-1-890951-34-4 10869:on 2 January 2018 10671:978-1-84162-180-7 10420:978-0-521-36357-0 10098:The Africa Report 10084:978-2-7469-2037-8 9999:978-0-19-533770-9 9848:on 3 October 2015 9832:978-92-64-02243-0 9787:978-0-313-33177-0 9522:, pp. 86–90. 9484:Kezio-Musoke 2014 9390:, pp. 54–55. 9290:, pp. 55–56. 9194:, pp. 68–70. 9046:"Gay Rwanda 2008" 8657:World Bank (VIII) 8302:, pp. 11–12. 8266:, pp. 46–47. 7864:World Bank (XIII) 7714:, pp. 25–26. 7408:978-92-805-3432-0 7182:. 24 March 2023. 6260:Southern Province 6233:BBC News (I) 2006 6052:BBC News (X) 2012 5544:978-1-78360-248-3 5316:BBC News (V) 2010 5165:, pp. 74–76. 5084:, pp. 58–59. 5036:, pp. 56–57. 4877:, pp. 13–14. 4809:, pp. 88–89. 4785:, pp. 10–11. 4592:. 13 March 2024. 4510:(2024 ed.). 4407:978-0-226-27666-3 4348:(10): 1911–1930. 4323:978-0-203-34682-2 4245:978-0-300-23591-3 3993:Outline of Rwanda 3864:Rising from Ashes 3843:Paralympic sports 3814:Adrien Niyonshuti 3605:Cuisine of Rwanda 3580:community service 3565:national holidays 3563:Fourteen regular 3402:Culture of Rwanda 2981: 2980: 2625:Northern Corridor 2577:diesel generators 2524: 2523: 2464:In October 2019, 2459:wireless internet 2348:mountain gorillas 2223:Economy of Rwanda 2169:handsome spurfowl 2126:Ruwenzori colobus 2054:mountain gorillas 2019:tropical highland 2009:Virunga Mountains 1977:East African Rift 1868:to the east, and 1784:Southern Province 1780:Northern Province 1772:), and villages ( 1679:Second Congo Wars 1662:Second Congo Wars 1539:every seven years 1533:, commanding the 1531:Cabinet of Rwanda 1429:Second Congo Wars 1393:Rwandan Civil War 1383:Genocide Memorial 1281:Berlin Conference 1247:Kingdom of Rwanda 1243:Kingdom of Rwanda 1179:long humid period 1157:History of Rwanda 1111:that it exports. 1033:(RPF) launched a 995:Kingdom of Rwanda 912:Great Rift Valley 902:, officially the 897: 896: 774:medium inequality 743:• Per capita 691:• Per capita 565:18 September 1962 534:Republic declared 482:Kingdom of Rwanda 169: 77:Jamhuri ya Rwanda 16:(Redirected from 18806: 18711: 18710: 18708: 18707: 18706: 18701: 18697: 18694: 18693: 18692: 18689: 18636:Pitcairn Islands 18606:Falkland Islands 18506:Christmas Island 18482: 18481: 18344:Papua New Guinea 18159:Sovereign states 18140: 18133: 18126: 18117: 18116: 18103: 18102: 17516: 17515: 17496: 17489: 17482: 17473: 17472: 17459: 17458: 17371:Development Bank 17259: 17258: 17141:Women and Gender 17137:Economic Affairs 17066:Gallagher Estate 16970: 16969: 16878:Casablanca Group 16845: 16838: 16831: 16822: 16821: 16807: 16789: 16788: 16750: 16749: 16736: 16685:Kapitaï and Koba 16679: 16632: 16631: 16614: 16607: 16600: 16591: 16590: 16575: 16563: 16562: 16439: 16438: 16396: 16395: 16348: 16142:(partly in Asia) 16062:Sovereign states 16043: 16036: 16029: 16020: 16019: 16011:Related articles 16007: 16006: 15988: 15981: 15855: 15854: 15809: 15794: 15793: 15755:Decentralization 15694: 15693: 15643: 15642: 15628:Second Congo War 15616:Rwandan genocide 15599:Coup of Gitarama 15523: 15516: 15509: 15500: 15499: 15473: 15472: 15431: 15370: 15368: 15366: 15346: 15344: 15342: 15333:. Archived from 15322: 15320: 15318: 15294: 15292: 15290: 15285:on 24 March 2012 15284: 15278:. Archived from 15277: 15267: 15265: 15263: 15254:. Archived from 15239: 15237: 15235: 15215: 15213: 15211: 15202:. Archived from 15178: 15176: 15174: 15168: 15162:. Archived from 15161: 15146: 15144: 15142: 15125: 15123: 15121: 15104: 15102: 15100: 15083: 15081: 15079: 15066:World Bank (X). 15062: 15060: 15058: 15041: 15039: 15037: 15020: 15018: 15016: 14999: 14997: 14995: 14978: 14976: 14974: 14961:World Bank (V). 14957: 14955: 14953: 14936: 14934: 14932: 14915: 14913: 14911: 14894: 14892: 14890: 14881:. Archived from 14870: 14849: 14828: 14799: 14797: 14795: 14786:. Archived from 14774: 14772: 14770: 14764: 14753: 14740: 14738: 14736: 14715: 14713: 14711: 14690: 14688: 14686: 14666: 14664: 14662: 14653:. Archived from 14642: 14640: 14638: 14621: 14619: 14617: 14611: 14604: 14595: 14593: 14591: 14580:Background Notes 14567: 14565: 14563: 14543: 14541: 14539: 14530:. 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Archived from 13927: 13925: 13923: 13902: 13900: 13898: 13892: 13885: 13875: 13873: 13871: 13860:The East African 13850: 13848: 13846: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13815: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13780: 13773: 13763: 13761: 13759: 13753: 13746: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13715: 13709: 13701: 13699: 13697: 13676: 13670: 13662: 13660: 13658: 13637: 13635: 13633: 13628:on 14 March 2012 13624:. Archived from 13613: 13611: 13609: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13583:on 13 April 2012 13579:. Archived from 13577:"National Parks" 13571: 13569: 13567: 13558:. Archived from 13550: 13548: 13546: 13541:on 14 April 2015 13525: 13523: 13521: 13501: 13499: 13497: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13426: 13424: 13422: 13402: 13400: 13398: 13378: 13357: 13355: 13353: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13317:. Archived from 13301: 13299: 13297: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13253: 13251: 13249: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13222: 13216:. Archived from 13211: 13198: 13196: 13194: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13152: 13150: 13148: 13115: 13113: 13111: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13057:on 20 March 2014 13056: 13050:. Archived from 13037: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13002: 12981: 12979: 12977: 12960: 12958: 12956: 12950: 12944:. Archived from 12943: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12923: 12917:. Archived from 12916: 12906: 12904: 12902: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12831: 12812: 12810: 12808: 12787: 12785: 12783: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12747:The East African 12737: 12735: 12733: 12712: 12710: 12708: 12687: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12647: 12645: 12643: 12638:on 29 March 2013 12634:. Archived from 12626: 12624: 12622: 12613:. Archived from 12605: 12603: 12601: 12592:. Archived from 12584: 12582: 12580: 12574: 12568:. Archived from 12567: 12554: 12552: 12550: 12544: 12537: 12527: 12525: 12523: 12518:on 11 March 2012 12517: 12511:. Archived from 12510: 12504:(13 July 2010). 12497: 12495: 12493: 12488:on 23 March 2012 12484:. Archived from 12476: 12474: 12472: 12449: 12428: 12426: 12424: 12418: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12393: 12372: 12370: 12368: 12347: 12345: 12343: 12337: 12316: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12256: 12254: 12252: 12225:Mamdani, Mahmood 12220: 12218: 12216: 12195: 12193: 12191: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12130:. Archived from 12126:. Johannesburg: 12118: 12099: 12080: 12059: 12057: 12055: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12007: 12005: 12003: 11998:on 30 April 2015 11980: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11913:. Archived from 11902: 11900: 11898: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11867: 11861:. Archived from 11860: 11850: 11829: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11783:(4 March 2015). 11776: 11774: 11772: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11738: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11673: 11671: 11669: 11637: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11583: 11581: 11579: 11570:. Archived from 11558: 11556: 11554: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11495:. Archived from 11484: 11482: 11480: 11471:. Archived from 11460: 11458: 11456: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11390:. Archived from 11379: 11377: 11375: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11324: 11320:978-1-49851944-1 11305: 11303: 11301: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11256: 11254: 11252: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11202: 11183: 11181: 11179: 11174:on 14 April 2015 11170:. Archived from 11162: 11160: 11158: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11085:(27 July 2012). 