Nichiren Buddhism - Knowledge

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between clerical and lay status. Lay centrality characterizes the nineteenth- and twentieth-century history of both Buddhism and Shinto and is closely related to the appearance of new religious groups outside the ecclesiastical hierarchy of either tradition. Lay centrality in Buddhism was stimulated after the Meiji Restoration by haibutsu kishaku (movement to destroy Buddhism), which became the occasion for serious reform within temple Buddhism. Early Meiji Buddhism witnessed the appearance of popularizers, ecumenical thought, and moves to initiate laity in the precepts, all aspects of the trend to lay centrality.

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refers to a class of people who have the time and means to seek Buddhist teachers to appropriate certain Buddhist techniques such as meditation. "Export or evangelical" Buddhism refers to groups that actively proselytize for new members in their local organizations. "Baggage" or "ethnic" Buddhism refers to diaspora Buddhists, usually of a single ethnic group, who have relocated more for social and economic advancement than for evangelical purposes. Another taxonomy divides Western Buddhist groups into three different categories: evangelical, church-like, and meditational.

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first mentioned and discovered by Taiseki-ji High Priest Nikkyo Shonin in 1488, claiming Nichiren transferred his teaching exclusively to Nikkō but their authenticity has been questioned. Taiseki-ji does not dispute that the original documents are missing but holds that certified copies are preserved in their repositories. In contrast, other Nichiren sects vehemently claim them as forgeries since they are not in the original handwriting of Nichiren or Nikkō, holding they were copied down by Nikkō's disciples after his death."

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in his estimation from 'ignorant people' to devotees meriting equally with himself the name of 'practitioners of the Lotus Sutra.'" During this time Nichiren inscribed 114 mandalas that are extant today, 49 of which have been identified as being inscribed for individual lay followers and which may have served to deepen the bond between teacher and disciple. In addition, a few very large mandalas were inscribed, apparently intended for use at gathering places, suggesting the existence of some type of

2231:(1600–1868). During these time periods, collectively comprising Japan's medieval history, Nichiren Buddhism experienced considerable fracturing, growth, turbulence and decline. A prevailing characteristic of the movement in medieval Japan was its lack of understanding of Nichiren's own spiritual realization. Serious commentaries about Nichiren's theology did not appear for almost two hundred years. This contributed to divisive doctrinal confrontations that were often superficial and dogmatic. 3280:

eventually failed. It also established missions in Sakhalin, Manchuria, and Taiwan. A Nichiren Shu mission was established in Hawaii in 1900. By 1920 it established temples at Pahala, Honolulu, Wailuku and Maui. In 1955, it officially started a mission in Brazil. In 1991, it established the Nichiren Buddhist International Center in 1991 and in 2002 built a center in Hayward, California, to help overseas missions. However, Nichiren Shu does not widely propagate in the West.

22: 12321: 2788:, an imposed nationwide parish system designed to ensure religious peace and root out Christianity. In this system Buddhist temples, in addition to their ceremonial duties, were forced to carry out state administrative functions. Thereby they became agents of the government and were prohibited to engage in any missionary activities. Hokkeshū temples were now obligated, just like those of other Buddhist schools, to focus on funeral and memorial services ( 2031:. Every thought, word, or deed contains within itself the whole of the three thousand realms; reading even one word of the sūtra therefore includes the teachings and merits of all buddhas. Chanting Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, according to Nichiren, is the concrete means by which the principle of the three thousand realms in a single thought-moment is activated and assures the attainment of enlightenment as well as receiving various kinds of worldly benefit. 12332: 9730: 9717: 9707: 2108:

Nichiren stated, most recanted their faith in order to escape the government's actions. In contrast, during the Atsuhara episode twenty lay peasant-farmer followers were arrested on questionable charges and tortured; three were ultimately executed. This time none recanted their faith. Some of his prominent followers in other parts of the country were also being persecuted but maintained their faith as well.

