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there will be no new being or person. Instead of being reborn, the person 'parinirvāṇa-s', meaning in this context that the five aggregates of physical and mental phenomena that constitute a being cease to occur. This is the condition of 'nirvāṇa without remainder ' (nir-upadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa/an-up ādisesa-nibbāna): nirvāṇa that comes from ending the occurrence of the aggregates (skandha/khandha) of physical and mental phenomena that constitute a being; or, for short, khandha-parinibbāna. Modern
Buddhist usage tends to restrict 'nirvāṇa' to the awakening experience and reserve 'parinirvāṇa' for the death experience.
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have things as in the case of those people who take the stones, wooden pieces and gravel for the true gem ... In every situation, constantly meditate upon the idea of the Self, the idea of the
Eternal, Bliss, and the Pure ... Those who, desirous of attaining Reality meditatively cultivate these ideas, namely, the ideas of the Self , the Eternal, Bliss, and the Pure, will skilfully bring forth the jewel, just like the wise person."
1192:
22:
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Having dwelt upon the nature of nirvana, the Buddha now explains its positive aspect and says that nirvana has the four attributes of the
Eternal, Bliss, the Self, and the Pure ... the Buddha says: "O you bhiksus ! Do not abide in the thought of the non-eternal, sorrow, non-Self, and the not-pure and
472:
Eventually 'the remainder of life' will be exhausted and, like all beings, such a person must die. But unlike other beings, who have not experienced 'nirvāṇa', he or she will not be reborn into some new life, the physical and mental constituents of being will not come together in some new existence,
952:
Williams quotes Ruegg "La Traitė du Tathāgatagarbha de Bu Ston Rin Chen Grub" pp. 113–144, where the reference for this passage is given as Taisho 0525a12-b02 of the
Dharmakṣema translation. The entire Dharmakṣema translation is found at Taisho 0365c06-0603c26. The first 10 juan which scholars
263:
494:
Accounts of the purported events surrounding the Buddha's own parinirvāṇa are found in a wide range of
Buddhist canonical literature. In addition to the Pāli Mahāparinibbāna sutta (DN 16) and its Sanskrit parallels, the topic is treated in the
700:
is a long and highly composite
Mahayana scripture, and the part of the sutra upon which Williams is basing his statement is a portion of the Nirvana Sutra of secondary Central Asian provenance - other parts of the sutra were written in India.
468:. However, when a person attains nirvana, they are liberated from karmic rebirth. When such a person dies, it is the end of the cycle of rebirth. Contemporary scholar Rupert Gethin explains:
602:
meal offering, nor any of the other preceding or subsequent incidents, instead using the event as merely a convenient springboard for the expression of standard
Mahayana ideals such as the
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unanimously accept as Indic in origin occupies just Taisho 0365c06-0428b20, while the remaining portion from 428b24-0603c26 is deemed by all scholars to be of
Central Asian origin. See
567:, though first committed to writing hundreds of years after his death, has been resorted to as the principal source of reference in most standard studies of the Buddha's life.
1144:
462:
In the
Buddhist view, when ordinary people die, each person's unresolved karma passes on to a new birth; and thus the karmic inheritance is reborn in one of the six realms of
739:
Kosho
Yamamoto cites a passage in which the Buddha admonishes his monks not to dwell inordinately on the idea of the non-Self but to meditate on the Self. Yamamoto writes:
660:
505:(T125 p750c), and other early sutras preserved in Chinese, as well as in most of the Vinayas preserved in Chinese of the early Buddhist schools such as the
1956:
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696:, and the Pure. Dr. Paul Williams states that it depicts the Buddha using the term "Self" in order to win over non-Buddhist ascetics. However, the
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and the funerary rites following his death. He deems all other extended details to be later additions with little historical value.
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Taylor & Francis, 1989, p. 100. "... it refers to the Buddha using the term "Self" in order to win over non-Buddhist ascetics."
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University of Hawaii Press, 1997, p. 171, while the Mahayana text dates to the second century CE or later: see Shimoda, Masahiro:
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was written hundreds of years later. The Nirvana Sutra does not give details of the historical event of the day of the
957:, subsection "Transmission & Authenticity" for details of scholarly opinions of textual structure with references.
