1195:
1938:
1926:
1449:
1437:
1685:. Although the Soviet Red Army outnumbered the Japanese by three to one, they advanced only slowly due to strong Japanese resistance. It was not until the 113th Rifle Brigade and the 365th Independent Naval Infantry Rifle Battalion from Sovetskaya Gavan landed on Tōro, a seashore village of western Karafuto, on August 16 that the Soviets broke the Japanese defense line. Japanese resistance grew weaker after this landing. Actual fighting continued until August 21. From August 22 to August 23, most remaining Japanese units agreed to a ceasefire. The Soviets completed the conquest of Karafuto on August 25, 1945, by occupying the capital of
1954:
1033:
1914:
195:
1425:
3819:
1811:. Nearly two-thirds of Sakhalin is mountainous. Two parallel ranges of mountains traverse it from north to south, reaching 600–1,500 m (2,000–4,900 ft). The Western Sakhalin Mountains peak in Mount Ichara, 1,481 m (4,859 ft), while the Eastern Sakhalin Mountains's highest peak, Mount Lopatin 1,609 m (5,279 ft), is also the island's highest mountain. Tym-Poronaiskaya Valley separates the two ranges. Susuanaisky and Tonino-Anivsky ranges traverse the island in the south, while the swampy Northern-Sakhalin plain occupies most of its north.
3562:
1345:
1309:
78:
821:
1286:
Takahashi Jidayú and
Nakamura Koichiró only confirmed earlier observations: Sakhalin and Sóya Ainu traded foreign goods at trading posts, and because of the pressure to meet quotas, they fell into debt. These goods, the officials confirmed, originated at Qing posts, where continental traders acquired them during tributary ceremonies. The information contained in these types of reports turned out to be a serious blow to the future of Matsumae's trade monopoly in Ezo.
3547:
3057:
6730:
4051:
3722:
859:
1734:
6195:
182:
4037:
6202:
586:
1524:
202:
3959:
rerouted the pipeline to avoid the whale migration. After a doubling in the projected cost, the
Russian government threatened to halt the project for environmental reasons. There have been suggestions that the Russian government is using the environmental issues as a pretext for obtaining a greater share of revenues from the project and/or forcing involvement by the state-controlled
1155:, to handle fur from the lower Amur and Sakhalin. Tribute was supposed to be brought to regional offices, but the lower Amur and Sakhalin were considered too remote, so the Qing sent officials directly to these regions every year to collect tribute and to present awards. By the 1730s, the Qing had appointed senior figures among the indigenous communities as "clan chief" (
1137:(at the time equivalent to Chinese aristocrats) by marrying an official's adopted daughter. Further, the tribute payers were allowed to engage in trade with officials and merchants at the tribute location. By these policies, the Qing dynasty brought political stability to the region and established the basis for commerce and economic development.
4504:’, Memoirs of the Research Department of Toyo Bunko, no. 10, 1938, pp. 40‒102) (Shina no kisai ni arawaretaru Kokuryuko karyuiki no dojin 支那の記載に現はれたる黒龍江下流域の土人( The natives on the lower reaches of the Amur river as represented in Chinese records), Tõagaku 5, vol . 1, Sept. 1939.) Wada, ‘Natives of the Lower Reaches of the Amur River’, p. 82.
3537:
1907:. Moneron, the only land mass in the Tatar strait, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) long and 5.6 km (3.5 mi) wide, is about 24 nautical miles (44 km) west from the nearest coast of Sakhalin and 41 nmi (76 km) from the port city of Nevelsk. Ush Island is an island off of the northern coast of Sakhalin.
1844:, folded by subsequent upheavals, are found in many parts of the island. The clays, which contain layers of good coal and abundant fossilized vegetation, show that during the Miocene period, Sakhalin formed part of a continent which comprised north Asia, Alaska, and Japan, and enjoyed a comparatively warm climate. The
3958:
Sakhalin II has come under fire from environmental groups, namely
Sakhalin Environment Watch, for dumping dredging material in Aniva Bay. These groups were also worried about the offshore pipelines interfering with the migration of whales off the island. The consortium has (as of January 2006)
4752:
Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
4723:
Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
3039:
Precipitation is heavy, owing to the strong onshore winds in summer and the high frequency of North
Pacific storms affecting the island in the autumn. It ranges from around 500 millimetres (20 in) on the northwest coast to over 1,200 millimetres (47 in) in southern mountainous regions. In
3950:
A second consortium, Sakhalin Energy
Investment Company Ltd (Sakhalin Energy), is managing the Sakhalin II project. It has completed the first production-sharing agreement (PSA) with the Russian Federation. Sakhalin Energy will build two 800-km pipelines running from the northeast of the island to
1244:
on the Ainu of southern
Sakhalin increased significantly. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Japanese economic zone extended midway up the east coast, to Taraika. With the exception of the Nayoro Ainu located on the west coast in close proximity to China, most Ainu stopped paying tribute to
1096:
estuary and demanded that the residents, including the
Sakhalin Ainu, pay tribute. This was followed by several further visits to the island as part of the Qing effort to map the area. To enforce its influence, the Qing sent soldiers and mandarins across Sakhalin, reaching most parts of the island
782:
The Qing dynasty called
Sakhalin ‘Kuyedao’ (‘the island of Ainu’) and the indigenous people paid tribute to the Chinese empire. However, there was no formalized border around the island. The Qing dynasty was a pre- modern or ‘world empire’ which did not place emphasis on demarcating borders in the
1285:
Mogami's interest in the Sakhalin trade intensified when he learned that Yaenkoroaino, the above-mentioned elder from Nayoro, possessed a memorandum written in Manchurian, which stated that the Ainu elder was an official of the Qing state. Later surveys on Sakhalin by shogunal officials such as
541:
was loose for the most part. Sakhalin was later claimed by both Russia and Japan over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. These disputes sometimes involved military conflicts and divisions of the island between the two powers. In 1875, Japan ceded its claims to Russia in exchange for the
1391:
The Jesuits did not have a chance to visit the island, and the geographical information provided by the Nanai people and Manchus who had been to the island was insufficient to allow them to identify it as the land visited by de Vries in 1643. As a result, many 17th-century maps showed a rather
1194:
1718:
currently administered by Russia were not subject to this renunciation. Japan granted mutual exchange visas for Japanese and Ainu families divided by the change in status. Recently, economic and political cooperation has gradually improved between the two nations despite disagreements.
4609:(Shiro Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities Between the Russian and Chinese Empires’, Senri Ethnological Studies, vol. 92, 2016, pp. 161‒193.) Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities’, p. 173.
1018:, these posts, like the position of headman, were hereditary and passed down the patrilineal line. During these tributary missions, the headmen would bring their sons, who later inherited their titles. In return for tribute, the Ming awarded them with silk uniforms.
1175:, and 148 households were registered as tribute bearers in Sakhalin. Manchu officials gave tribute missions rice, salt, other necessities, and gifts during the duration of their mission. Tribute missions occurred during the summer months. During the reign of the
3673:
railway network. It was claimed that construction work could begin as early as 2001. The idea was received skeptically by the Japanese government and appears to have been shelved, probably permanently, after the cost was estimated at as much as $ 50 billion.
948:, the Nivkh name for Ainu) from Sakhalin invaded and fought with the Jilimi (Nivkh people) every year. On 30 November 1264, the Mongols attacked the Ainu. The Ainu resisted the Mongol invasions but by 1308 had been subdued. They paid tribute to the Mongol
1800:. Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia, being 948 km (589 mi) long, and 25 to 170 km (16 to 106 mi) wide, with an area of 72,492 km (27,989 sq mi). It lies at similar latitudes to England, Wales and Ireland.
1476:, which declared that nationals of both countries could inhabit the island: Russians in the north, and Japanese in the south, without a clearly defined boundary between. Russia also agreed to dismantle its military base at Ootomari. Following the
3927:
21 billion on the two projects; costs had almost doubled to $ 37 billion as of September 2006, triggering Russian governmental opposition. The cost will include an estimated US$ 1 billion to upgrade the island's infrastructure: roads, bridges,
6925:
1996:, with the non-indigenous people living mainly from agriculture, or being convicts or exiles. The majority of Nivkh, Ainu and Japanese lived from fishing or hunting, whereas the Oroks lived mainly by livestock breeding. The Ainu, Japanese and
3966:
In 2000, the oil-and-gas industry accounted for 57.5% of Sakhalin's industrial output. By 2006 it is expected to account for 80% of the island's industrial output. Sakhalin's economy is growing rapidly thanks to its oil-and-gas industry.
3436:
3669:. In 2000, the Russian government revived the idea, adding a suggestion that a 40-km (25 mile) long bridge could be constructed between Sakhalin and the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, providing Japan with a direct connection to the
1937:
118:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
3939:, completed a production-sharing agreement (PSA) between the Sakhalin I consortium, the Russian Federation, and the Sakhalin government. Russia is in the process of building a 220 km (140 mi) pipeline across the
1392:
strangely shaped Sakhalin, which included only the northern half of the island (with Cape Patience), while Cape Aniva, discovered by de Vries, and the "Black Cape" (Cape Crillon) were thought to form part of the mainland.
1213:
in Hokkaidō, sent Satō Kamoemon and Kakizaki Kuroudo on an expedition to Sakhalin. One of the Matsumae explorers, Kodō Shōzaemon, stayed in the island in the winter of 1636 and sailed along the east coast to Taraika (now
1364:
captain, however, was unaware that it was an island, and 17th-century maps usually showed these points (and often Hokkaido as well) as part of the mainland. As part of a nationwide Sino-French cartographic program,
3419:
For the 2016 summer season, this route will be served by a highspeed catamaran ferry from Singapore named Penguin 33. The ferry is owned by Penguin International Limited and operated by Sakhalin Shipping Company.
1313:
6161:
1464:
recorded the existence and navigability of the strait later given his name, and Russian settlers began establishing coal mines, administration facilities, schools, and churches on the island. In 1853–54,
1101:
The Qing dynasty ruled these regions by imposing upon them a fur tribute system, just as had the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Residents who were required to pay tributes had to register according to their
801:
Ainu) presence in the area otherwise dominated by the Gilemi or Jilimi (Nivkh and other Amur peoples)." Related names were in widespread use in the region, for example the Kuril Ainu called themselves
3337:, for which the waters off of Sakhalin are their only known feeding ground, thus being a vitally important region for their population's longevity. Other cetaceans known to occur in this area are the
6932:
1186:
Local native Sakhalin chiefs had their daughters taken as wives by Manchu officials as sanctioned by the Qing dynasty when the Qing exercised jurisdiction in Sakhalin and took tribute from them.
3049:
1925:
3661:
between Sakhalin and the Russian mainland was first put forward in the 1930s. In the 1940s, an abortive attempt was made to link the island via a 10-kilometre-long (6 mi) undersea
1753:. The Soviet Union claimed it was a spy plane; however, commanders on the ground realized it was a commercial aircraft. All 269 passengers and crew died, including a U.S. Congressman,
4620:
Nich-Ro kankei to Saharintō : Bakumatsu Meiji shonen no ryōdo mondai (Japanese–Russian Relations and Sakhalin Island: Territorial Dispute in the Bakumatsu and First Meiji Years)
797:, the name given to the Sakhalin Ainu by their Nivkh and Nanai neighbors." When the Ainu migrated onto the mainland, the Chinese described a "strong Kui (or Kuwei, Kuwu, Kuye, Kugi,
6191:
1859:, 330 km (205 mi) long and navigable by rafts and light boats for 80 km (50 mi), flows north and northeast with numerous rapids and shallows, and enters the
1133:), which were the gowns of the mandarin. Those who offered especially large fur tributes were granted the right to create a familial relationship with officials of the Manchu
1456:
On the basis of its belief that it was an extension of Hokkaido, both geographically and culturally, Japan again proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island (as well as the
1281:, and enhanced Matsumae prestige as exotic items. Eventually the Tokugawa government, realizing that they could not depend on the Matsumae, took control of Sakhalin in 1807.
