Welsh people - Knowledge

3607: 2473: 2458: 9803: 3576: 3252: 2083: 1153: 2963:. Controversy surrounding the method of determining ethnicity began as early as 2000, when it was revealed that respondents in Scotland and Northern Ireland would be able to tick a box describing themselves as of Scottish or of Irish ethnicity, an option not available for Welsh or English respondents. Prior to the census, Plaid Cymru backed a petition calling for the inclusion of a Welsh tick-box and for the National Assembly to have primary law-making powers and its own 8053: 3221:– the first legislation specifically issued for Wales since the Middle Ages. From the early 1960s, local council areas were permitted to hold referendums every seven years to determine whether they should be "wet" or "dry" on Sundays: most of the industrialised areas in the east and south went "wet" immediately, and by the 1980s the last district, Dwyfor in the northwest, went wet; since then there have been no more Sunday-closing referendums. 7608: 3777: 1087: 2675: 238: 3299:, whose controversial comments in 2001 focused attention on the issue. As many as a third of all properties in Gwynedd are bought by people from outside Wales. The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language complicates the issue, as many new residents do not learn the Welsh language. 3401:, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales. However, Cardiff is now home to an urban Welsh-speaking population (both from other parts of Wales and from the growing Welsh-medium schools of Cardiff itself) due to the centralisation and concentration of national resources and organisations in the capital. 4000: 2776:

with DNA found in skeletons from Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon era Yorkshire. The study found that most of the Iron Age and Roman era Britons showed strong similarities with both each other and modern-day Welsh populations, while modern southern and eastern English groups were closer to a later Anglo-Saxon burial.

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Due to an increase in Welsh-language nursery education, recent census data reveals a reversal of decades of linguistic decline: there are now more Welsh speakers under five years of age than over 60. For many young people in Wales, the acquisition of Welsh is a gateway to better careers, according to

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A study of a diverse sample of 2,039 individuals from the United Kingdom allowed the creation of a genetic map and the suggestion that there was a substantial migration of peoples from Europe prior to Roman times forming a strong ancestral component across England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, but

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In the absence of a Welsh tick-box, the only tick-boxes available were 'white-British,' 'Irish', or 'other'. The Scottish parliament insisted that a Scottish ethnicity tick-box be included in the census in Scotland, and with this inclusion as many as 88.11% claimed Scottish ethnicity. Critics argued

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Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015).

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Welsh settlers moved to other parts of Europe, concentrated in certain areas. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a small wave of contract miners from Wales arrived in Northern France; the centres of Welsh-French population are in coal mining towns, and particularly the French department

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According to the 2001 census the number of Welsh speakers in Wales increased for the first time in 100 years, with 20.5% of a population of over 2.9 million claiming fluency in Welsh. In addition, 28% of the population of Wales claimed to understand Welsh. The census revealed that the increase was

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forbade the use of Welsh in any proceedings. Only English was allowed as the only language all members were assumed to speak. In 2017, the UK government agreed to support the use of Welsh in the Welsh Grand Committee, although not in parliamentary debate in the house outside of this committee. In

2931:, as death rates dropped and birth rates remained steady. However, there was also a large-scale migration into Wales during the Industrial Revolution. The English were the most numerous group, but there were also considerable numbers of Irish; and smaller numbers of other ethnic groups, including 2783:

A third study, published in 2020 and based on Viking era data from across Europe, suggested that the Welsh trace, on average, 58% of their ancestry to the Brittonic people, up to 22% from a Danish-like source interpreted as largely representing the Anglo-Saxons, 3% from Norwegian Vikings, and 13%

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The post-Roman period saw a significant alteration in the genetic makeup of southern Britain due to the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons; however, historical evidence suggests that Wales was little affected by these migrations. A study published in 2016 compared samples from modern Britain and Ireland

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Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman,

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Margaryan, Ashot; Lawson, Daniel J.; Sikora, Martin; Racimo, Fernando; Rasmussen, Simon; Moltke, Ida; Cassidy, Lara M.; Jørsboe, Emil; Ingason, Andrés; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Wilhelmson, Helene; Buś, Magdalena M.; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Martiniano, Rui (September 2020).

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in English. However, a large number of Welsh speakers are more comfortable expressing themselves in Welsh than in English. Some prefer to speak English in South Wales or the urbanised areas and Welsh in the North or in rural areas. A speaker's choice of language can vary according to the subject

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found that 718,000 people (nearly 35% of the Welsh population) have a family name of Welsh origin, compared with 5.3% in the rest of the United Kingdom, 4.7% in New Zealand, 4.1% in Australia, and 3.8% in the United States, with an estimated 16.3 million people in the countries studied having at

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argues that even at the time of the erection of Offa's Dyke, the people to its west saw themselves as Roman, citing the number of Latin inscriptions still being made into the 8th century. However, it is unclear whether such inscriptions reveal a general or normative use of Latin as a marker of

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Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016).

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As of the 2011 census in Wales, 66 per cent (2.0 million) of residents reported a Welsh national identity (either on its own or combined with other identities). Of these, 218,000 responded that they had Welsh and British national identity. Just under 17 per cent (519,000) of people in Wales

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once spoken throughout most of the island of Great Britain. Prior to the 20th century, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh, with little or no fluent knowledge of English. Welsh remains the predominant language in parts of Wales, particularly in North Wales and parts of West Wales.

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A survey published in 2001, by the Centre for Research into Elections and Social Trends at Oxford University (sample size 1161), found that 14.6 per cent of respondents described themselves as British, not Welsh; 8.3 per cent saw themselves as more British than Welsh; 39.0 per cent described

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Another study, using Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon samples from Cambridgeshire, concluded that modern Welsh people carry a 30% genetic contribution from Anglo-Saxon settlers in the post-Roman period; however, this could have been brought about due to later migration from England into Wales.

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For some, speaking Welsh is an important part of their Welsh identity. Parts of the culture are strongly connected to the language — notably the Eisteddfod tradition, poetry and aspects of folk music and dance. Wales also has a strong tradition of poetry in the English language.

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The Deceangli, the Ordovices and the Silures were the three main tribe groups who lived in the mountains of what is today called Wales. However, in prehistory Wales, England and Scotland did not exist in any way as distinctive entities in the ways they have done so for the last 1000

3996: 2181:. The Welsh language is also taught in schools in Wales; and, even in regions of Wales in which Welsh people predominantly speak English on a daily basis, the Welsh language is spoken at home among family or in informal settings, with Welsh speakers often engaging in 3963: 2803:

which had little impact in Wales. Wales forms a distinct genetic group, followed by a further division between north and south Wales, although there was evidence of a genetic difference between north and south Pembrokeshire as separated by the

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Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016).

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Internationally Welsh people have emigrated, in relatively small numbers (in proportion to population, Irish emigration to the US may have been 26 times greater than Welsh emigration), to many countries, including the US (in particular,

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that a higher proportion of respondents would have described themselves as of Welsh ethnicity had a Welsh tick-box been made available. Additional criticism was levelled at the timing of the census, which was taken in the middle of the

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However, the same census shows that 25% of residents were born outside Wales. The number of Welsh speakers in other places in Britain is uncertain, but there are significant numbers in the main cities, and there are speakers along the

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or chapel goers (a slightly smaller proportion than in England or Scotland), although about 58% of the population see themselves as Christian in some form. Judaism has quite a long history in Wales, with a Jewish community recorded in

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Despite Christianity dominating Wales, more ancient traditions persisted. In 1874 it was reported as common for an officiant to walk in front of the coffin with a horse's skull, which may be a tradition linked with the

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For the first time ever in British census history the 2011 Census gave the opportunity for people to describe their identity as Welsh or English. A 'dress rehearsal' of the Census was carried out on the Welsh island of

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considered themselves to have a British national identity only. Most residents of Wales (96 per cent, 2.9 million) reported at least one national identity of English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish, or British.

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has retained a sizeable Jewish population, of about 2000 in the 2001 Census. The largest non-Christian faith in Wales is Islam, with about 22,000 members in 2001 served by about 40 mosques, following the

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The decline in Welsh speakers in much of rural Wales is attributable to non-Welsh-speaking residents moving to North Wales, driving up property prices above what locals may afford, according to former

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was sometimes referred to as "Little Wales", and one of several communities where Welsh was widely spoken. There was a Welsh language press but by the late 1940s, the last Welsh language newspaper,

3606: 5617: 3010:(ONS) launched a census consultation exercise. They received replies from 28 different Welsh organisations and a large proportion of these referred to Welsh ethnicity, language or identity. 3932: 3705:

settlement, lays claim to a greater proportion of inhabitants of Welsh descent than anywhere outside Wales itself. Malad's local High School is known as the "Malad Dragons", and flies the

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In the census, 14% of the population took the 'extra step' to write in that they were of Welsh ethnicity. The highest percentage of those identifying as of Welsh ethnicity was recorded in

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and Careers Wales. The Welsh Government identified media as one of six areas likely to experience greater demand for Welsh speakers: the sector is Wales's third-largest revenue earner.

