Phosphorus - Knowledge

4721: 5158: 5035: 2680:. Upon further heating, this material crystallises. In this sense, red phosphorus is not an allotrope, but rather an intermediate phase between the white and violet phosphorus, and most of its properties have a range of values. For example, freshly prepared, bright red phosphorus is highly reactive and ignites at about 300 °C (572 °F), though it is more stable than white phosphorus, which ignites at about 30 °C (86 °F). After prolonged heating or storage, the color darkens (see infobox images); the resulting product is more stable and does not spontaneously ignite in air. 1661: 5134: 1717: 2379: 3180: 2728: 4514: 2353: 92: 6308:, and the remainder in soft tissues and extracellular fluids. The phosphorus content increases from about 0.5% by mass in infancy to 0.65–1.1% by mass in adults. Average phosphorus concentration in the blood is about 0.4 g/L; about 70% of that is organic and 30% inorganic phosphates. An adult with healthy diet consumes and excretes about 1–3 grams of phosphorus per day, with consumption in the form of inorganic phosphate and phosphorus-containing biomolecules such as 1751: 52: 78: 5347: 2025: 6588: 2391: 2365: 5195:(IFDC) report that global reserves would last for several hundred years. Phosphorus reserve figures are intensely debated. Gilbert suggest that there has been little external verification of the estimate. A 2014 review concluded that the IFDC report "presents an inflated picture of global reserves, in particular those of Morocco, where largely hypothetical and inferred resources have simply been relabeled “reserves". 3606: 64: 6536:(AI) is used instead. The current EAR for phosphorus for people ages 19 and up is 580 mg/day. The RDA is 700 mg/day. RDAs are higher than EARs so as to identify amounts that will cover people with higher-than-average requirements. RDA for pregnancy and lactation are also 700 mg/day. For people ages 1–18 years, the RDA increases with age from 460 to 1250 mg/day. As for safety, the IOM sets 4349: 5443:

towards application to crop fields on a large scale. At present, manure application could not meet the phosphorus needs of large scale agriculture. Despite that, it is still an efficient method of recycling used phosphorus and returning it to the soil. There are concerns with pathogens in manure and human excreta, but those pathogens can be eliminated via suitable treatment. However, especially in the

5671:) to receive the neutrons. As neutrons continue to pass through the silicon, more and more phosphorus atoms are produced by transmutation, and therefore the doping becomes more and more strongly n-type. NTD is a far less common doping method than diffusion or ion implantation, but it has the advantage of creating an extremely uniform dopant distribution. 6559:, the AI is set at 550 mg/day. For children ages 4–10, the AI is 440 mg/day, and for ages 11–17 it is 640 mg/day. These AIs are lower than the U.S. RDAs. In both systems, teenagers need more than adults. The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the same safety question and decided that there was not sufficient information to set a UL. 6120:, a very touch sensitive composition. The fine powder ignites immediately and provides the initial spark to set off the match head. Safety matches separate the two components of the ignition mixture until the match is struck. This is the key safety advantage as it prevents accidental ignition. Nonetheless, safety matches, invented in 1844 by 6056: 11320:, 6 March 2023, pp. 24–27. "he world's phosphorus problem resembles its carbon-dioxide problem, its plastics problem, its groundwater-use problem, its soil-erosion problem, and its nitrogen problem. The path humanity is on may lead to ruin, but, as of yet, no one has found a workable way back." (p. 27.) 5177:(a summarizing term for over 300 ores of different origin, composition, and phosphate content). "Reserves" refers to the amount assumed recoverable at current market prices and "resources" refers to estimated amounts of such a grade or quality that they have reasonable prospects for economic extraction. 4587:

encased in a very hot brick furnace to distill out the highly toxic elemental phosphorus product. Alternately, precipitated phosphates could be made from ground-up bones that had been de-greased and treated with strong acids. White phosphorus could then be made by heating the precipitated phosphates,

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Brand's process originally involved letting urine stand for days until it gave off a terrible stench. Then he boiled it down to a paste, heated this paste to a high temperature, and led the vapours through water, where he hoped they would condense to gold. Instead, he obtained a white, waxy substance

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White phosphorus exists in two crystalline forms: α (alpha) and β (beta). At room temperature, the α-form is stable. It is more common, has cubic crystal structure and at 195.2 K (−78.0 °C), it transforms into β-form, which has hexagonal crystal structure. These forms differ in terms of the

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until it is certain that all WP has been removed. Following complete removal of the particles, treat the lesions as thermal burns." As white phosphorus readily mixes with oils, any oily substances or ointments are not recommended until the area is thoroughly cleaned and all white phosphorus removed.

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For the use of phosphorus in drugs, detergents, and foodstuff, the standards of purity are high, which led to the development of the thermal process. In this process, phosphate minerals are converted to white phosphorus, which can be purified by distillation. The white phosphorus is then oxidised to

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In 2017, the USGS estimated 68 billion tons of world reserves, where reserve figures refer to the amount assumed recoverable at current market prices; 0.261 billion tons were mined in 2016. Critical to contemporary agriculture, its annual demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth

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and tradition, Augerinus (Αυγερινός = morning star, still in use today), Hesperus or Hesperinus (΄Εσπερος or Εσπερινός or Αποσπερίτης = evening star, still in use today) and Eosphorus (Εωσφόρος = dawnbearer, not in use for the planet after Christianity) are close homologues, and also associated with

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The manual suggests instead "a bicarbonate solution to neutralise phosphoric acid, which will then allow removal of visible white phosphorus. Particles often can be located by their emission of smoke when air strikes them, or by their phosphorescence in the dark. In dark surroundings, fragments are

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For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes, the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). For phosphorus labeling purposes, 100% of the Daily Value was 1000 mg, but as of May 27, 2016, it was revised to 1250 mg to bring it into agreement with the

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in agriculture. Via this method, phosphorus in the foods consumed are excreted, and the animal or human excreta are subsequently collected and re-applied to the fields. Although this method has maintained civilizations for centuries the current system of manure management is not logistically geared

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in the 1680s ascribed it to "debilitation" of the air. In fact, this process is caused by the phosphorus reacting with oxygen in the air; in a sealed container, this process will eventually stop when all the oxygen in the container is consumed. By the 18th century, it was known that in pure oxygen,

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have been shown to reduce the rate of phosphorus depletion from farmland. These methods are still dependent on a periodic application of phosphate rock to the soil and as such methods to recycle the lost phosphorus have also been proposed. Perennial vegetation, such as grassland or forest, is much

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in 1888 (patented 1889), elemental phosphorus production switched from the bone-ash heating, to electric arc production from phosphate rock. After the depletion of world guano sources about the same time, mineral phosphates became the major source of phosphate fertiliser production. Phosphate rock

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are extensive, often commercially important, and sometimes structurally complicated. They all have acidic protons bound to oxygen atoms, some have nonacidic protons that are bonded directly to phosphorus and some contain phosphorus–phosphorus bonds. Although many oxoacids of phosphorus are formed,

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was an important early phosphate source. Phosphate mines contain fossils because phosphate is present in the fossilized deposits of animal remains and excreta. Low phosphate levels are an important limit to growth in a number of plant ecosystems. The vast majority of phosphorus compounds mined are

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does not include significant gas-phase transport. The predominant source of phosphorus in modern times is phosphate rock (as opposed to the guano that preceded it). According to some researchers, Earth's commercial and affordable phosphorus reserves are expected to be depleted in 50–100 years and

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Boyle states that Krafft gave him no information as to the preparation of phosphorus other than that it was derived from "somewhat that belonged to the body of man". This gave Boyle a valuable clue, so that he, too, managed to make phosphorus, and published the method of its manufacture. Later he

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and the most toxic of the allotropes. White phosphorus gradually changes to red phosphorus, accelerated by light and heat. Samples of white phosphorus almost always contain some red phosphorus and accordingly appear yellow. For this reason, white phosphorus that is aged or otherwise impure (e.g.,

4895:. More problematic is a "mud" containing significant amounts of white phosphorus. Production of white phosphorus is conducted in large facilities in part because it is energy intensive. The white phosphorus is transported in molten form. Some major accidents have occurred during transportation. 5419:

Integrated farming systems which use animal sources to supply phosphorus for crops do exist at smaller scales, and application of the system to a larger scale is a potential alternative for supplying the nutrient, although it would require significant changes to the widely adopted modern crop

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of the human population. The production of phosphorus may have peaked before 2011 and some scientists predict reserves will be depleted before the end of the 21st century. Phosphorus comprises about 0.1% by mass of the average rock, and consequently, the Earth's supply is vast, though dilute.

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Natural phosphorus-bearing compounds are mostly inaccessible to plants because of the low solubility and mobility in soil. Most phosphorus is very stable in the soil minerals or organic matter of the soil. Even when phosphorus is added in manure or fertilizer it can become fixed in the soil.

5257:. Many agricultural systems depend on supplies of inorganic fertilizer, which use rock phosphate. Under the food production regime in developed countries, shortages of rock phosphate could lead to shortages of inorganic fertilizer, which could in turn reduce the global food production. 4683:

were distributed in Britain to specially selected civilians within the British resistance operation, for defence; and phosphorus incendiary bombs were used in war on a large scale. Burning phosphorus is difficult to extinguish and if it splashes onto human skin it has horrific effects.

10008: 5391:, the UK organic agriculture certification and pressure group, issued a report in 2010 "A Rock and a Hard Place" encouraging more recycling of phosphorus. One potential solution to the shortage of phosphorus is greater recycling of human and animal wastes back into the environment. 5657: 3649:, are known for these reactive metals. With the transition metals as well as the monophosphides there are metal-rich phosphides, which are generally hard refractory compounds with a metallic lustre, and phosphorus-rich phosphides which are less stable and include semiconductors. 6645:, "Cupric (copper(II)) sulfate has been used by U.S. personnel in the past and is still being used by some nations. However, copper sulfate is toxic and its use will be discontinued. Copper sulfate may produce kidney and cerebral toxicity as well as intravascular hemolysis." 3391:, phosphate forms a variety of salts. These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages. When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals. Many phosphate salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO 5802:

is very slow. Some of the fixed phosphorus is released again over time, sustaining wild plant growth, however, more is needed to sustain intensive cultivation of crops. Fertiliser is often in the form of superphosphate of lime, a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate

2704:. It is obtained by heating white phosphorus under high pressures (about 12,000 standard atmospheres or 1.2 gigapascals). It can also be produced at ambient conditions using metal salts, e.g. mercury, as catalysts. In appearance, properties, and structure, it resembles 6748:

WP, (white phosphorus), exhibits chemoluminescence upon exposure to air and if there is any WP in the wound, covered by tissue or fluids such as blood serum, it will not glow until it is exposed to air, which requires a very dark room and dark-adapted eyes to see

6085:), and a binder. They were poisonous to the workers in manufacture, sensitive to storage conditions, toxic if ingested, and hazardous when accidentally ignited on a rough surface. Production in several countries was banned between 1872 and 1925. The international 5191:(USGS) estimated that economically extractable phosphate rock reserves worldwide are 72 billion tons, while world mining production in 2022 was 220 million tons. Assuming zero growth, the reserves would thus last for around 300 years. This broadly confirms a 2010 4411:. While the quantities were essentially correct (it took about 1,100 litres of urine to make about 60 g of phosphorus), it was unnecessary to allow the urine to rot first. Later scientists discovered that fresh urine yielded the same amount of phosphorus. 5487:

Research on phosphorus recovery methods from sewage sludge has been carried out in Sweden and Germany since around 2003, but the technologies currently under development are not yet cost effective, given the current price of phosphorus on the world market.

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production greatly increased after World War II, and remains the primary global source of phosphorus and phosphorus chemicals today. Phosphate rock remains a feedstock in the fertiliser industry, where it is treated with sulfuric acid to produce various "

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resulted from its use. (An apocryphal tale tells of a woman attempting to murder her husband with white phosphorus in his food, which was detected by the stew's giving off luminous steam). In addition, exposure to the vapours gave match workers a severe

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Most phosphorus-bearing material is for agriculture fertilisers. In this case where the standards of purity are modest, phosphorus is obtained from phosphate rock by what is called the "wet process." The minerals are treated with sulfuric acid to give

5113:. Estimates for future production vary significantly depending on modelling and assumptions on extractable volumes, but it is inescapable that future production of phosphate rock will be heavily influenced by Morocco in the foreseeable future. 5301:

in which he described many of the agricultural practices of the Incas prior to the arrival of the Spaniards and introduced the use of guano as a fertilizer. As Garcilaso described, the Incas near the coast harvested guano. In the early 1800s

10016: 6213:. This multipurpose grenade was mostly used for signaling, smoke screens, and inflammation; it could also cause severe burns and had a psychological impact on the enemy. Military uses of white phosphorus are constrained by international law. 5363:

Phosphorus can be transferred from the soil in one location to another as food is transported across the world, taking the phosphorus it contains with it. Once consumed by humans, it can end up in the local environment (in the case of

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Cossairt, Brandi M.; Cummins, Christopher C.; Head, Ashley R.; Lichtenberger, Dennis L.; Berger, Raphael J. F.; Hayes, Stuart A.; Mitzel, Norbert W.; Wu, Gang (2010-06-01). "On the Molecular and Electronic Structures of AsP3 and P4".

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In consequence, phosphorous matches were gradually replaced by safer alternatives. Around 1900 French chemists Henri Sévène and Emile David Cahen invented the modern strike-anywhere match, wherein the white phosphorus was replaced by

3671:), but the bond angles at phosphorus are closer to 90° for phosphine and its organic derivatives. Phosphine is an ill-smelling, toxic gas. Phosphorus has an oxidation number of −3 in phosphine. Phosphine is produced by hydrolysis of 9650:

Naiker, Vidhukrishnan E.; Mestry, Siddhesh; Nirgude, Tejal; Gadgeel, Arjit; Mhaske, S. T. (2023-01-01). "Recent developments in phosphorous-containing bio-based flame-retardant (FR) materials for coatings: an attentive review".

6476:, which is a condition of low levels of soluble phosphate levels in the blood serum and inside the cells. Symptoms of hypophosphatemia include neurological dysfunction and disruption of muscle and blood cells due to lack of 5333:

by boat. International commerce in guano did not start until after 1840. By the start of the 20th century guano had been nearly completely depleted and was eventually overtaken with the discovery of methods of production of

2979:(braking radiation) in dense shielding materials such as lead. Therefore, the radiation must be shielded with low density materials such as acrylic or other plastic, water, or (when transparency is not required), even wood. 5528: 5274:

US production of phosphate rock peaked in 1980 at 54.4 million metric tons. The United States was the world's largest producer of phosphate rock from at least 1900, up until 2006, when US production was exceeded by that of

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Every living cell is encased in a membrane that separates it from its surroundings. Cellular membranes are composed of a phospholipid matrix and proteins, typically in the form of a bilayer. Phospholipids are derived from

5778:) production in the second half of the 20th century. Artificial phosphate fertilisation is necessary because phosphorus is essential to all living organisms; it is involved in energy transfers, strength of root and stems, 6791:

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04).

6579:, although proteins do not contain phosphorus. For example, milk, meat, and soya typically also have phosphorus. As a rule, if a diet has sufficient protein and calcium, the amount of phosphorus is probably sufficient. 6135:

made from phosphoric acid is used in laundry detergents in some countries, but banned for this use in others. This compound softens the water to enhance the performance of the detergents and to prevent pipe/boiler tube

5184:). By comparison, the Earth's crust contains 0.1% phosphorus by mass, and vegetation 0.03–0.2%. Although quadrillions of tons of phosphorus exist in the Earth's crust, these are currently not economically extractable. 3206:), a tetrahedral anion. Phosphate is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilisers. Being triprotic, phosphoric acid converts stepwise to three conjugate bases: 2097:, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as 6105:), a non-toxic and non-pyrophoric compound that ignites under friction. For a time these safer strike-anywhere matches were quite popular but in the long run they were superseded by the modern safety match. 5483:

from waste processing plants. The struvite can be made by adding magnesium to the waste. Some companies such as Ostara in Canada and NuReSys in Belgium are already using this technique to recover phosphate.

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These compounds generally feature P–P bonds. Examples include catenated derivatives of phosphine and organophosphines. Compounds containing P=P double bonds have also been observed, although they are rare.

6035:, and in many other related products. Phosphorus is added to metallic copper during its smelting process to react with oxygen present as an impurity in copper and to produce phosphorus-containing copper ( 6626:

The white phosphorus allotrope presents a significant hazard because it ignites in the air and produces phosphoric acid residue. Chronic white phosphorus poisoning leads to necrosis of the jaw called "

2220:. Phosphate is needed to replace the phosphorus that plants remove from the soil, and its annual demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth of the human population. Other applications include 2768:

that both emit visible light. The reaction is slow and only very little of the intermediates are required to produce the luminescence, hence the extended time the glow continues in a stoppered jar.

3683:. Unlike ammonia, phosphine is oxidised by air. Phosphine is also far less basic than ammonia. Other phosphines are known which contain chains of up to nine phosphorus atoms and have the formula P 5504:

sense in that atoms of another element are turned into phosphorus. While the amount of phosphorus produced this way is minuscule, it is nonetheless a crucial process in semiconductor production.

3136:, were historically of importance but had only limited commercial success. As urine contains phosphorus, it has fertilising qualities which are still harnessed today in some countries, including 2700:

is the least reactive allotrope and the thermodynamically stable form below 550 °C (1,022 °F). It is also known as β-metallic phosphorus and has a structure somewhat resembling that of

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Economists have pointed out that price fluctuations of rock phosphate do not necessarily indicate peak phosphorus, as these have already occurred due to various demand- and supply-side factors.

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In 1974, the glow was explained by R. J. van Zee and A. U. Khan. A reaction with oxygen takes place at the surface of the solid (or liquid) phosphorus, forming the short-lived molecules HPO and

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Phosphorus has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). It is not found free in nature, but is widely distributed in many

6480:. Too much phosphate can lead to diarrhoea and calcification (hardening) of organs and soft tissue, and can interfere with the body's ability to use iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. 5149:

processes, belongs to one of the nine "Earth system processes" which are known to have boundaries. As long as the boundaries are not crossed, they mark the "safe zone" for the planet.

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the burn if the patient's condition will permit removal of bits of WP (white phosphorus) that might be absorbed later and possibly produce systemic poisoning. DO NOT apply oily-based

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more efficient in its use of phosphate than arable land. Strips of grassland and/or forest between arable land and rivers can greatly reduce losses of phosphate and other nutrients.

2910:, a beta-emitter (0.25 MeV) with a half-life of 25.4 days. It is used in life-science laboratories in applications in which lower energy beta emissions are advantageous such as 9339: 9566:. Conference presentation at Nutrient Recovery and Management Conference organised by International Water Association (IWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF) in Florida, USA 8787:"Recent revisions of phosphate rock reserves and resources: reassuring or misleading? An in-depth literature review of global estimates of phosphate rock reserves and resources" 5786:, formation of seeds and flowers, and other important factors effecting overall plant health and genetics. Heavy use of phosphorus fertilizers and their runoff have resulted in 4704:, requiring its adoption as a safer alternative for match manufacture. The toxicity of white phosphorus led to discontinuation of its use in matches. The Allies used phosphorus 4505:

Phosphorus was the 13th element to be discovered. Because of its tendency to spontaneously combust when left alone in air, it is sometimes referred to as "the Devil's element".