11078: 11076: 11074: 11069:on 5 August 2019 11051: 11049: 11047: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11017:on 25 March 2009 11013:. Archived from 11005: 11003: 11001: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10953: 10951: 10949: 10938:"Rwanda: Cities" 10932: 10930: 10928: 10899: 10897: 10895: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10865:. Archived from 10853: 10851: 10849: 10840:. Archived from 10828: 10826: 10824: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10675: 10654: 10653:. New York, N.Y. 10643: 10641: 10639: 10630:. Archived from 10619: 10617: 10615: 10606:. Archived from 10595: 10593: 10591: 10582:. Archived from 10571: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10401: 10399: 10397: 10377: 10375: 10373: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10130: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10088: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10015: 10013: 10011: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9836: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9791: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9721: 9715: 9709: 9703: 9697: 9691: 9685: 9679: 9673: 9667: 9661: 9655: 9649: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9610: 9604: 9595: 9589: 9583: 9577: 9571: 9568:Hoye et al. 2015 9565: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9358: 9347: 9341: 9330: 9324: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9249: 9243: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9189: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9052:on 17 July 2012. 9042: 9033: 9030: 9021: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8985: 8979: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8853: 8846: 8838: 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8749: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8719: 8713: 8710:USAID (III) 2015 8707: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8666: 8660: 8654: 8648: 8645:World Bank (VII) 8642: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8571: 8565: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8447:World Bank (III) 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8204: 8198: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8147:Streissguth 2007 8144: 8138: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8108: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8016: 8010: 8004: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7800:. 1 April 2019. 7790: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7773: 7762: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7686: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7563: 7557: 7551: 7545: 7536: 7530: 7524: 7518: 7512: 7506: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7445: 7444: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7282: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7089:. Archived from 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7058: 7050: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6991: 6973: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6924: 6906: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6823: 6822: 6821:– via NPR. 6820: 6818: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6752:. 26 June 2019. 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6623: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6560:Bucyensenge 2014 6557: 6551: 6545: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6437: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6302: 6293: 6287: 6278: 6272: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6208:www.statoids.com 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6091: 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4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4849: 4843: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4582: 4576: 4573:World Bank (XII) 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4536: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4431: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4383: 4374: 4373: 4337: 4328: 4327: 4305: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4280:The Conversation 4271: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4226: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4179: 4160: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4134: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4073: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4017: 4009: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3884:Paralympic Games 3589: 3585: 3126:Health in Rwanda 2984:As of 2015, the 2811: 2801: 2774: 2764: 2728: 2716: 2715: 2530:Rural water pump 2519: 2516: 2510: 2498: 2497: 2490: 2482:Energy in Rwanda 2466:Mara Corporation 2344:mountain gorilla 2188:praying mantises 2118:mountain gorilla 1974: 1792:Western Province 1788:Eastern Province 1777: 1771: 1765: 1755: 1745: 1731: 1613: 1549:consists of two 1442: 1419:, in particular 1405:Rwandan genocide 1349:Second World War 1304:in 1916, during 1270: 1264: 1255:Kigeli Rwabugiri 1183:hunter-gatherers 1173:, either in the 1043:Rwandan genocide 975:Hunter-gatherers 924:Southeast Africa 834: 801: 800: 794: 793: 787: 776: 775: 767: 751: 750: 732: 731: 715: 699: 698: 680: 679: 663: 630:13,623,302 ( 463: 416:Édouard Ngirente 238: 237: 235: 234: 233: 228: 224: 221: 220: 219: 216: 201:and largest city 182: 171: 170: 158: 152: 151: 115: 101: 88: 87: 79: 73: 65: 59: 51: 39: 38: 21: 18814: 18813: 18809: 18808: 18807: 18805: 18804: 18803: 18714: 18713: 18704: 18702: 18698: 18695: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18683: 18682: 18680: 18675: 18674: 18669: 18655: 18555: 18545:Ross Dependency 18530: 18471: 18448: 18389:Solomon Islands 18161: 18153: 18144: 18114: 18109: 18091: 18070: 18031:French language 18019: 17989: 17973: 17847: 17811: 17785: 17681:North Macedonia 17505: 17500: 17470: 17465: 17447: 17416: 17395: 17343: 17310: 17244: 17228: 17175: 17149: 17088: 17070: 17042: 17009: 16991: 16959: 16926: 16854: 16849: 16819: 16810: 16801: 16776: 16739: 16722: 16701: 16675: 16649:Kionga Triangle 16623: 16618: 16588: 16583: 16547: 16531: 16500: 16479: 16475:Pelagie Islands 16458: 16434: 16432: 16422: 16410: 16392: 16389: 16381: 16360: 16357: 16349: 16340: 16056: 16047: 16012: 16004: 15999: 15991: 15984: 15977: 15964: 15955:Public holidays 15911: 15877:Gender equality 15840: 15807: 15779: 15728:Law enforcement 15679: 15632: 15536: 15527: 15470: 15459: 15426: 15378: 15373: 15364: 15362: 15340: 15338: 15316: 15314: 15288: 15286: 15282: 15275: 15261: 15259: 15258:on 2 April 2012 15233: 15231: 15209: 15207: 15194:(11): 817–908. 15172: 15170: 15169:on 4 March 2016 15166: 15159: 15140: 15138: 15119: 15117: 15098: 15096: 15077: 15075: 15056: 15054: 15035: 15033: 15014: 15012: 14993: 14991: 14972: 14970: 14951: 14949: 14930: 14928: 14909: 14907: 14888: 14886: 14885:on 3 April 2012 14867: 14846: 14793: 14791: 14790:on 8 April 2015 14768: 14766: 14762: 14751: 14734: 14732: 14709: 14707: 14684: 14682: 14660: 14658: 14657:on 2 April 2014 14636: 14634: 14615: 14613: 14612:on 7 March 2017 14609: 14602: 14589: 14587: 14561: 14559: 14537: 14535: 14534:on 4 March 2016 14513: 14511: 14507: 14500: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14470: 14456: 14454: 14435: 14433: 14414: 14412: 14393: 14391: 14390:on 1 April 2012 14387: 14380: 14366: 14364: 14342: 14340: 14318: 14316: 14294: 14292: 14269: 14267: 14244: 14242: 14219: 14217: 14195: 14193: 14174: 14172: 14129: 14127: 14104: 14102: 14079: 14077: 14055: 14053: 14033: 14012: 13988: 13986: 13982: 13975: 13945: 13943: 13942:on 4 March 2012 13921: 13919: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13883: 13869: 13867: 13844: 13842: 13823: 13821: 13800:Language Policy 13784: 13782: 13778: 13771: 13757: 13755: 13751: 13744: 13730: 13728: 13703: 13702: 13695: 13693: 13664: 13663: 13656: 13654: 13631: 13629: 13607: 13605: 13586: 13584: 13565: 13563: 13544: 13542: 13535:The EastAfrican 13519: 13517: 13495: 13493: 13471: 13469: 13461:Financial Times 13444: 13442: 13435:The Independent 13420: 13418: 13396: 13394: 13375: 13351: 13349: 13324: 13322: 13295: 13293: 13292:on 13 June 2017 13271: 13269: 13260:(4 June 2003). 