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A 2015 genetic survey of modern British population groups found a distinct genetic difference between those from northern and southern Wales, which was interpreted as the legacy of

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A Plaid Cymru taskforce headed by Dafydd Wigley recommended land should be allocated for affordable local housing, called for grants for locals to buy houses, and recommended that

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The population of Wales doubled from 587,000 in 1801 to 1,163,000 in 1851 and had reached 2,421,000 by 1911. Most of the increase came in the coal mining districts; especially

3488:. The red dragon was then included in the Tudor royal arms to signify their Welsh descent. It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Since the British 3765:

as a child, her parents were advised that it would aid her recovery to live in a warmer climate. This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide.

5927: 5403: 3357:(Senedd) and entered on its records, with English translation. The high cost of translation from English to Welsh has proved controversial. In the past the rules of the 8013: 6078: 5832: 3284:

the percentage fell from 59.1% in 1991 to 51.8% in 2001, to 47.3% in 2011 and to 45.3% in 2021. Ceredigion saw a 19.5% influx of new residents between 1991 and 2001.

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did not offer 'Welsh' as an option; respondents had to use a box marked "Other". Ninety-six per cent of the population of Wales thus described themselves as being

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themselves as equally Welsh and British; 20.2 per cent saw themselves as more Welsh than British; and 17.9 per cent described themselves as Welsh, not British.

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its high numbers of Welsh speakers. The Census, taken on 27 March 2011, asked a number of questions relating to nationality and national identity, including

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and other ancient Celtic leaders. Following the annexation of Wales by England, the dragon was used as a supporter in the English monarch's coat of arms.

5119: 3940: 2689: 2998:(19%). Among respondents between 16 and 74 years of age, those claiming Welsh ethnicity were predominantly in professional and managerial occupations. 1972: 4196: 2359:, meaning "fellow-countrymen". Thus, they carry a sense of "land of fellow-countrymen", "our country", and notions of fraternity. The use of the word 6911: 2277:, evolved into the name for the territory that best maintained cultural continuity with pre-Anglo-Saxon Britain: Wales. The modern names for various 6262: 3341:, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of 4521: 6377: 4975: 4683: 4571: 3191: 5086: 10233: 6159: 2545:

culture remained in the areas the Romans had settled, and the pre-Roman cultures in others. The people in what is now Wales continued to speak

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in particular. As the Britons' territories shrank, the term came ultimately to be applied to a smaller group of people, and the plural form of

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or semi-fluent in the Welsh language or, to varying degrees, capable of speaking or understanding the language at limited or conversational

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were damaged by mobs. Since that time the Jewish population of that area, which reached a peak of 4,000–5,000 in 1913, has declined; only

10523: 10401: 7352: 5979: 3817: 3510:, part of the national flag design, is also a popular Welsh symbol. The oldest recorded use of the dragon to symbolise Wales is from the 2106: 1215: 10355: 9904: 6224: 1117: 9836: 9739: 7711: 7682: 6321: 2972: 5506:

Lucas Quensel von Kalben, "The British Church and the Emergence of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom", in T. Dickinson and D. Griffiths, eds,

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community is Britain's oldest Muslim community, established when the city was one of the world's largest coal exporting ports.

2099: 10365: 9948: 9769: 8158: 7257: 6433: 6297: 4634: 4180: 2026: 1681: 1541: 1176: 1004: 6343: 6070: 3904: 10223: 7467: 7008: 6121: 5564: 2976: 2923:, which grew from 71,000 in 1801 to 232,000 in 1851 and 1,122,000 in 1911. Part of this increase can be attributed to the 2732: 2510:. The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain; all were called 2452: 2394: 673: 6688: 6188: 5254: 2530:

migrations into Great Britain, in which case the Celticisation of Britain would have occurred through cultural diffusion.

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The process whereby the indigenous population of Wales came to think of themselves as "Welsh" (a name applied to them by

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relationship of the Welsh with the Brythonic-speaking peoples of northern England and southern Scotland, the peoples of "

1241: 6463: 10433: 10360: 9909: 7035: 4460: 2606:(referring not to the people but to the land—and possibly to northern Britain in addition to Wales) is found in a poem 2021: 1808: 1651: 583: 5949: 5454: 9237: 9050: 7153: 6577: 6554: 6535: 6516: 6490: 5494: 4659: 4558: 4388: 4376:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. English and Welsh, an O'Donnell Lecture delivered at Oxford on 21 October 1955. 4119:

The 1996 census, which used a slightly different question, reported 9,966 people belonging to the Welsh ethnic group.

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are symbols of Wales. The origin of the leek can be traced back to the 16th century and the daffodil, encouraged by

3121:. In the 2001, around 7,000 classified themselves as following "other religions", including a reconstructed form of 2711: 2375:). The word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century. It is attested in a praise poem to 10092: 6852: 6847: 5200: 5171: 3727:, a Native American tribe of the central United States, are Welsh emigrants who reached North America under Prince 3145:

from around 1730. In August 1911, during a period of public order and industrial disputes, Jewish shops across the

2198: 1947: 1870: 1803: 1732: 1656: 338: 333: 4705: 4280: 4086: 3754:(Юзовка) in recognition of his role in its founding ("Yuz" being a Russian or Ukrainian approximation of Hughes). 3133:

of Wales). Approximately one third of the population, some 980,000 people, profess no religious faith whatsoever.

683: 7644: 7158: 6099: 5854: 3791: 3218: 2147: 1453: 1372: 569: 17: 7374: 3657:, carrying Welsh settlers to Canada; on board were 27 Cardiganian families, many of whom were farmers. In 1852, 10666: 7394: 6797: 5621: 5515: 4731:

Olalde, I; et al. (May 2017). "The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe".

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Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 10: Papers for the 47th Sachsensymposium, York, September 1996

5115: 2718: 2657:"Englishry" and "Welshry" is still detectable today. The terms Englishry and Welshry are used similarly about 10438: 9829: 9220: 7579: 6832: 6827: 6777: 3242: 3171: 3094: 2031: 2008: 1671: 1163: 1143: 378: 318: 313: 263: 7487: 3217:

was also historically strong among the Welsh; the sale of alcohol was prohibited on Sundays in Wales by the

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A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest (Note to Chapter VI, the Name "Cymry")

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along with miners from many other countries. They tended to cluster in communities around their churches.

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with an increase from 9% in 1991 to 12.3% in 2001. However, the proportion of Welsh speakers declined in

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most significant in urban areas, such as Cardiff with an increase from 6.6% in 1991 to 10.9% in 2001, and

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Recent research on ancient DNA has concluded that much of Britain's Neolithic population was replaced by

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In 2001, it is uncertain how many people in Wales considered themselves to be of Welsh ethnicity; the

2553:, as did people in other areas of western and northern Britain; this language eventually evolved into 2169:) is protected by law. Welsh remains the predominant language in many parts of Wales, particularly in 10228: 9225: 9060: 8688: 7554: 7233: 7187: 7078: 7003: 6772: 5651: 4060: 3739: 3638: 3447: 2352: 1843: 1823: 1755: 1695: 1312: 1103: 767: 757: 424: 258: 31: 9025: 5641:

Merthyr Telegraph, and General Advertiser for the Iron Districts of South Wales - Friday 01 May 1874

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The Welsh People: Chapters On Their Origin, History, Laws, Language, Literature, And Characteristics

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Around 1.75 million Americans report themselves to have Welsh ancestry, as did 458,705 Canadians in

601: 544: 10782: 10508: 10380: 10019: 9889: 9822: 9565: 8999: 8975: 8301: 7379: 7342: 7252: 7213: 6938: 6916: 6901: 6822: 6792: 4118: 4021: 3852: 3481: 1589: 1036: 308: 278: 7332: 4440:. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Co. (published 1912). pp. 191–192. 728: 9899: 9276: 8924: 8470: 8189: 8008: 7898: 7532: 7364: 7359: 7337: 7163: 7025: 7013: 6993: 6933: 6921: 5855:"Memorandum from the Clerk of the House Use of Welsh in the Welsh Grand Committee at Westminster" 5318: 4226: 4222: 4022: 3485: 2936: 2232: 2151: 1942: 1574: 1134: 718: 2975:. Organisers said that this had not affected the results. The foot-and-mouth crisis delayed the 2522:. This language, and Celtic culture more generally, seems to have arrived in Britain during the 631: 10053: 9866: 9744: 9663: 9626: 8698: 7988: 7983: 7138: 7093: 6906: 6787: 6399: 3658: 3078: 2924: 2197:

levels. The Welsh language is descended from Brythonic, spoken across Britain since before the