513:. The historical event of the Buddha's parinirvāṇa is also described in a number of later works, such as the Sanskrit
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Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, Paul Williams, Published by Taylor & Francis, 2005. p. 190
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According to Bareau, the oldest core components of all these accounts are just the account of the Buddha's
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the existence of an eternal, imperishable self, that is, buddhahood, is definitely the basic point of the
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is that the Buddha is eternal ... The Mahayanists assert the eternity of the Buddha in two ways in the
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Buddha's Parinirvana (Death of Sakyamuni), Kamakura period, 13th century, wood - Tokyo National Museum
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A Study of the Mahāparinivāṇasūtra ~ with a Focus on the Methodology of the Study of Mahāyāna Sūtras
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La composition et les étapes de la formation progressive du Mahaparinirvanasutra ancien
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Only in Mahaparinirvana is this True Self held to be fully discernible and accessible.
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In Buddhism, the state someone who has attained nirvana during their lifetime and died
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499:(SN 6.15) and the several Sanskrit parallels (T99 p253c-254c), the Sanskrit-based
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The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvāṇa in Early Buddhism
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The Concept of the Buddha: Its Evolution from Early Buddhism to the Trikaya
652:(Pāțaliputra)" in Bihar. It still awaits proper archaeological excavation.
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doctrine, the eternality of the Buddha, and the soteriological fate of the
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909:"A Tibetan Guide-book to the Lost Sites of the Buddha's Birth and Death",
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Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia.
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Mahayanism: A Critical Exposition of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
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Mahayanism: A Critical Exposition of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
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386:) describes the state entered after death by someone who has attained
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Buddhism: Yogācāra, the epistemological tradition and Tathāgatagarbha
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861:, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 66, 45–103, 1979
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possessing four attributes: eternity, happiness, self and purity.
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900:. Paul Williams, Published by Taylor & Francis, 2005. p. 190
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It has been suggested by Waddell that the site of the death and
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Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama
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The Mahaparinibbana Sutta is pre-Ashokan; see Juliane Schober,
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Complete translation of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
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1845:
482:
586:
In contrast to these works which deal with the Buddha's
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speak affirmatively of the Self. Zimmermann observes:
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Buddha attaining Parinirvana – Depicted in cave 26 of
292:
285:
270:
834:
477:
624:Location of Gautama Buddha's death and parinirvana
392:during their lifetime. It implies a release from
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712:to be the liberated Self of the eternal Buddha:
704:Guang Xing speaks of how the Mahayanists of the
165:
1155:Article in The New York Times Buddha in Nirvana
1123:
1105:
1087:
433:is described as the realm of the eternal true
192:
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71:
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1150:SN VI.15: Parinibbana Sutta – Total Unbinding
941:Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations.
928:Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations.
458:Nirvana (Buddhism) § Nirvana after death
307:
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150:
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122:
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1957:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
233:
560:. Because of its attention to detail, this
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3855:
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321:
97:
1083:, Oxford University Press, Kindle Edition
1036:One Dharma: The Emerging Western Buddhism
1033:
1008:A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra
655:
579:Attendants to the Parinirvana, Gandhara,
571:Within the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa sūtra
451:
4091:Cities and towns in Maharajganj district
1114:
915:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
821:- painting depicting Parinirvana in the
748:Michael Zimmermann, in his study of the
692:is the realm of the Eternal, Bliss, the
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659:
598:itself, except the Buddha's illness and
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481:
20:
4086:Cities and towns in Kushinagar district
3144:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1042:
943:Taylor & Francis, 1989, pp. 98, 99.
864:
819:The Final Death of the Buddha Sakyamuni
542:Within the Mahaparinibbana Sutta (Pali)
448:figure, often surrounded by disciples.
4230:
4081:Cities and towns in Gorakhpur district
3347:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1119:, Taylor & Francis, Kindle Edition
1060:
1051:
1024:
970:, RoutledgeCurzon, Oxford, 2005, p. 89
843:
3836:
1163:
1096:
1078:
996:, the Karinbunko, Tokyo, 1975, p. 75
724:. They state that the Buddha is the
4076:Cities and towns in Deoria district
1081:Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction
955:Mahāyāna-Mahāparinirvāṇa Mahā-sūtra
13:
3134:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
410:as well as the dissolution of the
14:
4254:
1134:
983:, Karin Bunko, Tokyo, 1975, p. 62
4106:Villages in Maharajganj district
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3805:
3804:
3362:Thai temple art and architecture
3107:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1347:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1213:
1200:
1190:
1092:, Broadway Books, Kindle Edition
887:, Shunjū-sha (1997) pp. 446–448.
