2000:
2012:
79:
339:
2025:
31:
2457:
1645:'composed' over 30 pieces, shaping the cornerstone of the Kinko school's Honkyoku repertoire today. According to Deeg, "the systematisation of certainly already existing elements legitimising Fuke-shu in the Denki, probably originated in the proto-organisation of the Kinko-ryu which was itself starting towards the end of the 18th century. This proto-organisation, with its legend and related musical tradition, consolidated the Fuke-sh as a Zen denomination in its own right."
6499:
6510:
3908:
3895:
3885:
2170:-players, giving it spiritual connotations it never had in Japan. According to Deeg, this spiritualisation "can be comprehended with the aid of two concepts, those of "attaining buddhahood through one sound" (ichion-jōbutsu 一音 成佛) and "the Zen of blowing (the flute)" (suizen 吹禪). refers to "the content of the two published volumes of the Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society (ISS)" as an example. For example:
3765:
47:
1644:
Historically, approximately forty komuso temples across Japan nurtured their unique collections of
Honkyoku. In the 18th century, the master Kurosawa Kinko (1710–71), the founder of the Kinko-ryu, embarked on a journey to these temples, seeking out local compositions. He meticulously 'arranged' or
1688:
Nevertheless, according to Deeg, "Hisamatsu’s texts contain amazingly few "Zenist" expressions and instead focus on the actual practice of the playing of the instrument." According to Deeg, Hisamatsu's "spiritualisation and aesthetization" has to be understood in the context of the laicization of
1409:
had to report back to the central government about conditions in the provinces, a practice which helped seal the group's demise when the government itself fell. The authenticity of this decree was in doubt, despite it being treated as legitimate and amended by future leaders within the shogunate.
1631:
had lost their usefulness as spies, due to the peaceful life-circumstances created by the
Tokugawa shogunate, which no longer tolerated their privileges. Playing the shakuhachi lost its distinguishing feature, as lay-people from the richer classes learned to play the instrument, a development
1648:
Kinko's influence extended beyond musical creation; he played a pivotal role in introducing Fuke shakuhachi teachings to lay practitioners, fostering the ascent of Fuke shakuhachi in the
Japanese cultural landscape while supplanting its precursor, the hitoyogiri shakuhachi. Kinko was also
2283:
the rare privilege to freely travel the country without hindrance; one reason doing so may have been an interest on behalf of the shogunate to receive first-hand information about conditions in the provinces, the collection of such information made possible by the concealed nature of the
3262:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Robin Hartshorne and Kazuaki Tanahashi, “The hitori mondo of Hisamatsu Fuyo,”pp. 41-45. Reproduced in full in Gutzwiller 2005 (see footnote 3, above), pp. 175-188 (German and Japanese text), with a comprehensive analysis on pp. 149-155.
1934:
and Myōan-ji, the latter being the former headquarters of the Fuke sect. Many Rinzai monks still practice as komusō during certain celebrations in former Fuke-shū temples that have, since the 19th century, reverted to traditional Rinzai Zen. Notable temples include
1788:
Several smaller schools persisted, often stemming from local Fuke temples preserving fragments of the original repertoire, and small associations and organizations work to continue this musical tradition in the modern era. Notable
Honkyoku schools are:
1999:
1137:(1795), a forged Governmental Decree and a fictional origin-narrative, respectively. Historical research by Nakazuka Chikozan in the 1930s showed the spurious nature of these texts, and a revised history has emerged since then, as set out by
1929:
organizes annual meetings for hundreds of shakuhachi players, Rinzai clerics, and Fuke Zen enthusiasts. The related Myōan
Society, as well as other small groups throughout Japan. KZHK and the Myōan Society operate from their base temples of
2445:(本曲, "original pieces") comprises a repertoire of solo compositions for the shakuhachi, rooted in the heritage of the Fuke Sect of Zen Buddhism. They were initially cultivated for the solicitation of alms by solitary wandering mendicants.
867:
The 18th and 19th century saw a popularization of shakuhachi-playing among lay-people, accompanied by the interpretation and legitimation of this laicization in spiritual and esthetical terms derived from the Zen-tradition, to which the
1535:." It was published at a time when the komusō faced difficulties and started to lose privileges, and its publication may have been an attempt to strengthen their position. The legend itself seems to be older, already mentioned in the
1752:
as a secular instrument. No attempts were made by the
Buddhist mainstream to re-establish the sect, possibly due to its marginal position and the loose connection to the Rinzai-shu, and the laicization of shakuhachi-practice.
1403:, most likely for political reasons. To be given a free pass in these times was a highly unusual and very special exemption from travel restrictions, and rumors from the period held that in return for this privilege the
1421:
as a way to identify them, a provision missing from the shorter versions. They were not recognized as a legal monastic entity beyond these token exemptions by the shogunate, and were not eligible to participate in the
3200:
Stanley Sadie; John
Tyrrell "Japan. SII, 5(ii): Emergence of the Modern Shakuhachi In The New Grove Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan, 2001. Volume #8:
2277:, which completely covered their head like an overturned basket. The idea was that the wearing of such a hat removed the ego of the wearer, whilst also concealing their identity. Further, the government granted the
1967:
At least several particular individuals in modern times have been known to pursue temporary itinerant lifestyles as komusō, for spiritual or learning purposes. Hõzan Murata, a famous shakuhachi player, maker, and
1623:, but after the mid-18th century restrictions watered down, and non-samurai who could pay the entrance fee were also admitted. Discipline laxed, and members joined who were only attracted by the privileges of the
1566:. According to legend, Puhua roamed the streets ringing a bell while preaching. A man named Zhang Bai asked to become Puhua's student, but was rejected. He then made an instrument of bamboo to imitate the bell.
3848:
2475:
1740:
ceased to exist as a semi-religious institute. It was prohibited by the Meiji-administration during its persecution of
Buddhist institutions. The Meiji government attempted to continue the
931:
were abolished in 1867, like other
Buddhist organisations. Interest in their music style stayed alive in secular audiences, and a number of the pieces they composed and performed, called
1705:, but "a strategy of legitimation for a more and more bourgeois musical tradition of the late Tokugawa-period", harking back to an (imagined) glorious Zen-past. According to Deeg, the
2473:
1584:(心地覚心) (1207–1298), also known as Muhon Kakushin (無本覺心) and posthumously as Hotto Kokushi (法燈國師). Kakushin had travelled in China for six years and studied with the famous Chinese
1257:
were initially a loose affiliation of monks and lay pilgrims, but solidified as an organized group in the 1600s. After the civil wars of the 15th–16th century, masterless samurai (
1661:, the playing of the shakuhachi. According to Deeg, "The only extant writing which really has Zen-inspired content was composed by Hisamatsu Masagoro Fuyo (1790–1845)", namely
1357:(Governmental Decree of the Keichô Years, 1596–1615), a falsified decree signed 1614 but actually dated to around 1680, intended to lend legitimacy to already existing
2474:
1338:
were transferred to two temples in Edo, where they could better be controlled. A directive from the government from 1677 marks this recognition, and control over, the
2631:
The earliest list of the repertoire is dated to the first half of the 18th century, and the compositions do not contain direct references to the terminology of the
1774:
Grandmasters Araki Kodo II (Chikuo I) and
Yoshida Ittcho successfully petitioned the new government to allow secular shakuhachi music to continue. Practice of the
1748:
was banned entirely for four years by the Meiji government, after which it was decreed that secular playing was permitted, and practitioners went on to teach the
1709:
served also as a legitimation of this laicization, or "bourgoisization", which explains why householders have such a prominent place in its fabricated lineage.