4803:
Voyage de Lapérouse, rédigé d'après ses manuscrits, suivi d'un appendice renfermant tout ce que l'on a découvert depuis le naufrage, et enrichi de notes par m. de Lesseps
5977:
Trekhsviatskyi, Anatolii (2007). "At the far edge of the Chinese Oikoumene: Mutual relations of the indigenous population of Sakhalin with the Yuan and Ming dynasties".
928:
From the Nivkh perspective, their surrender to the Mongols essentially established a military alliance against the Ainu who had invaded their lands. According to the
6918:
1012:
pelts as tribute to the Wuliehe post. In 1437, four other assistant commanders (Zhaluha, Sanchiha, Tuolingha, and Alingge) also presented tribute. According to the
1249:
was nominally in charge of Sakhalin, but they neither protected nor governed the Ainu there. Instead they extorted the Ainu for Chinese silk, which they sold in
5112:
1117:, village), and a designated chief of each unit was put in charge of district security as well as the annual collection and delivery of fur. By 1750, fifty-six
3200:
3036:, but makes the winters much snowier and a few degrees warmer than in interior East Asian cities at the same latitude. Summers are foggy with little sunshine.
2000:
lived almost exclusively in the southern part of the island. Since 1925, many Poles fled Soviet Russian persecution in the north to the then Japanese south.
3963:. The cost overruns (at least partly due to Shell's response to environmental concerns), are reducing the share of profits flowing to the Russian treasury.
3947:
on the Russian mainland. From De-Kastri, the resource will be loaded onto tankers for transport to East Asian markets, namely Japan, South Korea and China.
6605:
6562:
6282:
3561:
3540:). During the last years of its service, it gradually deteriorated; the service was terminated in December 2006, and the line was dismantled in 2007–2008.
6138:
3970:
As of 18 April 2007, Gazprom had taken a 50% plus one share interest in Sakhalin II by purchasing 50% of Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi's shares.
6819:
3040:
contrast to interior east Asia with its pronounced summer maximum, onshore winds ensure Sakhalin has year-round precipitation with a peak in the autumn.
4501:
4497:
3510:
Besides the main network run by the Russian Railways, until December 2006 the local oil company (Sakhalinmorneftegaz) operated a corporate narrow-gauge
3923:, signed contracts to explore for oil and gas off the northeast coast of the island. The two consortia's pre-project estimate of costs were a combined
2094:
5662:
6402:
4834:[Study of South Sakhalin Started under Lieutenant Nikolay Vasilievich Rudanovsky] (in Russian). President Library of Russia. October 18, 1853
1411:
told him that the island was called "Tchoka" (or at least that is how he recorded the name in French), and "Tchoka" appears on some maps thereafter.
2054:
to work in the coal mines. Most of the population lives in the southern half of the island, centered mainly around Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and two ports,
1324:
in 1709, asserts the existence of Sakhalin – but only assigns to it the northern half of the island and its northeastern coast (with
121:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
6183:
5729:
5447:
4817:
1396:
6029:
The peoples of Northeast Asia through time : precolonial ethnic and cultural processes along the coast between Hokkaido and the Bering Strait
5612:
2077:
during the war were deported following the invasion of the southern portion of the island by the Soviet Union in 1945 at the end of World War II.
1682:
5545:
1848:
deposits contain a mollusc fauna more Arctic than that which exists at the present time, indicating that the connection between the Pacific and
3932:
sites, airports, railways, communications systems, and ports. In addition, Sakhalin-III-through-VI are in various early stages of development.
5685:
1080:
called it "Sagaliyan ula angga hada" (Island at the Mouth of the Black River). The Qing first asserted influence over Sakhalin after the 1689
488:, with an area of 72,492 square kilometres (27,989 sq mi). The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of whom are
5519:
4900:
1749:, a South Korean civilian airliner, flew over Sakhalin and was shot down by the Soviet Union, just west of Sakhalin Island, near the smaller
1660:
4782:("Fishskin Tatars") living on the Ussuri and the Amur upstream from the mouth of the Dondon. The two groups might thus be ancestral of the
3349:, the latter two generally preferring icy waters and colder conditions to the north. All are potential prey species for the highly social
5933:
Trading Brokers and Partners with China, Russia, and Japan, In W. W. Fitzhugh and C. O. Dubreuil (eds.) Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People
6116:
843:
in great numbers, as well as polished stone hatchets similar to European examples, primitive pottery with decorations like those of the
558:, Japan invaded the northern parts of Sakhalin, and ruled the entire island from 1918 to 1925. Russia has held all of the island since
244:
5703:
4075:
1448:
3904:
cubic feet) of gas and are being developed under production-sharing agreement contracts involving international oil- companies like
7042:
6598:
5346:
1913:
1673:. The Soviet attack started on August 11, 1945, a few days before the surrender of Japan. The Soviet 56th Rifle Corps, part of the
17:
5377:
3685:, along with the required regauging of the island's railways to Russian standard gauge, at an estimated cost of 300–330 billion
1699:
While the vast majority of Sakhalin Japanese and Koreans were gradually repatriated between 1946 and 1950, tens of thousands of
7047:
5465:
1317:
7037:
5853:
5402:
5240:
5138:
1121:
and 2,398 households were registered as fur tribute payers, – those who paid with fur were rewarded mainly with Nishiki silk
971:
on the Siberian mainland, which continued operating until the mid-1430s. There is some evidence that the Ming eunuch Admiral
847:, and stone weights used with fishing nets. A later population familiar with bronze left traces in earthen walls and kitchen-
5282:
537:
dynasties and accepted official appointments from them. Sometimes the relationship was forced but control from dynasties in
7027:
6176:
5913:
5824:[The Ainu and Ainu culture from historical records of the Yuan and Ming]. In Katō, Hirofumi; Suzuki, Kenji (eds.).
4127:
3028:) in the centre and north. The maritime influence makes summers much cooler than in similar-latitude inland cities such as
1692:
Of the approximately 400,000 people – mostly Japanese and Korean – who lived on South Sakhalin in 1944, about 100,000 were
194:
4206:
3392:
Transport, especially by sea, is an important segment of the economy. Nearly all the cargo arriving for Sakhalin (and the
7032:
6591:
1666:
1024:
women in Sakhalin married Han Chinese Ming officials when the Ming took tribute from Sakhalin and the Amur river region.
964:
603:
546:. In 1897 more than half of the population were Russians and other European and Asian minorities. In 1905, following the
3951:
Prigorodnoye (Prigorodnoe) in Aniva Bay at the southern end. The consortium will also build, at Prigorodnoye, the first
975:
reached Sakhalin in 1413 during one of his expeditions to the lower Amur, and granted Ming titles to a local chieftain.
5500:[President of Russia wants to join Sakhalin Island to the mainland] (in Russian). PrimaMedia. November 19, 2008
3786:
2074:
2039:. The Nivkhs in the north support themselves by fishing and hunting. In 2008 there were 6,416 births and 7,572 deaths.
1693:
1678:
129:
1384:
name, Sahaliyan Ula, "the Black River"), in 1709, and learned of the existence of the nearby offshore island from the
61:"Sakhalien" and "Saghalien" redirect here. For cities in China sometimes historically referred to this in Manchu, see
7062:
6036:
6017:
5950:
5921:
5899:
5875:
5810:
5771:
5067:
5040:
5002:
4874:
4844:"I made my trips around Sakhalin Island in autumn and winter ...": reports of Lieutenant N. V. Rudanovskiy. 1853–1854
4701:
4473:
4391:
4290:
4243:
4216:
3805:
3758:
1508:
559:
142:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
5330:
5254:
3423:
Sakhalin's main shipping company is Sakhalin Shipping Company, headquartered in Kholmsk on the island's west coast.
7057:
7052:
6854:
5102:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Foreign Policy > Others > Japanese Territory > Northern Territories
4640:
4523:"Indigenous Diplomacy: Sakhalin Ainu (Enchiw) in the Shaping of Modern East Asia (Part 1: Traders and Travellers)"
3014:
6809:
6527:
6462:
6442:
6169:
4179:
3431:
About 30% of all inland transport volume is carried by the island's railways, most of which are organized as the
1594:
1441:
1399:
did the island began to resemble something of its true shape on European maps. Though unable to pass through its
3765:
1348:
La Perouse charted most of the southwestern coast of Sakhalin (or "Tchoka", as he heard natives call it) in 1787
6437:
4627:
4119:
3743:
3365:; however, over-harvesting depleted their numbers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Today,
644:
3412:
shipments often go through other ports. In 1999, a ferry service was opened between the ports of Korsakov and
1253:
as Matsumae's special product. To obtain Chinese silk, the Ainu fell into debt, owing much fur to the Santan (
865:(1643) mapped Sakhalin's eastern promontories without realising that he had visited an island (map from 1682).
5634:
5165:
Ivlev, A. M. Soils of Sakhalin. New Delhi: Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, 1974. Pages 9–28.
3831:
1532:
1045:
869:
783:
manner of the modern ‘national empires’ of the nineteenth and early twentieth century (Yamamuro 2003: 90–97).
636:
6144:
5415:
599:
6155:
5670:
3701:
3361:, both hunted to extinction, formerly ranged from Japan's coastline to Sakhalin, Korea, Kamchatka, and the
1883:
1780:). Total damage was $ 64.1–300 million, with 1,989 deaths and 750 injured. The settlement was not rebuilt.
902:
893:
3772:
90:
30:
This article is about the Russian geographical island. For the federal subject the island is part of, see
5572:
3704:, which could potentially create a continuous rail corridor between Europe and Japan. In 2018, president
1769:
1746:
1312:
Display of Sakhalin on maps varied throughout the 18th century. This map from a 1773 atlas, based on the
5259:[Sakhalin is an island of twins?] (in Russian). Восток Медиа . February 13, 2009. Archived from
793:
The island was also called "Kuye Fiyaka". The word "Kuye" used by the Qing is "most probably related to
3890:
3459:
3397:
1765:
1656:
1643:, on the northeastern side of the island, during a fog. All hands were saved as well as 300 barrels of
1436:
326:
3546:
1964:
According to the 1897 census, Sakhalin had a population of 28,113, of which 56.2% were Russians, 8.4%
566:
in 1945, as well as all of the Kurils. Japan no longer claims any of Sakhalin, although it does still
6884:
5931:
5891:
5601:
5179:
4064:
3754:
3739:
3594:
3387:
3338:
3010:
1953:
1625:
1460:
chain) in 1845, in the face of competing claims from Russia. In 1849, however, the Russian navigator
1373:
1125:, and every year the dynasty supplied the chief of each clan and village with official silk clothes (
485:
390:
5794:[Several questions around "the Mongol attack from the north"]. In Kikuchi, Toshihiko (ed.).
5133:. Oxford Regional Environments. Vol. 3. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 428–429.
4832:"Началось исследование Южного Сахалина под руководством лейтенанта Николая Васильевича Рудановского"
4750:
4721:
6910:
6477:
5936:, Arctic Study Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
5689:
3642:
3404:
to Kholmsk. The ports of Korsakov and Kholmsk are the largest and handle all kinds of goods, while
3298:
1773:
1696:
during the last days of the war. The remaining 300,000 stayed behind, some for several more years.
