55:
2246:, that some of the Auxiliaries shouted, "We surrender, we surrender;" when IRA men stood up from their positions, they were fired upon by other Auxiliaries. This led Barry to not believe the Auxiliaries when, later in the battle, they attempted to surrender: all 18 were shot and left for dead. One Auxiliary escaped but was later captured and killed; another, Frederick Henry Forde, survived with severe injuries and was rescued by British forces. However, some historians have claimed that Barry invented the story of the false surrender in order to justify the killing of the entire unit.
3319:
2318:
German and US militaries seem to be in agreement on it. In its judgement, the tribunal noted that the case did not require that the tribunal make findings other than those of guilty or not guilty and so no safe conclusion could be drawn from the acquittal of all accused. The tribunal also emphasized the difference between using enemy uniforms in espionage versus combat.
2277:
in 1942. Confusion regarding a possible surrender of
Japanese troops came about due to a sighting of what the Americans believed to be a "white flag" along with faulty intelligence from a captured, drunken Japanese officer. This resulted in more than 20 US combat deaths from the Japanese soldiers the
2087:
1. It is prohibited to kill, injure or capture an adversary by resort to perfidy. Acts inviting the confidence of an adversary to lead him to believe that he is entitled to, or is obliged to accord, protection under the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict, with intent to betray
2215:
In addition to the prohibitions provided by special
Conventions, it is especially forbidden ... (b) To kill or wound treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army; ... (f) To make improper use of a flag of truce, of the national flag, or of the military insignia and
2137:
are acts that are intended to mislead an adversary or to induce him to act recklessly but which infringe no rule of international law applicable in armed conflict and which are not perfidious because they do not invite the confidence of an adversary with respect to protection under that law. The
2317:
of a crime by ordering his men into action in US uniforms. He had passed on to his men the warning of German legal experts that if they fought in US uniforms, they would be breaking the laws of war. During the trial, a number of arguments were advanced to substantiate this position and that the
2162:, signs or signals provided for by the Conventions or by this Protocol. It is also prohibited to misuse deliberately in an armed conflict other internationally recognized protective emblems, signs or signals, including the flag of truce, and the protective emblem of
2180:
2. It is prohibited to make use of the flags or military emblems, insignia or uniforms of adverse
Parties while engaging in attacks or to shield, favour, protect or impede military operations.
2401:
2159:
3164:
2536:
2047:) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).
3179:
3122:
3117:
2177:
1. It is prohibited to make use in an armed conflict of the flags or military emblems, insignia or uniforms of neutral or other States not
Parties to the conflict.
2554:
2269:
their dead and wounded and to fake surrenders or injuries to lure Allied troops into a trap then surprise-attack them. One example of supposed perfidy was the "
3212:
3147:
2301:, the issue of whether the donning of enemy uniforms to approach the enemy without drawing fire was within the laws of war was established under
3142:
3093:
3152:
3135:
2438:
3130:
2451:
3083:
2348:
3255:
978:
3159:
1405:
3088:
3358:
3194:
2467:
2229:
2169:
2. It is prohibited to make use of the distinctive emblem of the United
Nations, except as authorized by that Organization.
2685:
2631:
2518:
2485:
1761:
54:
3169:
3112:
2890:
2690:
2522:
1956:
1734:
349:
2562:
2183:
3. Nothing in this
Article or in Article 37, paragraph 1(d), shall affect the existing generally recognized rules of
1410:
1488:
3217:
2870:
1833:
1471:
1258:
103:
3020:
2661:
2459:
2302:
2254:
1597:
2014:
1461:
3222:
3174:
3107:
2752:
2672:
2237:
1951:
655:
415:
3353:
3348:
3204:
2419:
2326:
2322:
2201:
1961:
1148:
950:
821:
359:
3343:
3266:
3189:
3102:
1425:
2577:
3184:
3075:
2812:
2742:
2242:
2225:
1535:
1043:
392:
266:
120:
3059:
2880:
2807:
2725:
2715:
2624:
2482:
Stepping Stones to
Nowhere: The Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and American Military Strategy, 1867–1945
2370:
2216:
military uniform of the enemy, as well as the distinctive badges of the Geneva
Convention; ...