1911:
The major schools of shakuhachi music that survive to today come from two guilds: the Meian and Kinko. These guilds are a synthesis of two sects of an earlier
3504:
1701:, "assistant flutists related to the (Fuke-)shu", mainly training lay-people. Deeg concludes that the spiritalization is not a development from within the
1595:
Yet, no mention is made in Kakushin's diaries of the shakuhachi, and the four "disciples" who purportedly returned with him to Japan were just servants. No
4649:
1603:
seems to have been a Japanese creation. Typically, its "members" had no doctrines or scriptures, nor any parishioners, and Fuke-adherents rarely chanted
5564:
4039:
1574:
1806:
1523:
does not appear before the 19th century, and the sect has never been officially acknowledged as a distinct Zen-school. The name is derived from the
1880:
1869:
1858:
3750:
3553:
2728:: "Here, he speaks of “going all the way with intellect and then going beyond intellect” on the path to enlightenment. He distinguishes the form (
5568:
1657:
Deeg notes that in the 19th century there was a process of laicization, spiritualization and aesthatization of the distinguishing feature of the
5792:
3186:
6550:
4009:
1592:(無門) of the Linji lineage. Kakushin became a disciple of the lay-teacher Chôsan, who claimed to be a 16th generation dharma-heir of Puhua.
2502:
The following Honkyoku make up what is now known as the Kinko Ryu Shakuahchi Honkyoku Repertoire, the pieces played by the Kinko school:
1902:
808:
4117:
3852:
3874:
3785:
1370:
Several versions of this document exist, which can be divided in short and long versions, reflecting the power-struggle between the
953:(薦僧; literally "straw-mat monks"). By the mid-17th century, different characters were used for the same pronunciation, resulting in
3394:
6384:
5836:
3554:"Komusō and "Shakuhachi-Zen": From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist denomination in the Edo Period"
6039:
4019:
3847:
Komuso and "Shakuhachi-Zen" From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist denomination in the Edo Period
3751:
Komuso and "Shakuhachi-Zen": From Historical Legitimation to the Spiritualisation of a Buddhist Denomination in the Edo Period
3604:
3119:
2958:
1780:
survived thanks to these efforts, and documentation of the musical repertoire of the performers survived through the period.
1231:, predecessors of the later "priests of nothingness", were poor beggar monks without any social status in society. The later
3838:
4202:
4044:
6580:
6555:
6545:
6379:
3301:"Komuso and Shakuhachi-Zen From Historical Legitimation to Spiritualisation of a Buddhist Denomination in the Edo Period"
6276:
5826:
3921:
3630:
Deconstructing Traditional Japanese Music: A Study on Shakuhachi, Historical Authenticity and Transmission of Tradition
1376:
and the government. The short versions show that the government designated the institutionalisation for the lodging of
309:
6570:
4122:
3694:
3587:
3488:
3084:
1320:
was recognized as a temple in the early 17th century, at the beginning of the Edo period. While first a subtemple of
6369:
2948:
6054:
5799:
838:("priest of nothingness" or "monk of emptiness") were wandering non-monastic lay Buddhists from the warrior-class (
769:
3640:"Analysis of Transmission in Japanese Traditional Art Forms: Part 2, A Comprehensive study of Shakuhachi Lineages"
3508:
1527:, a text in classical Chinese that was published in 1795 together with a Japanese translation and commentary, the
6446:
6436:
4265:
3628:
801:
438:
1984:, known for his innovations with and revitalization of the shakuhachi repertoire, and the popularization of the
6391:
6044:
5846:
5737:
5682:
4255:
2210:
pieces are traditionally played in the manner of a personal spiritual practice and not as a public performance.
664:
3779:
1275:
took place during the first half of the 17th century, and the Tokugawa Shogunate tightened its control of the
6361:
6059:
5742:
4034:
3867:
782:
3478:
6565:
5944:
5816:
5787:
5489:
1972:(grandmaster), lived as a komusō for 8 months in 1974. Perhaps the most well known contemporary komusō are
1328:, founded by Kakushin, was forged, and officially acknowledged in 1767; a move which was apologized in the
2635:, indication that the incorporation of Zen-philosophy, or "shakuhachi-Zen", is a 19th-century phenomenon.
1632:
accompanied by the development of a Zen-derived spiritual narrative, building on the Zen-narrative of the
714:
6575:
5635:
5544:
5014:
4659:
4172:
4067:
3380:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Christopher Blasdel, “The Shakuhachi: Aesthetics of a single tone,” p. 13.
5179:
3467:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Ralph Samuelson, “Toward an understanding of Shakuhachi Honkyoku,” p. 33.
3455:, Volume 1. Ed. Dan E Mayers : Christopher Blasdel, “The Shakuhachi: Aesthetics of a single tone,” p. 14
17:
6484:
5964:
5440:
4926:
4049:
3882:
3568:
2190:
794:
659:
262:
5374:
3769:
6374:
6187:
6177:
6049:
5032:
4612:
4373:
4348:
2466:
2246:) worn on the head, manifesting the absence of specific ego but also useful for traveling incognito.
2179:
669:
4398:
1363:-practices. Presented with this forgery, the shogunate eventually accepted it, to provide refuge to
1287:
and other deviant groups, "extending authority through the Buddhist institutions". In response, the
1188:("straw-mat monks", named after the straw sleeping-mats which they carried along), which played the
6479:
5831:
5645:
5623:
5616:
5519:
5052:
4672:
4488:
4433:
4054:
3860:
3730:
3673:
Pope, Edgar W. (2000). "The Shakuhachi, the Fuke-shu, and the Scholars: a Historical Controversy".
3615:
3594:
1918:
The Myoan Kyokai stands as a significant bastion of this tradition, but lack organizational unity.
1485:
and other pieces, but it does not mention any of the pieces considered to be the "three classics" (
2166:
According to Deeg, the image of "shakuhachi-Zen" as a spiritual practice is reinforced by western
6560:
6416:
6396:
5727:
5707:
5464:
5194:
4438:
1579:
3076:
1673:(海靜法語, "Dharma-words of the silent sea", 1838). Hisamatsu Fuyo frequently uses expressions like
378:
6535:
6426:
6266:
5934:
5904:
5677:
5628:
5469:
5417:
5412:
5174:
4995:
4892:
4644:
4639:
4388:
433:
302:
4756:
1956:, and players who learn all 60 songs of the tradition can be certified as shakuhachi masters.
1614:
1433:-associated "temple-lodges", early 17th century, their number decreased, as membership of the
6431:
6401:
5982:
5914:
5747:
5662:
5657:
5581:
5576:
5494:
4024:
1293:"banded together and formed a sect", members of which, by their own regulations had to be of
654:
5047:
2011:
78:
6454:
6421:
6406:
5924:
5821:
5767:
5652:
5591:
5559:
5554:
5539:
5524:
5514:
5479:
5392:
5084:
5007:
4310:
4250:
3999:
3966:
3916:
3326:
3103:
Death and Social Order in Tokugawa Japan: Buddhism, Anti-Christianity, and the Danka System
704:
684:
6294:
4909:
4778:
4704:
4580:
4318:
3782:
1952:
Members of the general public can learn to play the shakuhachi at the dojo at Icchoken in
373:
8:
6261:
6140:
5974:
5949:
5939:
5899:
5876:
5759:
5732:
5692:
5611:
5601:
5529:
5456:
4887:
4744:
4525:
4503:
4455:
4275:
4075:
3931:
3911:
4235:
4162:
1839:
924:, but also ushered in the "bourgeoisization" of shakuhachi-playing in the 18th century.
576:
6324:
6229:
6071:
6034:
6029:
5959:
5909:
5856:
5851:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5702:
5687:
5672:
5667:
5606:
5586:
5549:
5474:
5279:
4980:
4904:
4782:
4724:
4565:
4465:
4393:
4368:
4014:
3944:
3718:
3664:
Mau, C.T. (2018). "Gathering to Study: the Case of the Myoan Shakuhachi's Benkyo-kai".