1674:
1366:
1321:
1032:
305:
137:
5101:
1871:
or Shichiro Bay, on the southeastern coast. Three other small streams enter the wide semicircular
1681:, the 2nd Rifle Brigade, the 5th Rifle Brigade and the 214 Armored Brigade, attacked the Japanese
1561:, Japan again occupied the northern part of the island, returning it to the Soviet Union in 1925.
7022:
6645:
6614:
3882:
3732:
3463:
3401:
1711:
1636:
1353:
284:
4691:
4233:
4154:
3973:
In June 2021, it was announced that Russia aims to make Sakhalin Island carbon neutral by 2025.
1710:. Japan renounced its claims of sovereignty over southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the
6784:
6630:
6457:
6247:
4746:
4717:
3901:
3061:
1829:
1329:
1014:
862:
232:
52:
45:
5283:
Karafuto 1945: An examination of the Japanese under Soviet rule and their subsequent expulsion
5235:
Winiarz, Adam (1994). "Książka polska w koloniach polskich na Dalekim Wschodzie (1897–1949)".
5126:
4801:
4463:
4282:
4275:
1369:
570:. Most Ainu on Sakhalin moved to Hokkaido, 43 kilometres (27 mi) to the south across the
6789:
6706:
6407:
5825:
3952:
3823:
3306:
3182:
1707:
1558:
567:
555:
158:
5887:
A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule
5354:
1097:
except the southern tip. The Qing imposed a fur-tribute system on the region's inhabitants.
6716:
5707:
5549:
3924:
3818:
3568:
3504:
3247:
1807:
and geological structure are imperfectly known. One theory is that Sakhalin arose from the
1550:
1485:
6150:
5868:
Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia
5473:
5062:. Law in Eastern Europe No. 25. The Hague: Martinis Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 320–325.
3955:(LNG) plant to be built in Russia. The oil and gas are also bound for East Asian markets.
1797:
571:
8:
6989:
6844:
6814:
6377:
5083:
4856:
3894:
3295:
3105:
3089:
1808:
1706:
No final peace treaty has been signed and the status of four neighboring islands remains
1565:
1554:
1540:
1081:
6110:
1557:
reverted to Japan, while Russia retained the northern three-fifths. In 1920, during the
1507:
on Sakhalin. The island remained under shared sovereignty until the signing of the 1875
1424:
1277:. As dynastic uniforms, the silk was of considerably higher quality than that traded at
1179:(r. 1735–95), a trade post existed at Delen, upstream of Kiji (Kizi) Lake, according to
6824:
5994:
5577:
5017:
4811:
4800:
La Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup, comte de (1831). de Lesseps, Jean Baptiste (ed.).
4380:
4011:
3986:
3944:
3263:
3122:
1546:
1466:
1241:
1085:
547:
493:
5381:
3779:
3290:
population is made-up of mostly the common eastern Siberian forms, but there are some
748:, the word that has been borrowed in the form of "Sakhalin", means "black" in Manchu,
7017:
6711:
6512:
6507:
6432:
6292:
6217:
6042:
6032:
6013:
5986:
5946:
5917:
5895:
5871:
5849:
5806:
5767:
5441:
5134:
5063:
5036:
4998:
4908:
4870:
4697:
4623:
4469:
4387:
4286:
4239:
4212:
3666:
3638:
3354:
3291:
3228:
3021:
2066:
2043:
1879:
1789:
1738:
1583:
1473:
1461:
1404:
1269:) given to them by the Qing, which made up the majority of what the Japanese knew as
978:
The Ming recruited headmen from Sakhalin for administrative posts such as commander (
913:. In response, the Mongols established an administration post at Nurgan (present-day
622:
551:
341:
133:
5305:
3009:
The Sea of Okhotsk ensures that Sakhalin has a cold and humid climate, ranging from
6869:
6799:
6676:
6583:
6392:
6342:
6297:
5965:
5461:
5350:
4098:
3929:
3851:
3614:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3370:
3223:
3206:
3127:
2047:
2008:
1868:
1700:
1670:
1640:
1477:
1408:
1400:
1206:
1176:
444:
394:
228:
4995:
History of the American Whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the year 1876
2003:
In 2010, the island's population was recorded at 497,973, 83% of whom were ethnic
1511:, in which Japan surrendered its claims in Sakhalin to Russia. In 1890 the author
1344:
6977:
6971:
6942:
6665:
6572:
6567:
6482:
6397:
6387:
6327:
6277:
6257:
6242:
6232:
6105:
6007:
5962:
The Ainu of Tsugaru : the indigenous history and shamanism of northern Japan
5885:
5839:
5666:
5607:
5334:
5057:
5030:
4864:
4860:
4790:
people known to latter ethnologists; or, the "Ke tcheng" might in fact be Nivkhs.
4015:
3682:
3678:
3662:
3634:
3455:
3195:
3157:
3144:
3081:
2059:
2046:, a city of about 175,000, has a large Korean minority, typically referred to as
1993:
1728:
1590:
1536:
1481:
1429:
1381:
1308:
1222:
1210:
1069:
930:
700:
668:
607:
593:
512:
481:
453:
331:
31:
6009:
The Conquest of Ainu Lands: Ecology and Culture in Japanese Expansion, 1590–1800
5820:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2012). "Gen-Mindai no shiryō kara mieru Ainu to Ainu bunka"
5113:
Japan and Russia want to finally end World War II, agree it is 'abnormal' not to
3532:) line extending for 228 kilometers (142 mi) from Nogliki further north to
3458:
in the south. Sakhalin's railway has a connection with the rest of Russia via a
1669:, the Soviet Union invaded southern Sakhalin, an action planned secretly at the
1297:
1198:
6995:
6899:
6889:
6804:
6735:
6382:
6332:
6322:
6272:
6262:
6237:
6222:
6206:
5759:
4522:
4056:
4005:
3936:
3875:
3705:
3693:
3187:
3097:
1900:
1860:
1856:
1754:
1750:
1089:
497:
473:
452:. Its north coast lies 6.5 km (4.0 mi) off the southeastern coast of
449:
386:
38:
4502:
The Natives of the Lower reaches of the Amur as Represented in Chinese Records
3416:, Japan, and operated through the autumn of 2015, when service was suspended.
7011:
6894:
6859:
6671:
6650:
6552:
6362:
6060:
6046:
5990:
4912:
4774:
Tatars") lived, according to the Jesuits, on the Amur below the mouth of the
4069:
4042:
3992:
3897:
3396:) is delivered by cargo boats, or by ferries, in railway wagons, through the
3393:
3342:
3210:) make their appearance. The underwoods abound in berry-bearing plants (e.g.
1973:
1893:
1617:
1606:
1512:
1457:
1357:
1325:
1246:
1226:
1134:
820:
686:
543:
259:
246:
151:
5174:
3048:
1515:
visited the penal colony on Sakhalin and published a memoir of his journey.
1488:(1860), under which China lost to Russia all claims to territories north of
6794:
6779:
6696:
6686:
6532:
6522:
6517:
6467:
6352:
6317:
6227:
5859:
5495:
4775:
4021:
3940:
3700:
bridge to link Sakhalin with the Russian mainland. He also again suggested
3533:
3350:
3346:
3233:
3149:
2051:
2032:
1969:
1957:
1887:
1849:
1545:
Japanese forces invaded and occupied Sakhalin in the closing stages of the
1489:
1385:
1333:
1221:
In an early colonization attempt, a Japanese settlement was established at
1180:
1041:
1021:
956:
949:
910:
906:
563:
534:
530:
526:
505:
477:
469:
378:
66:
5790:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2010). "Kita kara no mōko shūrai wo meguru shōmondai"
5032:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1990
4888:
The Russians had established a penal colony in northern Sakhalin in 1857 .
6953:
6879:
6864:
6849:
6834:
6557:
6492:
6347:
6307:
6267:
5327:
5260:
4939:, of New Bedford, Aug. 30–Sep. 5, 1902, G. W. Blunt White Library (GBWL).
4787:
4783:
3920:
3843:
3839:
3590:
3366:
2070:
2036:
2012:
1981:
1361:
1257:), who lived near the Qing office. The Ainu also sold the silk uniforms (
1254:
1152:
968:
922:
914:
873:
825:
382:
5998:
3609:, South Korea. There are also charter flights to the Japanese cities of
6965:
6769:
6635:
6542:
6422:
6372:
5969:
5844:, Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin,
5686:"Sakhalin II: Laying the Base for Future Arctic Developments in Russia"
5425:
4831:
4644:
3982:
3916:
3905:
3746: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3586:
3503:) gauge began in 2004 and was completed in 2019. The original Japanese
3362:
3334:
3330:
3243:
3211:
2016:
1965:
1904:
1815:
1703:(and a number of their Japanese spouses) remained in the Soviet Union.
1621:
1493:
1377:
959:(1368–1644) placed Sakhalin under its "system for subjugated peoples" (
775:
414:
140:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
5827:
Atarashii Ainu shi no kōchiku : senshi hen, kodai hen, chūsei hen
4183:
3881:
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent
1183:. There were 500–600 people at the market during Mamiya's stay there.
6983:
6959:
5845:
5639:
3909:
3871:
3835:
3358:
3219:
3215:
3066:
3056:
1872:
1833:
1818:
1804:
1644:
1215:
852:
832:
406:
6940:
6829:
5688:(Press release). Sakhalin Energy. September 27, 2006. Archived from
5546:"Russia Threatens To Halt Sakhalin-2 Project Unless Shell Cleans Up"
4869:. Vol. 23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
4400:
4131:
3886:
3721:
181:
6764:
6754:
6681:
6547:
6502:
6487:
6412:
6357:
6302:
6252:
5018:
16th Army, 2nd Far Eastern Front, Soviet Far East Command, 09.08,45
4693:
Ocean of Destiny: A concise History of the North Pacific, 1500–1978
4468:. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington Press. pp. 158–161.
3847:
3622:
3598:
3413:
3326:
3275:
3271:
3259:
3104:) are the chief trees; on the upper parts of the mountains are the
2004:
1845:
1826:
1822:
1793:
1715:
1686:
1579:
1278:
1148:
1044:, which came to power in China in 1644, called Sakhalin "Kuyedao" (
858:
489:
465:
374:
5663:"CEO delivers message at Sakhalin's first major energy conference"
4951:, of Fairhaven, Aug. 4–6, 1848, Old Dartmouth Historical Society;
3889:
with extensive petroleum-exploration and mining by most large oil
1788:
Sakhalin is separated from the mainland by the narrow and shallow
1733:
1444:, Russia. It is the house where he stayed in Sakhalin during 1890.
1428:
1823 Japanese map of Karafuto and part of eastern Siberia (modern
574:, when Japanese civilians were displaced from the island in 1949.
460:, while its southern tip lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of
6759:
6729:
6655:
6497:
6452:
6447:
6427:
4935:, of Stonington, Aug. 10–31, 1848, Nicholson Whaling Collection;
4050:
3960:
3697:
3670:
3646:
3618:
3553:
3467:
3451:
3251:
3237:
3135:
3077:
3033:
2055:
1997:
1989:
1864:
1504:
1229:
drew a map of the island and called it "Kita-Ezo" (Northern Ezo,
1122:
1077:
972:
899:
844:
840:
836:
713:
963:). From 1409 to 1411 the Ming established an outpost called the
115:
6839:
6660:
6640:
6417:
6367:
6312:
6287:
6194:
6109:
4771:
3867:
3686:
3658:
3630:
3626:
3582:
3409:
3318:
3165:
3073:
3029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
1977:
1875:
or Higashifushimi Bay at the southern extremity of the island.
1792:, which often freezes in winter in its narrower part, and from
1609:
1523:
1497:
1250:
1234:
1053:
1009:
881:
848:
652:
457:
5194:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
4971:, of New Bedford, June 13, 1855, Nicholson Whaling Collection.
