288:
511:
2961:
218:
412:
40:
454:, referring to a person stripped of his civil rights being "free" for the taking like a bird. In Germany and Slavic countries during the 15th to 19th centuries, groups of outlaws were composed of former prisoners, soldiers, etc. Hence, they became an important social phenomenon. They lived off of robbery, and local inhabitants from lower classes often supported their activity. The best known are
390:
129:(" a wolf's head"), equating that person with a wolf in the eyes of the law. Not only was the subject deprived of all legal rights, being outside the "law", but others could kill him on sight as if he were a wolf or other wild animal. Women were declared "waived" rather than outlawed, but it was effectively the same punishment.
493:
requiring a person to submit themselves to police custody before a given date, or be declared an outlaw. An outlawed person could be apprehended "alive or dead" by any of the Queen's subjects, "whether a constable or not", and without "being accountable for using of any deadly weapon in aid of such
103:
A secondary meaning of outlaw is a person systematically avoiding capture by evasion and violence. These meanings are related and overlapping but not necessarily identical. A fugitive who is declared outside protection of law in one jurisdiction but who receives asylum and lives openly and obedient
360:
There was also a doctrine of civil outlawry. Civil outlawry did not carry the sentence of capital punishment. It was, however, imposed on defendants who fled or evaded justice when sued for civil actions like debts or torts. The punishments for civil outlawry were harsh, including confiscation of
160:("interdiction of water and fire"). Such people penalized were required to leave Roman territory and forfeit their property. If they returned, they were effectively outlaws; providing them the use of fire or water was illegal, and they could be killed at will without legal penalty.
624:. Thus, "outlaw" is still commonly used to mean those violating the law or, by extension, those living that lifestyle, whether actual criminals evading the law or those merely opposed to "law-and-order" notions of conformity and authority (such as the "
380:
until the late 1940s. Since then, failure to find the defendant and serve process is usually interpreted in favour of the plaintiff, and harsh penalties for mere nonappearance (merely presumed flight to escape justice) no longer apply.
108:). A fugitive who remains formally entitled to a form of trial if captured alive but avoids capture because of the high risk of conviction and severe punishment if tried is an outlaw in the second sense but not the first (
336:, outlawry faded out, not so much by legal changes as by the greater population density of the country, which made it harder for wanted fugitives to evade capture, and by the adoption of international
620:
in several fictional settings. This was particularly so in the United States, where outlaws were popular subjects of 19th-century newspaper coverage and stories and 20th-century fiction and
534:
There have been several instances in military and political conflicts throughout history whereby one side declares the other as being "illegal", notorious cases being the use of
502:. Although the provisions of the New South Wales Felons Apprehension Act were not exercised after the end of the bushranging era, they remained on the statute book until 1976.
276:
death. The outlaw was debarred from all civilized society. No one was allowed to give him food, shelter, or any other sort of support—to do so was to commit the crime of
1671:
348:
for several different constituencies between 1810 and 1835, was outlawed by due process of law for absenting himself from trial for homosexuality and died in 1855 in
264:, a judgment of (criminal) outlawry was one of the harshest penalties in the legal system since the outlaw could not use the legal system for protection, e.g., from
869:
2037:
481:
The concept of outlawry was reintroduced to
British law by several Australian colonial governments in the late 19th century to deal with the menace of
86:
is conspicuously absent, and outlawing is the most extreme punishment, presumably amounting to a death sentence in practice. The concept is known from
1012:
321:
By the rules of common law, a criminal outlaw did not need to be guilty of the crime for which he was an outlaw. If a man was accused of treason or
1604:
1299:
3458:
1405:
1345:
1328:
1071:
Schmidt–Wiegand, Ruth (1998). "Vogelfrei". Handwörterbuch der
Deutschen Rechtsgeschichte . 5: Straftheorie . Berlin: Schmidt. pp. 930–32.
306:
An outlaw might be killed with impunity, and it was not only lawful but meritorious to kill a thief fleeing from justice—to do so was not
2765:
2640:
2650:
284:" is similar but implies that a trial is desired (namely if the wanted person is returned alive), whereas outlawry precludes a trial.