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There has been migration from Wales to the rest of Britain throughout its history. During the

10777: 10656: 10501: 10197: 9510: 9325: 9070: 8970: 8341: 8184: 8163: 7542: 7457: 7389: 7347: 7309: 7277: 7098: 6874: 6719: 4969: 4452: 3592: 3155: 3146: 3066: 2928: 2087: 1982: 1788: 1629: 1614: 1609: 1470: 1439: 1031: 979: 964: 792: 663: 404: 167: 150: 6217: 3617:(1797–1801), whose paternal great-grandfather David Adams, born and bred at Fferm Penybanc, 2935:

migrated to South Wales. Wales received other immigration from various parts of the British

10275: 10117: 9653: 9525: 9259: 8909: 8306: 8229: 8038: 7963: 7584: 7323: 7128: 6644: 6239: 5003: 4732: 4474: 3807: 3686: 3650: 3600: 3544: 3500: 3331: 3311: 3125:, which was the pre-Christian religion of Wales (not to be confused with the Druids of the 2564: 2511: 2476: 2410: 2262: 2194: 1902: 1619: 1527: 1465: 1434: 1412: 1328: 984: 860: 606: 559: 6842: 6313: 3535:, became popular in the 19th century. This may be due to confusion of the Welsh for leek, 2725: 2457: 668: 328: 8: 10741: 10661: 10518: 10465: 10453: 10154: 10029: 9969: 9934: 9802: 9540: 9409: 9339: 9320: 9299: 9232: 9055: 8929: 8749: 8734: 8729: 8683: 8658: 8331: 8224: 8209: 8023: 7842: 7637: 7567: 7419: 7384: 7040: 6837: 4166: 3867: 3496: 3214: 3069:

have dominated religious life in what is now Wales for more than 1,400 years. Most Welsh

2765: 2376: 1927: 1897: 1745: 1579: 1046: 1041: 907: 749: 678: 596: 323: 207: 8939: 6648: 5879: 5792: 5007: 4615:, pp. 65–66): Davies places the change from Brythonic to Welsh between 400 and 700. 3575: 10551: 10513: 10496: 10443: 10417: 10243: 10189: 10024: 9984: 9929: 9884: 9706: 9437: 9330: 9294: 9215: 9170: 9065: 8891: 8782: 8739: 8668: 8475: 8250: 8018: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7903: 7760: 7716: 7562: 7429: 7294: 7286: 7218: 7173: 6988: 6862: 6802: 6665: 6632: 6619: 5765: 5732: 5672: 5284: 5219: 5024: 4991: 4952: 4845: 4787: 3713: 3532: 3516:, written around 820, but it is popularly supposed to have been the battle standard of 3512: 3358: 3280:

from 72.1% in 1991 to 68.7% in 2001, to 65.4% in 2011 and 64.4% in 2021. Similarly, in

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by his supporters on 16 September 1400. The last native Welsh person to hold the title.

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Welsh in Pennsylvania by Matthew S. Magda (1986), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. From

6141: 5529:"2011 Census: First Results for Ethnicity, National Identity, and Religion for Wales" 5511: 5490: 5349: 5149: 5029: 4957: 4939: 4898: 4890: 4850: 4832: 4813:"Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history" 4792: 4774: 4655: 4630: 4554: 4431: 4176: 3992: 3857: 3796: 3694: 3666: 3563: 3342: 3338: 3273: 3060: 2364: 2278: 2056: 2042: 1977: 1907: 1833: 1798: 1549: 954: 708: 655: 534: 477: 464: 268: 3709:

as its school colours. Welsh people have also settled in New Zealand and Australia.

3251: 10716: 10582: 10574: 10559: 10491: 10458: 10168: 10014: 9894: 9871: 9861: 9599: 9560: 9515: 9502: 9422: 9401: 9304: 9249: 8934: 8754: 8673: 8485: 8265: 8204: 8094: 7973: 7968: 7938: 7908: 7862: 7824: 7690: 7517: 7512: 7267: 7200: 7168: 7116: 6998: 6983: 6966: 6896: 6891: 6807: 6764: 6754: 6660: 6652: 6603: 6292:(1stition ed.). The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 65, 313–318. 6133: 5019: 5011: 4947: 4931: 4882: 4840: 4824: 4782: 4766: 4369: 3837: 3762: 3603:. As a result, some people from England, Scotland and Ireland have Welsh surnames. 3436: 3408: 3382: 3354: 3317:

Even among Welsh speakers, very few people speak only Welsh, with nearly all being

3264: 3170:. Islam arrived in Wales in the mid 19th century, and it is thought that Cardiff's 3136:

The census showed that slightly fewer than 10% of the Welsh population are regular

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does not have any Welsh representation, the Flag of Wales has become very popular.

2461: 2062: 10736: 10625: 10587: 10329: 10270: 10146: 9994: 9939: 9642: 9580: 9520: 9483: 9455: 9417: 9382: 9362: 9145: 9135: 9120: 9007: 8814: 8678: 8441: 8296: 8255: 8245: 8089: 8028: 7948: 7943: 7928: 7923: 7836: 7462: 7411: 7018: 6689:

BBC Wales: Welsh Comings and Goings: The history of migration in and out of Wales

6400:"Estimated from population of Wales from 2001 census (2,903,085Census 2001 Wales" 6347: 6228: 6107: 5382: 4170: 4125: 3893: 3832: 3622: 3555: 3386: 3137: 3086: 3074: 3070: 2987: 2658: 2642: 2465: 2312: 2190: 2186: 1517: 1502: 1494: 1480: 1475: 1419: 1400: 1385: 1380: 1272: 939: 912: 830: 539: 460: 199: 5556: 4755:"Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons" 4087:"City of Aberdeen: Census Stats and Facts page 25, section 18, Country of birth" 3255:

The proportion of respondents in the 2011 census who said they could speak Welsh

626: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10602: 10592: 10564: 10312: 10295: 10290: 10159: 9924: 9919: 9845: 9681: 9671: 9647: 9594: 9550: 9465: 9445: 9427: 9372: 9367: 9335: 9180: 9160: 8985: 8886: 8865: 8860: 8497: 8431: 8426: 8415: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8199: 8194: 8153: 8080: 8066: 7978: 7953: 7918: 7877: 7867: 7803: 7790: 7730: 7674: 7666: 7657: 7630: 7502: 7299: 7262: 7247: 7242: 6884: 6879: 6817: 6693: 6196: 5655: 5315:"Scottish Parliament's Review of Census Ethnicity Classifications Consultation" 4550: 3862: 3842: 3827: 3743: 3723:

There is no known evidence which would objectively support the legend that the

3412: 3369:

is largely concentrated in the less urban north and west of Wales, principally

3366: 3323: 3260: 3238: 2932: 2920: 2808: 2584: 2550: 2542: 2480: 2347: 2205: 2182: 2162: 2158: 2131: 1838: 1765: 1424: 1407: 1287: 1267: 1262: 1193: 1056: 974: 969: 926: 902: 894: 880: 806: 388: 369: 303: 219: 195: 187: 142: 10630: 6137: 5980:"BBC – Hereford and Worcester – About Herefordshire – Herefordshire in Wales?" 4919: 4886: 4754: 4355:, 1990, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1965), footnote 13 p. 86. Henry wrote the same about 10771: 10597: 10280: 10076: 9954: 9478: 9450: 9357: 9349: 9091: 9043: 8829: 8777: 8506: 8446: 8436: 8336: 8311: 8102: 7572: 7304: 7228: 6250: 6145: 4943: 4894: 4836: 4778: 3847: 3758: 3654: 3631: 3614: 3584: 3580: 3477: 3454: 3390: 3246: 2960: 2944: 2940: 2804: 2654: 2650: 2526:, though some archaeologists argue that there is no evidence for large-scale 2487: 2225:

The names "Wales" and "Welsh" are modern descendants of the Anglo-Saxon word

1599: 1564: 1512: 1395: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1323: 1318: 1200: 1188: 1152: 1026: 959: 934: 616: 554: 496: 399: 373: 183: 67: 6698: 4870: 4812: 2792:

and can possibly be related to French immigration during the Norman period.

