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1927:
1915:
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1674:. Although the Soviet Red Army outnumbered the Japanese by three to one, they advanced only slowly due to strong Japanese resistance. It was not until the 113th Rifle Brigade and the 365th Independent Naval Infantry Rifle Battalion from Sovetskaya Gavan landed on Tōro, a seashore village of western Karafuto, on August 16 that the Soviets broke the Japanese defense line. Japanese resistance grew weaker after this landing. Actual fighting continued until August 21. From August 22 to August 23, most remaining Japanese units agreed to a ceasefire. The Soviets completed the conquest of Karafuto on August 25, 1945, by occupying the capital of
1943:
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1903:
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1800:. Nearly two-thirds of Sakhalin is mountainous. Two parallel ranges of mountains traverse it from north to south, reaching 600–1,500 m (2,000–4,900 ft). The Western Sakhalin Mountains peak in Mount Ichara, 1,481 m (4,859 ft), while the Eastern Sakhalin Mountains's highest peak, Mount Lopatin 1,609 m (5,279 ft), is also the island's highest mountain. Tym-Poronaiskaya Valley separates the two ranges. Susuanaisky and Tonino-Anivsky ranges traverse the island in the south, while the swampy Northern-Sakhalin plain occupies most of its north.
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1334:
1298:
67:
810:
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Takahashi Jidayú and
Nakamura Koichiró only confirmed earlier observations: Sakhalin and Sóya Ainu traded foreign goods at trading posts, and because of the pressure to meet quotas, they fell into debt. These goods, the officials confirmed, originated at Qing posts, where continental traders acquired them during tributary ceremonies. The information contained in these types of reports turned out to be a serious blow to the future of Matsumae's trade monopoly in Ezo.
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rerouted the pipeline to avoid the whale migration. After a doubling in the projected cost, the
Russian government threatened to halt the project for environmental reasons. There have been suggestions that the Russian government is using the environmental issues as a pretext for obtaining a greater share of revenues from the project and/or forcing involvement by the state-controlled
1144:, to handle fur from the lower Amur and Sakhalin. Tribute was supposed to be brought to regional offices, but the lower Amur and Sakhalin were considered too remote, so the Qing sent officials directly to these regions every year to collect tribute and to present awards. By the 1730s, the Qing had appointed senior figures among the indigenous communities as "clan chief" (
1126:(at the time equivalent to Chinese aristocrats) by marrying an official's adopted daughter. Further, the tribute payers were allowed to engage in trade with officials and merchants at the tribute location. By these policies, the Qing dynasty brought political stability to the region and established the basis for commerce and economic development.
4493:’, Memoirs of the Research Department of Toyo Bunko, no. 10, 1938, pp. 40‒102) (Shina no kisai ni arawaretaru Kokuryuko karyuiki no dojin 支那の記載に現はれたる黒龍江下流域の土人( The natives on the lower reaches of the Amur river as represented in Chinese records), Tõagaku 5, vol . 1, Sept. 1939.) Wada, ‘Natives of the Lower Reaches of the Amur River’, p. 82.
3526:
1896:. Moneron, the only land mass in the Tatar strait, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) long and 5.6 km (3.5 mi) wide, is about 24 nautical miles (44 km) west from the nearest coast of Sakhalin and 41 nmi (76 km) from the port city of Nevelsk. Ush Island is an island off of the northern coast of Sakhalin.
1833:, folded by subsequent upheavals, are found in many parts of the island. The clays, which contain layers of good coal and abundant fossilized vegetation, show that during the Miocene period, Sakhalin formed part of a continent which comprised north Asia, Alaska, and Japan, and enjoyed a comparatively warm climate. The
3947:
Sakhalin II has come under fire from environmental groups, namely
Sakhalin Environment Watch, for dumping dredging material in Aniva Bay. These groups were also worried about the offshore pipelines interfering with the migration of whales off the island. The consortium has (as of January 2006)
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Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
4712:
Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
3028:
Precipitation is heavy, owing to the strong onshore winds in summer and the high frequency of North
Pacific storms affecting the island in the autumn. It ranges from around 500 millimetres (20 in) on the northwest coast to over 1,200 millimetres (47 in) in southern mountainous regions. In
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A second consortium, Sakhalin Energy
Investment Company Ltd (Sakhalin Energy), is managing the Sakhalin II project. It has completed the first production-sharing agreement (PSA) with the Russian Federation. Sakhalin Energy will build two 800-km pipelines running from the northeast of the island to
1233:
on the Ainu of southern
Sakhalin increased significantly. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Japanese economic zone extended midway up the east coast, to Taraika. With the exception of the Nayoro Ainu located on the west coast in close proximity to China, most Ainu stopped paying tribute to
1085:
estuary and demanded that the residents, including the
Sakhalin Ainu, pay tribute. This was followed by several further visits to the island as part of the Qing effort to map the area. To enforce its influence, the Qing sent soldiers and mandarins across Sakhalin, reaching most parts of the island
771:
The Qing dynasty called
Sakhalin ‘Kuyedao’ (‘the island of Ainu’) and the indigenous people paid tribute to the Chinese empire. However, there was no formalized border around the island. The Qing dynasty was a pre- modern or ‘world empire’ which did not place emphasis on demarcating borders in the
1274:
Mogami's interest in the Sakhalin trade intensified when he learned that Yaenkoroaino, the above-mentioned elder from Nayoro, possessed a memorandum written in Manchurian, which stated that the Ainu elder was an official of the Qing state. Later surveys on Sakhalin by shogunal officials such as
530:
was loose for the most part. Sakhalin was later claimed by both Russia and Japan over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. These disputes sometimes involved military conflicts and divisions of the island between the two powers. In 1875, Japan ceded its claims to Russia in exchange for the
1380:
The Jesuits did not have a chance to visit the island, and the geographical information provided by the Nanai people and Manchus who had been to the island was insufficient to allow them to identify it as the land visited by de Vries in 1643. As a result, many 17th-century maps showed a rather
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1707:
currently administered by Russia were not subject to this renunciation. Japan granted mutual exchange visas for Japanese and Ainu families divided by the change in status. Recently, economic and political cooperation has gradually improved between the two nations despite disagreements.
4598:(Shiro Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities Between the Russian and Chinese Empires’, Senri Ethnological Studies, vol. 92, 2016, pp. 161‒193.) Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities’, p. 173.
1007:, these posts, like the position of headman, were hereditary and passed down the patrilineal line. During these tributary missions, the headmen would bring their sons, who later inherited their titles. In return for tribute, the Ming awarded them with silk uniforms.
1164:, and 148 households were registered as tribute bearers in Sakhalin. Manchu officials gave tribute missions rice, salt, other necessities, and gifts during the duration of their mission. Tribute missions occurred during the summer months. During the reign of the
3662:
railway network. It was claimed that construction work could begin as early as 2001. The idea was received skeptically by the Japanese government and appears to have been shelved, probably permanently, after the cost was estimated at as much as $ 50 billion.
937:, the Nivkh name for Ainu) from Sakhalin invaded and fought with the Jilimi (Nivkh people) every year. On 30 November 1264, the Mongols attacked the Ainu. The Ainu resisted the Mongol invasions but by 1308 had been subdued. They paid tribute to the Mongol
1789:. Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia, being 948 km (589 mi) long, and 25 to 170 km (16 to 106 mi) wide, with an area of 72,492 km (27,989 sq mi). It lies at similar latitudes to England, Wales and Ireland.
1465:, which declared that nationals of both countries could inhabit the island: Russians in the north, and Japanese in the south, without a clearly defined boundary between. Russia also agreed to dismantle its military base at Ootomari. Following the
3916:
21 billion on the two projects; costs had almost doubled to $ 37 billion as of September 2006, triggering Russian governmental opposition. The cost will include an estimated US$ 1 billion to upgrade the island's infrastructure: roads, bridges,
6914:
1985:, with the non-indigenous people living mainly from agriculture, or being convicts or exiles. The majority of Nivkh, Ainu and Japanese lived from fishing or hunting, whereas the Oroks lived mainly by livestock breeding. The Ainu, Japanese and
3955:
In 2000, the oil-and-gas industry accounted for 57.5% of Sakhalin's industrial output. By 2006 it is expected to account for 80% of the island's industrial output. Sakhalin's economy is growing rapidly thanks to its oil-and-gas industry.
3425:
3658:. In 2000, the Russian government revived the idea, adding a suggestion that a 40-km (25 mile) long bridge could be constructed between Sakhalin and the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, providing Japan with a direct connection to the
1926:
107:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
3928:, completed a production-sharing agreement (PSA) between the Sakhalin I consortium, the Russian Federation, and the Sakhalin government. Russia is in the process of building a 220 km (140 mi) pipeline across the
1381:
strangely shaped Sakhalin, which included only the northern half of the island (with Cape Patience), while Cape Aniva, discovered by de Vries, and the "Black Cape" (Cape Crillon) were thought to form part of the mainland.
1202:
in Hokkaidō, sent Satō Kamoemon and Kakizaki Kuroudo on an expedition to Sakhalin. One of the Matsumae explorers, Kodō Shōzaemon, stayed in the island in the winter of 1636 and sailed along the east coast to Taraika (now
1353:
captain, however, was unaware that it was an island, and 17th-century maps usually showed these points (and often Hokkaido as well) as part of the mainland. As part of a nationwide Sino-French cartographic program,
3408:
For the 2016 summer season, this route will be served by a highspeed catamaran ferry from Singapore named Penguin 33. The ferry is owned by Penguin International Limited and operated by Sakhalin Shipping Company.
1302:
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recorded the existence and navigability of the strait later given his name, and Russian settlers began establishing coal mines, administration facilities, schools, and churches on the island. In 1853–54,
1090:
The Qing dynasty ruled these regions by imposing upon them a fur tribute system, just as had the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Residents who were required to pay tributes had to register according to their
790:
Ainu) presence in the area otherwise dominated by the Gilemi or Jilimi (Nivkh and other Amur peoples)." Related names were in widespread use in the region, for example the Kuril Ainu called themselves
3326:, for which the waters off of Sakhalin are their only known feeding ground, thus being a vitally important region for their population's longevity. Other cetaceans known to occur in this area are the
6921:
1175:
Local native Sakhalin chiefs had their daughters taken as wives by Manchu officials as sanctioned by the Qing dynasty when the Qing exercised jurisdiction in Sakhalin and took tribute from them.