2908:
1806:
551:
2757:
2695:
1676:
2737:
2068:
1714:
873:
2732:
1651:
345:
340:
pacts. It was obsolete when the offence was abolished in 1938. Outlawry was, however, a living practice as of 1855: in 1841,
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2997:
2742:
1681:
2775:
51:
3211:
2923:
2903:
2882:
2887:
2770:
2613:
1274:
1255:
1076:
573:", which allowed any nation to prey on it. Taking the opposite road, some outlaws became political leaders, such as
74:. In pre-modern societies, all legal protection was withdrawn from the criminal, so anyone was legally empowered to
2635:
1321:
291:
256:
refers to the formal procedure of declaring someone an outlaw, i.e., putting him outside legal protection. In the
3341:
1656:
838:
310:. A man who slew a thief was expected to declare the fact without delay; otherwise, the dead man's kindred might
3441:
2625:
708:
104:
to local laws in another jurisdiction is an outlaw in the first meaning but not the second (one example being
3346:
2918:
2690:
2685:
2169:
1599:
47:
2913:
2747:
2712:
2663:
2387:
718:
294:, was outlawed in 1597 by a coroner's court for the murder of Henry Long. He went to France and joined the
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3544:
3503:
3261:
2867:
2857:
2724:
1932:
1526:
1314:
613:
515:
3559:
3513:
3301:
2847:
2186:
1707:
1666:
3508:
3436:
3296:
2872:
2812:
1363:
1179:
55:
3518:
2990:
2817:
2807:
2164:
1976:
986:
789:
769:
609:
590:
17:
3639:
3478:
3180:
2964:
2862:
2797:
1469:
1088:
578:
325:
but failed to appear in court to defend himself, he was deemed convicted. If he was accused of a
31:
1139:
1114:
3720:
3483:
3366:
3236:
2822:
2451:
2193:
1375:
774:
558:
524:
436:
424:
373:
299:
1247:
3715:
3587:
3582:
3321:
3168:
3163:
2877:
2852:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2680:
1748:
1700:
1496:
1484:
1358:
307:
1239:
455:
372:
to appear and plead. Still, the possibility of being declared an outlaw for derelictions of
3725:
3617:
3549:
3371:
3361:
3356:
3336:
3281:
3231:
2938:
2933:
2837:
2707:
2658:
2052:
2018:
2003:
1839:
1786:
1624:
1464:
495:
489:
provided that a judge could, upon proof of sufficiently notorious conduct, issue a special
281:
164:
70:, in its original and legal meaning, is a person declared as outside the protection of the
287:
8:
3622:
3383:
3306:
3241:
3206:
3120:
2983:
2322:
2127:
2102:
2082:
1986:
1501:
1489:
1418:
510:
341:
277:
105:
244:. The earliest reference to outlawry in English legal texts appears in the 8th century.
236:, an outlaw was a party who had defied the laws of the realm by such acts as ignoring a
3597:
3554:
3493:
3395:
3271:
3125:
2479:
2461:
2456:
2444:
2278:
2097:
2077:
2047:
1829:
1801:
1661:
1573:
1429:
1337:
1293:
980:
953:
562:
547:
261:
120:
79:
59:
329:, then he was guilty of a serious contempt of court which was itself a capital crime.
78:
or kill them. Outlawry was thus one of the harshest penalties in the legal system. In
3632:
3577:
3405:
3276:
3216:
3109:
3030:
2484:
2402:
2139:
2092:
2030:
1859:
1270:
1251:
1240:
1163:
Timeline: The
Congress of Vienna, the Hundred Days, and Napoleon's Exile on St Helena
1072:
957:
658:
643:
467:
295:
109:
3710:
3592:
3488:
3415:
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3153:
3084:
2928:
2802:
2702:
2532:
2340:
2230:
2181:
2154:
1907:
1902:
1755:
1454:
1449:
1439:
1370:
1166:
945:
574:
566:
180:
3664:
3612:
3602:
3376:
3175:
2673:
2365:
2176:
1922:
1912:
1636:
1553:
842:
809:
749:
617:
605:
596:
486:
365:
212:
168:
3607:
3528:
3420:
3286:
3266:
3256:
3067:
2630:
2574:
2413:
2370:
2298:
2042:
2013:
1938:
1892:
1834:
1791:
1578:
1474:
1444:
1380:
823:
663:
625:
539:
471:
463:
192:
172:
1162:
949:
936:
Carella, B (2015). "The
Earliest Expression for Outlawry in Anglo-Saxon Law".