13247: 13245: 13226: 13224: 13220: 13209: 13192: 13190: 13167: 13165: 13146: 13144: 13109: 13107: 13084: 13082: 13060: 13058: 13054: 13035: 13021: 13019: 13012:The EastAfrican 12999: 12975: 12973: 12954: 12952: 12948: 12941: 12927: 12925: 12921: 12914: 12900: 12898: 12875: 12873: 12850: 12848: 12828: 12818:Atlas of Rwanda 12806: 12804: 12781: 12779: 12756: 12754: 12731: 12729: 12706: 12704: 12684: 12662: 12660: 12641: 12639: 12620: 12618: 12599: 12597: 12578: 12576: 12575:on 4 March 2016 12572: 12565: 12548: 12546: 12542: 12535: 12521: 12519: 12515: 12508: 12491: 12489: 12470: 12468: 12460:The Independent 12446: 12422: 12420: 12419:on 4 March 2014 12416: 12405: 12391: 12389: 12366: 12364: 12341: 12339: 12335: 12329: 12314: 12300: 12298: 12275: 12273: 12250: 12248: 12241: 12214: 12212: 12189: 12187: 12164: 12162: 12137: 12135: 12115: 12096: 12077: 12053: 12051: 12026: 12024: 12001: 11999: 11977: 11953: 11951: 11944: 11920: 11918: 11896: 11894: 11871: 11869: 11868:on 4 March 2016 11865: 11858: 11847: 11818:10.2307/1166503 11794: 11792: 11770: 11768: 11742: 11740: 11736: 11729: 11715: 11713: 11691: 11689: 11667: 11665: 11658: 11634: 11610: 11608: 11601: 11577: 11575: 11552: 11550: 11527: 11525: 11502: 11500: 11478: 11476: 11454: 11452: 11445: 11421: 11419: 11397: 11395: 11394:on 1 April 2014 11373: 11371: 11345: 11343: 11321: 11299: 11297: 11274: 11272: 11250: 11248: 11223: 11221: 11199: 11177: 11175: 11156: 11154: 11129: 11127: 11120: 11096: 11094: 11083:CyclingNews.com 11072: 11070: 11045: 11043: 11020: 11018: 10999: 10997: 10972: 10970: 10947: 10945: 10926: 10924: 10917: 10893: 10891: 10872: 10870: 10847: 10845: 10822: 10820: 10792: 10790: 10771: 10769: 10744: 10742: 10719: 10717: 10694: 10692: 10672: 10637: 10635: 10613: 10611: 10589: 10587: 10528: 10526: 10501: 10499: 10476: 10474: 10451: 10449: 10430: 10428: 10421: 10395: 10393: 10371: 10369: 10347: 10345: 10326: 10324: 10305: 10303: 10284: 10282: 10263: 10261: 10242: 10240: 10221: 10219: 10200: 10198: 10179: 10177: 10158: 10156: 10134: 10132: 10128: 10121: 10107: 10105: 10085: 10061: 10059: 10051:The EastAfrican 10034: 10032: 10009: 10007: 10000: 9976: 9974: 9951: 9949: 9927: 9925: 9902: 9900: 9875: 9873: 9851: 9849: 9833: 9809: 9807: 9788: 9778:Greenwood Press 9765: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9716: 9712: 9704: 9700: 9692: 9688: 9680: 9676: 9668: 9664: 9656: 9652: 9644: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9620: 9613: 9605: 9598: 9590: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9566: 9562: 9554: 9550: 9542: 9538: 9530: 9526: 9518: 9514: 9506: 9502: 9494: 9490: 9482: 9478: 9470: 9466: 9458: 9454: 9446: 9442: 9434: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9406: 9398: 9394: 9386: 9379: 9371: 9367: 9359: 9350: 9342: 9333: 9325: 9318: 9310: 9306: 9298: 9294: 9286: 9282: 9274: 9270: 9262: 9258: 9250: 9246: 9238: 9234: 9226: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9202: 9198: 9190: 9186: 9178: 9174: 9166: 9162: 9154: 9150: 9142: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9118: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9073: 9069: 9061: 9057: 9044: 9043: 9036: 9031: 9024: 9020:, p. 1216. 9016: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8976:Wayback Machine 8967: 8963: 8955: 8951: 8943: 8939: 8931: 8924: 8914: 8912: 8907:. 28 May 2019. 8899: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8830: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8806: 8798: 8794: 8786: 8782: 8776:UNDP (III) 2015 8774: 8770: 8762: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8734: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8708: 8699: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8669:World Bank (IX) 8667: 8663: 8655: 8651: 8643: 8639: 8629: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8605: 8601: 8595:USAID (II) 2014 8593: 8589: 8581: 8574: 8566: 8559: 8553:World Bank (VI) 8551: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8527: 8523: 8515: 8511: 8505:World Bank (IV) 8503: 8499: 8491: 8487: 8477: 8475: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8435:Rutayisire 2013 8433: 8429: 8421: 8417: 8409: 8405: 8397: 8393: 8385: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8288:Jefremovas 1995 8286: 8282: 8274: 8270: 8262: 8258: 8250: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8207: 8199: 8192: 8184: 8180: 8172: 8165: 8157: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8133: 8129: 8121: 8117: 8109: 8105: 8097: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8005: 7998: 7990: 7986: 7978: 7974: 7966: 7962: 7954: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7807: 7805: 7792: 7791: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7760: 7751: 7747: 7739: 7730: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7698: 7689: 7681: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7624: 7617: 7611:World Bank (II) 7609: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7573: 7566: 7560:Majyambere 2010 7558: 7554: 7546: 7539: 7531: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7495: 7491: 7483: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7448: 7436: 7435: 7426: 7425: 7418: 7416: 7409: 7385: 7381: 7373: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7342: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7310: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7283: 7276: 7268: 7264: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7187: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7122: 7118: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7010: 7009: 7005: 6942: 6938: 6883: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6859: 6855: 6847: 6843: 6835: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6689: 6685: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6577:, pp. 3–4. 6573: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6447: 6440: 6430:" (In French), 6428:Wayback Machine 6418: 6414: 6406: 6402: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6346: 6342: 6334: 6323: 6315: 6311: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6266: 6258: 6254: 6246: 6239: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6200: 6196: 6188: 6184: 6176: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6062: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6028:Al Jazeera 2007 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5658: 5654: 5646: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5481: 5477: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5355:World Bank (XI) 5353: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5314: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5184: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5082:Gourevitch 2000 5080: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5034:Gourevitch 2000 5032: 5028: 5020: 5013: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4937: 4921: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4852: 4844: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4697: 4689: 4685: 4677: 4673: 4665: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4448: 4441: 4425: 4424: 4417: 4415: 4408: 4384: 4377: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4306: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4272: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4246: 4227: 4220: 4210: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4177: 4175: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4136: 4135: 4116: 4105: 4104: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4049: 4048: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3932:2013 tournament 3896:mountain biking 3807: 3805:Sport in Rwanda 3801: 3607: 3601: 3587: 3583: 3524:Mfuranzima Fred 3520:Benjamin Sehene 3442:National Ballet 3404: 3398: 3386:street children 3366: 3356: 3298: 3292: 3247: 3241: 3135:Butaro Hospital 3128: 3120:Main articles: 3118: 3073: 3067: 3049:colonial powers 2982: 2812: 2806: 2802: 2775: 2769: 2765: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2713: 2711:Youth in Rwanda 2705:Main articles: 2703: 2662:Kamembe Airport 2638:motorcycle taxi 2568:Rugezi wetlands 2520: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2476:Main articles: 2474: 2378: 2376:Media of Rwanda 2370:Main articles: 2368: 2353:savanna