478:Parinirvana of Buddha Shakyamuni
444:, the event is represented by a
4238:Buddhist philosophical concepts
3889:Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary
1214:
1038:, HarperCollins, Kindle Edition
999:
986:
973:
960:
4101:Villages in Gorakhpur district
3352:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3154:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2234:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1425:Places where the Buddha stayed
946:
933:
920:
903:
890:
873:
849:
716:One of the main themes of the
682:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
592:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa sūtra
426:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1:
3367:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1128:, Grove Press, Kindle Edition
590:as a biographical event, the
3124:Buddhism and the Roman world
3100:Decline of Buddhism in India
3095:History of Buddhism in India
1195: Topics in
1056:, Cambridge University Press
1005:Zimmermann, Michael (2002),
752:, reveals that not only the
7:
4096:Villages in Deoria district
2322:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2062:
1090:Awakening the Buddha Within
823:Yale University Art Gallery
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123:
83:
10:
4259:
3272:The unanswerable questions
1034:Goldstein, Joseph (2011),
1017:
688:), the Buddha taught that
581:Victoria and Albert museum
455:
59:Nirvana without remainder,
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3357:Buddhist temples in Korea
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1965:
1920:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1831:
1823:Three planes of existence
1771:
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1430:Buddha in world religions
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1097:Lopez, Donald S. (2001),
1029:, Oxford University Press
644:, and in the line of the
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4033:Lok Sabha constituencies
3139:Persecution of Buddhists
2360:Four stages of awakening
1741:Three marks of existence
1327:Physical characteristics
1054:Introduction to Buddhism
1047:, Bantam, Kindle Edition
1043:Goleman, Daniel (2008),
828:
423:scriptures, notably the
2502:Ten principal disciples
1385:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1124:Walpola Rahula (2007),
1115:Williams, Paul (2002),
1108:The Essence of Buddhism
1106:Traleg Kyabgon (2001),
1088:Lama Surya Das (1997),
1027:Foundations of Buddhism
1025:Gethin, Rupert (1998),
648:which lead hither from
61:Nirvana without residue
4121:People from Kushinagar
3212:Buddhism and democracy
2725:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2720:Chinese Buddhist canon
1952:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1947:Early Buddhist schools
1126:What the Buddha Taught
1079:Keown, Damien (2000),
1061:Harvey, Peter (1995),
1052:Harvey, Peter (1990),
790:
746:
734:
677:
665:
656:In Mahayana literature
583:
491:
475:
452:Final nirvana at death
308:
166:
98:
38:
4116:People from Gorakhpur
3222:Eight Consciousnesses
1332:Life of Buddha in art
1099:The Story of Buddhism
766:
758:Tathagatagarbha Sutra
754:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
750:Tathagatagarbha Sutra
741:
714:
698:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
671:
663:
636:was in the region of
578:
557:Mahaparinibbana Sutta
485:
470:
24:
3699:East Asian religions
3129:Buddhism in the West
2700:Early Buddhist texts
2315:Four Right Exertions
1781:Ten spiritual realms
1274:Noble Eightfold Path
774:Mahaparinirvanasutra
672:Parinirvana Shrine,
554:is described in the
345:Glossary of Buddhism
3955:Rivers, dams, lakes
3822:Religion portal
3569:Temple of the Tooth
3448:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2487:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
1980:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1763:Two truths doctrine
1583:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1383:Mahapajapati Gotamī
4111:People from Deoria
3898:Mythology, history
3864:Gorakhpur division
3744:Western philosophy
3342:Dzong architecture
3164:Vipassana movement
3159:Buddhist modernism
2587:Emperor Wen of Sui
2355:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2288:Threefold Training
2090:Vipassana movement
1806:Hungry Ghost realm
1626:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1573:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1322:Great Renunciation
1317:Eight Great Events
1199:
678:
666:
584:
492:
39:
4225:
4224:
3976:Languages, people
3830:
3829:
3468:Om mani padme hum
3174:Women in Buddhism
3090:Buddhist councils
2960:Western countries
2748:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2509:Shaolin Monastery
2086:Samatha-vipassanā
1696:Pratītyasamutpāda
1500:Metteyya/Maitreya
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1247:Four Noble Truths