3704:
3659:
3498:
3453:
3400:
3316:
3221:
3077:
2471:
2268:
2057:
1927:
1917:
1875:
1849:
1844:
1781:
1741:
1629:
1479:
813:
693:
668:
621:
601:
Though the judgment of outlawry is now obsolete (even though it inspired the
490:
475:
459:
447:
188:
184:
125:
83:
43:
3669:
3654:
3523:
3331:
3201:
3132:
3115:
3062:
3021:
2504:
2431:
2210:
2200:
2119:
1869:
1776:
1726:
1390:
784:
535:
393:
333:
326:
311:
273:
176:
3689:
3644:
3158:
3094:
2668:
2499:
2489:
2439:
2421:
2332:
2293:
2087:
1998:
1981:
1619:
1459:
1434:
1424:
1385:
1049:
Administration of
Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1938, section 12
754:
698:
482:
451:
337:
269:
265:
230:
196:
112:
was tried and sentenced merely to a term of imprisonment when captured).
97:
1140:"Outlawry in Colonial Australia: The Felons Apprehension Acts 1865–1899"
1115:"Outlawry in Colonial Australia: The Felons Apprehension Acts 1865–1899"
431:
Outlawry also existed in other ancient legal codes, such as the ancient
3326:
3311:
3246:
3072:
3051:
3006:
2514:
1854:
1583:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1521:
733:
728:
683:
673:
499:
420:
257:
233:
222:
200:
143:
116:
92:
688:
240:
to court or fleeing instead of appearing to plead when charged with a
217:
3674:
3100:
3057:
3040:
3036:
2560:
2555:
2522:
2494:
2382:
2377:
2313:
2288:
2235:
2149:
1864:
1796:
1641:
1614:
1516:
1306:
828:
764:
678:
648:
443:
432:
416:
377:
369:
153:
87:
75:
411:
280:, and to be in danger of the ban oneself. A more recent concept of "
163:
The interdiction of water and fire was traditionally imposed by the
3679:
3137:
2569:
2541:
2527:
2394:
2360:
2318:
2303:
2263:
2008:
1646:
1558:
738:
713:
653:
543:
520:
315:
3627:
3410:
3291:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2308:
2258:
2250:
2240:
2144:
2132:
1991:
1887:
1881:
1568:
1563:
1511:
1506:
1395:
1353:
845:
senior society named for the legal maxim associated with outlawry
818:
799:
794:
759:
703:
400:
397:
237:
175:. It was later also applied by many other officials, such as the
39:
3684:
3649:
3251:
2350:
2283:
2223:
2218:
2025:
1692:
804:
779:
744:
723:
570:
404:
389:
349:
322:
3226:
3045:
2975:
2345:
2273:
1824:
1609:
638:
241:
149:
30:
This article is about the legal concept. For other uses, see
993:
552:
declared had "deprived himself of the protection of the law"
2355:
1897:
870:"Outlaws and outlawry in medieval and early modern England"
833:
1672:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United
Nations
376:
duty continued to exist in
English law until 1879 and in
71:
867:
361:
chattels (movable property) left behind by the outlaw.
1286:
The
History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I
1212:
Black's Law
Dictionary at 1255 (4th ed. 1951), citing
27:
Person declared as outside the protection of the law
894:
892:
890:
268:. To be declared an outlaw was to suffer a form of
904:
364:In the civil context, outlawry became obsolete in
1013:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
494:apprehension." Similar provisions were passed in
446:and its cognates came to be used in Germany, the
3702:
887:
1283:
1185:(in Spanish). The Murciano Canton. 24 July 1873
999:
542:. In later times there was the notable case of
167:and is attested to have been in use during the
863:
861:
859:
485:. The Felons Apprehension Act (1865 No 2a) of
123:, a "writ of outlawry" made the pronouncement
2991:
1708:
1322:
608:which is still to this day introduced in the
2612:
2392:
368:by reforms that no longer required summoned
298:; two years later, he was pardoned by Queen
1229:Berger, Adolf. "Interdicere aqua et igni".
