Nichiren Buddhism - Knowledge

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between clerical and lay status. Lay centrality characterizes the nineteenth- and twentieth-century history of both Buddhism and Shinto and is closely related to the appearance of new religious groups outside the ecclesiastical hierarchy of either tradition. Lay centrality in Buddhism was stimulated after the Meiji Restoration by haibutsu kishaku (movement to destroy Buddhism), which became the occasion for serious reform within temple Buddhism. Early Meiji Buddhism witnessed the appearance of popularizers, ecumenical thought, and moves to initiate laity in the precepts, all aspects of the trend to lay centrality.

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refers to a class of people who have the time and means to seek Buddhist teachers to appropriate certain Buddhist techniques such as meditation. "Export or evangelical" Buddhism refers to groups that actively proselytize for new members in their local organizations. "Baggage" or "ethnic" Buddhism refers to diaspora Buddhists, usually of a single ethnic group, who have relocated more for social and economic advancement than for evangelical purposes. Another taxonomy divides Western Buddhist groups into three different categories: evangelical, church-like, and meditational.

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first mentioned and discovered by Taiseki-ji High Priest Nikkyo Shonin in 1488, claiming Nichiren transferred his teaching exclusively to Nikkō but their authenticity has been questioned. Taiseki-ji does not dispute that the original documents are missing but holds that certified copies are preserved in their repositories. In contrast, other Nichiren sects vehemently claim them as forgeries since they are not in the original handwriting of Nichiren or Nikkō, holding they were copied down by Nikkō's disciples after his death."

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in his estimation from 'ignorant people' to devotees meriting equally with himself the name of 'practitioners of the Lotus Sutra.'" During this time Nichiren inscribed 114 mandalas that are extant today, 49 of which have been identified as being inscribed for individual lay followers and which may have served to deepen the bond between teacher and disciple. In addition, a few very large mandalas were inscribed, apparently intended for use at gathering places, suggesting the existence of some type of

2242:(1600–1868). During these time periods, collectively comprising Japan's medieval history, Nichiren Buddhism experienced considerable fracturing, growth, turbulence and decline. A prevailing characteristic of the movement in medieval Japan was its lack of understanding of Nichiren's own spiritual realization. Serious commentaries about Nichiren's theology did not appear for almost two hundred years. This contributed to divisive doctrinal confrontations that were often superficial and dogmatic. 3291:

eventually failed. It also established missions in Sakhalin, Manchuria, and Taiwan. A Nichiren Shu mission was established in Hawaii in 1900. By 1920 it established temples at Pahala, Honolulu, Wailuku and Maui. In 1955, it officially started a mission in Brazil. In 1991, it established the Nichiren Buddhist International Center in 1991 and in 2002 built a center in Hayward, California, to help overseas missions. However, Nichiren Shu does not widely propagate in the West.

33: 12332: 2799:, an imposed nationwide parish system designed to ensure religious peace and root out Christianity. In this system Buddhist temples, in addition to their ceremonial duties, were forced to carry out state administrative functions. Thereby they became agents of the government and were prohibited to engage in any missionary activities. Hokkeshū temples were now obligated, just like those of other Buddhist schools, to focus on funeral and memorial services ( 2042:. Every thought, word, or deed contains within itself the whole of the three thousand realms; reading even one word of the sūtra therefore includes the teachings and merits of all buddhas. Chanting Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, according to Nichiren, is the concrete means by which the principle of the three thousand realms in a single thought-moment is activated and assures the attainment of enlightenment as well as receiving various kinds of worldly benefit. 12343: 9741: 9728: 9718: 2119:

Nichiren stated, most recanted their faith in order to escape the government's actions. In contrast, during the Atsuhara episode twenty lay peasant-farmer followers were arrested on questionable charges and tortured; three were ultimately executed. This time none recanted their faith. Some of his prominent followers in other parts of the country were also being persecuted but maintained their faith as well.

2477:) but define it differently. Over the centuries the Nichiren schools have come to understand it differently as well. The Minobu school has come to identify the Buddha as Shakyamuni whereas the Nikkō school identifies it as Nichiren. For Minobu the Dharma is Namu-myoho-renge-kyo, the Nikkō school identifies it as the Namu-myoho-renge-kyo that is hidden in the 16th "Lifespan" Chapter of the Lotus Sutra (the 2115:色読). In so doing, according to him, he validated the 13th ("Fortitude") chapter of the Lotus Sutra in which a host of bodhisattvas promise to face numerous trials that follow in the wake of upholding and spreading the sutra in the evil age following the death of the Buddha: slander and abuse; attack by swords and staves; enmity from kings, ministers, and respected monks; and repeated banishment. 2570:(English: Rotation Wheel System) to clean and maintain Nichiren's grave. By the third anniversary of Nichiren's passing (13 October 1284), these arrangements seemed to have broken down. Nikkō claimed that the other five senior priests no longer returned to Nichiren's tomb in Mount Minobu, citing signs of neglect at the gravesite. He took up residency and overall responsibility for 3768: 3316:

and Moorslede. It is active in interfaith organizations, including the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF) and Religions for Peace (WCRP). It has consultative states with the United Nations and since 1983 issues an annual Peace Prize to individuals or organizations worldwide that work for peace and development and promote interreligious cooperation.

1690:) in a way that would effect actual change in the world's societies so that the sanctuary, or seat, of Buddhism could be built. Nichiren saw this sanctuary as a specific seat of his Buddhism, but there is thought that he also meant it in a more general sense, that is, wherever his Buddhism would be practiced. This sanctuary, along with the invocation and 2827:) was marked by the transformation of late-feudal institutions into modern ones as well as the political transition from shogunal to imperial rule and the economic shift from national isolation to integration in the world economy. This entailed creating a centralized state, stitching together some 260 feudal domains ruled by hereditary leaders ( 1683:" who appeared in the Lotus Sutra with the vow to spread the correct teaching and thereby establish a peaceful and just society. For Nichiren, enlightenment is not limited to one's inner life, but is "something that called for actualization in endeavors toward the transformation of the land, toward the realization of an ideal society." 2130:, Nichiren held his community together in the face of significant oppression through a sophisticated display of legal and rhetorical responses. He also drew on a wide array of support from the network of leading monks and lay disciples he had raised, some of whom were also experiencing persecution at the hands of the government. 1841:

had reached Japan represented the essence of Shakyamuni's teaching? (3) How could he be assured of the certainty of his own enlightenment? (4) Why was the Imperial house defeated by the Kamakura regime in 1221 despite the prayers and rituals of Tendai and Shingon priests? He eventually concluded that the highest teachings of

2262:(Nichiren School). The splintering of Nichiren's teachings into different schools began several years after Nichiren's passing. Despite their differences, however, the Nichiren groups shared commonalities: asserting the primacy of the Lotus Sutra, tracing Nichiren as their founder, centering religious practice on chanting 1675:

interrelated. He considered conditions in the world to be a reflection of the conditions of the inner lives of people; the premise of his first major remonstrance, Rissho Ankoku Ron (Establishing The Correct Teaching for the Peace of The Land), is that if a nation abandons heretical forms of Buddhism and adopts

2893:(Eradication of Buddhism), Japanese Buddhism during the Tokugawa-to-Meiji transition proved to be a crisis of survival. The new government promoted policies that reduced the material resources available to Buddhist temples and downgraded their role in the religious, political, and social life of the nation. 5166: 1789:" in which the interplay of the Lotus Sutra text and his personal experiences verified and enriched each other in his mind. As a result, there are significant turning points as his teachings reach full maturity. Scholar Yoshirō Tamura categorizes the development of Nichiren's thinking into three periods: 2346:. Nitchō formed the Nakayama lineage but later returned to become a follower of Nikkō. Nichiji, originally another follower of Nikkō, eventually traveled to the Asian continent (ca. 1295) on a missionary journey and some scholarship suggests he reached northern China, Manchuria, and possibly Mongolia. 2657:

According to Stone, it is not absolutely clear that Nikkō intended to completely break from the other senior disciples and start his own school. However, his followers claimed that he was the only one of the six senior disciples who maintained the purity of Nichiren's legacy. Two documents appeared,

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Throughout the events he wrote many letters to his disciples in which he gave context to the unfolding events by asserting that severe trials have deep significance. According to Stone, "By standing firm under interrogation, the Atsuhara peasants had proved their faith in Nichiren's eyes, graduating

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with the declaration "I will be the pillar of Japan; I will be the eyes of Japan; I will be the vessel of Japan. Inviolable shall remain these vows!" His thinking now went beyond theories of karmic retribution or guarantees of the Lotus Sutra as a protective force. Rather, he expressed a resolve to

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The awareness of Śākyamuni Buddha's living presence. "Bodily reading the Lotus Sutra" is equivalent to entering the very presence of the Buddha in an immediate, experiential, and face-to-face way, he claimed. Here Nichiren is referring to the primordial buddha revealed in Chapter 16 ("Life Span of

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During the middle stage of his career, in refuting other religious schools publicly and vociferously, Nichiren provoked the ire of the country's rulers and of the priests of the sects he criticized. As a result, he was subjected to persecution which included two assassination attempts, an attempted

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temple and other major centers of Buddhist study in Japan. In later writings he claimed he was motivated by four primary questions: (1) What were the essentials of the competing Buddhist sects so they could be ranked according to their merits and flaws? (2) Which of the many Buddhist scriptures that

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focuses on using its teachings to promote a culture of religiosity through inter-religious dialogue. In 1967, it launched the "Faith to All Men Movement" to awaken a globalized religiosity. It has over 2 million members and 300 Dharma centers in 20 countries throughout the world including Frankfurt

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The trend toward lay centrality was prominent in Nichiren Buddhism as well, predating the Meiji period. Some Nichiren reformers in the Meiji period attempted to inject a nationalistic interpretation of Nichiren's teachings; others called for globalist perspectives. According to Japanese researcher

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school in 1532. Initially successful it became the most powerful religious group in Kyoto but its fortunes were reversed in 1536 when Mt. Hiei armed forces destroyed twenty-one Hokkeshū temples and killed some 58,000 of its followers. In 1542 permission was granted by the government to rebuild the

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Although there were rivalries and unique interpretations among the early Hokkeshũ lineages, none were as deep and distinct as the divide between the Nikkō or Fuji school and the rest of the tradition. Animosity and discord among the six senior disciples started after the second death anniversary of

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sutras. Drawing on Tendai thinking about the non duality of person and land, Nichiren argued that the truth and efficacy of the people's religious practice will be expressed in the outer conditions of their land and society. He thereby associated the natural disasters of his age with the nation's

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as evangelical but others claim that it broke out of the "Two Buddhisms" paradigm. It is quite multi-ethnic and it has taken hold among native populations in locations including Korea, Malaysia, Brazil, Europe, parts of Africa, India, and North America. The growth of the Soka Gakkai was sparked by

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Out of 162 historically identified followers of Nichiren, 47 were women. Many of his writings were to women followers in which he displays strong empathy for their struggles, and continually stressed the Lotus Sutra's teaching that all people, men and women equally, can become enlightened just as

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In 1278 the "Atsuhara Affair" ("Atsuhara Persecution") occurred, culminating three years later. In the prior stage of his career, between 1261 and 1273, Nichiren endured and overcame numerous trials that were directed at him personally including assassination attempts, an attempted execution, and

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Nichiren developed his thinking in this midst of confusing Lotus Sutra practices and a competing array of other "Old Buddhism" and "New Buddhism" schools. The biographical development of his thinking is sourced almost entirely from his extant writings as there is no documentation about him in the

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which was incorporated in 1876. Nissatsu was active in Buddhist intersect cooperation to resist the government's hostile policies, adopted the government's "Great Teaching" policy that was Shinto-derived, and promoted intersectarian understanding. In the process, however, he reinterpreted some of

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was launched in Guam. In the United States it has attracted a diverse membership including a significant demographic of African Americans. Since the 1970s, it has created institutions, publications and exhibitions to support its overall theme of "peace, culture, and education." There is academic

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scholar Charles S. Prebish coined the typology of "two Buddhisms" to delineate the divide between forms of Buddhism that appealed either primarily to people of the Asian diaspora or to Euro-American converts. Nattier, on the other hand, proposes a three-way typology. "Import" or "elite" Buddhism

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attacked the theoretical roots of Buddhism. Critics included promoters of Confucianism, nativism, Shinto-inspired Restorationists, and modernizers. Buddhism was critiqued as a needless drain on public resources and also as an insidious foreign influence that had obscured the indigenous Japanese

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Sanenaga defended his actions, claiming that it was customary for his political family to provide monetary donations and make homage to the Shinto shrine of the Kamakura shogunate. Nikō tolerated Sanenaga's acts, claiming that similar incidents occurred previously with the knowledge of Nichiren.

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Moreover, many Nichiren-inspired new religions (see New Religious Movement) are lay Buddhist movements. The training and practices do not require advanced scholarly knowledge. They offer a type of Buddhism that ordinary people preoccupied with their families and occupations can practice without

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Nichirenism also includes several intellectuals and activists who reacted against the prewar ultranationalistic interpretations and argued for an egalitarian and socialist vision of society based on Nichiren's teachings and the Lotus Sutra. These figures ran against the growing tide of Japanese

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Nichiren Buddhism, like the other Buddhist schools, struggled between accommodation and confrontation. The Nichiren scholar Udana-in Nichiki (1800–1859) argued for a policy of co-existence with other schools of Buddhism, Confucianism, Nativism, and European religions. His disciple Arai Nissatsu

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In all areas of Japanese religions, the trend to lay centrality is among the most conspicuous historical developments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By lay centrality I mean an increasingly important role for laity in all aspects of religious life and a weakening of the distinction

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Nichiren Shu has been classified into the church-like category. One of several Japanese Buddhist schools that followed in the wake of Japanese military conquest and colonization, Nichiren Shu opened a temple in Pusan, Korea in 1881. Its fortunes rose and diminished with the political tides but

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Starting in the second decade of the restoration, pushback against these policies came from Western powers interested in providing a safe harbor for Christianity and Buddhist leaders who proposed an alliance of Shinto and Buddhism to resist Christianity. As part of this accommodation, Buddhist

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On two occasions, however, the persecution was aimed at his followers. First, in 1271, in conjunction with the arrest and attempted execution of Nichiren and his subsequent exile to Sado, many of his disciples were arrested, banished, or had lands confiscated by the government. At that time,

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practice it had become, but was meant to be practiced "with the body", that is, in one's actions and the consequent results that are manifested. More important than the formality of ritual, he claimed, was the substance of the practitioner's life in which the spiritual and material aspects are

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alone contains the highest degree of Buddhist teachings and proposed a classification system that ranks the quality of religions and various Nichiren schools can be either accommodating or vigorously opposed to any other forms of Buddhism or religious beliefs. Various followers debate Nichiren

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The target of his tactics expanded during the early part of his career. Between 1253 and 1259 he proselytized and converted individuals, mainly attracting mid- to lower-ranking samurai and local landholders and debated resident priests in Pure Land temples. In 1260, however, he attempted to

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were implemented at the local level throughout Japan but were particularly intense in three domains that were the most active in the Restoration: Satsuma, Choshii, and Tosa. In Satsuma, for example, by 1872 all of its 1000+ Buddhist temples had been abolished, their monks laicized, and their

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The Atsuhara Affair also gave Nichiren the opportunity to better define what was to become Nichiren Buddhism. He stressed that meeting great trials was a part of the practice of the Lotus Sutra; the great persecutions of Atsuhara were not results of karmic retribution but were the historical

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Utmost seriousness. True practitioners must go beyond mental or verbal practices and actively speak up against and oppose prevailing thoughts and philosophies that denigrate the message of the Lotus Sutra. Nichiren set the example and was willing to lay down his life for its propagation and

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By Nichiren's time the Lotus Sūtra was firmly established in Japan. From the ninth century, Japanese rulers decreed that the Lotus Sūtra be recited in temples for its "nation-saving" qualities. It was the most frequently read and recited sutra by the literate lay class and its message was

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and numerous executions of believers in 1668. During this time of persecution, most likely to prevent young priests from adopting a passion for propagation, Nichiren seminaries emphasized Tendai studies with only a few top-ranking students permitted to study some of Nichiren's writings.