6540:(ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. In the case of phosphorus, the UL is 4000 mg/day. Collectively the EARs, RDAs, AIs and ULs are referred to as 13266: 6552: 4745:. Phosphoric acid is then neutralized to give various phosphate salts, which comprise fertilizers. In the wet process, phosphorus does not undergo redox. About five tons of 6555:(PRI) instead of RDA, and Average Requirement instead of EAR. AI and UL are defined the same as in the United States. For people ages 15 and older, including pregnancy and 6879:

Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds".

2676:. Red phosphorus may be formed by heating white phosphorus to 250 °C (482 °F) or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight. Phosphorus after this treatment is 4651:

was introduced to reduce phosphate rock. The electric furnace method allowed production to increase to the point where phosphorus could be used in weapons of war. In

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sense i.e. extracting a desired element or compound from a source without changing the atoms themselves. However, there is a process which produces phosphorus in a

3057:(a group of minerals being, generally, pentacalcium triorthophosphate fluoride (hydroxide)), is today the chief commercial source of this element. According to the 6124:

and market ready by the 1860s, did not gain consumer acceptance until the prohibition of white phosphorus. Using a dedicated striker strip was considered clumsy.

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or phosphates. Phosphoric acid in soft drinks has the potential to cause dental erosion. Phosphoric acid also has the potential to contribute to the formation of

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Peak phosphorus is a concept to describe the point in time when humanity reaches the maximum global production rate of phosphorus as an industrial and commercial

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Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus".

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Reducing agricultural runoff and soil erosion can slow the frequency with which farmers have to reapply phosphorus to their fields. Agricultural methods such as

4998:, calcium metaphosphate yields two-thirds of its weight of white phosphorus while one-third of the phosphorus remains in the residue as calcium orthophosphate: 8601:

Tayibi, Hanan; Choura, Mohamed; López, Félix A.; Alguacil, Francisco J.; López-Delgado, Aurora (2009). "Environmental Impact and Management of Phosphogypsum".

6503:; that is, the scarcity of phosphorus limits the rate of organism growth. An excess of phosphorus can also be problematic, especially in aquatic systems where 5830:

Processing phosphate minerals with sulfuric acid for obtaining fertiliser is so important to the global economy that this is the primary industrial market for

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Safety matches are very difficult to ignite on any surface other than a special striker strip. The strip contains non-toxic red phosphorus and the match head

4430:(1630–1703) was able to reproduce it in Sweden (1678). Later, Boyle in London (1680) also managed to make phosphorus, possibly with the aid of his assistant, 2297:

tetrahedron is also present in liquid and gaseous phosphorus up to the temperature of 800 °C (1,500 °F; 1,100 K) when it starts decomposing to

6670: 5058:. However, exact reserve quantities remain uncertain, as do the possible impacts of increased phosphate use on future generations. This is important because 1885: 9792:"Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians" 6777: 12770: 8999: 2483:. It can also be generated as a transient intermediate in solution by thermolysis of organophosphorus precursor reagents. At still higher temperatures, P 5383:

In an effort to postpone the onset of peak phosphorus several methods of reducing and reusing phosphorus are in practice, such as in agriculture and in

10759:"US Navy's Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries: FM8-285: Part 2 Conventional Military Chemical Injuries" 6943: 5684:

Phosphorus compounds are used as flame retardants. Flame-retardant materials and coatings are being developed that are both phosphorus- and bio-based.

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When first isolated, it was observed that the green glow emanating from white phosphorus would persist for a time in a stoppered jar, but then cease.

2140:, meaning glow after illumination, has its origin in phosphorus, although phosphorus itself does not exhibit phosphorescence: phosphorus glows due to 11345: 11222: 11061: 10929: 6643:

US Navy's Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries: FM8-285: Part 2 Conventional Military Chemical Injuries

4626:, which usually contains calcium phosphate, was first used in 1850 to make phosphorus, and following the introduction of the electric arc furnace by 9720: 9168: 9133:. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh on behalf of the Global Partnership on Nutrient Management and the International Nitrogen Initiative. 4720: 2104:

Elemental phosphorus was first isolated as white phosphorus in 1669. In white phosphorus, phosphorus atoms are arranged in groups of 4, written as P

9973: 5086: 4700:". When a safe process for manufacturing red phosphorus was discovered, with its far lower flammability and toxicity, laws were enacted, under the 3653:

is a naturally occurring metal-rich phosphide found in meteorites. The structures of the metal-rich and phosphorus-rich phosphides can be complex.

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doping (NTD) is an unusual doping method for special applications. Most commonly, it is used to dope silicon n-type in high-power electronics and

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Van Vuuren, D.P.; Bouwman, A.F.; Beusen, A.H.W. (2010). "Phosphorus demand for the 1970–2100 period: A scenario analysis of resource depletion".

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arise by reaction of metals with red phosphorus. The alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals can form ionic compounds containing the

2428:(self-igniting) in air; it faintly glows green and blue in the dark when exposed to oxygen. The autoxidation commonly coats samples with white 10953:

Corbridge, D. E. C. (1995) "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam.

9698: 8889: 8701: 2329:. This has been illustrated by calculations of the magnetically induced currents, which sum up to 29 nA/T, much more than in the archetypical 10858: 6662: 2949: 2059: 4358:

The discovery of phosphorus, the first element to be discovered that was not known since ancient times, is credited to the German alchemist

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Phosphorus forms a wide range of sulfides, where the phosphorus can be in P(V), P(III) or other oxidation states. The three-fold symmetric P

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Schrödter, Klaus; Bettermann, Gerhard; Staffel, Thomas; Wahl, Friedrich; Klein, Thomas; Hofmann, Thomas. "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates".

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waste are generated per ton of phosphoric acid production. Annually, the estimated generation of phosphogypsum worldwide is 100 to 280 Mt.

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Organic compounds of phosphorus form a wide class of materials; many are required for life, but some are extremely toxic. Fluorophosphate

5652:{\displaystyle ^{30}\mathrm {Si} \,(n,\gamma )\,^{31}\mathrm {Si} \rightarrow \,^{31}\mathrm {P} +\beta ^{-}\;(T_{1/2}=2.62\mathrm {h} ).} 2963:

to wear lab coats, disposable gloves, and safety glasses or goggles to protect the eyes, and avoid working directly over open containers.

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additive, and the characteristic odour of combustion is garlicky. White phosphorus is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide.

8749: 8078: 7890:; Beltrán, M. T.; Fontani, F.; van der Tak, F. F. S.; Cesaroni, R.; Vasyunin, A.; Rubin, M.; Lique, F.; Marinakis, S.; Testi, L. (2019). 7729:

Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. (2019). "Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging".

5192: 5125:, the question is not settled, and researchers in different fields regularly publish different estimates of the rock phosphate reserves. 2791:(glowing due to a cold chemical reaction), not phosphorescence (re-emitting light that previously fell onto a substance and excited it). 2694:, a red/purple form is obtained. Therefore, this form is sometimes known as "Hittorf's phosphorus" (or violet or α-metallic phosphorus). 6721:

effective on November 17, 2001. In the United States, handlers of red or white phosphorus are subject to stringent regulatory controls.

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that is rich in phosphorus. Various processes have been developed to extract phosphorus from sewage sludge directly, from the ash after

10642:"Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies" 9507:"Phosphorus and nitrogen losses in relation to forest, pasture and row-crop land use and precipitation distribution in the midwest usa" 8486: 7481:

Cartz, L.; Srinivasa, S.R.; Riedner, R.J.; Jorgensen, J.D.; Worlton, T.G. (1979). "Effect of pressure on bonding in black phosphorus".

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peak phosphorus to be reached in approximately 2030. Others suggest that supplies will last for several hundreds of years. As with the

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as well as amorphous forms of calcium phosphate, possibly including carbonate. Hydroxyapatite is the main component of tooth enamel.

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Match striking surface made of a mixture of red phosphorus, glue and ground glass. The glass powder is used to increase the friction.

271: 11173: 5050:. The issue was raised as a debate on whether phosphorus shortages might be imminent around 2010, which was largely dismissed after 4687:

Early matches used white phosphorus in their composition, which was dangerous due to its toxicity. Murders, suicides and accidental

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Koo, B.-C.; Lee, Y.-H.; Moon, D.-S.; Yoon, S.-C.; Raymond, J. C. (2013). "Phosphorus in the Young Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A".

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in concentrated forms, which are not evenly distributed across the Earth. The only cost-effective production method to date is the

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and other organizations increased world estimates on available phosphorus resources, mostly in the form of additional resources in

1845: 9930:

Conley, Daniel J.; Paerl, Hans W.; Howarth, Robert W.; et al. (2009). "Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus".

6349:. Only about 0.1% of body phosphate circulates in the blood, paralleling the amount of phosphate available to soft tissue cells. 4502:

Robert Boyle was the first to use phosphorus to ignite sulfur-tipped wooden splints, forerunners of our modern matches, in 1680.

4158:

Compounds with P-C and P-O-C bonds are often classified as organophosphorus compounds. They are widely used commercially. The PCl

10291:

Charnovitz, Steve (1987). "The Influence of International Labour Standards on the World Trading Regime. A Historical Overview".

9577:

Phosphorus Recovery from Sludge in Sweden - Possibilities to meet proposed goals in an efficient, sustainable and economical way

4382:

by evaporating urine, and in the process produced a white material that glowed in the dark and burned brilliantly. It was named

10658: 5464: 8473: 7320:

Shen, Z; Yu, JC (2016). "Nanostructured elemental photocatalysts: Development and challenges". In Yamashita, H; Li, H (eds.).

6073:

in 1830. These matches (and subsequent modifications) were made with heads of white phosphorus, an oxygen-releasing compound (

11338: 11269: 11196: 11118: 10758: 10609: 10477: 10388: 10340: 10136: 10111: 10088: 9847: 9459: 9431: 9377: 9138: 9069: 8757: 8331: 8265: 7892:"ALMA and ROSINA detections of phosphorus-bearing molecules: the interstellar thread between star-forming regions and comets" 7605: 7380: 7329: 6926: 5668: 5269: 4903:

Historically, before the development of mineral-based extractions, white phosphorus was isolated on an industrial scale from

3384:

of phosphoric acid, but several intermediates between the two are known. This waxy white solid reacts vigorously with water.

5073:

Phosphorus is a finite (limited) resource that is widespread in the Earth's crust and in living organisms but is relatively

4580:

Bone ash was the major source of phosphorus until the 1840s. The method started by roasting bones, then employed the use of

2668:

wherein one P-P bond is broken, and one additional bond is formed with the neighbouring tetrahedron resulting in chains of P

8961:

Neset, Tina-Simone S.; Cordell, Dana (2011). "Global phosphorus scarcity: identifying synergies for a sustainable future".

4390:

that glowed in the dark. Brand had discovered phosphorus. Specifically, Brand produced ammonium sodium hydrogen phosphate,

1878: 10694: 7229:

Piro, N. A.; Figueroa, J. S.; McKellar, J. T.; Cummins, C. C. (2006). "Triple-Bond Reactivity of Diphosphorus Molecules".

6532:(RDAs) for phosphorus in 1997. If there is not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated 7790: 4758:

phosphoric acid and subsequently neutralised with a base to give phosphate salts. The thermal process is conducted in a

3305:

Phosphate exhibits a tendency to form chains and rings containing P-O-P bonds. Many polyphosphates are known, including

12641: 11239: 11078: 9474: 7516:

Lange, Stefan; Schmidt, Peer & Nilges, Tom (2007). "Au3SnP7@Black Phosphorus: An Easy Access to Black Phosphorus".

4647:

industry. This used bone ash for a phosphate source, as described above. The bone-ash process became obsolete when the

263: 10641: 8445: 8000: 5376:

in the case of cities connected to sewer systems. An example of one crop that takes up large amounts of phosphorus is

3488:

Before extensive computer calculations were feasible, it was thought that bonding in phosphorus(V) compounds involved

244: 13271: 11302: 11212: 11097: 10958: 10918: 10453: 10363: 10319: 10161: 10046: 9634: 9609: 8420: 8240: 8146: 8141:

Heal, H. G. "The Inorganic Heterocyclic Chemistry of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus" Academic Press: London; 1980.

8129: 8026: 7561: 7430: 7304: 7216: 7169: 7144: 7033: 6981: 6956: 5122: 1294: 154: 10227: 2263: 2259:

that exhibit strikingly diverse properties. The two most common allotropes are white phosphorus and red phosphorus.

11331: 10678:"Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982" 8743: 4607:

In the 1840s, world phosphate production turned to the mining of tropical island deposits formed from bird and bat

3144:. To this end, urine can be used as a fertiliser in its pure form or part of being mixed with water in the form of 2043: 10969:; Drangert, Jan-Olof; White, Stuart (2009). "The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought". 8685: 6661:

People can be exposed to phosphorus in the workplace by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye contact. The

4427: 8409:

Lewis R. Goldfrank; Neal Flomenbaum; Mary Ann Howland; Robert S. Hoffman; Neal A. Lewin; Lewis S. Nelson (2006).

7942: 7211:

Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.

6710: 6623:

as nerve agents against enemy humans. Most inorganic phosphates are relatively nontoxic and essential nutrients.

6365:

enhances the resistance of teeth to decay by the partial conversion of this mineral to the still harder material

5188: 4414:

Brand at first tried to keep the method secret, but later sold the recipe for 200 thalers to Johann Daniel Kraft

4337: 2686:

is a form of phosphorus that can be produced by day-long annealing of red phosphorus above 550 °C. In 1865,

6304:

An average adult human contains about 0.7 kg of phosphorus, about 85–90% in bones and teeth in the form of

5066:. Hence, a shortage in rock phosphate (or just significant price increases) might negatively affect the world's 2479:. This species is not stable as a solid or liquid. The dimeric unit contains a triple bond and is analogous to N 6548: 5294: 3026: 1334: 9837: 6714: 3121:

island sources of phosphate); by 1950, they were using phosphate rock mainly from Tennessee and North Africa.

13251: 12634: 6529: 4778:), mostly mined in Florida and North Africa, can be heated to 1,200–1,500 °C with sand, which is mostly 3169: 3082: 3030: 2457:

tetrahedra, but with oxygen inserted between the phosphorus atoms and at the vertices. White phosphorus is a

10807:

Skinner, H.F. (1990). "Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine".

10448:

Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000.

6468:, by failure to absorb phosphate, and by metabolic syndromes that draw phosphate from the blood (such as in 5697: 6537: 6044: 2952:

in the United States, and similar institutions in other developed countries require personnel working with

10937: 4162:

serves as a source of P in routes to organophosphorus(III) compounds. For example, it is the precursor to

2971:

requires special consideration. The high energy of the beta particles gives rise to secondary emission of

13246: 12904: 9796: 9177: 6718: 4615:). These became an important source of phosphates for fertiliser in the latter half of the 19th century. 3165: 3037:

AFGL 5142, to detect phosphorus-bearing molecules and how they are carried in comets to the early Earth.

2988: 2036: 1733: 17: 10269: 10102:

Roland W. Scholz; Amit H. Roy; Fridolin S. Brand; Deborah Hellums; Andrea E. Ulrich, eds. (2014-03-12).

9984: 6637:

In the past, external exposure to elemental phosphorus was treated by washing the affected area with 2%

6634:, causing severe liver damage on ingestion and may cause a condition known as "Smoking Stool Syndrome". 4362:

in 1669, although others might have discovered phosphorus around the same time. Brand experimented with

13261: 13236: 13126: 13077: 9694: 9144: 8653:

Shriver, Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; 2010; p. 379.

6674: 6666: 6525: 6186: 5038:

Annual global phosphate rock production (megatonnes per yr), 1994–2022 (data from US Geological Survey)

4153: 4028: 3113:

plant, for instance, were using phosphate rock in the 1890s and 1900s from Tennessee, Florida, and the

1254: 6831: 13256: 11016:"Peak Phosphorus: Clarifying the Key Issues of a Vigorous Debate about Long-Term Phosphorus Security" 7796:. University of Michigan Department of Occupational Safety & Environmental Health. Archived from 5988: 4306: 3007: 2221: 2127: 9108: 8212: 7969: 7577: 6793: 4366:, which contains considerable quantities of dissolved phosphates from normal metabolism. Working in 1938: 13179: 13097: 13069: 12813: 11137:

Global availability of phosphorus and its implications for global food supply: An economic overview

6541: 6094: 6000: 5253:

Rock phosphate shortages (or just significant price increases) might negatively affect the world's

4300:

words (φῶς = light, φέρω = carry), which roughly translates as light-bringer or light carrier. (In

4144:

have analogous structures. Mixed oxyhalides and oxyhydrides of phosphorus(III) are almost unknown.

3493: 3405: 3398: 2783:

were used loosely to describe substances that shine in the dark without burning. Although the term

2250: 1384: 174: 10862: 9721:"Why is phosphoric acid used in some Coca‑Cola drinks?| Frequently Asked Questions | Coca-Cola GB" 9475:

soilassociation.org - A rock and a hard place, Peak phosphorus and the threat to our food security

9405: 8917:"Phosphate rock production and depletion: Regional disaggregated modeling and global implications" 8408: 8159:

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists".

5034: 13203: 13053: 13045: 12929: 12854: 12828: 12750: 10677: 6176: 6132: 6086: 5996: 5943: 5476: 4701: 3436: 3322: 3114: 1799: 1234: 9539: 9202: 8053: 7578:"Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 – Presentation Speech by Professor A. Ölander (committee member)" 13121: 13089: 13061: 12966: 12899: 12818: 11165: 11136: 8916: 8410: 8124:

Mark, J. E.; Allcock, H. R.; West, R. "Inorganic Polymers" Prentice Hall, Englewood, NJ: 1992.

7296: 7064:

Simon, Arndt; Borrmann, Horst; Horakh, Jörg (1997). "On the Polymorphism of White Phosphorus".

6564: 6477: 6266: 6220: 6117: 6040: 5913: 5512: 5373: 5303: 4417: 4371: 4239: 3951: 3512: 3505: 3478: 3447: 3306: 2800: 2412: 2196: 2094: 1871: 1261: 1246: 1222: 194: 11147: 10467: 8294: 8101: 7370: 5447:

these processes are not always followed, leading to outbreaks of diseases transmitted via the

5321:. It has been reported that, at the time of its discovery, the guano on some islands was over 2708:, being black and flaky, a conductor of electricity, and has puckered sheets of linked atoms. 2420:

weapons-grade, not lab-grade WP) is also called yellow phosphorus. White phosphorus is highly

1339:

red: ≈689.2–863 K (≈416–590 °C, ≈780.8–1094 °F)

1293: 13037: 13016: 12878: 12678: 10585: 6168: 6113: 5852: 5508: 5404: 4912: 4627: 4438:

improved Brand's process by using sand in the reaction (still using urine as base material),

4069: 3519: 3326: 2464: 2322: 10179:"Phosphorus Necrosis of the Jaw: A Present-day Study: With Clinical and Biochemical Studies" 9340:"Finland's phosphorus resources are more important than ever (Geological Survey of Finland)" 8829:

Amundson, R.; Berhe, A. A.; Hopmans, J. W.; Olson, C.; Sztein, A. E.; Sparks, D. L. (2015).

