44:
32:
20:
251:
ions) by intramolecular displacement of the chloride by the amine nitrogen. This aziridinium group then alkylates DNA once it is attacked by the N-7 nucleophilic center on the guanine base. A second attack after the displacement of the second chlorine forms the second alkylation step that results in
252:
the formation of interstrand cross-links (ICLs) as it was shown in the early 1960s. At that time, it was proposed that the ICLs were formed between N-7 atom of guanine residue in a 5’-d(GC) sequence. Later it was clearly demonstrated that nitrogen mustards form a 1,3 ICL in the 5’-d(GNC) sequence.
134:
that affected several hundred soldiers and civilians. Medical examination of the survivors showed a decreased number of lymphocytes. After World War II was over, the Bari incident and the Yale group's studies eventually converged prompting a search for other similar compounds. Due to its use in
866:
Rink SM, Solomon MS, Taylor MJ, Rajur SB, McLaughlin LW, Hopkins PB (1993). "Covalent structure of a nitrogen mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link: An N7-to-N7 linkage of deoxyguanosine residues at the duplex sequence 5'-d(GNC)".
255:
The strong cytotoxic effect caused by the formation of ICLs is what makes NMs an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Other compounds used in cancer chemotherapy that have the ability to form ICLs are
5274:
1072:
1055:
1381:
5267:
2055:
1341:
2136:
1308:
5260:
5130:
1376:
1356:
1336:
1893:
1313:
1051:
1080:
3557:
1351:
1273:
1097:
1128:
275:, a protein which scans the genome for defects. Note that the alkylating damage itself is not cytotoxic and does not directly cause cell death.
1318:
225:
839:
Millard JT, Raucher S, Hopkins PB (1990). "Mechlorethamine Cross Links
Deoxyguanosine Residues at 5'-GNC Sequences in Duplex DNA Fragments".
155:(HN2), is no longer commonly in use in its original IV formulation because of excessive toxicity. Other nitrogen mustards developed include
5190:
4257:
1397:
205:
1059:
400:
366:
4086:
4066:
4051:
1303:
1190:
545:
396:
1004:"Using synthetic DNA interstrand crosslinks to elucidate repair pathways and identify new therapeutic targets for cancer chemotherapy"
1440:
1361:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1407:
1145:
4473:
5218:
3550:
1157:
1086:
955:"Specificity and kinetics of interstrand and intrastrand bifunctional alkylation by nitrogen mustards at a G-G-C sequence"
231:
Some nitrogen mustards of opiates were also prepared, although these are not known to be antineoplastic. Examples include
4840:
2652:
288:
5476:
3992:
3948:
3826:
2268:
380:
182:
Nitrogen mustards that can be used for chemical warfare purposes are tightly regulated. Their weapon designations are:
3535:
3751:
2283:
2273:
1074:
486:
208:(mustine without a methyl group on the nitrogen atom; bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine) can be used in the synthesis of
5235:
3543:
2111:
1554:
478:
372:
82:
agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen mustards are nonspecific DNA
4267:
3519:
1742:
1183:
1092:
122:, and in December 1942, they started classified human clinical trials of nitrogen mustards for the treatment of
4886:
3888:
3778:
3000:
2809:
2563:
4808:
4791:
4666:
4430:
3808:
2995:
2243:
1433:
193:
36:
1418:
4540:
4136:
2595:
2141:
1104:
187:
24:
714:
4742:
2377:
2321:
2315:
2237:
2212:
2106:
1669:
364:
292:
5252:
4132:
4102:
2985:
5486:
5481:
5416:
3922:
3506:
3216:
2684:
2263:
2010:
1176:
1161:
4027:
5098:
4988:
4978:
3474:
2882:
2679:
5145:
4681:
3931:
3191:
3176:
2784:
2694:
2528:
2341:
2166:
1426:
199:
48:
5471:
5223:
4963:
4678:
4164:
4012:
3939:
2739:
2734:
2309:
1346:
1149:
549:
111:
896:"A structural basis for a phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link at 5'-d(GAC)"
672:
404:
5043:
5033:
4766:
4608:
2764:
2518:
2346:
1697:
1687:
1534:
1225:
1220:
1215:
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3136:
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2464:
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470:
5335:
4713:
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4111:
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3211:
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1611:
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99:
8:
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3156:
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2779:
2704:
2387:
2336:
2207:
2197:
1967:
1778:
1605:
1579:
1569:
1539:
911:
748:
365:
Daniel C. Keyes; Jonathan L. Burstein; Richard B. Schwartz; Raymond E. Swienton (2004).
4056:
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3337:
3296:
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2674:
2641:
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482:
455:
443:
376:
232:
83:
426:
Chabner, Bruce A.; Roberts, Thomas G. (2005). "Chemotherapy and the war on cancer".