3125:
3069:
2160:
2042:
were characterized in the public imagination of Japan by their playing of solo pieces,
1953:
1946:
1744:, but the komusō were outlawed as they were not a part of this system. Practice of the
1718:
1400:
1237:, on the other hand, had to be of samurai family, even though the practice of teaching
252:
6123:
937:, are preserved, played, and interpreted in the popular imagination as a token of Zen-
611:
591:
6540:
6502:
6464:
6160:
6145:
6108:
6093:
5866:
5782:
5697:
5534:
5499:
5484:
5211:
5201:
4882:
4729:
4714:
4585:
4508:
4428:
4363:
4295:
4182:
3939:
3804:
3690:
3600:
3583:
3484:
3115:
3080:
2954:
2024:
1733:
1467:(Collection of Pieces for beginners on Strings and Bamboo, 1664). This text mentions
1075:
413:
398:
338:
330:
295:
30:
5446:
4240:
4140:
3827:
1973:
1417:
were also given exclusive right to play the instrument during the Edo period by the
631:
456:
6150:
6103:
6098:
5954:
5919:
5894:
5889:
5640:
5596:
5509:
5184:
4840:
4833:
4617:
4607:
4493:
4157:
4029:
3817:
3794:
3710:
3107:
1821:
764:
596:
581:
5229:
2950:
The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics
6514:
6459:
6411:
6339:
6209:
6007:
5987:
5929:
5841:
5504:
5402:
5249:
4985:
4968:
4953:
4931:
4483:
4353:
4187:
4167:
3842:
3832:
3789:
2363:
1563:
1100:
759:
5259:
4413:
4403:
1585:
566:
511:
6469:
6172:
6022:
5804:
5384:
5364:
5284:
4973:
4963:
4897:
4734:
4220:
4083:
3441:
3043:
2643:
Recordings of the complete honkyoku of the Kinko School have been recorded by
2617:
At least three additional pieces were later added to the Kinko-Ryu repertoire:
1608:
616:
215:
124:
2342:
to accompany their primary flute, possibly as a replacement for the samurai's
606:
561:
491:
6529:
6239:
6088:
5397:
5299:
5157:
4958:
4936:
4872:
4543:
4338:
4333:
4225:
3894:
1981:
1817:
1681:(竹禅一如), and "bamboo and Zen are one and the same"; the shakuhachi is called
1532:
1104:
993:), "priest of nothingness" or "monk of emptiness". The first two characters,
679:
556:
403:
393:
148:
58:, was the head temple of the Fuke sect, founded by the komusō Kyochiku Zenji.
4697:
4687:
4059:
3129:
3101:
6329:
6314:
6284:
6234:
6224:
6066:
5861:
5354:
5189:
5067:
4855:
4850:
4677:
4548:
4423:
3884:
2102:
1940:
1741:
1615:
Codification, laicization, spiritualization and decline (18th–19th century)
1559:
1423:
938:
917:
754:
734:
626:
167:
5112:
5097:
5057:
4754:
4418:
3994:
2113:
means eight, which in this case represents a measure of eight-tenths of a
1931:
1243:
to townspeople had become very popular already in the early 18th century.
724:
178:
55:
6299:
6128:
5269:
5254:
5037:
4845:
4773:
4553:
4383:
4285:
4132:
4004:
3111:
1891:
1506:
941:, continuing the narrative which developed in the 18th and 19th century.
649:
621:
461:
353:
6289:
4749:
3822:
1912:
1192:, and are depicted in paintings and texts from around 1500 onwards. The
428:
423:
183:
51:
6244:
6202:
6078:
5884:
5809:
5423:
5407:
5369:
5349:
5244:
5219:
5127:
5062:
5042:
4788:
4719:
4590:
4473:
4443:
4378:
4328:
3986:
3976:
3949:
3722:
2695:
2668:
2494:
2311:
2272:
2144:
2088:
2076:
1936:
1745:
1729:
1390:
1312:
lodge at Shirakata in Kyoto was chosen as its headquarters, calling it
902:
857:
847:
699:
481:
240:
220:
193:
5264:
4260:
3351:
2382:
from their belt – a container for medicine, tobacco and other items –
6219:
6192:
5359:
5234:
4946:
4862:
4739:
4629:
4602:
4595:
4558:
4515:
4478:
4245:
4210:
4177:
4152:
4107:
3701:
Sanford, James H. (1977). "Shakuhachi Zen. The Fuke-shu and Komuso".
3657:
Situating the Myōan Kyōkai: A Study of Suizen and the Fuke Shakuhachi
3639:
2700:
2405:
2345:
1246:
749:
408:
5992:
4828:
4682:
4448:
4230:
4099:
4091:
3714:
3687:
The Zen Teachings of Master Lin-Chi: A Translation of the Lin-chi lu
3505:""Komuso: Japanese Zen Priest", 2008 article by David Michael Weber"
3395:"The Shakuhachi of the Komuso: A Tradition Alive and Well in Hakata"
3300:
739:
521:
471:
6509:
6349:
6304:
6249:
6214:
6118:
5777:
5344:
5339:
5289:
5224:
5142:
5107:
5102:
4763:
4634:
4622:
4533:
4192:
3889:
3735:
2732:) of shakuhachi music played for entertainment from the emptiness (
2678:
2673:
2362:), would be pitched in rough equivalence to the D or D flat in the
1985:
1771:
729:
541:
245:
225:
5334:
5324:
5309:
5132:
5002:
4270:
1298:
843:
719:
526:
496:
476:
466:
418:
235:
99:
6254:
6197:
6182:
5329:
5319:
5294:
5169:
5164:
5122:
5092:
5024:
4990:
4877:
4818:
4813:
4667:
4570:
4408:
4358:
4145:
3971:
1949:
holds one of remaining temples where Komusō continue to perform.
1531:, "to create a legitimate affiliation between the komusō and the
1294:
860:(1600–1868) they obtained various rights and privileges from the
839:
674:
506:
388:
4941:
4709:
3480:
Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan, 1600-1868
501:
486:
6334:
6319:
6155:
6017:
5997:
5772:
5434:
5314:
5304:
5239:
4867:
4823:
4808:
4798:
4768:
4692:
4575:
4343:
4215:
3959:
3954:
3764:
2683:
2397:
2385:
2325:
2299:
2237:
2159:, ('Zen of blowing (the flute)'), and interpreted as a form of
1980:("empty bell"), in reference to the legend of Puhua (Fuke)—and
1418:
1217:
975:
846:) who were noted for wearing straw basket hats and playing the
744:
694:
689:
601:
571:
383:
363:
257:
3106:. Vol. 282 (1 ed.). Harvard University Asia Center.
1316:. A temple was needed to be regarded as a religious sect, and
1301:, the sect gained the reputation of harbouring troublemakers.
6474:
6309:
6167:
6133:
6113:
6083:
6012:
5429:
5274:
5152:
5147:
5117:
5072:
4919:
4914:
4793:
4498:
4323:
4290:
4280:
2663:
2053:
1976:—who famously carried on the tradition of dubbing shakuhachi
1926:
1756:
1604:
1589:
1551:
1096:
920:. This narrative legitimized the existence and rights of the
906:
709:
586:
546:
536:
531:
516:
368:
358:
110:
1332:. At the request of the government, the headquarters of the
42:) and playing the shakuhachi, as depicted by J. M. W. Silver
6344:
5137:
4803:
4300:
3170:
3168:
2979:
2391:
2377:
2150:
1347:
The purportedly oldest document granting privileges to the
551:
2182:
through a single note – became an important aspect of the
46:
34:
A komusō (monk of the Fuke sect) wearing a basket hat (天蓋
6002:
4538:
3423:
2690:
143:
3165:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2534:
a) Kokū Kaete (Ikkan-ryū) 虚空替手 (一関流) b) Banshikichō 盤渉調
2434:, a box used for collecting alms and holding documents.
2107:
is an old unit of measure close to 1 foot (30 cm).
1649:
instrumental in the spiritualization of the shakuhachi.
3580:
Zen's Chinese Heritage: The Masters and Their Teachings
3327:"Japanese music - Koto, Traditional, Folk | Britannica"
2905:
2903:
2890:
2888:
2837:
2835:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2204:
According to Ralph Samuelson, for suizen practitioners
2201:(religious tool) "to enter the realm of enlightenment".