4618:秋月俊幸『日露関係とサハリン島：幕末明治初年の領土問題』筑摩書房、1994年、34頁（Akizuki Toshiyuki,
4260:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
3266:, a subspecies of Siberian musk deer. Smaller mammals include
3262:
in the north); rarely seen, but still present, is the elusive
925:
rivers in 1263, and forced the submission of the two peoples.
6874:
6701:
6337:
6201:
6099:
Globetrotting for Love and Other Stories from Sakhalin Island
5222:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
5208:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
4334:
4332:
3859:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3255:
3173:
3169:
3117:
1985:
1613:
1296:
Japan proclaimed sovereignty over Sakhalin in 1807; in 1809,
877:
538:
501:
461:
62:
5730:"Russia aims to make Sakhalin island carbon neutral by 2025"
5316:
5295:
Sakhalin Hydrometeorological Service, accessed 19 April 2011
5196:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
4566:
4564:
4262:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
3893:. The oil and natural- gas reserves contain an estimated 14
2069:
inhabitants of Sakhalin (including the Japanized indigenous
1036:
French map from 1821 showing Sakhalin as part of Qing Empire
6691:
6537:
5497:Президент России хочет остров Сахалин соединить с материком
3708:
ordered a feasibility study for a mainland bridge project.
3405:
3314:
3287:
3283:
3267:
1841:
1837:
1320:, who in his turn made use of the information collected by
1093:
918:
418:
5294:
5035:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
4983:(Vol. IV, No. 9, September 29, 1855, pp. 68, 72, Honolulu)
4581:
4579:
4329:
1586:). A large number of migrants were brought in from Korea.
5088:
4901:"Chekhov's trip to Sakhalin puts lockdown in perspective"
4671:
4561:
4319:
4317:
4304:
4302:
3863:
3855:
3681:
announced government support for the construction of the
3473:
The process of converting the railways from the Japanese
3279:
3177:
3139:
2031:. The native inhabitants currently consist of some 2,000
1230:
1225:
on Sakhalin's southern end in 1679. Cartographers of the
1008:). In 1431, one such assistant commander, Alige, brought
4445:
4443:
4349:
4347:
3826:
production plant built as part of the Sakhalin-2 project
1821:, containing an abundant and specific fauna of gigantic
1714:(1951), but maintains that the four offshore islands of
1189:
5764:
Ruins of identity: ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands
5084:
Sakhalin memories: Japanese stranded by war in the USSR
4576:
4428:
3439:), which is one of the 17 territorial divisions of the
1360:
and Cape Aniva on the island's east coast in 1643. The
1332:
in 1643). Cape Aniva, also discovered by de Vries, and
4727:. Vol. 1. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. p. xxxviii
4314:
4299:
4180:"The Sakhalin Regional Museum: The Indigenous Peoples"
1403:
due to contrary winds, La Perouse charted most of the
616:
5833:(in Japanese). Hokkaido University. pp. 138–145.
5285:" (2015). Honors Theses. Western Michigan University.
4756:. Vol. 4. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. pp. 14–16
4440:
4344:
3168:
are mixed with the conifers; while farther south the
1899:
Sakhalin has two smaller islands associated with it,
1233:
being the old Japanese name for the islands north of
630:
6725:
6613:
6012:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
5414:
Bolashenko, Serguei (Болашенко, С.) (July 6, 2006).
5161:
5159:
5157:
4659:
4591:
4416:
4359:
4093:
4091:
4032:
3692:
In July 2013, Russian Far East development minister
1527:
Sakhalin Island with Karafuto Prefecture highlighted
1340:) are, however, thought to form part of the mainland
1092:. In the following year the Qing sent forces to the
755:
749:
743:
717:
694:
662:
111:
44:"Sakhalin Island" redirects here. For the book, see
4537:
2050:, who were forcibly brought by the Japanese during
1553:of 1905, the southern part of the island below the
1452:
Settler's way of life. Near church at holiday. 1903
835:Stone Age. Flint implements such as those found in
525:). The Ainu people of Sakhalin paid tribute to the
5600:
4379:
4274:
802:
680:
5910:Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria
5520:"Minister Proposes 7km Bridge to Sakhalin Island"
5306:https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8099/50345475
5154:
4753:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4724:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4549:
4382:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
4114:
4112:
4088:
3597:has regularly scheduled international flights to
1589:The northern, Russian, half of the island formed
7009:
5805:] (in Japanese). Hokkaido University Press.
5460:
4622:, (Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo Publishers Ltd), p. 34.
2567:
2102:
2084:
1068:'island of the Ainu') or "Kuye Fiyaka" (
480:to its southwest. It is administered as part of
6104:
4855:
4235:Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750
1518:
1352:The first European known to visit Sakhalin was
6147:– Proposed Sakhalin–Hokkaidō Friendship Tunnel
5976:
5964:(Thesis). The University of British Columbia.
5237:Czasopismo Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich
4955:, of Fairhaven, July 26 – Aug. 29, 1852, NWC;
4766:The people whose name the Jesuits recorded as
4277:The Shaman's Coat: A Native History of Siberia
4109:
3294:or near-endemic breeding species, notably the
3072:The whole of the island is covered with dense
1571:
136:accompanying your translation by providing an
102:Click for important translation instructions.
89:expand this article with text translated from
6926:
6599:
6177:
6087:(London, 1903). (quoted in EB1911, see below)
5420:[Okha-Nogliki narrow-gauge railway].
4520:
3976:
3571:outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station
3507:were used by the Soviet Railways until 1979.
1814:Crystalline rocks crop out at several capes;
1661:Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
508:, who are now present in very small numbers.
434:
6278:Chyornye Bratya (Chirpoy and Brat Chirpoyev)
5573:"Russia Halts Pipeline, Citing River Damage"
5446:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4816:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4465:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
3581:Sakhalin is connected by regular flights to
1564:South Sakhalin was administered by Japan as
1407:, and islanders he encountered near today's
1240:In the 1780s, the influence of the Japanese
998:), and "official charged with subjugation" (
887:
723:
704:
672:
520:
6120:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). p. 54.
5883:
5378:"Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin Island"
4338:
4281:. New York: Walker & Company. pp.
3900:(2.2 km) of oil and 2,700 km (96
1063:
952:at posts in Wuliehe, Nanghar, and Boluohe.
6933:
6919:
6606:
6592:
6184:
6170:
5417:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
5413:
5380:. International Steam Page. Archived from
5131:The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia
4799:
4521:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (November 15, 2020).
3665:. The project was abandoned under Premier
3538:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
1201:described Sakhalin as an island in his map
1147:The Qing dynasty established an office in
562:the Japanese portion in the final days of
180:
5055:
4507:
4225:
4198:
3822:At the ceremony marking the opening of a
3806:Learn how and when to remove this message
2042:The administrative center of the oblast,
1890:is the southernmost point of the island.
1419:
1376:joined a Chinese team visiting the lower
5865:
5837:
5819:
5803:A history and cultures of Northeast Asia
5789:
5571:Kramer, Andrew E. (September 19, 2006).
4992:
4959:, of New Bedford, July 8–10, 1874, GBWL.
4745:
4716:
4434:
4406:
4386:. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc.
4323:
4308:
4155:"Russia's Far East opens up to visitors"
3817:
3055:
3047:
2991:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
2545:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
1952:
1732:
1522:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1343:
1307:
1193:
1031:
857:
819:
6156:Maps of Ezo, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands
5940:
5870:, New York: Columbia University Press,
5234:
5183:. (In Russian, retrieved 21 June 2020.)
5118:
5028:
4410:
4099:"Sakhalin Island | island, Russia"
3373:can be spotted around Sakhalin Island.
1768:shook the former Russian settlement of
1303:
1088:as the border between the Qing and the
604:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
279:72,492 km (27,989 sq mi)
14:
7010:
6139:Map of the Sakhalin Hydrocarbon Region
6026:
6005:
5959:
5929:
5758:
5615:from the original on December 10, 2022
5570:
5466:"Railway a Gauge of Sakhalin's Future"
5256:Сахалин становится островом близнецов?
5124:
4677:
4665:
4597:
4585:
4570:
4449:
4422:
4365:
4353:
4231:
4072:– a geological formation on the island
3702:a bridge between Sakhalin and Hokkaidō
1878:The northernmost point of Sakhalin is
1825:, occur at Dui on the west coast; and
1665:In August 1945, after repudiating the
737:Island at the Mouth of the Black River
511:The island's name is derived from the
6914:
6587:
6165:
5907:
5375:
4689:
4543:
4527:Japan Focus: The Asia-Pacific Journal
4076:Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia
1852:was probably broader than it is now.
1472:In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the
1190:Japanese exploration and colonization
1109:, the clan of the father's side) and
615:Sakhalin has several names including
443:
6624:(38,610 sq mi) and greater
5914:University of British Columbia Press
5669:. September 27, 2006. Archived from
4866:The Correspondence of Charles Darwin
4461:
4455:
4377:
4272:
3744:adding citations to reliable sources
3715:
3677:In November 2008, Russian president
3633:. The island was formerly served by
2011:(5.5%). Smaller minorities were the
1503:In 1857, the Russians established a
71:
5780:
5224:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 36–37.
5210:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 64–65.
5168:
4555:
4208:A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture
4204:
4152:
4130:. February 18, 1998. Archived from
3935:The Sakhalin I project, managed by
3329:visit the sea coast, including the
1650:
965:Nurgan Regional Military Commission
24:
6151:Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin
6054:
6031:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
5960:Tanaka, Sakurako (Sherry) (2000).
5115:, CSMonitor.com. April 29, 2013.
4128:United Nations Environment Program
3885:, Sakhalin has experienced an oil
3043:
1480:, Russia forced China to sign the
25:
7074:
6941:Chinese historical placenames in
6132:
5706:. Sakhalin Energy. Archived from
5526:. The Moscow Times. July 19, 2013
5125:Ivanov, Andrey (March 27, 2003).
1722:
1395:Only with the 1787 expedition of
1027:
934:, a group of people known as the
774:is the proper Manchu name of the
6728:
6200:
6193:
6128:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
5785:, Harvard University Asia Center
5241:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
5129:. In Shahgedanova, Maria (ed.).
4049:
4035:
3720:
3560:
3545:
3052:Western Gray whale near Sakhalin
2062:(population about 40,000 each).
1936:
1924:
1912:
1469:surveyed and mapped the island.
903:conquered the Jin dynasty (1234)
831:Humans lived on Sakhalin in the
815:
584:
568:claim the southern Kuril Islands
201:
200:
193:
76:
7043:Islands of the Russian Far East
6810:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
6443:Ptichy Island (Shantar Islands)
5796:Hokutō Ajia no rekishi to bunka
5766:. University of Hawai'i Press.
5722:
5655:
5627:
5593:
5564:
5538:
5512:
5488:
5454:
5407:
5396:
5369:
5339:
5321:
5310:
5299:
5288:
5275:
5247:
5228:
5214:
5200:
5186:
5106:
5095:
5076:
5059:The Citizenship Law of the USSR
5049:
5022:
5011:
4986:
4974:
4962:
4942:
4926:
4893:
4849:
4824:
4793:
4739:
4710:
4683:
4641:"Time Table of Sakhalin Island"
4633:
4612:
4603:
4490:
4462:Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002) .
4371:
4153:Ros, Miquel (January 2, 2019).
3731:needs additional citations for
1948:
1796:, Japan, by the Soya Strait or
1667:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1616:off Sakhalin. They cruised for
1414:
1300:claimed that it was an island.
880:in the central region, and the
550:, the island was divided, with
6748:(7,722–38,610 sq mi)
6438:Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai)
6108:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
5884:Schlesinger, Jonathan (2017),
5752:
5611:. London. September 26, 2006.