271:. These kinds of lesions are effective at forcing the cell to undergo apoptosis via
5170:
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4657:
4291:
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3479:
3306:
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3221:
3146:
3085:
2819:
2759:
2508:
1949:
1720:
1645:
1559:
330:
1019:
792:"The reaction of mono- and di-functional alkylating agents with nucleic acids"
5465:
5380:
5073:
4448:
4321:
4202:
4145:
3903:
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920:
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600:
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284:
95:
1098:"Introduction to Industry Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention"
970:
639:
342:
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608:
573:
530:
447:
217:
176:
172:
160:
136:
988:
939:
757:
657:
395:
102:; the name comes from the pungent smell of chemical weapons preparations.
5450:
5388:
5344:
5282:
5195:
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5103:
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1835:
1807:
1789:
1761:
1653:
1474:
356:
304:
260:
248:
213:
131:
880:
852:
624:"DNA sequence selectivity of guanine–N7 alkylation by nitrogen mustards"
5424:
5406:
5398:
5300:
5185:
5093:
5088:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
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5018:
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4771:
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2452:
2419:
2411:
2352:
2146:
1918:
1824:
1813:
1635:
1629:
1328:
509:
Gilman A (May 1963). "The initial clinical trial of nitrogen mustard".
264:
221:
209:
164:
135:
previous studies, the nitrogen mustard known as "HN2" became the first
1144:
807:
5331:
5200:
5180:
5135:
5125:
5119:
5038:
4983:
4932:
4856:
4846:
4801:
4788:
4729:
4691:
4619:
4557:
4498:
4487:
4443:
4400:
4359:
4353:
4349:
4311:
4238:
4233:
4223:
4195:
4155:
4116:
4091:
4081:
4041:
3687:
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3667:
3629:
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3442:
3417:
3407:
3332:
3060:
3050:
3045:
2965:
2945:
2919:
2904:
2842:
2789:
2548:
2486:
2469:
2447:
2424:
2161:
2002:
1795:
1659:
1598:
1524:
1298:
1156:
587:
Hirsch J (September 2006). "An anniversary for cancer chemotherapy".
256:
168:
63:
1168:
439:
5354:
5109:
5083:
5028:
4796:
4734:
4514:
4410:
4382:
4061:
3898:
3501:
3402:
3311:
3276:
3181:
3095:
3005:
2955:
2838:
2827:
2804:
2794:
2774:
2669:
2636:
2630:
2620:
2020:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1623:
1482:
1207:
268:
123:
43:
4017:
3918:
3732:
3593:
3250:
3245:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2625:
2253:
2171:
2156:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2015:
1923:
1913:
1873:
1868:
1845:
1840:
1574:
368:
Medical
Response to Terrorism: Preparedness and Clinical Practice
152:
140:
179:
has recently re-emerged as a viable chemotherapeutic treatment.
3657:
3468:
3131:
3126:
2914:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2040:
1702:
1504:
1230:
31:
5366:
3412:
3327:
3286:
2573:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1801:
1784:
1737:
1366:
2056:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
5376:
2583:
2578:
2137:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
471:"Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Mustard Compounds"
469:
Ghorani-Azam, Adel; Balali-Mood, Mahdi (December 1, 2015).
110:
During World War II, nitrogen mustards were studied at the
894:
Dong Q, Barsky D, Colvin ME, et al. (December 1995).
19:
2970:
2523:
1056:"Chemical Weapons Convention: Schedule 1 Toxic chemicals"
272:
66:
organic compounds with the bis(2-chloroethyl)amino ((ClC
468:
295:. Production and use is therefore strongly restricted.
865:
78:
NR) functional group. Although originally produced as
838:
1052:
126:. In early December of 1943, an incident during the
1081:
Bureau of Arms
Control, Verification and Compliance
622:Mattes, W. B.; Hartley, J. A.; Kohn, K. W. (1986).
475:Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds
621:
5463:
1001:
893:
709:
425:
283:Nitrogen mustards are powerful and persistent
5268:
3551:
1434:
1184:
789:
730:
359:was stockpiled by several nations during the
247:Nitrogen mustards form cyclic ammonium ions (
1127:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
670:
335:The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
287:. HN1, HN2, HN3 are therefore classified as
952:
546:Journal of the American Medical Association
5275:
5261:
3558:
3544:
1441:
1427:
1191:
1177:
397:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1027:
978:
929:
919:
815:
766:
756:
647:
94:Nitrogen mustards are not related to the
869:Journal of the American Chemical Society
841:Journal of the American Chemical Society
586:
550:"An Anniversary for Cancer Chemotherapy"
42:
30:
18:
790:Brookes P, Lawley PD (September 1961).
5464:
2322:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2316:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1150:"Topical Nitrogen Mustard (Mustargen)"
1146:Stanford University School of Medicine
1002:Guainazzi, A.; Schärer, O. D. (2010).
673:"Bendamustine: rebirth of an old drug"
508:
242:
5318:calcium folinate/calcium levofolinate
5256:
3539:
2564:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1422:
1198:
1172:
1158:University of California, Los Angeles
1087:United States Department of Commerce
1008:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
5321:sodium folinate/sodium levofolinate
3827:ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
2653:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
671:Cheson BD, Rummel MJ (March 2009).