1137:
1112:
868:National Archives staff (26 January 2012).
856:
2998:
2984:
1715:
1701:
1329:
1315:
1298:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1288:(2nd (1898), reprint ed.). Cambridge.
1264:
530:after his surrender to the British in 1815
3459:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
403:for three years (so in about 982 he went
2600:
1242:A history of exile in the Roman republic
509:
505:
410:
388:
286:
216:
38:
1677:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
935:
557:In modern times, the government of the
14:
3703:
1336:
1284:Pollock, F.; Maitland, F. W. (1968) .
1246:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1089:"Felons Apprehension Act (1865 No 2a)"
970:
569:, declared the Cartagena fleet to be "
2979:
2599:
1956:
1696:
1310:
1237:
910:
384:
225:, a heroic outlaw in English folklore
3447:Right-wing authoritarian personality
1682:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1231:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law
1203:Rubenson, King of Kings, pp. 36–39
1060:Commentaries on the Laws of England
24:
1958:
1957:
1228:
1180:"Cartagena Public Salvation Board"
1062:, Book 3, Chapter XIX "Of Process"
898:
577:'s Kassa Hailu who became Emperor
50:rebel soldier and founder of the "
25:
3737:
1605:Most recent executions by country
1216:, 116 S.C. 77, 106 S.E. 855, 859.
1165:, Center of Digital Initiatives,
2960:
2959:
1722:
1267:The Encyclopedia of the Old West
628:" music movement in the 1970s).
584:
442:In early modern times, the term
199:. It fell out of use during the
132:
1657:Religion and capital punishment
1206:
1197:
1172:
1156:
1131:
1106:
1081:
1065:
1052:
1043:
1031:
616:), romanticised outlaws became
137:
96:, and persisted throughout the
3442:Authoritarian leadership style
3005:
2601:
1019:
1005:
964:
929:
916:
709:List of depression-era outlaws
314:and require the slayer to pay
13:
1:
3347:Social construction of gender
1600:Enforcement or use by country
1222:
344:, who had previously been an
3342:Rally 'round the flag effect
719:List of Old West gunfighters
312:clear his name by their oath
292:Henry Danvers, Earl of Danby
54:" in the area in and around
7:
3545:Asch conformity experiments
3262:Identification (psychology)
1527:Hanged, drawn and quartered
1093:New South Wales legislation
1058:William Blackstone (1753),
1000:Pollock & Maitland 1968
631:
614:State Opening of Parliament
516:Napoleon on the Bellerophon
247:
171:of the third century BC by
10:
3742:
3560:Stanford prison experiment
3302:Normative social influence
1807:Weberian (three-component)
1265:McLoughlin, Denis (1977).
594:
588:
210:
206:
158:aquae et ignis interdictio
141:
29:
3568:
3537:
3509:Normalization of deviance
3471:
3437:Authoritarian personality
3429:
3189:
3146:
3020:
3013:
2955:
2896:
2788:
2756:
2723:
2649:
2621:
2608:
2595:
2513:
2470:
2430:
2412:
2331:
2249:
2209:
2118:
2111:
2066:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1815:
1769:
1765:
1736:
1592:
1404:
1344:
1269:. Taylor & Francisb.
1238:Kelly, Gordon P. (2006).
950:10.1017/S0362152900012356
538:in the civil wars of the
56:Jones County, Mississippi
3519:Preference falsification
2929:Pre-industrial East Asia
1346:Current judicial methods
971:Bauman, Zygmunt (n.d.).
926:, book VI, section XLIV.
850:
790:Robber baron (feudalism)
770:Outlaw (stock character)
610:British House of Commons
591:Outlaw (stock character)
407:and explored Greenland).
355:
302:and returned to England.