1761:
1214:
was regarded by some as an instrument for court music (
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2383:
2375:
2369:
2357:
2351:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2249:
2241:
2205:
2186:
sect's ‘blowing Zen’ as it developed in later periods.
2154:
2142:
2136:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2043:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1775:
1652:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1446:
1404:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1358:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1148:
1120:
1030:
1009:
986:
978:
954:
3270:
3268:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3194:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3020:
3018:
2720:
According to Robin Hartshorne and Kazuaki Tanahashi,
27:
Wandering medicants recognized by their flute-playing
3666:
Community Music in Oceania: Many Voices, One Horizon
3226:
3224:
3222:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2900:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2832:
2779:
2767:
1550:
pictured a lineage back to the eccentric Zen master
1444:
1208:-playing monks, and it is recorded that in 1518 the
3411:
1677:(一音成仏(佛), "to achieve enlightenment by one sound",
1202:. There is no evidence of any earlier tradition of
3465:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3453:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3378:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3307:
3280:
3265:
3260:The Annals of the International Shakuhachi Society
3236:
3204:
3191:
3136:
3068:
3015:
2967:
1689:shakuhachi-practice, with all the teachers of the
1389:Travel around Japan was heavily restricted in the
1247:Institutionalization and privileges (17th century)
3833:The Systemisation of the Musical Language of the
3373:
3371:
3219:
3003:
2991:
2915:
2868:
2847:
2754:Or 'the expression of awakening in a single note'
1721:government revoked all formal privileges for the
6527:
3596:The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music
3477:Nishiyama, Matsunosuke; Groemer, Gerald (1997).
3476:
3153:
1991:
1050:meaning "nothing, without". The last character,
2255:
2220:
2075:that covered their entire head as they went on
2061:
1164:were beggar-monks with unshaved heads known as
1082:
1051:
1036:
1015:
994:
960:
905:lineage starting with the eccentric Zen master
877:
822:
3368:
2510:Taki-ochi no Kyoku (Taki-otoshi no Kyoku) 瀧落の曲
2262:
2229:
2125:are made of bamboo and can be very expensive.
2068:
1073:
1058:
1043:
1022:
1001:
967:
886:
831:
3868:
3689:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
3037:
3035:
3033:
1639:
1304:Simple lodges provided accommodation for the
802:
303:
4650:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
3542:
3536:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism
3174:
2060:, while wearing a large woven basket hat or
1619:Initially, membership was restricted to the
1099:), an eccentric Zen master mentioned in the
872:nominally belonged. In the 19th century the
3483:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 124.
2724:("Self-questioning") bears a similarity to
949:Wandering musicians were known at first as
856:('Zen of blowing (the flute)'). During the
54:temple in Kyoto. Myōan-ji, a subsidiary of
3875:
3861:
3622:. Translated by Christopher Yomei Blasdel.
3030:
1757:Secular popularisation (19th–20th century)
809:
795:
310:
296:
3633:(PhD Dissertation). Stockholm University.
3616:"The Shakuhachi. History and Development"
3613:
3388:
3386:
2826:
1184:merged in the late 15th century into the
1142:
3066:
2023:
2010:
1998:
1669:(獨問答, "Monologous dialogues", 1823) and
1386:, and instructing them to act as spies.
1297:descent. Due to the temperaments of the
1119:The understanding of the history of the
45:
29:
5837:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
3700:
2330:-like garment worn over the shoulders.
2302:– especially of a five-crested, formal
1138:
1035:) meaning "nothing, empty, false", and
14:
6528:
6040:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3637:
3626:
3592:
3533:
3383:
3352:"The International Shakuhachi Society"
3044:"The International Shakuhachi Society"
2934:
2879:
2862:
2841:
2638:
2448:
2214:
2099:flute derives its name from its size.
1959:
1783:
1455:The oldest documentation of any named
1324:, in the 18th century a relation with
1014:) mean "nothingness, emptiness", with
3856:
3582:. Wisdom Publications, Boston, 2000.
3392:
2946:
2507:Hifumi—Hachigaeshi no Shirabe 一二三鉢返の調
2485:piece recorded by Araki Kodō III
2174:According to Blasdel, the concept of
1712:
1599:-school is known from China, and the
6551:Defunct schools of Buddhism in Japan
3672:
3551:
3429:
3417:
3313:
3286:
3274:
3247:
3230:
3213:
3159:
3147:
3024:
2985:
2973:
2909:
2894:
2773:
3663:
3659:(PhD thesis). University of London.
3654:
3099:
3009:
2997:
1653:Hisamatsu Masagoro Fuyo (1790–1845)
1573:, Fuke Zen was brought to Japan by
1393:, but the longer versions gave the
901:(1795), which created a fictitious
24:
5827:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3753:, Japanese Religion 32 (1–2), 7-38
3743:
3543:Buswell; Lopes (2014). "Fukeshu".
3349:
3041:
2455:
1685:(法器), "instrument of the dharma".
25:
6592:
3757:
2356:, usually a 1.8 size instrument (
2240:(a sedge or reed hood known as a
6508:
6498:
6497:
6055:Thai temple art and architecture
5800:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
4040:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3906:
3893:
3883:
3763:
3644:Journal of East Asian Identities
3545:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
3298:
2947:Brunn, Stanley D. (2015-02-03).
2736:) of Zen instrumental practice."
2493:Problems playing this file? See
2471:
1665:(獨言, "Monologue", before 1830),
1627:. By the late 18th-century, the
337:
77:
3907:
3593:Hughes, David W. (2017-02-03).
3497:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3435:
3343:
3319:
3292:
3253:
3180:
3093:
3060:
2748:
2739:
2714:
2269:, a type of woven straw hat or
2048:("fundamental pieces"), on the
1437:was strictly restricted to the
1129:had long been dominated by the
897:, after the publication of the
876:-tradition became known as the
6045:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5847:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4927:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
4118:Places where the Buddha stayed
3778:(a.k.a. The Record of Rinzai)
3638:Linder, Gunnar Jinmei (2017).
3627:Linder, Gunnar Jinmei (2012).
2940:
2236:were characterized by a straw
1730:fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate
1693:, who were not fully ordained
1562:, a clowneske figure from the
1269:. Several uprisings involving
850:bamboo flute, nowadays called
13:
1:
6060:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
3668:. University of Hawai' Press.
3547:. Princeton University Press.
3538:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
3187:Fuke Shakuhachi Official Site
3075:. Osprey publishing. p.
3067:Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005).
2760:
2422:, hand-and-forearm covers, a
2056:), a practice known today as
2015:A Buddhist monk begging as a
1344:, as a distinct institution.
783:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
5817:Buddhism and the Roman world
5793:Decline of Buddhism in India
5788:History of Buddhism in India
3888: Topics in
1380:, limiting and policing the
1367:and gain control over them.
1222:), not for religious music.
944:
7:
5015:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4755:
3835:Fukezen Shakuhachi Honkyoku
3567:(1–2): 7–38. Archived from
2657:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2390:shin coverings above their
2384:
2376:
2370:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2221:
2206:
2155:
2143:
2137:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2062:
2044:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1776:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1447:
1405:
1395:
1382:
1372:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1334:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1121:
1083:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1016:
1010:
995:
987:
979:
961:
955:
878:
823:
10:
6597:
6581:Japanese words and phrases
6556:Buddhism in the Edo period
6546:Japanese traditional music
5965:The unanswerable questions
3776:The Zen Teaching of Rinzai
3675:Journal of Hokusei Jr. Col
3526:
3175:Buswell & Lopes (2014)
3071:Warriors of Medieval Japan
2191:Christopher Yohmei Blasdel
2086:
1640:Kurosawa Kinko (1710–1771)
1429:While there were over 120
1399:a rare exemption from the
1114:
1111:, meaning school or sect.