780:characterize the
762:Lankavatara Sutra
684:(also called the
680:According to the
350:
349:
25:The death of the
4250:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3820:
3819:
3808:
3807:
3647:Sacred languages
3495:Maya Devi Temple
3458:Mahabodhi Temple
3262:Secular Buddhism
3227:Engaged Buddhism
2067:
1915:Tibetan Buddhism
1866:Vietnamese Thiền
1465:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1129:
1120:
1117:Buddhist Thought
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1012:
1003:
997:
992:Kosho Yamamoto,
990:
984:
979:Kosho Yamamoto,
977:
971:
964:
958:
950:
944:
937:
931:
924:
918:
907:
901:
894:
888:
877:
871:
868:
862:
853:
847:
841:
814:Reclining Buddha
778:Lankavatarasutra
605:tathagata-garbha
446:reclining Buddha
399:
384:
372:
338:
327:
326:
311:
296:
289:
288:
274:
267:
266:
250:
239:
238:
222:
211:
210:
196:
185:
184:
169:
154:
143:
142:
126:
115:
114:
101:
86:
75:
74:
41:
40:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4130:Other Divisions
4125:
4064:
4028:
3997:
3971:
3950:
3919:
3893:
3867:
3861:
3831:
3826:
3814:
3796:
3748:
3663:
3578:
3315:Ordination hall
3276:
3178:
3149:Buddhist crisis
3061:
2758:
2710:Mahayana sutras
2686:
2682:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2513:
2386:
2326:
2276:Bodhisattva vow
1961:
1827:
1767:
1726:Taṇhā (Craving)
1661:Five hindrances
1612:
1504:
1434:
1288:
1233:
1205:
1188:
1137:
1132:
1101:, HarperCollins
1073:
1020:
1015:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
978:
974:
965:
961:
951:
947:
939:Paul Williams,
938:
934:
926:Paul Williams,
925:
921:
917:, 1896, p. 279.
908:
904:
895:
891:
878:
874:
869:
865:
855:Bareau, Andrė:
854:
850:
842:
835:
831:
804:Parinirvana Day
795:
782:tathagatagarbha
730:mahaparinirvana
710:mahaparinirvana
708:understand the
658:
626:
573:
544:
523:, and the Pāli
497:Saṃyutta-nikāya
480:
460:
454:
437:of the Buddha.
328:
290:
268:
240:
212:
186:
144:
116:
76:
60:
58:
45:
44:Translations of
31:Mahaparinirvana
19:
12:
11:
5:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4243:Gautama Buddha
4240:
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4220:
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3993:Standard Hindi
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3905:Nawab of Awadh
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3379:Greco-Buddhist
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3330:Burmese pagoda
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3156:
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3119:
3112:Greco-Buddhism
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
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3063:
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3045:United Kingdom
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3007:
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2990:Czech Republic
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2754:Abhidharmadīpa
2751:
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2672:B. R. Ambedkar
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2592:Songtsen Gampo
2589:
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2271:Eight precepts
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2042:Five Strengths
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1681:Mental factors
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1533:Mahamoggallāna
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1448:Avalokiteśvara
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1135:External links
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784:explicitly as
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620:and so forth.
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521:Avadāna-śataka
507:Sarvāstivādins
502:Ekottara-āgama
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3396:Buddha in art
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2887:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Padmasambhava
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2519:Major figures
2516:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2465:Western tulku
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Five precepts
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Dhamma vicaya
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Buddhābhiṣeka
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Enlightenment
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Dhamma theory
1644:
1642:
1641:Buddha-nature
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Samantabhadra
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1072:0-7007-0338-1
1068:
1065:, Routledge,
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
989:
982:
976:
969:
963:
956:
949:
942:
936:
929:
923:
916:
912:
911:L. A. Waddell
906:
899:
893:
886:
882:
876:
867:
860:
859:
852:
846:, p. 76.