2205:
1986:
1853:
1400:
1093:
911:
759:
20:
2537:"International Law on Use of Enemy Uniforms As a Stratagem and the Acquittal in the Skorzeny Case"
3279:
2977:
2925:
2874:
2720:
2710:
2279:
2278:
Americans assumed would surrender. It has been asserted that the incident, along with many other
2250:
2058:, as it degrades the protections and mutual restraints developed in the interest of all parties,
1939:
1921:
1677:
1236:
1158:
1103:
701:
364:
2910:
2786:
2705:
2380:
1806:
1781:
1503:
1415:
1288:
1163:
764:
741:
187:
86:
2204:
of war long before the prohibition of perfidy was included in
Protocol I. For example, in the
3250:
2930:
2915:
2905:
2885:
2832:
1395:
1328:
1281:
935:
898:
861:
779:
731:
615:
425:
233:
142:
2325:
in 2022, Russian soldiers have been accused of perfidy on numerous occasions, including the
2270:
2525:
General
Military Government Court of the U.S. zone of Germany 18 August to 9 September 1947
2344:
2333:
2274:
2101:
1786:
1688:
1545:
1540:
1358:
1323:
1058:
878:
736:
672:
526:
496:
93:
8:
3322:
3284:
3015:
2995:
2617:
2402:"New evidence challenges claim Tom Barry invented story of false surrender at Kilmichael"
1637:
1622:
1498:
1385:
1363:
1338:
1298:
1208:
1018:
923:
873:
640:
630:
595:
387:
377:
147:
71:
3245:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3032:
3010:
3005:
2972:
2962:
2822:
2817:
2700:
2651:
2337:
2286:, led to an Allied tendency to shoot dead or wounded Japanese soldiers, those who were
2233:
2088:
that confidence, shall constitute perfidy. The following acts are examples of perfidy:
1971:
1826:
1746:
1667:
1612:
1587:
1508:
1454:
1420:
1351:
1268:
1178:
1083:
1028:
918:
883:
836:
711:
682:
635:
573:
548:
382:
196:
115:
3037:
3000:
2837:
2795:
2779:
2463:
2375:
2314:
2221:
2184:
2163:
2007:
1916:
1863:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1721:
1704:
1699:
1672:
1617:
1318:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1173:
1143:
1033:
1003:
998:
988:
983:
973:
888:
841:
811:
650:
443:
420:
354:
1976:
3240:
3025:
1981:
1946:
1878:
1771:
1709:
1602:
1530:
1523:
1380:
1313:
1263:
1253:
1128:
1048:
1008:
993:
960:
945:
816:
801:
754:
662:
620:
563:
558:
516:
339:
316:
223:
152:
81:
64:
2578:"Here Are the Laws Plausibly Broken by Israel in Its Raid on a West Bank Hospital"
3307:
3199:
2827:
2790:
2695:
2306:
2258:
1791:
1776:
1694:
1650:
1592:
1248:
1243:
1133:
1123:
1038:
1013:
955:
796:
726:
716:
568:
553:
476:
448:
248:
228:
76:
3274:
2843:
2801:
2501:
Myth and the Greatest Generation: A Social History of Americans in World War II
2147:
2130:
2122:
1966:
1714:
1138:
1098:
1076:
1063:
1053:
1023:
940:
893:
696:
687:
578:
531:
511:
501:
471:
438:
326:
283:
238:
110:
43:
2604:
2343:
and Dr. Aurel Sari, an associate professor of public international law at the
3337:
2895:
2774:
2310:
2298:
2160:
emblem of the red cross, red crescent or red lion and sun or of other emblems
2111:
1813:
1801:
1657:
1577:
1493:
1476:
1333:
1188:
1168:
851:
846:
826:
806:
721:
692:
667:
543:
521:
506:
481:
321:
243:
206:
201:
98:
2439:"The Kilmichael ambush and the outer limits of Irish historical revisionism"
2257:
were reported to often disguise their installations and transportation with
2945:
2849:
2747:
2340:
2000:
1926:
1906:
1901:
1796:
1741:
1375:
1370:
1193:
1108:
856:
590:
491:
288:
192:
3311:
2900:
2735:
2680:
2283:
2228:, was the scene of a notorious act of alleged perfidy. 36 members of the
2051:
1911:
1662:
1627:
1466:
1153:
1118:
831:
774:
677:
461:
182:
177:
2952:
2730:
2365:
2287:
2266:
2139:
2097:
2076:
2059:
2044:
2040:
1868:
1838:
1560:
929:
2640:
2504:
2360:
2262:
2188:
2134:
2063:
2055:
2036:
1858:
1682:
1632:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1432:
1223:
1218:
1183:
625:
311:
278:
167:
2555:"Videos Suggest Captive Russian Soldiers Were Killed at Close Range"
3289:
2940:
2770:
2093:
1873:
1848:
1481:
1113:
1088:
706:
261:
135:
2967:
2935:
2920:
2118:
2077:
Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949
1883:
1843:
1441:
1437:
784:
769:
645:
306:
301:
271:
210:
172:
2191:
or to the use of flags in the conduct of armed conflict at sea.
2605:
UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995 which bans perfidy
2420:"Kilmichael Ambush 28 November 1920 | Irish News Archives"
1390:
791:
608:
344:
2609:
2143:
866:
402:
397:
2158:
1. It is prohibited to make improper use of the distinctive
2107:(b) The feigning of an incapacitation by wounds or sickness;
2291:
162:
157:
2125:
or of neutral or other States not Parties to the conflict.
2117:(d) The feigning of protected status by the use of signs,
3264:
2028:
35:
2454:
The Anguish Of Surrender: Japanese POWs of World War II
2332:
Israeli forces have been accused of perfidy during the
2305:
at the trial in 1947 of the planner and commander of
2479:
2074:Perfidy is specifically prohibited under the 1977
2138:following are examples of such ruses: the use of
3335:
2523:Vol. IX, 1949: Trial of Otto Skorzeny and others
2517:Source: Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals.
2294:as readily as they might other enemy soldiers.
2625:
2336:by among others former executive director of
2008:
2498:
2632:
2618:
2015:
2001:
2349:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
16:War crime involving breaking of a promise
3256:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
2534:
2209:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
979:List of military strategies and concepts
2575:
2436:
2200:Disapproval of perfidy was part of the
3336:
2613:
2173:Article 39. – Emblems of nationality
2083:Article 37. – Prohibition of perfidy
2069:
2039:in which one side promises to act in
2686:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
2519:United Nations War Crimes Commission
2486:University of British Columbia Press
2050:Perfidy constitutes a breach of the
2313:. He was found not guilty by a US
13:
2691:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
2561:. 20 November 2022. Archived from
2547:
2437:Maxwell, Nick (October 28, 2020).
2096:of an intent to negotiate under a
14:
3370:
3180:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
2598:
2154:Article 38. – Recognized emblems
3318:
3317:
3123:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
53:
3213:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2569:
2282:of the Japanese throughout the
2273:" during the early days of the
2639:
2528:
2511:
2492:
2473:
2460:University of Washington Press
2445:
2430:
2412:
2394:
2303:international humanitarian law
2255:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
2110:(c) The feigning of civilian,
1:
2387:
2232:ambushed a truck carrying 18
3359:Law of war legal terminology
2753:International Criminal Court
2535:Koessler, Maxmillan (1959).
7:
3153:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2576:Schwarz, Jon (2024-01-31).
2480:Galen Roger Perras (2003).