263:Traditional Japanese music
6493:
6445:
6360:
6275:
6050:Buddhist temples in Korea
5973:
5875:
5758:
5455:
5383:
5210:
5083:
5023:
4658:
4613:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
4524:
4516:Three planes of existence
4464:
4309:
4201:
4131:
4123:Buddha in world religions
3985:
3930:
3902:
3534:Baroni, Helen J. (2002).
3393:Inoue, Mai (2021-09-30).
2410:headband, covered by the
2263:
2230:
2128:
2069:
1915:guild of komusō priests.
1859:Kurihara (Einosuke) Kinpu
1074:
1059:
1044:
1023:
1002:
968:
887:
832:
6571:Japanese styles of music
5832:Persecution of Buddhists
5053:Four stages of awakening
4434:Three marks of existence
4020:Physical characteristics
3731:Shin Meikai kokugo jiten
3614:Kamisango, Yuko (1988).
2708:
2647:Araki Kodo V (Chikuo II)
2582:Sagari Ha no Kyoku 下り葉の曲
2082:
1923:Kyochiku Zenji Hosan Kai
1413:In the longer versions,
1135:Kyotaku denki Kokuti Kai
1065:, means "priest, monk".
5195:Ten principal disciples
4078:(aunt, adoptive mother)
3655:Mau, Christian (2014).
2612:Kotobuki no Shirabe 寿の調
2336:would wear a secondary
1992:Characteristics of the
1814:Chikushinkai (Dokyoku)
5905:Buddhism and democracy
5418:Tibetan Buddhist canon
5413:Chinese Buddhist canon
4645:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4640:Early Buddhist schools
2988:, p. 27, note 64.
2594:Akebono no Shirabe 曙の調
2570:Shimotsuke Kyorei 下野虚霊
2460:
2428:tassel, and carried a
2035:
2021:
2008:
1855:Nezasa Ha / Kimpu Ryū
1822:Yokoyama Katsuya 横山 勝也
434:Japanese new religions
107:Kyochiku Zenji/Kichiku
59:
43:
5915:Eight Consciousnesses
4025:Life of Buddha in art
3818:Kinko Ryū information
3738:Co., Ltd., Tokyo 1974
3100:Hur, Nam-lin (2007).
2459:
2027:
2014:
2002:
1732:and the start of the
1500:Kyorei/Shin no Kyorei
1488:Mukaiji/Mukaiji reibo
49:
33:
6392:East Asian religions
5822:Buddhism in the West
5393:Early Buddhist texts
5008:Four Right Exertions
4474:Ten spiritual realms
3967:Noble Eightfold Path
3823:Kinko Ryū repertoire
3772:at Wikimedia Commons
3685:Watson, Burton; tr.
3432:, p. 9, note 4.
3112:10.2307/j.ctt1tg5pht
2603:Kotoji no Kyoku 琴柱の曲
2597:Akebono Sugagaki 曙菅垣
2579:Sayama Sugagaki 佐山菅垣
2546:Yūgure no Kyoku 夕暮の曲
2178:– the attainment of
1831:Tajima Tadashi 田嶋直士
1541:Shichiku Shoshin-shû
1464:Shichiku shoshin-shū
1196:came to be known as
1160:Predecessors of the
864:, the ruling elite.
6566:Zen art and culture
6515:Religion portal
6262:Temple of the Tooth
6141:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
5180:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
4673:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
4456:Two truths doctrine
4276:Mahapajapati Gotamī
4076:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3703:Monumenta Nipponica
2639:Complete recordings
2624:Azuma no Kyoku 吾妻の曲
2606:Kinuta Sugomori 砧巣籠
2600:Ashi no Shirabe 芦の調
2567:Sanya Sugagaki 三谷菅垣
2552:Uchikae Kyorei 打替虚霊
2522:Shizu no Kyoku 志図の曲
2513:Akita Sugagaki 秋田菅垣
2449:Kinko Ryū Repertory
2215:Disguise and outfit
1850:Ozaki Shinryu 尾崎真龍
1784:Present-day schools
1728:In 1871, after the
1515:(18th–19th century)
1176:, mentioned in the
1156:(14th–16th century)
1095:(Chinese- Zhenzhou
325:Part of a series on
65:Part of a series on
6576:Japanese musicians
6437:Western philosophy
6035:Dzong architecture
5857:Vipassana movement
5852:Buddhist modernism
5280:Emperor Wen of Sui
5048:Pratyekabuddhayāna
4981:Threefold Training
4783:Vipassana movement
4499:Hungry Ghost realm
4319:Avidyā (Ignorance)
4266:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
4015:Great Renunciation
4010:Eight Great Events
3892:
3841:2017-11-07 at the
3828:Dokyoku repertoire
3788:2009-05-08 at the
3749:Deeg, Max (2007),
3561:Japanese Religions
3552:Deeg, Max (2007).
3331:www.britannica.com
2609:Tsuki no Kyoku 月の曲
2588:Shika no Tōne 鹿の遠音
2543:Yoshiya Reibo 吉野鈴慕
2540:Kinsan Kyorei 琴三虚霊
2461:
2153:is known today as
2052:(a type of bamboo
2036:
2022:
2009:
1818:Watazumi Doso 海童道祖
1713:Abolishment (1871)
1445:Oldest documented
1401:Tokugawa shogunate
927:The rights of the
253:Tokugawa shogunate
60:
44:
6523:
6522:
6161:Om mani padme hum
5867:Women in Buddhism
5783:Buddhist councils
5653:Western countries
5441:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
5202:Shaolin Monastery
4779:Samatha-vipassanā
4389:Pratītyasamutpāda
4193:Metteyya/Maitreya
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
3940:Four Noble Truths
3768:Media related to
3606:978-1-351-69760-6
3121:978-0-674-02503-5
2960:978-94-017-9376-6
2585:Namima Reibo 波間鈴慕
2573:Meguro-jishi 目黒獅子
2564:Sōkaku Reibo 巣鶴鈴慕
2561:Reibo Nagashi 鈴慕流
2528:Mukaiji Reibo 霧海箎
2519:Kyūshū Reibo 九州鈴慕
2516:Koro Sugagaki 転菅垣
2476:
2364:twelve-tone scale
2163:, "meditation").
1921:The contemporary
1909:
1908:
1847:Myoan Shinpo Ryū
1734:Meiji Restoration
1569:According to the
1355:Keichō Okite Gaki
1133:(c.1680) and the
1131:Keichô Okite Gaki
819:
818:
331:Buddhism in Japan
320:
319:
16:(Redirected from
6588:
6513:
6512:
6501:
6500:
6340:Sacred languages
6188:Maya Devi Temple
6151:Mahabodhi Temple
5955:Secular Buddhism
5920:Engaged Buddhism
4760:
4608:Tibetan Buddhism
4559:Vietnamese Thiền
4158:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3887:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3802:Hisamatsu Fūyō.
3767:
3726:
3682:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3634:
3623:
3610:
3578:Ferguson, Andy.
3575:
3573:
3558:
3548:
3539:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3507:. Archived from
3501:
3495:
3494:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3350:Nelson, Ronald.
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3202:
3198:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3134:
3133:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3074:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3042:Nelson, Ronald.
3039:
3028:
3022:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2913:
2912:, p. 33-36.
2907:
2898:
2897:, p. 31-32.
2892:
2883:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2827:Kamisango (1988)
2824:
2777:
2776:, p. 29-32.