105:
13:
3993:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
3949:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
2269:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
1138:
953:Bauer GB, Povirk LF (March 1997).
560:(12). jamanetwork.com: 1518–1520.
363:, but it was never used in combat.
14:
5498:
3752:Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
2284:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2274:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1075:United States Department of State
373:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2112:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1555:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
1162:"Brassica alba or Sinapis nigra"
3520:List of chemical warfare agents
1743:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
1093:Bureau of Industry and Security
1066:
1044:
995:
946:
887:
859:
832:
783:
724:
703:
664:
479:Springer Science+Business Media
401:"Facts About Nitrogen Mustards"
228:was also made from normustard.
3889:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
3779:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
615:
580:
537:
502:
462:
419:
389:
349:
323:
1:
3809:Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
3650:Block microtubule disassembly
1382:Propylbenzilylcholine mustard
385:– via books.google.com.
317:
194:bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine
37:bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine
2596:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2142:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
900:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
737:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
523:10.1016/0002-9610(63)90232-0
188:bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine
25:bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine
16:Family of chemical compounds
7:
2378:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2238:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2107:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
731:Geiduschek EP (July 1961).
298:
293:Chemical Weapons Convention
146:
10:
5503:
5417:Keratinocyte growth factor
3217:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
2685:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
2011:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
1342:Acetylethylcholine mustard
1058:. opcw.org. Archived from
151:The nitrogen mustard drug
5477:IARC Group 2A carcinogens
5433:
5415:
5397:
5375:
5353:
5330:
5299:
5213:
5099:Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
4989:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel
4979:Brexucabtagene autoleucel
4925:
4876:
4656:
4649:
4585:
4539:
4472:
4429:
4266:
4251:
4131:
4101:
4026:
4011:
3982:
3878:
3798:
3741:
3724:
3713:
3649:
3602:
3583:
3515:
3475:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3456:
3320:
3269:
3230:
3094:
2871:
2818:
2680:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
2609:
2410:
2185:
2099:
2091:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
2001:
1948:
1932:
1859:
1769:
1760:
1730:
1711:
1678:
1644:
1597:
1588:
1473:
1390:
1327:
1264:
1206:
1103:. cwc.gov. Archived from
1020:10.1007/s00018-010-0492-6
498:– via Google Books.
403:. cdc.gov. Archived from
278:
5146:Talimogene laherparepvec
4013:Topoisomerase inhibitors
3932:DNA polymerase inhibitor
3192:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3177:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
2785:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
2695:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2342:Phosphorus pentachloride
2167:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1309:Phenylenediamine mustard
921:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12170
689:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.7252
601:10.1001/jama.296.12.1518
566:10.1001/jama.296.12.1518
200:tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
130:, led to the release of
98:or its pungent essence,
49:tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
4964:Axicabtagene ciloleucel
3568:chemotherapeutic agents
3471:(variants and mixtures)
2740:Trichloronitrosomethane
2735:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2310:Methyldichlorophosphine
1347:Benzilylcholine mustard
343:10.1351/goldbook.M04071
128:air raid on Bari, Italy
112:Yale School of Medicine
89:
5131:Sitimagene ceradenovec
5044:Idecabtagene vicleucel
4609:Methyl aminolevulinate
3270:Cornea-clouding agents
2765:Phosphorus trichloride
2347:Phosphorus trichloride
2081:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
1535:Phosphorus trifluoride
715:"SCHEDULE 1 CHEMICALS"
628:Nucleic Acids Research
52:
40:
28:
4620:Porphyrin derivatives
4316:Melphalan flufenamide
3963:Hypomethylating agent
3572:antineoplastic agents
2664:Disulfur decafluoride
2465:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2373:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1377:Hemicholinium mustard