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1914:
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between Sakhalin and the Russian mainland was first put forward in the 1930s. In the 1940s, an abortive attempt was made to link the island via a 10-kilometre-long (6 mi) undersea
1742:. The Soviet Union claimed it was a spy plane; however, commanders on the ground realized it was a commercial aircraft. All 269 passengers and crew died, including a U.S. Congressman,
4609:
Nich-Ro kankei to Saharintō : Bakumatsu Meiji shonen no ryōdo mondai (Japanese–Russian Relations and Sakhalin Island: Territorial Dispute in the Bakumatsu and First Meiji Years)
786:, the name given to the Sakhalin Ainu by their Nivkh and Nanai neighbors." When the Ainu migrated onto the mainland, the Chinese described a "strong Kui (or Kuwei, Kuwu, Kuye, Kugi,
6180:
1848:, 330 km (205 mi) long and navigable by rafts and light boats for 80 km (50 mi), flows north and northeast with numerous rapids and shallows, and enters the
1122:), which were the gowns of the mandarin. Those who offered especially large fur tributes were granted the right to create a familial relationship with officials of the Manchu
1445:
On the basis of its belief that it was an extension of Hokkaido, both geographically and culturally, Japan again proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island (as well as the
1270:, and enhanced Matsumae prestige as exotic items. Eventually the Tokugawa government, realizing that they could not depend on the Matsumae, took control of Sakhalin in 1807.
4792:
Voyage de Lapérouse, rédigé d'après ses manuscrits, suivi d'un appendice renfermant tout ce que l'on a découvert depuis le naufrage, et enrichi de notes par m. de Lesseps
5966:
Trekhsviatskyi, Anatolii (2007). "At the far edge of the Chinese Oikoumene: Mutual relations of the indigenous population of Sakhalin with the Yuan and Ming dynasties".
917:
From the Nivkh perspective, their surrender to the Mongols essentially established a military alliance against the Ainu who had invaded their lands. According to the
6907:
1001:
pelts as tribute to the Wuliehe post. In 1437, four other assistant commanders (Zhaluha, Sanchiha, Tuolingha, and Alingge) also presented tribute. According to the
1238:
was nominally in charge of Sakhalin, but they neither protected nor governed the Ainu there. Instead they extorted the Ainu for Chinese silk, which they sold in
5101:
1106:, village), and a designated chief of each unit was put in charge of district security as well as the annual collection and delivery of fur. By 1750, fifty-six
3189:
3025:, but makes the winters much snowier and a few degrees warmer than in interior East Asian cities at the same latitude. Summers are foggy with little sunshine.
1989:
lived almost exclusively in the southern part of the island. Since 1925, many Poles fled Soviet Russian persecution in the north to the then Japanese south.
3952:. The cost overruns (at least partly due to Shell's response to environmental concerns), are reducing the share of profits flowing to the Russian treasury.
3936:
on the Russian mainland. From De-Kastri, the resource will be loaded onto tankers for transport to East Asian markets, namely Japan, South Korea and China.
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6551:
6271:
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3529:). During the last years of its service, it gradually deteriorated; the service was terminated in December 2006, and the line was dismantled in 2007–2008.
6127:
3959:
As of 18 April 2007, Gazprom had taken a 50% plus one share interest in Sakhalin II by purchasing 50% of Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi's shares.
6808:
3029:
contrast to interior east Asia with its pronounced summer maximum, onshore winds ensure Sakhalin has year-round precipitation with a peak in the autumn.
4490:
4486:
3499:
Besides the main network run by the Russian Railways, until December 2006 the local oil company (Sakhalinmorneftegaz) operated a corporate narrow-gauge
3912:, signed contracts to explore for oil and gas off the northeast coast of the island. The two consortia's pre-project estimate of costs were a combined
2083:
5651:
6391:
4823:[Study of South Sakhalin Started under Lieutenant Nikolay Vasilievich Rudanovsky] (in Russian). President Library of Russia. October 18, 1853
1400:
told him that the island was called "Tchoka" (or at least that is how he recorded the name in French), and "Tchoka" appears on some maps thereafter.
2043:
to work in the coal mines. Most of the population lives in the southern half of the island, centered mainly around Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and two ports,
1313:
in 1709, asserts the existence of Sakhalin – but only assigns to it the northern half of the island and its northeastern coast (with
110:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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5718:
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1385:
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The peoples of Northeast Asia through time : precolonial ethnic and cultural processes along the coast between Hokkaido and the Bering Strait
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2066:
during the war were deported following the invasion of the southern portion of the island by the Soviet Union in 1945 at the end of World War II.
1671:
5534:
1837:
deposits contain a mollusc fauna more Arctic than that which exists at the present time, indicating that the connection between the Pacific and
3921:
sites, airports, railways, communications systems, and ports. In addition, Sakhalin-III-through-VI are in various early stages of development.
5674:
1069:
called it "Sagaliyan ula angga hada" (Island at the Mouth of the Black River). The Qing first asserted influence over Sakhalin after the 1689
477:, with an area of 72,492 square kilometres (27,989 sq mi). The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of whom are
5508:
4889:
1738:, a South Korean civilian airliner, flew over Sakhalin and was shot down by the Soviet Union, just west of Sakhalin Island, near the smaller
1649:
4771:("Fishskin Tatars") living on the Ussuri and the Amur upstream from the mouth of the Dondon. The two groups might thus be ancestral of the
3338:, the latter two generally preferring icy waters and colder conditions to the north. All are potential prey species for the highly social
5922:
Trading Brokers and Partners with China, Russia, and Japan, In W. W. Fitzhugh and C. O. Dubreuil (eds.) Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People
6105:
832:
in great numbers, as well as polished stone hatchets similar to European examples, primitive pottery with decorations like those of the
547:, Japan invaded the northern parts of Sakhalin, and ruled the entire island from 1918 to 1925. Russia has held all of the island since
233:
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1437:
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cubic feet) of gas and are being developed under production-sharing agreement contracts involving international oil- companies like
7031:
6587:
5335:
1902:
1662:. The Soviet attack started on August 11, 1945, a few days before the surrender of Japan. The Soviet 56th Rifle Corps, part of the
5366:
3674:, along with the required regauging of the island's railways to Russian standard gauge, at an estimated cost of 300–330 billion
1688:
While the vast majority of Sakhalin Japanese and Koreans were gradually repatriated between 1946 and 1950, tens of thousands of
7036:
5454:
1306:
7026:
5842:
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and 2,398 households were registered as fur tribute payers, – those who paid with fur were rewarded mainly with Nishiki silk
960:
on the Siberian mainland, which continued operating until the mid-1430s. There is some evidence that the Ming eunuch Admiral
836:, and stone weights used with fishing nets. A later population familiar with bronze left traces in earthen walls and kitchen-
5271:
526:
dynasties and accepted official appointments from them. Sometimes the relationship was forced but control from dynasties in
7016:
6165:
5902:
5813:[The Ainu and Ainu culture from historical records of the Yuan and Ming]. In Katō, Hirofumi; Suzuki, Kenji (eds.).
4116:
3017:) in the centre and north. The maritime influence makes summers much cooler than in similar-latitude inland cities such as
1681:
Of the approximately 400,000 people – mostly Japanese and Korean – who lived on South Sakhalin in 1944, about 100,000 were
183:
4195:
3381:
Transport, especially by sea, is an important segment of the economy. Nearly all the cargo arriving for Sakhalin (and the
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1655:
1013:
women in Sakhalin married Han Chinese Ming officials when the Ming took tribute from Sakhalin and the Amur river region.
953:
592:
535:. In 1897 more than half of the population were Russians and other European and Asian minorities. In 1905, following the
3940:
Prigorodnoye (Prigorodnoe) in Aniva Bay at the southern end. The consortium will also build, at Prigorodnoye, the first
964:
reached Sakhalin in 1413 during one of his expeditions to the lower Amur, and granted Ming titles to a local chieftain.
5489:[President of Russia wants to join Sakhalin Island to the mainland] (in Russian). PrimaMedia. November 19, 2008
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2063:
2028:. The Nivkhs in the north support themselves by fishing and hunting. In 2008 there were 6,416 births and 7,572 deaths.
1682:
1667:
118:
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name, Sahaliyan Ula, "the Black River"), in 1709, and learned of the existence of the nearby offshore island from the
50:"Sakhalien" and "Saghalien" redirect here. For cities in China sometimes historically referred to this in Manchu, see
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4833:"I made my trips around Sakhalin Island in autumn and winter ...": reports of Lieutenant N. V. Rudanovskiy. 1853–1854
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Sakhalin's main shipping company is Sakhalin Shipping Company, headquartered in Kholmsk on the island's west coast.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Foreign Policy > Others > Japanese Territory > Northern Territories
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4512:"Indigenous Diplomacy: Sakhalin Ainu (Enchiw) in the Shaping of Modern East Asia (Part 1: Traders and Travellers)"
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About 30% of all inland transport volume is carried by the island's railways, most of which are organized as the
1583:
1430:
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did the island began to resemble something of its true shape on European maps. Though unable to pass through its
3754:
1337:
La Perouse charted most of the southwestern coast of Sakhalin (or "Tchoka", as he heard natives call it) in 1787
6426:
4616:
4108:
3732:
3354:; however, over-harvesting depleted their numbers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Today,
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shipments often go through other ports. In 1999, a ferry service was opened between the ports of Korsakov and
1242:
as Matsumae's special product. To obtain Chinese silk, the Ainu fell into debt, owing much fur to the Santan (
854:(1643) mapped Sakhalin's eastern promontories without realising that he had visited an island (map from 1682).
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Ivlev, A. M. Soils of Sakhalin. New Delhi: Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, 1974. Pages 9–28.
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manner of the modern ‘national empires’ of the nineteenth and early twentieth century (Yamamuro 2003: 90–97).
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3350:, both hunted to extinction, formerly ranged from Japan's coastline to Sakhalin, Korea, Kamchatka, and the
1872:
1769:). Total damage was $ 64.1–300 million, with 1,989 deaths and 750 injured. The settlement was not rebuilt.
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882:
3761:
79:
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This article is about the Russian geographical island. For the federal subject the island is part of, see
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3693:, which could potentially create a continuous rail corridor between Europe and Japan. In 2018, president
1758:
1735:
1301:
Display of Sakhalin on maps varied throughout the 18th century. This map from a 1773 atlas, based on the
5248:[Sakhalin is an island of twins?] (in Russian). Восток Медиа . February 13, 2009. Archived from
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The island was also called "Kuye Fiyaka". The word "Kuye" used by the Qing is "most probably related to
3879:
3448:
3386:
1754:
1645:
1632:, on the northeastern side of the island, during a fog. All hands were saved as well as 300 barrels of
1425:
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3535:
1953:
According to the 1897 census, Sakhalin had a population of 28,113, of which 56.2% were Russians, 8.4%
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in 1945, as well as all of the Kurils. Japan no longer claims any of Sakhalin, although it does still
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chain) in 1845, in the face of competing claims from Russia. In 1849, however, the Russian navigator
1362:
1114:, and every year the dynasty supplied the chief of each clan and village with official silk clothes (
474:
379:
5783:[Several questions around "the Mongol attack from the north"]. In Kikuchi, Toshihiko (ed.).
5122:. Oxford Regional Environments. Vol. 3. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 428–429.
4821:"Началось исследование Южного Сахалина под руководством лейтенанта Николая Васильевича Рудановского"
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5925:, Arctic Study Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
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to Kholmsk. The ports of Korsakov and Kholmsk are the largest and handle all kinds of goods, while
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during the last days of the war. The remaining 300,000 stayed behind, some for several more years.