8197: 6942:

Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".

6301:, and the third hydroxyl proton has been replaced with phosphate bonded to another alcohol. 2711:

Another form, scarlet phosphorus, is obtained by allowing a solution of white phosphorus in

13167: 13155: 13105: 12889: 12755: 12740: 12657: 11374: 10978: 10548: 10242: 10101: 9876: 9258: 9032: 9000:"IFDC Report Indicates Adequate Phosphorus Resources Available to Meet Global Food Demands" 8928: 8798: 8610: 8513: 8168: 7840: 7748: 7703: 7490: 7455: 7240: 6224: 5992: 5728: 5448: 5181: 5142: 4908: 4712:

to destroy Hamburg, the place where the "miraculous bearer of light" was first discovered.

4536: 3773: 3726: 3526: 3369: 3058: 2968: 2787:

is derived from phosphorus, the reaction that gives phosphorus its glow is properly called

2673: 2429: 2326: 1773: 1697: 1649: 11314:, "Elemental Need: Phosphorus helped save our way of life – and now threatens to end it", 9563: 8: 13241: 13231: 13143: 13138: 13011: 12986: 12939: 12914: 12849: 12844: 12794: 12765: 9576: 9017: 7675: 7446:

A. Brown; S. Runquist (1965). "Refinement of the crystal structure of black phosphorus".

6730: 5960: 5930: 5878: 4532: 4422:

from Dresden. Krafft toured much of Europe with it, including England, where he met with

4072:. The phosphazenes arise by treatment of phosphorus pentachloride with ammonium chloride: 3981: 3914: 3879: 3851: 3566: 3106: 2886: 2881:

of 14.3 days, which is used routinely in life-science laboratories, primarily to produce

2857:

of phosphorus have half-lives suitable for biological scientific experiments. These are:

2854: 2029: 1828: 1394: 11259: 10982: 10246: 9880: 9262: 9036: 8932: 8802: 8614: 8517: 8172: 7844: 7752: 7715: 7707: 7494: 7459: 7244: 6269:(ATP), necessary for every cellular process that uses energy. ATP is also important for 2850:

spectroscopy a very useful analytical tool in studies of phosphorus-containing samples.

13191: 12924: 12919: 12868: 12808: 12673: 11206: 11002: 10623: 10519: 10494: 10203: 10178: 9907: 9864: 9676: 9420: 9366: 9320: 8866: 8578: 8553: 7923: 7903: 7864: 7830: 7772: 7738: 7688: 7289: 7264: 6677:(REL) of 0.1 mg/m over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 5 mg/m, phosphorus is 6641:

solution to form harmless compounds that are then washed away. According to the recent

6638: 6472:

after malnutrition) or passing too much of it into the urine. All are characterised by

6469: 6362: 6236: 6109: 6074: 5693: 5516: 4892: 4243: 4203: 4163: 4115: 4066: 3432: 3416: 3161: 2075: 1968: 1684: 1376: 1370: 10434: 6164: 6047:

is a chemical treatment applied to steel parts to improve their corrosion resistance.

3536:. The trichloride, a common reagent, is produced by chlorination of white phosphorus: 12981: 12976: 12951: 12839: 12799: 12784: 12779: 12719: 12707: 12693: 12688: 12225: 11311: 11298: 11265: 11235: 11192: 11114: 11093: 11074: 11047: 10994: 10954: 10914: 10820: 10615: 10605: 10594:

Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

10567: 10524: 10473: 10449: 10384: 10359: 10315: 10208: 10157: 10132: 10107: 10042: 9955: 9947: 9912: 9894: 9843: 9815: 9772: 9680: 9668: 9630: 9605: 9455: 9427: 9373: 9312: 9274: 9134: 9127:

Our Nutrient World: The challenge to produce more food and energy with less pollution

9050: 8978: 8870: 8858: 8850: 8753: 8636: 8583: 8531: 8416: 8327: 8261: 8236: 8142: 8125: 8022: 7927: 7856: 7764: 7557: 7534: 7426: 7376: 7325: 7300: 7256: 7231: 7212: 7165: 7140: 7117: 7109: 7029: 6977: 6952: 6922: 6896: 6861: 6809: 6551:(EFSA) refers to the collective set of information as Dietary Reference Values, with 6278: 6206: 6194: 6157: 6121: 5824: 5791: 5755:), and the bulk of all phosphorus production is in concentrated phosphoric acids for 5198:

The countries with most phosphate rock commercial reserves (in billion metric tons):

5180:

Unprocessed phosphate rock has a concentration of 1.7–8.7% phosphorus by mass (4–20%

5137:

Phosphate rock mined in the United States, 1900–2015 (data from US Geological Survey)

4771: 4612: 4540: 4528: 3672: 3015: 2847: 2788: 2683: 2145: 1918: 1909: 1863: 1691: 1606: 1596: 881: 10990: 9270: 9225: 8940: 8296:

Dictionary of chemistry with its applications to mineralogy, physiology and the arts

7868: 7776: 7480: 7268: 6826: 6163:

Phosphoric acid made from elemental phosphorus is used in food applications such as

5133: 4600:

and other flammable gases produced during the reduction process were burnt off in a

12991: 12956: 12789: 12745: 12731: 12289: 11994: 11823: 11652: 11571: 11490: 11463: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11227: 11066: 11037: 11027: 11006: 10986: 10816: 10702: 10627: 10597: 10562: 10557: 10543: 10514: 10506: 10429: 10250: 10198: 10190: 10176: 9939: 9902: 9884: 9805: 9762: 9660: 9518: 9324: 9304: 9266: 9176:. CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions. 2010. pp. 4–6. Archived from 9084: 9040: 8970: 8936: 8842: 8806: 8626: 8618: 8573: 8565: 8521: 8176: 8093: 7913: 7848: 7760: 7756: 7711: 7651: 7526: 7498: 7463: 7248: 7101: 7073: 6888: 6853: 6801: 6473: 6116:

from match head and striker strip are mixed intimately to make a small quantity of

5799: 5751:

Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient (the most often limiting nutrient, after

5746: 5664: 5388: 5117: 4676: 4379: 4333: 4312:

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the correct spelling of the element is

3799: 3730: 3533: 3141: 2741: 2712: 2697: 2640: 2086: 2071: 1979: 1709: 1352: 1239: 117: 11231: 11186: 10762: 8622: 7597: 7051: 4891:

is a useful construction material. The fluoride is sometimes recovered for use in

3321:. For example, the industrially important pentasodium triphosphate (also known as 1329:

white: 553.7 K (280.5 °C, 536.9 °F)

12683: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11108: 10908: 9481: 7883: 7000: 6709:. For this reason, red and white phosphorus were designated by the United States 6706: 6702: 6694: 6603:

known. A wide range of organophosphorus compounds are used for their toxicity as

6533: 6496: 6270: 6032: 6016: 6008: 5896: 5704: 5660: 5408: 5400: 5365: 5146: 4880: 4742: 4705: 4597: 4521: 4431: 4301: 4052: 4008: 3734: 2784: 2779: 2744:

at which it does. Heat can be applied to drive the reaction at higher pressures.

2267: 2136: 1635: 1565: 9505:

Udawatta, Ranjith P.; Henderson, Gray S.; Jones, John R.; Hammer, David (2011).

9213: 7642:

Vanzee, Richard J.; Khan, Ahsan U. (1976). "The phosphorescence of phosphorus".

5715:

and jams, providing a tangy or sour taste. The phosphoric acid also serves as a

3179: 2378: 12999: 12760: 11354: 11316: 9664: 8830: 8569: 7368: 6504: 6358: 6070: 5787: 5779: 5724: 5369: 5335: 5174: 5094: 4632: 4623: 4513: 4297: 3381: 3050: 3034: 2976: 2727: 2661: 2546: 2204: 2090: 1956: 1737: 1701: 1404: 1288: 286: 10783: 10735: 9790:

Qaseem, A; Dallas, P; Forciea, MA; Starkey, M; et al. (4 November 2014).

7467: 1660: 13225: 12448: 11177: 11070: 11051: 10998: 9951: 9898: 9672: 9278: 9054: 8854: 7887: 7797: 7113: 7077: 6813: 6313: 6309: 6297:

with two of the glycerol hydroxyl (OH) protons replaced by fatty acids as an

6172: 5831: 5468: 5429: 5326: 5318: 5254: 5235: 5116:

Means of commercial phosphorus production besides mining are few because the

5067: 4962:

Monocalcium phosphate is then dehydrated to the corresponding metaphosphate:

4916: 4746: 3650: 3470: 3149: 3110: 3062: 2964: 2894: 2890: 2874: 2862: 2425: 2082: 1963: 1943: 1667: 1324: 1308: 1204: 1051: 10417: 9943: 9889: 9089: 8846: 7918: 7891: 7852: 7252: 5515:. It is based on the conversion of the Si isotope into phosphorus atoms by 2352: 12502: 12331: 12036: 11436: 11369: 10966: 10619: 10528: 10212: 9959: 9916: 9819: 9776: 9767: 9750: 9564:

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater – state-of-the-art and future potential

9316: 9045: 8982: 8862: 8811: 8786: 8640: 8587: 8535: 8097: 7860: 7768: 7538: 7518: 7260: 7121: 6900: 6865: 6612: 6508: 6484: 6465: 6366: 6274: 6198: 6179:. Phosphates are used to improve the characteristics of processed meat and 6078: 5716: 5472: 5444: 5368:

which is still widespread on a global scale) or in rivers or the ocean via

5227: 5223: 5043: 4709: 4672: 4656: 4423: 4375: 4359: 4352: 4106:(RO), a family of polymers is produced with potentially useful properties. 3202:

The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO

2999: 2945: 2843: 2736: 2539: 2472: 2200: 1850: 1816: 1093: 960: 734: 91: 10883: 10589: 10571: 8663: 6976:. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. 6805: 6654: 5329:

people as a source of fertilizer by mining it and transporting it back to

4887:

P, resulting from iron impurities in the mineral precursors. The silicate

4659:

and tracer bullets. A special incendiary bullet was developed to shoot at

12556: 12520: 12511: 12421: 12403: 12394: 11431: 8217: 7943:"Astronomers reveal interstellar thread of one of life's building blocks" 6650: 6316:; and excretion almost exclusively in the form of phosphate ions such as 6210: 6150: 6055: 6004: 5783: 5756: 5434:

The oldest method of recycling phosphorus is through the reuse of animal

5311: 5082: 5059: 4791: 4775: 4652: 4643:

White phosphorus was first made commercially in the 19th century for the

3697: 3610: 3560: 2566: 2330: 2233: 1791: 1135: 1107: 1100: 1030: 1016: 1009: 11166:

Phosphorus Cycle – Terrestrial Phosphorus Cycle, Transport of Phosphorus

10194: 7655: 7007:

1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein,

5346: 4027:

The PN molecule is considered unstable, but is a product of crystalline

3309:. Polyphosphates arise by dehydration of hydrogen phosphates such as HPO 12626: 12565: 12493: 12466: 12439: 12099: 12081: 12054: 11885: 11876: 11042: 10695:"Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)" 10328: 9865:"Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems: Bistability and soil phosphorus" 9070:"Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity" 9018:"Recent revisions of phosphate rock reserves and resources: a critique" 8763: 8631: 8474:"Scientists warn of lack of vital phosphorus as biofuels raise demands" 6794:"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" 6773: 6627: 6616: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6587: 6488: 6202: 6089:, ratified in 1906, prohibited the use of white phosphorus in matches. 5759: 5740: 5520: 5384: 5314: 5063: 4697: 3555:

The trifluoride is produced from the trichloride by halide exchange. PF

3454: 2882: 2842:

is stable and is therefore present at 100% abundance. The half-integer

2534: 2282: 2217: 1142: 1086: 1065: 1044: 783: 769: 748: 620: 613: 77: 51: 11090:

The Shocking history of Phosphorus: A biography of the Devil's Element

11032: 11015: 10736:"CBRNE – Incendiary Agents, White Phosphorus (Smoking Stool Syndrome)" 10254: 9523: 9506: 8974: 7530: 7159: 7105: 6892: 6857: 6575:

The main food sources for phosphorus are the same as those containing

1716: 13113: 12665: 12574: 12547: 12538: 12385: 12367: 12358: 12349: 12135: 12045: 12018: 11966: 11912: 11894: 11858: 11838: 11777: 11714: 11658: 11597: 11586: 11505: 11456: 11446: 11441: 10510: 10104:

Sustainable Phosphorus Management: A Global Transdisciplinary Roadmap

9810: 9791: 9588: 9386: 9170:

CIM DEFINITION STANDARDS - For Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves

8481: 8180: 7515: 7502: 6698: 6556: 6500: 6137: 6012: 5771: 5720: 5412: 5279:. In 2019, the US produced 10 percent of the world's phosphate rock. 5231: 5170: 4763: 4668: 4601: 4581: 3709: 3656: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3098: 3019: 3003: 2944:

ingested, inhaled, or absorbed is readily incorporated into bone and

2878: 2677: 2529: 2524: 2421: 2256: 2229: 2225: 2180: 2169: 2149: 2141: 2098: 2008: 1985: 1923: 1785: 1641: 1227: 1149: 1128: 1121: 1002: 988: 981: 974: 811: 741: 720: 683: 641: 627: 599: 581: 537: 488: 444: 400: 391: 331: 168: 10784:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phosphorus (yellow)" 9308: 9224:

American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #V33A-1161.

8702:"Phosphate Rock Statistics and Information | U.S. Geological Survey" 8526: 8501: 7134: 6216:

P and P are used as radioactive tracers in biochemical laboratories.

5479:. This includes the extraction of phosphorus rich materials such as 5161:

Global distribution of commercial reserves of rock phosphate in 2016

4426:. The secret—that the substance was made from urine—leaked out, and 12529: 12430: 12313: 12295: 12270: 12261: 12234: 12207: 12171: 12162: 12144: 12072: 12063: 11957: 11829: 11795: 11705: 11696: 11687: 11678: 11633: 11552: 11534: 11469: 9452:

The Great Guano Rush: Entrepreneurs and American Overseas Expansion

7947: 7908: 7743: 7687:

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017).

6631: 6294: 6190: 6167:, and as a starting point for food grade phosphates. These include 5752: 5708: 5480: 5074: 5047: 4995: 4904: 4693: 4664: 4660: 4589: 4574: 4103: 3129: 2806: 2773: 2716: 2705: 2701: 2618: 2212: 2161: 2153: 1161: 1114: 1037: 946: 932: 916: 909: 888: 867: 839: 832: 818: 762: 755: 676: 574: 551: 481: 474: 467: 460: 428: 368: 354: 306: 10601: 10596:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 146–189. 10465: 10314:. Post Falls Idaho US: Pyrotechnica Publications. pp. 74–84. 9107:, Global Status of Phosphorus Conference, Malmö, Sweden (based on 7835: 7228: 6563:

RDA. A table of the old and new adult daily values is provided at

6003:. Organophosphorus compounds have many applications, including in 4434:. Godfrey later made a business of the manufacture of phosphorus. 2411:

White phosphorus is the least stable, the most reactive, the most

2390: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12484: 12475: 12457: 12412: 12340: 12322: 12252: 12198: 12180: 12153: 12126: 12108: 12090: 12000: 11930: 11903: 11867: 11849: 11813: 11804: 11786: 11768: 11667: 11606: 11496: 11451: 11323: 11110:

The 13th Element: The Sordid Tale of Murder, Fire, and Phosphorus

10495:"Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it" 10492: 10177:

Hughes, J. P. W; Baron, R.; Buckland, D. H.; et al. (1962).

7881: 6576: 6305: 6082: 5452: 5439: 5317:

to Europe after having discovered it on islands off the coast of

5239: 5211: 5199: 5106: 5090: 5055: 5046:. The term is used in an equivalent way to the better-known term 4584: 4367: 4035:

PN is considered unstable, and phosphorus nitride halogens like F

3721: 3090: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3054: 3046: 2687: 2595: 2416: 2334: 2165: 2157: 2121: 1346: 1180: 1173: 1079: 1072: 1058: 1023: 967: 953: 902: 860: 846: 825: 804: 790: 776: 706: 655: 634: 606: 592: 565: 558: 544: 530: 451: 407: 324: 9295:

Gilbert, Natasha (8 October 2009). "The disappearing nutrient".

8321: 7090: 6669:) in the workplace at 0.1 mg/m over an 8-hour workday. The 6069:

The first striking match with a phosphorus head was invented by

3605: 3577:(also called tetraphosphorus hexoxide) is the anhydride of P(OH) 2967:

personal, clothing, and surface contamination is also required.

2664:

is polymeric in structure. It can be viewed as a derivative of P

2364: 2262:

For both pure and applied uses, the most important allotrope is

1319:

red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)

16:

This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see

12376: 12304: 12189: 12117: 12027: 12009: 11975: 11939: 11921: 11750: 11741: 11732: 11624: 11577: 11543: 11525: 11480: 10039:

Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses

9422:

The World's Greatest Fix: A History of Nitrogen and Agriculture

8666:. Memorial University of Newfoundland and the C.R.B. Foundation 6790: 6690: 6620: 6265:. Living cells use phosphate to transport cellular energy with 6257:. Phosphorus plays a major role in the structural framework of 6180: 5835: 5435: 5247: 5243: 5219: 5078: 4688: 4680: 4593: 4348: 4321: 4199: 3388: 3145: 3137: 3086: 2930: 2690:

discovered that when phosphorus was recrystallised from molten

2458: 2109: 1750: 1588: 1317: (44.15 °C, 111.5 °F) 1314: 1188: 995: 939: 853: 797: 727: 713: 690: 662: 648: 516: 509: 502: 421: 384: 361: 347: 315: 63: 6919:

Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements

6277:

are the main structural components of all cellular membranes.

6112:, an oxygen-releasing compound. When struck, small amounts of 5659:

In practice, the silicon is typically placed near or inside a

3532:. These materials are moisture sensitive, hydrolysing to give 135: 12590: 12279: 11984: 11642: 11516: 10339:

sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchrödterBettermannStaffelWahl (

9124:

Sutton, M.A.; Bleeker, A.; Howard, C.M.; et al. (2013).

9123: 6596: 6298: 6064: 6036: 6028: 5731:, especially in those who have had kidney stones previously. 5351: 5307: 5288: 5276: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5141:

The peak phosphorus concept is connected with the concept of

5110: 5102: 5098: 4767: 4725: 4644: 4608: 4517: 4363: 4293: 3496:

indicates that this bonding involves only s- and p-orbitals.

3466: 3133: 3125: 3118: 3094: 2972: 2208: 2131: 1301: 923: 697: 435: 340: 10270:"Industrial disease due to certain poisonous fumes or gases" 9504: 7369:

Egon Wiberg; Nils Wiberg; Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001).