10711: 9796: 9589: 9377: 8901: 8855: 8794: 8703: 8480: 8458: 8451: 7893: 7818: 7740: 7612: 7589: 7060: 6674: 6615: 5461: 5033: 4961: 4902: 4854: 4796: 4490:, p. 71): The poem contains the line: 'Ar wynep Kymry Cadwallawn was'. 3822: 3782: 3674: 3374: 2595: 2534: 2491: 2258: 2250: 2139: 1952: 1708: 1333: 1294: 1171: 1091: 1061: 1051: 845: 739: 203: 8085: 3499:

is sometimes used as an alternative to the national flag, and is flown on

3034:('White Welsh/English/Scottish/Northern Irish/British' was an option) and 10726: 10307: 10207: 9999: 9959: 9914: 9856: 9711: 9696: 9097: 9016: 8824: 8809: 8799: 8772: 8598: 8551: 8463: 8214: 7831: 7735: 7622: 7527: 3747: 3517: 3346: 3303: 3296: 3163: 2402: 2254: 2178: 2170: 1703: 1584: 1559: 1358: 1299: 1181: 1066: 870: 825: 703: 688: 621: 472: 191: 127: 10635: 8366: 8137: 6656: 5487:

Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850

5015: 4935: 4828: 4770: 4272: 4221:

The Welsh language has been protected gradually and most notably by the

2587:

was erected in the mid-8th century, forming a barrier between Wales and

10706: 10640: 9634: 9622: 9075: 9039: 8839: 8804: 8764: 8356: 8123: 8114: 7223: 6812: 6160:"2019 marks bi-centenary of the Albion sailing from Cardigan to Canada" 5386:

published in Western Mail, 17 December 2009 (Retrieved 17 October 2011)

5376:

Pioneering census questionnaire for Wales will help us shape the future

3706: 3610: 3489: 3394: 3281: 3183: 3167: 3130: 2991: 2769: 2559: 2368: 2342:

is the Welsh name for Wales. These words (both of which are pronounced

2174: 2067: 1994: 1604: 850: 835: 636: 549: 509: 504: 482: 298: 163: 6426:"Was there an Indian tribe descended from Welsh explorers to America?" 2227: 855: 10620: 9979: 9034: 8146: 7424: 7208: 7088: 7070: 4356: 4352:, Institut Jules Destrée, Coll. "Notre histoire", Mont-sur-Marchienne 4162: 3682: 3618: 3596: 3424: 3420: 3398: 3318: 3226: 3098: 3030:(for the first time 'Welsh' and 'English' were included as options), 2576: 2572: 2554: 2507: 2495: 2439:, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. 2290: 2049: 2036: 1718: 1713: 693: 611: 519: 429: 107: 97: 8346: 8052: 6566:

The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism

4245:"The Welsh diaspora : Analysis of the geography of Welsh names" 10322: 10285: 10173: 10127: 10004: 9691: 9155: 8608: 8563: 8527: 8515: 8361: 8321: 8141: 8133: 8128: 8110: 8033: 7770: 7765: 7750: 6122:"Migration and Ethnicity in Coalfield History: Global Perspectives" 5455:"CREST Minority Nationalism published 2001, extracted 14 July 2010" 4737: 4093: 3872: 3716:. This compares with 2.9 million people living in Wales (as of the 3678: 3665:

established a settlement of about 100 Welsh people in the state of

3662: 3642: 3524: 3416: 3263:

family; historically spoken throughout Wales, with its predecessor

3203: 3182:

each have about 5,000 adherents in Wales, with the rural county of

3179: 3175: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3015: 2598:) is not clear. There is plenty of evidence of the use of the term 2580: 2568: 2413:, including the Welsh, and was the more common literary term until 2286: 1554: 591: 117: 8376: 6290:

Welsh Americans : a History of Assimilation in the Coalfields

3476:), a popular symbol of Wales and the Welsh people, along with the 10302: 10163: 10112: 9814: 9701: 9676: 9555: 9530: 9165: 9130: 9103: 9030: 9012: 8603: 8539: 8168: 7798: 7775: 6711: 5827: 4751: 4514:"BBC History – Ancient History in-depth:Native Tribes of Britain" 4304:"The Semantic Field of Slavery in Old English: Wealh, Esne, Þræl" 3735: 3370: 3288: 3277: 3195: 3187: 3159: 3150: 3142: 3126: 3118: 3110: 2983: 2646: 2614: 2503: 2499: 1594: 1569: 875: 524: 440: 435: 77: 10122: 10045: 6041:"Bore da! Cheshire West revealed as most Welsh place in England" 3353:(Welsh Language Society). The language is used in the bilingual 3198:, is a focal point for many Welsh Hindus. There are about 2,000 2272: 2266: 2213:

least partial Welsh ancestry. Over 300,000 Welsh people live in

2189:. In the English-speaking areas of Wales, many Welsh people are 237: 10671: 10317: 10202: 10102: 9686: 9473: 9255:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

9175: 9150: 9114: 9108: 9021: 8944: 8870: 8789: 8291: 7780: 7725: 7050: 3724: 3702: 3507: 3467: 3362:

2018 Welsh was used in the grand committee for the first time.

2588: 2302: 2296: 2249:

and which came to refer indiscriminately to inhabitants of the

2246: 2237: 2214: 1225: 944: 87: 6010:"Watch: 43 years on – should Oswestry be in England or Wales?" 4138:"Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics" 3543:

or St. Peter's leek. Both are worn as symbols by the Welsh on

2629:. Although the Welsh language was certainly used at the time, 10178: 10107: 8575: 8381: 8326: 8219: 7813: 7755: 7745: 7703: 7653: 6742: 4988: 4916: 3728: 3698: 3378: 3114: 2789: 2785: 2494:

encountered tribes in present-day Wales that they called the

2242: 2143: 1252: 840: 698: 57: 6633:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 6071:"Why the people of Shrewsbury are 'more Welsh' than Cardiff" 5920:"St David's Day: why are Liverpool's Welsh links so strong?" 4992:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 4920:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 3637:

Settlers from Wales (and later Patagonian Welsh) arrived in

3562:, who was the first Prince of Wales to bear the emblem. The 3480:

colours of green and white. It was used by Henry VII at the

2537:, claiming a heritage back to the Iron Age tribes. When the 10097: 8834: 8371: 8351: 8286: 8119: 4867: 4809: 3528: 3199: 2405:

to describe the Welsh, though the older, more generic term

514: 5447: 2613:. The name of the region in northern England now known as 4389:"Laudator Temporis Acti: More on the Etymology of Walden" 3464: 3162:. A college for training clerics has been established at 5880:"MPs speak Welsh in parliamentary debate for first time" 5586:

Wales, Father Luke Holden – Orthodox Christian Contact.

5950:"Ashton-in-Makerfield U3A – About Ashton-in-Makerfield" 8567: 8953: 5431:. Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. 5049:"DNA shows Welsh and Cornish to be 'purest' Britons" 3961: 3772: 3595:

thousands of Welsh people migrated, for example, to

2947:

communities immigrated particularly to urban Wales.

6694:

BBC News report: The Numbers of Welsh (and Cornish)