156:included the penalty of
46:(1837–1922) was an anti-
3181:Tyranny of the majority
1977:Administrative detainee
973:Modernity and Holocaust
579:Tewodros II of Ethiopia
561:, unable to reduce the
58:, at the height of the
32:Outlaw (disambiguation)
3484:Communal reinforcement
3237:False consensus effect
2393:
1040:(31st ed., 1943) p. 98
1028:(30th ed., 1938) p. 71
1016:(30th ed., 1938) p. 71
775:Outlaw motorcycle club
559:First Spanish Republic
531:
428:
425:Government of Victoria
408:
303:
226:
63:
3588:Anti-social behaviour
3583:Anti-authoritarianism
3322:Pluralistic ignorance
3169:National conservatism
3164:Left-wing nationalism
3147:Governmental pressure
2934:Pre-industrial Europe
1214:Oliveros v. Henderson
812:, a term invented by
595:Further information:
513:
506:As a political weapon
423:were outlawed by the
414:
392:
290:
220:
148:Among other forms of
42:
3550:Breaching experiment
3337:Operant conditioning
3282:Mere exposure effect
2791: or countries
2602:By country or region
1840:Class discrimination
985:: CS1 maint: year (
550:, on 13 March 1815,
437:Icelandic legal code
396:was outlawed by the
282:wanted dead or alive
165:tribune of the plebs
3430:Individual pressure
3307:Passing (sociology)
3242:Fear of missing out
3207:Closure (sociology)
3121:Enemy of the people
2323:Vanniar (Chieftain)
1490:Republican marriage
1419:Damnatio ad bestias
342:William John Bankes
318:as for a true man.
278:aiding and abetting
106:William John Bankes
90:, as the status of
52:Free State of Jones
3598:Civil disobedience
3555:Milgram experiment
3494:Creeping normality
3396:Social integration
3332:Psychosocial issue
3272:Invented tradition
3126:Enemy of the state
2904:18th-century Spain
2758:Standard of living
2462:Upper middle class
2457:Lower middle class
2048:Political prisoner
1830:Chattering classes
1802:Spoon class theory
1662:Wrongful execution
1574:Suffocation in ash
1430:Blowing from a gun
1338:Capital punishment
563:Cantonal rebellion
548:Congress of Vienna
544:Napoleon Bonaparte
532:
521:Napoleon Bonaparte
429:
409:
385:In other countries
332:In the context of
304:
227:
80:early Germanic law
64:
60:American Civil War
3698:
3697:
3578:Alternative media
3467:
3466:
3406:Spiral of silence
3277:Memory conformity
3217:Consensus reality
3110:Persona non grata
3031:Damnatio memoriae
2973:
2972:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2784:
2783:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2485:Lumpenproletariat
1987:illegal immigrant
1948:
1947:
1860:Classless society
1690:
1689:
1667:Botched execution
1138:ANZLH E-Journal.
1113:ANZLH E-Journal.
874:National Archives
659:Bill of attainder
644:American Old West
16:(Redirected from
3733:
3623:Devil's advocate
3593:Auto-segregation
3489:Countersignaling
3416:Toxic positivity
3391:Social influence
3352:Social contagion
3197:Bandwagon effect
3154:Authoritarianism
3018:
3017:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2963:
2962:
2790:
2691:Mexican-American
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2597:
2596:
2398:
2341:Business magnate
2231:Knowledge worker
2116:
2115:
2004:dual or multiple
1967:
1966:
1954:
1953:
1908:Social exclusion
1903:Social cleansing
1817:
1767:
1766:
1756:Economic classes
1717:
1710:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1376:Nitrogen hypoxia
1371:Lethal injection
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1280:
1261:
1245:
1234:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1167:Brown University
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
990:
984:
976:
968:
962:
961:
933:
927:
924:De Bello Gallico
922:Caesar, Julius.