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1310:
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or Shichiro Bay, on the southeastern coast. Three other small streams enter the wide semicircular
1670:, the 2nd Rifle Brigade, the 5th Rifle Brigade and the 214 Armored Brigade, attacked the Japanese
1550:, Japan again occupied the northern part of the island, returning it to the Soviet Union in 1925.
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In June 2021, it was announced that Russia aims to make Sakhalin Island carbon neutral by 2025.
1699:. Japan renounced its claims of sovereignty over southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the
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Karafuto 1945: An examination of the Japanese under Soviet rule and their subsequent expulsion
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Winiarz, Adam (1994). "Książka polska w koloniach polskich na Dalekim Wschodzie (1897–1949)".
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559:. Most Ainu on Sakhalin moved to Hokkaido, 43 kilometres (27 mi) to the south across the
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A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule
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except the southern tip. The Qing imposed a fur-tribute system on the region's inhabitants.
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and geological structure are imperfectly known. One theory is that Sakhalin arose from the
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Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia
5462:
5051:. Law in Eastern Europe No. 25. The Hague: Martinis Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 320–325.
3944:(LNG) plant to be built in Russia. The oil and gas are also bound for East Asian markets.
1786:
560:
8:
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No final peace treaty has been signed and the status of four neighboring islands remains
1554:
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1529:
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reverted to Japan, while Russia retained the northern three-fifths. In 1920, during the
1496:
on Sakhalin. The island remained under shared sovereignty until the signing of the 1875
1413:
1266:. As dynastic uniforms, the silk was of considerably higher quality than that traded at
1168:(r. 1735–95), a trade post existed at Delen, upstream of Kiji (Kizi) Lake, according to
6813:
5983:
5566:
5006:
4800:
4789:
La Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup, comte de (1831). de Lesseps, Jean Baptiste (ed.).
4369:
4000:
3975:
3933:
3252:
3111:
1535:
1455:
1230:
1074:
536:
482:
5370:
3768:
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population is made-up of mostly the common eastern Siberian forms, but there are some
737:, the word that has been borrowed in the form of "Sakhalin", means "black" in Manchu,
7006:
6700:
6501:
6496:
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6281:
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5123:
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4612:
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4275:
4228:
4201:
3655:
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3343:
3280:
3217:
3010:
2055:
2032:
1868:
1778:
1727:
1572:
1462:
1450:
1393:
1258:) given to them by the Qing, which made up the majority of what the Japanese knew as
967:
The Ming recruited headmen from Sakhalin for administrative posts such as commander (
902:. In response, the Mongols established an administration post at Nurgan (present-day
611:
540:
330:
122:
5294:
2998:
The Sea of Okhotsk ensures that Sakhalin has a cold and humid climate, ranging from
6858:
6788:
6665:
6572:
6381:
6331:
6286:
5954:
5450:
5339:
4087:
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3429:
3421:
3359:
3212:
3195:
3116:
2036:
1997:
1857:
1689:
1659:
1629:
1466:
1397:
1389:
1195:
1165:
433:
383:
217:
4984:
History of the American Whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the year 1876
1992:
In 2010, the island's population was recorded at 497,973, 83% of whom were ethnic
1500:, in which Japan surrendered its claims in Sakhalin to Russia. In 1890 the author
1333:
6966:
6960:
6931:
6654:
6561:
6556:
6471:
6386:
6376:
6316:
6266:
6246:
6231:
6221:
6094:
5996:
5951:
The Ainu of Tsugaru : the indigenous history and shamanism of northern Japan
5874:
5828:
5655:
5596:
5323:
5046:
5019:
4853:
4849:
4779:
people known to latter ethnologists; or, the "Ke tcheng" might in fact be Nivkhs.
4004:
3671:
3667:
3651:
3623:
3444:
3184:
3146:
3133:
3070:
2048:
2035:, a city of about 175,000, has a large Korean minority, typically referred to as
1982:
1717:
1579:
1525:
1470:
1418:
1370:
1297:
1211:
1199:
1058:
919:
689:
657:
596:
582:
501:
470:
442:
320:
20:
5998:
The Conquest of Ainu Lands: Ecology and Culture in Japanese Expansion, 1590–1800
5809:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2012). "Gen-Mindai no shiryō kara mieru Ainu to Ainu bunka"
5102:
Japan and Russia want to finally end World War II, agree it is 'abnormal' not to
3521:) line extending for 228 kilometers (142 mi) from Nogliki further north to
3447:
in the south. Sakhalin's railway has a connection with the rest of Russia via a
1658:, the Soviet Union invaded southern Sakhalin, an action planned secretly at the
1286:
1187:
6984:
6888:
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6793:
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6321:
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6261:
6251:
6226:
6211:
6195:
5748:
4511:
4045:
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3925:
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3694:
3682:
3176:
3086:
1889:
1849:
1845:
1743:
1739:
1078:
486:
462:
441:. Its north coast lies 6.5 km (4.0 mi) off the southeastern coast of
438:
375:
27:
4491:
The Natives of the Lower reaches of the Amur as Represented in Chinese Records
3405:, Japan, and operated through the autumn of 2015, when service was suspended.
7000:
6883:
6848:
6660:
6639:
6541:
6351:
6049:
6035:
5979:
4901:
4763:
Tatars") lived, according to the Jesuits, on the Amur below the mouth of the
4058:
4031:
3981:
3886:
3385:) is delivered by cargo boats, or by ferries, in railway wagons, through the
3382:
3331:
3199:) make their appearance. The underwoods abound in berry-bearing plants (e.g.
1962:
1882:
1606:
1595:
1501:
1446:
1346:
1314:
1235:
1215:
1123:
809:
675:
532:
248:
235:
140:
5163:
3037:
1504:
visited the penal colony on Sakhalin and published a memoir of his journey.
1477:(1860), under which China lost to Russia all claims to territories north of
6783:
6768:
6685:
6675:
6521:
6511:
6506:
6456:
6341:
6306:
6216:
5848:
5484:
4764:
4010:
3929:
3689:
bridge to link Sakhalin with the Russian mainland. He also again suggested
3522:
3339:
3335:
3222:
3138:
2040:
2021:
1958:
1946:
1876:
1838:
1534:
Japanese forces invaded and occupied Sakhalin in the closing stages of the
1478:
1374:
1322:
1210:
In an early colonization attempt, a Japanese settlement was established at
1169:
1030:
1010:
945:
938:
899:
895:
552:
523:
519:
515:
494:
466:
458:
367:
55:
5779:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2010). "Kita kara no mōko shūrai wo meguru shōmondai"
5021:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1990
4877:
The Russians had established a penal colony in northern Sakhalin in 1857 .
6942:
6868:
6853:
6838:
6823:
6546:
6481:
6336:
6296:
6256:
5316:
5249:
4928:, of New Bedford, Aug. 30–Sep. 5, 1902, G. W. Blunt White Library (GBWL).
4776:
4772:
3909:
3832:
3828:
3579:
3355:
2059:
2025:
2001:
1970:
1350:
1246:), who lived near the Qing office. The Ainu also sold the silk uniforms (
1243:
1141:
957:
911:
903:
862:
814:
371:
5987:
3598:, South Korea. There are also charter flights to the Japanese cities of
6954:
6758:
6624:
6531:
6411:
6361:
5958:
5833:, Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin,
5675:"Sakhalin II: Laying the Base for Future Arctic Developments in Russia"
5414:
4820:
4633:
3971:
3905:
3894:
3735: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3575:
3492:) gauge began in 2004 and was completed in 2019. The original Japanese
3351:
3323:
3319:
3232:
3200:
2005:
1954:
1893:
1804:
1692:(and a number of their Japanese spouses) remained in the Soviet Union.
1610:
1482:
1366:
948:(1368–1644) placed Sakhalin under its "system for subjugated peoples" (
764:
403:
129:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
5816:
Atarashii Ainu shi no kōchiku : senshi hen, kodai hen, chūsei hen
4172:
3870:
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent
1172:. There were 500–600 people at the market during Mamiya's stay there.
6972:
6948:
5834:
5628:
3898:
3860:
3824:
3347:
3208:
3204:
3055:
3045:
1861:
1822:
1807:
1793:
1633:
1204:
841:
821:
395:
6929:
6818:
5677:(Press release). Sakhalin Energy. September 27, 2006. Archived from
5535:"Russia Threatens To Halt Sakhalin-2 Project Unless Shell Cleans Up"
4858:. Vol. 23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
4389:
4120:
3875:
3710:
170:
6753:
6743:
6670:
6536:
6491:
6476:
6401:
6346:
6291:
6241:
5007:
16th Army, 2nd Far Eastern Front, Soviet Far East Command, 09.08,45
4682:
Ocean of Destiny: A concise History of the North Pacific, 1500–1978
4457:. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington Press. pp. 158–161.
3836:
3611:
3587:
3402:
3315:
3264:
3260:
3248:
3093:) are the chief trees; on the upper parts of the mountains are the
1993:
1834:
1815:
1811:
1782:
1704:
1675:
1568:
1267:
1137:
1033:, which came to power in China in 1644, called Sakhalin "Kuyedao" (
847:
478:
454:
363:
5652:"CEO delivers message at Sakhalin's first major energy conference"
4940:, of Fairhaven, Aug. 4–6, 1848, Old Dartmouth Historical Society;
3878:
with extensive petroleum-exploration and mining by most large oil
1777:
Sakhalin is separated from the mainland by the narrow and shallow
1722:
1433:, Russia. It is the house where he stayed in Sakhalin during 1890.
1417:
1823 Japanese map of Karafuto and part of eastern Siberia (modern
563:, when Japanese civilians were displaced from the island in 1949.
449:, while its southern tip lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of
6748:
6718:
6644:
6486:
6441:
6436:
6416:
4924:, of Stonington, Aug. 10–31, 1848, Nicholson Whaling Collection;
4039:
3949:
3686:
3659:
3635:
3607:
3542:
3456:
3440:
3240:
3226:
3124:
3066:
3022:
2044:
1986:
1978:
1853:
1493:
1218:
drew a map of the island and called it "Kita-Ezo" (Northern Ezo,
1111:
1066:
961:
888:
833:
829:
825:
702:
952:). From 1409 to 1411 the Ming established an outpost called the
104:
6828:
6649:
6629:
6406:
6356:
6301:
6276:
6183:
6098:
4760:
3856:
3675:
3647:
3619:
3615:
3571:
3398:
3307:
3154:
3062:
3018:
2017:
2013:
2009:
1966:
1864:
or Higashifushimi Bay at the southern extremity of the island.
1781:, which often freezes in winter in its narrower part, and from
1598:
1512:
1486:
1239:
1223:
1042:
998:
870:
837:
641:
446:
5183:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
4960:, of New Bedford, June 13, 1855, Nicholson Whaling Collection.
4607:秋月俊幸『日露関係とサハリン島：幕末明治初年の領土問題』筑摩書房、1994年、34頁（Akizuki Toshiyuki,
4249:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
3255:, a subspecies of Siberian musk deer. Smaller mammals include
3251:
in the north); rarely seen, but still present, is the elusive
914:
rivers in 1263, and forced the submission of the two peoples.