2771:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2718:
2621:Kumoi Jishi 雲井獅子
2576:Ginryū Kokū 吟龍虚空
2555:Igusa Reibo 葦草鈴慕
2478:
2477:
2458:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2361:
2355:
2350:; their primary
2349:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2316:, as well as an
2315:
2307:
2297:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2209:
2158:
2148:
2140:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2047:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1925:(KZHK) group in
1840:Miyata Kohachiro
1792:
1791:
1779:
1762:Survival of the
1679:chikuzen ichinyo
1583:
1575:Shinchi Kakushin
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1461:piece is in the
1460:
1450:
1408:
1398:
1385:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1180:(c.1330). These
1143:Kamisango (1988)
1124:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1004:
998:
992:
984:
973:
971:
970:
964:
958:
892:
890:
889:
883:
837:
835:
834:
828:
811:
804:
797:
765:Haibutsu kishaku
341:
322:
321:
312:
305:
298:
221:Edo period Japan
129:Chang Po/Chōhaku
81:
62:
61:
50:The entrance to
21:
6596:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6507:
6489:
6441:
6356:
6271:
6008:Ordination hall
5969:
5871:
5842:Buddhist crisis
5754:
5451:
5403:Mahayana sutras
5379:
5375:Thích Nhất Hạnh
5206:
5079:
5019:
4969:Bodhisattva vow
4654:
4520:
4460:
4419:Taṇhā (Craving)
4354:Five hindrances
4305:
4197:
4127:
3981:
3926:
3898:
3881:
3843:Wayback Machine
3790:Wayback Machine
3760:
3746:
3744:Further reading
3741:
3715:10.2307/2384045
3607:
3571:
3556:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3442:Ichi-on Jobutsu
3440:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3403:
3401:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3229:
3220:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3146:
3137:
3122:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3040:
3031:
3023:
3016:
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2916:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2861:
2848:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2660:
2641:
2615:
2549:Sakai Jishi 栄獅子
2537:Shin Kyorei 真虚霊
2500:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2451:
2440:
2402:sandals, and a
2260:
2227:
2217:
2176:ichi on jōbutsu
2135:The playing of
2133:
2091:
2085:
2066:
1997:
1965:
1807:Sakai Chikuho I
1786:
1768:
1759:
1715:
1655:
1642:
1617:
1577:
1564:Record of Linji
1539:(1628) and the
1517:
1494:Kokū/Kokū Reibo
1453:
1249:
1158:
1117:
1101:Record of Linji
1087:
1071:
1056:
1041:
1020:
999:
965:
947:
884:
829:
815:
775:
774:
760:Shinbutsu bunri
685:Shinbutsu-shūgō
645:
637:
636:
612:Murakami Senshō
592:Hasegawa Tōhaku
452:
444:
443:
349:
316:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6594:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6561:Buddhist music
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6505:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6281:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6072:Greco-Buddhist
6064:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6023:Burmese pagoda
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5805:Greco-Buddhism
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5738:United Kingdom
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:Czech Republic
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5562:
5557:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5447:Abhidharmadīpa
5444:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:B. R. Ambedkar
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Songtsen Gampo
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4964:Eight precepts
4961:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4752:
4742:
4737:
4735:Five Strengths
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4374:Mental factors
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Mahamoggallāna
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4141:Avalokiteśvara
4137:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3773:
3759:
3758:External links
3756:
3755:
3754:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3727:
3709:(4): 411–440.
3698:
3683:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3635:
3624:
3611:
3605:
3590:
3576:
3574:on 2013-04-08.
3549:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3496:
3489:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3434:
3422:
3420:, p. 8-9.
3410:
3382:
3367:
3356:www.komuso.com
3342:
3318:
3306:
3291:
3279:
3264:
3252:
3235:
3218:
3203:
3190:
3179:
3164:
3152:
3135:
3120:
3092:
3085:
3059:
3048:www.komuso.com
3029:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2959:
2939:
2914:
2899:
2884:
2867:
2846:
2844:, p. 103.
2831:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:Yamaguchi Goro
2651:
2648:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:Izu Reibo 伊豆鈴慕
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:Kokū Reibo 虚空
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2359:I shaku ha sun
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2197:was used as a
2187:
2149:in return for
2132:
2127:
2087:Main article:
2084:
2081:
1996:
1990:
1974:Kokū Nishimura
1964:
1958:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:Higuchi Taizan
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:Kanemoto Seien
1867:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1714:
1711:
1675:ichion jobutsu
1654:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1616:
1613:
1609:Buddhist texts
1516:
1505:
1452:
1443:
1248:
1245:
1157:
1147:
1139:Sanford (1977)
1116:
1113:
946:
943:
817:
816:
814:
813:
806:
799:
791:
788:
787:
786:
785:
777:
776:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
632:Suzuki Shunryū
629:
624:
619:
617:Nishida Kitarō
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
334:
333:
327:
326:
318:
317:
315:
314:
307:
300:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
284:Kyotaku Denki
281:
273:
272:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
249:
248:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
216:Buddhist music
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
199:
196:
191:
190:
189:
186:
176:
173:
170:
165:
159:
158:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
138:
137:
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
125:Kinko Kurosawa
122:
119:
116:
113:
108:
105:
102:
97:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
67:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6593:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:Rinzai school
6534:
6533:
6531:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6504:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6277:Miscellaneous
6274:
6268:
6267:Vegetarianism
6265:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
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6201:
6199:
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6189:
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6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6089:Buddha in art
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5743:United States
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Padmasambhava
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5212:Major figures
5209:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5158:Western tulku
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4959:Five precepts
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Dhamma vicaya
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:Buddhābhiṣeka
4703:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4349:Enlightenment
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Dhamma theory
4337:
4335:
4334:Buddha-nature
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Samantabhadra
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:Kyotaku Denki
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3695:0-231-11485-0
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:. Routledge.
3598:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3588:0-86171-163-7
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3511:on 2014-04-26
3510:
3506:
3500:
3492:
3490:0-8248-1736-2
3486:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3316:, p. 33.
3315:
3310:
3302:
3295:
3289:, p. 32.
3288:
3283:
3277:, p. 31.
3276:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3250:, p. 30.
3249:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3216:, p. 29.
3215:
3210:
3208:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3150:, p. 28.
3149:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3086:1-84176-864-2
3082:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3063:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3027:, p. 35.
3026:
3021:
3019:
3012:, p. 76.
3011:
3006:
3000:, p. 52.
2999:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2976:, p. 34.
2975:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2936:
2935:Hughes (2017)
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:Linder (2017)
2876:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2863:Linder (2012)
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2652:
2650:Aoki Reibo II
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2634:
2633:Kyotaku denki
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:Kyō Reibo 京鈴慕
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2484:
2468:
2467:Shika no Tōne
2446:
2444:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2225:
2224:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:According to
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:enlightenment
2177:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:Watazumi Doso
1979:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1960:Contemporary
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:Hitori-gotoba
1660:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1571:Kyotaku denki
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Kyotaku denki
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:Boro-no Techô
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Kyotaku denki
1522:
1514:
1510:
1509:Kyotaku denki
1504:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1330:Kuotaku Denki
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1263:) joined the
1261:
1255:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1225:The earliest
1223:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1107:Buddhist and
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1018:
1012:
997:
991:
990:
983:
982:
977:
963:
957:
952:
942:
940:
936:
935:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:Kyotaku denki
896:
882:
881:
875:
871:
865:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
845:
841:
827:
826:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
792:
790:
789:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:
771:
770:Gozan Bungaku
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
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686:
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681:
680:Honji suijaku
678:
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563:
560:
558:
557:Issan Ichinei
555:
553:
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548:
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543:
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538:
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468:
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460:
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455:
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448:
447:
440:
439:Zen in the US
437:
435:
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430:
427:
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420:
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412:
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308:
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291:
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285:
282:
280:
279:Boro-no-Techō
277:
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270:
269:
264:
261:
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72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
6455:Bodhisattvas
6375:Christianity
6370:Baháʼí Faith
6235:Dharmachakra
6225:Prayer wheel
6215:Prayer beads
5983:Architecture
5862:969 Movement
5646:Saudi Arabia
5624:Central Asia
5617:South Africa
5439:
5422:
5355:Panchen Lama
5260:Buddhapālita
4856:Satipatthana
4851:Mindful Yoga
4764:Recollection
4678:Brahmavihara
4549:Japanese Zen
4544:Chinese Chan
4504:Animal realm
4311:Key concepts
4133:Bodhisattvas
3945:Three Jewels
3834:
3805:Hitori Mondō
3803:
3796:
3775:
3729:
3706:
3702:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3643:
3629:
3619:
3595:
3579:
3569:the original
3564:
3560:
3544:
3535:
3513:. Retrieved
3509:the original
3499:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:
3377:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:
3345:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:
3321:
3309:
3294:
3282:
3259:
3255:
3233:, p. 9.