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landholdings confiscated. Throughout the country thousands of Buddhist temples and, at a minimum, tens of thousands of Buddhist sutras, paintings, statues, temple bells and other ritual objects were destroyed, stolen, lost, or sold during the early years of the restoration.

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played a crucial role in rebuilding the commerce, industry, and arts in Kyoto. Their influence in the arts and literature continued through the Momoyama (1568–1615) and Edo (1615–1868) periods and many of the most famous artists and literati were drawn from their ranks.

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Nichiren began to argue that through "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra," rather than just studying its text for literal meaning, a country and its people could be protected. According to Habito, Nichiren argued that bodily reading the Lotus Sutra entails four aspects:

5155: 2499:. The Sangha, sometimes translated as "the priest", is also interpreted differently. Minobu defines it as Nichiren; Nichiren Shoshu as Nikkō representing its priesthood; and the Soka Gakkai as Nikkō representing the harmonious community of practitioners. 1882:

From this early stage of his career, Nichiren started to engage in fierce polemics criticizing the teachings of Buddhism taught by the other sects of his day, a practice that continued and expanded throughout his life. Although Nichiren accepted the

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Originally influenced by the ideals of Tanaka and Honda, Giro Seno came to reject ultra-nationalism and argued for humanism, socialism, pacifism, and democracy as a new interpretation of Nichiren's beliefs. He was imprisoned for two years under the

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fulfill his mission despite the consequences. All of his disciples, he asserted, should emulate his spirit and work just like him in helping all people open their innate Buddha lives even though this means entails encountering enormous challenges.

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The here and now. Nichiren held that the bodily reading of the sūtra must be applicable to time, place, and contemporary events. Nichiren was acutely aware of the social and political turmoil of his country and spiritual confusion of people in the

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between the state and Buddhist temples was dismantled which left the latter without its funding. Buddhist institutions had to align themselves to the new nationalistic agenda or perish. Many of these reform efforts were led by lay people.

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This long history of foundings, divisions, and mergers have led to today's 37 legally incorporated Nichiren Buddhist groups. In the modern period, Nichiren Buddhism experienced a revival, largely initiated by lay people and lay movements.

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public records of his times. Modern scholarship on Nichiren's life tries to provide sophisticated textual and sociohistorical analyses to cull longstanding myths about Nichiren that accrued over time from what is actually concretized.

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sects. These four critiques were later collectively referred to as his "four dictums." Later in his writings, Nichiren referred to his early exegeses of the Pure Land teachings as just the starting point for his polemics against the

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group which splintered over whether the entire second half was of equal importance, the eight chapters of the second half when the assembly participates in "The Ceremony of the Air," or specifically Chapter Sixteen (Lifespan of the

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conducts more typical missionary activities in the West. It has a membership of between five hundred and one thousand members in Europe, concentrated in Italy, Spain, England and France. The approximately 1,500 members of the

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Although the various sects of Nichiren Buddhism were administratively independent, there is evidence of cooperation between them. For example, in 1466 the major Hokke temples in Kyoto signed the Kanshō-era accord (Kanshō

6020:. Tanabe, George J., Jr., 1943–, Tanabe, Willa J. (Willa Jane), 1945–, International Conference on the Lotus Sutra and Japanese Culture (1st : 1984 : University of Hawaii). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1663:). It has three pillars namely: faith, practice and study. Both the invocation and the Gohonzon, as taught by Nichiren, embody the title and essence of the Lotus Sutra, which he taught as the only valid scripture for the 3334:

has six temples in the United States led by Japanese priests and supported by lay Asians and non-Asians. There is one temple in Brazil and the residing priest serves as a "circuit rider" to attend to other locations.

2178:); lay out his views on other Buddhist schools, particularly those of influence during his lifetime; and elucidate his interpretations of Buddhist teachings that preceded his. These writings are collectively known as 2613:

In addition, Nikkō made accusatory charges that after Nichiren's death, other disciples slowly began to gradually deviate from what Nikkō viewed as Nichiren's orthodox teachings. Chief among these complaints was the

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temple while Nikō served as its doctrinal instructor. Before long tensions grew between the two concerning the behavior of Hakii Nanbu Rokurō Sanenaga, the steward of the Minobu district and the temple's patron.

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Matsunaga, Daigan, Matsunaga, Alicia (1988), Foundation of Japanese Buddhism, Vol. 2: The Mass Movement (Kamakura and Muromachi Periods), Los Angeles; Tokyo: Buddhist Books International, 1988 (fourth printing).

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After the above events and centuries of splintering based on dogma and institutional histories, the following major Nichiren temple schools, according to Matsunaga, were officially recognized in the Meiji era:

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attachment to inferior teachings, predicted foreign invasion and internal rebellion, and called for the return to legitimate dharma to protect the country. Although the role of Buddhism in "nation-protection" (

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group values the supremacy of the essential over the theoretical part of the Lotus Sutra. Therefore, solely the 2nd and 16th chapters of the Lotus Sutra are recited. There are additional subdivisions in the

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One who wants to know how high was his virtue, how profound and extensive was his learning, how heroic and grand was his character, and how gigantic and epoch-making was his mission, needs only to read his

3655:(Spiritual-Friendship-Association), founded in 1920 by Kakutaro Kubo and Kimi Kotani, Reiyūkai considers itself the grandfather of lay-based new religions devoted to the Lotus Sutra and ancestor veneration. 1895:) he drew a distinction, insisting both concepts should be seen as practical and realizable amidst the concrete realities of daily life. He took issue with other Buddhist schools of his time that stressed 5793: 7413: 3275:

While various sects and organizations have had a presence in nations outside Japan for over a century, the genuine expansion of Nichiren Buddhism overseas started in 1960 when Soka Gakkai president

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Nam-myoho-renge-kyo appears in the center of the Treasure Tower with the Buddhas Shakyamuni and Taho seated to the right and left and the four Bodhisattvas of the Earth, led by Jogyo, flank them.

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Pratom Prasertsak Angurarohita, 'Soka Gakkai in Thailand: A Sociological Study of its Emergence, World View, Recruitment Process, and Growth' (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1993)

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school, having no objections to its esoteric practices, perhaps as an expedient means to avoid persecution from Tiantai, Pure Land, and Shingon followers. This deepened the rift with Nikkō.

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which he sent to followers, and authored works constituting half of his extant writings including six treatises that were categorized by his follower Nikkō as among his ten most important.

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Although Soka Gakkai retains the copyrights on the foregoing two works and financed their publication, they show some deviation from similar works published under Soka Gakkai's own name.

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research on various national organizations affiliated with this movement: the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Scotland, Southeast Asia, Germany, and Thailand.

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Nichiren's important teachings. Among those arguing against accommodation were Nichiren scholar and lay believer Ogawa Taidō (1814–1878) and the cleric Honda Nisshō (1867–1931) of the

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Several Nichiren-inspired religious movements arose and appealed primarily to this segment of society with a message of alleviating suffering salvation for many poor urban workers.

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The roots of this splintering can be traced to the organization of the Nichiren community during his life. In 1282, one year before his death, Nichiren named "six senior priests" (

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In addition to using the letters to defend its claim to orthodoxy, the documents may have served to justify Taiseki-ji's claimed superiority over other Nikkō temples, especially

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Nichiren considered that in the Latter Day of the Law – a time of human strife and confusion, when Buddhism would be in decline – Buddhism had to be more than the theoretical or

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is often called "the most prominent Japanese 'export' religion to draw significant numbers of non-Japanese converts", by which Nichiren Buddhism has spread throughout the world.

4046: 2665:, the site of Nichiren's tomb. Even though there had been efforts by temples of the Nikkō lineage in the late 19th century to unify into one single separate Nichiren school the 2338:

or school. Nikō became the second chief abbot of Minobu (Nichiren is considered by this school to be the first). Nichirō's direct lineage was called the Nichirō or Hikigayatsu

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the year 1384) although they did not legally incorporate as religious bodies until the late 19th and early 20th century. A last wave of temple mergers took place in the 1950s.

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disseminated widely through art, folk tales, music, and theater. It was commonly held that it had powers to bestow spiritual and worldly benefits to individuals. However, even

6342: 5905: 3850: 2760:) to protect themselves against threats from Mt. Hiei. Despite strong sectarian differences, there is also evidence of interactions between Hokkeshū and Tendai scholar-monks. 4114: 6390: 7486: 5052: 2771:, increased pressure was placed major Buddhist schools and Nichiren temples to conform to governmental policies. Some Hokkeshū adherents, the followers of the so-called 2358:, the largest branch among traditional schools, encompassing the schools and temples tracing their origins to Nikō, Nichirō, Nisshō, Nitchō, and Nichiji. The lay and/or 8178: 4208: 3120:. Nisshō Honda advocated the unification of Japanese Buddhists to support the imperial state. Other ultra-nationalist activists who based their ideas on Nichiren were 8672: 9059:

Stone, Jacqueline I., Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Studies in East Asian Buddhism), University of Hawaii Press 2003,

8049: 4759: 3959: 3803: 1994:) was well-established in Japan at this time, in this thesis Nichiren explicitly held the leadership of the country directly responsible for the safety of the land. 6664: 2669:, today's Nichiren Shōshū comprises only the Taiseki-ji temple and its dependent temples. It is not identical to the historical Nikkō or Fuji lineage. Parts of the 6281: 5790: 2531:

or "Original Gate") chapters, are venerated. While great attention is given to the 2nd and 16th chapter of the Lotus Sutra, other parts of the sutra are recited.

6451: 8451: 2281:) that were frequently led by sons who became priests. Most Nichiren schools point to the founding date of their respective head or main temple (for example, 7416:. In: Hödl, Hans Gerald and Veronika Futterknecht, ed. Religionen nach der Säkularisierung. Festschrift für Johann Figl zum 65. Geburtstag, Wien: LIT, p. 187 2168:

A prolific writer, Nichiren's personal communiques among his followers as well as numerous treatises detail his view of the correct form of practice for the

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is the biggest representative, although it also includes some Nikkō temples. In this lineage the whole of the Lotus Sutra, both the so-called theoretical (

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A response to questions from Soka Gakkai practitioners regarding the similarities and differences among Nichiren Shu, Nichiren Shoshu and the Soka Gakkai

6749: 5952: 5080: 4990: 2831:), and moving from a caste social system to a meritocracy based on educational achievement. Although commonly perceived as a singular event called the 2729:), some of whom had acquired great wealth. Tanabe hypothesizes they were drawn to this faith because of Nichiren's emphasis on the "third realm" (Jpn. 11397: 9872: 4415:

Metraux, Daniel (1996). "The Soka Gakkai: Buddhism and the Creation of a Harmonious and Peaceful Society". In King, Sallie; Queen, Christopher (eds.).

3199:, an early example of lay-based religious movements of the modern period inspired by Nichiren, was founded several years before the Meiji Restoration. 1723:

The arrival of these new schools was a response to the social and political upheaval in Japan during this time as power passed from the nobility to a

7828:"A Survey of Education in Hawaii". Vol. 1920, no. 16. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior: Bureau of Education. 1920. p. 111. 7745:. Henrik Hjort Sorensen, Ole Bruun, Arne Kalland, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. pp. 50, 53. 3328:

have built peace pagodas, conducted parades beating the drum while chanting the daimoku, and encouraged themselves and others to create world peace.

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worship was incorporated into Buddhist practice. For example, Tendai, Shingon, Jodō, and Nichiren temples often had chapels within them dedicated to

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Richard K. Payne, Re-Visioning Kamakura Buddhism (Studies in East Asian Buddhism) (Studies in East Asian Buddhism, 11), University of Hawaii Press,

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1876: The Fuju-fuse-ha was recognized by the government after years of clandestine operation following episodes of persecution. In 1882 a second

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perspective that advocated the equal treatment of all sections of the Lotus Sutra. However, it also included five schools that maintained the

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Nichiren's teachings encompass a significant number of concepts. Briefly, the basic practice of Nichiren Buddhism is chanting the invocation

9842: 5429: 7675: 8727: 3607: 564: 6119: 3154: 2230:

weakened largely due to financial and political stresses resulting from defending the country from the Mongols. It was replaced by the

9950: 6168: 3908: 9685: 6013: 4028: 2409:. A deeply embedded and ritualized part of Japanese village life, Nichiren schools clashed over the practice of honoring local gods ( 599: 9707: 6692: 3279:

initiated his group's worldwide propagation efforts stemming from a few hundred transplanted Japanese to over 3500 families by 1962.

2029:

the Thus Come One") who eternally appears and engages in human events in order to save living beings from their state of unhappiness.

6318: 3844: 12378: 6615: 6562: 5897: 4100:

The classification of Buddhism : comprising the classification of Buddhist doctrines in India, China and Japan = Bukkyō-kyōhan

3883: 3235:(学)" as "Faith, Practices, Study", are more recent examples of lay-inspired movements drawing from Nichiren's teachings and life. 3116:(English: Nation's Pillar Society). Tanaka was charismatic and through his writings and lecturers attracted many followers such as 3058:

Socialist activists and writers during the prewar and postwar eras who promoted a vision of an ideal world society inspired by the

5871: 4098: 12217: 11669: 5611: 2095:

Nichiren's teachings reached their full maturity between the years 1274 and 1282 while he resided in primitive settings at Mount

1940:

school which had abandoned its Lotus Sutra-exclusiveness and incorporated esoteric doctrines and rituals as well as faith in the

7478: 5641: 5535: 5028: 1739:. The era was marked by an intertwining relationship between Buddhist schools and the state which included clerical corruption. 1686:

The specific task to be pursued by Nichiren's disciples was the widespread propagation of his teachings (the invocation and the

11872: 9852: 4354: 7391: 4673: 9286: 8320: 8152: 7530: 6702: 4541: 4516: 4424: 4305: 4280: 4081: 3815: 942: 714: 6882: 4192: 3765: 2725:, only being outnumbered by Zen temples. The demographic base of support in Kyoto were members of the merchant class (Jpn. 10035: 9877: 8646: 3142: 1514:

schools. Its teachings derive from some 300–400 extant letters and treatises either authored by or attributed to Nichiren.