reserve 2225: 2219: 2165:Rwenzori turaco 2103:Markhamia lutea 2043: 2037: 2001: 1985:Mount Karisimbi 1904:Lake Tanganyika 1896:drainage basins 1814: 1808: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1515:electoral fraud 1502:one-party state 1482: 1470:Main articles: 1468: 1449:life expectancy 1370:a military coup 1319:New Imperialism 1167: 1155:Main articles: 1153: 1053:one-party state 829: 798: 797: 796: 785: 773: 772: 771: 765: 744: 725: 713: 692: 673: 657: 641: 627: 610: 596: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 506:• Part of 497: 493:• Part of 484: 459: 456: 441: 412: 397: 383: 362: 343: 311: 279: 269: 231: 229: 225: 222: 217: 214: 212: 210: 209: 208: 202: 194: 193: 173: 172: 164: 160: 154: 136: 134: 132: 123: 122: 121: 116: 108: 107: 102: 89: 81: 74: 67: 60: 53: 46: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18812: 18802: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18677: 18676: 18671: 18670: 18664: 18661: 18660: 18657: 18656: 18654: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18633: 18628: 18623: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18601:Cayman Islands 18598: 18593: 18588: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18565: 18563: 18561:United Kingdom 18557: 18556: 18554: 18553: 18548: 18540: 18538: 18532: 18531: 18529: 18528: 18526:Norfolk Island 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18496: 18490: 18488: 18479: 18473: 18472: 18470: 18469: 18464: 18458: 18456: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18434:United Kingdom 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18351: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18165: 18163: 18155: 18154: 18143: 18142: 18135: 18128: 18120: 18111: 18110: 18108: 18107: 18096: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18078: 18076: 18072: 18071: 18069: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18027: 18025: 18021: 18020: 18018: 18017: 18012: 18007: 18001: 17999: 17995: 17994: 17991: 17990: 17988: 17987: 17981: 17979: 17975: 17974: 17972: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17946: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17921: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17886: 17881: 17879:Czech Republic 17876: 17871: 17866: 17861: 17855: 17853: 17849: 17848: 17846: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17819: 17817: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17793: 17791: 17787: 17786: 17784: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17723: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17522: 17520: 17513: 17507: 17506: 17499: 17498: 17491: 17484: 17476: 17467: 17466: 17464: 17463: 17452: 17449: 17448: 17446: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17424: 17422: 17418: 17417: 17415: 17414: 17409: 17403: 17401: 17397: 17396: 17394: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17357: 17355: 17349: 17348: 17345: 17344: 17342: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17320: 17318: 17312: 17311: 17309: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17262: 17256: 17250: 17249: 17246: 17245: 17243: 17242: 17236: 17234: 17230: 17229: 17227: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17185: 17183: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17157: 17155: 17151: 17150: 17148: 17147: 17142: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17098: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17086: 17080: 17078: 17072: 17071: 17069: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17052: 17050: 17044: 17043: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17019: 17017: 17011: 17010: 17008: 17007: 17001: 16999: 16993: 16992: 16990: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16973: 16967: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16945:Extreme points 16942: 16936: 16934: 16928: 16927: 16925: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16917: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16883:Monrovia Group 16880: 16875: 16870: 16868:Pan-Africanism 16864: 16862: 16856: 16855: 16848: 16847: 16840: 16833: 16825: 16816: 16815: 16812: 16811: 16809: 16808: 16795: 16793: 16786: 16782: 16781: 16778: 16777: 16775: 16774: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16760:Kiautschou Bay 16756: 16754: 16747: 16741: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16723: 16721: 16720: 16715: 16709: 16707: 16703: 16702: 16700: 16699: 16698: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16663: 16658: 16657: 16656: 16651: 16640: 16638: 16629: 16625: 16624: 16617: 16616: 16609: 16602: 16594: 16585: 16584: 16582: 16581: 16569: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16549: 16548: 16546: 16545: 16539: 16537: 16533: 16532: 16530: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16512:Canary Islands 16508: 16506: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16498: 16496:Savage Islands 16493: 16487: 16485: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16477: 16472: 16466: 16464: 16460: 16459: 16457: 16456: 16451: 16445: 16443: 16436: 16428: 16427: 16424: 16423: 16418: 16416: 16415:United Kingdom 16412: 16411: 16409: 16408: 16402: 16400: 16393: 16386: 16383: 16382: 16380: 16379: 16374: 16363: 16361: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16343: 16341: 16339: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16066: 16064: 16058: 16057: 16046: 16045: 16038: 16031: 16023: 16017: 16014: 16013: 16001: 16000: 15998: 15997: 15990: 15989: 15982: 15974: 15973: 15970: 15969: 15966: 15965: 15963: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15937: 15932: 15927: 15921: 15919: 15913: 15912: 15910: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15858: 15852: 15846: 15845: 15842: 15841: 15839: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15821:Stock Exchange 15818: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15797: 15791: 15785: 15784: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15777: 15775:Prime Minister 15772: 15770:Vice President 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15745: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15724: 15723: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15697: 15691: 15685: 15684: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15665:National parks 15662: 15657: 15652: 15646: 15640: 15634: 15633: 15631: 15630: 15625: 15624: 15623: 15621:Initial events 15613: 15608: 15603: 15602: 15601: 15591: 15590: 15589: 15584: 15574: 15569: 15568: 15567: 15557: 15552: 15546: 15544: 15538: 15537: 15526: 15525: 15518: 15511: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15493:Rwanda Tourism 15483: 15482: 15467: 15441: 15432: 15424: 15418:Rwanda profile 15415: 15392: 15391: 15377: 15376:External links 15374: 15372: 15371: 15347: 15323: 15295: 15268: 15240: 15216: 15179: 15147: 15126: 15105: 15084: 15063: 15042: 15021: 15000: 14979: 14958: 14937: 14916: 14895: 14875:World Bank (I) 14871: 14865: 14850: 14844: 14829: 14811:(6): 931–952. 14800: 14784:Sport Magazine 14775: 14741: 14716: 14691: 14667: 14643: 14622: 14596: 14568: 14544: 14520: 14490: 14463: 14442: 14421: 14400: 14373: 14349: 14325: 14301: 14276: 14251: 14226: 14202: 14181: 14136: 14111: 14086: 14062: 14037: 14031: 14016: 14010: 13995: 13965: 13952: 13928: 13903: 13876: 13851: 13830: 13806:(3): 191–215. 13791: 13764: 13737: 13716: 13677: 13638: 13614: 13593: 13572: 13562:on 11 May 2012 13551: 13526: 13502: 13478: 13451: 13427: 13403: 13379: 13373: 13358: 13331: 13302: 13278: 13254: 13233: 13199: 13174: 13153: 13116: 13091: 13067: 13028: 13003: 12997: 12982: 12961: 12934: 12907: 12882: 12857: 12832: 12826: 12813: 12788: 12763: 12738: 12713: 12688: 12682: 12669: 12648: 12627: 12606: 12585: 12555: 12528: 12498: 12477: 12450: 12444: 12429: 12398: 12373: 12348: 12327: 12307: 12282: 12257: 12239: 12221: 12196: 12171: 12144: 12119: 12113: 12100: 12095:978-0521269537 12094: 12081: 12075: 12060: 12033: 12008: 11981: 11975: 11960: 11942: 11927: 11903: 11887:Inspire Rwanda 11878: 11851: 11845: 11830: 11801: 11777: 11749: 11722: 11698: 11674: 11656: 11638: 11632: 11617: 11599: 11584: 11559: 11534: 11509: 11485: 11461: 11443: 11428: 11404: 11380: 11352: 11325: 11319: 11306: 11281: 11257: 11230: 11203: 11197: 11184: 11163: 11136: 11118: 11103: 11079: 11052: 11027: 11006: 10979: 10954: 10933: 10915: 10900: 10879: 10854: 10829: 10799: 10778: 10751: 10726: 10701: 10676: 10670: 10655: 10650:Dance Magazine 10644: 10624:Bralirwa (III) 10620: 10610:on 4 July 2015 10596: 10586:on 3 July 2015 10572: 10552:10.2307/523892 10535: 10508: 10483: 10458: 10437: 10419: 10402: 10382:BBC Sport (II) 10378: 10354: 10333: 10312: 10291: 10270: 10249: 10228: 10207: 10186: 10165: 10141: 10114: 10089: 10083: 10068: 10041: 10016: 9998: 9983: 9958: 9934: 9909: 9882: 9858: 9837: 9831: 9816: 9792: 9786: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9746: 9734: 9722: 9710: 9698: 9686: 9674: 9662: 9650: 9638: 9626: 9611: 9596: 9584: 9572: 9570:, p. 206. 