845:
840:
838:
833:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
765:
763:
759:
756:but also the
755:
751:
745:
740:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
713:
711:
707:
706:Nirvana Sutra
702:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Nirvana Sutra
683:
675:
670:
662:
653:
651:
647:
646:Aśōka pillars
643:
639:
635:
631:
621:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
582:
577:
568:
566:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
539:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
511:Mahāsāṃghikas
508:
504:
503:
498:
489:
484:
474:
469:
467:
466:
459:
449:
447:
443:
442:Buddha in art
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
417:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
400:
398:
391:
390:
385:
383:
377:
373:
371:
365:
361:
360:
355:
346:
342:
337:
332:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
295:
284:
282:
278:
273:
272:parinirvāṇaya
265:
260:
258:
254:
249:
244:
237:
232:
230:
226:
221:
216:
206:
204:
200:
195:
190:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
162:
158:
153:
148:
141:
136:
134:
130:
125:
120:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
85:
80:
70:
68:
64:
56:
53:
49:
42:
37:2–3rd century
36:
32:
28:
23:
16:
3914:
3762:Bodhisattvas
3682:Christianity
3677:Baháʼí Faith
3542:Dharmachakra
3532:Prayer wheel
3522:Prayer beads
3290:Architecture
3169:969 Movement
2953:Saudi Arabia
2931:Central Asia
2924:South Africa
2746:
2729:
2662:Panchen Lama
2567:Buddhapālita
2163:Satipatthana
2158:Mindful Yoga
2071:Recollection
1985:Brahmavihara
1856:Japanese Zen
1851:Chinese Chan
1811:Animal realm
1690:
1618:Key concepts
1440:Bodhisattvas
1252:Three Jewels
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1007:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
966:Guang Xing,
962:
948:
940:
935:
927:
922:
905:
897:
892:
884:
880:
875:
866:
857:
851:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
767:
761:
757:
753:
747:
742:
738:
735:
729:
725:
721:
717:
715:
709:
705:
703:
697:
689:
685:
681:
679:
629:
627:
615:
611:buddha-dhatu
609:
603:
595:
591:
587:
585:
564:
555:
547:
545:
531:
529:
524:
520:
516:Buddhacarita
514:
500:
496:
493:
488:Ajanta Caves
471:
463:
461:
439:
430:
424:
418:
411:
393:
387:
379:
367:
358:
357:
351:
124:pa.ri.nibban
57:after death,
30:
15:
4060:Maharajganj
4055:Kushi Nagar
3946:Maharajganj
3915:Parinirvana
3607:Dharma talk
3436:Asalha Puja
3232:Eschatology
3035:Switzerland
3015:New Zealand
2943:Middle East
2852:Philippines
2772:Afghanistan
2577:Bodhidharma
2562:Buddhaghosa
2482:Householder
2392:Monasticism
2345:Bodhisattva
2200:Prostration
2153:Mindfulness
2081:Anapanasati
2064:Kammaṭṭhāna
1861:Korean Seon
1801:Asura realm
1796:Human realm
1736:Ten Fetters
1691:Parinirvana
1593:Uppalavanna
1558:Mahākaccana
1543:Mahākassapa
1475:Kṣitigarbha
1470:Ākāśagarbha
1367:Suddhodāna
1312:Four sights
1239:Foundations
1110:, Shambhala
844:Gethin 1998
809:Prabashvara
799:Mahasamādhi