1357:Decamethonium mustard
1337:Acetylcholine mustard
1266:Antineoplastic agents
971:10.1093/nar/25.6.1211
758:10.1073/pnas.47.7.950
640:10.1093/nar/14.7.2971
428:Nature Reviews Cancer
289:Schedule 1 substances
46:
34:
22:
4949:Asparagine depleters
4878:Receptor antagonists
4792:+abiraterone acetate
3464:Methyl fluoroacetate
3292:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3212:Allyl isothiocyanate
2800:Uranium hexafluoride
2755:Dinitrogen tetroxide
2700:Chlorine trifluoride
1748:Selenium oxychloride
1618:Phenyldichloroarsine
1612:Methyldichloroarsine
1550:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1372:Ethylcholine mustard
711:University of Durham
407:on September 3, 2013
100:allyl isothiocyanate
4999:Denileukin diftitox
4899:Retinoid X receptor
4599:Aminolevulinic acid
4421:Triethylenemelamine
4253:Crosslinking of DNA
3984:Deoxyribonucleotide
3923:+gimeracil/oteracil
3157:Bromobenzyl cyanide
2925:Dimethylheptylpyran
2853:Diphenylcyanoarsine
2848:Diphenylchlorarsine
2780:Methyl vinyl ketone
2705:Perchloryl fluoride
2569:Bicyclic phosphates
2388:Trimethyl phosphite
2337:Phosphoryl chloride
1606:Ethyldichloroarsine
1580:Chloral cyanohydrin
1570:Acetone cyanohydrin
1540:Methyl cyanoformate
912:1995PNAS...9212170D
881:10.1021/ja00060a001
853:10.1021/ja00162a079
749:1961PNAS...47..950G
243:Mechanism of action
5240:Never to phase III
4057:Etirinotecan pegol
3525:CB military symbol
3383:Enterotoxin type B
3338:Cyclopiazonic acid
3297:N-Methylmorpholine
3197:Ethyl bromoacetate
2675:Ethyl bromoacetate
2642:Perfluoroisobutene
2383:Triethyl phosphite
1654:Levinstein mustard
1545:Iron pentacarbonyl
1314:Quinacrine mustard
733:""Reversible" DNA"
544:Jules Hirsch, MD;
237:chloroxymorphamine
53:
41:
29:
5487:Cancer treatments
5482:Nitrogen mustards
5459:
5458:
5399:Alkylating agents
5359:nitrogen mustards
5250:
5249:
5209:
5208:
5166:Tigilanol tiglate
4658:Enzyme inhibitors
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4277:Nitrogen mustards
4247:
4246:
4007:
4006:
3709:
3708:
3533:
3532:
3343:Histrionicotoxins
3321:Biological toxins
3202:Ethyl iodoacetate
2770:Methyl isocyanate
2730:Selenoyl fluoride
2720:Mercuric chloride
2690:Tetranitromethane
2544:Sulfuryl fluoride
2529:HN3 hydrochloride
2524:HN2 hydrochloride
2519:HN1 hydrochloride
2406:
2405:
2363:Phenacyl chloride
2358:Pinacolyl alcohol
2304:Isopropyl alcohol
2299:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2233:1,8-Dibromooctane
1756:
1755:
1680:Nitrogen mustards
1493:Cyanogen chloride
1416:
1415:
1200:Nitrogen mustards
1014:(21): 3683–3697.
959:Nucleic Acids Res
808:10.1042/bj0800496
399:(April 4, 2013).
233:chlornaltrexamine
84:alkylating agents
56:Nitrogen mustards
5494:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5254:
5253:
5171:Tisagenlecleucel
4943:Arsenic trioxide
4654:
4653:
4587:Photosensitizers
4378:Alkyl sulfonates
4292:Cyclophosphamide
4264:
4263:
4203:Anthracenediones
4024:
4023:
3998:Hydroxycarbamide
3739:
3738:
3722:
3721:
3600:
3599:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3507:White phosphorus
3484:post-combustion
3480:Depleted uranium
3307:Osmium tetroxide
3187:Phenacyl bromide
2750:Nitrogen dioxide
2725:Selenium dioxide
2715:Cadmium chloride
2172:Dimefox (TL-792)
1767:
1766:
1595:
1594:
1520:Hydrogen sulfide
1499:Hydrogen cyanide
1488:Cyanogen bromide
1454:chemical warfare
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1403:Phenoxybenzamine
1289:Cyclophosphamide
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1153:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1031:
999:
993:
992:
982:
950:
944:
943:
933:
923:
891:
885:
884:
863:
857:
856:
836:
830:
829:
819:
787:
781:
780:
770:
760:
728:
722:
721:
719:
707:
701:
700:
668:
662:
661:
651:
634:(7): 2971–2987.
619:
613:
612:
584:
578:
577:
541:
535:
534:
506:
500:
499:
497:
495:
466:
460:
459:
423:
417:
416:
414:
412:
393:
387:
386:
361:Second World War
353:
347:
346:
327:
157:cyclophosphamide
106:Chemical warfare
80:chemical warfare
5502:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5441:Arginine/lysine
5429:
5411:
5393:
5371:
5349:
5326:
5295:
5281:
5251:
5246:
5245:
5230:Clinical trials
5205:
4926:Other/ungrouped
4921:
4872:
4645:
4625:Porfimer sodium
4573:
4535:
4468:
4425:
4255:
4243:
4127:
4097:
4015:
4003:
3978:
3874:
3794:
3730:
3728:antimetabolites
3726:
3725:DNA precursors/
3717:
3715:DNA replication
3705:
3645:
3615:Vinca alkaloids
3591:
3579:
3564:
3534:
3529:
3511:
3452:
3363:Botulinum toxin
3316:
3265:
3226:
3142:Benzyl chloride
3097:
3090:
2874:
2867:
2858:Cacodyl cyanide
2820:Vomiting agents
2814:
2612:
2605:
2514:Dimethylmercury
2436:Botulinum toxin
2402:
2181:
2095:
1997:
1950:Novichok agents
1944:
1928:
1855:
1752:
1726:
1707:
1674:
1646:Sulfur mustards
1640:
1584:
1530:Carbon monoxide
1510:Cacodyl cyanide
1469:
1468:
1452:Agents used in
1447:
1417:
1412:
1386:
1352:Choline mustard
1323:
1274:Aniline mustard
1260:
1202:
1197:
1152:. stanford.edu.