9560: 9548: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9500: 9488: 9476: 9464: 9452: 9448:Bralirwa (III) 9440: 9428: 9416: 9404: 9392: 9377: 9365: 9348: 9331: 9316: 9304: 9292: 9280: 9268: 9256: 9254:, p. 105. 9244: 9232: 9220: 9208: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9170:, p. 139. 9160: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9109: 9079: 9067: 9055: 9034: 9022: 9010: 8980: 8961: 8949: 8937: 8922: 8892: 8880: 8865: 8828: 8816: 8804: 8792: 8788:UNDP (IV) 2015 8780: 8768: 8764:UNDP (II) 2015 8756: 8744: 8714: 8697: 8685: 8673: 8661: 8649: 8637: 8611: 8599: 8587: 8583:Rosenberg 2012 8572: 8557: 8545: 8541:World Bank (V) 8533: 8521: 8509: 8497: 8485: 8463: 8459:World Bank (I) 8451: 8439: 8427: 8423:MacGregor 2014 8415: 8403: 8391: 8379: 8377:, p. 931. 8367: 8365:, p. 935. 8352: 8340: 8328: 8316: 8304: 8292: 8280: 8268: 8256: 8244: 8232: 8220: 8205: 8190: 8178: 8163: 8151: 8139: 8137:, p. 215. 8127: 8115: 8111:CIA (III) 2011 8103: 8091: 8079: 8052: 8037: 8011: 7996: 7984: 7972: 7968:Tumwebaze 2015 7960: 7945: 7933: 7921: 7904: 7892: 7890:, p. 439. 7880: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7827: 7815: 7785: 7756:(April 2024). 7754:Rwanda, UNICEF 7745: 7741:USAID (I) 2008 7728: 7726:, p. 533. 7716: 7712:MINECOFIN 2002 7704: 7687: 7672: 7642: 7630: 7615: 7603: 7591: 7579: 7564: 7552: 7537: 7525: 7521:Southwood 2013 7513: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7465: 7446: 7437:|website= 7407: 7379: 7367: 7355: 7340: 7328: 7316: 7301: 7289: 7274: 7262: 7247: 7235: 7231:Tumwebaze 2016 7223: 7197: 7171: 7159: 7140: 7136:FAO / WFP 1997 7128: 7116: 7104: 7093:on 17 May 2024 7074: 7045: 7033: 7003: 6936: 6897:(6): 534–545. 6877: 6865: 6853: 6841: 6824: 6797: 6767: 6737: 6707: 6695: 6683: 6681:, p. 140. 6671: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6603: 6591: 6579: 6564: 6552: 6537: 6525: 6513: 6501: 6489: 6477: 6465: 6453: 6438: 6412: 6410:, p. 522. 6400: 6398:, p. 153. 6388: 6384:Jørgensen 2005 6376: 6364: 6352: 6340: 6321: 6309: 6294: 6279: 6264: 6252: 6237: 6225: 6194: 6182: 6170: 6158: 6131: 6104: 6092: 6080: 6068: 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 6016:USA Today 2008 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5948: 5936: 5924: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5869:, article 182. 5859: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5785:, article 143. 5772: 5760: 5748: 5746:, article 148. 5736: 5734:, article 140. 5724: 5712: 5700: 5698:, article 116. 5688: 5676: 5674:, article 112. 5664: 5662:, article 189. 5652: 5650:, article 110. 5637: 5635:, article 117. 5625: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5585:Panapress 2003 5577: 5565: 5543: 5516: 5495:(2): 181–204. 5475: 5440: 5395: 5383: 5371: 5359: 5344: 5340:World Bank (X) 5332: 5320: 5305: 5303:, p. 312. 5293: 5291:, p. 364. 5281: 5279:, p. 299. 5269: 5267:, p. 386. 5257: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5209: 5197: 5182: 5167: 5155: 5143: 5110: 5098: 5086: 5074: 5072:, p. 267. 5062: 5050: 5038: 5026: 5024:, p. 450. 5011: 4999: 4997:, p. 270. 4987: 4985:, p. 260. 4975: 4966: 4954: 4935: 4915: 4903: 4901:, p. 217. 4891: 4879: 4867: 4850: 4848:, p. 160. 4835: 4833:, p. 482. 4823: 4821:, p. 141. 4811: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4739: 4724: 4712: 4695: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4633: 4607: 4577: 4565: 4524: 4493: 4439: 4406: 4375: 4329: 4322: 4297: 4263: 4244: 4230:Thomson, Susan 4218: 4188: 4168:United Nations 4154: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3967: 3964: 3803:Main article: 3800: 3797: 3723:products from 3642:sweet potatoes 3603:Main article: 3600: 3597: 3582:lasting from 8 3570:Liberation Day 3479:Rwandan woven 3400:Main article: 3397: 3394: 3390:Gikondo prison 3355: 3352: 3294:Main article: 3291: 3288: 3243:Main article: 3240: 3237: 3233:HIV prevalence 3117: 3114: 3069:Main article: 3066: 3063: 3053:World Factbook 3008:Gérard Prunier 3002:Rural children 2992:World Factbook 2979: 2978: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2702: 2699: 2597:European Union 2522: 2521: 2502: 2500: 2493: 2473: 2472:Infrastructure 2470: 2418:Liquid Telecom 2367: 2364: 2328:service sector 2293:sweet potatoes 2254:monetary union 2221:Main article: 2218: 2215: 2159:There are 670 2062:montane forest 2039:Main article: 2036: 2033: 2028:Global warming 2000: 1997: 1936:Albertine Rift 1864:to the north, 1810:Main article: 1807: 1804: 1707:Main article: 1698: 1695: 1634:United Nations 1543:prime minister 1467: 1464: 1460:British Empire 1397:Arusha Accords 1368:took power in 1152: 1149: 1133:British Empire 1125:United Nations 1107:are the major 1005:, followed by 895: 894: 889: 883: 882: 877: 871: 870: 865: 859: 858: 855: 849: 848: 845: 841: 840: 827: 823: 822: 812: 808: 807: 788: 778: 777: 768: 758: 757: 745: 742: 739: 738: 726: 723: 720: 719: 716: 706: 705: 693: 690: 687: 686: 674: 671: 668: 667: 664: 650: 649: 642: 640:• Density 639: 636: 635: 628: 625: 622: 621: 615: 614: 611: 608: 605: 604: 597: 594: 591: 590: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 570: 567: 566: 563: 557: 554: 553: 550: 544: 541: 540: 537: 531: 528: 527: 524: 518: 515: 514: 511: 505: 502: 501: 498: 492: 489: 488: 485: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 465: 464: 457: 451: 448: 447: 442: 436: 433: 432: 427: 423: 422: 419: 418: 413: 410:Prime Minister 407: 404: 403: 398: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 370: 364: 363: 361: 360: 357: 353: 351: 345: 344: 342: 341: 338: 332: 326: 319: 317: 313: 312: 310: 309: 308: 307: 301: 295: 282: 280: 277: 271: 270: 268: 267: 262: 257: 252: 246: 244: 240: 239: 203: 200: 196: 195: 184: 183: 175: 174: 162: 161: 139: 138: 125: 124: 117: 110: 109: 103: 96: 95: 94: 91: 90: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18811: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18721: 18719: 18712: 18709: 18668: 18662: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18629: 18627: 18624: 18622: 18619: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18587: 18586: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18564: 18562: 18558: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18546: 18542: 18541: 18539: 18537: 18533: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18501: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18491: 18489: 18487: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18474: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18457: 18455: 18451: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18205: 18202: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18160: 18156: 18152: 18148: 18141: 18136: 18134: 18129: 18127: 18122: 18121: 18118: 18106: 18098: 18097: 18094: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18079: 18077: 18073: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18028: 18026: 18022: 18016: 18013: 18011: 18008: 18006: 18003: 18002: 18000: 17996: 17986: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17976: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17856: 17854: 17850: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17820: 17818: 17814: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17802:New Brunswick 17800: 17798: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17788: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17722: 17719: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17651:Guinea-Bissau 