6863:
6690:
6326:
6190:
6088:
Globetrotting for Love and Other Stories from Sakhalin Island
5211:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
5197:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
4323:
4321:
3848:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3244:
3162:
3158:
3106:
1974:
1602:
1285:
Japan proclaimed sovereignty over Sakhalin in 1807; in 1809,
866:
527:
490:
450:
51:
5719:"Russia aims to make Sakhalin island carbon neutral by 2025"
5305:
5284:
Sakhalin Hydrometeorological Service, accessed 19 April 2011
5185:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
4555:
4553:
4251:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
3882:. The oil and natural- gas reserves contain an estimated 14
2058:
inhabitants of Sakhalin (including the Japanized indigenous
1025:
French map from 1821 showing Sakhalin as part of Qing Empire
6680:
6526:
5486:Президент России хочет остров Сахалин соединить с материком
3697:
ordered a feasibility study for a mainland bridge project.
3394:
3303:
3276:
3272:
3256:
1830:
1826:
1309:, who in his turn made use of the information collected by
1082:
907:
407:
5283:
5024:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
4972:(Vol. IV, No. 9, September 29, 1855, pp. 68, 72, Honolulu)
4570:
4568:
4318:
1575:). A large number of migrants were brought in from Korea.
5077:
4890:"Chekhov's trip to Sakhalin puts lockdown in perspective"
4660:
4550:
4308:
4306:
4293:
4291:
3852:
3844:
3670:
announced government support for the construction of the
3462:
The process of converting the railways from the Japanese
3268:
3166:
3128:
2020:. The native inhabitants currently consist of some 2,000
1219:
1214:
on Sakhalin's southern end in 1679. Cartographers of the
997:). In 1431, one such assistant commander, Alige, brought
4434:
4432:
4338:
4336:
3815:
production plant built as part of the Sakhalin-2 project
1810:, containing an abundant and specific fauna of gigantic
1703:(1951), but maintains that the four offshore islands of
1178:
5753:
Ruins of identity: ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands
5073:
Sakhalin memories: Japanese stranded by war in the USSR
4565:
4417:
3428:), which is one of the 17 territorial divisions of the
1349:
and Cape Aniva on the island's east coast in 1643. The
1321:
in 1643). Cape Aniva, also discovered by de Vries, and
4716:. Vol. 1. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. p. xxxviii
4303:
4288:
4169:"The Sakhalin Regional Museum: The Indigenous Peoples"
1392:
due to contrary winds, La Perouse charted most of the
605:
5822:(in Japanese). Hokkaido University. pp. 138–145.
5274:" (2015). Honors Theses. Western Michigan University.
4745:. Vol. 4. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. pp. 14–16
4429:
4333:
3157:
are mixed with the conifers; while farther south the
1888:
Sakhalin has two smaller islands associated with it,
1222:
being the old Japanese name for the islands north of
619:
6714:
6602:
6001:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
5403:
Bolashenko, Serguei (Болашенко, С.) (July 6, 2006).
5150:
5148:
5146:
4648:
4580:
4405:
4348:
4082:
4080:
4021:
3681:
In July 2013, Russian Far East development minister
1516:
Sakhalin Island with Karafuto Prefecture highlighted
1329:) are, however, thought to form part of the mainland
1081:. In the following year the Qing sent forces to the
744:
738:
732:
706:
683:
651:
100:
33:"Sakhalin Island" redirects here. For the book, see
4526:
2039:, who were forcibly brought by the Japanese during
1542:of 1905, the southern part of the island below the
1441:
Settler's way of life. Near church at holiday. 1903
824:Stone Age. Flint implements such as those found in
514:). The Ainu people of Sakhalin paid tribute to the
5589:
4368:
4263:
791:
669:
5899:Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria
5509:"Minister Proposes 7km Bridge to Sakhalin Island"
5295:https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8099/50345475
5143:
4742:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4713:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4538:
4371:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
4103:
4101:
4077:
3586:has regularly scheduled international flights to
1578:The northern, Russian, half of the island formed
6998:
5794:] (in Japanese). Hokkaido University Press.
5449:
4611:, (Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo Publishers Ltd), p. 34.
2556:
2091:
2073:
1057:'island of the Ainu') or "Kuye Fiyaka" (
469:to its southwest. It is administered as part of
6093:
4844:
4224:Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750
1507:
1341:The first European known to visit Sakhalin was
6136:– Proposed Sakhalin–Hokkaidō Friendship Tunnel
5965:
5953:(Thesis). The University of British Columbia.
5226:Czasopismo Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich
4944:, of Fairhaven, July 26 – Aug. 29, 1852, NWC;
4755:The people whose name the Jesuits recorded as
4266:The Shaman's Coat: A Native History of Siberia
4098:
3283:or near-endemic breeding species, notably the
3061:The whole of the island is covered with dense
1560:
125:accompanying your translation by providing an
91:Click for important translation instructions.
78:expand this article with text translated from
6915:
6588:
6166:
6076:(London, 1903). (quoted in EB1911, see below)
5409:[Okha-Nogliki narrow-gauge railway].
4509:
3965:
3560:outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station
3496:were used by the Soviet Railways until 1979.
1803:Crystalline rocks crop out at several capes;
1650:Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
497:, who are now present in very small numbers.
423:
6267:Chyornye Bratya (Chirpoy and Brat Chirpoyev)
5562:"Russia Halts Pipeline, Citing River Damage"
5435:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4805:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4454:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
3570:Sakhalin is connected by regular flights to
1553:South Sakhalin was administered by Japan as
1396:, and islanders he encountered near today's
1229:In the 1780s, the influence of the Japanese
987:), and "official charged with subjugation" (
876:
712:
693:
661:
509:
6109:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). p. 54.
5872:
5367:"Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin Island"
4327:
4270:. New York: Walker & Company. pp.
3889:(2.2 km) of oil and 2,700 km (96
1052:
941:at posts in Wuliehe, Nanghar, and Boluohe.
6922:
6908:
6595:
6581:
6173:
6159:
5406:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
5402:
5369:. International Steam Page. Archived from
5120:The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia
4788:
4510:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (November 15, 2020).
3654:. The project was abandoned under Premier
3527:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
1190:described Sakhalin as an island in his map
1136:The Qing dynasty established an office in
551:the Japanese portion in the final days of
169:
5044:
4496:
4214:
4187:
3811:At the ceremony marking the opening of a
3795:Learn how and when to remove this message
2031:The administrative center of the oblast,
1879:is the southernmost point of the island.
1408:
1365:joined a Chinese team visiting the lower
5854:
5826:
5808:
5792:A history and cultures of Northeast Asia
5778:
5560:Kramer, Andrew E. (September 19, 2006).
4981:
4948:, of New Bedford, July 8–10, 1874, GBWL.
4734:
4705:
4423:
4395:
4375:. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc.
4312:
4297:
4144:"Russia's Far East opens up to visitors"
3806:
3044:
3036:
2980:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
2534:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
1941:
1721:
1511:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1332:
1296:
1182:
1020:
846:
808:
6145:Maps of Ezo, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands
5929:
5859:, New York: Columbia University Press,
5223:
5172:. (In Russian, retrieved 21 June 2020.)
5107:
5017:
4399:
4088:"Sakhalin Island | island, Russia"
3362:can be spotted around Sakhalin Island.
1757:shook the former Russian settlement of
1292:
1077:as the border between the Qing and the
593:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
268:72,492 km (27,989 sq mi)
6999:
6128:Map of the Sakhalin Hydrocarbon Region
6015:
5994:
5948:
5918:
5747:
5604:from the original on December 10, 2022
5559:
5455:"Railway a Gauge of Sakhalin's Future"
5245:Сахалин становится островом близнецов?
5113:
4666:
4654:
4586:
4574:
4559:
4438:
4411:
4354:
4342:
4220:
4061:– a geological formation on the island
3691:a bridge between Sakhalin and Hokkaidō
1867:The northernmost point of Sakhalin is
1814:, occur at Dui on the west coast; and
1654:In August 1945, after repudiating the
726:Island at the Mouth of the Black River
500:The island's name is derived from the
6903:
6576:
6154:
5896:
5364:
4678:
4532:
4516:Japan Focus: The Asia-Pacific Journal
4065:Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia
1841:was probably broader than it is now.
1461:In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the
1179:Japanese exploration and colonization
1098:, the clan of the father's side) and
604:Sakhalin has several names including
432:
6613:(38,610 sq mi) and greater
5903:University of British Columbia Press
5658:. September 27, 2006. Archived from
4855:The Correspondence of Charles Darwin
4450:
4444:
4366:
4261:
3733:adding citations to reliable sources
3704:
3666:In November 2008, Russian president
3622:. The island was formerly served by
2000:(5.5%). Smaller minorities were the
1492:In 1857, the Russians established a
60:
5769:
5213:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 36–37.
5199:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 64–65.
5157:
4544:
4197:A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture
4193:
4141:
4119:. February 18, 1998. Archived from
3924:The Sakhalin I project, managed by
3318:visit the sea coast, including the
1639:
954:Nurgan Regional Military Commission
13:
6140:Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin
6043:
6020:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
5949:Tanaka, Sakurako (Sherry) (2000).
5104:, CSMonitor.com. April 29, 2013.
4117:United Nations Environment Program
3874:, Sakhalin has experienced an oil
3032:
1469:, Russia forced China to sign the
14:
7063:
6930:Chinese historical placenames in
6121:
5695:. Sakhalin Energy. Archived from
5515:. The Moscow Times. July 19, 2013
5114:Ivanov, Andrey (March 27, 2003).
1711:
1384:Only with the 1787 expedition of
1016:
923:, a group of people known as the
763:is the proper Manchu name of the
6717:
6189:
6182:
6117:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
5774:, Harvard University Asia Center
5230:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
5118:. In Shahgedanova, Maria (ed.).
4038:
4024:
3709:
3549:
3534:
3041:Western Gray whale near Sakhalin
2051:(population about 40,000 each).
1925:
1913:
1901:
1458:surveyed and mapped the island.
892:conquered the Jin dynasty (1234)
820:Humans lived on Sakhalin in the
804:
573:
557:claim the southern Kuril Islands
190:
189:
182:
65:
7032:Islands of the Russian Far East
6799:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
6432:Ptichy Island (Shantar Islands)
5785:Hokutō Ajia no rekishi to bunka
5755:. University of Hawai'i Press.
5711:
5644:
5616:
5582:
5553:
5527:
5501:
5477:
5443:
5396:
5385:
5358:
5328:
5310:
5299:
5288:
5277:
5264:
5236:
5217:
5203:
5189:
5175:
5095:
5084:
5065:
5048:The Citizenship Law of the USSR
5038:
5011:
5000:
4975:
4963:
4951:
4931:
4915:
4882:
4838:
4813:
4782:
4728:
4699:
4672:
4630:"Time Table of Sakhalin Island"
4622:
4601:
4592:
4479:
4451:Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002) .