1141:
1139:Further reading
1136:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1071:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1000:
996:
951:
947:
906:(26): 12170–4.
892:
888:
864:
860:
837:
833:
788:
784:
729:
725:
717:
708:
704:
683:(9): 1492–501.
669:
665:
620:
616:
595:(12): 1518–20.
585:
581:
542:
538:
507:
503:
493:
491:
489:
467:
463:
440:10.1038/nrc1529
424:
420:
410:
408:
394:
390:
383:
354:
350:
329:
328:
324:
320:
310:Sulphur mustard
301:
281:
245:
149:
108:
92:
77:
73:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5500:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5472:Blister agents
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5381:anthracyclines
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5297:
5296:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5257:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4837:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4805:
4799:
4794:
4786:
4779:PARP inhibitor
4775:
4763:
4751:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4710:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4675:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4522:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4431:Platinum-based
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4347:
4342:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4289:
4284:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4210:
4199:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4158:
4153:
4146:Anthracyclines
4141:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4119:
4107:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3958:
3957:
3944:
3943:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3864:Mercaptopurine
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3834:
3818:
3817:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3775:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3691:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3610:
3608:
3597:
3581:
3580:
3566:Intracellular
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3486:uranium oxides
3477:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3222:Crotonaldehyde
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Benzyl bromide
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3086:Chlorpromazine
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2873:Incapacitating
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Sulfur dioxide
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2613:choking agents
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Tetraethyllead
2506:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:A.P.C. complex
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:V-sub x (GD-7)
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1721:Phosgene oxime
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1590:Blister agents
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Glycolonitrile
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:incapacitation
1456:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1065:
1062:on 2013-06-07.
1043:
994:
945:
886:
858:
847:(6): 2459–60.
831:
802:(3): 496–503.
782:
723:
702:
677:J. Clin. Oncol
663:
614:
579:
536:
501:
487:
481:. p. 64.
461:
418:
388:
382:978-0781749862
381:
375:. p. 16.
348:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
312:
307:
300:
297:
285:blister agents
280:
277:
244:
241:
212:drugs such as
203:
202:
196:
190:
148:
145:
107:
104:
91:
88:
75:
71:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5499:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:Lurbinectedin
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4541:Intercalation
4538:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Dicycloplatin
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Prednimustine
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4137:Intercalation
4134:
4130:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4010:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:+daunorubicin
3938:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Doxifluridine
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:Rabacfosadine
3851:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:its compounds
3494:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Tetanospasmin
3431:
3429:
3428:T-2 mycotoxin
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Batrachotoxin
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Allyl alcohol
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Chloroacetone
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Benzyl iodide
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Xylyl bromide
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Butyrophenone
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2863:o-Dianisidine
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Cadmium oxide
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Batrachotoxin
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2442:Tetanospasmin
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1713:Nettle agents
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Cacodyl oxide
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1130:
1124:
1110:on 2013-10-20
1106:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
990:
986:
981:
976:
972:
968:
965:(6): 1211–8.
964:
960:
956:
949:
941:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
882:
878:
875:(7): 2551–7.
874:
870:
862:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
827:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
778:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
716:
712:
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
659:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
618:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
583:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
540:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
490:
488:9783319238746
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
411:September 12,
406:
402:
398:
392:
384:
378:
374:
370:
369:
362:
358:
352:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
322:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
296:
294:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
250:
240:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
197:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
183:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
144:
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Louis Goodman
117:
116:Alfred Gilman
113:
103:
101:
97:
96:mustard plant
87:
85:
81:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
26:
21:
5446:Glucarpidase
5358:
5314:Folinic acid
5305:methotrexate
5288:chemotherapy
5151:Tazemetostat
5115:Alitretinoin
5108:
5034:Estramustine
5014:Elsamitrucin
5004:Eflornithine
4958:Pegaspargase
4954:Asparaginase
4947:
4916:Testolactone
4909:
4897:
4885:
4839:
4824:Panobinostat
4807:
4777:
4765:
4753:
4741:
4712:
4677:
4665:
4618:
4614:Padeliporfin
4553:Dactinomycin
4549:Streptomyces
4530:Temozolomide
4525:Mitozolomide
4513:
4504:Mitobronitol
4493:Procarbazine
4486:
4474:Nonclassical
4399:
4376:
4370:Streptozocin
4335:Nitrosoureas
4333:
4307:Chlorambucil
4301:Trofosfamide
4287:Chlormethine
4282:Bendamustine
4276:
4275:
4213:Mitoxantrone
4208:Losoxantrone
4201:
4161:Daunorubicin
4144:
4110:
4047:Camptothecin
4035:
3991:
3961:
3947:
3930:
3914:Fluorouracil
3894:Capecitabine
3887:
3857:
3821:
3807:
3777:
3772:Pralatrexate
3762:Methotrexate
3750:
3693:
3656:
3613:
3438:Tetrodotoxin
3388:Grayanotoxin
3172:Bromoacetone
3162:Thiophosgene
3117:Mace (spray)
3111:Pepper spray
3096:Lachrymatory
3081:Fluphenazine
3076:Procarbazine
2986:Sleeping gas
2834:Chloropicrin
2745:Nitric oxide
2647:Chloropicrin
2591:Cloflubicyne
2554:Oxotremorine
2503:Antillatoxin
2482:Tetrodotoxin
2431:Bungarotoxin
2327:Nitromethane
2289:Formaldoxime
2228:Cyclohexanol
2193:Acetonitrile
1940:GV (EA-5365)
1762:Nerve agents
1679:
1565:Lactonitrile
1475:Blood agents
1464:riot control
1319:Spiromustine
1294:Mannomustine
1284:Chlorambucil
1279:Bendamustine
1199:
1112:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1096:(May 2004).