4266:
4252:
4172:
4146:
3915:In 1996, two large consortia,
3652:
3120:, both Siberian silver birch (
2999:Precipitation totals in inches
1919:Sakhalin and its surroundings.
1058:
1049:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
944:
939:
657:
648:
640:
146:You may also add the template
13:
1:
7048:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6513:Spafaryev, Ryabokon and Talan
6207:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6141:– at Blackbourn Geoconsulting
5830:新しいアイヌ史の構築 : 先史編・古代編・中世編
5317:Penguin International Limited
3999:
3878:averages less than 100 days.
3832:primary sector of the economy
3621:and to the Chinese cities of
1867:flows south-southeast to the
1533:Japanese invasion of Sakhalin
905:, they suffered raids by the
7038:Islands of the Pacific Ocean
6106:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
5841:Japanese Society on Karafuto
5643:. London. September 22, 2006
5424:(in Russian). Archived from
4993:Starbuck, Alexander (1878).
4081:
3593:and other cities of Russia.
3376:
3258:are fairly numerous (as are
1960:children in Sakhalin c. 1903
1783:
1519:Division along 50th parallel
1151:, situated midway along the
894:Mongol invasions of Sakhalin
756:
750:
744:
718:
695:
681:
663:
577:
27:Island in the Sea of Okhotsk
7:
7028:Geography of Northeast Asia
5945:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
5908:Smith, Norman, ed. (2017),
4238:. Basic Books. p. 11.
4028:
3437:Сахалинская железная дорога
3353:, or orca. The once-common
2558:Source: Weather Underground
2073:) who had not already been
2007:, followed by about 30,000
1397:Jean-François de La Pérouse
1388:natives of the lower Amur.
839:have been found at Dui and
631:
617:
468:. A marginal island of the
297:1,609 m (5279 ft)
10:
7079:
7033:Islands of Sakhalin Oblast
5239:(in Polish). Vol. 5.
5056:Ginsburgs, George (1983).
4778:, and were related to the
4182:. Sakh.com. Archived from
3977:International partnerships
3891:multinational corporations
3711:
3400:from the mainland port of
3398:Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry
3385:
2995:
2987:
2570:
2557:
2553:Precipitation totals in mm
2549:
2541:
2080:
1726:
1657:Invasion of South Sakhalin
1654:
1631:On June 7, 1855, the ship
1600:
1530:
1509:Treaty of Saint Petersburg
891:
876:in the southern half, the
810:
724:
705:
690:
673:
554:going to Japan. After the
521:
110:Machine translation, like
60:
43:
36:
29:
6949:
6745:
6723:
6621:
6213:
6101:(Times Group Books, 2017)
6094:(Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 2006)
6006:Walker, Brett L. (2006).
5892:Stanford University Press
5838:Nakayama, Taisho (2015),
5328:Sakhalin Shipping Company
5180:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4378:Gall, Timothy L. (1998).
4065:List of islands of Russia
3874:grow there, although the
3595:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport
3388:Sakhalin Shipping Company
3339:North Pacific right whale
3313:). The rivers swarm with
3286:) nearly everywhere. The
3112:) and the Kurile bamboo (
1760:On 27 May 1995, the 7.0 M
1595:Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1572:
1549:. In accordance with the
1380:(known to them under its
1374:Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli
1218:) in the spring of 1637.
979:
917:) at the junction of the
888:Yuan and Ming tributaries
824:Historical extent of the
626:
435:
405:
400:
369:
361:
353:
348:
337:
325:
316:
311:
301:
293:
283:
275:
238:
224:
219:
188:
179:
148:{{Translated|ru|Сахалин}}
91:the corresponding article
7063:Former Japanese colonies
6523:Trety, Krayny and Vtoroy
6027:Zgusta, Richard (2015).
5979:Journal of Asian History
5829:
5821:
5798:
5791:
5781:Kim, Loretta E. (2019),
5683:Citations for the date:
5496:
5416:
5255:
5029:Forsyth, James (1994) .
4487:Link is to partial text.
4211:. Springer. p. 24.
3943:from Sakhalin Island to
3854:. Limited quantities of
3479:3 ft 6 in
3317:, especially species of
3311:Phylloscopus borealoides
1442:Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1440:Anton Chekhov museum in
988:), assistant commander (
872:of Sakhalin include the
719:Sahaliyan ula angga hada
344: (pop. 174,203)
37:Not to be confused with
18:Mount Lopatin (Sakhalin)
7058:Physiographic provinces
7053:Pacific Coast of Russia
6615:World's largest islands
6117:Encyclopædia Britannica
4747:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4718:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4103:Encyclopedia Britannica
3883:economic liberalization
3830:Sakhalin is a classic "
3657:The idea of building a
3481:) gauge to the Russian
3426:
3180:, as also the Japanese
1712:Treaty of San Francisco
1628:to the east and south.
1605:Between 1848 and 1902,
1578:), with the capital at
1354:Martin Gerritz de Vries
1209:, the second daimyō of
803:
472:, Sakhalin divides the
157:For more guidance, see
6855:Prince of Wales Island
5941:Stephan, John (1971).
5930:Sasaki, Shiro (1999),
5422:САЙТ О ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГЕ
5353:. 2007. Archived from
5333:July 29, 2016, at the
4690:Lower, Arthur (1978).
4205:Gan, Chunsong (2019).
4120:"Islands by Land Area"
3827:
3576:
3381:
3226:), red-berried elder (
3192:Phellodendron amurense
3069:
3062:Anaphalis margaritacea
3053:
1961:
1943:Zhdanko Mountain Ridge
1931:Velikan Cape, Sakhalin
1742:
1683:88th Infantry Division
1593:, with the capital at
1528:
1453:
1445:
1433:
1420:Russo-Japanese rivalry
1372:, Pierre Jartoux, and
1349:
1341:
1294:
1245:the Qing dynasty. The
1202:
1159:) or "village chief" (
1145:
1037:
1015:Ming Veritable Records
866:
828:
791:
592:This article contains
496:of the island are the
401:Additional information
294:Highest elevation
233:Northern Pacific Ocean
6746:20,000–99,999 km
6233:Baydukov and Belyakov
6085:In the Uttermost East
6065:A Journey to Sakhalin
5866:Narangoa, Li (2014),
5704:"Media Archives 2006"
5602:"Cynical in Sakhalin"
3953:liquefied natural gas
3824:liquefied natural gas
3821:
3552:A passenger train in
3505:D51 steam locomotives
3450:network extends from
3307:Sakhalin leaf warbler
3299:Nordmann's greenshank
3183:Kalopanax septemlobus
3059:
3051:
1956:
1766:Neftegorsk earthquake
1747:Korean Air Flight 007
1745:On 1 September 1983,
1736:
1559:Siberian Intervention
1526:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1401:northern "bottleneck"
1347:
1311:
1283:
1197:
1099:
1035:
861:
823:
780:
556:Siberian intervention
476:to its east from the
159:Knowledge:Translation
130:copyright attribution
5822:元・明代の史料にみえるアイヌとアイヌ文化
5692:on December 14, 2011
5552:. September 26, 2006
5550:Agence France-Presse
5476:on September 9, 2012
5384:on February 17, 2008
5351:JSC Russian Railways
5177:– an article in the
4857:Burkhardt, Frederick
4232:Westad, Odd (2012).
4134:on February 20, 2018
4008:18th Century to 1875
3740:improve this article
3569:D51 steam locomotive
3248:Eurasian river otter
3201:Euonymus macropterus
1677:, consisting of the
1551:Treaty of Portsmouth
1486:Convention of Peking
1304:European exploration
1084:, which defined the
365:6/km (16/sq mi)
51:. For the film, see
6990:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
6815:Axel Heiberg Island
6145:TransGlobal Highway
6126:Sakhalin: A History
6067:(1895), including:
5943:Sakhalin: a history
5673:on November 1, 2007
5347:"Sakhalin Railways"
5082:Sandford, Daniel, "
4806:. pp. 259–266.
4696:. UBC. p. 75.
4680:, pp. 149–150.
4573:, pp. 134–135.
4273:Reid, Anna (2003).
3834:" area, relying on
3106:Siberian dwarf pine
3094:Abies sachalinensis
3084:(or Yeddo) spruce (
2571:Imperial conversion
1809:Sakhalin Island Arc
1679:79th Rifle Division
1566:Karafuto Prefecture
1555:50th parallel north
1541:Karafuto Prefecture
1370:Jean-Baptiste Régis
1082:Treaty of Nerchinsk
645:traditional Chinese
484:and is the largest
445:[səxɐˈlʲin]
256: /
176:
6825:Southampton Island
6097:Ajay Kamalakaran,
6092:Sakhalin Unplugged
6090:Ajay Kamalakaran,
5970:10.14288/1.0076926
5635:"A deal is a deal"
5578:The New York Times
5428:on August 11, 2014
5357:on October 4, 2011
5281:Carson, Cameron, "
4647:on October 3, 2015
4012:Tokugawa Shogunate
3945:De-Kastri terminal
3828:
3462:operating between
3264:Sakhalin musk deer
3123:Betula platyphylla
3070:
3054:
3020:) in the south to
2088:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1962:
1774:Mercalli intensity
1743:
1694:evacuated to Japan
1547:Russo-Japanese War
1529:
1467:Nikolay Rudanovsky
1454:
1446:
1434:
1350:
1342:
1242:Tokugawa Shogunate
1203:
1086:Stanovoy Mountains
1038:
967:near the ruins of
867:
829:
754:means "river" and
637:simplified Chinese
548:Russo-Japanese War
494:indigenous peoples
448:) is an island in
338:Largest settlement
302:Highest point
174:
138:interlanguage link
7005:
7004:
6908:
6907:
6581:
6580:
6478:Sakharnaya Golova
6124:John J. Stephan,
6071:Saghalien Island
5855:978-1-315-75268-6
5792:「北からの蒙古襲来」をめぐる諸問題
5665:(Press release).
5140:978-0-19-823384-8
5127:"18 The Far East"
4937:Charles W. Morgan
4588:, pp. 87–89.
4186:on March 17, 2009
3816:
3815:
3808:
3790:
3667:Nikita Khrushchev
3355:Japanese sea lion
3229:Sambucus racemosa
3067:peacock butterfly
3011:humid continental
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2562:
2561:
2044:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1884:Schmidt Peninsula
1880:Cape of Elisabeth
1855:Main rivers: The
1798:La Pérouse Strait
1790:Strait of Tartary
1739:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1639:, was wrecked on
1624:to the north and
1584:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1474:Treaty of Shimoda
1462:Gennady Nevelskoy
1405:Strait of Tartary
1066:
870:Indigenous people
600:rendering support
572:La Pérouse Strait
552:Southern Sakhalin
428:
427:
342:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
170:
169:
103:
99:
16:(Redirected from
7070:
6998:(Waixing'anling)
6935:
6928:
6921:
6912:
6911:
6870:Vancouver Island
6800:Alexander Island
6738:
6733:
6732:
6677:Ellesmere Island
6608:
6601:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6343:Khalpili Islands
6205:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6163:
6162:
6121:
6113:
6111:"Sakhalin"
6050:
6023:
6002:
5973:
5956:
5937:
5926:
5904:
5880:
5862:
5834:
5816:
5786:
5783:Ethnic Chrysalis
5777:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5710:on July 15, 2011
5701:
5699:
5697:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5604:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5472:. Archived from
5464:(July 7, 2008).
5462:The Moscow Times
5458:
5452:
5451:
5445:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5411:
5405:
5403:Gauge conversion
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5376:Dickinson, Rob.