4360:
4142:Ros, Miquel (January 2, 2019).
3720:needs additional citations for
1937:
1785:, Japan, by the Soya Strait or
1656:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1605:off Sakhalin. They cruised for
1403:
1289:claimed that it was an island.
869:in the central region, and the
539:, the island was divided, with
6737:(7,722–38,610 sq mi)
6427:Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai)
6097:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
5873:Schlesinger, Jonathan (2017),
5741:
5600:. London. September 26, 2006.
4255:
4241:
4161:
4135:
3904:In 1996, two large consortia,
3641:
3109:, both Siberian silver birch (
2988:Precipitation totals in inches
1908:Sakhalin and its surroundings.
1047:
1038:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
933:
928:
646:
637:
629:
135:You may also add the template
1:
7037:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6502:Spafaryev, Ryabokon and Talan
6196:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6130:– at Blackbourn Geoconsulting
5819:新しいアイヌ史の構築 : 先史編・古代編・中世編
5306:Penguin International Limited
3988:
3867:averages less than 100 days.
3821:primary sector of the economy
3610:and to the Chinese cities of
1856:flows south-southeast to the
1522:Japanese invasion of Sakhalin
894:, they suffered raids by the
7027:Islands of the Pacific Ocean
6095:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
5830:Japanese Society on Karafuto
5632:. London. September 22, 2006
5413:(in Russian). Archived from
4982:Starbuck, Alexander (1878).
4070:
3582:and other cities of Russia.
3365:
3247:are fairly numerous (as are
1949:children in Sakhalin c. 1903
1772:
1508:Division along 50th parallel
1140:, situated midway along the
883:Mongol invasions of Sakhalin
745:
739:
733:
707:
684:
670:
652:
566:
16:Island in the Sea of Okhotsk
7:
7017:Geography of Northeast Asia
5934:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
5897:Smith, Norman, ed. (2017),
4227:. Basic Books. p. 11.
4017:
3426:Сахалинская железная дорога
3342:, or orca. The once-common
2547:Source: Weather Underground
2062:) who had not already been
1996:, followed by about 30,000
1386:Jean-François de La Pérouse
1377:natives of the lower Amur.
828:have been found at Dui and
620:
606:
457:. A marginal island of the
286:1,609 m (5279 ft)
10:
7068:
7022:Islands of Sakhalin Oblast
5228:(in Polish). Vol. 5.
5045:Ginsburgs, George (1983).
4767:, and were related to the
4171:. Sakh.com. Archived from
3966:International partnerships
3880:multinational corporations
3700:
3389:from the mainland port of
3387:Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry
3374:
2984:
2976:
2559:
2546:
2542:Precipitation totals in mm
2538:
2530:
2069:
1715:
1646:Invasion of South Sakhalin
1643:
1620:On June 7, 1855, the ship
1589:
1519:
1498:Treaty of Saint Petersburg
880:
865:in the southern half, the
799:
713:
694:
679:
662:
543:going to Japan. After the
510:
99:Machine translation, like
49:
32:
25:
18:
6938:
6734:
6712:
6610:
6202:
6090:(Times Group Books, 2017)
6083:(Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 2006)
5995:Walker, Brett L. (2006).
5881:Stanford University Press
5827:Nakayama, Taisho (2015),
5317:Sakhalin Shipping Company
5169:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4367:Gall, Timothy L. (1998).
4054:List of islands of Russia
3863:grow there, although the
3584:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport
3377:Sakhalin Shipping Company
3328:North Pacific right whale
3302:). The rivers swarm with
3275:) nearly everywhere. The
3101:) and the Kurile bamboo (
1749:On 27 May 1995, the 7.0 M
1584:Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1561:
1538:. In accordance with the
1369:(known to them under its
1363:Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli
1207:) in the spring of 1637.
968:
906:) at the junction of the
877:Yuan and Ming tributaries
813:Historical extent of the
615:
424:
394:
389:
358:
350:
342:
337:
326:
314:
305:
300:
290:
282:
272:
264:
227:
213:
208:
177:
168:
137:{{Translated|ru|Сахалин}}
80:the corresponding article
7052:Former Japanese colonies
6512:Trety, Krayny and Vtoroy
6016:Zgusta, Richard (2015).
5968:Journal of Asian History
5818:
5810:
5787:
5780:
5770:Kim, Loretta E. (2019),
5672:Citations for the date:
5485:
5405:
5244:
5018:Forsyth, James (1994) .
4476:Link is to partial text.
4200:. Springer. p. 24.
3932:from Sakhalin Island to
3843:. Limited quantities of
3468:3 ft 6 in
3306:, especially species of
3300:Phylloscopus borealoides
1431:Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1429:Anton Chekhov museum in
977:), assistant commander (
861:of Sakhalin include the
708:Sahaliyan ula angga hada
333: (pop. 174,203)
26:Not to be confused with
7047:Physiographic provinces
7042:Pacific Coast of Russia
6604:World's largest islands
6106:Encyclopædia Britannica
4736:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4707:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4092:Encyclopedia Britannica
3872:economic liberalization
3819:Sakhalin is a classic "
3646:The idea of building a
3470:) gauge to the Russian
3415:
3169:, as also the Japanese
1701:Treaty of San Francisco
1617:to the east and south.
1594:Between 1848 and 1902,
1567:), with the capital at
1343:Martin Gerritz de Vries
1198:, the second daimyō of
792:
461:, Sakhalin divides the
146:For more guidance, see
6844:Prince of Wales Island
5930:Stephan, John (1971).
5919:Sasaki, Shiro (1999),
5411:САЙТ О ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГЕ
5342:. 2007. Archived from
5322:July 29, 2016, at the
4679:Lower, Arthur (1978).
4194:Gan, Chunsong (2019).
4109:"Islands by Land Area"
3816:
3565:
3370:
3215:), red-berried elder (
3181:Phellodendron amurense
3058:
3051:Anaphalis margaritacea
3042:
1950:
1932:Zhdanko Mountain Ridge
1920:Velikan Cape, Sakhalin
1731:
1672:88th Infantry Division
1582:, with the capital at
1517:
1442:
1434:
1422:
1409:Russo-Japanese rivalry
1361:, Pierre Jartoux, and
1338:
1330:
1283:
1234:the Qing dynasty. The
1191:
1148:) or "village chief" (
1134:
1026:
1004:Ming Veritable Records
855:
817:
780:
581:This article contains
485:of the island are the
390:Additional information
283:Highest elevation
222:Northern Pacific Ocean
6735:20,000–99,999 km
6222:Baydukov and Belyakov
6074:In the Uttermost East
6054:A Journey to Sakhalin
5855:Narangoa, Li (2014),
5693:"Media Archives 2006"
5591:"Cynical in Sakhalin"
3942:liquefied natural gas
3813:liquefied natural gas
3810:
3541:A passenger train in
3494:D51 steam locomotives
3439:network extends from
3296:Sakhalin leaf warbler
3288:Nordmann's greenshank
3172:Kalopanax septemlobus
3048:
3040:
1945:
1755:Neftegorsk earthquake
1736:Korean Air Flight 007
1734:On 1 September 1983,
1725:
1548:Siberian Intervention
1515:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1390:northern "bottleneck"
1336:
1300:
1272:
1186:
1088:
1024:
850:
812:
769:
545:Siberian intervention
465:to its east from the
148:Knowledge:Translation
119:copyright attribution
5811:元・明代の史料にみえるアイヌとアイヌ文化
5681:on December 14, 2011
5541:. September 26, 2006
5539:Agence France-Presse
5465:on September 9, 2012
5373:on February 17, 2008
5340:JSC Russian Railways
5166:– an article in the
4846:Burkhardt, Frederick
4221:Westad, Odd (2012).
4123:on February 20, 2018
3997:18th Century to 1875
3729:improve this article
3558:D51 steam locomotive
3237:Eurasian river otter
3190:Euonymus macropterus
1666:, consisting of the
1540:Treaty of Portsmouth
1475:Convention of Peking
1293:European exploration
1073:, which defined the
354:6/km (16/sq mi)
40:. For the film, see
6979:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
6804:Axel Heiberg Island
6134:TransGlobal Highway
6115:Sakhalin: A History
6056:(1895), including:
5932:Sakhalin: a history
5662:on November 1, 2007
5336:"Sakhalin Railways"
5071:Sandford, Daniel, "
4795:. pp. 259–266.
4685:. UBC. p. 75.
4669:, pp. 149–150.
4562:, pp. 134–135.
4262:Reid, Anna (2003).
3823:" area, relying on
3095:Siberian dwarf pine
3083:Abies sachalinensis
3073:(or Yeddo) spruce (
2560:Imperial conversion
1798:Sakhalin Island Arc
1668:79th Rifle Division
1555:Karafuto Prefecture
1544:50th parallel north
1530:Karafuto Prefecture
1359:Jean-Baptiste Régis
1071:Treaty of Nerchinsk
634:traditional Chinese
473:and is the largest
434:[səxɐˈlʲin]
245: /
165:
6814:Southampton Island
6086:Ajay Kamalakaran,
6081:Sakhalin Unplugged
6079:Ajay Kamalakaran,
5959:10.14288/1.0076926
5624:"A deal is a deal"
5567:The New York Times
5417:on August 11, 2014
5346:on October 4, 2011
5270:Carson, Cameron, "
4636:on October 3, 2015
4001:Tokugawa Shogunate
3934:De-Kastri terminal
3817:
3451:operating between
3253:Sakhalin musk deer
3112:Betula platyphylla
3059:
3043:
3009:) in the south to
2077:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1951:
1763:Mercalli intensity
1732:
1683:evacuated to Japan
1536:Russo-Japanese War
1518:
1456:Nikolay Rudanovsky
1443:
1435:
1423:
1339:
1331:
1231:Tokugawa Shogunate
1192:
1075:Stanovoy Mountains
1027:
956:near the ruins of
856:
818:
743:means "river" and
626:simplified Chinese
537:Russo-Japanese War
483:indigenous peoples
437:) is an island in
327:Largest settlement
291:Highest point
163:
127:interlanguage link
6994:
6993:
6897:
6896:
6570:
6569:
6467:Sakharnaya Golova
6113:John J. Stephan,
6060:Saghalien Island
5844:978-1-315-75268-6
5781:「北からの蒙古襲来」をめぐる諸問題
5654:(Press release).
5129:978-0-19-823384-8
5116:"18 The Far East"
4926:Charles W. Morgan
4577:, pp. 87–89.