5618:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 5429:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 5348:. Statistics.gov.uk. 8 January 2004. Archived from 4706:"Gower Historical Processes, Themes and Background" 4572:"What happened after the fall of the Roman Empire?" 4025:– Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 3894:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 2602:(Britons); meanwhile, the earliest use of the word 5460:. crest.ox.ac.uk. 2001. p. 10. Archived from 3761:was born in Barry, Wales. After she suffered from 3345:in the form of groups such as the political party 2927:seen in most industrialising countries during the 2617:is derived from the same root. Only gradually did 6344:"Welsh History, The Welsh in North America, Utah" 5489:(Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), 5340: 5338: 5336: 5249: 5247: 5245: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4326: 4324: 4161: 3987: 3985: 3933:"2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 10769: 5703:"UK: Wales Plaid calls for second home controls" 5402:. Office for National Statistics. Archived from 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 4015: 3641:in the early 19th century, and founded towns in 3484:in 1485, after which it was carried in state to 2533:Most people in Wales today regard themselves as 2177:, though English is the predominant language in 6263:"Wales History: South America — Patagonia" 3101:. Some Welsh people are affiliated with either 3036:Can you understand, speak, read or write Welsh? 2649:encouraged immigration to their new lands; the 30:"Welshman" redirects here. For other uses, see 5333: 5242: 4406: 4321: 3982: 3886: 3028:How would you describe your national identity? 10061: 9830: 8531: 7638: 6727: 6703: 6220:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission 5205: 4724: 3991: 2424:prevailed as a reference to the Welsh. Until 2150:. The majority of people living in Wales are 2107: 1111: 8519: 6589:"A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles" 6418: 6183: 6181: 5369: 5367: 4347: 4309:(Doctoral dissertation). University of Leeds 3746:) who constructed a steel plant and several 3738:was founded in 1869 by a Welsh businessman, 3093:Christianity. Wales has a long tradition of 2409:continued to be used to describe any of the 2306: 2294: 1761:Literature in the other languages of Britain 10524:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 8579: 8543: 6544: 6189:"Nineteenth Century Arrivals in Australia: 4974:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4236: 3818:List of women artists associated with Wales 3471: 3458: 2688:Please help improve this article by adding 2634:identity or its selective use by the early 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 10234:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 10068: 10054: 9837: 9823: 8555: 7652: 7645: 7631: 6734: 6720: 5760: 5758: 4599:Y Gododdin: Britain's earliest heroic poem 4450: 2315:name for Italy) have a similar etymology. 2114: 2100: 1118: 1104: 92:475,000 (Includes those of mixed ancestry) 6664: 6178: 5917: 5510:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 5364: 5103:Abstract of British Historical Statistics 5023: 4951: 4871:"Population genomics of the Viking world" 4844: 4786: 4736: 4629:. University of Wales Press. p. 71. 4386: 4380: 4362: 2973:2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth crisis 2752:Learn how and when to remove this message 2641:There was immigration to Wales after the 2241:, which was derived from the name of the 2204:In 2016, an analysis of the geography of 6563: 6525: 6392: 5557:"Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff" 5092:2011 Census, Population Estimates for UK 4649: 4624: 4540: 4506: 4453:"Note (a) to The Settlement of Brittany" 3605: 3574: 3250: 2471: 2456: 2318:The modern Welsh name for themselves is 6587:Capelli, Cristian; et al. (2003). 6586: 6462:. BBC. 14 February 2009. Archived from 6372:Te Ara, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6119: 5755: 4387:Gilleland, Michael (12 December 2007). 4368: 4189: 4079: 3750:in the region; the town was thus named 3411:(Cymraeg y Wladfa) is a dialect of the 3202:in Wales, with the first purpose-built 2807:. Speaking of these results, Professor 2363:as a self-designation derives from the 14: 10770: 8496: 6630: 6506: 6480: 6318:20 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2006" 6126:International Review of Social History 6038: 5954:Ashtoninmakerfieldanddistrictu3a.co.uk 5905: 5561:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff 5101:Brian R. Mitchell and Phyllis Deane, 5073: 4730: 4612: 4596: 4487: 4418: 4374:Angles and Britons: O'Donnell Lectures 4331: 4301: 3955: 3006:In advance of the 2011 UK Census, the 10049: 9818: 9728: 9620: 9399: 9201: 8633: 8413: 8064: 7701: 7626: 6715: 6702: 6631:Leslie, Stephen; et al. (2015). 6406:from the original on 17 November 2009 6287: 6081:from the original on 21 February 2017 6051:from the original on 21 February 2017 6020:from the original on 21 February 2017 5930:from the original on 21 February 2017 5823:"Oath of Allegiance (Welsh Language)" 5790: 5610: 5346:"NSO article: 'Welsh' on Census form" 5295:from the original on 28 December 2008 5265:from the original on 24 November 2008 5122:from the original on 4 September 2005 4712:from the original on 11 December 2008 4686:from the original on 13 December 2011 4430: 4350:Histoire des mots Wallons et Wallonie 3927: 3925: 3566:uses such a design for its own badge. 3190:'s temple and restaurant, run by the 2784:from further south in Europe such as 2346: 2261:came to use the term to refer to the 10239:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 6314:"Tiny US town's big Welsh heritage: 5918:Collinson, Dawn (28 February 2015). 5803:from the original on 23 October 2018 5285:"Census results 'defy tick-box row'" 5088:200 Years of the Census in ... Wales 4918:Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). 4524:from the original on 27 January 2010 4283:from the original on 11 January 2016 4275:[Centre for 300,000 Welsh]. 3910:from the original on 11 January 2016 3186:being the centre of Welsh Buddhism. 2977:2001 United Kingdom general election 2668: 2563:is in early Welsh and refers to the 2479:, the founder of the royal house of 2453:Genetic history of the British Isles 674:Catholic Church of England and Wales 52:Regions with significant populations 10788:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom 9621: 6324:from the original on 6 January 2007 5733:"Plaid plan 'protects' rural areas" 5673:"Apology over 'insults' to English" 5567:from the original on 17 August 2018 5230:from the original on 5 January 2009 5148:. LSJ Services Ltd. Archived from 4231:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 4203:from the original on 5 January 2016 3966:. Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. 3645:'s coast region; in 1819, the ship 3570: 3441: 729:Disestablishment of Church in Wales 24: 9844: 6741: 6500: 6380:from the original on 13 April 2009 6376:. Teara.govt.nz. 13 October 2009. 5960:from the original on 5 August 2018 5743:from the original on 6 August 2012 5713:from the original on 7 August 2012 5683:from the original on 6 August 2012 5435:from the original on 22 March 2018 5220:"Census shows Welsh language rise" 4680:website. Retrieved 17 August 2006" 4601:. Llandysul: Gomer. p. xviii. 4463:(published 1892). pp. 97–101. 4461:Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion 4242: 4175:(2019 ed.). Wentworth Press. 4100:from the original on 28 April 2010 4045: 4003:from the original on 22 April 2018 3922: 2664: 1809:Baroque music of the British Isles 25: 10799: 10075: 9051:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 6682: 6288:Lewis, Ronald L. (1 March 2014). 6193:website. Retrieved 3 August 2006" 5990:from the original on 3 April 2017 5835:from the original on 19 July 2009 5585: 5255:"Census equality backed by Plaid" 5201:Interview with Mohammed Asghar AM 5182:from the original on 3 April 2009 5046: 4676:"The Flemish colonists in Wales: 3970:from the original on 29 June 2011 3757:Former Australian Prime Minister 2579:) and extending from the area of 10224:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 9801: 8414: 8051: 7606: 6848:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 6436:from the original on 12 May 2008 5772:from the original on 3 June 2015 4455:. In Phillimore, Egerton (ed.). 3799: – Romani subgroup in Wales 3775: 3587:, owing to the Welsh immigration 3322:domain (known in linguistics as 3306:on holiday homes should double. 2673: 2549:with significant influence from 2081: 1804:Early music of the British Isles 1221:Post-war period (social history) 1151: 1085: 334:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 236: 6448: 6362: 6336: 6306: 6281: 6255: 6233: 6211: 6152: 6113: 6093: 6063: 6032: 6002: 5972: 5942: 5911: 5898: 5872: 5847: 5828:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5815: 5793:"Mugshots and making headlines" 5784: 5725: 5695: 5665: 5644: 5635: 5598:from the original on 7 May 2017 5579: 5549: 5521: 5500: 5479: 5421: 5397:"2011 Census questions – Wales" 5389: 5307: 5277: 5194: 5164: 5134: 5108: 5095: 5079: 5066: 5040: 4982: 4910: 4861: 4803: 4745: 4698: 4668: 4643: 4618: 4605: 4590: 4564: 4501:Iron Age communities in Britain 4493: 4480: 4467: 4444: 4424: 4337: 4295: 4265: 4215: 4155: 3792:Geography and identity in Wales 3219:Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881 2814: 2684:only references primary sources 2148:countries of the United Kingdom 10667:Northern Ireland Sign Language 5766:"Dewis Da – Why choose Welsh?" 5622:Office for National Statistics 4627:The beginnings of Welsh poetry 4393:Laudator Temporis Acti website 4130: 4112: 3901:Office for National Statistics 3625:, emigrated from Wales in 1675 3613:, the second President of the 3024:What is your country of birth? 3008:Office for National Statistics 3001: 2950: 2625:(the people) come to supplant 2539:Roman legions departed Britain 2220: 1751:Literature of Northern Ireland 1481:Ireland & Northern Ireland 13: 1: 9770:Celtic place names in Galicia 9400: 7484:Non-Christian belief systems 6608:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00373-7 6191:University of Wales, Lampeter 6120:Knotter, Ad (December 2015). 