1449: 8025: 5118:

See, Tony (2014). "Deleuze and Mahayana Buddhism: Immanence and Original Enlightenment Thought". In Hanping., Chiu (ed.).

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Anti-Buddhist sentiment had been building throughout the latter part of the Tokugawa period (1603–1868). Scholars such as

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in meditative practice, insisting on the need for propagation, and participating in remonstrations with the authorities.

5823: 12109: 11659: 9754: 9064: 8908: 8576: 6484: 6437: 6232: 5719: 5228: 4584: 4243: 3789: 6257: 979: 9955: 9190: 9177: 9172:(日蓮正宗史の基礎的研究; "A study of fundaments of Nichiren Shoshu history"). (Rev.) Yamaguchi Handō. Sankibo Bussho-rin, 1993. 9051: 9038: 9011: 9000: 8982: 8969: 8934: 8868: 8854: 8840: 8826: 8812: 8798: 8784: 8770: 8703: 8658: 8621: 8258: 8213: 8164: 8113: 8080: 8035: 8000: 7972: 7935: 7876: 7790: 7750: 7661: 7626: 7439: 7275: 7209: 7180: 7143: 7085: 7008: 6915: 6868: 6824: 6735: 6650: 6623: 6531: 6427: 6376: 6328: 6267: 6199: 6130: 6066: 6025: 5983: 5938: 5752: 5496: 5423: 5373: 5319: 5294: 5261: 5127: 5090: 5038: 4976: 4841: 4804: 4745: 4707: 4616: 4396: 4202: 4152: 4108: 4040: 3953: 17: 12202: 8433: 8384: 7197: 11887: 11632: 7381:

Tanaka Chigaku: What is Nippon Kokutai? Introduction to Nipponese National Principles. Shishio Bunka, Tokyo 1935–36

7317: 7038:"Zen Books Reviewed: Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution by James Edward Ketelaar" 5675: 5581: 5460: 4479: 4329: 2736:

In the 15th century, the political and social order began to collapse and Hokkeshū followers armed themselves. The

2630:

government. Furthermore, Nikkō alleged that the other disciples disregarded some of Nichiren's writings written in

2019:) that votaries would be persecuted by ignorant lay people, influential priests, and their friends in high places. 1911:

school because of its exclusive reliance on Amida Buddha for salvation which resulted in "other-dependence." (Jpn.

1863:. Throughout his career Nichiren carried his personal copy of the Lotus Sutra which he continually annotated. The 1298: 525: 7738: 7109: 5256:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 5585–5590 (Kindle locations). 2445:

who were entrusted in Chapter Twenty-Two to propagate the Lotus Sūtra. The Nikkō group identified Nichiren as the

1555:

After his death, Nichiren left to both his senior disciples and lay followers the mandate to widely propagate the

758: 12279: 12269: 10098: 9614: 9054: 7785:. Lee, Jonathan H. X.,, Matsuoka, Fumitaka,, Yee, Edmond, 1938–, Nakasone, Ronald Y. Santa Barbara. p. 682. 6996: 6694:

The Ideas of the Lotus Sutra, In: George Joji Tanabe; Willa Jane Tanabe, eds. The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture

6054: 3643: 3325: 2946:

perspective which emphasized the latter half of the Lotus Sutra: Myōmanji, Happon, Honjōji, Honryūji, and Fuji-ha

2370: 2190:

they are. His voice is sensitive and kind which differs from the strident picture painted about him by critics.

1442: 557: 194: 8522:

The international expansion of a modern Buddhist movement : the Soka Gakkai in Southeast Asia and Australia

2993:

temple of Shizuoka broke off from the Honmonshū and became Nichirenshū Fuji-ha. In 1913, this group was renamed

2039: 862: 12224: 11877: 11679: 11570: 11515: 10088: 9609: 9508: 9342: 8949: 6591: 4829: 2909:(1830–1888) forged an alliance of several Nichiren branches and became the first superintendent of the present 2783:) offerings from non-believers. Suppressed, adherents often held their meetings clandestinely which led to the 2701:

In the early 14th century Hokkeshū followers spread the teachings westward and established congregations (Jpn.

420: 6719: 5928: 12194: 11892: 11575: 9867: 9700: 9259: 8895: 7739:"Japanese Missionaries and Their Impact on the Revival of Korean Buddhism at the Close of the Choson Dynasty" 4966: 4702:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 4727 (Kindle locations). 538: 8893:

Website for English-language translations of works essential to the study of Nichiren Buddhism (Soka Gakkai)

8385:"Globalization and the Pursuit of a Shared Understanding of the Absolute: The Case of Soka Gakkai in Brazil" 887: 674: 11777: 11649: 11620: 11322: 9209:(教学解説用語集; "Glossary of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist terms"). (Rev.) Kyōdō Enoki, comp. Watō Henshūshitsu, 2006. 5570:"The Atsuhara Affair: The Lotus Sutra, Persecution, and Religious Identity in the Early Nichiren Tradition" 3491: 3469: 3450: 3437: 3359:

In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Knowledge).

9082:

Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect: With the Life of Nichiren, the Founder of the Nichiren Sect

7743:

Asian perceptions of nature : papers presented at a workshop, NIAS, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 1991

3589:

In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Knowledge):

3137:

militarism and were subjected to political harassment and persecution. A leading figure in this group was

3051:

The ultranationalistic preoccupation with Nichiren that contributed to Japan's militaristic effort before

1915:) In addition to his critique of Pure Land Buddhism, he later expanded his polemics to criticisms of the 1876: 1645: 993: 470: 11468: 11377: 10847: 10492: 10005: 9900: 9460: 9445: 9135:

Japanese Civilization, its Significance and Realization: Nichirenism and the Japanese National Principles

4231: 3243:

Nichiren Buddhism has had a major impact on Japan's literary and cultural life. Japanese literary figure

2210: 2142:

unfolding of the Buddhist Dharma. The vague "single good of the true vehicle" which he advocated in the

1720: 972: 919: 808: 11012: 7247:

Yoshinaga, Shin'ichi (July 2009). "Theosophy and Buddhist Reformers in the Middle of the Meiji Period".

7037: 5849: 5809:

Sueki Fumehiko: Nichirens Problematic Works, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 26/3-4, 261–280, 1999

3096:. The nationalistic interpretation of Nichiren's teachings were inspired by lay Buddhist movements like 2254:

Several denominations comprise the umbrella term "Nichiren Buddhism" which was known at the time as the

1932:, which he had deemed as a far more significant matter of concern. Adding to his criticisms of esoteric 12368: 12317: 11797: 11273: 10759: 9882: 9715: 9328: 8944:

Causton, Richard, "Buddha in Daily Life, An Introduction to the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin", 1995.

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lineage, adamantly bucked this policy based on their readings of Nichiren's teachings to neither take (

2328:

region of Japan and these groups, after Nichiren's death, ultimately morphed into lineages of schools.

2235: 1929: 550: 415: 11207: 9560: 9220: 2562:

Nichiren's 100th Day Memorial ceremony (23 January 1283) when the rotation system as agreed upon the "

1343: 12207: 12020: 12010: 11882: 10865: 10445: 10206: 10181: 9279: 8206:

Encountering the Dharma : Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the globalization of Buddhist humanism

3685: 3304: 2442: 2076: 1680: 1624: 1616: 1604: 1108: 425: 10231: 9166:(新版　仏教哲学大辞典: "Grand dictionary of Buddhist philosophy, rev. ed."). Seikyo Shimbunsha, 1985. No ISBN. 8696:

Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism and the Soka Gakkai in America : the ethos of a new religious movement

8201: 7864: 7846: 6730:. Kornicki, Peter F. (Peter Francis), McMullen, James, 1939–. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5368:. Granoff, P. E. (Phyllis Emily), 1947–, Shinohara, Koichi, 1941–. Leiden: Brill. pp. 128–130. 3593: 659: 12312: 11664: 11478: 11456: 11449: 11352: 10885: 10505: 10321: 10266: 9887: 9693: 7928:

The Goddess and the Dragon : a Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

7703: 6965: 6429:

The Goddess and the Dragon : a Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

3846:

Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect, Submitted to the Parliament of the World's Religions

3196: 3105: 2733:) of the Lotus Sutra, staked out in chapters 10–22, which emphasize practice in the mundane world. 1896: 1736: 1593: 7268:

Practical pursuits : religion, politics, and personal cultivation in nineteenth-century Japan

3681: 3026:(廃仏毀釈), when the government attempted to eradicate mainstream Japanese Buddhism. As a part of the 2905:

priests were forced to promote key teachings of Shinto and provide support for national policies.

2206: 649: 12249: 12229: 11560: 11540: 11297: 11027: 10271: 9016: 6586:

Montgomery, Daniel (1991). Fire in the Lotus, The Dynamic Religion of Nichiren, London: Mandala,

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lay organization. Although the latter has a sizeable membership and it is one of the important

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and continued decades after the 1867–1868 demise of the shogunate and launch of imperial rule.

2717:. During this time there is documentation of face-to-face public debates between Hokkeshū and 2519:

lineage today comprises most of the traditional schools within Nichiren Buddhism, of which the

2359: 2174: 1620: 1597: 189: 10589: 9115: 8731: 7619:

Old wisdom in the New World : Americanization in two immigrant Theravada Buddhist temples

6607: 5710:

Foundation of Japanese Buddhism. Vol. II, The mass movement (Kamakura & Muromachi periods)

4388: 3173:, his lay organization composed of primarily secretaries and teachers until it grew to become 1679:

in the Lotus Sutra, the nation will know peace and security. He considered his disciples the "

1268: 894: 12264: 12234: 11815: 11747: 11580: 11495: 11490: 11414: 11409: 11327: 9857: 9322: 6160: 6114: 5791:

Some disputed writings in the Nichiren corpus: Textual, hermeneutical and historical problems

4194:

The Goddess and the Dragon: A Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

3658: 3631: 3282:

Nichiren Buddhism is now practiced in many countries outside of Japan. In the United States,

3158: 2654:

in Omosu district. He spent most of his life at the latter, where he trained his followers.

2642:

Sanenaga sided with Nikō and Nikkō departed in 1289 from Minobu. He returned to his home in

2431:) claimed that the latter half was superior to the former half. (See below for more details.) 2387:

or lineage. He founded a center at the foot of Mount Fuji which would later be known as the

2366: 2049: 1664: 1589: 1423: 1208: 958: 909: 410: 10880: 8489:

Chanting in the Hillsides : the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin in Wales and the Borders

2693:

trace their origins to the Nichiren Shōshū school and they all eventually branched from it.

1258: 12287: 12254: 12239: 11757: 11654: 11600: 11485: 11424: 11392: 11387: 11372: 11357: 11347: 11312: 11225: 10917: 10840: 10143: 10083: 9832: 9799: 9749: 9594: 9455: 9450: 9272: 6603: 6061:. Neusner, Jacob, 1932–2016. (3rd ed.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. 5863: 5486: 3521: 3081: 2994: 2392: 2286: 2100: 1632: 1569: 1428: 1418: 1413: 1070: 684: 460: 440: 12127: 10742: 10611: 10537: 10413: 10151: 9530: 9440: 7392:"Brian Daizen Victoria, Senior Lecturer Centre for Asian Studies, University of Adelaide, 2622:. Nikkō admonished other disciple priests for signing their names "Tendai Shamon" (of the 1924: 129: 8: 12094: 11973: 11807: 11782: 11772: 11732: 11709: 11592: 11565: 11525: 11444: 11434: 11362: 11289: 10720: 10577: 10358: 10336: 10288: 10108: 9908: 9764: 9744: 9604: 6819:. Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse,, Walter, Mariko Namba. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 4508: 4502: 3666: 2982: 2127: 1982: 1671: 1541: 1388: 878: 869: 654: 10068: 9995: 9589: 9525: 9231: 8882:. Burton Watson et al., trans.; Philip B. Yampolsky, ed. Columbia University Press, 1996 8876:. Burton Watson et al., trans.; Philip B. Yampolsky, ed. Columbia University Press, 1990 6558: 4387:. Translated by Burton Watson; et al. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 3876: 2067:

proved to be another key turning point in Nichiren's life. Here he began inscribing the

803: 694: 332: 12157: 12062: 11904: 11867: 11862: 11792: 11742: 11689: 11684: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11535: 11520: 11505: 11500: 11439: 11419: 11382: 11307: 11112: 10813: 10737: 10615: 10557: 10398: 10298: 10226: 10201: 9847: 9777: 9470: 8547: 8467: 8363: 8276: 8159:. Gallagher, Eugene V., Ashcraft, W. Michael, 1955–. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 8131: 7906: 7808: 7584: 7457: 7364: 7356: 7293: 7227: 6945: 6502: 6406: 6297: 5770: 5708: 5603: 5337: 4942: 4775: 3622: 3576: 3557: 3506: 3387: 3348: 3344: 2768: 2743: 2603: 2587: 2239: 2231: 2227: 1986: 1961: 1908: 1802: 1408: 1373: 1035: 965: 11956: 7653:

Race and religion in American Buddhism : white supremacy and immigrant adaptation

7202:

Religious dynamics under the impact of imperialism and colonialism : a sourcebook

6780:"Rebuking the Enemies of the Lotus: Nichirenist Exclusivism in Historical Perspective" 5633: 5527: 3244: 2714: 2334:, Nichirō, and Nisshō were the core of the Minobu (also known as the Nikō or Kuon-ji) 367: 347: 55: 12335: 12297: 11993: 11978: 11941: 11926: 11699: 11615: 11530: 11367: 11332: 11317: 11044: 11034: 10715: 10562: 10547: 10341: 10261: 10196: 10128: 10015: 9772: 9186: 9173: 9060: 9047: 9034: 9007: 8996: 8978: 8965: 8945: 8930: 8904: 8864: 8850: 8836: 8822: 8808: 8794: 8780: 8766: 8709: 8699: 8664: 8654: 8627: 8617: 8582: 8572: 8535: 8525: 8502: 8492: 8441: 8402: 8392: 8351: 8341: 8316: 8264: 8254: 8219: 8209: 8170: 8160: 8119: 8109: 8086: 8076: 8041: 8031: 8006: 7996: 7968: 7941: 7931: 7882: 7872: 7796: 7786: 7756: 7746: 7667: 7657: 7632: 7622: 7588: 7526: 7445: 7435: 7368: 7281: 7271: 7215: 7205: 7176: 7149: 7139: 7091: 7081: 7004: 6921: 6911: 6874: 6864: 6830: 6820: 6741: 6731: 6698: 6656: 6646: 6619: 6587: 6537: 6527: 6490: 6480: 6443: 6433: 6382: 6372: 6334: 6324: 6273: 6263: 6238: 6228: 6205: 6195: 6126: 6072: 6062: 6031: 6021: 5989: 5979: 5944: 5934: 5758: 5748: 5725: 5715: 5502: 5492: 5419: 5379: 5369: 5325: 5315: 5290: 5267: 5257: 5234: 5224: 5217: 5133: 5123: 5086: 5044: 5034: 4982: 4972: 4946: 4847: 4837: 4836:. Hall, John Whitney, 1916–1997., 山村, 耕造. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 4810: 4800: 4751: 4741: 4713: 4703: 4622: 4612: 4600: 4580: 4537: 4512: 4420: 4392: 4381: 4301: 4276: 4271:

Hammond, Phillip (2000). "Foreword". In Macacheck, David W; Wilson, Bryan R. (eds.).