7322:

Nanostructured Photocatalysts: Advanced Functional Materials

6464:

In medicine, phosphate deficiency syndrome may be caused by

3581:, the minor tautomer of phosphorous acid. The structure of P 3061:, about 50 percent of the global phosphorus reserves are in 12243: 12216: 11759: 11723: 11561: 11251:

The Story of 100 years of Phosphorus Making: 1851–1951

8914: 7728: 6678: 6492: 6282: 6254: 5712: 5330: 5051: 4888: 4573:) is found in bones by obtaining elemental phosphorus from 3423:

is a colourless solid which has an ionic formulation of PCl

3102: 3011: 2691: 2176: 2144:

of the white (but not red) phosphorus—a process now called

1267: 895: 874: 523: 495: 375: 138: 11219: 10334: 10129:

Encyclopedia and Handbook of Materials, Parts and Finishes

9789: 9649: 8915:

Walan, P.; Davidsson, S.; Johansson, S.; Höök, M. (2014).

7063: 4592:

in an iron pot, and distilling off phosphorus vapour in a

3325:, STPP) is produced industrially by the megatonne by this 2740:

phosphorus does not glow at all; there is only a range of

126: 11948: 11363: 11134: 10076: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10058: 9392: 8828: 8600: 6262: 6258: 5711:) is used to acidify foods and beverages such as various 5377: 5354:, once one of the world's major sources of phosphate rock 4332:

compounds, phosphorus forms phosphorous compounds (e.g.,

3725:

only nine are commercially important, and three of them,

2911: 2266:, often abbreviated WP. White phosphorus is a soft, waxy 2192: 2188: 669: 185:

white, red and violet are waxy, black is metallic-looking

9230: 9016:

Edixhoven, J. D.; Gupta, J.; Savenije, H. H. G. (2014).

6528:(IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and 5341: 5152: 3504:

All four symmetrical trihalides are well known: gaseous

11264:. Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. 3. Pergamon. 10660:

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals

9368:

The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals

9248: 5085:, but only a few countries have significant commercial 10106:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 175. 10055: 9575:

Hultman, B., Levlin, E., Plaza, E., Stark, K. (2003).

9015: 8784: 8292: 8255: 7139:(illustrated ed.). CRC Press, 1992. p. 399. 4762:

which is energy intensive. Presently, about 1,000,000

3453:

is not known. The pentachloride and pentafluoride are

2108:. White phosphorus emits a faint glow when exposed to 10584: 9629:. Electrochemical Society Proceedings. Vol. 98. 9242: 8785:

Edixhoven, J.D.; Gupta, J.; Savenije, H.H.G. (2013).

8502:"Be persuasive. Be brave. Be arrested (if necessary)" 8058: 7135:

Welford C. Roberts; William R. Hartley (1992-06-16).

6671:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6189:, called "WP" (slang term "Willie Peter") is used in 5531: 5169:

is dependent on knowing the total world's commercial

4320:

is the adjectival form of the P valence: so, just as

4198:

Treatment of phosphorus trihalides with alcohols and

2325:

or cluster bonding, that is the electrons are highly

2207:. Elemental phosphorus was first isolated from human 155: 141: 132: 129: 123: 13267:

Chemical elements with body-centered cubic structure

11170:

Continents to the Ocean, The Marine Phosphorus Cycle

11150:. Nlm.nih.gov (2011-11-07). Retrieved on 2011-11-19. 11148:

Phosphorus in diet: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

11135:

Heckenmüller, M.; Narita, D.; Klepper, G. (2014). "

10965: 9562:

Sartorius, C., von Horn, J., Tettenborn, F. (2011).

8824: 8822: 8727: 8552:

Geeson, Michael B.; Cummins, Christopher C. (2020).

7023: 5719:. Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid, including 2344:

Crystalline structures of some phosphorus allotropes

2085:

15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms,

11059:Diskowski, Herbert; Hofmann, Thomas. "Phosphorus". 10493:Mehanna H. M.; Moledina J.; Travis J. (June 2008). 10397: 10036: 9695:"Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers" 8435:

The White Phosphorus Matches Prohibition Act, 1908.