4175:on March 17, 2009
3805:
3804:
3797:
3779:
3656:Nikita Khrushchev
3344:Japanese sea lion
3218:Sambucus racemosa
3056:peacock butterfly
3000:humid continental
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2551:
2550:
2033:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1873:Schmidt Peninsula
1869:Cape of Elisabeth
1844:Main rivers: The
1787:La Pérouse Strait
1779:Strait of Tartary
1728:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1628:, was wrecked on
1613:to the north and
1573:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1463:Treaty of Shimoda
1451:Gennady Nevelskoy
1394:Strait of Tartary
1055:
859:Indigenous people
589:rendering support
561:La Pérouse Strait
541:Southern Sakhalin
417:
416:
331:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
159:
158:
92:
88:
7059:
6987:(Waixing'anling)
6924:
6917:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6859:Vancouver Island
6789:Alexander Island
6727:
6722:
6721:
6666:Ellesmere Island
6597:
6590:
6583:
6574:
6573:
6332:Khalpili Islands
6194:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6152:
6151:
6110:
6102:
6100:"Sakhalin"
6039:
6012:
5991:
5962:
5945:
5926:
5915:
5893:
5869:
5851:
5823:
5805:
5775:
5772:Ethnic Chrysalis
5766:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5699:on July 15, 2011
5690:
5688:
5686:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5593:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5461:. Archived from
5453:(July 7, 2008).
5451:The Moscow Times
5447:
5441:
5440:
5434:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5400:
5394:
5392:Gauge conversion
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5365:Dickinson, Rob.
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5332:
5326:
5314:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5252:on July 17, 2011
5240:
5234:
5233:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5081:, 3 August 2011.
5069:
5063:
5062:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5015:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4935:
4929:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4850:Secord, James A.
4842:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4757:Ke tcheng ta tse
4754:
4752:
4750:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4632:. Archived from
4626:
4620:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4572:
4563:
4557:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4507:
4494:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4331:
4328:Schlesinger 2017
4325:
4316:
4310:
4301:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4269:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4113:Island Directory
4105:
4096:
4095:
4094:. July 23, 2024.
4084:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
3919:waste management
3800:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3737:
3713:
3705:
3553:
3538:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3502:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3443:in the north to
3437:Sakhalin Railway
3430:Russian Railways
3422:Sakhalin Railway
3360:Steller sea lion
3322:Western Pacific
3213:red whortleberry
3196:Vitis thunbergii
3193:) and the vine (
2987:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2954:
2939:
2934:
2923:
2908:
2903:
2892:
2877:
2872:
2861:
2846:
2841:
2830:
2815:
2810:
2799:
2784:
2779:
2768:
2753:
2748:
2737:
2722:
2717:
2706:
2691:
2686:
2675:
2660:
2655:
2644:
2629:
2624:
2613:
2557:
2541:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2508:
2493:
2488:
2477:
2462:
2457:
2446:
2431:
2426:
2415:
2400:
2395:
2384:
2369:
2364:
2353:
2338:
2333:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2291:
2276:
2271:
2260:
2245:
2240:
2229:
2214:
2209:
2198:
2183:
2178:
2167:
2092:
2074:
2037:Sakhalin Koreans
1929:
1917:
1905:
1858:Gulf of Patience
1726:Central part of
1690:Sakhalin Koreans
1660:Yalta Conference
1640:Second World War
1630:Cape Levenshtern
1566:
1564:
1563:
1467:Second Opium War
1398:Nevelskoy Strait
1317:, discovered by
1281:
1196:Matsumae Kinhiro
1166:Qianlong Emperor
1132:
1105:
1097:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1040:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
935:
930:
795:
778:
762:
759:
756:
753:
748:
742:
736:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
719:
710:
697:
696:
687:
681:
673:
667:
666:
665:
655:
648:
639:
631:
623:
617:
609:
595: instead of
577:
576:
513:
512:
475:island of Russia
436:
431:
427:
426:
384:Sakhalin Koreans
260:
259:
257:
256:
255:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
218:Russian Far East
193:
192:
186:
173:
166:
162:
138:
132:
105:Google Translate
90:
86:
69:
68:
61:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7056:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6967:Sakhalin Island
6961:Blagoveshchensk
6951:(Shuangchengzi)
6934:
6932:Outer Manchuria
6928:
6898:
6893:
6874:Somerset Island
6809:Melville Island
6736:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6710:
6655:Victoria Island
6612:
6611:100,000 km
6606:
6601:
6571:
6566:
6472:Shantar Islands
6447:Rechnaya Matuga
6387:Morskaya Matuga
6317:Kamen Opasnosti
6247:Chastye Islands
6237:Bolshoy Shantar
6198:
6188:
6181:
6179:
6124:
6046:
6044:Further reading
6028:
6009:
5942:
5913:
5891:
5867:
5845:
5820:
5812:
5802:
5789:
5782:
5763:
5749:Hudson, Mark J.
5744:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5691:
5684:
5682:
5673:
5665:
5663:
5656:Sakhalin Energy
5650:
5649:
5645:
5635:
5633:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5607:
5605:
5597:Financial Times
5588:
5587:
5583:
5573:
5571:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5537:. Terra Daily.
5533:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5468:
5466:
5459:The RZD-Partner
5448:
5444:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5418:
5407:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5324:Wayback Machine
5315:
5311:
5304:
5300:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5269:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5222:
5218:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5112:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5085:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5016:
5012:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4936:
4932:
4920:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4852:, eds. (2015).
4843:
4839:
4826:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4783:
4748:
4746:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4581:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4531:
4527:
4508:
4497:
4484:
4480:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4406:
4398:, p. 415;
4394:
4390:
4383:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4334:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4304:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4260:
4256:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4005:Empire of Japan
3991:
3978:, United States
3968:
3801:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3738:
3736:
3726:
3714:
3703:
3672:Sakhalin Tunnel
3668:Dmitry Medvedev
3644:
3624:Alaska Airlines
3568:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3539:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:2 ft
3504:
3500:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:4 ft
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3418:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3292:Tringa guttifer
3153:), and several
3151:Taxus cuspidata
3134:Ulmus laciniata
3103:Sasa kurilensis
3075:Picea jezoensis
3035:
3033:Flora and fauna
2985:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
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2916:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
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2761:
2755:
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2749:
2746:
2744:
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2735:
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2730:
2724:
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2715:
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2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2689:
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2684:
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2679:
2676:
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2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
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2640:
2637:
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2627:
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2622:
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2617:
2614:
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2609:
2606:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2522:
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2517:
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2486:
2484:
2481:
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2475:
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2460:
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2455:
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2433:
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2429:
2427:
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2422:
2419:
2416:
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2402:
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2398:
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2329:
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2320:
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2305:
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2300:
2298:
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2287:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
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2269:
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2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2082:Climate chart (
2072:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1921:
1918:
1909:
1906:
1775:
1761:with a maximum
1752:
1720:
1718:Sakhalin Oblast
1714:
1652:
1642:
1624:(396 tons), of
1592:
1580:Sakhalin Oblast
1558:
1532:
1526:Sakhalin Oblast
1510:
1473:(1858) and the
1471:Treaty of Aigun
1419:Khabarovsk Krai
1411:
1406:
1295:
1282:
1280:Brett L. Walker
1279:
1200:Matsumae Domain
1181:
1133:
1130:
1103:
1095:
1079:Russian Empires
1061:
1059:
1019:
920:History of Yuan
885:
879:
807:
802:
779:
776:
760:
757:
754:
751:
749:
728:
725:
722:
717:
715:
711:
663:
602:
601:
600:
597:Manchu alphabet
587:Without proper
578:
574:
569:
471:Sakhalin Oblast
443:Khabarovsk Krai
429:
413:
321:Sakhalin Oblast
316:Federal subject
310:
253:
251:
247:
244:
239:
236:
234:
232:
231:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
194:
155:
154:
153:
136:
130:
93:
70:
66:
59:
48:
43:Sakhalin Island
36:Sakhalin Island
31:
24:
21:Sakhalin Oblast
17:
12:
11:
5:
7065:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7012:Ainu geography
7009:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6985:Stanovoy Range
6982:
6976:
6970:
6964:
6958:
6952:
6946:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6927:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6904:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6879:Kotelny Island
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6794:Severny Island
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6740:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6725:Islands portal
6713:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6607:
6600:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6577:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6497:Sivuch'i Rocks
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6397:Nedorazumeniya
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6312:Kamen-Mukdykyn
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6252:Chetyre Paltsa
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6178:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6123:
6122:External links
6120:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6066:Across Siberia
6063:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6026:
6013:
6007:
5992:
5974:(2): 131–155.
5963:
5946:
5940:
5927:
5916:
5911:
5894:
5889:
5870:
5865:
5852:
5843:
5824:
5806:
5800:
5776:
5767:
5761:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5725:. June 2, 2021
5710:
5643:
5615:
5581:
5570:. p. C.11
5552:
5526:
5500:
5476:
5442:
5395:
5384:
5357:
5327:
5309:
5298:
5287:
5276:
5263:
5235:
5216:
5202:
5188:
5174:
5156:
5142:
5128:
5106:
5094:
5083:
5064:
5057:
5037:
5030:
5010:
4999:
4992:
4974:
4962:
4950:
4930:
4922:Mary and Susan
4914:
4881:
4864:
4837:
4812:
4781:
4727:
4698:
4691:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4621:
4600:
4591:
4579:
4564:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4495:
4478:
4463:
4443:
4441:, p. 133.
4428:
4426:, p. 415.
4416:
4404:
4388:
4381:
4359:
4347:
4345:, p. 226.
4332:
4330:, p. 135.
4317:
4302:
4300:, p. 295.
4287:
4280:
4254:
4240:
4233:
4213:
4206:
4186:
4160:
4134:
4097:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4046:Islands portal
4035:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4008:
3998:
3995:Russian Empire
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3979:
3967:
3964:
3926:Exxon Neftegas
3865:growing season
3803:
3802:
3717:
3715:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3695:Vladimir Putin
3683:Viktor Ishayev
3643:
3640:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3533:
3417:
3414:
3375:Main article:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3358:and the giant
3263:, and various
3177:Amur cork tree
3091:Larix gmelinii
3087:Dahurian larch
3034:
3031:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
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2459:
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2451:
2448:
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2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2381:
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2375:
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2372:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2068:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1900:
1890:Moneron Island
1850:Sea of Okhotsk
1774:
1771:
1750:
1744:Larry McDonald
1740:Moneron Island
1716:Main article:
1713:
1712:Recent history
1710:
1641:
1638:
1591:
1588:
1509:
1506:
1485:) and east of
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1294:
1291:
1277:
1180:
1177:
1156:). In 1732, 6
1128:
1018:
1017:Qing tributary
1015:
984:zhǐhuī qiānshì
881:Main article:
878:
875:
873:in the north.