4239: 4198: 4158: 4148: 4104: 4077: 4036: 3949: 3902: 3811: 3785: 3283: 3027: 2870: 2843: 2832: 2784: 2662: 2651: 2635: 2619: 2583: 2466: 2351: 2122:

Although Nichiren was situated in Minobu, far from the scene of the persecution, the

2096: 1974: 1820: 1676: 1485: 1473: 1398: 1383: 1378: 1361: 951: 901: 581: 154: 94: 86: 11279: 10073: 9973: 9555: 9420: 9160:(日蓮正宗要義; "The essential tenets of Nichiren Shoshu"). Taiseki-ji, 1978, rev. ed. 1999 5033:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 4351: 4232:"Canon formation in new religious movements: The case of the Japanese new religions" 4060:

becoming priests and having to dedicate themselves exclusively to spiritual matters.

3263:

listed Nichiren as one of five historical figures who best represented Japan, while

3260: 3138: 2863: 2427:) argued that all chapters of the sūtra should be equally valued and others (called 2376: 778: 387: 212: 11983: 11936: 11931: 11787: 11752: 11727: 11722: 11473: 11429: 11342: 11017: 10673: 10666: 10450: 10440: 10326: 9990: 9862: 9255: 7574: 7399: 7348: 5122:. Lee, Yu-lin., Bogue, Ronald. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 4934: 4662: 4604: 4147:. Granoff, P. E. (Phyllis Emily, 1947–), Shinohara, Koichi (1941–). Leiden: Brill. 3647: 3312: 3252: 3023: 2889: 2819:(1868–1912) periods in nineteenth-century Japan. The changeover from early modern ( 2803:) as their main activity. Stagnation was often the price for the protected status. 2201:

is a matter of debate within the various schools of today's Nichiren Buddhism. His

1576:

schools. In addition, modern lay organizations not affiliated with temples such as

1393: 1366: 1233: 1050: 1030: 854: 818: 520: 352: 337: 45: 11062: 8106:

Religion and American cultures : tradition, diversity, and popular expression

7339:

Kodera, Takashi James (March 1979). "Nichiren and His Nationalistic Eschatology".

5156:"Nenbutsu Leads to the Avici Hell: Nichiren's Critique of the Pure Land Teachings" 3662: 2402:

Fault lines between the various Nichiren groups crystallized over several issues:

2103:. During this time he devoted himself to training disciples, produced most of the 1777:

It is clear that from an early point in his studies Nichiren came to focus on the

1098: 12347: 12292: 12244: 12172: 12042: 11840: 11820: 11762: 11674: 11337: 11235: 11082: 10818: 10801: 10786: 10764: 10316: 10186: 10020: 10000: 9518: 9243: 9142: 9133: 8391:. Learman, Linda, 1950–. Honolulu: University of Hawaiì Press. pp. 123–139. 8075:. Queen, Christopher S. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. pp. 184, 190, 203. 7960: 7073: 6856: 6225:

From salvation to spirituality : popular religious movements in modern Japan

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which introduced Nichiren to the West. Non-Buddhist Japanese individuals such as

3220: 3204: 3166: 3101: 2883: 2874: 2643: 2482: 2399:

is the largest independent lay organization that shares roots with this lineage.

2012: 1511: 1504: 1338: 1273: 1113: 831: 813: 798: 689: 669: 515: 64: 11092: 10246: 10236: 9379: 9354: 9106: 8653:. McDannell, Colleen. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 112. 8567:

Ionescu, Sandra (2013). "Adapt or Perish: The Story of Soka Gakkai in Germany".

5223:. Translated by Burton Watson; et al. New York: Columbia University Press. 4925:

Heine, Steven (January 2005). "Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History (review)".

3125: 2927: 2910: 2721:

adherents. By the end of the century Hokkeshū temples had been founded all over

2520: 2355: 2331: 2325: 2301: 2282: 1573: 1133: 322: 267: 12302: 12005: 11855: 11637: 11217: 11197: 11117: 10806: 10796: 10730: 10567: 10053: 9916: 9639: 9624: 9399: 9384: 9019:

The Soka Gakkai International: Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement

8338:

The lotus and the maple leaf : the Soka Gakkai Buddhist movement in Canada

6852: 3626: 3248: 3117: 3109: 2710: 2600: 2596: 2503:

The cleavage between Nichiren groups has also been classified by the so-called

2438: 2123: 2072: 1842: 1782: 1732: 1403: 1318: 1075: 839: 738: 639: 372: 7352: 7134:

Covell, Stephen G (2006). "8: Buddhism in Japan, The creation of traditions".

7080:. Marius B. Jansen and Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 6863:. Marius B. Jansen and Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4548:

Basically, the Hommon No Kaidan is any place where a believer keeps the sutra.

2855: 2682: 1735:. A prevailing pessimism existed associated with the perceived arrival of the 362: 317: 247: 60: 12362: 12072: 11921: 11230: 11132: 10990: 10791: 10769: 10705: 10376: 10171: 10166: 10058: 9727: 9599: 9484: 9465: 9389: 9374: 9070: 9030: 8631: 8586: 8506: 8223: 8174: 8123: 8090: 8010: 7945: 7886: 7800: 7671: 7579: 7562: 7449: 7285: 7219: 7198:"Shimaji Mokurai: Petition in Criticism of the Three Articles of Instruction" 7095: 6925: 6878: 6848: 6834: 6541: 6494: 6447: 6386: 6277: 5993: 5948: 5819: 5800:, dissertation, Los Angeles: University of California; retrieved 26 July 2013 5762: 5729: 5383: 5329: 5271: 5137: 5048: 4755: 4717: 4626: 4162: 3689: 3343:

The following lists are based on English-language Knowledge articles and the

3300: 3276: 2064: 2007:(1261–1263), convinced Nichiren that he was "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra ( 2004: 1978: 1809: 1728: 1529:

in the current life. There are three essential aspects to Nichiren Buddhism:

1522: 1303: 1288: 1228: 1060: 1020: 763: 704: 644: 629: 435: 312: 159: 149: 10530: 10520: 9892: 9185:(岩波　日本史辞典: "Iwanami dictionary of Japanese history"). Iwanami Shoten, 1999. 9080: 8713: 8668: 8539: 8406: 8355: 8268: 8108:. Gary Laderman, Luis D. León (Second ed.). Santa Barbara, California. 8045: 7760: 7636: 7153: 6815:

Walter, Mariko Namba (2008). "The structure of Japanese Buddhist funerals".

6745: 6660: 6338: 6242: 6209: 6076: 6035: 5506: 5238: 4986: 4851: 4814: 4799:. Tanabe, George J., Jr., 1943–. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 3671: 3619: 3354: 3113: 3097: 2686: 2163: 1568:

Traditionalist Nichiren Buddhist temple groups are commonly associated with

12162: 12147: 12117: 12067: 12057: 11899: 11694: 11187: 11022: 10900: 10688: 10683: 10510: 10381: 10256: 9717: 9567: 5604:"Atsuhara Persecution – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 3766:

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism

3547: 3477: 3208: 3178: 3093: 3089: 3052: 3031: 3019: 2966: 2915: 2816: 2796: 2487: 2290: 1786: 1628: 1623:. Nichiren Buddhism is practiced in many countries. The largest groups are 1328: 1313: 1153: 510: 490: 382: 49: 41: 10945: 10930: 10890: 10587: 10251: 9827: 5453:"Criticism and Appropriation Nichiren's Attitude toward Esoteric Buddhism" 4938: 3599: 3267:

described Nichiren as one of the four historical figures he most admired.

2690: 1958:

Establishment of the Legitimate Teaching for the Protection of the Country

1799:

Establishment of the Legitimate Teaching for the Protection of the Country

1143: 939: 907: 875: 852: 480: 12132: 11961: 11102: 11087: 10870: 10678: 10606: 10386: 10216: 10118: 9965: 9837: 9369: 9335: 9295: 8202:"peace+culture+and+education"&pg=PA68 "Soka Gakkai International-USA" 6147: 5667: 5569: 5528:"ten major writings – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 5452: 4471: 3677: 3295: 3216: 3174: 3085: 3075: 3059: 3044: 2998: 2492: 2396: 2135: 1941: 1860: 1813: 1778: 1611: 1577: 1518: 1188: 1163: 1148: 845: 788: 731: 614: 405: 377: 217: 109: 12122: 10582: 7360: 7313: 6116:

The literature of travel in the Japanese rediscovery of China, 1862–1945

4321: 3652: 2742:

was an uprising in 1532 of Hokke followers against the followers of the

2362: 1945: 743: 184: 179: 32: 12077: 12035: 11911: 11717: 11642: 11256: 11240: 11202: 11182: 11077: 11052: 10960: 10895: 10875: 10621: 10552: 10423: 10306: 10276: 10211: 10161: 9819: 9809: 9782: 9499: 9477: 3525: 2847: 2812: 2792: 2764: 2738: 2678: 2647: 2615: 2446: 2414: 2198: 1837: 1744: 1585: 1526: 1308: 1218: 1203: 1128: 1123: 1000: 748: 727: 624: 619: 455: 237: 11097: 10093: 9629: 6161:"Nichiren school – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 5163:

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Lotus Sutra

3613: 3065:

Organized religious bodies that were inspired by Nichiren's teachings.

2324:(日持). Each had led communities of followers in different parts of the 2309: 2273:

The movement was supported financially by local warlords or stewards (

1952:

directly reform society as a whole by submitting a treatise entitled "

1138: 679: 12052: 12025: 11192: 11067: 10779: 10695: 10572: 10462: 10435: 10428: 10391: 10348: 10311: 10078: 10043: 10010: 9985: 9940: 9584: 9579: 9504: 9489: 9435: 7993:

Global institutions of religion : ancient movers, modern shakers

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as an object of worship, providing funding for the construction of a

2579: 2388: 1900: 1752: 1581: 1333: 1093: 1045: 783: 773: 768: 753: 699: 505: 164: 11825: 10661: 10515: 10281: 10063: 9932: 9924: 9619: 9574: 9545: 7003:. Fabio Rambelli, Mark Teeuwen (eds.). Routledge. pp. 222–254. 6189: 4419:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 366–367. 2795:

the majority of Hokkeshū temples were subsumed into the shogunate's

2317: 2305: 1724: 1263: 1193: 495: 277: 227: 12342: 12182: 12137: 12082: 12047: 11951: 11610: 11177: 11172: 11122: 11057: 10975: 10940: 10935: 10596: 10467: 10455: 10366: 10025: 9722: 9672: 9549: 9539: 9430: 7476: 6371:(Rev. and expanded ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 5930:

An introduction to Buddhism : teachings, history and practices

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Shinto worship. Within Nichiren Buddhism there was a phenomenon of

2811:

Nichiren Buddhism was deeply influenced by the transition from the

2631: 2627: 2150:

or title which he described as the heart of the "origin teaching" (

1966: 1833: 1768: 1651: 1534: 1507: 1500: 1497: 1253: 1178: 1103: 1055: 1005: 793: 589: 485: 297: 37: 11167: 11157: 11142: 10965: 10835: 10103: 9634: 9250: 9102:, vol. 44. Calcutta, The Maha=Bodhi Society. pp. 317–322; 375–391. 8071:

Chappell, David W. (2000). "Racial Diversity in the Soka Gakkai".

7930:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 71. 7169:"Buddhism and Japanese Nationalism: A Sad Chronicle of Complicity" 7001:

Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a Combinatory Paradigm

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Both Nichiren and his followers have been associated with fervent

2538:

lineage comprises most temples and lay groups following the Nikkō

2383:

in 1289 and became the founder of what was to be called the Nikkō

1283: 1248: 1238: 1198: 475: 282: 252: 232: 222: 174: 12087: 12030: 12015: 11162: 11152: 11127: 11002: 10997: 10955: 10925: 10857: 10823: 10710: 10651: 10646: 10500: 10403: 10241: 10191: 9978: 9804: 9660: 9424: 7314:"Revisiting Nichiren; Ruben L. F. Habito and Jacqueline I. Stone" 5314:. Keown, Damien, 1951–, Prebish, Charles S. London. p. 548. 5252:

Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). "Bodily Reading of the Lotus Sutra".

4698:

Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). "Bodily Reading of the Lotus Sutra".

3849:. Tokyo, Japan: Central Office of the Nichiren Sect. p. vi. 3551: 2978:

Honryūji-ha became Honmyō Hokkeshū, also based in Honryūji, Kyoto

2935: 2511:(a contraction of two words meaning superior/inferior) lineages. 2456: 2380: 2347: 2321: 1933: 1920: 1748: 1561: 1243: 1173: 1168: 1065: 1010: 709: 664: 430: 262: 144: 10774: 10542: 8208:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 68. 5714:. Matsunaga, Daigan. Los Angeles: Buddhist Books International. 3930: 2835:, the transition was full of twists and turns that began in the 2313: 1667:, as well as the life state of Buddhahood inherent in all life. 1517:

Nichiren Buddhism generally sources its basic doctrine from the

257: 242: 12167: 12152: 11988: 11850: 11830: 11605: 11267: 11147: 11137: 11072: 10700: 10656: 10641: 10631: 10601: 10525: 10408: 10176: 10048: 9792: 9787: 9666: 9535: 7967:. Stephen M. Cherry, Helen Rose Ebaugh. Routledge. p. 87. 7606:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 57–63. 7604:

Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America

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and wrote several major theses in which he claimed that he was

1937: 1884: 1864: 1712: 1278: 1213: 1183: 1118: 1015: 500: 450: 445: 357: 327: 139: 119: 9264: 8313:

The Buddha within ourselves : blossoms of the Lotus Sutra

6262:. Ruppert, Brian Douglas, 1962–. Chichester, West Sussex, UK. 3009:), it is not included in many treatments of Nichiren lineages. 2696: 1793:

An early period extending up to Nichiren's submission of the "

12307: 12142: 12000: 11966: 11946: 11916: 11845: 11262: 11107: 10985: 10980: 10950: 10905: 10752: 10747: 10626: 10331: 10156: 10123: 10113: 9394: 9203:(日蓮正宗入門; "Introduction to Nichiren Shoshu"). Taiseki-ji, 2002 5359:"The sin of slandering the true Dharma in Nichiren's thought" 2722: 2706: 2591: 2035: 1756: 1323: 1223: 1158: 634: 465: 342: 302: 292: 287: 272: 124: 114: 8616:. Clarke, Peter B. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 23. 5634:"Gosho – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 3184: 2578:

Nikkō accused Sanenaga of unorthodox practices deemed to be

1827: 12177: 10970: 10636: 10133: 7550:. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press. p. 51. 3610:, founded in 1942 and expelled from Nichiren Shoshu in 1974 3338: 2851: 2410: 1755:

assortment of esoteric rituals and Pure Land practices as "

307: 9071:

English-language works, late 19th and early 20th centuries

8251:

Soka Gakkai in America : accommodation and conversion

7136:

Buddhism in world cultures : comparative perspectives

5933:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3596:, founded in 1950 by Kaichi Sekiguchi and Tomino Sekiguchi 3299:

repeated missionary trips beginning in the early 1960s by

2972:

Happon-ha became Honmon Hokkeshū based in Honjōji, Niigata

11835: 10371: 8311:

Macioti, Maria Immacolata; Capozzi (tr), Richard (2002).