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
885:
884:
882:
880:
865:
618:stock characters
567:Cartagena, Spain
419:and his gang of
21:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3665:Insubordination
3613:Culture jamming
3603:Cosmopolitanism
3564:
3533:
3504:Internalization
3463:
3425:
3185:
3176:Totalitarianism
3142:
3009:
3004:
2974:
2969:
2943:
2892:
2780:
2752:
2719:
2703:Underprivileged
2645:
2604:
2603:
2579:
2509:
2466:
2426:
2408:
2327:
2245:
2205:
2107:
2062:
1961:
1960:
1944:
1923:Social position
1913:Social mobility
1811:
1761:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1691:
1686:
1652:List of methods
1637:Final statement
1588:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1340:
1335:
1291:
1290:
1277:
1258:
1225:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
978:
977:
969:
965:
934:
930:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
888:
878:
876:
866:
857:
853:
848:
843:Yale University
810:Social banditry
750:Merchant raider
634:
606:Outlawries Bill
599:
597:Social banditry
593:
587:
508:
487:New South Wales
387:
366:civil procedure
358:
250:
215:
213:Outlawries Bill
209:
191:and provincial
169:First Punic War
146:
140:
135:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3608:Counterculture
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3570:Anticonformity
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3529:Social reality
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3421:Untouchability
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:Milieu control
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Indoctrination
3264:
3259:
3257:Herd mentality
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3190:Group pressure
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3113:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Cancel culture
3065:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3034:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Ottoman Empire
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Ancient Greece
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2883:United Kingdom
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2776:Home-ownership
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:American Dream
2628:
2622:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Migrant worker
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1959:By demographic
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1939:Status Anxiety
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Ranked society
1890:
1885:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Class conflict
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1818: topics
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:Mudsill theory
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1593:Related topics
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1579:Upright jerker
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1477:
1475:Disembowelment
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:Breaking wheel
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1408:Post-classical
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1281:
1275:
1262:
1256:
1235:
1233:. p. 507.
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1205:
1196:
1171:
1155:
1130:
1105:
1080:
1064:
1051:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1004:
992:
963:
928:
915:
903:
901:, p. 507.
886:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:
836:
831:
826:
824:Untouchability
821:
816:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
741:("red beards")
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Border reivers
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
635:
633:
630:
626:outlaw country
622:Western movies
589:Main article:
586:
583:
540:Roman Republic
507:
504:
472:Schinderhannes
464:Oleksa Dovbush
386:
383:
357:
354:
352:as an outlaw.
249:
246:
208:
205:
173:Cato the Elder
139:
136:
134:
131:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3738:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Legal history
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Individualism
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Herd behavior
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Control freak
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Socialization
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Peer pressure
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Normalization
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Culture shock
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:Deplatforming
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2888:United States
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:Other regions
2787:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:United States
2611:
2607:
2598:
2594:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Socioeconomic
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Social stigma
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Social orphan
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:Nouveau riche
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Class traitor
1848:
1846:
1845:Class society
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Gilbert model
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
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1660:
1658:
1655:
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1650:
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1640:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1630:Scharfrichter
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
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1577:
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1565:
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1557:
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1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
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1491:
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1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Dismemberment
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
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1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Electrocution
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
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1339:
1332:
1327:
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1312:
1309:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1276:9780710009630
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1257:9780521848602
1253:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1200:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1141:
1134:
1116:
1109:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1077:3-503-00015-1
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1002:, p. 53.
1001:
996:
988:
982:
974:
967:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
925:
919:
913:, p. 28.
912:
907:
900:
895:
893:
891:
875:
871:
864:
862:
860:
855:
844:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Eric Hobsbawm
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
694:Caput lupinum
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Bounty hunter
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
598:
592:
585:Popular usage
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
528:
522:
518:
517:
512:
503:
501:
497:
492:
491:bench warrant
488:
484:
479:
477:
476:Hans Kohlhase
473:
469:
465:
462:in Slovakia,
461:
460:Jakub Surovec
457:
456:Juraj Jánošík
453:
449:
448:Low Countries
445:
440:
438:
434:
426:
422:
418:
413:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
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353:
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328:
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245:
243:
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224:
219:
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204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Julius Caesar
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
145:
133:Legal history
130:
128:
127:
126:Caput lupinum
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
101:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:death penalty
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:Newton Knight
41:
37:
33:
19:
3716:Criminal law
3670:Pueblo clown
3655:Idiosyncrasy
3640:Eccentricity
3524:Social proof
3232:Echo chamber
3212:Collectivism
3202:Brainwashing
3133:Scapegoating
3116:Public enemy
3108:
3099:
3089:
3063:Blacklisting
3050:
3029:
3022:Proscription
2939:Soviet Union
2914:Ancient Rome
2771:Homelessness
2696:Upper Middle
2568: /
2549: /
2540: /
2537:
2505:Working poor
2401:
2388:Robber baron
2211:Intellectual
2201:Royal family
2165:Ancient Rome
2019:second-class
1937:
1880:
1879: /
1874:
1870:High society
1777:Elite theory
1754:
1747:
1740:
1727:Social class
1564:Slow slicing
1546:
1417:
1364:firing squad
1285:
1266:
1241:
1230:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1174:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1007:
995:
972:
966:
941:
937:
931:
923:
918:
906:
877:. Retrieved
785:River pirate
602:
600:
565:centered in
556:
536:proscription
533:
526:
514:
480:
478:in Germany.