2354:
2327:Makiivka surrender incident
2323:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1472:Military–industrial complex
951:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3375:
3127:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2383:(incorporated into US law)
2195:
18:
3304:
3233:
3068:
2986:
2862:
2813:Joint criminal enterprise
2763:
2743:Responsibility to protect
2671:
2660:
2647:
2243:Guerrilla Days in Ireland
2226:Irish War of Independence
2133:are not prohibited. Such
1536:Loss-of-strength gradient
393:Combat information center
2424:www.irishnewsarchive.com
2371:Inherent bad faith model
2240:claimed in his memoirs,
1854:Military science fiction
1339:Technology and equipment
760:List of military tactics
21:Perfidy (disambiguation)
3280:Crimes against humanity
3118:Libyan civil war (2011)
2978:Wartime sexual violence
2926:Human trophy collecting
2911:Enforced disappearances
2288:attempting to surrender
2211:, Article 23 includes:
1922:Wartime sexual violence
1678:Full-spectrum dominance
1489:Supply-chain management
2931:Indiscriminate attacks
2916:Extrajudicial killings
2787:Command responsibility
2381:War Crimes Act of 1996
2218:
2193:
2171:
2152:
2146:, mock operations and
2043:(such as by raising a
1834:Awards and decorations
1807:Peace through strength
1782:Low-intensity conflict
1416:Conscientious objector
1289:Area of responsibility
3251:List of global issues
3080:Gaza–Israel conflict
2906:Desecration of graves
2886:Collective punishment
2499:Kenneth Rose (2007).
2253:of World War II, the
2236:officers. IRA leader
2230:Irish Republican Army
2213:
2206:1907 Hague Convention
2175:
2156:
2085:
426:Torpedo data computer
416:Ship gun fire-control
3306:‡ Does not apply to
3285:Crimes of aggression
3267:international crimes
3165:Sri Lankan Civil War
2973:Use of human shields
2871:humanitarian workers
2565:on 26 November 2022.
2347:and a fellow at the
2345:University of Exeter
2275:Guadalcanal Campaign
2224:(1921), part of the
1952:Military occupations
1787:Military engineering
1689:Unrestricted Warfare
1546:Force multiplication
444:Military manoeuvrers
19:For other uses, see
3143:Russo-Ukrainian War
2780:Civilian casualties
2541:Missouri Law Review
2121:or uniforms of the
1638:Penal military unit
1623:Rules of engagement
1299:Command and control
924:Operations research
388:Director (military)
378:Fire-control system
148:Command and control
29:Part of a series on
3354:War crimes by type
3349:Military deception
3246:War crime apologia
3160:Second Chechen War
2863:War crimes by type
2823:Military necessity
2818:Medical neutrality
2736:Protocol II (1977)
2701:Geneva Conventions
2652:List of war crimes
2559:The New York Times
2338:Human Rights Watch
2280:perfidious actions
2234:Auxiliary Division
2070:Geneva Conventions
2027:In the context of
1747:Counter-insurgency
1668:Command of the sea
1613:Jewish laws on war
1588:Geneva Conventions
1124:Divide and conquer
919:Military operation
884:Tactical objective
383:Fire-control radar
360:Electronic-warfare
3344:Perfidy incidents
3331:
3330:
3300:
3299:
3241:War crimes trials
3069:War crimes by war
2858:
2857:
2838:Protected persons
2731:Protocol I (1977)
2468:978-0-295-98336-3
2376:Perfidious Albion
2315:military tribunal
2222:Kilmichael Ambush
2185:international law
2164:cultural property
2025:
2024:
1917:Horses in warfare
1864:Anti-war movement
1767:Gunboat diplomacy
1757:Disaster response
1705:Philosophy of war
1700:Principles of war
1673:Deterrence theory
1618:Right of conquest
1541:Lanchester's laws
1309:Principles of war
999:Counter-offensive
984:Military campaign
889:Target saturation
812:Counterinsurgency
421:Gun data computer
355:Close air support
317:Aircraft carriers
3366:
3321:
3320:
3262:
3261:
3170:Syrian civil war
3113:2006 Lebanon War
3076:Afghanistan wars
2828:Prisoners of war
2669:
2668:
2664:humanitarian law
2634:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2471:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2334:Israel-Hamas war
2290:and not to take
2259:protective signs
2080:, which states:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1772:Humanitarian aid
1710:Security dilemma
1531:Power projection
1314:Economy of force
1294:Chain of command
1009:Defence in depth
994:Commerce raiding
817:Defeat in detail
153:Defense ministry
57:
48:
47:
38:
26:
25:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3308:airborne forces
3296:
3275:Atrocity crimes
3260:
3229:
3064:
2989:committed by...