8300:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. pp. 243–4. 7965:

Global Religious Movements Across Borders: Sacred Service

7858: 7856: 7621:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 144. 7434:. Kawanami, Hiroko. Basingstoke, Hampshire. p. 223. 5366:

Sins and sinners : perspectives from Asian religions

4795:

Stone, Jacqueline I. (1999). "Priest Nisshin's Ordeals".

4145:

Sins and Sinners : Perspectives from Asian Religions

3355:

Clerical Nichiren Buddhist schools and their head temples

3255:, was encouraged to study Nichiren which led to the work 3013: 2606:. Nikkō regarded the latter as a violation of Nichiren's 1916: 1836:

examined Buddhist texts and commentaries at Mount Hiei's

1025: 63:, which is highly revered in Nichiren Buddhism. From the 8903:, Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer, trans., Verlag Herder, 2014, 8157:

Introduction to new and alternative religions in America

7138:. Berkwitz, Stephen C., 1969–. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 2618:

practices of some of the disciples to worship images of

2197:(orally transmitted teachings), are deemed authentic or 1565:

in order to secure the peace and prosperity of society.

9247: 7961:"Soka Gakkai International: Nichiren Japanese Buddhism" 7865:"Buddhism, Shinto and Japanese New Religions in Brazil" 7414:

Neue religiöse Bewegungen in Japan heute: ein Überblick

7265: 7173:

The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective

4417:

Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements In Asia

4076:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 2. 3939: 3926:. Portland, Oregon: Sussex Academic Press. p. 141. 2677:, eventually became part of Nichiren Shu in the 1950s. 8755: 7853: 6724:

policy towards religions in seventeenth century Japan"

6473:

Buswell, Robert E. Jr; Lopez, Donald S., eds. (2013).

6432:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 5686:– via Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. 5287:

A Forum for Peace: Daisaku Ikeda's Proposals to the UN

4579:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 1–2. 3940:

Ellwood, Robert S.; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark A. (2003).

3251:

praised Nichiren's teachings. A prominent researcher,

3108:. Among the key proponents of this interpretation are 3100:

and resulted in violent historical events such as the

2111:

two exiles, thereby "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra" (

1819:

A final period (1274–1282) in which Nichiren lived in

1521:

claiming that all sentient beings possess an internal

8295: 6190:

Daschke, Dereck.; Ashcraft, W. Michael, eds. (2005).

4611:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 3–4. 3942:"Chapter 12: East Asian Religions in Today's America" 3810:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 98–105. 3775:, Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999 3047:" applies broadly to the following three categories: 2566:" (English: Record document of founder's demise) and 2216: 1762: 1659:

entails both chanting and having the mind of faith. (

9085:, edited by the Central Office of the Nichiren Sect. 9027:

Fire In The Lotus – The Dynamic Buddhism of Nichiren

8027:

The African American religious experience in America

5214: 4507:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 2277:) who often founded tightly organized clan temples ( 2249: 1891:) and "attaining Buddhahood in one's present form" ( 1887:

theoretical constructs of "original enlightenment" (

1548:

The study of Nichiren's scriptural writings, called

1503:

based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese

8486: 8310: 6728:

Religion in Japan : arrows to heaven and earth

6642:

Jōdo Shinshū : Shin Buddhism in medieval Japan

4071: 3625:(also 國柱会), a nationalist group founded in 1914 by 3018:Nichiren Buddhism went through many reforms in the 2975:

Honjōji-ha became Hokkeshū based in Honryūji, Kyoto

2465:. All schools of Buddhism speak of the concept of 8993:Lotus Seeds – The Essence of Nichiren Shu Buddhism 8728:""Kenshokai" has no relation to "Nichiren Shoshu"" 8491:. Fowler, Merv. Brighton : Sussex Academic Press. 7428:"Opium Eaters: Buddhism as Revolutionary Politics" 5707: 5480: 5478: 5216: 5215:Yampolsky, Philip B., ed. (1990). "Introduction". 4536:. London: Mand ala (Harper Collins). p. 133. 4380: 4234:. In Debeek, A. Van; Van der Toorn, Karel (eds.). 3616:, lay organization affiliated with Nichiren Shōshū 2599:Shinto shrine which was an honorary shrine of the 2437:. Some of his later disciples identified him with 2146:now took final form as chanting the Lotus Sutra's 2040:"three thousand realms in a single thought-moment" 1936:, Nichiren wrote detailed condemnations about the 1812:, 1261) and his release from his second exile (to 1808:A middle period bookmarked by his first exile (to 9337:Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma 8863:, Doctrine 6, University of Hawai'i Press, 2010, 8849:, Doctrine 5, University of Hawai'i Press, 2008, 8835:, Doctrine 4, University of Hawai'i Press, 2007, 8821:, Doctrine 3, University of Hawai'i Press, 2004, 8807:, Doctrine 2, University of Hawai'i Press, 2002, 8793:, Doctrine 1, University of Hawai'i Press, 2003, 8389:Buddhist missionaries in the era of globalization 7078:Japan in Transition : From Tokugawa to Meiji 6861:Japan in Transition : From Tokugawa to Meiji 6638: 6582: 6580: 6222: 6059:World religions in America : an introduction 5978:(Second ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. 5488:Nichiren: leader of Buddhist reformation in Japan 4663:"The Uses of Nichiren in Modern Japanese History" 2455:. The Nisshō group began to identify itself as a 2034:One contains all. Nichiren further developed the 1785:. As his life unfolded he engaged in a "circular 1619:, a mortal saint, or an "Original Buddha" of the 12360: 8985:; CD-ROM version, 1999. (Referred to in text as 8647:"Buddhist Chanting in Soka Gakkai International" 8571:. Clarke, Peter B. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. 8030:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 52. 7986: 7984: 5976:Historical dictionary of new religious movements 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5210: 5208: 2234:(1336–1573), which in turn was succeeded by the 2221: 8296:Wilson and Dobbelaere, Bryan and Karel (1994). 7067: 7065: 7063: 6596: 6150:publications. Shinomachi, Tokyo. pp. 1365–1368 6007: 6005: 6003: 5475: 5074: 5072: 5070: 4103:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 627. 4097:Petzold, Bruno (1995). Ichimura, Shohei (ed.). 2887:(Separation of Shinto Deities and Buddhas) and 2626:Buddhist school) in documents they sent to the 2003:beheading and two exiles. His first exile, to 8995:. Nichiren Buddhist Temple of San Jose, 2000. 8607: 8605: 8440:. Jerryson, Michael K. New York. p. 306. 8249:E., Hammond, Phillip; Machacek, David (1999). 7772: 7770: 7697: 7695: 7693: 6997:"Hokke Shinto: Kami in the Nichiren tradition" 6697:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 50–51. 6577: 5411: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4656: 9701: 9280: 8955:The Doctrines and Practice of Nichiren Shoshu 8859:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8845:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8817:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8789:Kyotsu Hori (transl.); Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8777:The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin, Volume II 7981: 7129: 7127: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6192:New religious movements: a documentary reader 5690: 5205: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4971:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4223: 4197:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3062:and according to their own views of Nichiren. 2354:eventually became the head temple of today's 2342:. Nisshō's lineage became the Nisshō or Hama 1907:) led him to harshly criticize Honen and his 1879:, expresses his devotion to the Lotus Sutra. 1711:Nichiren Buddhism originated in 13th-century 1450: 558: 10483:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 8831:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Jay Sakashita (ed.): 8763:The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin, Volume I 8614:Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective 8569:Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective 8552:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8368:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8340:. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. 8281:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7952: 7869:Handbook of contemporary religions in Brazil 7862: 7704:"Two Buddhisms, Three Buddhisms, and Racism" 7060: 6847: 6817:Death and the afterlife in Japanese Buddhism 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6411:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6000: 5891: 5889: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5289:. New York: I. B. Taurus. pp. 479–486. 5149: 5147: 5067: 4729: 4727: 4379:Nichiren (1990). Yampolsky, Philip B (ed.). 3948:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 225. 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3585:20th-century movements and lay organizations 3238: 2953:sect was recognized, the Fuju-Fuse Kōmon-ha. 2807:19th century: From Tokugawa to Meiji periods 2595:in Fuji, and visiting and worshiping at the 2556: 1903:. Nichiren's emphasis on "self-power" (Jpn. 1867:he expounded on 28 April 1253, known as the 8602: 8524:. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 7767: 7690: 7394:Engaged Buddhism: A Skeleton in the Closet? 6553: 6551: 5661: 5659: 5484: 5254:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra, Kindle Edition 4968:The religious traditions of Japan, 500–1600 4953: 4700:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra, Kindle Edition 4599: 3946:World Religions in America: An Introduction 3069: 2697:15th century through the early 19th century 1751:Lotus Sutra devotion, had come to adopt an 1545:with varying recitations of the Lotus Sutra 9708: 9694: 9287: 9273: 8962:Unlocking the Mysteries of Birth and Death 8651:Religions of the United States in practice 8472:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8248: 8136:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7911:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7813:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7520: 7462:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7298:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7232:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7124: 6950:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6679: 6602: 6507:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6302:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5973: 5846:"Nichiren and His Time: Rissho ankoku ron" 5775:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5415:Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy 5342:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5005: 4870: 4827: 4788: 4780:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4633: 4575:Payne, Richard K. (1998). "Introduction". 4568: 4531: 4295: 3974: 1997: 1781:as the culmination and central message of 1457: 1443: 565: 551: 8929:. eds. Cambridge University Press, 1993. 7578: 7477:Tsunesaburo Makiguchi Website Committee. 7246: 6764: 6645:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 6133:. Stanford University Press, 1996. p. 29. 6055:"East Asian religions in today's America" 5886: 5705: 5550: 5144: 4724: 4026: 3715: 3185:Within new social and religious movements 3131: 2881:Under attack by two policies of the day, 2767:, with the consolidation of power by the 2090: 1828:Early stage: From initial studies to 1260 8803:Tanabe Jr., George (ed.), Hori, Kyotsu: 8438:Oxford Handbook of contemporary Buddhism 8150: 8070: 7990: 7925: 7736: 7160: 7071: 6994: 6903: 6548: 6227:. Melbourne, Vic.: Trans Pacific Press. 6011: 5742: 5656: 5412:Carr, Brian; Mahalingam, Indira (2002). 5078: 4607:(2009). "Interpreting the Lotus Sutra". 4472:"Nichiren's View of Nation and Religion" 4463: 4378: 4229: 3836: 3795: 3339:Lists of major schools and organizations 1706: 1696:the three great secret laws (or dharmas) 54: 31: 11670:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 9232:East Asian Religions: Nichiren Buddhism 9147:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 8957:. Nichiren Shoshu Overseas Bureau, 2002 8566: 8315:. Lanham: University Press of America. 7958: 7616: 7601: 7560: 7545: 7425: 7332: 7195: 6259:A cultural history of Japanese Buddhism 6194:. New York: New York University Press. 6052: 5848:. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from 5309: 5111: 4964: 4414: 4322:"Nichiren: Fast Facts and Introduction" 4270: 4096: 4033:Encyclopedia of new religious movements 3997: 2485:claims this specifically refers to the 2193:Which of these writings, including the 14: 12361: 11873:List of Buddhist architecture in China 9170:Nichiren Shōshū-shi no kisoteki kenkyū 9120:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 9111:. New York: E.P. Dutton & company. 9044:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism 8698:. New York: Garland Pub. p. 322. 8644: 8611: 8519: 8382: 8335: 8199: 8103: 7863:Usarski, Frank; Shoji, Rafael (2016). 7701: 7643: 7338: 7133: 6814: 6690: 6363: 6316: 5926: 5644:from the original on 27 September 2016 5284: 5251: 5196:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism 5026: 4697: 4660: 4275:. Oxford University Press. p. v. 3921: 3907:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3889:from the original on 13 September 2016 3458:Honmon Hokke Shū: Daihonzan Myōren-ji 3161:, who refused the religious dictum of 3014:Development in modern Japanese history 2981:Fuji-ha became Honmonshū in Monmonji, 2934:). This school's headquarters was at 2862:(Lotus Shinto), closely influenced by 2582:such as crafting a standing statue of 2157: 2011:)," fulfilling the predictions on the 9689: 9268: 9144:The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy 8919: 8693: 8675:from the original on 20 February 2022 8454:from the original on 20 February 2022 8431: 8413:from the original on 20 February 2022 8230:from the original on 20 February 2022 8181:from the original on 20 February 2022 8052:from the original on 20 February 2022 7893:from the original on 27 December 2019 7776: 7678:from the original on 29 December 2019 7649: 7426:Shields, James Mark (29 April 2016). 7196:Kraemer, Hans M. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6904:Hardacre, Helen (1 November 2016). 6796:from the original on 15 August 2017 6526:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6171:from the original on 6 January 2018 6144:Shim-pan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Dai-Jiten 6018:The Lotus Sutra in Japanese culture 5874:from the original on 8 October 2015 5491:. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Co. 5117: 4504:Nichiren Shoshu and the Soka Gakkai 4454: 4439: 3634:, founded in 1950 by Miyamoto Mitsu 3303:, its third president. In 1975 the 2226:After Nichiren's death in 1282 the 24: 11660:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 8975:Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia 8750: 7432:Buddhism and the political process 7204:. Bentlage, Björn, 1979–. Leiden. 6320:The Buddhist experience in America 6256:Deal, William E. 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Habito, Ruben: 319–320. 3922:Fowler, Jeaneane and Merv (2009). 2453:Identification with Tiantai school 2300:) disciple to lead his community: 2217:Post-Nichiren development in Japan 1763:Development during Nichiren's life 1759:" to understand the sutra itself. 1638: 1600:are Nichiren-inspired lay groups. 25: 12390: 9213: 9164:Shimpan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Daijiten 8901:Die Schriften Nichiren Daishonins 8775:The Gosho Translation Committee: 8761:The Gosho Translation Committee: 8153:"Soka Gakkai: A Human revolution" 7783:Asian American religious cultures 7035: 6976:from the original on 23 June 2018 6102:Shimpan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Daijiten 6014:"The Lotus Sutra in Modern Japan" 5895: 4887: 4830:"Buddhism in the Kamakura period" 4737:The Lotus Sūtra : a biograph 4559: 2250:Development of the major lineages 1973:In it he cites passages from the 1823:directing his movement from afar. 1727:military dictatorship led by the 12341: 12331: 12330: 11888:Thai temple art and architecture 11633:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 9873:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 9739: 9726: 9716: 9353: 9123:Reischauer, August Karl (1917), 9075:(listed in chronological order) 8925:Bowring, Paul. Kornicki, Peter, 8720: 8687: 8638: 8593: 8560: 8520:Alfred, Metraux, Daniel (2001). 8513: 8480: 8425: 8376: 8336:Alfred, Metraux, Daniel (1996). 8329: 8304: 8289: 8242: 8193: 8144: 8097: 8064: 8017: 7919: 7821: 7730: 7610: 7595: 7554: 7539: 7525:. London: Mandala. p. 210. 7514: 7501: 7489:from the original on 1 June 2019 7470: 7419: 7406: 7384: 7375: 7306: 7266:Sawada, Janine Anderson (2004). 6364:Hughes, Seager, Richard (2012). 5745:Finding peace: an Oriental quest 5678:from the original on 2 June 2018 5584:from the original on 2 June 2018 5485:Christensen, Jack Arden (2001). 5463:from the original on 2 June 2018 4577:Re-visioning "Kamakura" Buddhism 4562:The Faces of Buddhism IN America 4482:from the original on 1 July 2018 4352:Lotus Sutra of the Wonderful Law 3499:Nichiren Honshū: Honzan Yōbō-ji 3270: 2747:destroyed temples and the Hokke 2679:Japanese new religious movements 1737:Age of the Latter Day of the Law 598: 93: 12379:Buddhism in the Kamakura period 9740: 9294: 9108:The Creed of Half of Japan 1912 7737:Sorensen, Henrik Hjort (1992). 7259: 7240: 7189: 7175:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. 7102: 7029: 6988: 6958: 6897: 6841: 6808: 6711: 6632: 6515: 6466: 6419: 6357: 6310: 6249: 6216: 6183: 6153: 6136: 6095: 6046: 5967: 5920: 5856: 5838: 5812: 5803: 5783: 5736: 5626: 5596: 5520: 5444: 5405: 5350: 5303: 5278: 5245: 5184: 4918: 4821: 4691: 4593: 4553: 4525: 4494: 4448: 4433: 4408: 4372: 4363: 4344: 4314: 4300:. Signature Books. p. 17. 4289: 4264: 4236:Canonization and Decanonization 4184: 4129: 4090: 4065: 2705:) into the imperial capital of 2507:(meaning unity or harmony) and 11878:Japanese Buddhist architecture 11680:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 10760:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 9951:Places where the Buddha stayed 9510:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra 9344:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra 9117:Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet 7871:. Schmidt, Bettina E. Leiden. 7702:Hickey, Wakoh Shannon (2010). 7507:Till 28 November 1991, when a 5974:Chryssides, George D. (2012). 4965:Bowring, Richard John (2005). 4834:The Cambridge history of Japan 4797:Religions of Japan in practice 4020: 4001:Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet 3915: 3869: 3806:. In Nicholls, William (ed.). 3778: 3680:, founded in Japan in 1930 by 3257:Nichiren: The Buddhist Prophet 3022:during a time of persecution, 2073:Bodhisattva Superior Practices 1510:(1222–1282) and is one of the 13: 1: 11893:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 9260:Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 9251:Buddhism for Beginners series 8874:Selected Writings of Nichiren 8730:. 4 July 2006. Archived from 7112:. Archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de 6366:"triple+refuge"&pg=PA106 5568:Stone, Jacqueline I. (2014). 5285:Urbain, Olivier, ed. (2014). 5219:Selected writings of Nichiren 5085:. Columbia University Press. 4734:Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2016). 4383:Selected writings of Nichiren 3708: 2997:which was popularized by the 2646:and established two temples: 2222:Development in Medieval Japan 1853: 1846: 1719:(English: "New Buddhism") of 539:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism 68: 11650:Buddhism and the Roman world 11626:Decline of Buddhism in India 11621:History of Buddhism in India 9721: Topics in 9236:Shoryo Tarabini (undated). " 9126:Studies in Japanese Buddhism 9022:, Religion Compass, v. 7#10. 8487:Fowler, Jeaneane D. (2009). 8073:Engaged Buddhism in the west 7991:Marshall, Katherine (2013). 7617:Numrich, Paul David (1999). 7602:Prebish, Charles S. (1999). 7563:"Two Buddhisms Reconsidered" 7561:Prebish, Charles S. (1993). 7546:Prebish, Charles S. (1979). 5789:Stone, Jacqueline I. (1990). 5357:Stone, Jacqueline I (2012). 5082:Religion in Japanese History 5079:Kitagawa, Joseph M. (2010). 5027:Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). 4230:Cornille, Catherine (1998). 4136:Stone, Jacqueline I (2012). 4072:Machacek and Wilson (2000). 4004:. Harvard University Press. 3374:Fuju-fuse Nichiren Kōmon Shū 3294:Some have characterized the 1698:" found in the Lotus Sutra. 59:An illustrated image of the 7: 10848:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 10588: 9256:Nichiren Chanting Explained 9151: 8861:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8847:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8833:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8819:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8805:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8791:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8434:"Buddhism in Latin America" 8200:Seager, Richard H. (2006). 8151:Machacek, David W. (2006). 7959:Metraux, Daniel A. (2016). 7521:Montgomery, Daniel (1991). 6053:Ellwood, Robert S. (2003). 5030:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra 4828:Osumi, Kazuyo (1988–1999). 4661:Habito, Ruben L.F. (1994). 4609:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra 4532:Montgomery, Daniel (1991). 3944:. In Neusner, Jacob (ed.). 3696: 3434:Honke Nichiren Shū (Kyōto) 3426:Honke Nichiren Shū (Hyōgo) 3397:法華宗（本門流）大本山光長寺・鷲山寺・本興寺･本能寺 3223:and the Japanese principle 3084:specifically identified as 2960:schools changed their names 2846:was often characterized by 2447:original and eternal Buddha 2211:National Treasures of Japan 1701: 940: 908: 876: 853: 27:Branch of Mahayana Buddhism 10: 12395: 11798:The unanswerable questions 9330:Innumerable Meanings Sūtra 9141:Takakusu, Junjiro (1947), 9114:Anesaki, Masaharu (1916), 8914: 8886:Full disclosure statement: 7708:Journal of Global Buddhism 7167:Gier, Nicholas F. (2016). 6778:Stone, Jacqueline (1994). 6639:Dobbins, James C. (2002). 6223:Shimazono, Susumu (2004). 5706:Matsunaga, Alicia (1988). 5668:"Nichiren's View of Women" 5418:. Routledge. p. 702. 5190:cf. "four dictums" (四箇の格言 5154:Stone, Jacqueline (2013). 4296:Dobbelaere, Karel (1998). 4035:. Routledge. p. 151. 4031:. In Clarke, Peter (ed.). 4027:Shimazono, Susumu (2004). 3998:Anesaki, Masaharu (1916). 3644:Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga 3188: 3147:Shinkō Bukkyō Seinen Dōmei 3073: 2371:Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga 2238:(1573–1600), and then the 2161: 1859:) were to be found in the 1766: 36:A bronze garden statue of 12326: 12278: 12193: 12108: 11883:Buddhist temples in Korea 11806: 11708: 11591: 11288: 11216: 11043: 10916: 10856: 10491: 10446:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 10357: 10349:Three planes of existence 10297: 10142: 10034: 9964: 9956:Buddha in world religions 9818: 9763: 9735: 9648: 9485:Abundant Treasures Buddha 9408: 9362: 9351: 9313: 9307:Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra 9304: 9207:Kyōgaku Yōgo Kaisetsu Shū 8896:Nichiren Buddhism Library 8612:Clarke, Peter B. (2013). 8383:Clarke, Peter B. (2006). 8024:Pinn, Anthony G. (2006). 7353:10.1017/s0034412500011057 7270:. Honolulu. p. 181. 7072:Collcutt, Martin (2014). 5200:Kyōgaku Yōgo Kaisetsu Shū 3924:Chanting in the Hillsides 3686:Soka Gakkai International 3564:Nichirenshū Fuju-fuse-ha 3305:Soka Gakkai International 3239:In culture and literature 3143:New Buddhist Youth League 2650:in the Fuji district and 2557:Origin of the Fuji School 2443:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 2205:, preserved at Shochuzan 2077:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 1681:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 1625:Soka Gakkai International 1605:Soka Gakkai International 1489: 1477: 40:in the Honnoji Temple of 11665:Persecution of Buddhists 10886:Four stages of awakening 10267:Three marks of existence 9853:Physical characteristics 9193:(Referred to in text as 9088:Broughton, B.L. (1936), 8964:, Little, Brown, 1988. 8937:(Referred to in text as 8645:Seager, Richard (2001). 8432:Rocha, Cristina (2016). 