2466:) but define it differently. Over the centuries the Nichiren schools have come to understand it differently as well. The Minobu school has come to identify the Buddha as Shakyamuni whereas the Nikkō school identifies it as Nichiren. For Minobu the Dharma is Namu-myoho-renge-kyo, the Nikkō school identifies it as the Namu-myoho-renge-kyo that is hidden in the 16th "Lifespan" Chapter of the Lotus Sutra (the 2104:色読). In so doing, according to him, he validated the 13th ("Fortitude") chapter of the Lotus Sutra in which a host of bodhisattvas promise to face numerous trials that follow in the wake of upholding and spreading the sutra in the evil age following the death of the Buddha: slander and abuse; attack by swords and staves; enmity from kings, ministers, and respected monks; and repeated banishment. 2559:(English: Rotation Wheel System) to clean and maintain Nichiren's grave. By the third anniversary of Nichiren's passing (13 October 1284), these arrangements seemed to have broken down. Nikkō claimed that the other five senior priests no longer returned to Nichiren's tomb in Mount Minobu, citing signs of neglect at the gravesite. He took up residency and overall responsibility for 3757: 3305:

and Moorslede. It is active in interfaith organizations, including the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF) and Religions for Peace (WCRP). It has consultative states with the United Nations and since 1983 issues an annual Peace Prize to individuals or organizations worldwide that work for peace and development and promote interreligious cooperation.

1679:) in a way that would effect actual change in the world's societies so that the sanctuary, or seat, of Buddhism could be built. Nichiren saw this sanctuary as a specific seat of his Buddhism, but there is thought that he also meant it in a more general sense, that is, wherever his Buddhism would be practiced. This sanctuary, along with the invocation and 2816:) was marked by the transformation of late-feudal institutions into modern ones as well as the political transition from shogunal to imperial rule and the economic shift from national isolation to integration in the world economy. This entailed creating a centralized state, stitching together some 260 feudal domains ruled by hereditary leaders ( 1672:" who appeared in the Lotus Sutra with the vow to spread the correct teaching and thereby establish a peaceful and just society. For Nichiren, enlightenment is not limited to one's inner life, but is "something that called for actualization in endeavors toward the transformation of the land, toward the realization of an ideal society." 2119:, Nichiren held his community together in the face of significant oppression through a sophisticated display of legal and rhetorical responses. He also drew on a wide array of support from the network of leading monks and lay disciples he had raised, some of whom were also experiencing persecution at the hands of the government. 1830:

had reached Japan represented the essence of Shakyamuni's teaching? (3) How could he be assured of the certainty of his own enlightenment? (4) Why was the Imperial house defeated by the Kamakura regime in 1221 despite the prayers and rituals of Tendai and Shingon priests? He eventually concluded that the highest teachings of

2251:(Nichiren School). The splintering of Nichiren's teachings into different schools began several years after Nichiren's passing. Despite their differences, however, the Nichiren groups shared commonalities: asserting the primacy of the Lotus Sutra, tracing Nichiren as their founder, centering religious practice on chanting 1664:

interrelated. He considered conditions in the world to be a reflection of the conditions of the inner lives of people; the premise of his first major remonstrance, Rissho Ankoku Ron (Establishing The Correct Teaching for the Peace of The Land), is that if a nation abandons heretical forms of Buddhism and adopts

2882:(Eradication of Buddhism), Japanese Buddhism during the Tokugawa-to-Meiji transition proved to be a crisis of survival. The new government promoted policies that reduced the material resources available to Buddhist temples and downgraded their role in the religious, political, and social life of the nation. 5155: 1778:" in which the interplay of the Lotus Sutra text and his personal experiences verified and enriched each other in his mind. As a result, there are significant turning points as his teachings reach full maturity. Scholar Yoshirō Tamura categorizes the development of Nichiren's thinking into three periods: 2335:. Nitchō formed the Nakayama lineage but later returned to become a follower of Nikkō. Nichiji, originally another follower of Nikkō, eventually traveled to the Asian continent (ca. 1295) on a missionary journey and some scholarship suggests he reached northern China, Manchuria, and possibly Mongolia. 2646:

According to Stone, it is not absolutely clear that Nikkō intended to completely break from the other senior disciples and start his own school. However, his followers claimed that he was the only one of the six senior disciples who maintained the purity of Nichiren's legacy. Two documents appeared,

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Throughout the events he wrote many letters to his disciples in which he gave context to the unfolding events by asserting that severe trials have deep significance. According to Stone, "By standing firm under interrogation, the Atsuhara peasants had proved their faith in Nichiren's eyes, graduating

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with the declaration "I will be the pillar of Japan; I will be the eyes of Japan; I will be the vessel of Japan. Inviolable shall remain these vows!" His thinking now went beyond theories of karmic retribution or guarantees of the Lotus Sutra as a protective force. Rather, he expressed a resolve to

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The awareness of Śākyamuni Buddha's living presence. "Bodily reading the Lotus Sutra" is equivalent to entering the very presence of the Buddha in an immediate, experiential, and face-to-face way, he claimed. Here Nichiren is referring to the primordial buddha revealed in Chapter 16 ("Life Span of

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During the middle stage of his career, in refuting other religious schools publicly and vociferously, Nichiren provoked the ire of the country's rulers and of the priests of the sects he criticized. As a result, he was subjected to persecution which included two assassination attempts, an attempted

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temple and other major centers of Buddhist study in Japan. In later writings he claimed he was motivated by four primary questions: (1) What were the essentials of the competing Buddhist sects so they could be ranked according to their merits and flaws? (2) Which of the many Buddhist scriptures that

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focuses on using its teachings to promote a culture of religiosity through inter-religious dialogue. In 1967, it launched the "Faith to All Men Movement" to awaken a globalized religiosity. It has over 2 million members and 300 Dharma centers in 20 countries throughout the world including Frankfurt

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The trend toward lay centrality was prominent in Nichiren Buddhism as well, predating the Meiji period. Some Nichiren reformers in the Meiji period attempted to inject a nationalistic interpretation of Nichiren's teachings; others called for globalist perspectives. According to Japanese researcher

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school in 1532. Initially successful it became the most powerful religious group in Kyoto but its fortunes were reversed in 1536 when Mt. Hiei armed forces destroyed twenty-one Hokkeshū temples and killed some 58,000 of its followers. In 1542 permission was granted by the government to rebuild the

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Although there were rivalries and unique interpretations among the early Hokkeshũ lineages, none were as deep and distinct as the divide between the Nikkō or Fuji school and the rest of the tradition. Animosity and discord among the six senior disciples started after the second death anniversary of

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sutras. Drawing on Tendai thinking about the non duality of person and land, Nichiren argued that the truth and efficacy of the people's religious practice will be expressed in the outer conditions of their land and society. He thereby associated the natural disasters of his age with the nation's

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as evangelical but others claim that it broke out of the "Two Buddhisms" paradigm. It is quite multi-ethnic and it has taken hold among native populations in locations including Korea, Malaysia, Brazil, Europe, parts of Africa, India, and North America. The growth of the Soka Gakkai was sparked by

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Out of 162 historically identified followers of Nichiren, 47 were women. Many of his writings were to women followers in which he displays strong empathy for their struggles, and continually stressed the Lotus Sutra's teaching that all people, men and women equally, can become enlightened just as

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In 1278 the "Atsuhara Affair" ("Atsuhara Persecution") occurred, culminating three years later. In the prior stage of his career, between 1261 and 1273, Nichiren endured and overcame numerous trials that were directed at him personally including assassination attempts, an attempted execution, and

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Nichiren developed his thinking in this midst of confusing Lotus Sutra practices and a competing array of other "Old Buddhism" and "New Buddhism" schools. The biographical development of his thinking is sourced almost entirely from his extant writings as there is no documentation about him in the

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which was incorporated in 1876. Nissatsu was active in Buddhist intersect cooperation to resist the government's hostile policies, adopted the government's "Great Teaching" policy that was Shinto-derived, and promoted intersectarian understanding. In the process, however, he reinterpreted some of

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was launched in Guam. In the United States it has attracted a diverse membership including a significant demographic of African Americans. Since the 1970s, it has created institutions, publications and exhibitions to support its overall theme of "peace, culture, and education." There is academic