5791:Powys, Betsan (22 May 2012). 4302:Miller, Katherine L. (2014). 4279:(in Welsh). 5 November 2014. 3997:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 3879: 3693:began to publish in English. 3583:, Argentina, inspired by the 3377:, northern and south-western 3259:The Welsh language is in the 3243:History of the Welsh language 2690:secondary or tertiary sources 2607: 2425: 2414: 2384: 1144:Culture of the United Kingdom 669:Christianity in Roman Britain 9949:British Nationals (Overseas) 9202: 7712:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 6346:. Ligtel.com. Archived from 6195:. Lamp.ac.uk. Archived from 6039:Fuller, Mike (8 July 2016). 4451:Phillimore, Egerton (1891). 4273:"Canolfan i 300,000 o Gymry" 3803:List of Welsh mathematicians 3554:, the heraldic badge of the 3083:Presbyterian Church of Wales 3018:because of its rural nature 1913:Football in Northern Ireland 1528:Anglo-Indian and South Asian 27:Ethnic group native to Wales 7: 8694:Welsh literature in English 8634: 8065: 7791:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 7702: 5317:. June 2005. Archived from 5105:(Cambridge, 1962) pp 20, 22 3937:United States Census Bureau 3813:List of Welsh women writers 3768: 3351:Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg 3232: 3054: 2797:Little England beyond Wales 2146:. Wales is one of the four 1814:Early British popular music 10: 10804: 10020:Turks and Caicos Islanders 8714:Scottish Gaelic literature 8099:Brigantia (ancient region) 7580:Prince of Wales's feathers 6570:Cambridge University Press 6528:The Welsh in their History 6374:. Retrieved 3 August 2003" 6320:. BBC News. 20 July 2005. 6244:. Retrieved 3 August 2006. 6222:. Retrieved 3 August 2006. 4907:(See supplemental note 11) 4652:The Welsh in their History 4650:Williams, Gwyn A. (1982). 3962:Neighbourhood Statistics. 3445: 3434: 3430: 3236: 3058: 3045: 3032:What is your ethnic group? 2965:National Statistics Office 2446: 2442: 1072:Inventions and discoveries 788:Welsh historical documents 642:List of festivals in Wales 29: 10684: 10649: 10611: 10573: 10550: 10543: 10536: 10484: 10426: 10410: 10395: 10338: 10263: 10256: 10216: 10188: 10145: 10138: 10083: 9880: 9852: 9792: 9735: 9729: 9724: 9662: 9633: 9616: 9579: 9501: 9492: 9464: 9436: 9408: 9395: 9348: 9313: 9287: 9208: 9197: 9084: 9061:Hebridean Celtic Festival 8998: 8900: 8879: 8848: 8763: 8722: 8689:Welsh-language literature 8644: 8640: 8629: 8591: 8505: 8422: 8409: 8279: 8238: 8177: 8073: 8060: 8049: 7886: 7855: 7789: 7710: 7697: 7664: 7602: 7553: 7448: 7410: 7318: 7285: 7276: 7199: 7195: 7186: 7124: 7115: 7069: 6974: 6965: 6956: 6870: 6861: 6763: 6750: 6709: 6704:Links to related articles 6564:Hastings, Adrian (1997). 6545:del Giorgio, J F (2005). 6138:10.1017/S0020859015000413 6110:recalled 13 November 2015 5652:University of Wales Press 4887:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 4348: 4197:"The Countries of the UK" 4061:Welsh Assembly Government 3964:"Welsh people in England" 3701:, which began as a Welsh 3552:Prince of Wales' feathers 3539:, and that for daffodil, 3448:National symbols of Wales 3210:area of Cardiff in 1989. 2939:in the 20th century, and 2372: 2351:) are descended from the 2088:United Kingdom portal 1844:Music of Northern Ireland 1824:Music in Medieval England 1756:Welsh-language literature 425:Traditional Welsh costume 182: 177: 161: 156: 141: 136: 126: 116: 106: 96: 86: 76: 66: 56: 51: 32:Welshman (disambiguation) 10509:Kingdom of Great Britain 9905:British Virgin Islanders 9494:Ancient Celtic languages 7154:Housing and construction 6370:"Welsh immigration from 5076:, pp. 258–259, 319) 4459:. Vol. XI. London: 3853:Welsh history in Chicago 3560:Edward, the Black Prince 3482:Battle of Bosworth Field 3073:are affiliated with the 2401:was used throughout the 1590:Late Summer Bank Holiday 9765:Gaulish words in French 9750:Celtic words in English 8009:Scottish New Zealanders 7899:Anglo-Celtic Australian 7538:1904–1905 Welsh revival 7533:Welsh Methodist revival 6526:Williams, Gary (1982). 6507:Davies, Norman (1991). 5381:18 January 2012 at the 5178:. BBC. 15 August 2008. 5116:"Industrial Revolution" 4625:Williams, Ifor (1972). 4597:Jarman, A.O.H. (1988). 4227:Welsh Language Act 1993 4223:Welsh Language Act 1967 3397:, and parts of western 3079:Christian denominations 2937:Commonwealth of Nations 2273: 2267: 2245:known to the Romans as 1349:Romani people (Gypsies) 724:1904–1905 Welsh Revival 719:Welsh Methodist revival 170:(43.6%), traditionally 9867:English-speaking world 8699:Early Irish literature 8580: 8568: 8556: 8544: 8532: 8520: 7989:Scotch-Irish Canadians 7984:Scotch-Irish Americans 6045:Chesterchronicle.co.uk 4473:The poem is available 4063:. 2008. Archived from 3734:The Ukrainian city of 3659:Thomas Benbow Phillips 3626: 3588: 3472: 3459: 3256: 2986:(at 27%), followed by 2925:demographic transition 2788:, to a lesser extent, 2483: 2469: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2307: 2295: 2231:, a descendant of the 2166: 2135: 602:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau 394:Welsh-medium education 10657:British Sign Language 10502:Principality of Wales 10346:Bailiwick of Guernsey 10229:British–Irish Council 10217:Political cooperation 10198:Bailiwick of Guernsey 9326:Scottish independence 9071:Celtic Media Festival 8954:National music scenes 8185:Proto-Celtic religion 7887:Related ethnic groups 7543:Welsh Church Act 1914 7310:British Sign Language 6481:Davies, John (1994). 6402:. Statistics.gov.uk. 6265:. BBC. Archived from 6077:. 12 September 2006. 5291:. 30 September 2002. 5261:. 23 September 2000. 5172:"Italian immigration" 4817:Nature Communications 4759:Nature Communications 4574:. BBC. Archived from 4199:. statistics.gov.uk. 4053:"Wales and Argentina" 4023:Australian Government 3609: 3593:Industrial Revolution 3578: 3254: 3147:South Wales coalfield 2929:Industrial Revolution 2557:. The surviving poem 2475: 2460: 1983:Palace of Westminster 1789:British popular music 1440:British Sign Language 793:Welsh-language comics 178:Related ethnic groups 10276:Islands of the Clyde 9970:New Forest Commoners 9650:(Medieval Welsh law) 9260:Scottish nationalism 8910:Ancient Celtic music 8230:Romano-Celtic temple 8039:Welsh New Zealanders 7964:Irish New Zealanders 7099:British Armed Forces 6939:Wales–England border 6547:The Oldest Europeans 6466:on 14 February 2009. 6432:. 8 September 2006. 6350:on 24 September 2009 6242:Multicultural Canada 6227:30 June 2006 at the 5709:. 17 November 1999. 5592:Orthodoxchurch.co.uk 5409:on 22 September 2013 5226:. 14 February 2003. 4475:online at Wikisource 4167:Brynmor Jones, David 4124:8 March 2005 at the 3903:. 11 December 2012. 3808:List of Welsh people 3714:Canada's 2011 census 3687:Jackson County, Ohio 3601:Ashton-in-Makerfield 3579:Flag of the city of 3486:St. Paul's Cathedral 3337:Although Welsh is a 3332:Welsh Language Board 3312:Welsh-English border 2825:Population of Wales 2596:Anglo-Saxon settlers 2344:Welsh pronunciation: 2324:(plural) (singular: 2208:commissioned by the 1973:World Heritage Sites 1903:Football in Scotland 1005:World Heritage Sites 10662:Irish Sign Language 10519:Kingdom of Scotland 10356:Bailiwick of Jersey 10339:Lists of islands of 9915:Chagossians (Îlois) 9895:Ascension Islanders 9340:Irish republicanism 9321:Breton independence 9300:Scottish devolution 9233:Cornish nationalism 9056:Pan Celtic Festival 8930:Scottish folk music 8684:Scottish literature 8210:Celtic Christianity 8014:Scottish Travellers 7999:Scottish Argentines 7843:Scottish Travellers 7258:Scheduled monuments 7234:Literature in Welsh 7134:Banking and finance 6912:Mountains and hills 6838:Statute of Rhuddlan 6657:10.1038/nature14230 6649:2015Natur.519..309. 6164:Tivyside Advertiser 5924:Liverpoolecho.co.uk 5679:. 19 January 2001. 5016:10.1038/nature14230 5008:2015Natur.519..309. 4936:10.1038/nature14230 4829:10.1038/ncomms10408 4771:10.1038/ncomms10326 4033:on 13 February 2014 4027:"Welsh Australians" 3943:on 12 February 2020 3868:Welsh New Zealander 3497:Flag of Saint David 3463:) incorporates the 3415:which is spoken in 3373:, inland Conwy and 3215:temperance movement 2431:the word was spelt 2383:, by Afan Ferddig) 2377:Cadwallon ap Cadfan 1928:Cricket in Scotland 1898:Football in England 1782:and performing arts 1746:Scottish literature 1625:Saint Patrick's Day 1580:Spring Bank Holiday 1042:Flag of Saint David 809:and performing arts 679:Celtic Christianity 597:Dydd Santes Dwynwen 324:Statute of Rhuddlan 62:(identify as Welsh) 48: 10514:Kingdom of Ireland 10497:Kingdom of England 10244:Common Travel Area 10190:Crown Dependencies 10025:Ulster Protestants 9985:Pitcairn Islanders 9930:Falkland Islanders 9331:Welsh independence 9295:Cornish devolution 9216:Breton nationalism 9066:Celtic Connections 8669:Cornish literature 8019:Ulster Protestants 8004:Scottish Canadians 7994:Scottish Americans 7904:Anglo-Irish people 7425:Healthcare service 7046:Secretary of State 6828:Edwardian conquest 6818:Medieval Welsh law 6803:Kingdom of Gwynedd 6483:A History of Wales 6106:2 May 2016 at the 6014:Shropshirestar.com 5660:The Welsh Language 5373:Walesonline.co.uk 5321:on 4 February 2013 4432:Lloyd, John Edward 4067:on 16 October 2012 3742:(an engineer from 3627: 3589: 3533:David Lloyd George 3513:Historia Brittonum 3359:British Parliament 3330:research from the 3291:county councillor 3257: 2571:with a capital at 2484: 2470: 2283:Continental Europe 2191:bilingually fluent 1989:Angel of the North 1923:Cricket in Ireland 1918:Cricket in England 1819:English folk music 1794:British rock music 1741:English literature 1615:Saint Andrew's Day 1610:Saint George's Day 1306:Modern ethnicities 314:Edwardian conquest 304:Medieval Welsh law 289:Kingdom of Gwynedd 42: 10765: 10764: 10759: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10680: 10679: 10532: 10531: 10391: 10390: 10252: 10251: 10043: 10042: 10015:Tristan Islanders 9812: 9811: 9788: 9787: 9720: 9719: 9612: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9571:Cisalpine Gaulish 9391: 9390: 9277:national identity 9272:Welsh nationalism 9265:national identity 9245:Irish nationalism 9193: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9126:Cornish wrestling 8994: 8993: 8915:Breton Folk music 8880:Regional cultures 8723:National cultures 8709:Gaelic literature 8664:Breton literature 8625: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8405: 8404: 8317:Chief of the Name 8190:Celtic polytheism 8107:Sub-Roman Britain 8047: 8046: 7934:Irish Australians 7914:Cornish Americans 7873:Scottish diaspora 7620: 7619: 7598: 7597: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7182: 7181: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7036:Political parties 6952: 6951: 6843:Glyndŵr rebellion 6798:Early Middle Ages 6643:(7543): 309–314. 