806:
803:
801:
798:
774:
591:, you may see
579:
572:
571:
570:
568:
565:
463:Sea of Okhotsk
439:Northeast Asia
422:(Russian:
415:
414:
412:
411:
400:
398:
392:
391:
387:
386:
360:
356:
355:
352:
348:
347:
346:489,638 (2019)
344:
340:
339:
335:
334:
328:
324:
323:
318:
312:
311:
306:
303:
302:
301:Administration
298:
297:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
229:
225:
224:
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
196:
195:
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
174:
157:
156:
152:
151:
144:
133:
111:
108:
97:
94:
75:
74:
73:
71:
64:
28:Sacalin Island
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7064:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6933:
6925:
6920:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6849:Yuzhny Island
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
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6767:
6765:
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6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
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6742:
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6739:
6733:
6726:
6720:
6715:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6661:Great Britain
6659:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:Baffin Island
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6609:
6605:
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6515:
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6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
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6488:
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6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
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6470:
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6443:
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6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6352:Kuril Islands
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6232:Bolshoy Chome
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6192:
6185:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6162:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6107:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6072:C. H. Hawes,
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6050:Anton Chekhov
6048:
6047:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6027:9789004300439
6023:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6008:0-520-24834-1
6004:
6000:
5999:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5941:9780198215509
5937:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5917:
5914:
5912:9780774832908
5908:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5892:
5890:9781503600683
5886:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:9780231160704
5862:
5858:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5807:
5803:
5801:9784832967342
5797:
5793:
5786:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5762:9780824864194
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5698:
5694:
5680:
5676:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5592:
5585:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5488:
5480:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5438:
5432:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5399:
5393:
5388:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5267:
5251:
5247:
5239:
5232:. p. 66.
5231:
5227:
5220:
5212:
5206:
5198:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5131:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5060:
5058:90-247-2863-0
5054:
5050:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5031:0-521-47771-9
5027:
5023:
5022:
5014:
5008:
5003:
4995:
4993:1-55521-537-8
4989:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4894:The Economist
4891:
4885:
4878:
4867:
4865:9781316473184
4861:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4834:
4822:
4816:
4808:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4785:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4731:
4715:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4694:
4692:9780774843522
4688:
4684:
4683:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4657:, p. 88.
4656:
4651:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4595:
4589:, p. 87.
4588:
4583:
4576:
4571:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4554:
4547:, p. 81.
4546:
4541:
4535:, p. 83.
4534:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4466:
4464:0-295-98124-5
4460:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4424:Nakamura 2010
4420:
4414:, p. 96.
4413:
4408:
4402:, p. 21.
4401:
4397:
4396:Nakamura 2010
4392:
4384:
4382:0-7876-0552-2
4378:
4373:
4372:
4363:
4357:, p. 64.
4356:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4315:, p. 20.
4314:
4313:Nakayama 2015
4309:
4307:
4299:
4298:Narangoa 2014
4294:
4292:
4283:
4281:0-8027-1399-8
4277:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4258:
4250:
4244:
4236:
4234:9780465029365
4230:
4226:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4207:9789811388675
4203:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:Ryugase Group
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4032:Russia portal
4022:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3984:, South Korea
3983:
3982:Jeju Province
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3796:
3788:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746: –
3745:
3741:
3740:Find sources:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3718:This section
3716:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:Petropavlovsk
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3590:, Japan, and
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3497:
3495:
3472:1,520 mm
3464:1,067 mm
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:Kuril Islands
3378:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3346:and Japanese
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:bowhead whale
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:Erman's birch
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2983:
2975:
2943:
2912:
2881:
2850:
2819:
2788:
2757:
2726:
2695:
2664:
2633:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2497:
2466:
2435:
2404:
2373:
2342:
2311:
2280:
2249:
2218:
2187:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:Cape Khalpili
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1839:Arctic Oceans
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:conglomerates
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1557:(Karafuto-chō
1556:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1502:Anton Chekhov
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:Kuril Islands
1439:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1347:Cape Patience
1345:, who mapped
1344:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:Cape Patience
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Matsumae clan
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Matsumae clan
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1127:
1125:
1124:Eight Banners
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
996:
986:
976:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
926:
922:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Udege peoples
897:
893:
890:
884:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
816:
811:
805:Early history
797:
794:
789:
785:
773:
768:
766:
747:
746:sahaliyan ula
741:
735:
709:
704:
699:
691:
686:
677:
672:
659:
654:
649:
643:
635:
627:
622:
613:
608:
598:
594:
590:
586:
584:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:Kuril Islands
529:
525:
521:
517:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
421:
409:
405:
402:
401:
399:
397:
393:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
359:Ethnic groups
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
329:
325:
322:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
299:
296:
295:Mount Lopatin
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
207:
185:
176:
172:
167:
161:
149:
145:
142:
134:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
96:
95:
89:
83:
81:
76:You can help
72:
63:
62:
57:
53:
46:
44:
39:
37:
29:
22:
6945:(Haishenwai)
6784:Devon Island
6769:Banks Island
6763:
6696:Newfoundland
6686:North Island
6676:South Island
6461:
6457:Rovny Island
6367:Maly Shantar
6307:Ivyinichaman
6217:Banka Zotova
6114:
6104:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6017:
5997:
5971:
5967:
5950:
5931:
5921:
5898:
5875:
5856:
5849:Google Books
5847:– via
5829:
5815:
5791:
5784:
5771:
5752:
5727:. Retrieved
5722:
5713:
5701:. Retrieved
5697:the original
5683:. Retrieved
5679:the original
5664:. Retrieved
5660:the original
5646:
5634:. Retrieved
5627:
5618:
5606:. Retrieved
5595:
5584:
5572:. Retrieved
5565:
5555:
5543:. Retrieved
5529:
5517:. Retrieved
5512:
5503:
5491:. Retrieved
5479:
5467:. Retrieved
5463:the original
5458:
5445:
5419:. Retrieved
5415:the original
5410:
5398:
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5371:the original
5360:
5348:. Retrieved
5344:the original
5330:
5312:
5301:
5290:
5279:
5266:
5254:. Retrieved
5250:the original
5238:
5225:
5219:
5210:
5205:
5196:
5191:
5182:
5177:
5167:
5159:
5133:. Retrieved
5119:
5109:
5097:
5086:
5076:
5067:
5047:
5040:
5020:
5013:
5002:
4983:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4958:William Wirt
4957:
4953:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4905:. Retrieved
4893:
4884:
4876:
4869:. Retrieved
4854:
4840:
4832:
4825:. Retrieved
4815:
4791:
4784:
4768:
4765:Dondon River
4756:
4747:. Retrieved
4740:
4730:
4718:. Retrieved
4711:
4701:
4681:
4674:
4662:
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4634:the original
4624:
4608:
4603:
4594:
4582:
4540:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4481:
4468:. Retrieved
4453:
4446:
4419:
4407:
4400:Stephan 1971
4391:
4370:
4362:
4350:
4265:
4257:
4248:
4243:
4223:
4216:
4196:
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4173:the original
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:the original
4112:
4091:
4011:Qing dynasty
3961:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:Tatar Strait
3923:
3903:
3869:
3818:
3791:
3782:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3739:
3727:Please help
3722:verification
3719:
3680:
3665:
3645:
3569:
3498:
3461:
3434:
3419:
3411:
3407:
3380:
3356:ringed seals
3340:killer whale
3336:beluga whale
3314:). Numerous
3312:Oncorhynchus
3311:
3299:
3291:
3231:
3216:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3170:
3150:
3147:Japanese yew
3143:Prunus padus
3142:
3132:
3120:
3110:
3102:
3099:Pinus pumila
3098:
3090:
3082:
3079:Sakhalin fir
3074:
3060:
3049:
3027:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2054:The 400,000
2053:
2041:World War II
2030:
1991:
1952:
1938:Demographics
1887:
1880:
1877:Cape Crillon
1866:
1843:
1802:
1791:
1776:
1766:
1748:
1733:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1653:
1621:
1619:
1615:right whales
1593:
1577:
1552:
1533:
1494:penal colony
1491:
1479:Heilongjiang
1460:
1444:
1404:19th century
1383:
1379:
1340:
1326:
1323:Cape Crillon
1303:earlier work
1287:Mamiya Rinzō
1284:
1273:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1228:
1209:
1193:
1188:Mamiya Rinzō
1174:
1170:Rinzo Mamiya
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1131:Shiro Sasaki
1119:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1046:
1031:Qing dynasty
1028:
1009:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
966:
949:
946:Ming dynasty
944:The Chinese
943:
939:Yuan dynasty
932:
924:
918:
916:
886:
857:
819:
787:
783:
781:
770:
700:
645:
603:
580:
553:World War II
505:
499:
467:Sea of Japan
459:West Pacific
419:
418:
351:Pop. density
338:Demographics
307:
160:
123:edit summary
114:
87:(March 2022)
85:
77:
56:Heilongjiang
42:
35:
6963:(Hailanpao)
6943:Vladivostok
6839:New Britain
6824:Spitsbergen
6552:Yengalychev
6547:Yam Islands
6482:Shiashkotan
6337:Kharimkotan
6272:Dobrzhansky
6257:Chirinkotan
6062:(1891–1895)
5788:北東アジアの歴史と文化
5742:Works cited
5513:RIA Novosti
4938:Eliza Adams
4827:October 31,
4769:Yupi ta tse
4667:Walker 2006
4655:Sasaki 1999
4587:Sasaki 1999
4575:Sasaki 1999
4560:Walker 2006
4439:Walker 2006
4412:Zgusta 2015
4355:Zgusta 2015
4343:Hudson 1999
4013:, 1636–1872
3910:Sakhalin-II
3833:coal mining
3785:August 2022
3685:proposed a
3642:Fixed links
3580:Vladivostok
3556:A Japanese
3501:750 mm
3449:train ferry
3267:(including
3139:bird cherry
2084:explanation
1611:gray whales
1244:Ulch people
1142:Mudan River
1029:The Manchu
950:ximin tizhi
904:Tyr, Russia
815:Ainu people
777:T. Nakayama
758:Black River
252: /
228:Coordinates
7001:Categories
6955:Khabarovsk
6759:Hispaniola
6635:Madagascar
6625:New Guinea
6422:Prokofyeva
6412:Paramushir
6362:Makanrushi
6282:Feklistova
6207:Antsiferov
5608:October 2,
4986:. Castle.