8001:"You Need Phosphorus to Live—and We're Running Out" 7686: 7445: 3600: 3002:, which confirmed that this element is produced in 120: 10309: 9929: 9419: 9365: 8274: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7288: 6241:Inorganic phosphorus in the form of the phosphate 5823:O) produced reacting sulfuric acid and water with 5651: 5173:reserves and resources, especially in the form of 4531:recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777 after 2731:White phosphorus exposed to air glows in the dark. 9839:Nutrient Dynamics for Sustainable Crop Production 8890:"USGS, Phosphate Rock Statistics and Information" 8819: 8737: 8735: 8322:Robert B. Heimann; Hans D. Lehmann (2015-03-10). 7896:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 7689:"The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" 7324:. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 295–312 (301). 7160:Marie-Thérèse Averbuch-Pouchot; A. Durif (1996). 3633:ion, P. These compounds react with water to form 2175:Phosphorus is an element essential to sustaining 1768: = 0.43755 nm (at 20 °C) 13223: 10884:"21 USC, Chapter 13 (Controlled Substances Act)" 10832: 10830: 10544:"Calcium, Phosphorus and Human Bone Development" 10225: 10151: 9627:High Resistivity NTD Production and Applications 9105:Phosphorus a Limited Resource – Closing the Loop 9068:Rockström, J.; Steffen, K.; et al. (2009). 9067: 8415:. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 1486–1489. 8079:"Chemical Bonding in Higher Main Group Elements" 6912: 6910: 6149:Phosphates are used to make special glasses for 5325:deep. The guano had previously been used by the 4770:) of elemental phosphorus is produced annually. 10378: 10087:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDiskowskiHofmann ( 9869:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 9856: 8741: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8340: 8017:Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., 7619: 5491: 5475:of the sewage sludge or from other products of 5282: 4879:Side products from the thermal process include 4649:submerged-arc furnace for phosphorus production 1724: = 1.869 nm (at 20 °C) 11223:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 11062:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 10353: 10267: 9109:USGS Phosphate Rock Statistics and Information 8963:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8732: 8723: 8721: 8690:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. p. 411. 8373: 8256:Baccini, Peter; Paul H. Brunner (2012-02-10). 8076: 7820: 7420: 7395: 6995: 6993: 6878: 6843: 6665:(OSHA) has set the phosphorus exposure limit ( 6285:. Biochemists commonly use the abbreviation "P 5496:The above routes refer to "production" in the 4818:product, being volatile, is readily isolated: 4292:in Ancient Greece was the name for the planet 1341:violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F) 12642: 11339: 11295:Albright & Wilson. The Last 50 years 10827: 10806: 10486: 10466:Bernhardt, Nancy E.; Kasko, Artur M. (2008). 9540:"Sewage Industry Fights Phosphorus Pollution" 9487: 9226:Mass and Composition of the Continental Crust 8831:"Soil and human security in the 21st century" 8778: 8551: 8361: 8213:"Experts Warn of Impending Phosphorus Crisis" 7934: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7286: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7084: 6951:(86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 6907: 6663:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 6027:Phosphorus is also an important component in 5834:and the greatest industrial use of elemental 4994:When ignited to a white heat (~1300 °C) with 4147: 4055:. For example, compounds of the formula (PNCl 3435:geometry when molten or in the vapour phase. 2950:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2044: 1251: 11154: 11058: 11013: 10851: 10126: 10082: 9923: 9624: 9236: 9011: 9009: 8960: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8385: 8379: 8031: 7970:"Phosphate Rock: Statistics and Information" 7551: 7401: 7353: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7047: 7045: 6697:, which is a reagent effective for reducing 6487:for plants, which is studied extensively in 4336:) and P valence phosphoric compounds (e.g., 3621: 3040: 3018:could be up to 100 times higher than in the 2998:In 2013, astronomers detected phosphorus in 2491:Properties of some allotropes of phosphorus 2183:, compounds containing the phosphate ion, PO 1659: 11014:Cordell, Dana; White, Stuart (2011-10-24). 10303: 9653:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 8994: 8992: 8750:International Fertilizer Development Center 8745:World Phosphate Rock Reserves and Resources 8718: 8303: 8207: 8205: 7556:(2 ed.). CRC Press, 2003. p. 11. 7024:A. Holleman; N. Wiberg (1985). "XV 2.1.3". 6990: 6941: 6921:. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. 5193:International Fertilizer Development Center 3415:is a colourless gas and the molecules have 2119: 2113: 2112:—hence a name, taken from Greek mythology, 12649: 12635: 11346: 11332: 10290: 9290: 9288: 8683: 8326:. John Wiley & Sons, 2015. p. 4. 7680: 7667: 7665: 7641: 7338: 7005:Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 6519: 6160:) is used in the production of fine china. 5955:Manufacturing of additives and pesticides 5610: 4031:decomposition at 1100 K. Similarly, H 2404:relative orientations of the constituent P 2051: 2037: 1886: 1879: 1749: 1715: 173:white, red, violet, black and others (see 25:Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P) 11248: 11041: 11031: 10952: 10561: 10518: 10469:Nutrition for the Middle Aged and Elderly 10433: 10418:"Enzymatic Synthesis of Acetyl Phosphate" 10228:"A history of the match industry. Part 9" 10202: 10070: 10009:"Managing Phosphorus for Crop Production" 9906: 9888: 9862: 9809: 9766: 9697:. Foods Standards Agency. 14 March 2012. 9522: 9445: 9443: 9119: 9117: 9088: 9044: 9006: 8908: 8894:Phosphate Rock Statistics and Information 8877: 8810: 8630: 8577: 8525: 8396: 8367: 8309: 8299:. Rich. Griffin and Company. p. 416. 8064: 8037: 7917: 7907: 7834: 7742: 7722: 7375:. Academic Press. pp. 683–684, 689. 7364: 7362: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7178: 7137:Drinking Water Health Advisory: Munitions 7042: 6916: 5585: 5566: 5549: 5394: 4102:When the chloride groups are replaced by 3667:) are structural analogues of ammonia (NH 2309:molecules. The nature of bonding in this 12656: 10699:Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) 10578: 10541: 10274:Archives of the Public Health Laboratory 9748: 8989: 8499: 8467: 8465: 8324:Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants 8233:The Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry 8230: 8202: 7998: 7875: 7094:Journal of the American Chemical Society 6846:Journal of the American Chemical Society 6784: 6679:immediately dangerous to life and health 6586: 6459: 6352: 6054: 6022: 5987:White phosphorus is widely used to make 5345: 5156: 5132: 5033: 4719: 4512: 4347: 3604: 3178: 2726: 12446: 11185:Sommers, Michael A. (2007-08-15). 11184: 11139:". Kiel Working Paper no. 1897. 10670: 10415: 10219: 9981:United States Department of Agriculture 9835: 9783: 9687: 9393:Heckenmüller, Narita & Klepper 2014 9294: 9285: 7671: 7662: 7421:Hammond, C. R. (2000). "The Elements". 7019: 7017: 6684: 4370:, Brand attempted to create the fabled 3485:), which is approximately tetrahedral. 3077:. 85% of Earth's known reserves are in 13224: 12500: 12329: 12034: 11292: 11163: 11146: 11106: 11087: 10906: 10753: 10751: 10723: 10666:, European Food Safety Authority, 2006 10403: 10310:Alexander P. Hardt (2001). "Matches". 10152:Joseph R. Davisz, ed. (January 2001). 9831: 9829: 9599: 9449: 9440: 9363: 9357: 9337: 9114: 8594: 8554:"Let's Make White Phosphorus Obsolete" 8402: 8280: 8193: 7630: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7359: 7319: 7275: 7057: 6974:CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 6015:, extraction agents, nerve agents and 5815:), and calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 5465:enhanced biological phosphorus removal 5062:is a key ingredient in many inorganic 3442:is an unstable solid formulated as PBr 12630: 12554: 12518: 12509: 12419: 12401: 12392: 11327: 11253:. Oldbury: Albright & Wilson Ltd. 11155:Parkes, G. D.; Mellor, J. W. (1939). 10927: 9537: 9493: 9417: 9411: 8954: 8921:Resources, Conservation and Recycling 8547: 8545: 8471: 8462: 8235:. New York: Dover. pp. 418–419. 8158: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7882:Rivilla, V. M.; Drozdovskaya, M. N.; 7439: 7164:. World Scientific, 1996. p. 3. 6971: 6945:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 6774:"Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus" 5908:Manufacture of phosphate fertilisers 5463:Sewage treatment plants that have an 5342:Phosphorus conservation and recycling 5270:Phosphate mining in the United States 5153:Estimates of world phosphate reserves 4508: 4128:is used in strike-anywhere matches. P 3294: 1997: 1994: 1972: 1967: 1955: 1952: 12563: 12491: 12464: 12437: 12097: 12079: 12052: 11883: 11874: 10876: 10280:. Manchester University Press: 1–21. 9749:Moynihan, P. J. (23 November 2002). 8187: 7962: 7554:Synthesis of Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds 7014: 7009:A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 6649:seen as luminescent spots. Promptly 6211:M34 White Phosphorus US hand grenade 5762:, containing as much as 70% to 75% P 4898: 4667:over Britain (hydrogen being highly 2918:The high-energy beta particles from 2722: 12572: 12545: 12536: 12383: 12365: 12356: 12347: 12133: 12043: 12016: 11964: 11910: 11892: 11856: 11836: 11775: 11712: 11613: 11595: 11584: 11503: 11257: 11157:Mellor's Modern Inorganic Chemistry 10928:Burns, Melinda (10 February 2010). 10748: 10379:David A. Atwood, ed. (2013-02-19). 9826: 9751:"Dietary advice in dental practice" 9701:from the original on 21 August 2013 8742:Van Kauwenbergh, Steven J. (2010). 8603:Journal of Environmental Management 8412:Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 8346: 8049: 7940: 7407: 6289:" to refer to inorganic phosphate. 6273:, a key regulatory event in cells. 6253:is required for all known forms of 6209:. It is also a part of an obsolete 5982: 5165:The accurate determination of peak 4696:of the bones of the jaw, known as " 3597:without the terminal oxide groups. 3049:, usually as phosphates. Inorganic 2203:, complex compounds fundamental to 1524: 1447: 13: 12527: 12428: 12311: 12293: 12268: 12259: 12232: 12205: 12160: 12142: 12070: 12061: 11955: 11827: 11793: 11703: 11685: 11676: 11656: 11631: 11353: 11286: 10899: 10156:. ASM International. p. 181. 9731:from the original on 2 August 2021 9625:Schmidt, P. E.; Vedde, J. (1998). 9604:. Wiley-Interscience. p. 32. 9589:http://nrl.mit.edu/facilities/ntds 8728:Cordell, Drangert & White 2009 8542: 8211:Schmundt, Hilmar (21 April 2010), 7999:Philpott, Tom (March–April 2013). 7983: 6230: 6127: 5891:Animal food additive, toothpowder 5679: 5639: 5593: 5577: 5574: 5545: 5542: 5029: 4752: 4065:exist mainly as rings such as the 3499: 3477:. The most important oxyhalide is 2239: 1620:3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol 1614:1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol 1399:white: 23.824 J/(mol·K) 14: 13283: 12482: 12473: 12455: 12410: 12320: 12250: 12223: 12196: 12178: 12169: 12151: 12124: 12106: 12088: 11998: 11928: 11901: 11865: 11811: 11802: 11784: 11766: 11694: 11665: 11604: 11550: 11532: 11494: 11467: 10037:Jessica Elzea Kogel, ed. (2006). 9364:Pollan, Michael (11 April 2006). 8500:Grantham, Jeremy (Nov 12, 2012). 8021:, Wiley, 1985, 20th ed., p. 360, 7644:The Journal of Physical Chemistry 7423:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 7026:Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 4618: 3663:) and its organic derivatives (PR 3132:and (in the latter 19th century) 12374: 12338: 12302: 12187: 12115: 12025: 12007: 11937: 11919: 11847: 11748: 11739: 11730: 11575: 11478: 10800: 10776: 10728: 10717: 10687: 10651: 10634: 10535: 10472:. Nova Publishers. p. 171. 10459: 10442: 10409: 10381:Radionuclides in the Environment 10372: 10347: 10284: 10261: 10170: 10145: 10120: 10095: 10030: 10001: 9966: 9742: 9713: 9643: 9618: 9600:Baliga, B. Jayant (1987-03-10). 9593: 9582: 9569: 9556: 9531: 9498: 8260:. MIT Press, 2012. p. 288. 8258:Metabolism of the Anthroposphere 6742: 6689:Phosphorus can reduce elemental 6491:to understand plant uptake from 6143: 5770:. That led to large increase in 5687: 5458: 5423: 5263: 4679:made of phosphorus dissolved in 4386:("miraculous bearer of light"). 3601:Phosphorus(I) and phosphorus(II) 3174: 2877:-emitter (1.71 MeV) with a 2389: 2377: 2363: 2351: 2321:tetrahedron can be described by 2187:. Phosphates are a component of 2148:. Phosphorus is classified as a 2024: 2023: 1617:2nd: 1907 kJ/mol 1492: 1415: 116: 90: 76: 62: 50: 12277: 11982: 11973: 11640: 11622: 11541: 11523: 11258:Toy, Arthur D. F. (1975). 11107:Emsley, John (7 January 2002). 10991:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009 10383:. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. 10356:Special Warfare Special Weapons 9538:Tweed, Katherine (2009-11-01). 9468: 9398: 9331: 9271:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.004 9218: 9207: 9195: 9161: 9097: 9061: 8941:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.10.011 8694: 8677: 8656: 8647: 8493: 8438: 8429: 8352: 8315: 8293:Thomson, Robert Dundas (1870). 8286: 8249: 8224: 8152: 8135: 8118: 8070: 8043: 8011: 7814: 7783: 7635: 7608:from the original on 2009-02-21 7590: 7570: 7545: 7509: 7474: 7313: 7222: 7153: 7128: 7001:Memoir on Combustion in General 6755: 6711:Drug Enforcement Administration 6570: 6043:resistance than normal copper. 5674: 5189:United States Geological Survey 5093:(including reserves located in 4655:, it was used in incendiaries, 4638: 4338:phosphoric acids and phosphates 3613:, a derivative of phosphorus(I) 3492:orbitals. Computer modeling of 3266: 3234: 1778:white: 0.236 W/(m⋅K) 12241: 12214: 11757: 11721: 11559: 11514: 11249:Threlfall, Richard E. (1951). 10809:Forensic Science International 9863:Carpenter, Stephen R. (2005). 7761:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502 6965: 6935: 6872: 6837: 6820: 6766: 6582: 6549:European Food Safety Authority 6530:Recommended Dietary Allowances 6357:The main component of bone is 5873:Baking powder and fertilisers 5643: 5611: 5581: 5562: 5550: 4735: 3737:, are particularly important. 3183:The tetrahedral structure of P 3025:In 2020, astronomers analysed 2118:meaning 'light-bearer' (Latin 1811: cm/mol (293 K) 1780:black: 12.1 W/(m⋅K) 1601:Pauling scale: 2.19 1: 11946: 11232:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3 11211:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 10542:Anderson, John J. B. (1996). 10435:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43172-9 10235:Journal of Chemical Education 9450:Skaggs, Jimmy M. (May 1995). 8687:Manual of chemical technology 8623:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007 8161:Journal of Chemical Education 7716:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001 7162:Topics in Phosphate Chemistry 7028:(33rd ed.). de Gruyter. 7011:(New York: McGraw Hill, 1952) 6760: 6538:tolerable upper intake levels 6031:production, in the making of 5995:and two phosphorus sulfides, 5734: 5128: 4715: 3559:is toxic because it binds to 3170:Category:Phosphorus compounds 3053:, which is partially made of 2982: 2846:and high abundance of P make 2244: 1800:Molar magnetic susceptibility 1389:white: 51.9 kJ/mol 1363:violet: 2.36 g/cm 10821:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90104-7 10563:10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1153S 10358:. Chicago: Emperor's Press. 7425:(81st ed.). CRC press. 6514: 6045:Phosphate conversion coating 5492:Neutron transmutation doping 5283:Exhaustion of guano reserves 4911:in bone ash is converted to 4724:Mining of phosphate rock in 4343: 4283: 4238:Similar reactions occur for 3155: 2809:of phosphorus, ranging from 1758: = 0.33137 nm 7: 11261:The Chemistry of Phosphorus 10971:Global Environmental Change 10293:International Labour Review 10127:Mel Schwartz (2016-07-06). 9797:Annals of Internal Medicine 9426:. Oxford University Press. 9251:Global Environmental Change 8684:Von Wagner, Rudolf (1897). 8472:Lewis, Leo (23 June 2008). 7552:Robert Engel (2003-12-18). 7483:Journal of Chemical Physics 6917:Arblaster, John W. (2018). 6724: 6553:Population Reference Intake 6483:Phosphorus is an essential 6281:salts assist in stiffening 5938:Manufacture of plasticiser 5692:Phosphorus is an essential 5358: 4307:Phosphorus-the-morning-star 4109: 4051:PN oligomerise into cyclic 4022: 3715: 3696:. The highly flammable gas 3166:Category:Phosphate minerals 3059:US Geological Survey (USGS) 3014:ratio in material from the 2993: 2989:Category:Phosphate minerals 2794: 2487:dissociates into atomic P. 2093:, but because it is highly 1860:Recognised as an element by 1790:white, red, violet, black: 1763: = 1.0477 nm 1365:black: 2.69 g/cm 18:Phosphorus (disambiguation) 10: 13288: 11845: 11674: 11593: 11512: 11476: 11378: 10041:. SME, 2006. p. 964. 9665:10.1007/s11998-022-00685-z 8748:. Muscle Shoals, AL, USA: 8570:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00332 8086:Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl 6798:Pure and Applied Chemistry 6715:List I precursor chemicals 6675:Recommended exposure limit 6667:Permissible exposure limit 6599:are among the most potent 6526:U.S. Institute of Medicine 6234: 6062: 6050: 5989:organophosphorus compounds 5744: 5738: 5427: 5286: 5267: 4588:mixed with ground coal or 4278: 4154:organophosphorus compounds 4151: 4148:Organophosphorus compounds 4113: 3159: 2986: 2798: 2248: 2222:organophosphorus compounds 1228:group 15 (pnictogens) 589: 457: 397: 337: 312: 15: 13030: 12664: 12588: 12288: 11993: 11822: 11651: 11570: 11489: 11462: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11373: 11368: 11361: 11297:. Studley: Brewin Books. 11159:. Longman's Green and Co. 11113:. John Wiley & Sons. 10226:Crass, M. F. Jr. (1941). 9842:. Springer. p. 217. 7468:10.1107/S0365110X65004140 6542:Dietary Reference Intakes 6495:systems. Phosphorus is a 5696:for humans listed in the 5145:. Phosphorus, as part of 4432:Ambrose Godfrey-Hanckwitz 3622:Phosphides and phosphines 3081:with smaller deposits in 3041:Crust and organic sources 3008:supernova nucleosynthesis 2114: 2022: 2018: 1991: 1962: 1949: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1870: 1859: 1844: 1839: 1827: 1815: 1798: 1784: 1772: 1744: 1728: 1708: 1690: 1680: 1675: 1658: 1648: 1634: 1605: 1595: 1564: 1559: 1482: 1403: 1393: 1383: 1369: 1361:red: ≈2.2–2.34 g/cm 1345: 1333: 1323: 1307: 1287: 1282: 1274: 1260: 1245: 1233: 1221: 1202: 1179: 292: 284: 280: 269: 262: 258: 254: 209: 193: 189: 181: 167: 111: 106: 39: 13272:Peak resource production 11071:10.1002/14356007.a19_505 10907:Beatty, Richard (2000). 10556:(4 Suppl): 1153S–1158S. 10154:Copper and Copper Alloys 9511:Journal of Water Science 9237:Cordell & White 2011 8380:Parkes & Mellor 1939 8231:Stillman, J. M. (1960). 7737:(6): 062502–1–062502–6. 7402:Parkes & Mellor 1939 7354:Parkes & Mellor 1939 7078:10.1002/cber.19971300911 6736: 6095:phosphorus sesquisulfide 6001:phosphorus sesquisulfide 5698:Dietary Reference Intake 4296:and is derived from the 3511:, the yellowish liquids 3494:molecular orbital theory 3411:are common compounds. PF 3124:Organic sources, namely 2251:Allotropes of phosphorus 175:Allotropes of phosphorus 11226:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 11065:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 10354:Dockery, Kevin (1997). 10268:Oliver, Thomas (1906). 10083:Diskowski & Hofmann 9944:10.1126/science.1167755 9890:10.1073/pnas.0503959102 9203:Phosphorus Soil Samples 9201:U.S. Geological Survey 9090:10.5751/ES-03180-140232 8847:10.1126/science.1261071 8664:"ERCO and Long Harbour" 8077:Kutzelnigg, W. (1984). 7941:ESO (15 January 2020). 7853:10.1126/science.1243823 7731:Physical Review Letters 7291:Semiconductor materials 7253:10.1126/science.1129630 6832:Encyclopædia Britannica 6630:". White phosphorus is 6520:Dietary recommendations 6177:sodium tripolyphosphate 6133:Sodium tripolyphosphate 6039:) alloys with a higher 5997:phosphorus pentasulfide 5798:Therefore, the natural 5723:, are sometimes called 5513:semiconductor detectors 5477:sewage sludge treatment 5374:sewage treatment plants 4907:. In this process, the 4702:Berne Convention (1906) 4635:" fertiliser products. 4539:, in 1769, showed that 4202:gives phosphites, e.g. 3323:sodium tripolyphosphate 2255:Phosphorus has several 10913:. Marshall Cavendish. 9768:10.1038/sj.bdj.4801628 9755:British Dental Journal 9454:. St. Martin's Press. 9404:US Geological Survey, 9103:Arno Rosemarin (2016) 9046:10.5194/esd-5-491-2014 8812:10.5194/esd-5-491-2014 8098:10.1002/anie.198402721 7287:Berger, L. I. (1996). 6972:Weast, Robert (1984). 6592: 6565:Reference Daily Intake 6267:adenosine triphosphate 6060: 6041:hydrogen embrittlement 5653: 5395:Agricultural practices 5355: 5304:Alexander von Humboldt 5162: 5138: 5039: 4728: 4525: 4520:mining in the Central 4355: 4240:phosphorus oxychloride 4100: 3952:tripolyphosphoric acid 3614: 3479:phosphorus oxychloride 3199: 3033:data from the massive 2801:Isotopes of phosphorus 2732: 2120: 1872:Isotopes of phosphorus 1823:red: 11 GPa 1696:α-white: 1664: 1262:Electron configuration 195:Standard atomic weight 11293:Podger, Hugh (2002). 11141:Accessed 11 May 2020. 11092:. London: MacMillan. 11088:Emsley, John (2000). 10586:Institute of Medicine 9418:Leigh, G. J. (2004). 9214:Abundance of Elements 9025:Earth System Dynamics 8791:Earth System Dynamics 7919:10.1093/mnras/stz3336 7295:. CRC Press. p. 6806:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 6590: 6460:Phosphorus deficiency 6353:Bone and teeth enamel 6225:n-type semiconductors 6169:monocalcium phosphate 6058: 6023:Metallurgical aspects 5991:through intermediate 5844:Widely used compounds 5654: 5420:fertilizing methods. 