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17508: 17504: 17497: 17492: 17490: 17485: 17483: 17478: 17477: 17474: 17462: 17454: 17453: 17450: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17425: 17423: 17419: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17404: 17402: 17398: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17366: 17365:Gold standard 17362: 17359: 17358: 17356: 17354: 17350: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17321: 17319: 17317: 17313: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17296: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17263: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17251: 17241: 17238: 17237: 17235: 17231: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17186: 17184: 17182: 17178: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17158: 17156: 17152: 17146: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17099: 17097: 17095: 17091: 17085: 17082: 17081: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17053: 17051: 17049: 17045: 17039: 17038:2025 election 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17016: 17012: 17006: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16998: 16994: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16962: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16950:Member states 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16937: 16935: 16933: 16929: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16911: 16910: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16865: 16863: 16861: 16857: 16853: 16852:African Union 16846: 16841: 16839: 16834: 16832: 16827: 16826: 16823: 16805: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16794: 16790: 16787: 16783: 16773: 16770: 16766: 16763: 16762: 16761: 16758: 16757: 16755: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16742: 16735: 16731: 16730: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16710: 16708: 16704: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16678: 16674: 16673: 16672: 16669: 16668: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16646: 16645: 16642: 16641: 16639: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16626: 16622: 16615: 16610: 16608: 16603: 16601: 16596: 16595: 16592: 16580: 16579: 16578:Africa portal 16574: 16570: 16568: 16567: 16558: 16557: 16554: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16534: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16509: 16507: 16503: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16488: 16486: 16482: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16467: 16465: 16461: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16446: 16444: 16440: 16437: 16433:fully part of 16429: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16397: 16394: 16391: 16384: 16378: 16375: 16372: 16368: 16365: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16352: 16347: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16186:Guinea-Bissau 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16067: 16065: 16063: 16059: 16055: 16051: 16044: 16039: 16037: 16032: 16030: 16025: 16024: 16021: 16015: 16008: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15987: 15983: 15980: 15976: 15975: 15971: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15922: 15920: 15918: 15914: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15872:Ethnic groups 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15847: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15810: 15804: 15803: 15802: 15801:National Bank 15799: 15798: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15786: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15740: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15722: 15719: 15718: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15647: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15635: 15629: 15626: 15622: 15619: 15618: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15600: 15597: 15596: 15595: 15592: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15579: 15578: 15577:Ruanda-Urundi 15575: 15573: 15570: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15543: 15539: 15535: 15531: 15524: 15519: 15517: 15512: 15510: 15505: 15504: 15501: 15494: 15491: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15481: 15480:OpenStreetMap 15477: 15468: 15466: 15462: 15457: 15453: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15440: 15436: 15433: 15429: 15425: 15423: 15419: 15416: 15413: 15409: 15408: 15403: 15400: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15384: 15382: 15360: 15356: 15352: 15348: 15336: 15332: 15328: 15324: 15312: 15308: 15304: 15300: 15296: 15281: 15274: 15269: 15257: 15253: 15249: 15245: 15241: 15229: 15225: 15221: 15217: 15205: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15189: 15185: 15180: 15165: 15158: 15157: 15152: 15148: 15136: 15132: 15127: 15115: 15111: 15106: 15094: 15090: 15085: 15073: 15069: 15064: 15052: 15048: 15043: 15031: 15027: 15022: 15010: 15006: 15001: 14989: 14985: 14980: 14968: 14964: 14959: 14947: 14943: 14938: 14926: 14922: 14917: 14905: 14901: 14896: 14884: 14880: 14876: 14872: 14868: 14862: 14858: 14857: 14851: 14847: 14841: 14837: 14836: 14830: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14810: 14806: 14801: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14776: 14761: 14757: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14730: 14726: 14722: 14717: 14705: 14701: 14697: 14692: 14680: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14644: 14632: 14629:(in French). 14628: 14623: 14608: 14601: 14597: 14585: 14581: 14577: 14573: 14569: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14506: 14499: 14495: 14491: 14476: 14469: 14464: 14452: 14448: 14443: 14431: 14427: 14422: 14410: 14406: 14401: 14386: 14379: 14374: 14362: 14358: 14354: 14350: 14338: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14314: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14290: 14286: 14285:The New Times 14282: 14277: 14265: 14261: 14260:The New Times 14257: 14252: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14227: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14191: 14187: 14182: 14170: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14154: 14151:(1): 67–100. 14150: 14146: 14142: 14137: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14112: 14100: 14096: 14092: 14087: 14075: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14051: 14047: 14043: 14038: 14034: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14017: 14013: 14007: 14003: 14002: 13996: 13981: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13958: 13953: 13941: 13937: 13933: 13929: 13917: 13913: 13909: 13904: 13889: 13882: 13877: 13865: 13861: 13857: 13852: 13840: 13836: 13831: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13805: 13801: 13797: 13792: 13777: 13770: 13765: 13750: 13743: 13738: 13726: 13722: 13717: 13713: 13707: 13691: 13687: 13683: 13678: 13674: 13668: 13652: 13648: 13644: 13639: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13603: 13599: 13594: 13582: 13578: 13573: 13561: 13557: 13552: 13540: 13536: 13532: 13527: 13515: 13511: 13507: 13503: 13491: 13487: 13484: 13479: 13467: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13440: 13436: 13433: 13428: 13416: 13412: 13408: 13404: 13392: 13388: 13384: 13380: 13376: 13370: 13366: 13365: 13359: 13347: 13343: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13303: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13243: 13239: 13234: 13219: 13215: 13208: 13204: 13200: 13188: 13184: 13183:The New Times 13180: 13175: 13163: 13159: 13154: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13117: 13105: 13101: 13100:The New Times 13097: 13092: 13080: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13034: 13029: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13004: 13000: 12994: 12990: 12989: 12983: 12971: 12967: 12962: 12947: 12940: 12935: 12920: 12913: 12908: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12883: 12871: 12867: 12866:The New Times 12863: 12858: 12846: 12842: 12841:The New Times 12838: 12833: 12829: 12827:0-333-95451-3 12823: 12819: 12814: 12802: 12798: 12797:The New Times 12794: 12789: 12777: 12773: 12772:The New Times 12769: 12764: 12752: 12748: 12744: 12739: 12727: 12723: 12722:The New Times 12719: 12714: 12702: 12698: 12697:The New Times 12694: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12675: 12670: 12658: 12654: 12649: 12637: 12633: 12628: 12616: 12612: 12607: 12595: 12591: 12586: 12571: 12564: 12561:(June 2013). 