6460:/wales south east 6299:978-1-4696-1489-2 6075:Walesonline.co.uk 5886:. 7 February 2018 5768:. 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10439:United Kingdom 10436: 10430: 10428: 10427:Current states 10424: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10414: 10412: 10405: 10393: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10366:United Kingdom 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10320: 10313:Northern Isles 10310: 10305: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10267: 10265: 10258: 10254: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10160:United Kingdom 10157: 10151: 10149: 10140: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10131: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10090: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10073: 10072: 10065: 10058: 10050: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9975:Northern Irish 9972: 9967: 9965:Montserratians 9962: 9957: 9952: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 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9354: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9336:United Ireland 9333: 9328: 9323: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9291: 9289: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9183: 9181:Welsh handball 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9161:Highland games 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9094: 9088: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9037: 9028: 9019: 9004: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8957: 8955: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8906: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8887:Gaelic culture 8883: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8866:Highland dress 8863: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8830:Pictish stones 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8786: 8785: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8650: 8648: 8638: 8637: 8627: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8595: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8585: 8573: 8561: 8549: 8537: 8525: 8512: 8510: 8500: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8434: 8432:Celtic nations 8429: 8427:Celtic Revival 8423: 8420: 8419: 8407: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8399: 8394: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8283: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8200:Celtic Animism 8197: 8195:Celtic deities 8192: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8154:Cisalpine Gaul 8151: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8126: 8117: 8092: 8083: 8081:Gaelic Ireland 8077: 8075: 8071: 8070: 8058: 8057: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7979:Manx Americans 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7954:Irish Chileans 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7919:English people 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7878:Welsh diaspora 7875: 7870: 7868:Irish diaspora 7865: 7859: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7834: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7795: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7708: 7707: 7695: 7694: 7675:Celtic studies 7667:Celtic nations 7665: 7662: 7661: 7650: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7618: 7617: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7454: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7422: 7416: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7291: 7289: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7203: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7159:Power stations 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7001: 6996: 6994:First Minister 6991: 6986: 6980: 6978: 6969: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6922:National parks 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6755:List of topics 6751: 6748: 6747: 6745: articles 6739: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6716: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6683:External links 6681: 6680: 6679: 6628: 6584: 6578: 6561: 6555: 6542: 6536: 6530:. Croom Helm. 6523: 6517: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6491: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6447: 6417: 6391: 6361: 6335: 6305: 6298: 6280: 6269:on 13 May 2006 6254: 6232: 6210: 6177: 6151: 6112: 6092: 6062: 6031: 6001: 5971: 5941: 5910: 5908:, p. 189) 5897: 5871: 5846: 5814: 5783: 5754: 5724: 5694: 5664: 5650:Janet Davies, 5643: 5634: 5609: 5578: 5548: 5520: 5499: 5478: 5446: 5420: 5388: 5363: 5352:on 5 June 2009 5332: 5306: 5276: 5241: 5204: 5193: 5163: 5152:on 20 May 2008 5133: 5107: 5094: 5078: 5065: 5039: 4981: 4909: 4860: 4802: 4744: 4738:10.1101/135962 4723: 4697: 4667: 4660: 4654:. Croom Helm. 4642: 4635: 4617: 4604: 4589: 4578:on 9 June 2008 4563: 4551:Barry Cunliffe 4539: 4505: 4492: 4479: 4466: 4443: 4423: 4405: 4379: 4361: 4346:Albert Henry, 4336: 4320: 4294: 4264: 4252:Welsh Assembly 4235: 4214: 4188: 4181: 4154: 4142:www.ons.gov.uk 4129: 4111: 4078: 4044: 4014: 3981: 3954: 3921: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3863:Welsh Italians 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3843:Welsh Canadian 3840: 3835: 3830: 3828:Welsh American 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3770: 3767: 3744:Merthyr Tydfil 3677:), Canada and 3572: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3548: 3521: 3504: 3493: 3446:Main article: 3443: 3440: 3432: 3429: 3413:Welsh language 3367:first language 3324:code-switching 3261:Insular Celtic 3239:Welsh language 3234: 3231: 3206:opened in the 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3003: 3000: 2994:(22%) and the 2957:2001 UK census 2952: 2949: 2921:Glamorganshire 2915: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2823: 2816: 2813: 2809:Peter Donnelly 2760: 2759: 2701:"Welsh people" 2681: 2679: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2645:, and several 2543:Romano-British 2541:around 400, a 2490:, the ancient 2477:King Henry VII 2444: 2441: 2365:post-Roman Era 2243:Gaulish people 2233:Proto-Germanic 2222: 2219: 2206:Welsh surnames 2199:Roman invasion 2183:code-switching 2159:Welsh language 2157:In Wales, the 2122: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2104: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1839:Music of Wales 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1766:British comics 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1550:New Year's Day 1546: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1523:Northern Irish 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1283:Northern Irish 1280: 1275: 1270: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1194:British Empire 1186: 1185: 1184: 1182:Regency period 1179: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1139: 1138: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1057:Welsh heraldry 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1001: 997: 996: 995: 992: 991: 988: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 931: 925: 924: 923: 920: 919: 916: 915: 910: 905: 899: 893: 892: 891: 888: 887: 884: 883: 881:Welsh bagpipes 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 812: 805: 804: 803: 800: 799: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 754: 748: 747: 746: 743: 742: 736: 735: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 714:William Morgan 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 660: 654: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 588: 582: 581: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 570:Food festivals 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 501: 495: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 475: 469: 459: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 443: 438: 432: 427: 421: 417: 416: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 402: 397: 391: 389:Welsh surnames 386: 381: 376: 366: 360: 359: 358: 355: 354: 348: 347: 342: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 255: 254: 253: 247: 246: 245: 242: 241: 233: 232: 224: 223: 211: 210: 180: 179: 175: 174: 162:Predominantly 159: 158: 154: 153: 139: 138: 134: 133: 130: 124: 123: 120: 114: 113: 110: 104: 103: 100: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 80: 74: 73: 70: 64: 63: 54: 53: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10800: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10683: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10648: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10572: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10535: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485:Former states 10483: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10425: 10419: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411:Island groups 10409: 10406: 10403: 10398: 10394: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10328: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10288: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10281:Great Britain 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264:Island groups 10262: 10259: 10255: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10077:British Isles 10071: 10066: 10064: 10059: 10057: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10010:Spanish Brits 