5349: 5268:Further information: 5160: 5136: 5037: 4913:monocalcium phosphate 4760:submerged-arc furnace 4723: 4628:James Burgess Readman 4516: 4351: 4074: 4070:hexachlorophosphazene 3608: 3567:Phosphorus(III) oxide 3327:condensation reaction 3182: 2948:. For these reasons, 2771:Since its discovery, 2730: 2471:at 1100 K gives 2465:Thermal decomposition 2323:spherical aromaticity 2126:), referring to the " 1663: 1575:, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, 13252:Polyatomic nonmetals 12658:Phosphorus compounds 10930:"The Story of P(ee)" 10765:on November 22, 2005 10724:"Phosphorus in diet" 10549:Journal of Nutrition 10416:Lipmann, D. (1944). 10013:Penn State Extension 9836:Etesami, H. (2019). 9602:Modern Power Devices 9002:. 22 September 2010. 8752:(IFDC). p. 60. 8019:Manual of Mineralogy 6685:US DEA List I status 6591:Phosphorus explosion 6183:, and in toothpaste. 5993:phosphorus chlorides 5790:(overenrichment) of 5529: 5295:Garcilaso de la Vega 5182:phosphorus pentoxide 5143:planetary boundaries 4909:tricalcium phosphate 4883:, a crude form of Fe 4537:Carl Wilhelm Scheele 4384:phosphorus mirabilis 3915:polyphosphoric acids 3893: = 3,4,6) 3880:metaphosphoric acids 3823:metaphosphorous acid 3774:hypophosphorous acid 3727:hypophosphorous acid 3708:) is an analogue of 3433:trigonal bipyramidal 3417:trigonal bipyramidal 3370:Phosphorus pentoxide 3140:, using methods for 3109:in the UK and their 3010:. The phosphorus-to- 2855:radioactive isotopes 2674:van der Waals forces 2672:molecules linked by 2430:phosphorus pentoxide 2030:Category: Phosphorus 1833:7723-14-0 (red) 1774:Thermal conductivity 1732:black: 1650:Van der Waals radius 1484:Vapour pressure 1406:Vapour pressure 1385:Heat of vaporisation 10983:2009GEC....19..292C 10838:"66 FR 52670—52675" 10247:1941JChEd..18..428C 10195:10.1136/oem.19.2.83 9938:(5917): 1014–1015. 9881:2005PNAS..10210002C 9875:(29): 10002–10005. 9725:www.coca-cola.co.uk 9544:Scientific American 9338:Ahokas, K. (2015). 9263:2010GEC....20..428V 9183:on 14 February 2019 9077:Ecology and Society 9037:2014ESD.....5..491E 8933:2014RCR....93..178W 8803:2014ESD.....5..491E 8615:2009JEnvM..90.2377T 8558:ACS Central Science 8518:2012Natur.491..303G 8173:1932JChEd...9...11W 7845:2013Sci...342.1346K 7753:2019PhRvL.122f2502N 7708:2017ChPhC..41c0001A 7656:10.1021/j100561a021 7495:1979JChPh..71.1718C 7460:1965AcCry..19..684B 7372:Inorganic chemistry 7245:2006Sci...313.1276P 6881:Inorganic Chemistry 6731:Hubbert peak theory 6507:sometimes leads to 6118:Armstrong's mixture 5921:Manufacture of POCl 5782:, the expansion of 5089:. The top five are 4533:Johan Gottlieb Gahn 4372:philosopher's stone 3982:pyrophosphoric acid 3929: = 1-6) 3852:hypophosphoric acid 3457:. With fluoride, PF 3107:Albright and Wilson 3035:star-forming region 2929:penetrate skin and 2805:There are 22 known 2492: 1607:Ionisation energies 1395:Molar heat capacity 1283:Physical properties 1275:Electrons per shell 276:5.2 (silicon = 100) 83:Dark red and violet 44:Forms of phosphorus 36: 13247:Reactive nonmetals 11312:Kolbert, Elizabeth 11176:July 13, 2011, at 11164:Ruttenberg, K. C. 9974:"Soil Phosphorous" 9480:2010-12-23 at the 8399:, pp. 167–185 8382:, p. 718–720. 7404:, pp. 721–722 7066:Chemische Berichte 6673:(NIOSH) has set a 6639:copper(II) sulfate 6593: 6470:refeeding syndrome 6363:Water fluoridation 6237:Calcium metabolism 6201:as smoke pots and 6110:potassium chlorate 6075:potassium chlorate 6061: 5792:aquatic ecosystems 5649: 5517:neutron absorption 5356: 5350:Phosphate mine on 5299:Comentarios Reales 5163: 5139: 5123:timing of peak oil 5040: 4893:water fluoridation 4842:+ 30 CO + 18 CaSiO 4729: 4526: 4509:Bone ash and guano 4356: 4244:triphenylphosphate 4204:triphenylphosphite 4164:triphenylphosphine 4116:phosphorus sulfide 4029:phosphorus nitride 3615: 3200: 3162:Phosphorus halides 3115:Îles du Connétable 3006:as a byproduct of 2889:, e.g. for use in 2733: 2490: 1835:12185-10-3 (white) 1698:body-centred cubic 1681:Natural occurrence 1671: 1665: 1313:white: 317.3 1186: 1169: 285:Phosphorus in the 28: 13262:Pyrotechnic fuels 13237:Chemical elements 13219: 13218: 12624: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12583: 12582: 11271:978-1-4831-4741-3 11198:978-1-4042-1960-1 11120:978-0-471-44149-6 11033:10.3390/su3102027 11026:(10): 2027–2049. 10940:on 7 January 2012 10840:. 17 October 2001 10611:978-0-309-06403-3 10479:978-1-60456-146-3 10390:978-1-118-63269-7 10255:10.1021/ed018p428 10138:978-1-138-03206-4 10113:978-94-007-7250-2 9849:978-981-13-8660-2 9524:10.7202/1006477ar 9461:978-0-312-12339-0 9433:978-0-19-516582-1 9379:978-1-59420-082-3 9372:. Penguin Press. 9303:(7265): 716–718. 9140:978-1-906698-40-9 8975:10.1002/jsfa.4650 8841:(6235): 1261071. 8766:on 19 August 2018 8759:978-0-88090-167-3 8370:, pp. 81–101 8333:978-3-527-68400-7 8267:978-0-262-30054-4 7696:Chinese Physics C 7650:(20): 2240–2242. 7531:10.1021/ic062192q 7382:978-0-12-352651-9 7331:978-3-319-26077-8 7106:10.1021/ja102580d 7100:(24): 8459–8465. 6928:978-1-62708-155-9 6893:10.1021/ic060186o 6858:10.1021/ja807828t 6279:Calcium phosphate 6207:tracer ammunition 6158:calcium phosphate 6156:Bone-ash (mostly 6122:Gustaf Erik Pasch 5980: 5979: 5825:calcium phosphate 5663:(most commonly a 5411:, and the use of 4899:Historical routes 4772:Calcium phosphate 4677:Molotov cocktails 4673:World War II 4613:Guano Islands Act 4541:calcium phosphate 4529:Antoine Lavoisier 4421: 4020: 4019: 3803:(phosphonic acid) 3673:calcium phosphide 3589:is like that of P 3431:, but adopts the 3105:, and elsewhere. 3016:supernova remnant 3000:Cassiopeia A 2848:phosphorus-31 NMR 2789:chemiluminescence 2742:partial pressures 2723:Chemiluminescence 2684:Violet phosphorus 2659: 2658: 2146:chemiluminescence 2065: 2064: 2014: 2013: 1864:Antoine Lavoisier 1786:Magnetic ordering 1745:Lattice constants 1729:Crystal structure 1692:Crystal structure 1666: 1654:180 pm 1597:Electronegativity 1560:Atomic properties 1554: 1553: 1477: 1476: 1375:white: 0.66 1359:white: 1.823 g/cm 1335:Sublimation point 1198: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1184: 1167: 1157: 1156: 883:Mercury (element) 270:in the 30:Phosphorus, 13279: 13257:Dietary minerals 13022: 12972: 12962: 12935: 12910: 12895: 12885: 12874: 12864: 12835: 12824: 12703: 12651: 12644: 12637: 12628: 12627: 12593: 12592: 12579: 12577: 12570: 12568: 12561: 12559: 12552: 12550: 12543: 12541: 12534: 12532: 12525: 12523: 12516: 12514: 12507: 12505: 12498: 12496: 12489: 12487: 12480: 12478: 12471: 12469: 12462: 12460: 12453: 12451: 12444: 12442: 12435: 12433: 12426: 12424: 12417: 12415: 12408: 12406: 12399: 12397: 12390: 12388: 12381: 12379: 12372: 12370: 12363: 12361: 12354: 12352: 12345: 12343: 12336: 12334: 12327: 12325: 12318: 12316: 12309: 12307: 12300: 12298: 12284: 12282: 12275: 12273: 12266: 12264: 12257: 12255: 12248: 12246: 12239: 12237: 12230: 12228: 12221: 12219: 12212: 12210: 12203: 12201: 12194: 12192: 12185: 12183: 12176: 12174: 12167: 12165: 12158: 12156: 12149: 12147: 12140: 12138: 12131: 12129: 12122: 12120: 12113: 12111: 12104: 12102: 12095: 12093: 12086: 12084: 12077: 12075: 12068: 12066: 12059: 12057: 12050: 12048: 12041: 12039: 12032: 12030: 12023: 12021: 12014: 12012: 12005: 12003: 11989: 11987: 11980: 11978: 11971: 11969: 11962: 11960: 11953: 11951: 11944: 11942: 11935: 11933: 11926: 11924: 11917: 11915: 11908: 11906: 11899: 11897: 11890: 11888: 11881: 11879: 11872: 11870: 11863: 11861: 11854: 11852: 11843: 11841: 11834: 11832: 11818: 11816: 11809: 11807: 11800: 11798: 11791: 11789: 11782: 11780: 11773: 11771: 11764: 11762: 11755: 11753: 11746: 11744: 11737: 11735: 11728: 11726: 11719: 11717: 11710: 11708: 11701: 11699: 11692: 11690: 11683: 11681: 11672: 11670: 11663: 11661: 11647: 11645: 11638: 11636: 11629: 11627: 11620: 11618: 11611: 11609: 11602: 11600: 11591: 11589: 11582: 11580: 11566: 11564: 11557: 11555: 11548: 11546: 11539: 11537: 11530: 11528: 11521: 11519: 11510: 11508: 11501: 11499: 11485: 11483: 11474: 11472: 11364: 11348: 11341: 11334: 11325: 11324: 11308: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11254: 11245: 11216: 11210: 11202: 11181: 11160: 11151: 11143: 11142: 11131: 11129: 11127: 11103: 11084: 11055: 11045: 11035: 11010: 10962: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10936:. Archived from 10924: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10890: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10861:. Archived from 10855: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10834: 10825: 10824: 10804: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10794: 10780: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10761:. Archived from 10755: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10732: 10726: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10701:. Archived from 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10565: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10522: 10511:10.1136/bmj.a301 10505:(7659): 1495–8. 10490: 10484: 10483: 10463: 10457: 10446: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10413: 10407: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10351: 10345: 10344: 10332: 10326: 10325: 10307: 10301: 10300: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10232: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10206: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10080: 10074: 10068: 10053: 10052: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10015:. Archived from 10005: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9995: 9989: 9983:. Archived from 9978: 9970: 9964: 9963: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9910: 9892: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9833: 9824: 9823: 9813: 9811:10.7326/M13-2908 9787: 9781: 9780: 9770: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9647: 9641: 9640: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9597: 9591: 9586: 9580: 9573: 9567: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9535: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9502: 9496: 9491: 9485: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9447: 9438: 9437: 9425: 9415: 9409: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9371: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9351: 9342:. Archived from 9335: 9329: 9328: 9292: 9283: 9282: 9246: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9182: 9175: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9149: 9143:. Archived from 9132: 9121: 9112: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9074: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9048: 9022: 9013: 9004: 9003: 8996: 8987: 8986: 8958: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8886: 8875: 8874: 8826: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8762:. Archived from 8739: 8730: 8725: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8681: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8660: 8654: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8634: 8609:(8): 2377–2386. 8598: 8592: 8591: 8581: 8549: 8540: 8539: 8529: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8489:on 23 July 2011. 8485:. Archived from 8478: 8469: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8450: 8446:"Phosphate Rock" 8442: 8436: 8433: 8427: 8426: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8383: 8377: 8371: 8365: 8359: 8358:US patent 417943 8356: 8350: 8344: 8338: 8337: 8319: 8313: 8312:, pp. 49–66 8307: 8301: 8300: 8290: 8284: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8228: 8222: 8209: 8200: 8191: 8185: 8184: 8181:10.1021/ed009p11 8156: 8150: 8139: 8133: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8106: 8100:. Archived from 8083: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8015: 8009: 8008: 7996: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7977: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7921: 7911: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7838: 7829:(6164): 1346–8. 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7746: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7693: 7684: 7678: 7669: 7660: 7659: 7639: 7633: 7628: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7503:10.1063/1.438523 7489:(4): 1718–1721. 7478: 7472: 7471: 7448:Acta Crystallogr 7443: 7437: 7436: 7418: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7366: 7357: 7351: 7336: 7335: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7294: 7284: 7273: 7272: 7239:(5791): 1276–9. 7226: 7220: 7209: 7176: 7175: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7072:(9): 1235–1240. 7061: 7055: 7049: 7040: 7039: 7021: 7012: 6997: 6988: 6987: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6950: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6914: 6905: 6904: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6841: 6835: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6770: 6750: 6746: 6474:hypophosphatemia 6455: 6454: 6453: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6433: 6432: 6424: 6423: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6391: 6390: 6382: 6381: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6219:Phosphorus is a 6195:incendiary bombs 6193:applications as 6187:White phosphorus 6087:Berne Convention 6009:flame retardants 5983:Organophosphorus 5841: 5840: 5800:phosphorus cycle 5747:Phosphorus cycle 5667:e.g. the one at 5665:research reactor 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5642: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5609: 5608: 5596: 5591: 5590: 5580: 5572: 5571: 5548: 5540: 5539: 5449:fecal–oral route 5389:Soil Association 5324: 5118:phosphorus cycle 4868:+ 10 C → 6 CaSiO 4817: 4816: 4815: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4706:incendiary bombs 4653:World War I 4572: 4571: 4570: 4562: 4561: 4553: 4552: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4476: 4475: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4415: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4400: 4399: 4334:phosphorous acid 4053:polyphosphazenes 3800:phosphorous acid 3740: 3739: 3731:phosphorous acid 3641:, for example Na 3534:phosphorous acid 3525:, and the solid 3241: = 7.25×10 3142:reuse of excreta 2962: 2960: 2959: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2757: 2756: 2715:to evaporate in 2713:carbon disulfide 2698:Black phosphorus 2641:Refractive index 2581: 2574: 2493: 2489: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2442: 2441: 2393: 2381: 2367: 2355: 2345: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2264:white phosphorus 2179:largely through 2152:, together with 2125: 2117: 2116: 2087:white phosphorus 2072:chemical element 2053: 2046: 2039: 2027: 2026: 2005: 2000: 1982: 1975: 1935: 1903: 1902: 1893: 1888: 1881: 1855: 1810: 1808: 1753: 1719: 1710:Lattice constant 1676:Other properties 1586: 1580: 1574: 1566:Oxidation states 1532: 1528: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1488: 1455: 1451: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1411: 1356: 1298: 1297: 1253: 1214: 1213: 1152: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1047: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1005: 998: 991: 984: 977: 970: 963: 956: 949: 942: 935: 926: 919: 912: 905: 898: 891: 884: 877: 870: 863: 856: 849: 842: 835: 828: 821: 814: 807: 800: 793: 786: 779: 772: 765: 758: 751: 744: 737: 730: 723: 716: 709: 700: 693: 686: 679: 672: 665: 658: 651: 644: 637: 630: 623: 616: 609: 602: 595: 584: 577: 568: 561: 554: 547: 540: 533: 526: 519: 512: 505: 498: 491: 484: 477: 470: 463: 454: 447: 438: 431: 424: 417: 410: 403: 394: 387: 378: 371: 364: 357: 350: 343: 334: 327: 318: 309: 303: 302: 298: 297: 294: 293: 242: 240: 233: 232: 229: 225: 222: 219: 205: 163: 158: 150: 148: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 94: 80: 66: 54: 37: 35: 27: 13287: 13286: 13282: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13222: 13221: 13220: 13215: 13211: 13207: 13199: 13195: 13187: 13183: 13175: 13171: 13163: 13159: 13151: 13147: 13134: 13130: 13117: 13109: 13101: 13093: 13085: 13081: 13073: 13065: 13057: 13049: 13041: 13031:Other compounds 13026: 13021: 13017: 13007: 13003: 12995: 12971: 12967: 12961: 12957: 12947: 12943: 12934: 12930: 12909: 12905: 12894: 12890: 12883: 12879: 12873: 12869: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12833: 12829: 12823: 12819: 12803: 12774: 12735: 12727: 12723: 12715: 12711: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12660: 12655: 12625: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12584: 12575: 12573: 12566: 12564: 12557: 12555: 12548: 12546: 12539: 12537: 12530: 12528: 12521: 12519: 12512: 12510: 12503: 12501: 12494: 12492: 12485: 12483: 12476: 12474: 12467: 12465: 12458: 12456: 12449: 12447: 12440: 12438: 12431: 12429: 12422: 12420: 12413: 12411: 12404: 12402: 12395: 12393: 12386: 12384: 12377: 12375: 12368: 12366: 12359: 12357: 12350: 12348: 12341: 12339: 12332: 12330: 12323: 12321: 12314: 12312: 12305: 12303: 12296: 12294: 12280: 12278: 12271: 12269: 12262: 12260: 12253: 12251: 12244: 12242: 12235: 12233: 12226: 12224: 12217: 12215: 12208: 12206: 12199: 12197: 12190: 12188: 12181: 12179: 12172: 12170: 12163: 12161: 12154: 12152: 12145: 12143: 12136: 12134: 12127: 12125: 12118: 12116: 12109: 12107: 12100: 12098: 12091: 12089: 12082: 12080: 12073: 12071: 12064: 12062: 12055: 12053: 12046: 12044: 12037: 12035: 12028: 12026: 12019: 12017: 12010: 12008: 12001: 11999: 11985: 11983: 11976: 11974: 11967: 11965: 11958: 11956: 11949: 11947: 11940: 11938: 11931: 11929: 11922: 11920: 11913: 11911: 11904: 11902: 11895: 11893: 11886: 11884: 11877: 11875: 11868: 11866: 11859: 11857: 11850: 11848: 11839: 11837: 11830: 11828: 11814: 11812: 11805: 11803: 11796: 11794: 11787: 11785: 11778: 11776: 11769: 11767: 11760: 11758: 11751: 11749: 11742: 11740: 11733: 11731: 11724: 11722: 11715: 11713: 11706: 11704: 11697: 11695: 11688: 11686: 11679: 11677: 11668: 11666: 11659: 11657: 11643: 11641: 11634: 11632: 11625: 11623: 11616: 11614: 11607: 11605: 11598: 11596: 11587: 11585: 11578: 11576: 11562: 11560: 11553: 11551: 11544: 11542: 11535: 11533: 11526: 11524: 11517: 11515: 11506: 11504: 11497: 11495: 11481: 11479: 11470: 11468: 11357: 11352: 11305: 11289: 11287:Further reading 11284: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11242: 11204: 11203: 11199: 11191:. Rosen Group. 11140: 11125: 11123: 11121: 11100: 11081: 10943: 10941: 10921: 10902: 10900:General sources 10897: 10888: 10886: 10882: 10881: 10877: 10868: 10866: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10843: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10828: 10805: 10801: 10792: 10790: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10768: 10766: 10757: 10756: 10749: 10740: 10738: 10734: 10733: 10729: 10722: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10705:on 7 April 2020 10693: 10692: 10688: 10680: 10676: 10675: 10671: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10652: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10635: 10612: 10583: 10579: 10540: 10536: 10491: 10487: 10480: 10464: 10460: 10447: 10443: 10414: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10391: 10377: 10373: 10366: 10352: 10348: 10338: 10335:Schrödter et al 10333: 10329: 10322: 10308: 10304: 10289: 10285: 10266: 10262: 10230: 10224: 10220: 10183:Br. J. Ind. Med 10175: 10171: 10164: 10150: 10146: 10139: 10125: 10121: 10114: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10081: 10077: 10069: 10056: 10049: 10035: 10031: 10022: 10020: 10007: 10006: 10002: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9967: 9928: 9924: 9861: 9857: 9850: 9834: 9827: 9788: 9784: 9761:(10): 563–568. 9747: 9743: 9734: 9732: 9719: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9648: 9644: 9637: 9623: 9619: 9612: 9598: 9594: 9587: 9583: 9574: 9570: 9561: 9557: 9548: 9546: 9536: 9532: 9503: 9499: 9492: 9488: 9482:Wayback Machine 9473: 9469: 9462: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9416: 9412: 9403: 9399: 9391: 9387: 9380: 9362: 9358: 9349: 9347: 9336: 9332: 9309:10.1038/461716a 9293: 9286: 9247: 9243: 9235: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9212: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9153: 9151: 9147: 9141: 9130: 9122: 9115: 9102: 9098: 9072: 9066: 9062: 9020: 9014: 9007: 8998: 8997: 8990: 8959: 8955: 8945: 8943: 8927:(12): 178–187. 8913: 8909: 8899: 8897: 8888: 8887: 8878: 8827: 8820: 8783: 8779: 8769: 8767: 8760: 8740: 8733: 8726: 8719: 8710: 8708: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8682: 8678: 8669: 8667: 8662: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8648: 8599: 8595: 8550: 8543: 8527:10.1038/491303a 8498: 8494: 8476: 8470: 8463: 8454: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8423: 8407: 8403: 8395: 8386: 8378: 8374: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8353: 8345: 8341: 8334: 8320: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8275: 8268: 8254: 8250: 8243: 8229: 8225: 8210: 8203: 8192: 8188: 8157: 8153: 8140: 8136: 8123: 8119: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8081: 8075: 8071: 8063: 8059: 8048: 8044: 8036: 8032: 8016: 8012: 7997: 7984: 7975: 7973: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7939: 7935: 7880: 7876: 7819: 7815: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7791:"Phosphorus-32" 7789: 7788: 7784: 7727: 7723: 7691: 7685: 7681: 7670: 7663: 7640: 7636: 7629: 7620: 7611: 7609: 7602:Lateral Science 7596: 7595: 7591: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7550: 7546: 7525:(10): 4028–35. 7514: 7510: 7479: 7475: 7444: 7440: 7433: 7419: 7408: 7400: 7396: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7367: 7360: 7352: 7339: 7332: 7318: 7314: 7307: 7285: 7276: 7227: 7223: 7210: 7179: 7172: 7158: 7154: 7147: 7133: 7129: 7089: 7085: 7062: 7058: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7022: 7015: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6948: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6915: 6908: 6887:(17): 6864–74. 