690:parinirvāṇa
630:parinirvana
617:icchantikas
596:parinirvāṇa
588:parinirvāṇa
548:parinirvana
532:parinirvāṇa
431:parinirvāṇa
382:parinibbāna
370:parinirvāṇa
359:parinirvana
336:parinipphan
309:pawinilbana
264:පරිනිර්වාණය
220:bârĭnĭpvéan
167:parinirwana
113:ပရိနိဗ္ဗာန်
99:parinibbāna
84:parinirvāṇa
46:Parinirvana
4232:Categories
4212:Saharanpur
4167:Chitrakoot
3988:Hindustani
3967:West Rapti
3941:Kushinagar
3910:Kushinagar
3879:Purvanchal
3724:Psychology
3704:Gnosticism
3692:Comparison
3687:Influences
3669:Comparison
3552:Bhavacakra
3510:Kushinagar
3485:Pilgrimage
3431:Māgha Pūjā
3386:Bodhi Tree
3202:Buddhology
3192:Abhidharma
3184:Philosophy
3117:Menander I
2985:Costa Rica
2936:Uzbekistan
2777:Bangladesh
2731:Dhammapada
2715:Pali Canon
2677:Ajahn Chah
2657:Dalai Lama
2557:Kumārajīva
2552:Vasubandhu
2527:The Buddha
2435:Zen master
2370:Sakadagami
2350:Buddhahood
2281:Pratimokṣa
2096:Shikantaza
2052:Meditation
2027:Deity yoga
1898:Madhyamaka
1791:Deva realm
1686:Mindstream
1636:Bodhicitta
1548:Aṅgulimāla
1415:Devadatta
1391:Yaśodharā
1294:The Buddha
1284:Middle Way
726:dharmakaya
536:Kuśinagara
534:itself at
294:myang 'das
248:banyeolban
209:បរិនិព្វាន
194:hatsunehan
161:Indonesian
73:परिनिर्वाण
4207:Prayagraj
4202:Moradabad
4172:Devipatan
4045:Gorakhpur
4002:Transport
3936:Gorakhpur
3924:Districts
3792:Festivals
3772:Buddhists
3734:Theosophy
3537:Symbolism
3527:Hama yumi
3500:Bodh Gaya
3267:Socialism
3242:Evolution
3217:Economics
3055:Venezuela
2970:Australia
2965:Argentina
2889:Sri Lanka
2884:Singapore
2802:Indonesia
2764:Countries
2705:Tripiṭaka
2667:Ajahn Mun
2542:Nagarjuna
2537:Aśvaghoṣa
2420:Anagārika
2415:Śrāmaṇerī
2410:Śrāmaṇera
2405:Bhikkhunī
2365:Sotāpanna
2254:Passaddhi
2195:Offerings
2170:Nekkhamma
2047:Iddhipada
1967:Practices
1937:Theravada
1910:Vajrayana
1903:Yogachara
1873:Pure Land
1786:Six Paths
1773:Cosmology
1553:Anuruddha
1528:Sāriputta
1518:Kaundinya
1510:Disciples
1485:Vajrapāṇi
1337:Footprint
1302:Tathāgata
562:Theravada
525:Mahāvaṃsa
324:ปรินิพพาน
4217:Varanasi
4197:Mirzapur
4157:Bareilly
4152:Azamgarh
4069:See also
4050:Bansgaon
3983:Bhojpuri
3962:Ghaghara
3810:Category
3739:Violence
3709:Hinduism
3657:Sanskrit
3612:Hinayana
3597:Amitābha
3557:Swastika
3426:Uposatha
3416:Holidays
3401:Calendar
3247:Humanism
3085:Kanishka
3075:Timeline
2899:Thailand
2867:Kalmykia
2862:Buryatia
2847:Pakistan
2832:Mongolia
2827:Maldives
2822:Malaysia
2787:Cambodia
2652:Shamarpa
2647:Nichiren
2597:Xuanzang
2532:Nagasena
2450:Rinpoche
2180:Pāramitā
2022:Devotion
1942:Navayana
1930:Dzogchen
1893:Nichiren
1841:Mahayana
1833:Branches
1711:Saṅkhāra
1460:Mañjuśrī
1417:(cousin)
1409:(cousin)
1377:(mother)
1369:(father)
1357:Miracles
1307:Birthday
1224:Glossary
1197:Buddhism
793:See also
776:and the
772:... the
760:and the
676:, Japan
674:Miyajima
638:Rampurva
519:and the
509:and the
421:Mahāyāna
419:In some
413:skandhas
364:Sanskrit
354:Buddhism
287:མྱང་འདས།
175:Japanese
152:bōnièpán
67:Sanskrit
35:Gandhara
4187:Lucknow