7580:10.1558/bsrv.v10i2.15201 6995:Hardacre, Helen (2003). 6524:A dictionary of Buddhism 6012:Hardacre, helen (1989). 5312:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 4927:Philosophy East and West 3600:Fuji Taisekiji Kenshōkai 3480:Shu: Sōhonzan Myōman-ji 3106:League of Blood Incident 3070:As a form of nationalism 2969:based at Myōmanji, Kyoto 2495:holds it represents all 2373:stem from this lineage. 2164:Nichiren § Writings 2063:His three-year exile to 1649:to an object called the 1533:The faith in Nichiren's 11028:Ten principal disciples 9911:(aunt, adoptive mother) 9221:Encyclopædia Britannica 9132:Satomi, Kishio (1923), 9079:Asai, Nissatsu (1893), 9025:Montgomery, Daniel B., 8765:, Soka Gakkai, 2006. 8694:Hurst, Jane D. (1992). 7926:Patrick., Hein (2014). 7841:Cite magazine requires 7777:Hirai, Chishin (2015). 7567:Buddhist Studies Review 7479:"Tsunesaburo Makiguchi" 7110:"Transcultural Studies" 6907:Shinto : a history 6691:Tamura, Yoshio (1989). 6616:Continuum International 6612:Exploring New Religions 6608:"New Forms of Buddhism" 6165:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5796:30 October 2013 at the 5638:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5608:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5532:www.nichirenlibrary.org 3843:Arai, Nissatsu (1893). 2423:. Some schools (called 2360:new religious movements 2084:The Opening of the Eyes 1998:Middle stage: 1261–1273 1832:For more than 20 years 943:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra 11738:Buddhism and democracy 11251:Tibetan Buddhist canon 11246:Chinese Buddhist canon 10478:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 10473:Early Buddhist schools 9201:Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon 9183:Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten 9129:, New York: Macmillan. 9105:Lloyd, Arthur (1912), 8779:, Soka Gakkai, 2006. 7650:Cheah, Joseph (2011). 7412:Pokorny, Lukas (2011). 6970:Encyclopedia of Shinto 6522:Keown, Damien (2003). 6426:Hein, Patrick (2014). 6317:Morgan, Diane (2004). 6122:2 January 2020 at the 5927:Harvey, Peter (2013). 4238:. Brill. p. 284. 4191:Hein, Patrick (2014). 4029:"Daimoku (Invocation)" 3808:Modernity and Religion 3802:Iida, Shotaro (1987). 3594:Bussho Gonenkai Kyōdan 3539:-ha: Sozan Myōkaku-ji 3410:Hokkeshū, Shinmon Ryū 3247:and children's author 3191:Japanese new religions 3132:As a form of socialism 3092:and the conclusion of 3003:Japanese new religions 2421:Content of Lotus Sūtra 2236:Azuchi–Momoyama period 2091:Final stage: 1274–1282 2082:He concludes his work 1970:leader of the nation. 1598:Japanese new religions 1596:also exist while some 973:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra 920:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras 190:Japanese new religions 75: 52: 11748:Eight Consciousnesses 9858:Life of Buddha in art 9605:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī 9552:who becomes a Buddha) 9323:Threefold Lotus Sutra 9046:. Soka Gakkai, 2002, 7995:. London: Routledge. 7036:Stone, Jacqueline I. 6718:Nosco, Peter (1996). 6604:Chryssides, George D. 5896:Stone, Jacqueline I. 5864:"Nichiren Shu Portal" 5451:Dolce, Lucia (1999). 5165:. Rissho University. 4939:10.1353/pew.2004.0043 3771:29 April 2016 at the 3682:Tsunesaburō Makiguchi 3661:, founded in 1938 by 3646:, founded in 1917 by 3402:Hokkeshū, Jinmon Ryū 3394:Hokkeshū, Honmon Ryū 3219:once affiliated with 3159:Tsunesaburo Makiguchi 3155:National Security Act 3030:, the interdependent 2785:Fuju-fuse persecution 2170:Latter Day of the Law 2050:Latter Day of the Law 1707:Nichiren and his time 1665:Latter Day of the Law 1621:third age of Buddhism 1525:capable of attaining 934:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 911:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 855:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 840:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras 58: 35: 12225:East Asian religions 11655:Buddhism in the West 11226:Early Buddhist texts 10841:Four Right Exertions 10307:Ten spiritual realms 9800:Noble Eightfold Path 9548:(daughter of Sāgara 9158:Nichiren Shōshū yōgi 6720:"Keeping the faith: 6618:. pp. 220–223. 5868:www.nichiren-shu.org 5852:on 11 February 2013. 5666:Mori, Ichiu (2003). 4888:Stone, Jacueline I. 4605:Stone, Jacqueline I. 4501:Hurst, Jane (1998). 4470:Sato, Hiroo (1999). 3165:display accepted by 3082:Japanese nationalism 2938:temple and held the 2837:later Tokugawa years 2564:Shuso Gosenge Kiroku 2441:, the leader of the 2435:Identity of Nichiren 2264:Namu-myoho-renge-kyo 2101:Yamanashi Prefecture 2075:, the leader of the 2009:Jpn. Hokke shikidoku 1877:Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō 1721:"Kamakura Buddhism." 685:Bodhisattva Precepts 645:Transcendent Virtues 12348:Religion portal 12095:Temple of the Tooth 11974:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 11013:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 10506:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 10289:Two truths doctrine 10109:Mahapajapati Gotamī 9909:Mahapajapati Gotamī 9495:Majestic Voice King 9471:Never Disrespectful 8977:. Kondansha, 1993, 8880:Letters of Nichiren 6789:. 21/2–3: 231–259. 6559:"Nichiren Buddhism" 6368:Buddhism in America 4357:20 May 2014 at the 3688:founded in 1975 by 3513:Nichiren Kōmon Shū 3488:Nichiren Hokke Shū 3446:Honmon Butsuryū Shū 3418:Hompa Nichiren Shū 3383:Hokke Nichiren Shū 3197:Honmon Butsuryū-shū 2965:Myōmanji-ha became 2289:the year 1288, and 2158:Nichiren's writings 2128:Shizuoka Prefecture 2099:located in today's 1657:Nam-myoho-renge-kyo 1646:Nam-myoho-renge-kyo 1594:Honmon Butsuryū-shū 1542:Nam Myoho Renge Kyo 1356:Regional traditions 895:Lalitavistara Sūtra 870:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra 863:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra 759:Prajñāpāramitā Devī 675:Non-abiding Nirvana 640:Transcendent Wisdom 81:Part of a series on 12270:Western philosophy 11868:Dzong architecture 11690:Vipassana movement 11685:Buddhist modernism 11113:Emperor Wen of Sui 10881:Pratyekabuddhayāna 10814:Threefold Training 10616:Vipassana movement 10332:Hungry Ghost realm 10152:Avidyā (Ignorance) 10099:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 9848:Great Renunciation 9843:Eight Great Events 9725: 9615:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 9600:Maha-Maudgalyayana 9466:Unlimited Practice 8920:Recent scholarship 7483:Religious Reformer 7249:Japanese Religions 4601:Teiser, Stephen F. 3764:Stone, Jaqueline. 3674:, founded in 1980. 3550:: Sozan Minobuzan 3365:Romanized English 3345:Japanese Knowledge 3171:Soka Kyoiku Gakkai 2769:Tokugawa shogunate 2258:(Lotus School) or 2240:Tokugawa shogunate 2232:Ashikaga shogunate 2228:Kamakura shogunate 1930:esoteric teachings 1909:Pure Land Buddhism 1496:), is a branch of 980:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 966:Golden Light Sutra 879:Vimalakirtinirdeśa 695:Bodhisattva stages 660:Consciousness-only 76: 53: 38:Nichiren Daishonin 12369:Nichiren Buddhism 12356: 12355: 11994:Om mani padme hum 11700:Women in Buddhism 11616:Buddhist councils 11486:Western countries 11274:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 11035:Shaolin Monastery 10612:Samatha-vipassanā 10222:Pratītyasamutpāda 10026:Metteyya/Maitreya 9944: 9936: 9928: 9920: 9912: 9904: 9896: 9773:Four Noble Truths 9683: 9682: 9654:Nichiren Buddhism 9461:Superior Practice 9244:Nichiren Buddhism 9017:Metraux, Daniel, 8889: 8322:978-0-7618-2189-2 7548:American Buddhism 7532:978-1-85274-091-7 7523:Fire In The Lotus 7341:Religious Studies 6849:Jansen, Marius B. 6704:978-0-8248-1198-3 6561:. Philtar.ac.uk. 6113:Joshua A. Fogel. 5898:"Nichiren School" 4543:978-1-85274-091-7 4534:Fire In The Lotus 4518:978-0-520-20460-7 4426:978-0-7914-2844-3 4307:978-1-56085-153-0 4282:978-0-19-924039-5 4083:978-0-19-924039-5 3817:978-0-88920-154-5 3640:, founded in 1951 3582: 3581: 3429:本化日蓮宗（兵庫）総本山妙見寺 3349:Nichiren Buddhism 3284:religious studies 3028:Meiji Restoration 2871:Tominaga Nakamoto 2844:Japanese Buddhism 2833:Meiji Restoration 2663:Ikegami Honmon-ji 2636:Classical Chinese 2620:Shakyamuni Buddha 2608:Rissho ankoku ron 2584:Shakyamuni Buddha 2469:(the Buddha, the 2203:Rissho Ankoku Ron 2144:Risshō ankoku ron 1954:Risshō Ankoku Ron 1843:Shakyamuni Buddha 1795:Risshō Ankoku Ron 1731:and later to the 1559:and chanting the 1539:The chanting of 1480:), also known as 1470:Nichiren Buddhism 1467: 1466: 952:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 927:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 902:Samādhirāja Sūtra 625:Mind of Awakening 591:Mahāyāna Buddhism 575: 574: 87:Buddhism in Japan 18:Nichiren Buddhist 16:(Redirected from 12386: 12346: 12345: 12334: 12333: 12173:Sacred languages 12021:Maya Devi Temple 11984:Mahabodhi Temple 11788:Secular Buddhism 11753:Engaged Buddhism 10593: 10441:Tibetan Buddhism 10392:Vietnamese Thiền 9991:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 9942: 9934: 9926: 9918: 9910: 9902: 9894: 9743: 9742: 9730: 9720: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9687: 9686: 9661:Tiantai Buddhism 9500:Śākyamuni Buddha 9357: 9289: 9282: 9275: 9266: 9265: 9096: 8960:Ikeda, Daisaku, 8884: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8724: 8718: 8717: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8609: 8600: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8551: 8543: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8471: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8367: 8359: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8308: 8302: 8301: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8280: 8272: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8135: 8127: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8021: 8015: 8014: 7988: 7979: 7978: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7860: 7851: 7850: 7844: 7839: 7837: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7812: 7804: 7774: 7765: 7764: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7699: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7582: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7518: 7512: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7461: 7453: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7398:. Archived from 7388: 7382: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7297: 7289: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7131: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7069: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6949: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6795: 6784: 6775: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6688: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6600: 6594: 6584: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6506: 6498: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6410: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6301: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6157: 6151: 6140: 6134: 6111: 6105: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6009: 5998: 5997: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5902:Encyclopedia.com 5893: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5801: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5774: 5766: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5713: 5703: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5663: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5565: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5482: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5392: 5363: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5222: 5212: 5203: 5192:shika no kakugen 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5171: 5160: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5120:Deleuze and Asia 5115: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5076: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5024: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4962: 4951: 4950: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4905: 4894: 4885: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4678: 4667: 4658: 4631: 4630: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4457:Engaged Buddhism 4452: 4446: 4445: 4442:Engaged Buddhism 4437: 4431: 4430: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4386: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4171: 4142: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3995: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3858: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3799: 3793: 3782: 3776: 3762: 3659:Risshō Kōsei Kai 3648:Nichidatsu Fujii 3632:Myōchikai Kyōdan 3572:Shōbō Hokke Shū 3466:Honmon Kyōō Shū 3378:不受不施日蓮講門宗本山本覚寺 3362: 3361: 3326:Nihonzan Myohoji 3313:Rissho Kosei Kai 3253:Masaharu Anesaki 3112:who founded the 3024:Haibutsu kishaku 2896:The policies of 2890:haibutsu kishaku 2367:Risshō Kōsei Kai 2291:Kempon Hokke Shu 2209:, is one of the 1893:sokushin jobutsu 1858: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1590:Risshō Kōsei Kai 1491: 1479: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1234:Hongzhi Zhengjue 1051:Tibetan Buddhism 959:Ghanavyūha sūtra 947: 915: 888:Pure Land Sutras 883: 858: 819:Wrathful deities 602: 592: 577: 576: 567: 560: 553: 521:Haibutsu kishaku 97: 78: 77: 73: 70: 46:Teramachi Street 21: 12394: 12393: 12389: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12384: 12383: 12359: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12340: 12322: 12274: 12189: 12104: 11841:Ordination hall 11802: 11704: 11675:Buddhist crisis 11587: 11284: 11236:Mahayana sutras 11212: 11208:Thích Nhất Hạnh 11039: 10912: 10852: 10802:Bodhisattva vow 10487: 10353: 10293: 10252:Taṇhā (Craving) 10187:Five hindrances 10138: 10030: 9960: 9814: 9759: 9731: 9714: 9684: 9679: 9644: 9404: 9358: 9349: 9309: 9300: 9293: 9216: 9154: 9094: 9092:Nichiren Shonin 9073: 8922: 8917: 8883: 8758: 8753: 8751:Further reading 8748: 8747: 8737: 8735: 8726: 8725: 8721: 8706: 8692: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8661: 8643: 8639: 8624: 8610: 8603: 8598: 8594: 8579: 8565: 8561: 8545: 8544: 8532: 8531:978-076181904-2 8518: 8514: 8499: 8498:978-184519258-7 8485: 8481: 8465: 8464: 8457: 8455: 8448: 8447:978-019936239-4 8430: 8426: 8416: 8414: 8399: 8398:978-082482810-3 8381: 8377: 8361: 8360: 8348: 8347:978-076180271-6 8334: 8330: 8323: 8309: 8305: 8298:A Time to Chant 8294: 8290: 8274: 8273: 8261: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8198: 8194: 8184: 8182: 8167: 8149: 8145: 8129: 8128: 8116: 8102: 8098: 8083: 8069: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8038: 8022: 8018: 8003: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7957: 7953: 7938: 7924: 7920: 7904: 7903: 7896: 7894: 7879: 7861: 7854: 7843:|magazine= 7842: 7840: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7822: 7806: 7805: 7793: 7775: 7768: 7753: 7735: 7731: 7721: 7719: 7700: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7664: 7648: 7644: 7629: 7615: 7611: 7600: 7596: 7559: 7555: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7519: 7515: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7485:. Soka Gakkai. 7475: 7471: 7455: 7454: 7442: 7424: 7420: 7411: 7407: 7402:on 31 May 2013. 7390: 7389: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7291: 7290: 7278: 7264: 7260: 7245: 7241: 7225: 7224: 7212: 7194: 7190: 7183: 7165: 7161: 7146: 7132: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7088: 7070: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7018: 7011: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6943: 6942: 6935: 6933: 6918: 6902: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6871: 6853:Rozman, Gilbert 6846: 6842: 6827: 6813: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6782: 6776: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6738: 6716: 6712: 6705: 6689: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6601: 6597: 6585: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6557: 6556: 6549: 6534: 6520: 6516: 6500: 6499: 6487: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6424: 6420: 6404: 6403: 6396: 6394: 6379: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6331: 6315: 6311: 6295: 6294: 6287: 6285: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6235: 6221: 6217: 6202: 6188: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6141: 6137: 6124:Wayback Machine 6112: 6108: 6100: 6096: 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3187: 3167:Nichiren Shoshu 3141:who formed the 3134: 3102:May 15 Incident 3078: 3072: 3016: 2995:Nichiren Shōshū 2956:1891: The five 2884:shinbutsu bunri 2875:Hirata Atsutane 2850:in which local 2815:(1600–1868) to 2809: 2699: 2644:Suruga Province 2634:rather than in 2559: 2483:Nichiren Shoshu 2393:Nichiren Shōshū 2287:Nichiren Shōshū 2285:the year 1281, 2252: 2224: 2219: 2166: 2160: 2126:of present-day 2093: 2000: 1856: 1849: 1830: 1771: 1765: 1757:expedient means 1709: 1704: 1641: 1639:Basic teachings 1633:Nichiren Shōshū 1570:Nichiren Shōshū 1512:Kamakura period 1505:Buddhist priest 1463: 1434: 1433: 1357: 1349: 1348: 1344:Thích Nhất Hạnh 1339:14th Dalai Lama 1274:Abhayākaragupta 1089: 1081: 1080: 996: 986: 985: 834: 832:Mahayana sutras 824: 823: 734: 720: 719: 690:Bodhisattva vow 610: 590: 571: 531: 530: 516:Shinbutsu bunri 441:Shinbutsu-shūgō 401: 393: 392: 368:Murakami Senshō 348:Hasegawa Tōhaku 208: 200: 199: 105: 71: 65:Kamakura period 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12392: 12382: 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R. Ambedkar 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11118:Songtsen Gampo 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11049: 11047: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11037: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10994: 10993: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10922: 10920: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10862: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10850: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10797:Eight precepts 10794: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10686: 10676: 10671: 10670: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10585: 10575: 10570: 10568:Five Strengths 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10534: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10508: 10503: 10497: 10495: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10433: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10395: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10363: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10207:Mental factors 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10148: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10059:Mahamoggallāna 10056: 10051: 10046: 10040: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9974:Avalokiteśvara 9970: 9968: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9947: 9946: 9938: 9930: 9922: 9914: 9906: 9898: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9824: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9775: 9769: 9767: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9713: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9690: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9657: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9595:Mahā-Kātyāyana 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9543: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9421:Avalokiteśvara 9418: 9416: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9400:Ten suchnesses 9397: 9395:Skillful Means 9392: 9387: 9385:Eternal Buddha 9382: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9359: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9302: 9301: 9292: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9253: 9241: 9234: 9229: 9215: 9214:External links 9212: 9211: 9210: 9204: 9198: 9180: 9167: 9161: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9139: 9130: 9121: 9112: 9103: 9100:The Maha-Bodhi 9086: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9065:978-0824827717 9057: 9041: 9023: 9014: 9003: 8990: 8972: 8958: 8952: 8942: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8909:978-3451334542 8898: 8890: 8877: 8871: 8857: 8843: 8829: 8815: 8801: 8787: 8773: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8734:on 10 May 2017 8719: 8704: 8686: 8659: 8637: 8622: 8601: 8592: 8578:978-1136828652 8577: 8559: 8530: 8512: 8497: 8479: 8446: 8424: 8397: 8375: 8346: 8328: 8321: 8303: 8288: 8259: 8241: 8214: 8192: 8165: 8143: 8114: 8096: 8081: 8063: 8036: 8016: 8001: 7980: 7973: 7951: 7936: 7918: 7877: 7852: 7820: 7791: 7779:"Nichiren shū" 7766: 7751: 7729: 7689: 7662: 7642: 7627: 7609: 7594: 7573:(2): 187–206. 7553: 7538: 7531: 7513: 7511:is pronounced. 