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scholar Charles S. Prebish coined the typology of "two Buddhisms" to delineate the divide between forms of Buddhism that appealed either primarily to people of the Asian diaspora or to Euro-American converts. Nattier, on the other hand, proposes a three-way typology. "Import" or "elite" Buddhism

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attacked the theoretical roots of Buddhism. Critics included promoters of Confucianism, nativism, Shinto-inspired Restorationists, and modernizers. Buddhism was critiqued as a needless drain on public resources and also as an insidious foreign influence that had obscured the indigenous Japanese

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Sanenaga defended his actions, claiming that it was customary for his political family to provide monetary donations and make homage to the Shinto shrine of the Kamakura shogunate. Nikō tolerated Sanenaga's acts, claiming that similar incidents occurred previously with the knowledge of Nichiren.

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Moreover, many Nichiren-inspired new religions (see New Religious Movement) are lay Buddhist movements. The training and practices do not require advanced scholarly knowledge. They offer a type of Buddhism that ordinary people preoccupied with their families and occupations can practice without

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Nichirenism also includes several intellectuals and activists who reacted against the prewar ultranationalistic interpretations and argued for an egalitarian and socialist vision of society based on Nichiren's teachings and the Lotus Sutra. These figures ran against the growing tide of Japanese

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Nichiren Buddhism, like the other Buddhist schools, struggled between accommodation and confrontation. The Nichiren scholar Udana-in Nichiki (1800–1859) argued for a policy of co-existence with other schools of Buddhism, Confucianism, Nativism, and European religions. His disciple Arai Nissatsu

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In all areas of Japanese religions, the trend to lay centrality is among the most conspicuous historical developments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By lay centrality I mean an increasingly important role for laity in all aspects of religious life and a weakening of the distinction

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Nichiren Shu has been classified into the church-like category. One of several Japanese Buddhist schools that followed in the wake of Japanese military conquest and colonization, Nichiren Shu opened a temple in Pusan, Korea in 1881. Its fortunes rose and diminished with the political tides but

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Starting in the second decade of the restoration, pushback against these policies came from Western powers interested in providing a safe harbor for Christianity and Buddhist leaders who proposed an alliance of Shinto and Buddhism to resist Christianity. As part of this accommodation, Buddhist

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On two occasions, however, the persecution was aimed at his followers. First, in 1271, in conjunction with the arrest and attempted execution of Nichiren and his subsequent exile to Sado, many of his disciples were arrested, banished, or had lands confiscated by the government. At that time,

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practice it had become, but was meant to be practiced "with the body", that is, in one's actions and the consequent results that are manifested. More important than the formality of ritual, he claimed, was the substance of the practitioner's life in which the spiritual and material aspects are

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alone contains the highest degree of Buddhist teachings and proposed a classification system that ranks the quality of religions and various Nichiren schools can be either accommodating or vigorously opposed to any other forms of Buddhism or religious beliefs. Various followers debate Nichiren

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The target of his tactics expanded during the early part of his career. Between 1253 and 1259 he proselytized and converted individuals, mainly attracting mid- to lower-ranking samurai and local landholders and debated resident priests in Pure Land temples. In 1260, however, he attempted to

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were implemented at the local level throughout Japan but were particularly intense in three domains that were the most active in the Restoration: Satsuma, Choshii, and Tosa. In Satsuma, for example, by 1872 all of its 1000+ Buddhist temples had been abolished, their monks laicized, and their

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The Atsuhara Affair also gave Nichiren the opportunity to better define what was to become Nichiren Buddhism. He stressed that meeting great trials was a part of the practice of the Lotus Sutra; the great persecutions of Atsuhara were not results of karmic retribution but were the historical

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Utmost seriousness. True practitioners must go beyond mental or verbal practices and actively speak up against and oppose prevailing thoughts and philosophies that denigrate the message of the Lotus Sutra. Nichiren set the example and was willing to lay down his life for its propagation and

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By Nichiren's time the Lotus Sūtra was firmly established in Japan. From the ninth century, Japanese rulers decreed that the Lotus Sūtra be recited in temples for its "nation-saving" qualities. It was the most frequently read and recited sutra by the literate lay class and its message was

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and numerous executions of believers in 1668. During this time of persecution, most likely to prevent young priests from adopting a passion for propagation, Nichiren seminaries emphasized Tendai studies with only a few top-ranking students permitted to study some of Nichiren's writings.