3182:
3155:
3130:j.ctt1tg5pht
3102:
3095:
3070:
3062:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3005:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2953:. Springer.
2949:
2942:
2769:
2750:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:Hitori Mondō
2721:
2716:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2627:Sugagaki 菅垣
2616:
2501:
2492:
2482:
2442:
2441:
2416:. They wore
2368:
2308:style – and
2292:
2248:
2222:
2218:
2198:
2194:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2134:
2129:
2092:
2057:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2028:Sketch of a
1993:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1945:
1941:Ichigatsu-ji
1922:
1920:
1917:
1910:
1828:Jikishō Ryū
1803:Chikuho Ryū
1787:
1769:
1763:
1749:
1742:Danka system
1737:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:Hitori-mondo
1666:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:Danka system
1414:
1412:
1388:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1346:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1250:
1224:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1108:
1092:
1068:
1067:
988:
980:
950:
948:
939:spirituality
933:
932:
928:
926:
921:
913:
910:
898:
894:
891:, Fuke sect)
879:
873:
869:
866:
861:
852:
851:
824:
820:
755:Danka system
665:Architecture
627:D. T. Suzuki
567:Sen no Rikyū
399:Jōdo Shinshū
283:
278:
230:
168:Ichigatsu-ji
70:
39:
35:
6300:Dharma talk
6129:Asalha Puja
5925:Eschatology
5728:Switzerland
5708:New Zealand
5636:Middle East
5545:Philippines
5465:Afghanistan
5270:Bodhidharma
5255:Buddhaghosa
5175:Householder
5085:Monasticism
5038:Bodhisattva
4893:Prostration
4846:Mindfulness
4774:Anapanasati
4757:Kammaṭṭhāna
4554:Korean Seon
4494:Asura realm
4489:Human realm
4429:Ten Fetters
4384:Parinirvana
4286:Uppalavanna
4251:Mahākaccana
4236:Mahākassapa
4168:Kṣitigarbha
4163:Ākāśagarbha
4060:Suddhodāna
4005:Four sights
3932:Foundations
3734:(新明解国語辞典),
3430:Deeg (2007)
3418:Deeg (2007)
3399:Fukuoka Now
3299:Deeg, Max.
3287:Deeg (2007)
3275:Deeg (2007)
3248:Deeg (2007)
3231:Deeg (2007)
3214:Deeg (2007)
3160:Deeg (2007)
3148:Deeg (2007)
3025:Pope (2000)
2986:Deeg (2007)
2974:Pope (2000)
2910:Pope (2000)
2895:Deeg (2007)
2842:Baroni 2002
2774:Deeg (2007)
2591:Hōshōsu 鳳将雛
1947:Hakata Ward
1892:Nakao Tozan
1699:shuen josui
1671:Kaisei-hogo
1578: [
1178:Tsurezurega
650:Nihon Shoki
607:Inoue Enryō
582:Takuan Sōhō
577:Sesshū Tōyō
562:Musō Soseki
492:En no Gyōja
462:Tori Busshi
451:Key figures
198:Shukugawara
6530:Categories
6417:Psychology
6397:Gnosticism
6385:Comparison
6380:Influences
6362:Comparison
6245:Bhavacakra
6203:Kushinagar
6178:Pilgrimage
6124:Māgha Pūjā
6079:Bodhi Tree
5895:Buddhology
5885:Abhidharma
5877:Philosophy
5810:Menander I
5678:Costa Rica
5629:Uzbekistan
5470:Bangladesh
5424:Dhammapada
5408:Pali Canon
5370:Ajahn Chah
5350:Dalai Lama
5250:Kumārajīva
5245:Vasubandhu
5220:The Buddha
5128:Zen master
5063:Sakadagami
5043:Buddhahood
4974:Pratimokṣa
4789:Shikantaza
4745:Meditation
4720:Deity yoga
4591:Madhyamaka
4484:Deva realm
4379:Mindstream
4329:Bodhicitta
4241:Aṅgulimāla
4108:Devadatta
4084:Yaśodharā
3987:The Buddha
3977:Middle Way
3650:: 117–127.
3515:2014-04-26
3404:2023-12-27
3361:2023-12-27
3336:2023-12-27
3053:2023-12-27
3010:Mau (2018)
2998:Mau (2014)
2761:References
2669:Shakuhachi
2495:media help
2394:socks and
2353:shakuhachi
2339:shakuhachi
2195:shakuhachi
2168:shakuhachi
2145:shakuhachi
2122:shakuhachi
2096:shakuhachi
2089:Shakuhachi
2077:pilgrimage
2050:shakuhachi
1970:dai-shihan
1937:Kokutai-ji
1888:Tozan Ryū
1877:Taizan Ha
1866:Seien Ryū
1777:shakuhachi
1766:-tradition
1764:shakuhachi
1750:shakuhachi
1746:shakuhachi
1560:Tang China
1533:Rinzai-shu
1529:Kokuji Kai
1391:Edo period
1308:, and the
1240:shakuhachi
1211:shakuhachi
1205:shakuhachi
1190:shakuhachi
1103:a Chinese
918:Tang China
903:Rinzai Zen
858:Edo period
848:shakuhachi
705:Zen garden
700:Death poem
644:Key topics
622:Shaku Sōen
271:Literature
241:Shakuhachi
194:Kokutai-ji
149:Rinzai-shū
136:Philosophy
111:Fuke/Puhua
6485:Festivals
6465:Buddhists
6427:Theosophy
6230:Symbolism
6220:Hama yumi
6193:Bodh Gaya
5960:Socialism
5935:Evolution
5910:Economics
5748:Venezuela
5663:Australia
5658:Argentina
5582:Sri Lanka
5577:Singapore
5495:Indonesia
5457:Countries
5398:Tripiṭaka
5360:Ajahn Mun
5235:Nagarjuna
5230:Aśvaghoṣa
5113:Anagārika
5108:Śrāmaṇerī
5103:Śrāmaṇera
5098:Bhikkhunī
5058:Sotāpanna
4947:Passaddhi
4888:Offerings
4863:Nekkhamma
4740:Iddhipada
4660:Practices
4630:Theravada
4603:Vajrayana
4596:Yogachara
4566:Pure Land
4479:Six Paths
4466:Cosmology
4246:Anuruddha
4221:Sāriputta
4211:Kaundinya
4203:Disciples
4178:Vajrapāṇi
4030:Footprint
3995:Tathāgata
3314:Deeg 2007
2406:hachimaki
2346:wakizashi
2305:mon-tsuki
1954:Hakata-ku
1932:Tōfuku-ji
1903:Ueda Hodo
1899:Ueda Ryū
1772:Kinko Ryu
1725:in 1847.
1691:Kinko-ryu
1607:or other
1519:The name
1470:Kyō Renbo
1326:Kōkoku-ji
1084:Fuke sect
976:romanized
945:Etymology
750:Senjafuda
725:Ikkō-ikki
201:Kokuzo-do
188:Zenkei-in
179:Tōfuku-ji
175:Kokoku-ji
118:Zhang Bai
56:Tōfuku-ji
6541:Fuke Zen
6503:Category
6432:Violence
6402:Hinduism
6350:Sanskrit
6305:Hinayana
6290:Amitābha
6250:Swastika
6119:Uposatha
6109:Holidays
6094:Calendar
5940:Humanism
5778:Kanishka
5768:Timeline
5592:Thailand
5560:Kalmykia
5555:Buryatia
5540:Pakistan
5525:Mongolia
5520:Maldives
5515:Malaysia
5480:Cambodia
5345:Shamarpa
5340:Nichiren
5290:Xuanzang
5225:Nagasena
5143:Rinpoche
4873:Pāramitā
4715:Devotion
4635:Navayana
4623:Dzogchen
4586:Nichiren
4534:Mahayana
4526:Branches
4404:Saṅkhāra
4153:Mañjuśrī
4110:(cousin)
4102:(cousin)
4070:(mother)
4062:(father)
4050:Miracles
4000:Birthday
3917:Glossary
3890:Buddhism
3839:Archived
3812:Honkyoku
3786:Archived
3736:Sanseido
3681:: 31–44.