6877: 6873: 6852:(45): 14970–1. 6842: 6838: 6825: 6821: 6789: 6785: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6727: 6707:methamphetamine 6703:pseudoephedrine 6695:hydroiodic acid 6687: 6585: 6573: 6534:Adequate Intake 6522: 6517: 6497:limiting factor 6462: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6355: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6288: 6271:phosphorylation 6249: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6233: 6231:Biological role 6199:smoke-screening 6146: 6130: 6128:Water softening 6104: 6100: 6081:, or sometimes 6067: 6053: 6033:phosphor bronze 6025: 6017:water treatment 5985: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5951: 5947: 5934: 5925:and pesticides 5924: 5917: 5904: 5900: 5886: 5882: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5725:phosphate sodas 5705:phosphoric acid 5690: 5682: 5680:Flame retardant 5677: 5661:nuclear reactor 5638: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5494: 5467:step produce a 5461: 5432: 5426: 5409:contour tilling 5401:no-till farming 5397: 5366:open defecation 5361: 5344: 5322: 5310:as a source of 5297:wrote the book 5291: 5285: 5272: 5266: 5155: 5131: 5032: 5030:Peak phosphorus 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4901: 4886: 4881:ferrophosphorus 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4755: 4753:Thermal process 4743:phosphoric acid 4738: 4718: 4641: 4621: 4598:Carbon monoxide 4569: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4522:Chincha Islands 4511: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4346: 4302:Greek mythology 4286: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4009:phosphoric acid 4004: 4000: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3910: 3904: 3876: 3870: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3820: 3802: 3796: 3792: 3770: 3766: 3743:Oxidation state 3735:phosphoric acid 3718: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3648: 3644: 3624: 3603: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3558: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3500:Phosphorus(III) 3484: 3476: 3464: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3440: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3409: 3402: 3394: 3379: 3375: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3301: = 3.98×10 3300: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3273: = 6.31×10 3272: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3240: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3177: 3172: 3158: 3043: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2803: 2797: 2785:phosphorescence 2780:phosphorescence 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2725: 2671: 2667: 2579: 2572: 2520: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2268:molecular solid 2253: 2247: 2242: 2240:Characteristics 2186: 2137:phosphorescence 2107: 2057: 2032: 2003: 1998: 1978: 1973: 1933: 1926: 1919:abundance 1892: 1874: 1853: 1834: 1822: 1806: 1804: 1779: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1720: 1636:Covalent radius 1630: 1587:(a mildly 1582: 1576: 1570: 1555: 1530: 1498: 1478: 1453: 1421: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1350: 1340: 1318: 1291: 1207: 1203: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1024: 1017: 1010: 1003: 996: 989: 982: 975: 968: 961: 954: 947: 940: 933: 924: 917: 910: 903: 896: 889: 882: 875: 868: 861: 854: 847: 840: 833: 826: 819: 812: 805: 798: 791: 784: 777: 770: 763: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 721: 714: 707: 698: 691: 684: 677: 670: 663: 656: 649: 642: 635: 628: 621: 614: 607: 600: 593: 582: 575: 566: 559: 552: 545: 538: 531: 524: 517: 510: 503: 496: 489: 482: 475: 468: 461: 452: 445: 436: 429: 422: 415: 408: 401: 392: 385: 376: 369: 362: 355: 348: 341: 332: 325: 316: 307: 250: 238: 236: 230: 227: 223: 220: 217: 215: 203: 197: 156: 152: 119: 115: 102: 101: 100: 99: 98: 95: 86: 85: 84: 81: 72: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 55: 46: 45: 33: 29: 26: 21: 12: 11: 5: 13285: 13275: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13141: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13119: 13115: 13111: 13107: 13103: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13034: 13032: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12993: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12717: 12713: 12709: 12705: 12700: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12670: 12668: 12662: 12661: 12654: 12653: 12646: 12639: 12631: 12622: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12571: 12562: 12553: 12544: 12535: 12526: 12517: 12508: 12499: 12490: 12481: 12472: 12463: 12454: 12445: 12436: 12427: 12418: 12409: 12400: 12391: 12382: 12373: 12364: 12355: 12346: 12337: 12328: 12319: 12310: 12301: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12276: 12267: 12258: 12249: 12240: 12231: 12222: 12213: 12204: 12195: 12186: 12177: 12168: 12159: 12150: 12141: 12132: 12123: 12114: 12105: 12096: 12087: 12078: 12069: 12060: 12051: 12042: 12033: 12024: 12015: 12006: 11997: 11991: 11990: 11981: 11972: 11963: 11954: 11945: 11936: 11927: 11918: 11909: 11900: 11891: 11882: 11873: 11864: 11855: 11846: 11844: 11835: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11810: 11801: 11792: 11783: 11774: 11765: 11756: 11747: 11738: 11729: 11720: 11711: 11702: 11693: 11684: 11675: 11673: 11664: 11655: 11649: 11648: 11639: 11630: 11621: 11612: 11603: 11594: 11592: 11583: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11558: 11549: 11540: 11531: 11522: 11513: 11511: 11502: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11477: 11475: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11359: 11358: 11355:Periodic table 11351: 11350: 11343: 11336: 11328: 11322: 11321: 11317:The New Yorker 11309: 11303: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11270: 11255: 11246: 11241:978-3527306732 11240: 11217: 11197: 11182: 11161: 11152: 11144: 11132: 11119: 11104: 11098: 11085: 11080:978-3527306732 11079: 11056: 11020:Sustainability 11011: 10977:(2): 292–305. 10963: 10950: 10925: 10919: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10895: 10875: 10850: 10826: 10815:(2): 123–134. 10799: 10775: 10747: 10727: 10716: 10686: 10669: 10650: 10633: 10610: 10577: 10534: 10485: 10478: 10458: 10441: 10408: 10396: 10389: 10371: 10364: 10346: 10327: 10320: 10302: 10299:(5): 565, 571. 10283: 10260: 10241:(9): 428–431. 10218: 10169: 10162: 10144: 10137: 10119: 10112: 10094: 10075: 10071:Threlfall 1951 10054: 10047: 10029: 10000: 9965: 9922: 9855: 9848: 9825: 9782: 9741: 9712: 9686: 9659:(1): 113–139. 9642: 9635: 9617: 9610: 9592: 9581: 9568: 9555: 9530: 9517:(3): 269–281. 9497: 9486: 9467: 9460: 9439: 9432: 9410: 9406:Phosphate Rock 9397: 9385: 9378: 9356: 9330: 9284: 9257:(3): 428–439. 9241: 9229: 9217: 9206: 9194: 9160: 9139: 9113: 9096: 9060: 9031:(2): 491–507. 9005: 8988: 8953: 8907: 8896:. January 2023 8876: 8818: 8797:(2): 491–507. 8777: 8758: 8731: 8717: 8693: 8676: 8655: 8646: 8593: 8564:(6): 848–860. 8541: 8492: 8461: 8437: 8428: 8421: 8401: 8397:Threlfall 1951 8384: 8372: 8368:Threlfall 1951 8360: 8351: 8339: 8332: 8314: 8310:Threlfall 1951 8302: 8285: 8273: 8266: 8248: 8241: 8223: 8201: 8186: 8151: 8134: 8117: 8092:(4): 272–295. 8069: 8065:Corbridge 1995 8057: 8042: 8038:Threlfall 1951 8030: 8010: 7982: 7961: 7933: 7874: 7813: 7782: 7721: 7679: 7661: 7634: 7618: 7589: 7569: 7562: 7544: 7508: 7473: 7454:(4): 684–685. 7438: 7431: 7406: 7394: 7381: 7358: 7337: 7330: 7312: 7305: 7274: 7221: 7177: 7170: 7152: 7145: 7127: 7083: 7056: 7041: 7034: 7013: 6989: 6982: 6964: 6957: 6934: 6927: 6906: 6871: 6836: 6819: 6783: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6726: 6723: 6719:21 CFR 1310.02 6686: 6683: 6584: 6581: 6572: 6569: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6505:eutrophication 6461: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6438: 6429: 6420: 6409: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6359:hydroxyapatite 6354: 6351: 6343: 6331: 6322: 6286: 6247: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6217: 6214: 6184: 6161: 6154: 6145: 6142: 6129: 6126: 6102: 6098: 6071:Charles Sauria 6063:Main article: 6052: 6049: 6024: 6021: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5788:eutrophication 5780:photosynthesis 5775: 5767: 5763: 5739:Main article: 5736: 5733: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5493: 5490: 5460: 5457: 5428:Main article: 5425: 5422: 5396: 5393: 5370:sewage systems 5360: 5357: 5343: 5340: 5336:superphosphate 5287:Main article: 5284: 5281: 5265: 5262: 5175:phosphate rock 5154: 5151: 5147:biogeochemical 5130: 5127: 5095:Western Sahara 5083:phosphate rock 5060:rock phosphate 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4900: 4897: 4884: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4812: 4800: 4784: 4776:phosphate rock 4766:(910,000 4754: 4751: 4737: 4734: 4717: 4714: 4640: 4637: 4633:superphosphate 4624:Phosphate rock 4620: 4619:Phosphate rock 4617: 4567: 4558: 4549: 4510: 4507: 4500: 4499: 4493: 4481: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4428:Johann Kunckel 4405: 4396: 4345: 4342: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4159: 4152:Main article: 4149: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4114:Main article: 4111: 4108: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3925:acids, salts ( 3923: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3752:Acidic protons 3750: 3747: 3744: 3717: 3714: 3705: 3701: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3646: 3642: 3623: 3620: 3602: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3482: 3474: 3462: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3438: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3407: 3400: 3392: 3382:acid anhydride 3377: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3173: 3157: 3154: 3051:phosphate rock 3042: 3039: 2995: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2977:Bremsstrahlung 2957: 2938: 2923: 2916: 2915: 2904: 2898: 2895:Southern blots 2891:Northern blots 2866: 2836: 2825: 2814: 2799:Main article: 2796: 2793: 2762: 2753: 2724: 2721: 2669: 2665: 2662:Red phosphorus 2657: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2547:Pearson symbol 2543: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2468: 2454: 2447: 2438: 2405: 2395: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2315: 2303: 2291: 2276: 2249:Main article: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2184: 2130:", the planet 2105: 2091:red phosphorus 2063: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2041: 2033: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1921: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1906:Main isotopes 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1714: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1668:Spectral lines 1656: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1487: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1410: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1371:Heat of fusion 1367: 1366: 1357: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1177: 1176: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1140: 1133: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1056: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1007: 1000: 993: 986: 979: 972: 965: 958: 951: 944: 937: 929: 928: 921: 914: 907: 900: 893: 886: 879: 872: 865: 858: 851: 844: 837: 830: 823: 816: 809: 802: 795: 788: 781: 774: 767: 760: 753: 746: 739: 732: 725: 718: 711: 703: 702: 695: 688: 681: 674: 667: 660: 653: 646: 639: 632: 625: 618: 611: 604: 597: 590: 588: 586: 579: 571: 570: 563: 556: 549: 542: 535: 528: 521: 514: 507: 500: 493: 486: 479: 472: 465: 458: 456: 449: 441: 440: 433: 426: 419: 412: 405: 398: 396: 389: 381: 380: 373: 366: 359: 352: 345: 338: 336: 329: 321: 320: 313: 311: 301: 290: 289: 287:periodic table 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 267: 266: 260: 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 249: 248: 234: 212: 210: 207: 206: 201: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 171: 165: 164: 113: 109: 108: 104: 103: 96: 89: 88: 87: 82: 75: 74: 73: 68: 61: 60: 56: 49: 48: 47: 43: 42: 41: 40: 31: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13284: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13212: 13202: 13200: 13190: 13188: 13178: 13176: 13166: 13164: 13154: 13152: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13112: 13110: 13104: 13102: 13096: 13094: 13088: 13086: 13076: 13074: 13068: 13066: 13060: 13058: 13052: 13050: 13044: 13042: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13029: 13023: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 12998: 12996: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12965: 12963: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12938: 12936: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12888: 12886: 12877: 12875: 12867: 12865: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12827: 12825: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12730: 12728: 12718: 12716: 12706: 12704: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12671: 12669: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12652: 12647: 12645: 12640: 12638: 12633: 12632: 12629: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12587: 12578: 12569: 12560: 12551: 12542: 12533: 12524: 12515: 12506: 12497: 12488: 12479: 12470: 12461: 12452: 12443: 12434: 12425: 12416: 12407: 12398: 12389: 12380: 12371: 12362: 12353: 12344: 12335: 12326: 12317: 12308: 12299: 12291: 12287: 12283: 12274: 12265: 12256: 12247: 12238: 12229: 12220: 12211: 12202: 12193: 12184: 12175: 12166: 12157: 12148: 12139: 12130: 12121: 12112: 12103: 12094: 12085: 12076: 12067: 12058: 12049: 12040: 12031: 12022: 12013: 12004: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11979: 11970: 11961: 11952: 11943: 11934: 11925: 11916: 11907: 11898: 11889: 11880: 11871: 11862: 11853: 11842: 11833: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11808: 11799: 11790: 11781: 11772: 11763: 11754: 11745: 11736: 11727: 11718: 11709: 11700: 11691: 11682: 11671: 11662: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11637: 11628: 11619: 11610: 11601: 11590: 11581: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11556: 11547: 11538: 11529: 11520: 11509: 11500: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11473: 11465: 11461: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11365: 11360: 11356: 11349: 11344: 11342: 11337: 11335: 11330: 11329: 11326: 11319: 11318: 11313: 11310: 11306: 11304:1-85858-223-7 11300: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11273: 11267: 11263: 11262: 11256: 11252: 11247: 11243: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11224: 11218: 11214: 11208: 11200: 11194: 11190: 11189: 11183: 11179: 11178:archive.today 11175: 11171: 11167: 11162: 11158: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11138: 11133: 11122: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11105: 11101: 11099:0-333-76638-5 11095: 11091: 11086: 11082: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11063: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10967:Cordell, Dana 10964: 10960: 10959:0-444-89307-5 10956: 10951: 10939: 10935: 10934:Miller-McCune 10931: 10926: 10922: 10920:0-7614-0946-7 10916: 10912: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10885: 10879: 10865:on 2009-05-03 10864: 10860: 10859:"21 cfr 1309" 10854: 10839: 10833: 10831: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10803: 10789: 10785: 10779: 10764: 10760: 10754: 10752: 10737: 10731: 10725: 10720: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10690: 10679: 10673: 10662: 10661: 10654: 10643: 10637: 10629: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10607: 10603: 10602:10.17226/5776 10599: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10550: 10545: 10538: 10530: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10489: 10481: 10475: 10471: 10470: 10462: 10455: 10454:1-57259-153-6 10451: 10445: 10436: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10412: 10405: 10400: 10392: 10386: 10382: 10375: 10367: 10365:1-883476-00-3 10361: 10357: 10350: 10342: 10336: 10331: 10323: 10321:0-929388-06-2 10317: 10313: 10306: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10264: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10214: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10173: 10165: 10163:0-87170-726-8 10159: 10155: 10148: 10140: 10134: 10131:. CRC Press. 10130: 10123: 10115: 10109: 10105: 10098: 10090: 10084: 10079: 10072: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10059: 10050: 10048:0-87335-233-5 10044: 10040: 10033: 10019:on 2020-10-20 10018: 10014: 10010: 10004: 9990:on 2020-10-28 9986: 9982: 9975: 9969: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9926: 9918: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9851: 9845: 9841: 9840: 9832: 9830: 9821: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9804:(9): 659–67. 9803: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9745: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9646: 9638: 9636:9781566772075 9632: 9628: 9621: 9613: 9611:0-471-81986-7 9607: 9603: 9596: 9590: 9585: 9578: 9572: 9565: 9559: 9545: 9541: 9534: 9525: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9508: 9501: 9495: 9490: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9471: 9463: 9457: 9453: 9446: 9444: 9435: 9429: 9424: 9423: 9414: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9389: 9381: 9375: 9370: 9369: 9360: 9346:on 2019-05-06 9345: 9341: 9334: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9291: 9289: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9210: 9204: 9198: 9179: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9150:on 2016-11-04 9146: 9142: 9136: 9129: 9128: 9120: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9100: 9091: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9064: 9056: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9012: 9010: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8957: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8911: 8895: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8825: 8823: 8813: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8781: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8738: 8736: 8729: 8724: 8722: 8707: 8703: 8697: 8689: 8688: 8680: 8665: 8659: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8597: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8546: 8537: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8512:(7424): 303. 8511: 8507: 8503: 8496: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8475: 8468: 8466: 8447: 8441: 8432: 8424: 8422:0-07-143763-0 8418: 8414: 8413: 8405: 8398: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8381: 8376: 8369: 8364: 8355: 8348: 8343: 8335: 8329: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8306: 8298: 8297: 8289: 8282: 8277: 8269: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8244: 8242:0-7661-3230-7 8238: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8219: 8214: 8208: 8206: 8199: 8195: 8190: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8155: 8148: 8147:0-12-335680-6 8144: 8138: 8131: 8130:0-13-465881-7 8127: 8121: 8107:on 2020-04-16 8103: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8046: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8027:0-471-80580-7 8024: 8020: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7971: 7965: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7902:: 1180–1198. 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7817: 7803:on 2016-05-28 7799: 7792: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7702:(3): 030001. 