2988:
2982:
2891:Criminal orders
2854:
2833:Proportionality
2791:Superior orders
2759:
2696:Geneva Protocol
2663:
2656:
2643:
2638:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2584:
2574:
2570:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2533:
2529:
2516:
2512:
2497:
2493:
2478:
2474:
2452:Ulrich Straus,
2450:
2446:
2435:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2406:The Irish Times
2400:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2357:
2307:Operation Greif
2251:Pacific Theatre
2198:
2072:
2021:
1992:
1991:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1792:Multilateralism
1777:Law enforcement
1737:
1727:
1726:
1695:Just war theory
1653:
1643:
1642:
1593:Geneva Protocol
1563:
1553:
1552:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1159:Network-centric
1079:
1069:
1068:
976:
966:
965:
914:
904:
903:
852:Rapid dominance
757:
747:
746:
702:Electromagnetic
611:
601:
600:
587:
540:
488:
464:
454:
453:
449:Combat training
430:
407:
373:Combat systems:
369:
331:
327:Auxiliary ships
293:
253:
249:Military police
215:
138:
128:
127:
67:
41:
40:
39:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3234:Related topics
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
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3155:
3150:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3055:United Kingdom
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
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2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Hostage-taking
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Child soldiers
2878:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2844:Ruse de guerre
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2802:Hors de combat
2798:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2775:non-combatants
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2629:
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2608:
2607:
2600:
2599:External links
2597:
2594:
2593:
2568:
2546:
2527:
2510:
2507:. p. 264.
2491:
2488:. p. 232.
2472:
2444:
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2411:
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2391:
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2386:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2353:
2271:Goettge Patrol
2202:customary laws
2197:
2194:
2187:applicable to
2148:misinformation
2127:
2126:
2123:United Nations
2115:
2108:
2105:
2071:
2068:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1957:Military terms
1954:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
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1744:
1738:
1733:
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1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1715:Tripwire force
1707:
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1680:
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1237:Administrative
1235:
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1196:
1191:
1186:
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1164:New generation
1161:
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1146:
1141:
1139:Fleet in being
1136:
1131:
1126:
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1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1077:Grand strategy
1075:
1074:
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1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:Scorched earth
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
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1021:
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986:
977:
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948:
943:
941:Deep operation
938:
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742:Unconventional
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
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688:Disinformation
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439:Basic training
436:
429:
428:
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368:
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365:Reconnaissance
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309:
304:
299:
292:
291:
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284:Special forces
281:
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259:
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239:Reconnaissance
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108:
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91:
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82:Post-classical
79:
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68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3218:Yugoslav Wars
3216:
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3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
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3149:
3148:War in Donbas
3146:
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3141:
3137:
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3128:
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3087:
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3061:
3060:United States
3058:
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3046:
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3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2946:Mass killings
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
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2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Death marches
2899:
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2896:Death flights
2894:
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2727:
2726:Fourth (1949)
2724:
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2719:
2717:
2716:Second (1949)
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
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2662:International
2659:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
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2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2583:
2582:The Intercept
2579:
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2560:
2556:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2514:
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2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:Otto Skorzeny
2308:
2304:
2300:
2299:Dachau Trials
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
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2256:
2252:
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2239:
2235:
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2227:
2223:
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2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:non-combatant
2109:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:flag of truce
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2045:flag of truce
2042:
2038:
2035:is a form of
2034:
2030:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
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1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1893:
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1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
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1857:
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1847:
1845:
1844:Warrior caste
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1814:Show of force
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Peacebuilding
1800:
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1658:Air supremacy
1656:
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1639:
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1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
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1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Islamic rules
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:Court-martial
1576:
1574:
1571:
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1557:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
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1525:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Arms industry
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1443:
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1422:
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1197:
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1177:
1175:
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1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Broken-backed
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
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1037:
1035:
1032:
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1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
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992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
980:
975:
970:
969:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Expeditionary
934:
932:
931:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
913:
908:
907:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Counterattack
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
756:
751:
750:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Psychological
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
668:Combined arms
666:
664:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
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622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
605:
604:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
580:
577:
576:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
541:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Fortification
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
489:
483:
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478:
475:
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470:
469:
467:
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463:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
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435:
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431:
427:
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422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
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348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
328:
325:
323:
322:Landing craft
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
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300:
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295:
294:
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287:
285:
282:
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273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
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258:
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245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
208:
207:Standing army
205:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
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141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
105:
102:
100:
99:pike and shot
97:
96:
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92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
45:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
22:
3312:paratroopers
3203:
3202: /
3190:World War II
3089:2023–present
3038:Soviet Union
2957:
2875:parachutists
2873: /
2850:Safe conduct
2842:
2800:
2789: /
2748:Rome Statute
2721:Third (1949)
2711:First (1949)
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2571:
2563:the original
2558:
2549:
2540:
2530:
2513:
2500:
2494:
2481:
2475:
2453:
2447:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2341:Kenneth Roth
2331:
2320:
2296:
2261:such as the
2248:
2241:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2199:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2157:
2153:
2131:Ruses of war
2128:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2054:and so is a
2049:
2032:
2026:
1927:Fifth column
1907:War resister
1902:Women in war
1797:Peacekeeping
1742:Arms control
1687:
1607:
1376:Mobilization
1371:Conscription
1329:Intelligence
1282:Organization
928:
857:Encirclement
737:Radiological
673:Conventional
527:Subterranean
434:Development:
433:
410:
372:
334:
297:Naval units:
296:
289:Signal corps
256:
234:Intelligence
219:Specialties:
218:
143:Organization
94:Early modern
3185:World War I
3175:Tigray war‎
2869:Attacks on
2796:Distinction
2681:Lieber Code
2284:Pacific War
2249:During the
2114:status; and
2052:laws of war
1912:War studies
1735:Non-warfare
1663:Appeasement
1628:Martial law
1467:War economy
1406:Transgender
1359:Recruitment
1119:Containment
1004:Culminating
912:Operational
832:Envelopment
775:Air assault
656:Air cavalry
616:Air defence
596:Information
497:Cold-region
462:Battlespace
411:Historical:
257:Land units:
183:Space force
178:Coast guard
111:Late modern
72:Prehistoric
3338:Categories
3223:Kosovo War
3136:Second war
3108:Korean War
2987:War crimes
2963:Starvation
2953:No quarter
2641:War crimes
2587:2024-08-13
2456:(excerpts)
2388:References
2366:False flag
2321:Since the
2267:booby-trap
2140:camouflage
2060:combatants
2041:good faith
1972:War crimes
1962:Operations
1869:Foot drill
1839:Battle cry
1752:deterrence
1411:Harassment
1386:Specialism
1209:Technology
1204:Succession
1149:Liberation
1084:Asymmetric
1019:Empty fort
930:Blitzkrieg
899:Withdrawal
862:Investment
641:Camouflage
636:Biological
574:Underwater
549:Amphibious
468:Aerospace
335:Air units:
312:Submarines
121:fourth-gen
116:industrial
104:napoleonic
3205:Wehrmacht
3131:First war
3094:by Israel
3084:2008–2009
3021:Palestine
2941:Massacres
2771:Civilians
2505:Routledge
2458:Seattle:
2361:Bad faith
2263:red cross
2238:Tom Barry
2189:espionage
2102:surrender
2064:civilians
2056:war crime
2037:deception
1859:War novel
1762:Grey-zone
1722:War games
1683:Overmatch
1633:War crime
1583:Desertion
1573:Ceasefire
1568:Armistice
1455:Logistics
1433:Mercenary
1421:Volunteer
1352:Personnel
1324:Engineers
1269:Sociology
1224:World war
1219:Total war
1199:Strategic
1189:Religious
1174:Political
1169:Perpetual
1144:Irregular
1059:Offensive
1034:Defensive
1029:Deception
989:Attrition
842:Guerrilla
837:Formation
780:Airbridge
712:Loitering
626:Artillery
279:Artillery
229:Engineers
197:Irregular
168:Air force
3323:Category
3290:Genocide
3103:Iraq War
2470:, p. 116
2355:See also
2100:or of a
2094:feigning
2092:(a) The
1874:War song
1849:War film
1482:Materiel
1401:Children
1381:Training
1319:Medicine
1304:Doctrine
1259:Training
1194:Resource
1179:Princely
1129:Economic
1114:Conquest
1109:Colonial
1104:Cold war
1089:Blockade
974:Strategy
946:Maneuver
707:Infantry
663:Chemical
517:Mountain
477:Airborne
340:Fighters
307:Warships
262:Infantry
188:Reserves
136:Military
3001:Germany
2996:Croatia
2968:Torture
2958:Perfidy
2936:Looting
2673:Sources
2462:, 2003
2297:At the
2196:History
2119:emblems
2033:perfidy
1987:Writers
1982:Weapons
1947:Battles
1896:Related
1884:Wargame
1879:Uniform
1827:Culture
1608:Perfidy
1603:Justice
1524:Science
1509:Outpost
1462:History
1442:Warrior
1438:Soldier
1426:foreign
1364:counter
1264:Service
1214:Theater
1154:Limited
1134:Endemic
1049:Nuclear
822:Foxhole
797:Cavalry
785:Airdrop
770:Airlift
755:Tactics
727:Nuclear
717:Missile
646:Cavalry
631:Barrage
609:Weapons
569:Surface
350:Command
345:Bombers
302:Frogman
272:Cavalry
244:Medical
211:Militia
193:Regular
173:Marines
87:castles
77:Ancient
65:History
44:outline
3310:(i.e.
3265:Other
3195:Allied
3050:Turkey
3045:Serbia
3033:Russia
3006:Israel
2808:Intent
2764:Topics
2466:
2144:decoys
1967:Sieges
1651:Theory
1391:Morale
1249:Policy
1244:Branch
1024:Mosaic
1014:Fabian
961:Covert
894:Trench
879:Screen
802:Charge
792:Battle
765:Aerial
683:Denial
651:Horses
579:Seabed
532:Tunnel
512:Jungle
502:Desert
472:Aerial
3026:Hamas
3016:Japan
3011:Italy
2135:ruses
1940:Lists
1396:Women
1334:Ranks
1254:Staff
1184:Proxy
1099:Class
1054:Naval
1039:Depth
874:Swarm
867:Siege
847:Naval
827:Drone
722:Music
697:Robot
693:Drone
678:Cyber
621:Armor
591:Cyber
564:Green
559:Brown
522:Urban
482:Space
403:Radar
398:Sonar
267:Armor
224:Staff
202:Ranks
3200:Axis
2773:and
2706:1864
2464:ISBN
2292:POWs
2220:The
2062:and
1977:Wars
1494:Base
1044:Goal
956:Raid
554:Blue
492:Land
163:Navy
158:Army
2129:2.
2029:war
1561:Law
1504:FOB
1499:MOB
544:Sea
36:War
3340::
3314:)
2580:.
2557:.
2539:.
2521:.
2503:.
2484:.
2422:.
2404:.
2351:.
2329:.
2309:,
2265:,
2166:.
2150:.
2142:,
2066:.
2031:,
1440:/
695:/
209:/
195:/
2877:‡
2633:e
2626:t
2619:v
2590:.
2543:.
2441:.
2426:.
2408:.
2104:;
2016:e
2009:t
2002:v
46:)
42:(
23:.
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