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9950: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9935:Gibraltarians 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9879: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9851: 9847: 9840: 9835: 9833: 9828: 9826: 9821: 9820: 9817: 9804: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9781: 9780:– in Portugal 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9760:– in Galician 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9727: 9723: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9661: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9619: 9615: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9435: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9358:Celtic League 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9350:Pan-Celticism 9347: 9341: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9286: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9270: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9227: 9226:reunification 9224: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9196: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9099: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9083: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8840:Triple spiral 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8784: 8781: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8659:Bardic Poetry 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8632: 8628: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8590: 8582: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8553: 8550: 8546: 8541: 8538: 8534: 8529: 8526: 8522: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507:Celtic League 8504: 8501: 8499: 8495: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8447:Celtic League 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8437:Pan-Celticism 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8337:Gaelicisation 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8312:Celticisation 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8120:Iron Age Gaul 8118: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8103:Roman Britain 8100: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8059: 8054: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7959:Irish Mexican 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7683:Celtic tribes 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7615: 7614: 7601: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7574: 7573:national flag 7571: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7305:Welsh English 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7229:Gorsedd Cymru 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7094:Police forces 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7041:Republicanism 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6744: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6708: 6701: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6581: 6579:0-521-62544-0 6575: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6558: 6556:980-6898-00-1 6552: 6548: 6543: 6539: 6537:0-7099-3651-6 6533: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6518:0-333-69283-7 6514: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6492:0-14-014581-8 6488: 6484: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6456:"John Hughes" 6451: 6435: 6431: 6430:Straight Dope 6427: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6379: 6375: 6373: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6319: 6317: 6309: 6301: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6251:archive.today 6248: 6245: 6243: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6214: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6184: 6182: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6132:(S1): 13–39. 6131: 6127: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6096: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5860: 5859:Parliament.UK 5856: 5850: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5638: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5537: 5530: 5524: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5496: 5495:0-903903-24-5 5492: 5488: 5482: 5463: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5405: 5398: 5392: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5370: 5368: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5176:Wales History 5173: 5167: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5104: 5098: 5091: 5089: 5085:Census 2001, 5082: 5075: 5069: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4685: 4681: 4679: 4671: 4663: 4661:0-7099-3651-6 4657: 4653: 4646: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4600: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4560: 4559:0-7134-8839-5 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4536: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4499:Cunliffe, B. 4496: 4489: 4483: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4421:, p. 69) 4420: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4340: 4334:, p. 71) 4333: 4327: 4325: 4305: 4298: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4115: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3848:Welsh Chilean 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3773: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3759:Julia Gillard 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3685:, Argentina. 3684: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3655:New Brunswick 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3632:Pas-de-Calais 3624: 3620: 3616: 3615:United States 3612: 3608: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3585:Flag of Wales 3582: 3581:Puerto Madryn 3577: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3541:cenhinen Bedr 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3473:Y Ddraig Goch 3469: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3455:Flag of Wales 3452: 3451: 3449: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391:Pembrokeshire 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3248: 3247:Welsh English 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3192:Hare Krishnas 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095:nonconformism 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3052: 3043: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2961:White British 2958: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2805:Landsker line 2800: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2766:Beaker people 2756: 2753: 2745: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: – 2702: 2698: 2697:Find sources: 2691: 2685: 2682:This section 2680: 2671: 2670: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2655:Pembrokeshire 2653:dividing the 2652: 2651:Landsker Line 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2583:to the Tyne. 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486:During their 2482: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2463: 2462:Owain Glyndŵr 2459: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2423: 2420:. Thereafter 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2382: 2378: 2373:The Old North 2370: 2369:Yr Hen Ogledd 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2173:and parts of 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600:Christmas Day 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565:Easter Monday 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344:British Mixed 1342: 1340: 1339:British Arabs 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1329:Black British 1327: 1325: 1324:Asian British 1322: 1320: 1319:White British 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 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423: 422: 414: 413: 406: 403: 401: 400:Welsh English 398: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 374:Y Fro Gymraeg 371: 368: 367: 363: 357: 356: 353: 350: 349: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 250: 244: 243: 239: 235: 234: 230: 226: 225: 221: 217: 216: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 176: 173: 172:Nonconformist 169: 165: 164:Non-religious 160: 155: 152: 148: 144: 140: 135: 131: 129: 125: 121: 119: 115: 111: 109: 105: 101: 99: 95: 91: 89: 85: 81: 79: 75: 71: 69: 68:United States 65: 59: 55: 50: 47: 37: 33: 19: 10778:Welsh people 10746: 10742:Ulster-Scots 10034: 10030:Ulster Scots 9797:Celts portal 9755:– in Spanish 9590:Arran Gaelic 9511:Proto-Celtic 9479:Bungi Creole 9378:Celtic unity 9314:Independence 9113: 9096: 8920:Gaelic music 8856:Celtic Dress 8805:High crosses 8795:Celtic cross 8773:Bell shrines 8704:Irish annals 8486:Neo-Druidism 8481:Celtic Wicca 8452:Celtic union 8416:Modern Celts 8307:Celtic women 8215:Celtic Rites 8164:Transylvania 8024:Ulster Scots 7894:Anglo-Celtic 7808: 7741:Celtiberians 7686: 7678: 7670: 7658:modern Celts 7604: 7590:Welsh Dragon 7458:Christianity 7319: 7278:Demographics 7236: / 7061:Wales Office 7026:Local rulers 6875:Biodiversity 6778:Bibliography 6640: 6636: 6599: 6595: 6565: 6546: 6527: 6511:. 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461:Mythology 430:Welsh law 362:Languages 274:Roman Era 168:Christian 137:Languages 108:Argentina 98:Australia 72:2 million 60:2 million 10737:Scottish 10636:Jèrriais 10552:Germanic 10466:Guernsey 10454:Scotland 10376:Scotland 10323:Shetland 10286:Hebrides 10174:Scotland 10139:Politics 10128:Hibernia 9955:Jersiais 9692:Gaesatae 9583:dialects 9546:Lepontic 9536:Galatian 9438:Goidelic 9288:Autonomy 9203:Politics 9156:Rounders 9008:Calendar 8981:Scotland 8966:Cornwall 8961:Brittany 8849:Clothing 8800:Knotwork 8778:Brooches 8750:Scotland 8735:Cornwall 8730:Brittany 8609:Y Wladfa 8564:Scotland 8528:Cornwall 8516:Brittany 8367:Seanchaí 8362:Tanistry 8322:Derbfine 8251:Scottish 8142:Brittany 8138:Domnonée 8134:Armorica 8129:Britonia 8111:Dumnonia 8086:Dálriata 7771:Lepontii 7766:Helvetii 7751:Gallaeci 7524:History 7498:Hinduism 7493:Buddhism 7450:Religion 7395:in Welsh 7149:Forestry 7056:Unionism 6976:Politics 6958:Politics 6853:Colonies 6773:Timeline 6675:25788095 6616:12781138 6434:Archived 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