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landholdings confiscated. Throughout the country thousands of Buddhist temples and, at a minimum, tens of thousands of Buddhist sutras, paintings, statues, temple bells and other ritual objects were destroyed, stolen, lost, or sold during the early years of the restoration.

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played a crucial role in rebuilding the commerce, industry, and arts in Kyoto. Their influence in the arts and literature continued through the Momoyama (1568–1615) and Edo (1615–1868) periods and many of the most famous artists and literati were drawn from their ranks.

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Nichiren began to argue that through "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra," rather than just studying its text for literal meaning, a country and its people could be protected. According to Habito, Nichiren argued that bodily reading the Lotus Sutra entails four aspects:

5144: 2488:. The Sangha, sometimes translated as "the priest", is also interpreted differently. Minobu defines it as Nichiren; Nichiren Shoshu as Nikkō representing its priesthood; and the Soka Gakkai as Nikkō representing the harmonious community of practitioners. 1871:

From this early stage of his career, Nichiren started to engage in fierce polemics criticizing the teachings of Buddhism taught by the other sects of his day, a practice that continued and expanded throughout his life. Although Nichiren accepted the

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Originally influenced by the ideals of Tanaka and Honda, Giro Seno came to reject ultra-nationalism and argued for humanism, socialism, pacifism, and democracy as a new interpretation of Nichiren's beliefs. He was imprisoned for two years under the

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fulfill his mission despite the consequences. All of his disciples, he asserted, should emulate his spirit and work just like him in helping all people open their innate Buddha lives even though this means entails encountering enormous challenges.

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The here and now. Nichiren held that the bodily reading of the sūtra must be applicable to time, place, and contemporary events. Nichiren was acutely aware of the social and political turmoil of his country and spiritual confusion of people in the

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between the state and Buddhist temples was dismantled which left the latter without its funding. Buddhist institutions had to align themselves to the new nationalistic agenda or perish. Many of these reform efforts were led by lay people.

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This long history of foundings, divisions, and mergers have led to today's 37 legally incorporated Nichiren Buddhist groups. In the modern period, Nichiren Buddhism experienced a revival, largely initiated by lay people and lay movements.

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public records of his times. Modern scholarship on Nichiren's life tries to provide sophisticated textual and sociohistorical analyses to cull longstanding myths about Nichiren that accrued over time from what is actually concretized.

5347: 4889: 2143:本門) of the Lotus Sutra. This, he now claimed, lay hidden in the depths of the 16th ("The Life Span of the Tathāgata") chapter, never before being revealed, but intended by the Buddha solely for the beginning of the Final Dharma Age. 1916:

sects. These four critiques were later collectively referred to as his "four dictums." Later in his writings, Nichiren referred to his early exegeses of the Pure Land teachings as just the starting point for his polemics against the

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group which splintered over whether the entire second half was of equal importance, the eight chapters of the second half when the assembly participates in "The Ceremony of the Air," or specifically Chapter Sixteen (Lifespan of the

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conducts more typical missionary activities in the West. It has a membership of between five hundred and one thousand members in Europe, concentrated in Italy, Spain, England and France. The approximately 1,500 members of the

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Although the various sects of Nichiren Buddhism were administratively independent, there is evidence of cooperation between them. For example, in 1466 the major Hokke temples in Kyoto signed the Kanshō-era accord (Kanshō

6009:. Tanabe, George J., Jr., 1943–, Tanabe, Willa J. (Willa Jane), 1945–, International Conference on the Lotus Sutra and Japanese Culture (1st : 1984 : University of Hawaii). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1652:). It has three pillars namely: faith, practice and study. Both the invocation and the Gohonzon, as taught by Nichiren, embody the title and essence of the Lotus Sutra, which he taught as the only valid scripture for the 3323:

has six temples in the United States led by Japanese priests and supported by lay Asians and non-Asians. There is one temple in Brazil and the residing priest serves as a "circuit rider" to attend to other locations.