7500: 7469: 7440: 7418: 7405: 7383: 7374: 7331: 7305: 7276: 7258: 7239: 7210: 7188: 7181: 7159: 7144: 7123: 7101: 7086: 7059: 7028: 7009: 6987: 6966:"Hokke Shinto" 6957: 6916: 6896: 6869: 6840: 6825: 6807: 6763: 6736: 6710: 6703: 6678: 6651: 6631: 6624: 6595: 6576: 6547: 6532: 6514: 6486:978-1400848058 6485: 6465: 6439:978-1443868723 6438: 6418: 6377: 6356: 6329: 6309: 6268: 6248: 6234:978-1876843120 6233: 6215: 6200: 6182: 6152: 6135: 6106: 6094: 6067: 6045: 6026: 5999: 5984: 5966: 5939: 5919: 5885: 5855: 5837: 5811: 5802: 5782: 5753: 5735: 5721:978-0914910282 5720: 5689: 5655: 5625: 5595: 5549: 5519: 5497: 5474: 5443: 5424: 5404: 5374: 5349: 5320: 5302: 5295: 5277: 5262: 5244: 5230:978-0231072601 5229: 5204: 5198:, p. 215, and 5183: 5143: 5128: 5110: 5091: 5066: 5039: 5004: 4977: 4952: 4917: 4869: 4842: 4820: 4805: 4787: 4746: 4723: 4708: 4690: 4632: 4617: 4592: 4586:978-0824820787 4585: 4567: 4552: 4542: 4524: 4517: 4493: 4462: 4459:. p. 367. 4447: 4444:. p. 368. 4432: 4425: 4407: 4397: 4371: 4369:Kenkyusha 1991 4362: 4343: 4326:Religion Facts 4313: 4306: 4288: 4281: 4263: 4245:978-9004112469 4244: 4222: 4203: 4183: 4153: 4128: 4109: 4089: 4082: 4064: 4041: 4019: 3973: 3954: 3929: 3914: 3868: 3835: 3816: 3794: 3790:978-0824820787 3777: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3675: 3669: 3667:Myōkō Naganuma 3656: 3650: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3627:Tanaka Chigaku 3617: 3611: 3597: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3554: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3532: 3531: 3528: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3474: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3356: 3353: 3340: 3337: 3272: 3269: 3261:Uchimura Kanzō 3249:Kenji Miyazawa 3240: 3237: 3207:stemming from 3186: 3183: 3133: 3130: 3118:Kanji Ishiwara 3110:Chigaku Tanaka 3071: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3056: 3041:Yoshiro Tamura 3015: 3012: 3011: 3010: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2947: 2918:denomination. 2898:shibutsu bunri 2864:Yoshida Shintō 2808: 2805: 2801:Sōshiki bukkyō 2709:and as far as 2698: 2695: 2597:Mishima Taisha 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2532: 2501: 2500: 2481:). Currently, 2467:The Three Gems 2463:The Three Gems 2460: 2450: 2439:Visistacaritra 2432: 2418: 2251: 2248: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2092: 2089: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2031: 2030: 1999: 1996: 1942:soteriological 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1817: 1806: 1764: 1761: 1747:, the seat of 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1640: 1637: 1553: 1552: 1546: 1537: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1299:Rangjung Dorje 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269:Ratnākaraśānti 1266: 1261: 1259:Śaṅkaranandana 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1209:Shāntarakshita 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1076:Chung Tai Shan 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 997: 992: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983: 976: 969: 962: 955: 948: 937: 930: 923: 916: 905: 898: 891: 884: 873: 866: 859: 850: 843: 835: 830: 829: 826: 825: 822: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 779:Avalokiteśvara 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 735: 726: 725: 722: 721: 718: 717: 715:Three Turnings 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 670:Three vehicles 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 635:Skillful Means 632: 627: 622: 617: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 595: 594: 586: 585: 573: 572: 570: 569: 562: 555: 547: 544: 543: 542: 541: 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 402: 399: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 388:Suzuki Shunryū 385: 380: 375: 373:Nishida Kitarō 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 209: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 106: 103: 102: 99: 98: 90: 89: 83: 82: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12391: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12337: 12329: 12328: 12325: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12277: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12196: 12192: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12110:Miscellaneous 12107: 12101: 12100:Vegetarianism 12098: 12096: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11995: 11992: 11991: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11922:Buddha in art 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11857: 11854: 11853: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11809: 11805: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11707: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11590: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11576:United States 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11471: 11470: 11467: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11458: 11455: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11403: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11133:Padmasambhava 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11045:Major figures 11042: 11036: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10992: 10991:Western tulku 10989: 10988: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10915: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10888: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10849: 10846: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10837: 10834: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10792:Five precepts 10790: 10789: 10788: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10770:Dhamma vicaya 10768: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10758: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10538:Buddhābhiṣeka 10536: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10490: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10437: 10434: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10296: 10290: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10182:Enlightenment 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10172:Dhamma theory 10170: 10168: 10167:Buddha-nature 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10006:Samantabhadra 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9980: 9977: 9976: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9937: 9931: 9929: 9923: 9921: 9915: 9913: 9907: 9905: 9899: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9711: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9650: 9647: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9547: 9544: 9541: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9456:Pure Practice 9454: 9452: 9451:Firm Practice 9449: 9447: 9446:Samantabhadra 9444: 9442: 9441:Medicine King 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9390:Six Pāramitās 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9375:Buddha-nature 9373: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9361: 9356: 9346: 9345: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9290: 9285: 9283: 9278: 9276: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9245: 9242: 9239: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9218: 9217: 9208: 9205: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9192: 9191:4-00-080093-0 9188: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9178:4-7963-0763-X 9175: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9110: 9109: 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7878:9789004322134 7874: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7857: 7848: 7835: 7834:cite magazine 7824: 7816: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7792:9781598843316 7788: 7784: 7780: 7773: 7771: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7752:9788787062121 7748: 7744: 7740: 7733: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7663:9780199843152 7659: 7655: 7654: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7628:9781572330634 7624: 7620: 7613: 7605: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7465: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7441:9781137574008 7437: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7409: 7401: 7397: 7395: 7387: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7301: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7277:9780824827526 7273: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7211:9789004329003 7207: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7184: 7182:9781498501880 7178: 7174: 7170: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7145:9781851097821 7141: 7137: 7130: 7128: 7111: 7105: 7097: 7093: 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Princeton. 6478: 6477: 6469: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6414: 6408: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6378:9780231159739 6374: 6370: 6369: 6360: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6330:9780313324918 6326: 6322: 6321: 6313: 6305: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6269:9781118608319 6265: 6261: 6260: 6252: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6201:9780814707029 6197: 6193: 6186: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6132: 6131:0-8047-2567-5 6128: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6098: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6068:9780664224752 6064: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6027:9780824811983 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5985:9780810861947 5981: 5977: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5940:9780521859424 5936: 5932: 5931: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5890: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5806: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5786: 5778: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5754:9788193315040 5750: 5746: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5660: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5498:9780875730868 5494: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5479: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5447: 5431: 5427: 5425:9781134960583 5421: 5417: 5416: 5408: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5375:9789004232006 5371: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5321:9781136985881 5317: 5313: 5306: 5298: 5296:9781780768397 5292: 5288: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5263:9780231520430 5259: 5255: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5211: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5194:) entries in 5193: 5187: 5168: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5148: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129:9781443868884 5125: 5121: 5114: 5098: 5094: 5092:9780231515092 5088: 5084: 5083: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5040:9780231520430 5036: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4978:9780521851190 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4843:9780521223546 4839: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4806:9780691057897 4802: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4747:9781400883349 4743: 4740:. Princeton. 4739: 4738: 4730: 4728: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4709:9780231520430 4705: 4701: 4694: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4618:9780231142892 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4588: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4564:. p. 84. 4563: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4497: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4398:9780231072601 4394: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4309: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4204:9781443868723 4200: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4154:9789004232006 4150: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4110:9783447033732 4106: 4102: 4101: 4093: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4048: 4044: 4042:9781134499700 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3961: 3957: 3955:9780664224752 3951: 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3409: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3301:Daisaku Ikeda 3297: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3277:Daisaku Ikeda 3271:Globalization 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932:Minobu monryū 2929: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2842:By this time 2840: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823:) to modern ( 2822: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2184:Nichiren ibun 2181: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2124:Fuji district 2120: 2116: 2114: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005:Izu Peninsula 1995: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962:Hōjō Tokiyori 1959: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:transcendence 1894: 1890: 1889:hongaku shisō 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 483 BC 1844: 1839: 1835: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1810:Izu Peninsula 1807: 1804: 1803:Hōjō Tokiyori 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729:Minamoto clan 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615:status, as a 1613: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1523:Buddha-nature 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1289:Sakya Pandita 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1229:Dahui Zonggao 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1061:Fo Guang Shan 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 994:Major schools 990: 989: 982: 981: 977: 975: 974: 970: 968: 967: 963: 961: 960: 956: 954: 953: 949: 946: 945: 944: 938: 936: 935: 931: 929: 928: 924: 922: 921: 917: 914: 913: 912: 906: 904: 903: 899: 897: 896: 892: 890: 889: 885: 882: 881: 880: 874: 872: 871: 867: 865: 864: 860: 857: 856: 851: 849: 848: 844: 842: 841: 837: 836: 833: 828: 827: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 809:Samantabhadra 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 764:Bhaiṣajyaguru 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 729: 724: 723: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 705:Luminous mind 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 630:Buddha-nature 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 606: 605: 601: 597: 596: 593: 588: 587: 583: 579: 578: 568: 563: 561: 556: 554: 549: 548: 546: 545: 540: 537: 536: 535: 534: 527: 526:Gozan Bungaku 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 436:Honji suijaku 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 397: 396: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 313:Issan Ichinei 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 204: 203: 196: 195:Zen in the US 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 101: 100: 96: 92: 91: 88: 85: 84: 80: 79: 66: 62: 57: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 12288:Bodhisattvas 12208:Christianity 12203:Baháʼí Faith 12068:Dharmachakra 12058:Prayer wheel 12048:Prayer beads 11816:Architecture 11695:969 Movement 11479:Saudi Arabia 11457:Central Asia 11450:South Africa 11272: 11255: 11188:Panchen Lama 11093:Buddhapālita 10689:Satipatthana 10684:Mindful Yoga 10597:Recollection 10511:Brahmavihara 10418: 10382:Japanese Zen 10377:Chinese Chan 10337:Animal realm 10144:Key concepts 9966:Bodhisattvas 9778:Three Jewels 9671: 9665: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9590:Mahā-Kāśyapa 9509: 9415:Bodhisattvas 9343: 9336: 9329: 9321: 9320: 9306: 9296: 9219: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9182: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9143: 9134: 9125: 9116: 9107: 9099: 9091: 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Suzuki 323:Sen no Rikyū 169: 155:Jōdo Shinshū 50:Kyoto, Japan 42:Nichiren Shu 29: 12133:Dharma talk 11962:Asalha Puja 11758:Eschatology 11561:Switzerland 11541:New Zealand 11469:Middle East 11378:Philippines 11298:Afghanistan 11103:Bodhidharma 11088:Buddhaghosa 11008:Householder 10918:Monasticism 10871:Bodhisattva 10726:Prostration 10679:Mindfulness 10607:Anapanasati 10590:Kammaṭṭhāna 10387:Korean Seon 10327:Asura realm 10322:Human realm 10262:Ten Fetters 10217:Parinirvana 10119:Uppalavanna 10084:Mahākaccana 10069:Mahākassapa 10001:Kṣitigarbha 9996:Ākāśagarbha 9893:Suddhodāna 9838:Four sights 9765:Foundations 9561:Dhṛtarāṣṭra 9409:Key figures 9370:Bodhisattva 9297:Lotus Sūtra 9226:Soka Gakkai 8987:Illustrated 8234:20 February 6800:28 February 6397:20 February 6175:15 February 6148:Soka Gakkai 5830:10 December 5682:23 February 5648:23 February 5580:: 153–189. 5397:20 February 4933:: 125–126. 4486:29 December 4350:SGDB 2002, 4336:14 December 4298:Soka Gakkai 4176:20 February 3678:Soka Gakkai 3608:ja:富士大石寺顕正会 3524:: Sōhonzan 3347:article on 3296:Soka Gakkai 3217:Soka Gakkai 3175:Soka Gakkai 3086:Nichirenism 3076:Nichirenism 3060:Lotus Sutra 3045:Nichirenism 2999:Soka Gakkai 2791:During the 2763:During the 2683:Sōka Gakkai 2638:syllabary. 2552:Tathāgata). 2493:Soka Gakkai 2397:Soka Gakkai 2260:Nichirenshū 2138:structure. 2136:conventicle 2065:Sado Island 1861:Lotus Sutra 1814:Sado Island 1787:hermeneutic 1779:Lotus Sutra 1717:Shin Bukkyo 1617:Bodhisattva 1612:Lotus Sutra 1578:Soka Gakkai 1519:Lotus Sutra 1367:Han Chinese 1189:Amoghavajra 1164:Bodhidharma 1154:Candrakīrti 1149:Dharmakīrti 1144:Bhāvaviveka 1099:Ashvaghosha 1088:Key figures 847:Lotus Sūtra 804:Ākāśagarbha 799:Kṣitigarbha 789:Vajrasattva 680:One Vehicle 615:Bodhisattva 406:Nihon Shoki 363:Inoue Enryō 338:Takuan Sōhō 333:Sesshū Tōyō 318:Musō Soseki 248:En no Gyōja 218:Tori Busshi 207:Key figures 72: 1257 61:Lotus Sūtra 12363:Categories 12250:Psychology 12230:Gnosticism 12218:Comparison 12213:Influences 12195:Comparison 12078:Bhavacakra 12036:Kushinagar 12011:Pilgrimage 11957:Māgha Pūjā 11912:Bodhi Tree 11728:Buddhology 11718:Abhidharma 11710:Philosophy 11643:Menander I 11511:Costa Rica 11462:Uzbekistan 11303:Bangladesh 11257:Dhammapada 11241:Pali Canon 11203:Ajahn Chah 11183:Dalai Lama 11083:Kumārajīva 11078:Vasubandhu 11053:The Buddha 10961:Zen master 10896:Sakadagami 10876:Buddhahood 10807:Pratimokṣa 10622:Shikantaza 10578:Meditation 10553:Deity yoga 10424:Madhyamaka 10317:Deva realm 10212:Mindstream 10162:Bodhicitta 10074:Aṅgulimāla 9941:Devadatta 9917:Yaśodharā 9820:The Buddha 9810:Middle Way 9556:Vaiśravaṇa 9542:daughters) 9538:(with ten 9314:Components 9248:Tricycle's 8950:071267456X 8679:1 November 8458:1 November 8417:1 November 8185:1 November 8056:1 November 7324:28 January 7021:1 November 6936:1 November 6857:"Overview" 6756:1 November 6671:1 November 6614:. London: 6592:1852740914 6458:1 November 6349:1 November 6288:1 November 6142:仏敎哲学大辞典 — 6087:1 November 5959:1 November 5878:8 November 5747:. London. 5618:30 January 5588:30 January 5542:30 January 5512:30 January 5467:30 January 5459:. 26/3–4. 5436:1 November 5176:23 January 5103:1 November 5059:1 November 4997:1 November 4910:7 February 4899:. 26/3–4. 4862:1 November 4766:1 November 4683:10 January 4672:. 26/3–4. 4256:1 November 4215:1 November 4121:1 November 4053:1 November 4012:20 October 3966:1 November 3857:25 October 3828:20 October 3709:References 3672:Shōshinkai 3620:Kokuchūkai 3556:日蓮宗祖山身延山 3526:Taiseki-ji 3440:（京都）本山石塔寺 3386:法華日蓮宗総本山 3189:See also: 3114:Kokuchūkai 3098:Kokuchūkai 3074:See also: 3007:shinshūkyō 2989:1900: The 2930:(formerly 2852:nativistic 2848:syncretism 2793:Edo period 2765:Edo period 2739:Hokke-ikki 2687:Shōshinkai 2675:Honmon-Shu 2648:Taiseki-ji 2491:, whereas 2473:, and the 2415:syncretism 2407:Local gods 2391:temple of 2350:Temple in 2320:(日頂), and 2207:Hokekyo-ji 2199:apocryphal 2195:Ongi Kuden 1850: 563 1838:Enryaku-ji 1783:Shakyamuni 1767:See also: 1745:Mount Hiei 1672:meditative 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9863:Footprint 9828:Tathāgata 9640:Yaśodharā 9625:Śāriputra 9585:Kauṇḍinya 9580:Aniruddha 9546:Nāgakanya 9505:Vairocana 9490:Akshobhya 9380:Emptiness 8939:Cambridge 8632:862613119 8587:862613119 8548:cite book 8507:235028985 8468:cite book 8364:cite book 8277:cite book 8224:808600561 8175:230763437 8132:cite book 8124:897907045 8091:844350971 8011:852158691 7946:892799135 7907:cite book 7887:953617964 7809:cite book 7801:895731298 7672:774295742 7589:247885280 7493:2 January 7458:cite book 7450:949365321 7369:170854567 7294:cite book 7286:875895206 7255:(2): 122. 7228:cite book 7220:951955874 7096:884013523 6946:cite book 6926:947145263 6879:884013523 6835:657757860 6569:2 October 6542:574561654 6503:cite book 6495:864788798 6448:892799135 6407:cite book 6387:753913907 6298:cite book 6278:904194715 6104:, p. 1368 5994:828618014 5949:822518354 5771:cite book 5763:974496695 5730:137242947 5384:809194690 5338:cite book 5330:865579062 5272:255015350 5138:893739540 5049:255015350 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