470:in Hungary,
468:Rózsa Sándor
466:in Ukraine,
441:
430:
427:, Australia.
394:Erik the Red
363:
359:
334:criminal law
331:
327:misdemeanour
320:
305:
253:
251:
228:
221:A statue of
201:early Empire
162:
157:
147:
138:Ancient Rome
124:
114:
110:Sándor Rózsa
102:
91:
67:
65:
36:
3726:Punishments
3690:Shock value
3645:Eclecticism
3538:Experiments
3159:Nationalism
3095:Civil death
3014:Enforcement
2858:New Zealand
2575:Untouchable
2500:Proletariat
2490:Pea-pickers
2440:Bourgeoisie
2128:Aristocracy
2014:naturalized
2009:native-born
1620:Executioner
1460:Crucifixion
1435:Brazen bull
1425:Blood eagle
1406:Ancient and
1386:Gas chamber
1148:4 September
1123:4 September
1098:4 September
975:. p. .
839:Wolf's Head
755:Nazi hunter
699:Civil death
612:during the
527:Bellerophon
483:bushranging
452:Scandinavia
421:bushrangers
338:extradition
300:Elizabeth I
296:French Army
266:mob justice
197:Gallic Wars
195:during the
181:magistrates
98:Middle Ages
48:Confederate
3705:Categories
3479:Compliance
3472:Conformity
3372:Hysterical
3362:Behavioral
3327:Propaganda
3312:Patriotism
3247:Groupthink
3073:Censorship
3052:Homo sacer
3007:Conformity
2848:Luxembourg
2738:Inequality
2403:Superclass
2194:Hereditary
2170:Post-Roman
2161:Patrician
2031:adolescent
1855:Classicide
1584:Waist chop
1548:Mazzatello
1542:Ishikozume
1537:Impalement
1532:Immurement
1522:Guillotine
1470:Decimation
1223:References
944:: 111–43.
911:Kelly 2006
872:. British
734:Homo sacer
729:Highwayman
684:Bushranger
674:Brigandage
500:Queensland
370:defendants
258:common law
234:common law
223:Robin Hood
211:See also:
144:Homo sacer
142:See also:
117:common law
93:homo sacer
3675:Rebellion
3633:Political
3514:Obedience
3384:Emotional
3357:Addiction
3101:Vogelfrei
3058:Ostracism
3041:Dissenter
3037:Dissident
2873:Sri Lanka
2766:Education
2733:Household
2626:Affluence
2561:Rat tribe
2523:Ant tribe
2495:Precariat
2480:Lazzaroni
2422:Bohemians
2383:Overclass
2378:Old money
2314:Spartiate
2289:Kshatriya
2279:Hashashin
2236:Professor
2177:Political
2150:Oligarchy
2140:Hanseaten
2058:Stateless
2038:Convicted
1970:By status
1933:Subaltern
1865:Euthenics
1797:New class
1642:Last meal
1615:Death row
1517:Gibbeting
1391:Beheading
1294:cite book
1189:7 January
981:cite book
958:233360789
829:Vigilante
765:Ostracism
679:Buccaneer
649:Attainder
603:pro forma
546:whom the
444:Vogelfrei
417:Ned Kelly
415:In 1878,
398:Icelandic
378:Scots law
254:outlawry
252:The term
154:Roman law
88:Roman law
76:persecute
3680:Red team
3618:Deviance
3138:Shunning
2965:Category
2897:Historic
2818:Colombia
2808:Cambodia
2743:Personal
2641:Mobility
2570:Freedman
2556:Plebeian
2542:Prisoner
2528:Commoner
2414:Creative
2395:Seigneur