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1060:the original
1046:
1011:
1007:
997:
962:
958:
948:
903:
899:
889:
872:
868:
861:
844:
840:
834:
799:
795:
785:
743:(7): 950–5.
740:
736:
726:
720:. dur.ac.uk.
705:
680:
676:
666:
631:
627:
617:
592:
588:
582:
557:
553:
539:
517:(5): 574–8.
514:
510:
504:
492:. Retrieved
474:
464:
434:(1): 65–72.
431:
427:
421:
409:. Retrieved
405:the original
391:
367:
351:
334:
325:
282:
254:
246:
230:
226:Canfosfamide
218:aripiprazole
204:
181:
177:Bendamustine
173:bendamustine
161:chlorambucil
150:
137:chemotherapy
109:
93:
59:
55:
54:
5451:Trilaciclib
5389:Dexrazoxane
5345:Rasburicase
5290:treatment (
5286:agents for
5284:Detoxifying
5226:from market
5196:Vorasidenib
5176:Trabectedin
5161:Tiazofurine
5156:Tebentafusp
5141:Tagraxofusp
5104:Plitidepsin
5079:Mitoguazone
5024:Epacadostat
4994:Demecolcine
4938:Aflibercept
4911:Sex steroid
4784:Fuzuloparib
4725:Carfilzomib
4697:Palbociclib
4687:Abemaciclib
4640:Verteporfin
4604:Efaproxiral
4520:Dacarbazine
4482:Altretamine
4464:Satraplatin
4459:Oxaliplatin
4439:Carboplatin
4416:Triaziquone
4387:Mannosulfan
4365:Ranimustine
4345:Fotemustine
4186:Pirarubicin
4171:Doxorubicin
4165:+cytarabine
4151:Aclarubicin
4112:Podophyllum
4037:Camptotheca
3968:Azacitidine
3954:Gemcitabine
3909:Floxuridine
3842:Fludarabine
3837:Clofarabine
3823:Halogenated
3814:Pentostatin
3789:Raltitrexed
3757:Aminopterin
3700:Ixabepilone
3695:Epothilones
3663:Cabazitaxel
3640:Vinorelbine
3625:Vincristine
3620:Vinblastine
3605:microtubule
3448:Veratridine
3423:Shiga toxin
3378:Domoic acid
3241:Thioacetone
3207:Iodoacetone
3071:Pentazocine
3066:Sevoflurane
3031:CAR-302,668
3026:CAR-302,282
3021:CAR-302,196
3016:CAR-301,060
3011:CAR-226,086
2991:Carfentanil
2889:Apomorphine
2810:Green Cross
2601:Domoic acid
2412:Neurotoxins
2332:OPA mixture
2223:Chlorosoman
2218:Chlorosarin
2152:Phospholine
1851:Crotylsarin
1836:Fluorotabun
1808:Chlorosoman
1790:Chlorosarin
1329:Neurotoxins
1164:. ucla.edu.