7701: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7677: 7673: 7668: 7666: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7638: 7632: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7579: 7573: 7565: 7563:0-203-99824-3 7559: 7555: 7548: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7434: 7432:0-8493-0481-4 7428: 7424: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7403: 7398: 7384: 7378: 7374: 7373: 7365: 7363: 7356:, p. 717 7355: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7333: 7327: 7323: 7316: 7308: 7306:0-8493-8912-7 7302: 7298: 7293: 7292: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7233: 7225: 7218: 7217:0-7506-3365-4 7214: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7173: 7171:981-02-2634-9 7167: 7163: 7156: 7148: 7146:0-87371-754-6 7142: 7138: 7131: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7048: 7046: 7037: 7035:3-11-012641-9 7031: 7027: 7020: 7018: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6994: 6985: 6983:0-8493-0464-4 6979: 6975: 6968: 6960: 6958:0-8493-0486-5 6954: 6947: 6946: 6938: 6930: 6924: 6920: 6913: 6911: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6765: 6745: 6741: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6589: 6580: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6315: 6314:phospholipids 6311: 6310:nucleic acids 6307: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6275:Phospholipids 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6238: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6173:baking powder 6170: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6144:Miscellaneous 6141: 6139: 6134: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6057: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5975: 5973: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5920: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5888: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5870: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5832:sulfuric acid 5828: 5826: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5729:kidney stones 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5688:Food additive 5685: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5646: 5635: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5568: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5536: 5533: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5509:transmutation 5505: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5469:sewage sludge 5466: 5459:Sewage sludge 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5430:Excreta reuse 5424:Excreta reuse 5421: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5387:systems. The 5386: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5353: 5348: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5319:South America 5316: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5271: 5264:United States 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255:food security 5251: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5236:United States 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5187:In 2023, the 5185: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5068:food security 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5036: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4917:sulfuric acid 4914: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4851: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4750: 4748: 4747:phosphogypsum 4744: 4733: 4727: 4722: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657:smoke screens 4654: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4503: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4350: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4155: 4145: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4087: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4054: 4030: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3674: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3651:Schreibersite 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3598: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3517: 3510: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3472: 3471:isoelectronic 3468: 3456: 3452: 3441: 3434: 3419:geometry. PCl 3418: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3371: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3297: 3277: 3276: 3269: 3245: 3244: 3237: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3181: 3175:Phosphorus(V) 3171: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3150:sewage sludge 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3111:Niagara Falls 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3065:nations like 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2951: 2947: 2946:nucleic acids 2932: 2913: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2808: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2663: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2577: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2408:tetrahedra. 2392: 2380: 2366: 2354: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2284: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2252: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2201:phospholipids 2198: 2194: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2123: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083:atomic number 2080: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2058: | 2054: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2021: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1974:14.269 d 1970: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1948: 1945: 1944:product 1942: 1940: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670:of phosphorus 1669: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1409: (white) 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1325:Boiling point 1322: 1316: 1312: 1310: 1309:Melting point 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240:period 3 1238: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1205:Atomic number 1201: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1163: 1160: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1053:Rutherfordium 1050: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1001: 999: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 978: 973: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 952: 950: 945: 943: 938: 936: 931: 930: 927: 922: 920: 915: 913: 908: 906: 901: 899: 894: 892: 887: 885: 880: 878: 873: 871: 866: 864: 859: 857: 852: 850: 845: 843: 838: 836: 831: 829: 824: 822: 817: 815: 810: 808: 803: 801: 796: 794: 789: 787: 782: 780: 775: 773: 768: 766: 761: 759: 754: 752: 747: 745: 740: 738: 733: 731: 726: 724: 719: 717: 712: 710: 705: 704: 701: 696: 694: 689: 687: 682: 680: 675: 673: 668: 666: 661: 659: 654: 652: 647: 645: 640: 638: 633: 631: 626: 624: 619: 617: 612: 610: 605: 603: 598: 596: 591: 587: 585: 580: 578: 573: 572: 569: 564: 562: 557: 555: 550: 548: 543: 541: 536: 534: 529: 527: 522: 520: 515: 513: 508: 506: 501: 499: 494: 492: 487: 485: 480: 478: 473: 471: 466: 464: 459: 455: 450: 448: 443: 442: 439: 434: 432: 427: 425: 420: 418: 413: 411: 406: 404: 399: 395: 390: 388: 383: 382: 379: 374: 372: 367: 365: 360: 358: 353: 351: 346: 344: 339: 335: 330: 328: 323: 322: 319: 314: 310: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 295: 291: 288: 283: 279: 275: 273: 272:Earth's crust 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 246: 235: 214: 213: 211: 208: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 170: 166: 161: 160: 146: 114: 112:Pronunciation 110: 105: 93: 79: 65: 53: 38: 23: 19: 11615: 11315: 11294: 11275:. Retrieved 11260: 11250: 11221: 11187: 11169: 11156: 11124:. Retrieved 11109: 11089: 11060: 11023: 11019: 10974: 10970: 10942:. Retrieved 10938:the original 10933: 10909: 10887:. Retrieved 10878: 10867:. Retrieved 10863:the original 10853: 10842:. Retrieved 10812: 10808: 10802: 10791:. Retrieved 10787: 10778: 10767:. Retrieved 10763:the original 10739:. Retrieved 10730: 10719: 10707:. Retrieved 10703:the original 10698: 10689: 10672: 10659: 10653: 10636: 10593: 10590:"Phosphorus" 10580: 10553: 10547: 10537: 10502: 10498: 10488: 10468: 10461: 10444: 10425: 10421: 10411: 10399: 10380: 10374: 10355: 10349: 10330: 10312:Pyrotechnics 10311: 10305: 10296: 10292: 10286: 10277: 10273: 10263: 10238: 10234: 10221: 10189:(2): 83–99. 10186: 10182: 10172: 10153: 10147: 10128: 10122: 10103: 10097: 10078: 10038: 10032: 10021:. Retrieved 10017:the original 10012: 10003: 9992:. Retrieved 9985:the original 9980: 9968: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9838: 9801: 9795: 9785: 9758: 9754: 9744: 9733:. 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Retrieved 8102:the original 8089: 8085: 8072: 8060: 8045: 8040:, p. 51 8033: 8018: 8013: 8005:Mother Jones 8004: 7974:. Retrieved 7964: 7952:. Retrieved 7946: 7936: 7899: 7895: 7877: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7805:. Retrieved 7798:the original 7785: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7699: 7695: 7682: 7672:Sommers 2007 7647: 7643: 7637: 7610:. Retrieved 7601: 7598:"Phosphorus" 7592: 7581:. Retrieved 7572: 7553: 7547: 7522: 7519:Inorg. Chem. 7517: 7511: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7422: 7397: 7386:. Retrieved 7371: 7321: 7315: 7290: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7161: 7155: 7136: 7130: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7054:. ptable.com 7025: 7008: 7004: 6973: 6967: 6944: 6937: 6918: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6830: 6822: 6797: 6786: 6768: 6756:Bibliography 6744: 6688: 6660: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6625: 6619:, etc.) and 6613:insecticides 6594: 6574: 6571:Food sources 6561: 6546: 6523: 6509:algal blooms 6485:macromineral 6482: 6466:malnutrition 6463: 6367:fluorapatite 6356: 6303: 6291: 6240: 6151:sodium lamps 6131: 6107: 6091: 6079:lead dioxide 6068: 6026: 6005:plasticisers 5986: 5829: 5796: 5750: 5717:preservative 5702: 5691: 5683: 5675:Applications 5525: 5523:as follows: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5473:incineration 5462: 5445:Global South 5433: 5418: 5398: 5382: 5362: 5312:agricultural 5298: 5292: 5273: 5259: 5252: 5228:South Africa 5224:Saudi Arabia 5197: 5186: 5179: 5166: 5164: 5140: 5115: 5072: 5044:raw material 5041: 4993: 4961: 4902: 4878: 4838:+ 30 C → 3 P 4756: 4739: 4730: 4710:World War II 4686: 4642: 4639:Incendiaries 4622: 4606: 4579: 4527: 4504: 4501: 4436: 4424:Robert Boyle 4413: 4388: 4383: 4376:distillation 4374:through the 4360:Hennig Brand 4357: 4353:Robert Boyle 4329: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4311: 4289: 4287: 4242:, affording 4237: 4197: 4174:+ 6 Na + 3 C 4157: 4119: 4101: 4094: 4085: 4075: 4061: 4026: 4016:acid, salts 3989:acid, salts 3926: 3919: 3907: 3890: 3884: 3873: 3859:acid, salts 3809:acid, salts 3781:acid, salts 3719: 3691: 3685: 3655: 3625: 3616: 3565: 3554: 3503: 3489: 3487: 3397: 3386: 3368: 3304: 3295: 3290:O + PO 3267: 3235: 3201: 3123: 3044: 3024: 3022:in general. 2997: 2917: 2885:DNA and RNA 2883:radiolabeled 2852: 2844:nuclear spin 2804: 2778: 2772: 2770: 2746: 2737:Robert Boyle 2734: 2710: 2696: 2682: 2660: 2540:Orthorhombic 2519:Body-centred 2473:diphosphorus 2463: 2415:, the least 2410: 2402: 2270:composed of 2261: 2254: 2234:nerve agents 2216:consumed as 2174: 2135: 2128:Morning Star 2103: 2078: 2067: 2066: 1999:25.35 d 1928: 1854: (1669) 1851:Hennig Brand 1821:white: 5 GPa 1817:Bulk modulus 1765: 1760: 1755: 1734:orthorhombic 1721: 1700:(bcc) ( 1583: 1577: 1571: 1525: 1493: 1483: 1448: 1416: 1405: 1209: 1095:Darmstadtium 962:Protactinium 736:Praseodymium 414: 198: 22: 11043:10453/31261 10788:www.cdc.gov 10422:J Biol Chem 8632:10261/45241 8281:Emsley 2002 8218:Der Spiegel 8194:Beatty 2000 8054:p. 389 7888:Caselli, P. 7884:Altwegg, K. 7631:Emsley 2000 6601:neurotoxins 6583:Precautions 6203:smoke bombs 6165:soft drinks 5976:Detergents 5784:plant roots 5760:fertilisers 5757:agriculture 5703:Food-grade 5306:introduced 5064:fertilizers 5022:+ 10 CO + P 5010:+ 10 C → Ca 4872:+ 10 CO + P 4794:to produce 4736:Wet process 4602:flare stack 4466:+ 10 C → 2 4318:phosphorous 4316:. The word 3720:Phosphorus 3698:diphosphine 3611:diphosphene 3561:haemoglobin 3455:Lewis acids 3387:With metal 2914:sequencing. 2590:Cmce No.64 2587:P2/c No.13 2567:Space group 2337:(11 nA/T). 2327:delocalized 2218:fertilisers 2134:. The term 1792:diamagnetic 1640:107±3 1518:100 k 1486: (red) 1441:100 k 1351:(near 1270:] 3s 3p 1137:Livermorium 1109:Copernicium 1102:Roentgenium 1032:Mendelevium 1018:Einsteinium 1011:Californium 13242:Pnictogens 13232:Phosphorus 13226:Categories 12666:Phosphides 11277:2013-10-22 11188:Phosphorus 11126:3 February 10944:2 February 10910:Phosphorus 10889:2009-05-05 10869:2009-05-05 10844:2009-05-05 10793:2015-11-21 10769:2009-05-05 10741:2009-05-05 10404:Ruttenberg 10023:2020-08-17 9994:2020-08-17 9735:2021-08-31 9549:2024-06-21 9494:Burns 2010 9350:2017-04-01 9154:2015-05-12 8969:(1): 2–6. 8711:2023-04-09 8670:2009-06-06 8455:2017-03-20 8111:2009-05-24 7976:2009-06-06 7954:16 January 7909:1911.11647 7807:2010-11-18 7744:1901.07632 7676:p. 25 7612:2009-05-05 7583:2009-05-05 7388:2011-11-19 6827:Phosphorus 6761:References 6628:phossy jaw 6621:weaponised 6617:fungicides 6609:herbicides 6605:pesticides 6501:ecosystems 6489:edaphology 6235:See also: 6013:pesticides 5745:See also: 5741:Fertiliser 5735:Fertiliser 5707:(additive 5521:beta decay 5438:and human 5413:windbreaks 5385:sanitation 5315:fertilizer 5167:phosphorus 5129:Background 4834:F + 18 SiO 4764:short tons 4716:Production 4698:phossy jaw 4689:poisonings 4671:). During 4611:(see also 4487:+ 10 CO + 4314:phosphorus 4290:Phosphorus 4262:OH → OP(OC 3755:Compounds 3639:phosphides 3627:Phosphides 3160:See also: 3004:supernovae 2987:See also: 2983:Occurrence 2965:Monitoring 2535:Monoclinic 2426:pyrophoric 2283:tetrahedra 2257:allotropes 2245:Allotropes 2230:pesticides 2226:detergents 2181:phosphates 2068:Phosphorus 2060:references 1829:CAS Number 1685:primordial 1515:10 k 1438:10 k 1185:phosphorus 1144:Tennessine 1088:Meitnerium 1067:Seaborgium 1046:Lawrencium 785:Dysprosium 771:Gadolinium 750:Promethium 622:Technetium 615:Molybdenum 416:Phosphorus 182:Appearance 169:Allotropes 107:Phosphorus 57:Waxy white 11207:cite book 11052:2071-1050 10999:0959-3780 10428:: 55–70. 9952:0036-8075 9899:0027-8424 9681:253349703 9673:1935-3804 9279:0959-3780 9083:(2): 32. 9055:2190-4987 8946:9 October 8900:9 January 8871:206562728 8855:0036-8075 8482:The Times 8198:p. 7 8167:(1): 11. 7928:208290964 7836:1312.3807 7114:0002-7863 7052:Abundance 6814:1365-3075 6699:ephedrine 6655:ointments 6557:lactation 6515:Nutrition 6205:, and in 6138:corrosion 5772:phosphate 5721:Coca-Cola 5606:− 5602:β 5582:→ 5560:γ 5405:terracing 5323:30 meters 5232:Australia 5171:phosphate 4669:flammable 4665:Zeppelins 4582:fire clay 4524:, c. 1860 4344:Discovery 4326:sulfurous 4288:The name 4284:Etymology 4222:OH → P(OC 4047:PN, and I 3710:hydrazine 3657:Phosphine 3635:phosphine 3631:phosphide 3609:A stable 3380:) is the 3156:Compounds 3099:Tennessee 3020:Milky Way 2969:Shielding 2879:half-life 2774:phosphors 2678:amorphous 2530:Amorphous 2525:Triclinic 2516:Symmetry 2502:white(β) 2499:white(α) 2422:flammable 2333:molecule 2170:moscovium 2150:pnictogen 2142:oxidation 2099:phosphate 2074:; it has 1924:half-life 1846:Discovery 1512:1 k 1435:1 k 1151:Oganesson 1130:Moscovium 1123:Flerovium 1004:Berkelium 990:Americium 983:Plutonium 976:Neptunium 813:Ytterbium 743:Neodymium 722:Lanthanum 685:Tellurium 643:Palladium 629:Ruthenium 601:Zirconium 583:Strontium 539:Germanium 490:Manganese 446:Potassium 402:Aluminium 393:Magnesium 333:Beryllium 264:Abundance 204:°(P) 69:Light red 11174:Archived 10620:23115811 10588:(1997). 10529:18583681 10213:14449812 9960:19229022 9917:15972805 9820:25364887 9777:12481178 9729:Archived 9699:Archived 9478:Archived 9317:19812648 8983:21969145 8863:25954014 8641:19406560 8588:32607432 8536:23151541 8347:Toy 1975 8050:Toy 1975 7948:Phys.org 7869:35593706 7861:24337291 7777:73508148 7769:30822058 7606:Archived 7539:17439206 7269:27740669 7261:16946068 7122:20515032 6901:16903744 6866:18937460 6725:See also 6544:(DRIs). 6499:in many 6295:glycerol 6191:military 6114:abrasion 5753:nitrogen 5507:Neutron 5498:chemical 5481:struvite 5451:such as 5359:Overview 5293:In 1609 5087:reserves 5048:peak oil 4996:charcoal 4955:+ 2 CaSO 4905:bone ash 4694:necrosis 4663:-filled 4661:hydrogen 4590:charcoal 4575:bone ash 4378:of some 4330:sulfuric 4194:+ 6 NaCl 4182:Cl → P(C 4110:Sulfides 4104:alkoxide 4023:Nitrides 3722:oxoacids 3716:Oxoacids 3637:. Other 3469:that is 3461:forms PF 3130:bone ash 3047:minerals 2994:Universe 2933:and any 2807:isotopes 2795:Isotopes 2717:sunlight 2706:graphite 2702:graphite 2619:Band gap 2413:volatile 2331:aromatic 2213:bone ash 2162:antimony 2154:nitrogen 2115:Φωσφόρος 2095:reactive 1523:at 1446:at 1292:at 1116:Nihonium 1039:Nobelium 948:Actinium 934:Francium 918:Astatine 911:Polonium 890:Thallium 869:Platinum 841:Tungsten 834:Tantalum 820:Lutetium 764:Europium 757:Samarium 678:Antimony 576:Rubidium 553:Selenium 483:Chromium 476:Vanadium 469:Titanium 462:Scandium 430:Chlorine 370:Fluorine 356:Nitrogen 308:Hydrogen 245:abridged 12612:p-block 12607:d-block 12602:f-block 12597:s-block 11168:, from 11007:1450932 10979:Bibcode 10647:. 2017. 10628:8768378 10572:8642449 10520:2440847 10243:Bibcode 10204:1038164 9932:Science 9908:1177388 9877:Bibcode 9705:22 July 9408:, 2021. 9325:4419892 9259:Bibcode 9187:5 April 9033:Bibcode 8929:Bibcode 8835:Science 8799:Bibcode 8770:7 April 8611:Bibcode 8579:7318074 8514:Bibcode 8169:Bibcode 7841:Bibcode 7823:Science 7749:Bibcode 7704:Bibcode 7491:Bibcode 7456:Bibcode 7241:Bibcode 7232:Science 6829:at the 6780:. 2013. 6749:clearly 6651:debride 6577:protein 6306:apatite 6083:nitrate 6051:Matches 5700:(DRI). 5694:mineral 5502:nuclear 5453:cholera 5440:excreta 5240:Finland 5212:Algeria 5200:Morocco 5107:Algeria 5091:Morocco 5056:Morocco 5002:3 Ca(PO 4978:→ Ca(PO 4864:+ 6 SiO 4846:+ 2 CaF 4585:retorts 4368:Hamburg 4279:History 4274:+ 3 HCl 4234:+ 3 HCl 4200:phenols 4098:+ 4 HCl 4084:Cl → 1/ 4007:(ortho) 3889:salts ( 3746:Formula 3548:→ 4 PCl 3481:, (POCl 3473:with SF 3389:cations 3262:O + HPO 3091:Florida 3079:Morocco 3075:Tunisia 3071:Algeria 3067:Morocco 3063:Amazigh 3055:apatite 2931:corneas 2831:. Only 2688:Hittorf 2645:1.8244 2598:(g/cm) 2596:Density 2508:violet 2335:benzene 2285:. This 2166:bismuth 2158:arsenic 2122:Lucifer 1840:History 1736: ( 1627:) 1347:Density 1278:2, 8, 5 1255:p-block 1181:silicon 1081:Hassium 1074:Bohrium 1060:Dubnium 1025:Fermium 969:Uranium 955:Thorium 904:Bismuth 862:Iridium 848:Rhenium 827:Hafnium 806:Thulium 792:Holmium 778:Terbium 708:Caesium 657:Cadmium 636:Rhodium 608:Niobium 594:Yttrium 567:Krypton 560:Bromine 546:Arsenic 532:Gallium 453:Calcium 409:Silicon 326:Lithium 243: ( 159:-fər-əs 151: 11301: 11268: 11238: 11195: 11117: 11096: 11077: 11050: 11005: 10997: 10957: 10917: 10709:16 May 10626: 10618: 10608: 10570: 10527: 10517: 10476: 10452: 10387: 10362: 10318: 10211: 10201: 10160: 10135: 10110: 10045: 9958: 9950: 9915: 9905: 9897: 9846: 9818: 9775: 9679: 9671: 9633: 9608: 9484:, 2010 9458: 9430: 9376: 9323: 9315: 9297:Nature 9277: 9137: 9053: 8981: 8869: 8861: 8853: 8756: 8639: 8586: 8576: 8534: 8506:Nature 8451:. USGS 8419: 8330: 8264: 8239: 8145: 8128: 8025: 7972:. USGS 7926: 7867: 7859: 7775: 7767: 7560: 7537: 7429: 7379: 7328: 7303: 7267: 7259: 7215: 7168: 7143: 7120: 7112: 7032: 6980: 6955: 6925: 6899: 6864: 6812: 6717:under 6691:iodine 6597:esters 6221:dopant 6197:, for 6181:cheese 5836:sulfur 5436:manure 5248:Jordan 5244:Russia 5220:Brazil 5079:mining 5075:scarce 4943:→ Ca(H 4806:. The 4790:, and 4681:petrol 4594:retort 4401:)NaHPO 4324:forms 4322:sulfur 4067:trimer 4043:PN, Br 4039:PN, Cl 3959:salts 3829:salts 3733:, and 3544:+ 6 Cl 3446:Brand 3361:+ 2 H 3349:→ Na 3341:+ NaH 3168:, and 3146:sewage 3138:Sweden 3087:Russia 3031:ROSINA 2973:X-rays 2887:probes 2601:1.828 2521:cubic 2511:black 2459:napalm 2384:Violet 2232:, and 2211:, and 2199:, and 2168:, and 2110:oxygen 2076:symbol 2028: 1995:trace 1957:stable 1866:(1777) 1794: 1644: 1591:oxide) 1589:acidic 1581:, +4, 1529: 1497: 1452: 1420: 1379: 1377:kJ/mol 1349: 1252: 1235:Period 1189:sulfur 997:Curium 941:Radium 855:Osmium 799:Erbium 729:Cerium 715:Barium 692:Iodine 664:Indium 650:Silver 518:Copper 511:Nickel 504:Cobalt 423:Sulfur 386:Sodium 363:Oxygen 349:Carbon 317:Helium 237:30.974 216:30.973 149: 11003:S2CID 10681:(PDF) 10664:(PDF) 10645:(PDF) 10624:S2CID 10231:(PDF) 9988:(PDF) 9977:(PDF) 9677:S2CID 9321:S2CID 9181:(PDF) 9174:(PDF) 9148:(PDF) 9131:(PDF) 9073:(PDF) 9021:(PDF) 8867:S2CID 8477:(PDF) 8449:(PDF) 8105:(PDF) 8082:(PDF) 7924:S2CID 7904:arXiv 7865:S2CID 7831:arXiv 7801:(PDF) 7794:(PDF) 7773:S2CID 7739:arXiv 7692:(PDF) 7265:S2CID 6999:cf. " 6949:(PDF) 6778:CIAAW 6737:Notes 6632:toxic 6299:ester 6283:bones 6065:Match 6037:CuOFP 6029:steel 5879:CaHPO 5803:(Ca(H 5713:colas 5352:Nauru 5327:Moche 5308:guano 5289:Guano 5277:China 5250:0.8. 5246:0.6, 5242:1.0, 5238:1.0, 5234:1.1, 5230:1.4, 5226:1.4, 5222:1.6, 5218:1.8, 5216:Syria 5214:2.2, 5210:2.8, 5208:Egypt 5206:3.2, 5204:China 5111:Syria 5103:Egypt 5099:China 4986:+ 2 H 4935:+ 2 H 4915:with 4726:Nauru 4645:match 4609:guano 4518:Guano 4380:salts 4364:urine 4298:Greek 4294:Venus 4254:+ 3 C 4214:+ 3 C 4136:and P 4088:(NPCl 3901:H(HPO 3467:anion 3465:, an 3313:and H 3286:O ⇌ H 3258:O ⇌ H 3226:O + H 3222:O ⇌ H 3191:and P 3134:guano 3126:urine 3119:guano 3095:Idaho 3083:China 2635:0.34 2621:(eV) 2613:2.69 2610:2.36 2607:~2.2 2604:1.88 2582:No.2 2558:mP84 2553:aP24 2496:Form 2417:dense 2396:Black 2358:White 2209:urine 2205:cells 2132:Venus 2070:is a 1969:trace 1953:100% 1910:Decay 1805:−20.8 1702:cI232 1302:solid 1289:Phase 1266:[ 1247:Block 1223:Group 925:Radon 699:Xenon 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6337:and 6312:and 6261:and 6255:life 6175:and 6171:for 5999:and 5931:POCl 5853:Ca(H 5847:Use 5709:E338 5636:2.62 5519:and 5372:and 5331:Peru 5202:50, 5109:and 5052:USGS 4966:Ca(H 4889:slag 4852:2 Ca 4822:4 Ca 4792:coke 4774:(as 4535:and 4454:+ 2 4444:NaPO 4328:and 4250:OPCl 4080:+ NH 3867:(HPO 3749:Name 3675:, Ca 3518:and 3404:and 3333:2 Na 3103:Utah 3073:and 3029:and 3027:ALMA 3012:iron 2975:via 2875:beta 2873:, a 2853:Two 2777:and 2692:lead 2655:2.4 2652:2.6 2632:1.5 2629:1.8 2624:2.1 2561:oS8 2505:red 2467:of P 2453:): P 2424:and 2177:life 2089:and 2081:and 2052:edit 2045:talk 2038:view 1939:mode 1625:more 1550:704 1547:635 1544:576 1541:529 1538:489 1535:455 1509:100 1499:(Pa) 1473:549 1470:453 1467:388 1464:342 1461:307 1458:279 1432:100 1422:(Pa) 1353:r.t. 897:Lead 876:Gold 525:Zinc 497:Iron 377:Neon 13070:PCl 13062:PCl 13054:PBr 13046:PBr 13038:PBr 13018:ZrP 13012:ZrP 12992:ZnP 12987:YbP 12977:TmP 12968:ThP 12958:SnP 12952:TbP 12931:SmP 12925:SmP 12920:ScP 12915:PuP 12906:PrP 12900:PrP 12891:PtP 12870:OsP 12850:NpP 12845:NdP 12840:NbP 12820:MoP 12814:MoP 12809:LuP 12795:LaP 12790:InP 12785:HoP 12780:HfP 12766:FeP 12761:AuP 12756:GdP 12751:EuP 12746:ErP 12741:DyP 12689:BiP 12679:AsP 12674:AlP 11228:doi 11067:doi 11038:hdl 11028:doi 10987:doi 10817:doi 10598:doi 10558:doi 10554:126 10515:PMC 10507:doi 10503:336 10499:BMJ 10430:doi 10426:155 10297:126 10251:doi 10199:PMC 10191:doi 9940:doi 9936:323 9903:PMC 9885:doi 9873:102 9806:doi 9802:161 9763:doi 9759:193 9661:doi 9519:doi 9305:doi 9301:461 9267:doi 9085:doi 9041:doi 8971:doi 8937:doi 8843:doi 8839:348 8807:doi 8627:hdl 8619:doi 8574:PMC 8566:doi 8522:doi 8510:491 8177:doi 8094:doi 7914:doi 7900:492 7849:doi 7827:342 7757:doi 7735:122 7712:doi 7652:doi 7527:doi 7499:doi 7464:doi 7249:doi 7237:313 7102:doi 7098:132 7074:doi 7070:130 6889:doi 6854:doi 6850:130 6802:doi 6713:as 6705:to 6701:or 6693:to 6478:ATP 6425:(PO 6383:(PO 6339:HPO 6263:RNA 6259:DNA 6223:in 5914:PCl 5883:·2H 5819:·2H 5774:(PO 5669:MIT 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