12560: 12556: 12541: 12534: 12529: 12514: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12487: 12483: 12478: 12466: 12462: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12437: 12436: 12430: 12415: 12411: 12404: 12399: 12387: 12383: 12379: 12374: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12349: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12320: 12313: 12308: 12296: 12292: 12291:The New Times 12288: 12283: 12271: 12267: 12263: 12258: 12246: 12242: 12236: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12222: 12210: 12206: 12205:The New Times 12202: 12197: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12172: 12160: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12120: 12116: 12114:9781107678095 12110: 12106: 12101: 12097: 12091: 12087: 12082: 12078: 12072: 12068: 12067: 12061: 12049: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12009: 11997: 11993: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11968: 11967: 11961: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11935: 11934: 11928: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11879: 11864: 11857: 11852: 11848: 11842: 11838: 11837: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11807: 11802: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11754: 11750: 11735: 11728: 11723: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11699: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11663: 11659: 11653: 11649: 11648: 11643: 11639: 11635: 11629: 11625: 11624: 11618: 11606: 11602: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11585: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11560: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11539:"Scar tissue" 11535: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11510: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11450: 11446: 11440: 11436: 11435: 11429: 11417: 11413: 11412:The New Times 11410: 11405: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11341: 11338:. Edinburgh. 11337: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11322: 11316: 11312: 11307: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11282: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11246: 11242: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11219: 11215: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11200: 11194: 11190: 11185: 11173: 11169: 11164: 11152: 11148: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11125: 11121: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11104: 11092: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11068: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11028: 11016: 11012: 11007: 10995: 10991: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10955: 10943: 10939: 10934: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10908: 10907: 10901: 10889: 10885: 10880: 10868: 10864: 10860: 10855: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10830: 10818: 10814: 10813: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10788: 10784: 10779: 10767: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10740: 10736: 10735:The New Times 10732: 10727: 10715: 10711: 10710:The New Times 10707: 10702: 10690: 10686: 10685:The New Times 10682: 10677: 10673: 10667: 10663: 10662: 10656: 10652: 10651: 10645: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10621: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10600:Bralirwa (II) 10597: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10536: 10524: 10520: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10484: 10472: 10468: 10467:The New Times 10464: 10459: 10447: 10443: 10438: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10403: 10391: 10388:. BBC Sport. 10387: 10383: 10379: 10367: 10364:. BBC Sport. 10363: 10359: 10358:BBC Sport (I) 10355: 10343: 10339: 10334: 10322: 10318: 10313: 10301: 10297: 10292: 10280: 10276: 10271: 10259: 10255: 10250: 10238: 10234: 10229: 10217: 10213: 10208: 10196: 10192: 10187: 10175: 10171: 10166: 10154: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10127: 10120: 10115: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10090: 10086: 10080: 10076: 10075: 10069: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10030: 10026: 10025:The New Times 10022: 10017: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9991: 9990: 9984: 9972: 9968: 9967:The New Times 9964: 9959: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9923: 9919: 9918:The New Times 9915: 9910: 9898: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9847: 9843: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9824: 9823: 9817: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9768: 9767: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9738: 9731: 9726: 9720:, p. 67. 9719: 9718:Montague 2014 9714: 9707: 9702: 9695: 9690: 9683: 9678: 9671: 9666: 9659: 9658:Bishumba 2015 9654: 9647: 9642: 9635: 9630: 9623: 9618: 9616: 9608: 9603: 9601: 9593: 9592:Willgoss 2014 9588: 9581: 9576: 9569: 9564: 9557: 9552: 9545: 9544:Aglietti 2014 9540: 9533: 9532:Ndengeye 2014 9528: 9521: 9516: 9510:, p. 18. 9509: 9508:MINISPOC 2012 9504: 9497: 9492: 9485: 9480: 9473: 9468: 9461: 9460:Ngarambe 2012 9456: 9449: 9444: 9437: 9436:Bralirwa (II) 9432: 9425: 9420: 9413: 9408: 9401: 9396: 9389: 9384: 9382: 9375:, p. 74. 9374: 9369: 9363:, p. 13. 9362: 9361:Adekunle 2007 9357: 9355: 9353: 9346:, p. 81. 9345: 9344:Adekunle 2007 9340: 9338: 9336: 9328: 9323: 9321: 9314:, p. 25. 9313: 9308: 9301: 9296: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9272: 9266:, p. 29. 9265: 9260: 9253: 9248: 9242:, p. 75. 9241: 9240:Adekunle 2007 9236: 9229: 9228:Ntambara 2009 9224: 9218:, p. 31. 9217: 9212: 9205: 9200: 9193: 9192:Adekunle 2007 9188: 9181: 9176: 9169: 9168:Adekunle 2007 9164: 9157: 9156:Adekunle 2007 9152: 9145: 9140: 9133: 9128: 9121: 9116: 9114: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9077:, article 26. 9076: 9071: 9064: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9039: 9029: 9027: 9019: 9014: 8998: 8994: 8992: 8984: 8977: 8973: 8970: 8965: 8958: 8957:Nakayima 2010 8953: 8946: 8941: 8934: 8929: 8927: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8870: 8850: 8843: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8825: 8820: 8814:, p. 17. 8813: 8808: 8801: 8796: 8789: 8784: 8777: 8772: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8748: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8711: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8694: 8689: 8682: 8677: 8670: 8665: 8658: 8653: 8646: 8641: 8625: 8621: 8615: 8609:, p. 34. 8608: 8603: 8596: 8591: 8584: 8579: 8577: 8569: 8564: 8562: 8554: 8549: 8542: 8537: 8530: 8525: 8518: 8513: 8506: 8501: 8494: 8489: 8473: 8467: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8436: 8431: 8424: 8419: 8412: 8407: 8400: 8395: 8389:, p. 27. 8388: 8383: 8376: 8371: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8349: 8344: 8337: 8332: 8326:, p. 71. 8325: 8320: 8313: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8289: 8284: 8278:, p. 47. 8277: 8272: 8265: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8236: 8230:, p. 52. 8229: 8224: 8218:, p. 29. 8217: 8212: 8210: 8202: 8197: 8195: 8187: 8182: 8175: 8170: 8168: 8160: 8155: 8149:, p. 11. 8148: 8143: 8136: 8131: 8124: 8119: 8112: 8107: 8100: 8095: 8088: 8083: 8067: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8044: 8042: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8009:, p. 43. 8008: 8007:MININFRA 2013 8003: 8001: 7993: 7988: 7981: 7980:MININFRA 2017 7976: 7969: 7964: 7957: 7952: 7950: 7943:, p. 32. 7942: 7941:MININFRA 2013 7937: 7931:, p. 67. 7930: 7929:MININFRA 2013 7925: 7919:, p. 34. 