5373:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5343:
5337:
5325:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5263:on July 17, 2011
5251:
5245:
5244:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5190:
5184:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5092:, 3 August 2011.
5080:
5074:
5073:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5026:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5008:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4946:
4940:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4861:Secord, James A.
4853:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4807:
4797:
4791:
4768:Ke tcheng ta tse
4765:
4763:
4761:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4643:. Archived from
4637:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4574:
4568:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4518:
4505:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4342:
4339:Schlesinger 2017
4336:
4327:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4280:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4124:Island Directory
4116:
4107:
4106:
4105:. July 23, 2024.
4095:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
3930:waste management
3811:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3748:
3724:
3716:
3564:
3549:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3513:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3454:in the north to
3448:Sakhalin Railway
3441:Russian Railways
3433:Sakhalin Railway
3371:Steller sea lion
3333:Western Pacific
3224:red whortleberry
3207:Vitis thunbergii
3204:) and the vine (
2998:
2990:
2981:
2976:
2965:
2950:
2945:
2934:
2919:
2914:
2903:
2888:
2883:
2872:
2857:
2852:
2841:
2826:
2821:
2810:
2795:
2790:
2779:
2764:
2759:
2748:
2733:
2728:
2717:
2702:
2697:
2686:
2671:
2666:
2655:
2640:
2635:
2624:
2568:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2519:
2504:
2499:
2488:
2473:
2468:
2457:
2442:
2437:
2426:
2411:
2406:
2395:
2380:
2375:
2364:
2349:
2344:
2333:
2318:
2313:
2302:
2287:
2282:
2271:
2256:
2251:
2240:
2225:
2220:
2209:
2194:
2189:
2178:
2103:
2085:
2048:Sakhalin Koreans
1940:
1928:
1916:
1869:Gulf of Patience
1737:Central part of
1701:Sakhalin Koreans
1671:Yalta Conference
1651:Second World War
1641:Cape Levenshtern
1577:
1575:
1574:
1478:Second Opium War
1409:Nevelskoy Strait
1328:, discovered by
1292:
1207:Matsumae Kinhiro
1177:Qianlong Emperor
1143:
1116:
1108:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
946:
941:
806:
789:
773:
770:
767:
764:
759:
753:
747:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
730:
721:
708:
707:
698:
692:
684:
678:
677:
676:
666:
659:
650:
642:
634:
628:
620:
606: instead of
588:
587:
524:
523:
486:island of Russia
447:
442:
438:
437:
395:Sakhalin Koreans
271:
270:
268:
267:
266:
261:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
229:Russian Far East
204:
203:
197:
184:
177:
173:
149:
143:
116:Google Translate
101:
97:
80:
79:
72:
21:
7078:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6978:Sakhalin Island
6972:Blagoveshchensk
6962:(Shuangchengzi)
6945:
6943:Outer Manchuria
6939:
6909:
6904:
6885:Somerset Island
6820:Melville Island
6747:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6721:
6666:Victoria Island
6623:
6622:100,000 km
6617:
6612:
6582:
6577:
6483:Shantar Islands
6458:Rechnaya Matuga
6398:Morskaya Matuga
6328:Kamen Opasnosti
6258:Chastye Islands
6248:Bolshoy Shantar
6209:
6199:
6192:
6190:
6135:
6057:
6055:Further reading
6039:
6020:
5953:
5924:
5902:
5878:
5856:
5831:
5823:
5813:
5800:
5793:
5774:
5760:Hudson, Mark J.
5755:
5750:
5749:
5739:
5737:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5713:
5711:
5702:
5695:
5693:
5684:
5676:
5674:
5667:Sakhalin Energy
5661:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5616:
5608:Financial Times
5599:
5598:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5548:. Terra Daily.
5544:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5470:The RZD-Partner
5459:
5455:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5429:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5374:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5335:Wayback Machine
5326:
5322:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5300:
5293:
5289:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5233:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5123:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5096:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5012:
5005:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4967:
4963:
4947:
4943:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4863:, eds. (2015).
4854:
4850:
4837:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4794:
4759:
4757:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4596:
4592:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4542:
4538:
4519:
4508:
4495:
4491:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4409:, p. 415;
4405:
4401:
4394:
4376:
4372:
4364:
4360:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4271:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4097:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4016:Empire of Japan
4002:
3989:, United States
3979:
3812:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3749:
3747:
3737:
3725:
3714:
3683:Sakhalin Tunnel
3679:Dmitry Medvedev
3655:
3635:Alaska Airlines
3579:
3572:
3565:
3556:
3550:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:2 ft
3515:
3511:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:4 ft
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3429:
3390:
3384:
3379:
3303:Tringa guttifer
3164:), and several
3162:Taxus cuspidata
3145:Ulmus laciniata
3114:Sasa kurilensis
3086:Picea jezoensis
3046:
3044:Flora and fauna
2996:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2550:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2093:Climate chart (
2083:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1932:
1929:
1920:
1917:
1786:
1772:with a maximum
1763:
1731:
1729:Sakhalin Oblast
1725:
1663:
1653:
1635:(396 tons), of
1603:
1591:Sakhalin Oblast
1569:
1543:
1537:Sakhalin Oblast
1521:
1484:(1858) and the
1482:Treaty of Aigun
1430:Khabarovsk Krai
1422:
1417:
1306:
1293:
1291:Brett L. Walker
1290:
1211:Matsumae Domain
1192:
1144:
1141:
1114:
1106:
1090:Russian Empires
1072:
1070:
1030:
931:History of Yuan
896:
890:
818:
813:
790:
787:
771:
768:
765:
762:
760:
739:
736:
733:
728:
726:
722:
674:
613:
612:
611:
608:Manchu alphabet
598:Without proper
589:
585:
580:
482:Sakhalin Oblast
454:Khabarovsk Krai
440:
424:
332:Sakhalin Oblast
327:Federal subject
321:
264:
262:
258:
255:
250:
247:
245:
243:
242:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
205:
166:
165:
164:
147:
141:
104:
81:
77:
70:
59:
54:Sakhalin Island
47:Sakhalin Island
42:
35:
32:Sakhalin Oblast
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7076:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7023:Ainu geography
7020:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6996:Stanovoy Range
6993:
6987:
6981:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6915:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6890:Kotelny Island
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6805:Severny Island
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6736:Islands portal
6724:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6611:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6508:Sivuch'i Rocks
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:Nedorazumeniya
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6323:Kamen-Mukdykyn
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Chetyre Paltsa
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6189:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6134:
6133:External links
6131:
6130:
6129:
6122:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6077:Across Siberia
6074:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6037:
6024:
6018:
6003:
5985:(2): 131–155.
5974:
5957:
5951:
5938:
5927:
5922:
5905:
5900:
5881:
5876:
5863:
5854:
5835:
5817:
5811:
5787:
5778:
5772:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5736:. June 2, 2021
5721:
5654:
5626:
5592:
5581:. p. C.11
5563:
5537:
5511:
5487:
5453:
5406:
5395:
5368:
5338:
5320:
5309:
5298:
5287:
5274:
5246:
5227:
5213:
5199:
5185:
5167:
5153:
5139:
5117:
5105:
5094:
5075:
5068:
5048:
5041:
5021:
5010:
5003:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4941:
4933:Mary and Susan
4925:
4892:
4875:
4848:
4823:
4792:
4738:
4709:
4702:
4682:
4670:
4658:
4632:
4611:
4602:
4590:
4575:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4506:
4489:
4474:
4454:
4452:, p. 133.
4439:
4437:, p. 415.
4427:
4415:
4399:
4392:
4370:
4358:
4356:, p. 226.
4343:
4341:, p. 135.
4328:
4313:
4311:, p. 295.
4298:
4291:
4265:
4251:
4244:
4224:
4217:
4197:
4171:
4145:
4108:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4057:Islands portal
4046:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4009:
4006:Russian Empire
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3978:
3975:
3937:Exxon Neftegas
3876:growing season
3814:
3813:
3728:
3726:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3706:Vladimir Putin
3694:Viktor Ishayev
3654:
3651:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3544:
3428:
3425:
3386:Main article:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3369:and the giant
3274:, and various
3188:Amur cork tree
3102:Larix gmelinii
3098:Dahurian larch
3045:
3042:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2079:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1901:Moneron Island
1861:Sea of Okhotsk
1785:
1782:
1761:
1755:Larry McDonald
1751:Moneron Island
1727:Main article:
1724:
1723:Recent history
1721:
1652:
1649:
1602:
1599:
1520:
1517:
1496:) and east of
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1305:
1302:
1288:
1191:
1188:
1167:). In 1732, 6
1139:
1029:
1028:Qing tributary
1026:
995:zhǐhuī qiānshì
892:Main article:
889:
886:
884:in the north.
817:
814:
812:
809:
785:
602:, you may see
590:
583:
582:
581:
579:
576:
474:Sea of Okhotsk
450:Northeast Asia
433:(Russian:
426:
425:
423:
422:
411:
409:
403:
402:
398:
397:
371:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
357:489,638 (2019)
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
339:
335:
334:
329:
323:
322:
317:
314:
313:
312:Administration
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
240:
236:
235:
226:
222:
221:
217:
216:
207:
206:
199:
198:
192:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
168:
167:
163:
162:
155:
144:
122:
119:
108:
105:
86:
85:
84:
82:
75:
39:Sacalin Island
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7075:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7013:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6948:
6944:
6936:
6931:
6929:
6924:
6922:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6860:Yuzhny Island
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6744:
6737:
6731:
6726:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:Great Britain
6670:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6651:Baffin Island
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6363:Kuril Islands
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6243:Bolshoy Chome
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6203:
6196:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6083:C. H. Hawes,
6082:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6061:Anton Chekhov
6059:
6058:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6038:9789004300439
6034:
6030:
6025:
6021:
6019:0-520-24834-1
6015:
6011:
6010:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5958:
5954:
5952:9780198215509
5948:
5944:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5923:9780774832908
5919:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5903:
5901:9781503600683
5897:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5879:
5877:9780231160704
5873:
5869:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5814:
5812:9784832967342
5808:
5804:
5797:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5773:9780824864194
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5709:
5705:
5691:
5687:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5603:
5596:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5567:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5499:
5491:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5410:
5404:
5399:
5383:
5379:
5372:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5284:
5278:
5262:
5258:
5250:
5243:. p. 66.
5242:
5238:
5231:
5223:
5217:
5209:
5203:
5195:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5142:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5098:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5071:
5069:90-247-2863-0
5065:
5061:
5060:
5052:
5044:
5042:0-521-47771-9
5038:
5034:
5033:
5025:
5019:
5014:
5006:
5004:1-55521-537-8
5000:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4977:
4970:
4965:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4905:The Economist
4902:
4896:
4889:
4878:
4876:9781316473184
4872:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4845:
4833:
4827:
4819:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4705:
4703:9780774843522
4699:
4695:
4694:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4668:, p. 88.
4667:
4662:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4606:
4600:, p. 87.
4599:
4594:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4558:, p. 81.
4557:
4552:
4546:, p. 83.
4545:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4477:
4475:0-295-98124-5
4471:
4467:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4436:
4435:Nakamura 2010
4431:
4425:, p. 96.
4424:
4419:
4413:, p. 21.
4412:
4408:
4407:Nakamura 2010
4403:
4395:
4393:0-7876-0552-2
4389:
4384:
4383:
4374:
4368:, p. 64.
4367:
4362:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4326:, p. 20.