511:Am. J. Surg
357:mustard gas
305:Mustard gas
291:within the
261:mitomycin C
249:aziridinium
214:mazapertine
132:mustard gas
5466:Categories
5425:Palifermin
5407:Amifostine
5301:Folic acid
5191:Verdinexor
5186:Venetoclax
5094:Oblimersen
5089:Navitoclax
5069:Lucanthone
5064:Lonidamine
5059:Lifileucel
5054:Ivosidenib
5049:Imetelstat
5019:Enasidenib
5009:Elesclomol
4974:Bexarotene
4969:Belzutifan
4904:Bexarotene
4892:Atrasentan
4867:Umbralisib
4862:Idelalisib
4852:Copanlisib
4834:Vorinostat
4829:Romidepsin
4819:Entinostat
4814:Belinostat
4772:Masoprocol
4760:Tiazofurin
4748:Anagrelide
4720:Bortezomib
4707:Seliciclib
4702:Ribociclib
4682:inhibitors
4672:Tipifarnib
4635:Temoporfin
4630:Talaporfin
4568:Plicamycin
4563:Mitomycins
4509:Pipobroman
4488:Hydrazines
4454:Nedaplatin
4406:Carboquone
4401:Aziridines
4392:Treosulfan
4340:Carmustine
4327:Uramustine
4296:Ifosfamide
4268:Alkylating
4229:Bisantrene
4218:Pixantrone
4191:Valrubicin
4181:Idarubicin
4176:Epirubicin
4122:Teniposide
4077:Lurtotecan
4072:Irinotecan
3973:Decitabine
3937:Cytarabine
3880:Pyrimidine
3869:Tioguanine
3859:Thiopurine
3848:Nelarabine
3832:Cladribine
3784:Pemetrexed
3767:Pemetrexed
3743:Folic acid
3683:Paclitaxel
3635:Vinflunine
3398:Maitotoxin
3393:Guanitoxin
3373:Ciguatoxin
3368:Brevetoxin
3353:Anatoxin-a
3348:Aflatoxins
3261:Putrescine
3256:Cadaverine
3232:Malodorant
3056:Isoflurane
3041:Desflurane
3036:Benperidol
2981:Psilocybin
2976:PAVA spray
2658:Diphosgene
2611:Pulmonary/
2539:Picrotoxin
2498:Strychnine
2492:Brevetoxin
2476:Maitotoxin
2459:Guanitoxin
2453:Ciguatoxin
2420:Anatoxin-a
2353:Pinacolone
2186:Precursors
2147:Selenophos
2003:Carbamates
1919:Chinese VX
1825:Cyclosarin
1814:Ethylsarin
1785:Sarin (GB)
1636:Lewisite 3
1630:Lewisite 2
1599:Arsenicals
1398:Dibenamine
1114:2013-09-12
796:Biochem. J
331:"Mustards"
318:References
265:carmustine
222:fluanisone
210:piperazine
206:Normustard
165:uramustine
39:, mustine)
5332:Uric acid
5312:Salts of
5236:Phase III
5224:Withdrawn
5201:Vosaroxin
5181:Veliparib
5136:Sotorasib
5126:Selinexor
5120:Tretinoin
5110:Retinoids
5039:Glasdegib
4984:Celecoxib
4933:Adagrasib
4857:Duvelisib
4847:Alpelisib
4802:Rucaparib
4789:Niraparib
4730:Oprozomib
4692:Alvocidib
4558:Bleomycin
4515:Triazenes
4499:Etoglucid
4444:Cisplatin
4360:Nimustine
4354:Semustine
4350:Lomustine
4312:Melphalan
4239:Menogaril
4234:Crisnatol
4224:Amsacrine
4196:Zorubicin
4156:Amrubicin
4117:Etoposide
4092:Topotecan
4087:Silatecan
4082:Rubitecan
4067:Gimatecan
4052:Cositecan
4042:Belotecan
3718:inhibitor
3688:Tesetaxel
3678:Ortataxel
3673:Larotaxel
3668:Docetaxel
3630:Vindesine
3493:Plutonium
3443:Volkensin
3418:Saxitoxin
3408:Palytoxin
3333:Aconitine
3061:Halothane
3051:Bufotenin
3046:Enflurane
2966:Kolokol-1
2946:Pethidine
2920:Etoxadrol
2905:Etorphine
2901:(CS-4640)
2885:(CS-4030)
2843:glycerine
2790:Salcomine
2549:Tremorine
2487:Aconitine
2470:Palytoxin
2448:Ryanodine
2425:Saxitoxin
2162:Ro 3-0422
1933:GV agents
1796:Thiosarin
1525:Phosphine
1304:Mustamine
1299:Melphalan
1208:Vesicants
494:March 12,
456:205467419
355:Nitrogen
257:cisplatin
169:melphalan
64:cytotoxic
5355:Acrolein
5084:Mitotane
5029:Eribulin
4797:Olaparib
4735:Ixazomib
4411:Thiotepa
4383:Busulfan
4062:Exatecan
3899:Carmofur
3607:assembly
3570: /
3502:Polonium
3403:Modeccin
3312:Acrolein
3277:Lewisite
3182:Acrolein
3006:CS-27349
2956:Ibogaine
2839:Litharge
2828:Adamsite
2805:Diborane
2795:Fluomine
2775:Ethenone
2670:Acrolein
2637:Fluorine
2631:Phosgene
2621:Chlorine
2021:EA-3887A
1993:C01-A042
1988:C01-A039
1983:C01-A035
1861:V-agents
1771:G-agents
1656:(EA-229)
1624:Lewisite
1483:Cyanogen
1160:(2002).
1148:(2013).
1123:cite web
1038:20730555
826:16748923
777:13704192
697:19224851
609:17003400
574:17003400
548:(2006).