4147:Ayodhya
4142:Aligarh
4024:NH 233B
3872:General
3787:Temples
3767:Buddhas
3729:Science
3719:Judaism
3714:Jainism
3632:Lineage
3592:Abhijñā
3562:Thangka
3505:Sarnath
3490:Lumbini
3411:Funeral
3406:Cuisine
3282:Culture
3257:Reality
3207:Creator
3197:Atomism
3067:History
3040:Ukraine
3000:Germany
2919:Senegal
2909:Vietnam
2837:Myanmar
2637:Shinran
2627:Karmapa
2602:Shandao
2572:Dignāga
2497:Śrāvaka
2477:Donchee
2472:Kappiya
2430:Sayadaw
2400:Bhikkhu
2375:Anāgāmi
2332:Nirvana
2298:Samadhi
2185:Paritta
2126:Tonglen
2121:Mandala
2076:Smarana
2057:Mantras
2005:Upekkha
1975:Bhavana
1925:Shingon
1878:Tiantai
1731:Tathātā
1721:Śūnyatā
1716:Skandha
1706:Saṃsāra
1701:Rebirth
1676:Kleshas
1666:Indriya
1568:Subhūti
1453:Guanyin
1407:Ānanda
1399:Rāhula
1279:Nirvana
1219:Outline
1018:Sources
642:Bettiah
600:Cunda's
550:of the
490:– India
465:samsara
440:In the
408:rebirth
397:Saṃsāra
389:nirvana
303:Tagalog
281:Tibetan
257:Sinhala
133:Chinese
107:Burmese
55:Nirvana
51:English
4192:Meerut
4182:Kanpur
4177:Jhansi
4040:Deoria
4014:NH 727
3931:Deoria
3866:topics
3782:Sutras
3777:Suttas
3642:Siddhi
3627:Koliya
3602:Brahmā
3517:Poetry
3463:Mantra
3453:Kasaya
3325:Pagoda
3305:Kyaung
3300:Vihāra
3295:Temple
3237:Ethics
3080:Ashoka
3030:Sweden
3025:Poland
3020:Norway
3010:Mexico
2995:France
2980:Canada
2975:Brazil
2914:Africa
2894:Taiwan
2857:Russia
2782:Bhutan
2742:Vinaya
2622:Naropa
2612:Saraha
2547:Asanga
2303:Prajñā
2212:Refuge
2175:Nianfo
2136:Tertön
2131:Tantra
2116:Ganana
2106:Tukdam
2032:Dhyāna
2000:Mudita
1995:Karuṇā
1888:Risshū
1883:Huayan
1816:Naraka
1756:Anattā
1751:Dukkha
1746:Anicca
1651:Dharma
1603:Channa
1538:Ānanda
1523:Assaji
1490:Skanda
1393:(wife)
1362:Family
1342:Relics
1267:Sangha
1262:Dharma
1257:Buddha
1069:
552:Buddha
229:Korean
215:UNGEGN
189:Rōmaji
147:Pinyin
27:Buddha
4162:Basti
4019:NH 24
4009:NH 28
3884:Awadh
3754:Lists
3622:Kalpa
3617:Iddhi
3480:Music
3475:Mudra
3441:Vassa
3421:Vesak
3391:Budai
3337:Candi
3320:Stupa
3252:Logic
3005:Italy
2904:Tibet
2842:Nepal
2812:Korea
2807:Japan
2797:India
2792:China
2737:Sutra
2692:Texts
2642:Dōgen
2632:Hōnen
2617:Atiśa
2582:Zhiyi
2492:Achar
2460:Tulku
2455:Geshe
2440:Rōshi
2425:Ajahn
2380:Arhat
2340:Bodhi
2310:Vīrya
2227:Sacca
2222:Satya
2217:Sādhu
2205:Music
2148:Merit
2141:Terma
2101:Zazen
2037:Faith
1990:Mettā
1671:Karma
1631:Bardo
1598:Asita
1588:Khema
1578:Upāli
1563:Nanda
1401:(son)
1375:Māyā
1352:Films
1229:Index
829:Notes
786:atman
650:Patna
565:sutta
404:karma
203:Khmer
119:MLCTS
29:, or
4137:Agra
3652:Pāḷi
3637:Māra
3547:Flag
2948:Iran
2872:Tuva
2817:Laos
2445:Lama
2293:Śīla
2261:Śīla
2249:Pīti
2239:Sati
2190:Puja
2111:Koan
2017:Dāna
1608:Yasa
1495:Tārā
1067:ISBN
722:MMPS
718:MMPS
694:Self
546:The
435:Self
406:and
376:Pali
331:RTGS
317:Thai
93:Pali
79:IAST
3374:Art
3310:Wat
1846:Zen
1145:PDF
1143:or
770:TGS
632:of
352:In
236:반열반
182:般涅槃
140:般涅槃
4234::
2876:ru
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527:.
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