4325:
4324:Nakayama 2015
4320:
4318:
4310:
4309:Narangoa 2014
4305:
4303:
4294:
4292:0-8027-1399-8
4288:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4269:
4261:
4255:
4247:
4245:9780465029365
4241:
4237:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4218:9789811388675
4214:
4210:
4209:
4201:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4070:Ryugase Group
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4043:Russia portal
4033:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3995:, South Korea
3994:
3993:Jeju Province
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3807:
3799:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757: –
3756:
3752:
3751:Find sources:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3729:This section
3727:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:Petropavlovsk
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3601:, Japan, and
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3508:
3506:
3483:1,520 mm
3475:1,067 mm
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3394:Kuril Islands
3389:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:and Japanese
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3343:bowhead whale
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:Erman's birch
3125:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
2994:
2986:
2954:
2923:
2892:
2861:
2830:
2799:
2768:
2737:
2706:
2675:
2644:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2508:
2477:
2446:
2415:
2384:
2353:
2322:
2291:
2260:
2229:
2198:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1894:Cape Khalpili
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1850:Arctic Oceans
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:conglomerates
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1568:(Karafuto-chō
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1513:Anton Chekhov
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1458:Kuril Islands
1450:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:Cape Patience
1356:, who mapped
1355:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Cape Patience
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:Matsumae clan
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:Matsumae clan
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1138:
1136:
1135:Eight Banners
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
997:
987:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
937:
933:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:Udege peoples
908:
904:
901:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
860:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
822:
816:Early history
808:
805:
800:
796:
784:
779:
777:
758:
757:sahaliyan ula
752:
746:
720:
715:
710:
702:
697:
688:
683:
670:
665:
660:
654:
646:
638:
633:
624:
619:
609:
605:
601:
597:
595:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:Kuril Islands
540:
536:
532:
528:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
432:
420:
416:
413:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:Ethnic groups
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
310:
307:
306:Mount Lopatin
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
218:
196:
187:
183:
178:
172:
160:
156:
153:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
107:
106:
100:
94:
92:
87:You can help
83:
74:
73:
68:
64:
57:
55:
50:
48:
40:
33:
19:
6956:(Haishenwai)
6795:Devon Island
6780:Banks Island
6774:
6707:Newfoundland
6697:North Island
6687:South Island
6472:
6468:Rovny Island
6378:Maly Shantar
6318:Ivyinichaman
6228:Banka Zotova
6125:
6115:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6028:
6008:
5982:
5978:
5961:
5942:
5932:
5909:
5886:
5867:
5860:Google Books
5858:– via
5840:
5826:
5802:
5795:
5782:
5763:
5738:. Retrieved
5733:
5724:
5712:. Retrieved
5708:the original
5694:. Retrieved
5690:the original
5675:. Retrieved
5671:the original
5657:
5645:. Retrieved
5638:
5629:
5617:. Retrieved
5606:
5595:
5583:. Retrieved
5576:
5566:
5554:. Retrieved
5540:
5528:. Retrieved
5523:
5514:
5502:. Retrieved
5490:
5478:. Retrieved
5474:the original
5469:
5456:
5430:. Retrieved
5426:the original
5421:
5409:
5398:
5386:. Retrieved
5382:the original
5371:
5359:. Retrieved
5355:the original
5341:
5323:
5312:
5301:
5290:
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5261:the original
5249:
5236:
5230:
5221:
5216:
5207:
5202:
5193:
5188:
5178:
5170:
5144:. Retrieved
5130:
5120:
5108:
5097:
5087:
5078:
5058:
5051:
5031:
5024:
5013:
4994:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4969:William Wirt
4968:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4904:
4895:
4887:
4880:. Retrieved
4865:
4851:
4843:
4836:. Retrieved
4826:
4802:
4795:
4779:
4776:Dondon River
4767:
4758:. Retrieved
4751:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4722:
4712:
4692:
4685:
4673:
4661:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:the original
4635:
4619:
4614:
4605:
4593:
4551:
4539:
4530:
4526:
4492:
4479:. Retrieved
4464:
4457:
4430:
4418:
4411:Stephan 1971
4402:
4381:
4373:
4361:
4276:
4268:
4259:
4254:
4234:
4227:
4207:
4200:
4188:. Retrieved
4184:the original
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4158:
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4132:the original
4123:
4102:
4022:Qing dynasty
3972:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:Tatar Strait
3934:
3914:
3880:
3829:
3802:
3793:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3750:
3738:Please help
3733:verification
3730:
3691:
3676:
3656:
3580:
3509:
3472:
3445:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3391:
3367:ringed seals
3351:killer whale
3347:beluga whale
3325:). Numerous
3323:Oncorhynchus
3322:
3310:
3302:
3242:
3227:
3205:
3199:
3191:
3181:
3161:
3158:Japanese yew
3154:Prunus padus
3153:
3143:
3131:
3121:
3113:
3110:Pinus pumila
3109:
3101:
3093:
3090:Sakhalin fir
3085:
3071:
3060:
3038:
3025:
3017:
3008:
2065:The 400,000
2064:
2052:World War II
2041:
2002:
1963:
1949:Demographics
1898:
1891:
1888:Cape Crillon
1877:
1854:
1813:
1802:
1787:
1777:
1759:
1744:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1664:
1632:
1630:
1626:right whales
1604:
1588:
1563:
1544:
1505:penal colony
1502:
1490:Heilongjiang
1471:
1455:
1415:19th century
1394:
1390:
1351:
1337:
1334:Cape Crillon
1314:earlier work
1298:Mamiya Rinzō
1295:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1239:
1220:
1204:
1199:Mamiya Rinzō
1185:
1181:Rinzo Mamiya
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1142:Shiro Sasaki
1130:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1057:
1042:Qing dynasty
1039:
1020:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
977:
960:
957:Ming dynasty
955:The Chinese
954:
950:Yuan dynasty
943:
935:
929:
927:
897:
868:
830:
798:
794:
792:
781:
711:
656:
614:
591:
564:World War II
516:
510:
478:Sea of Japan
470:West Pacific
430:
429:
362:Pop. density
349:Demographics
318:
171:
134:edit summary
125:
98:(March 2022)
96:
88:
67:Heilongjiang
53:
46:
6974:(Hailanpao)
6954:Vladivostok
6850:New Britain
6835:Spitsbergen
6563:Yengalychev
6558:Yam Islands
6493:Shiashkotan
6348:Kharimkotan
6283:Dobrzhansky
6268:Chirinkotan
6073:(1891–1895)
5799:北東アジアの歴史と文化
5753:Works cited
5524:RIA Novosti
4949:Eliza Adams
4838:October 31,
4780:Yupi ta tse
4678:Walker 2006
4666:Sasaki 1999
4598:Sasaki 1999
4586:Sasaki 1999
4571:Walker 2006
4450:Walker 2006
4423:Zgusta 2015
4366:Zgusta 2015
4354:Hudson 1999
4024:, 1636–1872
3921:Sakhalin-II
3844:coal mining
3796:August 2022
3696:proposed a
3653:Fixed links
3591:Vladivostok
3567:A Japanese
3512:750 mm
3460:train ferry
3278:(including
3150:bird cherry
2095:explanation
1622:gray whales
1255:Ulch people
1153:Mudan River
1040:The Manchu
961:ximin tizhi
915:Tyr, Russia
826:Ainu people
788:T. Nakayama
769:Black River
263: /
239:Coordinates
7012:Categories
6966:Khabarovsk
6770:Hispaniola
6646:Madagascar
6636:New Guinea
6433:Prokofyeva
6423:Paramushir
6373:Makanrushi
6293:Feklistova
6218:Antsiferov
5619:October 2,
4997:. Castle.
4981:The Friend
4957:Sea Breeze
4882:October 3,
4651:August 16,
4628:4480856684
4544:Smith 2017
4164:January 6,
4159:CNN Travel
4000:Claimed by
3987:Washington
3983:Gig Harbor
3917:Sakhalin-I
3906:ExxonMobil
3872:vegetables
3766:newspapers
3755:"Sakhalin"
3659:fixed link
3587:Khabarovsk
3363:Yellow Sea
3345:, and the
3335:gray whale
3331:endangered
3305:) and the
3296:endangered
3244:Brown bear
3212:cloudberry
3132:B. ermanii
3096:) and the
3078:coniferous
2017:Ukrainians
1966:Ukrainians
1905:Ush Island
1892:See also:
1834:sandstones
1819:limestones
1816:Cretaceous
1770:Neftegorsk
1655:See also:
1637:New London
1610:whaleships
1531:See also:
1338:Black Cape
898:After the
776:Amur River
716:called it
691:Бугата на̄
354:Population
260:51°N 143°E
93:in Russian
6992:(Miaojie)
6986:(Nibuchu)
6984:Nerchinsk
6980:(Kuyedao)
6960:Ussuriysk
6785:Sri Lanka
6631:Greenland
6393:Menshikov
6298:Glinyanyy
6158:from 1854
6047:912504787
5991:0021-910X
5846:Routledge
5640:The Times
5530:March 29,
4918:March 28,
4913:0013-0613
4812:cite book
4082:Citations
4018:1840–1875
3842:exports,
3639:Anchorage
3377:Transport
3359:sea otter
3327:cetaceans
3272:squirrels
3234:raspberry
3220:crowberry
3216:cranberry
3076:, mostly
3022:subarctic
2075:evacuated
1873:Aniva Bay
1823:ammonites
1805:orography
1784:Geography
1675:16th Army
1645:whale oil
1633:Jefferson
1582:(today's
1318:d'Anville
1216:Poronaysk
1205:In 1635,
1157:hala-i-da
1005:wèizhènfǔ
985:zhǐhuīshǐ
853:Aniva Bay
833:Neolithic
761:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
745:Sahaliyan
725:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
682:Bugata nā
675:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
664:Sahaliyan
578:Etymology
542:northern
522:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
517:Sahaliyan
415:UTC+11:00
407:Time zone
373:majority
285:Area rank
220:Geography
152:talk page
7018:Sakhalin
6895:Sardinia
6790:Tasmania
6775:Sakhalin
6765:Hokkaido
6755:Mindanao
6682:Sulawesi
6668:(Canada)
6573:Zubchaty
6568:Zavyalov
6548:Ushishir
6503:Simushir
6488:Shelikan
6473:Sakhalin
6413:Onekotan
6403:Nansikan
6388:Medvezhy
6358:Kunashir
6303:Hokkaido
6253:Broutona
5999:41933457
5762:(1999).
5714:June 17,
5696:June 17,
5677:June 17,
5647:June 17,
5613:Archived
5585:June 17,
5556:June 17,
5504:June 17,
5480:June 17,
5442:cite web
5432:June 17,
5388:June 16,
5361:June 17,
5331:Archived
5267:June 16,
5146:July 16,
4760:June 16,
4749:(1736).
4731:June 16,
4720:(1736).