531:13947966
448:15630416
337:. 2014.
299:See also
269:psoralen
147:Examples
124:lymphoma
4018:S phase
3919:Tegafur
3733:S phase
3658:Taxanes
3594:M phase
3251:Skatole
3246:Allicin
2961:EA-3834
2951:EA-3580
2941:EA-3443
2936:EA-3167
2931:EA-2148
2915:CS-4297
2910:EA-2092
2899:EA-4941
2626:Bromine
2264:EA-1224
2244:EA-1250
2157:R-16661
2132:EA-2613
2127:EA-2098
2122:EA-2054
2117:EA-2012
2086:3152 CT
2076:TL-1317
2071:TL-1299
2066:TL-1238
2036:EA-4056
2031:EA-3990
2026:EA-3966
2016:EA-3887
1914:EA-1763
1874:EA-3148
1869:EA-2192
1846:EA-4352
1841:EA-1356
1575:Stibine
1029:3732395
989:9092631
940:8618865
908:Bibcode
817:1243259
745:Bibcode
658:3960738
153:mustine
141:mustine
5219:WHO-EM
4843:(Pi3K)
3800:Purine
3603:Block
3469:Napalm
3234:agents
3098:agents
3001:JB-336
2996:JB-318
2971:LSD-25
2927:(DMHP)
2875:agents
2534:A-8564
2494:(PbTX)
2444:(TeNT)
2061:TL-599
2051:T-1194
2046:T-1152
2041:T-1123
1810:(ClGD)
1792:(ClGB)
1703:TL-301
1505:Arsine
1256:TL-995
1251:TL-695
1246:TL-513
1241:TL-512
1236:TL-481
1231:TL-301
1036:
1026:
987:
980:146567
977:
938:
928:
824:
814:
775:
768:221307
765:
695:
656:
649:339715
646:
607:
572:
529:
485:
454:
446:
379:
279:Safety
267:, and
220:&
171:, and
62:) are
5434:Other
5367:Mesna
5292:V03AF
4755:IMPDI
4650:Other
3457:Other
3413:Ricin
3328:Abrin
3287:KB-16
2574:IPTBO
2505:(ATX)
2478:(MTX)
2472:(PTX)
2461:(GTX)
2455:(CTX)
2438:(BTX)
2294:Nital
2100:Other
1978:A-262
1973:A-242
1968:A-234
1963:A-232
1958:A-208
1802:Soman
1798:(SGB)
1779:Tabun
1738:KB-16
1731:Other
1408:SY-28
1391:Other
1367:DSP-4
1108:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
931:40318
718:(PDF)
452:S2CID
198:HN3:
192:HN2:
186:HN1:
139:drug
47:HN3 (
35:HN2 (
23:HN1 (
5377:Iron
4841:PIKI
4809:HDAC
4258:CCNS
3495:and
3113:(OC)
2830:(DM)
2660:(DP)
2649:(PS)
2633:(CG)
2584:TBPS
2579:TBPO
2427:(TZ)
2349:(TH)
2318:(DF)
2312:(SW)
2306:(TB)
2279:DMHP
2259:DEHP
2249:DIHP
2240:(KB)
2177:MSPI
1827:(GF)
1816:(GE)
1804:(GD)
1781:(GA)
1723:(CX)
1670:CEES
1638:(L3)
1632:(L2)
1620:(PD)
1614:(MD)
1608:(ED)
1501:(AC)
1495:(CK)
1362:DMEA
1129:link
1034:PMID
985:PMID
936:PMID
822:PMID
773:PMID
693:PMID
654:PMID
605:PMID
589:JAMA
570:PMID
554:JAMA
527:PMID
496:2019
483:ISBN
444:PMID
413:2013
377:ISBN
235:and
118:and
90:Name
5336:TLS
4887:ERA
4743:PhI
4714:PrI
4679:CDK
4591:PDT
3589:MIs
3585:SPs
3576:L01
3137:CNS
2666:(Z)
2208:AlP
2203:ATO
1698:HN3
1693:HN2
1688:HN1
1626:(L)
1226:HN3
1221:HN2
1216:HN1
1024:PMC
1016:doi
975:PMC
967:doi
926:PMC
916:doi
877:doi
873:115
849:doi
845:112
812:PMC
804:doi
763:PMC
753:doi
685:doi
644:PMC
636:doi
597:doi
593:296
562:doi
558:296
519:doi
515:105
436:doi
339:doi
273:p53
114:by
86:.
60:NMs
5468::
5379:/
5357:/
5303:/
5232::
4767:LI
4667:FI
4133:II
4103:II
3925:))
3282:CX
3132:CR
3127:CS
3122:CN
2883:BZ
2398:TG
2393:TC
2368:QL
2254:ZS
2198:AT
1909:VX
1904:VS
1899:VR
1894:VP
1889:VM
1884:VG
1879:VE
1831:GP
1820:GH
1125:}}
1121:{{
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1084:;
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