2679:Hotchiku
2674:Honkyoku
2658:See also
2483:honkyoku
2443:Honkyoku
2438:Honkyoku
2319:o-kuwara
2231:虚無僧/こむそう
2207:honkyoku
2138:honkyoku
2045:honkyoku
1986:hotchiku
1913:Fuke-shū
1809:初世酒井 竹保
1798:Founder
1719:Tokugawa
1601:Fuke-shū
1543:(1664).
1521:Fuke-shū
1513:Fuke-shū
1511:and the
1458:honkyoku
1448:honkyoku
1415:komuso's
1322:Reiho-ji
1318:Myōan-ji
1314:Myōan-ji
1170:boroboro
1162:komuso's
1127:Fuke-shu
1125:and the
1076:Japanese
1069:Fuke-shū
934:honkyoku
895:Fuke Zen
880:Fuke-shū
730:Butsudan
695:Nenbutsu
542:Nichiren
429:Shugendo
424:Fuke-shū
414:Nichiren
394:Jōdo-shū
246:Hotchiku
226:Honkyoku
184:Myōan-ji
172:Icchoken
164:Reiho-ji
104:Kakushin
96:Ichirōsō
52:Myōan-ji
18:Fuke-shū
6480:Temples
6460:Buddhas
6422:Science
6412:Judaism
6407:Jainism
6325:Lineage
6285:Abhijñā
6255:Thangka
6198:Sarnath
6183:Lumbini
6104:Funeral
6099:Cuisine
5975:Culture
5950:Reality
5900:Creator
5890:Atomism
5760:History
5733:Ukraine
5693:Germany
5612:Senegal
5602:Vietnam
5530:Myanmar
5330:Shinran
5320:Karmapa
5295:Shandao
5265:Dignāga
5190:Śrāvaka
5170:Donchee
5165:Kappiya
5123:Sayadaw
5093:Bhikkhu
5068:Anāgāmi
5025:Nirvana
4991:Samadhi
4878:Paritta
4819:Tonglen
4814:Mandala
4769:Smarana
4750:Mantras
4698:Upekkha
4668:Bhavana
4618:Shingon
4571:Tiantai
4424:Tathātā
4414:Śūnyatā
4409:Skandha
4399:Saṃsāra
4394:Rebirth
4369:Kleshas
4359:Indriya
4261:Subhūti
4146:Guanyin
4100:Ānanda
4092:Rāhula
3972:Nirvana
3912:Outline
3723:2384045
3527:Sources
3201:833-834
2254:wore a
2141:on the
2119:. True
2034:(right)
1978:kyotaku
1836:Mu Ryû
1795:School
1621:samurai
1588:master
1482:Yoshino
1439:samurai
1353:is the
1295:samurai
1174:boronji
1115:History
1091:, from
981:komusou
840:samurai
715:Daimoku
675:Hongaku
670:Temples
660:Deities
597:Sakuden
507:Shinran
457:Shōtoku
389:Shingon
354:Jōjitsu
348:Schools
6475:Sutras
6470:Suttas
6335:Siddhi
6320:Koliya
6295:Brahmā
6210:Poetry
6156:Mantra
6146:Kasaya
6018:Pagoda
5998:Kyaung
5993:Vihāra
5988:Temple
5930:Ethics
5773:Ashoka
5723:Sweden
5718:Poland
5713:Norway
5703:Mexico
5688:France
5673:Canada
5668:Brazil
5607:Africa
5587:Taiwan
5550:Russia
5475:Bhutan
5435:Vinaya
5315:Naropa
5305:Saraha
5240:Asanga
4996:Prajñā
4905:Refuge
4868:Nianfo
4829:Tertön
4824:Tantra
4809:Ganana
4799:Tukdam
4725:Dhyāna
4693:Mudita
4688:Karuṇā
4581:Risshū
4576:Huayan
4509:Naraka
4449:Anattā
4444:Dukkha
4439:Anicca
4344:Dharma
4296:Channa
4231:Ānanda
4216:Assaji
4183:Skanda
4086:(wife)
4055:Family
4035:Relics
3960:Sangha
3955:Dharma
3950:Buddha
3770:Komusō
3721:
3693:
3620:Komuso
3603:
3586:
3487:
3128:
3118:
3083:
2957:
2726:suizen
2696:Rinzai
2684:Suizen
2431:gebako
2413:tengai
2398:waraji
2386:kyahan
2371:Komusō
2333:Komusō
2326:rakusu
2300:kimono
2295:Komusō
2287:komusō
2280:komusō
2257:tengai
2251:Komusō
2243:tengai
2238:basket
2223:komusō
2193:, the
2161:dhyana
2156:suizen
2130:Suizen
2063:tengai
2058:suizen
2040:komusō
2031:komusō
2018:komusō
2005:Komusō
1994:komusō
1962:komusō
1842:宮田耕八朗
1738:komusō
1736:, the
1723:komusō
1703:kosumo
1695:komuso
1659:komuso
1634:komuso
1629:komuso
1625:komuso
1605:sutras
1451:(1664)
1435:komuso
1431:komuso
1419:Bakufu
1406:komusō
1396:komusō
1383:komusō
1373:komusō
1360:komusō
1350:komusō
1341:komusō
1335:komusō
1310:komoso
1306:komoso
1290:komusō
1284:komusō
1266:komusō
1254:komusō
1234:komusō
1228:komosō
1218:gagaku
1199:komusō
1194:komosō
1186:komosō
1166:boro's
1154:komosō
1122:komusō
989:komuso
974:(also
962:Komusō
956:komusō
951:komosō
929:komusō
922:komusō
874:komusō
870:komusō
862:bakufu
853:suizen
825:Komusō
745:Kanjin
740:Kaichō
690:Gongen
602:Tenkai
572:Rennyo
522:Ninshō
472:Saichō
404:Rinzai
384:Tendai
364:Sanron
258:Suizen
231:Komusō
208:Topics
157:Places
86:People
71:Komusō
40:tengui
36:tengai
6447:Lists
6315:Kalpa
6310:Iddhi
6173:Music
6168:Mudra
6134:Vassa
6114:Vesak
6084:Budai
6030:Candi
6013:Stupa
5945:Logic
5698:Italy
5597:Tibet
5535:Nepal
5505:Korea
5500:Japan
5490:India
5485:China
5430:Sutra
5385:Texts
5335:Dōgen
5325:Hōnen
5310:Atiśa
5275:Zhiyi
5185:Achar
5153:Tulku
5148:Geshe
5133:Rōshi
5118:Ajahn
5073:Arhat
5033:Bodhi
5003:Vīrya
4920:Sacca
4915:Satya
4910:Sādhu
4898:Music
4841:Merit
4834:Terma
4794:Zazen
4730:Faith
4683:Mettā
4364:Karma
4324:Bardo
4291:Asita
4281:Khema
4271:Upāli
4256:Nanda
4094:(son)
4068:Māyā
4045:Films
3922:Index
3719:JSTOR
3572:(PDF)
3557:(PDF)
3126:JSTOR
2730:jitsu
2709:Notes
2701:Ōbaku
2664:Puhua
2419:tekou
2374:wore
2298:wore
2116:shaku
2110:Hachi
2103:Shaku
2083:Flute
2054:flute
1927:Kyoto
1905:上田芳憧
1894:中尾都山
1883:樋口対山
1872:兼友西園
1861:栗原錦風
1707:Denki
1590:Wumen
1582:]
1558:) of
1552:Puhua
1378:ronin
1365:ronin
1299:rōnin
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