4970:The Friend
4946:Sea Breeze
4871:October 3,
4640:August 16,
4617:4480856684
4533:Smith 2017
4153:January 6,
4148:CNN Travel
3989:Claimed by
3976:Washington
3972:Gig Harbor
3906:Sakhalin-I
3895:ExxonMobil
3861:vegetables
3755:newspapers
3744:"Sakhalin"
3648:fixed link
3576:Khabarovsk
3352:Yellow Sea
3334:, and the
3324:gray whale
3320:endangered
3294:) and the
3285:endangered
3233:Brown bear
3201:cloudberry
3121:B. ermanii
3085:) and the
3067:coniferous
2006:Ukrainians
1955:Ukrainians
1894:Ush Island
1881:See also:
1823:sandstones
1808:limestones
1805:Cretaceous
1759:Neftegorsk
1644:See also:
1626:New London
1599:whaleships
1520:See also:
1327:Black Cape
887:After the
765:Amur River
705:called it
680:Бугата на̄
343:Population
249:51°N 143°E
82:in Russian
6981:(Miaojie)
6975:(Nibuchu)
6973:Nerchinsk
6969:(Kuyedao)
6949:Ussuriysk
6774:Sri Lanka
6620:Greenland
6382:Menshikov
6287:Glinyanyy
6147:from 1854
6036:912504787
5980:0021-910X
5835:Routledge
5629:The Times
5519:March 29,
4907:March 28,
4902:0013-0613
4801:cite book
4071:Citations
4007:1840–1875
3831:exports,
3628:Anchorage
3366:Transport
3348:sea otter
3316:cetaceans
3261:squirrels
3223:raspberry
3209:crowberry
3205:cranberry
3065:, mostly
3011:subarctic
2064:evacuated
1862:Aniva Bay
1812:ammonites
1794:orography
1773:Geography
1664:16th Army
1634:whale oil
1622:Jefferson
1571:(today's
1307:d'Anville
1205:Poronaysk
1194:In 1635,
1146:hala-i-da
994:wèizhènfǔ
974:zhǐhuīshǐ
842:Aniva Bay
822:Neolithic
750:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
734:Sahaliyan
714:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
671:Bugata nā
664:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
653:Sahaliyan
567:Etymology
531:northern
511:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
506:Sahaliyan
404:UTC+11:00
396:Time zone
362:majority
274:Area rank
209:Geography
141:talk page
7007:Sakhalin
6884:Sardinia
6779:Tasmania
6764:Sakhalin
6754:Hokkaido
6744:Mindanao
6671:Sulawesi
6657:(Canada)
6562:Zubchaty
6557:Zavyalov
6537:Ushishir
6492:Simushir
6477:Shelikan
6462:Sakhalin
6402:Onekotan
6392:Nansikan
6377:Medvezhy
6347:Kunashir
6292:Hokkaido
6242:Broutona
5988:41933457
5751:(1999).
5703:June 17,
5685:June 17,
5666:June 17,
5636:June 17,
5602:Archived
5574:June 17,
5545:June 17,
5493:June 17,
5469:June 17,
5431:cite web
5421:June 17,
5377:June 16,
5350:June 17,
5320:Archived
5256:June 16,
5135:July 16,
4749:June 16,
4738:(1736).
4720:June 16,
4709:(1736).
4545:Kim 2019
4487:Sei Wada
4470:June 16,
4179:June 16,
4127:June 16,
4018:See also
3891:trillion
3837:forestry
3660:Eurasian
3612:Shanghai
3588:Hakodate
3519: in
3490: in
3445:Korsakov
3403:Wakkanai
3249:reindeer
3221:), wild
2056:Japanese
2049:Korsakov
2024:and 750
1994:Russians
1983:Japanese
1981:, 0.81%
1977:, 0.95%
1973:, 2.82%
1875:, while
1835:Pliocene
1816:Tertiary
1783:Hokkaido
1753:
1705:Hokkaido
1697:disputed
1676:Toyohara
1596:American
1569:Toyohara
1319:de Vries
1278:—
1268:Nagasaki
1154:mokun-da
1150:gasan-da
1138:Ningguta
1129:—
1048:Kùyè dǎo
852:De Vries
775:—
716:ᡠᠯᠠ ᠠᠩᡤᠠ
612:Japanese
607:Karafuto
479:Russians
455:Hokkaido
425:Сахали́н
420:Sakhalin
380:Japanese
364:Russians
214:Location
197:Sakhalin
164:Sakhalin
117:provide
6889:Bananal
6749:Ireland
6706:Iceland
6645:Sumatra
6517:Tyuleny
6487:Shumshu
6452:Reyneke
6442:Rasshua
6437:Raikoke
6417:Pilamif
6322:Kekurny
6262:Chkalov
6227:Belichy
6212:Atlasov
5729:June 3,
5723:Reuters
4272:148–150
3950:Gazprom
3887:barrels
3884:billion
3841:fishing
3769:scholar
3701:Economy
3687:railway
3676:roubles
3636:Magadan
3608:Sapporo
3604:Niigata
3543:Nogliki
3514:⁄
3485:⁄
3457:Kholmsk
3441:Nogliki
3281:endemic
3265:rodents
3241:red fox
3227:Spiraea
3185:spindle
3183:), the
3155:willows
3107:Birches
3077:), the
3063:forests
3023:Irkutsk
2070:Climate
2045:Kholmsk
1998:Koreans
1987:Koreans
1979:Germans
1969:, 5.1%
1965:, 5.4%
1961:, 5.8%
1957:, 7.0%
1871:on the
1854:Poronay
1767:Violent
1765:of IX (
1607:bowhead
1601:hunted
1590:Whaling
1356:Jesuits
1311:Jesuits
1264:jittoku
1260:nishiki
1248:mangpao
1212:Ōtomari
1120:duanpao
1116:mangpao
1112:brocade
1067:Manchus
1065:). The
1035:Chinese
962:Yishiha
889:Mongols
838:middens
834:Olonets
830:Kusunai
826:Siberia
800:History
703:Manchus
647:Kùyèdǎo
549:seizing
366:, some
254:51; 143
139:to the
121:in the
84:.
6957:(Boli)
6869:Sicily
6854:Hainan
6834:Taiwan
6829:Kyushu
6819:Marajó
6650:Honshu
6630:Borneo
6542:Utichy
6407:Oremif
6357:Kusova
6302:Iturup
6277:Ekarma
6034:
6024:
6005:
5986:
5978:
5938:
5909:
5887:
5863:
5841:
5798:
5759:
5126:
5055:
5028:
4990:
4900:
4862:
4761:Hezhen
4689:
4615:
4461:
4379:
4278:
4231:
4204:
3857:barley
3839:, and
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3652:tunnel
3634:, and
3620:Harbin
3616:Dalian
3606:, and
3572:Moscow
3453:Vanino
3399:timber
3391:Vanino
3330:, the
3308:salmon
3225:, and
3175:, the
3125:poplar
3115:) and
3069:. The
3019:Harbin
3004:Köppen
2960:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2929:
2926:
2918:
2915:
2898:
2895:
2887:
2884:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2853:
2836:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2805:
2802:
2794:
2791:
2774:
2771:
2763:
2760:
2743:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2712:
2709:
2701:
2698:
2681:
2678:
2670:
2667:
2650:
2647:
2639:
2636:
2619:
2616:
2608:
2605:
2514:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2483:
2480:
2472:
2469:
2452:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2421:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2390:
2387:
2379:
2376:
2359:
2356:
2348:
2345:
2328:
2325:
2317:
2314:
2297:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2252:
2235:
2232:
2224:
2221:
2204:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2173:
2170:
2162:
2159:
2022:Nivkhs
2018:Evenks
2014:Sakhas
2010:Tatars
1967:Tatars
1852:. The
1829:, and
1730:, 2009
1603:whales
1528:, and
1487:Ussuri
1371:Manchu
1256:chaofu
1254:, and
1240:Honshu
1224:Honshu
1162:gasban
1100:gashan
1062:ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᠠ
1045::
1043:pinyin
1037::
999:marten
871:Nivkhs
793:koushi
695:Ых-миф
685:Yh-mif
660::
658:Manchu
644::
642:pinyin
636::
628::
583:Manchu
522:, and
502:Manchu
495:Nivkhs
493:, and
481:. The
447:Russia
382:&
308:Russia
45:(film)
38:(book)
6864:Timor
6691:Luzon
6522:Umara
6507:Telan
6372:Matua
6342:Konus
6327:Ketoy
5984:JSTOR
5790:[
4777:Nanai
4522:(22).
3899:Shell
3849:wheat
3776:JSTOR
3762:books
3626:from
3600:Tokyo
3596:Busan
3592:Seoul
3245:sable
3163:rowan
3159:maple
3054:with
2026:Oroks
1975:Oroks
1963:Poles
1959:Nivkh
1947:Nivkh
1831:clays
1827:marls
1375:Nanai
1351:Dutch
1160:, 18
1104:ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
1011:Nivkh
934:Gǔwéi
925:Guwei
912:Amgun
896:Nivkh
867:Oroks
690:Nivkh
585:text.
528:China
504:word
491:Oroks
451:Japan
368:Nivkh
240:143°E
101:DeepL
52:Heihe
6701:Cuba
6681:Java
6527:Urup
6297:Iony
6032:OCLC
6022:ISBN
6003:ISBN
5976:ISSN
5936:ISBN
5907:ISBN
5885:ISBN
5861:ISBN
5839:ISBN
5796:ISBN
5757:ISBN
5731:2021
5705:2010
5687:2010
5668:2010
5638:2010
5610:2006
5576:2010
5547:2010
5521:2014
5495:2010
5471:2010
5437:link
5423:2010
5379:2010
5352:2010
5258:2010
5164:Тымь
5137:2008
5124:ISBN
5053:ISBN
5026:ISBN
4988:ISBN
4942:Erie
4909:2024
4898:ISSN
4873:2020
4860:ISBN
4829:2021
4807:link
4775:and
4773:Ulch
4751:2010
4722:2010
4687:ISBN
4642:2015
4613:ISBN
4472:2010
4459:ISBN
4377:ISBN
4276:ISBN
4229:ISBN
4202:ISBN
4181:2010
4155:2019
4129:2010
3914:US$
3908:and
3897:and
3876:boom
3859:and
3853:oats
3827:and
3748:news
3618:and
3594:and
3523:Okha
3455:and
3435:The
3416:Rail
3397:and
3395:coal
3304:fish
3277:bird
3273:mice
3271:and
3269:rats
3257:hare
3243:and
3165:and
3071:Yezo
2060:Ainu
2047:and
2016:and
2002:Ainu
1971:Ainu
1892:and
1792:Its
1648:and
1609:and
1483:Amur
1367:Amur
1262:and
1252:bufu
1158:hala
1108:hala
1096:ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
1092:hala
1083:Amur
1060:ᡴᡠᠶᡝ
1054:lit.
979:指揮僉事
910:and
908:Amur
898:and
863:Ainu
788:i.e.
784:kuyi
718:ᡥᠠᡩᠠ
701:The
682:),
676:Orok
621:Kuye
524:Qing
520:Ming
516:Yuan
487:Ainu
430:IPA:
408:MAGT
376:Ainu
372:Orok
278:23rd
265:Area
237:51°N
115:must
113:You
54:and
6532:Ush
5955:doi
5078:BBC
5075:",
4489:, ‘
3845:rye
3829:gas
3825:oil
3731:by
3566:Air
3371:Sea
3167:oak
3145:),
3137:),
3129:elm
3123:),
3105:).
3021:or
3015:Dfc
3007:Dfb
2953:2.5
2922:3.2
2891:3.9
2860:4.2
2829:4.1
2798:3.4
2767:2.1
2736:2.7
2705:2.2
2674:1.7
2643:1.7
2612:1.9
2523:−17
2414:107
2383:105
2244:−13
2213:−19
2182:−18
1846:Tym
1562:樺太庁
1305:by
1226:).
1220:Ezo
1152:or
1039:库页岛
989:衛鎮撫
969:指揮使
958:Tyr
840:on
752:ᡠᠯᠠ
740:ula
698:).
668:),
650:),
638:庫頁島
630:库页岛
618:),
453:'s
445:in
103:or
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5429:{{
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2368:11
2363:19
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2321:54
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2290:69
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2259:57
2239:−2
2228:42
2208:−7
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