4556:Kim 2019
4498:Sei Wada
4481:June 16,
4190:June 16,
4138:June 16,
4029:See also
3902:trillion
3848:forestry
3671:Eurasian
3623:Shanghai
3599:Hakodate
3530: in
3501: in
3456:Korsakov
3414:Wakkanai
3260:reindeer
3232:), wild
2067:Japanese
2060:Korsakov
2035:and 750
2005:Russians
1994:Japanese
1992:, 0.81%
1988:, 0.95%
1984:, 2.82%
1886:, while
1846:Pliocene
1827:Tertiary
1794:Hokkaido
1764:
1716:Hokkaido
1708:disputed
1687:Toyohara
1607:American
1580:Toyohara
1330:de Vries
1289:—
1279:Nagasaki
1165:mokun-da
1161:gasan-da
1149:Ningguta
1140:—
1059:Kùyè dǎo
863:De Vries
786:—
727:ᡠᠯᠠ ᠠᠩᡤᠠ
623:Japanese
618:Karafuto
490:Russians
466:Hokkaido
436:Сахали́н
431:Sakhalin
391:Japanese
375:Russians
225:Location
208:Sakhalin
175:Sakhalin
128:provide
6900:Bananal
6760:Ireland
6717:Iceland
6656:Sumatra
6528:Tyuleny
6498:Shumshu
6463:Reyneke
6453:Rasshua
6448:Raikoke
6428:Pilamif
6333:Kekurny
6273:Chkalov
6238:Belichy
6223:Atlasov
5740:June 3,
5734:Reuters
4283:148–150
3961:Gazprom
3898:barrels
3895:billion
3852:fishing
3780:scholar
3712:Economy
3698:railway
3687:roubles
3647:Magadan
3619:Sapporo
3615:Niigata
3554:Nogliki
3525:⁄
3496:⁄
3468:Kholmsk
3452:Nogliki
3292:endemic
3276:rodents
3252:red fox
3238:Spiraea
3196:spindle
3194:), the
3166:willows
3118:Birches
3088:), the
3074:forests
3034:Irkutsk
2081:Climate
2056:Kholmsk
2009:Koreans
1998:Koreans
1990:Germans
1980:, 5.1%
1976:, 5.4%
1972:, 5.8%
1968:, 7.0%
1882:on the
1865:Poronay
1778:Violent
1776:of IX (
1618:bowhead
1612:hunted
1601:Whaling
1367:Jesuits
1322:Jesuits
1275:jittoku
1271:nishiki
1259:mangpao
1223:Ōtomari
1131:duanpao
1127:mangpao
1123:brocade
1078:Manchus
1076:). The
1046:Chinese
973:Yishiha
900:Mongols
849:middens
845:Olonets
841:Kusunai
837:Siberia
811:History
714:Manchus
658:Kùyèdǎo
560:seizing
377:, some
265:51; 143
150:to the
132:in the
95:.
6968:(Boli)
6880:Sicily
6865:Hainan
6845:Taiwan
6840:Kyushu
6830:Marajó
6661:Honshu
6641:Borneo
6553:Utichy
6418:Oremif
6368:Kusova
6313:Iturup
6288:Ekarma
6045:
6035:
6016:
5997:
5989:
5949:
5920:
5898:
5874:
5852:
5809:
5770:
5137:
5066:
5039:
5001:
4911:
4873:
4772:Hezhen
4700:
4626:
4472:
4390:
4289:
4242:
4215:
3868:barley
3850:, and
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3663:tunnel
3645:, and
3631:Harbin
3627:Dalian
3617:, and
3583:Moscow
3464:Vanino
3410:timber
3402:Vanino
3341:, the
3319:salmon
3236:, and
3186:, the
3136:poplar
3126:) and
3080:. The
3030:Harbin
3015:Köppen
2971:
2968:
2960:
2957:
2940:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2909:
2906:
2898:
2895:
2878:
2875:
2867:
2864:
2847:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2816:
2813:
2805:
2802:
2785:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2754:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2723:
2720:
2712:
2709:
2692:
2689:
2681:
2678:
2661:
2658:
2650:
2647:
2630:
2627:
2619:
2616:
2525:
2522:
2514:
2511:
2494:
2491:
2483:
2480:
2463:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2432:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2401:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2370:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2339:
2336:
2328:
2325:
2308:
2305:
2297:
2294:
2277:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2246:
2243:
2235:
2232:
2215:
2212:
2204:
2201:
2184:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2033:Nivkhs
2029:Evenks
2025:Sakhas
2021:Tatars
1978:Tatars
1863:. The
1840:, and
1741:, 2009
1614:whales
1539:, and
1498:Ussuri
1382:Manchu
1267:chaofu
1265:, and
1251:Honshu
1235:Honshu
1173:gasban
1111:gashan
1073:ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᠠ
1056::
1054:pinyin
1048::
1010:marten
882:Nivkhs
804:koushi
706:Ых-миф
696:Yh-mif
671::
669:Manchu
655::
653:pinyin
647::
639::
594:Manchu
533:, and
513:Manchu
506:Nivkhs
504:, and
492:. The
458:Russia
393:&
319:Russia
56:(film)
49:(book)
6875:Timor
6702:Luzon
6533:Umara
6518:Telan
6383:Matua
6353:Konus
6338:Ketoy
5995:JSTOR
5801:[
4788:Nanai
4533:(22).
3910:Shell
3860:wheat
3787:JSTOR
3773:books
3637:from
3611:Tokyo
3607:Busan
3603:Seoul
3256:sable
3174:rowan
3170:maple
3065:with
2037:Oroks
1986:Oroks
1974:Poles
1970:Nivkh
1958:Nivkh
1842:clays
1838:marls
1386:Nanai
1362:Dutch
1171:, 18
1115:ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
1022:Nivkh
945:Gǔwéi
936:Guwei
923:Amgun
907:Nivkh
878:Oroks
701:Nivkh
596:text.
539:China
515:word
502:Oroks
462:Japan
379:Nivkh
251:143°E
112:DeepL
63:Heihe
6712:Cuba
6692:Java
6538:Urup
6308:Iony
6043:OCLC
6033:ISBN
6014:ISBN
5987:ISSN
5947:ISBN
5918:ISBN
5896:ISBN
5872:ISBN
5850:ISBN
5807:ISBN
5768:ISBN
5742:2021
5716:2010
5698:2010
5679:2010
5649:2010
5621:2006
5587:2010
5558:2010
5532:2014
5506:2010
5482:2010
5448:link
5434:2010
5390:2010
5363:2010
5269:2010
5175:Тымь
5148:2008
5135:ISBN
5064:ISBN
5037:ISBN
4999:ISBN
4953:Erie
4920:2024
4909:ISSN
4884:2020
4871:ISBN
4840:2021
4818:link
4786:and
4784:Ulch
4762:2010
4733:2010
4698:ISBN
4653:2015
4624:ISBN
4483:2010
4470:ISBN
4388:ISBN
4287:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4213:ISBN
4192:2010
4166:2019
4140:2010
3925:US$
3919:and
3908:and
3887:boom
3870:and
3864:oats
3838:and
3759:news
3629:and
3605:and
3534:Okha
3466:and
3446:The
3427:Rail
3408:and
3406:coal
3315:fish
3288:bird
3284:mice
3282:and
3280:rats
3268:hare
3254:and
3176:and
3082:Yezo
2071:Ainu
2058:and
2027:and
2013:Ainu
1982:Ainu
1903:and
1803:Its
1659:and
1620:and
1494:Amur
1378:Amur
1273:and
1263:bufu
1169:hala
1119:hala
1107:ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
1103:hala
1094:Amur
1071:ᡴᡠᠶᡝ
1065:lit.
990:指揮僉事
921:and
919:Amur
909:and
874:Ainu
799:i.e.
795:kuyi
729:ᡥᠠᡩᠠ
712:The
693:),
687:Orok
632:Kuye
535:Qing
531:Ming
527:Yuan
498:Ainu
441:IPA:
419:MAGT
387:Ainu
383:Orok
289:23rd
276:Area
248:51°N
126:must
124:You
65:and
6543:Ush
5966:doi
5089:BBC
5086:",
4500:, ‘
3856:rye
3840:gas
3836:oil
3742:by
3577:Air
3382:Sea
3178:oak
3156:),
3148:),
3140:elm
3134:),
3116:).
3032:or
3026:Dfc
3018:Dfb
2964:2.5
2933:3.2
2902:3.9
2871:4.2
2840:4.1
2809:3.4
2778:2.1
2747:2.7
2716:2.2
2685:1.7
2654:1.7
2623:1.9
2534:−17
2425:107
2394:105
2255:−13
2224:−19
2193:−18
1857:Tym
1573:樺太庁
1316:by
1237:).
1231:Ezo
1163:or
1050:库页岛
1000:衛鎮撫
980:指揮使
969:Tyr
851:on
763:ᡠᠯᠠ
751:ula
709:).
679:),
661:),
649:庫頁島
641:库页岛
629:),
464:'s
456:in
114:or
7014::
6114:.
6063:,
6041:.
5993:.
5983:41
5981:.
5916:,
5912:,
5894:,
5890:,
5848:,
5732:.
5637:.
5605:.
5575:.
5522:.
5468:.
5444:}}
5440:{{
5349:.
5156:^
4907:.
4903:.
4886:.
4859:;
4842:.
4814:}}
4810:{{
4770:("
4578:^
4563:^
4531:18
4529:.
4525:.
4509:^
4442:^
4346:^
4331:^
4316:^
4301:^
4285:.
4157:.
4126:.
4122:.
4111:^
4101:.
4090:^
4014:,
3985:,
3912:.
3866:,
3862:,
3858:,
3846:,
3689:.
3649:.
3641:,
3625:,
3613:,
3589:,
3585:,
3498:32
3494:27
3489:11
3470:.
3443:.
3270:,
3250:,
3246:,
3240:.
3222:,
3218:,
3214:,
3172:,
3138:,
2975:19
2949:19
2944:36
2918:32
2913:52
2887:45
2882:64
2856:54
2851:70
2825:52
2820:66
2794:45
2789:61
2763:34
2758:54
2732:25
2727:41
2696:28
2670:−2
2665:19
2634:18
2529:−7
2518:63
2503:−7
2487:81
2467:11
2456:98
2436:18
2410:12
2405:21
2379:11
2374:19
2363:87
2343:16
2332:54
2312:12
2301:69
2286:−4
2270:57
2250:−2
2239:42
2219:−7
2208:44
2188:−8
2177:48
2023:,
2019:,
2015:,
1836:,
1832:,
1757:.
1689:.
1647:.
1597:.
1535:,
1500:.
1261:,
1129:,
1062:;
1052:;
1002:;
992:;
982:;
942:;
940:骨嵬
855:.
807:.
778:.
742:.
703::
689::
651:;
643:;
627:樺太
625::
529:,
500:,
439:,
389:,
385:,
381:,
231:,
6934:e
6927:t
6920:v
6607:e
6600:t
6593:v
6185:e
6178:t
6171:v
6049:.
6022:.
6001:.
5972:.
5968::
5955:.
5815:.
5776:.
5744:.
5718:.
5700:.
5681:.
5651:.
5623:.
5589:.
5560:.
5534:.
5508:.
5484:.
5450:)
5436:.
5392:.
5365:.
5271:.
5150:.
5072:.
5045:.
5007:.
4922:.
4820:)
4764:.
4735:.
4706:.
4655:.
4630:）
4496:(
4485:.
4396:.
4295:.
4248:.
4221:.
4194:.
4168:.
4142:.
3809:)
3803:(
3798:)
3794:(
3784:·
3777:·
3770:·
3763:·
3736:.
3536:(
3527:2
3523:1
3520:+
3518:5
3514:(
3491:+
3485:(
3477:(
3435:(
3321:(
3309:(
3301:(
3198:(
3190:(
3160:(
3152:(
3142:(
3130:(
3108:(
3100:(
3092:(
3024:(
3013:(
2997:█
2989:█
2980:1
2701:9
2639:0
2609:D
2606:N
2603:O
2600:S
2597:A
2594:J
2591:J
2588:M
2585:A
2582:M
2579:F
2576:J
2551:█
2543:█
2498:2
2472:0
2441:7
2348:7
2317:1
2281:5
2162:D
2157:N
2152:O
2147:S
2142:A
2137:J
2132:J
2127:M
2122:A
2117:M
2112:F
2107:J
2097:)
1762:w
1576:)
1570:(
1492:(
1432:)
1336:(
1113:(
1105:(
938:(
772:'
766:'
740:'
734:'
699:(
685:(
667:(
635:(
621:(
610:.
519:(
421:)
417:(
161:.
154:.
69:.
58:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.PNG)