2361:Nobility
2319:Vanniyar
2304:Pendekar
2264:Cossacks
1898:Snobbery
1770:Theories
1647:Penology
1559:Scaphism
1497:Elephant
1485:Drowning
1465:Crushing
1359:Shooting
1038:Archbold
1026:Archbold
938:Traditio
739:Honghuzi
714:Gangster
654:Banditry
632:See also
575:Ethiopia
496:Victoria
316:weregild
248:Criminal
193:governor
18:Outlawry
3711:Outlaws
3628:Dissent
3411:Teasing
3377:Suicide
3292:Mobbing
3085:Outcast
2868:Romania
2863:Nigeria
2748:Poverty
2651:Classes
2636:History
2547:Peasant
2533:Outcast
2472:Working
2452:Burgher
2309:Samurai
2299:Ocēlōtl
2259:Chhetri
2251:Warrior
2241:Scholar
2155:Russian
2145:Magnate
2133:Aristoi
2112:By type
1999:Citizen
1992:refugee
1888:Poverty
1882:Parvenu
1816:Related
1787:Marxian
1749:Stratum
1569:Stoning
1512:Garrote
1507:Flaying
1502:Falling
1455:Burning
1440:Boiling
1410:methods
1396:Stoning
1354:Hanging
1169:Library
879:20 June
800:Shanlin
760:Nithing
704:Dacoity
689:Cangaço
571:piratic
401:Althing
262:England
238:summons
231:English
207:England
189:general
121:England
115:In the
3685:Satire
3650:Hermit
3252:Hazing
3090:Outlaw
2823:France
2803:Belize
2798:Africa
2725:Income
2681:Middle
2674:Gentry
2538:Outlaw
2445:Petite
2432:Middle
2366:Landed
2351:Gentry
2284:Knight
2224:Priest
2219:Clergy
2182:Family
2120:Ruling
2069:collar
2026:Clique
1742:Status
1554:Sawing
1450:Burial
1273:
1254:
1075:
956:
899:Berger
805:Shifta
795:Robber
780:Piracy
745:Klepht
724:Hajduk
450:, and
405:viking
350:Venice
323:felony
308:murder
274:social
183:, and
177:Senate
82:, the
68:outlaw
3367:Crime
3227:Dogma
3046:Exile
2919:Aztec
2878:Tibet
2853:Nepal
2843:Italy
2833:India
2828:Haiti
2813:China
2713:Under
2708:Lower
2686:Black
2669:Donor
2664:Black
2659:Upper
2566:Slave
2515:Under
2371:Petty
2346:Elite
2333:Upper
2274:Harii
2269:Cuāuh
2103:White
2083:Green
1982:Alien
1825:Caste
1610:Crime
1183:(pdf)
1143:(PDF)
1118:(PDF)
954:S2CID
851:Notes
639:Abrek
433:Norse
374:civil
356:Civil
270:civil
242:crime
187:as a
150:exile
2838:Iran
2551:Serf
2356:Lord
2294:Nair
2187:List
2098:Pink
2088:Grey
2078:Blue
2067:By "
1625:list
1300:link
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1191:2015
1150:2013
1125:2013
1100:2013
1073:ISBN
987:link
881:2012
841:, a
834:Warg
819:Thug
525:HMS
498:and
474:and
458:and
435:and
2093:New
946:doi
523:on
272:or
260:of
229:In
119:of
72:law
66:An
3707::
3039:/
1296:}}
1292:{{
1250:.
1248:28
1091:.
983:}}
979:{{
952:.
942:70
940:.
889:^
858:^
581:.
554:.
519:.
439:.
346:MP
203:.
179:,
152:,
100:.
2999:e
2992:t
2985:v
2321:/
2071:"
1716:e
1709:t
1702:v
1330:e
1323:t
1316:v
1302:)
1279:.
1260:.
1193:.
1152:.
1127:.
1102:.
989:)
960:.
948::
883:.
62:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