7918: 7917:MININFRA 2013 7913: 7911: 7909: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7824: 7819: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7770: 7766: 7759: 7755: 7749: 7742: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7708: 7701: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7684: 7679: 7677: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7634: 7627: 7622: 7620: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7576: 7571: 7569: 7561: 7556: 7549: 7544: 7542: 7534: 7529: 7522: 7517: 7510: 7505: 7498: 7493: 7486: 7481: 7474: 7469: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7442: 7430: 7414: 7410: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7387:WIPO (2022). 7383: 7376: 7371: 7364: 7359: 7352: 7351:KT Press 2015 7347: 7345: 7337: 7332: 7325: 7320: 7313: 7308: 7306: 7298: 7297:Delawala 2001 7293: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7271: 7266: 7259: 7254: 7252: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7137: 7132: 7125: 7120: 7113: 7108: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7042: 7037: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7007: 6999: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6850: 6845: 6839:, p. 15. 6838: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6711: 6704: 6699: 6692: 6687: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6663: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6620: 6613: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6589:, p. 11. 6588: 6583: 6576: 6571: 6569: 6561: 6556: 6550:, p. 29. 6549: 6544: 6542: 6534: 6533:Adekunle 2007 6529: 6523:, p. 10. 6522: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6487:, p. 18. 6486: 6481: 6474: 6469: 6463:, p. 37. 6462: 6457: 6450: 6445: 6443: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6416: 6409: 6404: 6397: 6392: 6386:, p. 93. 6385: 6380: 6373: 6368: 6361: 6356: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6318: 6317:Richards 1994 6313: 6306: 6301: 6299: 6291: 6286: 6284: 6276: 6271: 6269: 6261: 6256: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6234: 6229: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6186: 6179: 6174: 6168:, p. 14. 6167: 6162: 6146: 6143:. Bloomberg. 6142: 6135: 6119: 6116:. Bloomberg. 6115: 6108: 6101: 6096: 6089: 6084: 6077: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6053: 6048: 6041: 6036: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5982:, p. 89. 5981: 5976: 5969: 5968:Fletcher 2009 5964: 5957: 5956:Grainger 2007 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5899: 5892: 5887: 5880: 5875: 5868: 5863: 5856: 5855:Agutamba 2014 5851: 5844: 5839: 5832: 5827: 5820: 5815: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5769: 5764: 5758:, I. Summary. 5757: 5752: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5722:, article 76. 5721: 5716: 5710:, article 62. 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5649: 5644: 5642: 5634: 5629: 5623:, article 98. 5622: 5617: 5611:, article 54. 5610: 5605: 5599:, article 52. 5598: 5593: 5586: 5581: 5574: 5569: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5528: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5392: 5391:UNDP (V) 2013 5387: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5367:UNDP (I) 2010 5363: 5356: 5351: 5349: 5341: 5336: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5302: 5297: 5290: 5289:Dallaire 2005 5285: 5278: 5277:Dallaire 2005 5273: 5266: 5265:Dallaire 2005 5261: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5207:, p. 93. 5206: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5159: 5153:, p. 56. 5152: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5125:The New Times 5121: 5114: 5108:, p. 53. 5107: 5102: 5096:, p. 51. 5095: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5071: 5066: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5035: 5030: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5008: 5007:Chrétien 2003 5003: 4996: 4995:Chrétien 2003 4991: 4984: 4983:Chrétien 2003 4979: 4970: 4964:, p. 25. 4963: 4958: 4942: 4938: 4936:9780199982288 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4899:Chrétien 2003 4895: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4871: 4865:, p. 69. 4864: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4847: 4846:Chrétien 2003 4842: 4840: 4832: 4831:Chrétien 2003 4827: 4820: 4819:Chrétien 2003 4815: 4808: 4807:Chrétien 2003 4803: 4797:, p. 88. 4796: 4795:Chrétien 2003 4791: 4784: 4779: 4773:, p. 69. 4772: 4771:Chrétien 2003 4767: 4761:, p. 58. 4760: 4755: 4749:, p. 16. 4748: 4743: 4737:, p. 75. 4736: 4731: 4729: 4722:, p. 58. 4721: 4720:Chrétien 2003 4716: 4710:, p. 61. 4709: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4693:, p. 45. 4692: 4691:Chrétien 2003 4687: 4681:, p. 36. 4680: 4675: 4669:, p. 44. 4668: 4667:Chrétien 2003 4663: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4553: 4549: 4545: 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USAID. 6587:King 2007 6521:King 2007 6408:Hodd 1994 6190:CJCR 2003 5867:CJCR 2003 5783:CJCR 2003 5744:CJCR 2003 5732:CJCR 2003 5720:CJCR 2003 5708:CJCR 2003 5696:CJCR 2003 5684:CJCR 2003 5672:CJCR 2003 5660:CJCR 2003 5648:CJCR 2003 5633:CJCR 2003 5621:CJCR 2003 5609:CJCR 2003 5597:CJCR 2003 5511:143013060 5470:154910536 5178:UNPO 2008 4735:King 2007 4468:1526-0054 4428:cite book 4370:153404360 4362:0143-6597 4151:Citations 3948:World Cup 3839:athletics 3729:Coca-Cola 3702:ikivuguto 3470:dance-pop 3454:dancehall 3290:Languages 3255:Rwamagana 3167:mutuelles 3083:programme 3065:Education 3030:Ruhengeri 3022:Lake Kivu 2950:Rwamagana 2878:Ruhengeri 2455:submarine 2414:LAP Green 2410:Rwandatel 2399:Umuvugizi 2362:in 2023. 2326:Rwanda's 2016:temperate 1932:Lake Kivu 1885:watershed 1806:Geography 1775:imidugudu 1748:districts 1738:provinces 1627:ombudsman 1587:civil law 1187:Stone Age 1175:Neolithic 1035:civil war 983:Iron Ages 948:sobriquet 853:Drives on 826:Time zone 714:(nominal) 526:1959–1961 513:1916–1962 500:1897–1916 469:Formation 395:President 376:under an 316:Religion 218:30°3′34″E 215:1°56′38″S 18700:2°S 30°E 18665:Source: 18616:Guernsey 18574:Anguilla 18404:Tanzania 18339:Pakistan 18299:Maldives 18294:Malaysia 18279:Kiribati 18224:Dominica 18209:Cameroon 18199:Botswana 18189:Barbados 18105:Category 18061:TV5Monde 17985:Thailand 17954:Slovenia 17949:Slovakia 17616:Dominica 17611:Djibouti 17571:Cameroon 17566:Cambodia 17551:Bulgaria 17461:Category 17339:Passport 17254:Politics 16997:Assembly 16772:Tientsin 16765:Tsingtao 16695:Togoland 16654:Wituland 16628:Colonies 16566:Category 16484:Portugal 16336:Zimbabwe 16311:Tanzania 16161:Ethiopia 16156:Eswatini 16135:Djibouti 16100:Cameroon 16085:Botswana 15995:Category 15902:Religion 15733:Military 15689:Politics 15675:Wildlife 15550:Timeline 15534:articles 15446:template 15422:BBC News 15359:Archived 15329:(2001). 15311:Archived 15246:(2006). 15228:Archived 15153:(2015). 15135:Archived 15114:Archived 15093:Archived 15072:Archived 15051:Archived 15030:Archived 15009:Archived 14988:Archived 14967:Archived 14946:Archived 14925:Archived 14904:Archived 14879:"Rwanda" 14760:Archived 14729:Archived 14725:BBC News 14704:Archived 14700:BBC News 14679:Archived 14631:Archived 14584:Archived 14574:(2004). 14556:Archived 14550:(2015). 14505:Archived 14496:(2008). 14475:Archived 14361:Archived 14337:Archived 14313:Archived 14289:Archived 14264:Archived 14239:Archived 14214:Archived 14208:(2014). 14190:Archived 14169:Archived 14165:26624167 14124:Archived 14095:KT Press 14074:Archived 13980:Archived 13971:(2013). 13916:Archived 13888:Archived 13839:Archived 13824:20 April 13818:Archived 13776:Archived 13749:Archived 13725:Archived 13706:cite web 13690:Archived 13667:cite web 13651:Archived 13602:Archived 13514:Archived 13510:"Ingoma" 13490:Archived 13466:Archived 13439:Archived 13391:Archived 13346:Archived 13266:Archived 13242:Archived 13205:(2000). 13187:Archived 13162:Archived 13141:Archived 13104:Archived 13079:Archived 13073:(2010). 12970:Archived 12895:Archived 12870:Archived 12845:Archived 12801:Archived 12776:Archived 12726:Archived 12701:Archived 12657:Archived 12540:Archived 12465:Archived 12386:Archived 12361:Archived 12333:Archived 12295:Archived 12270:Archived 12245:Archived 12227:(2002). 12209:Archived 12184:Archived 12159:Archived 12048:Archived 12021:Archived 11948:Archived 11795:27 April 11789:Archived 11787:. 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