2167:); lay out his views on other Buddhist schools, particularly those of influence during his lifetime; and elucidate his interpretations of Buddhist teachings that preceded his. These writings are collectively known as 2602:

In addition, Nikkō made accusatory charges that after Nichiren's death, other disciples slowly began to gradually deviate from what Nikkō viewed as Nichiren's orthodox teachings. Chief among these complaints was the

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temple while Nikō served as its doctrinal instructor. Before long tensions grew between the two concerning the behavior of Hakii Nanbu Rokurō Sanenaga, the steward of the Minobu district and the temple's patron.

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Matsunaga, Daigan, Matsunaga, Alicia (1988), Foundation of Japanese Buddhism, Vol. 2: The Mass Movement (Kamakura and Muromachi Periods), Los Angeles; Tokyo: Buddhist Books International, 1988 (fourth printing).

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After the above events and centuries of splintering based on dogma and institutional histories, the following major Nichiren temple schools, according to Matsunaga, were officially recognized in the Meiji era:

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attachment to inferior teachings, predicted foreign invasion and internal rebellion, and called for the return to legitimate dharma to protect the country. Although the role of Buddhism in "nation-protection" (

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group values the supremacy of the essential over the theoretical part of the Lotus Sutra. Therefore, solely the 2nd and 16th chapters of the Lotus Sutra are recited. There are additional subdivisions in the

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One who wants to know how high was his virtue, how profound and extensive was his learning, how heroic and grand was his character, and how gigantic and epoch-making was his mission, needs only to read his

3644:(Spiritual-Friendship-Association), founded in 1920 by Kakutaro Kubo and Kimi Kotani, Reiyūkai considers itself the grandfather of lay-based new religions devoted to the Lotus Sutra and ancestor veneration. 1884:) he drew a distinction, insisting both concepts should be seen as practical and realizable amidst the concrete realities of daily life. He took issue with other Buddhist schools of his time that stressed 5782: 7402: 3264:

While various sects and organizations have had a presence in nations outside Japan for over a century, the genuine expansion of Nichiren Buddhism overseas started in 1960 when Soka Gakkai president

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Nam-myoho-renge-kyo appears in the center of the Treasure Tower with the Buddhas Shakyamuni and Taho seated to the right and left and the four Bodhisattvas of the Earth, led by Jogyo, flank them.

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Pratom Prasertsak Angurarohita, 'Soka Gakkai in Thailand: A Sociological Study of its Emergence, World View, Recruitment Process, and Growth' (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1993)

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school, having no objections to its esoteric practices, perhaps as an expedient means to avoid persecution from Tiantai, Pure Land, and Shingon followers. This deepened the rift with Nikkō.

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which he sent to followers, and authored works constituting half of his extant writings including six treatises that were categorized by his follower Nikkō as among his ten most important.

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Although Soka Gakkai retains the copyrights on the foregoing two works and financed their publication, they show some deviation from similar works published under Soka Gakkai's own name.

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research on various national organizations affiliated with this movement: the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Scotland, Southeast Asia, Germany, and Thailand.

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Nichiren's important teachings. Among those arguing against accommodation were Nichiren scholar and lay believer Ogawa Taidō (1814–1878) and the cleric Honda Nisshō (1867–1931) of the

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Several Nichiren-inspired religious movements arose and appealed primarily to this segment of society with a message of alleviating suffering salvation for many poor urban workers.

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The roots of this splintering can be traced to the organization of the Nichiren community during his life. In 1282, one year before his death, Nichiren named "six senior priests" (

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In addition to using the letters to defend its claim to orthodoxy, the documents may have served to justify Taiseki-ji's claimed superiority over other Nikkō temples, especially

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Nichiren considered that in the Latter Day of the Law – a time of human strife and confusion, when Buddhism would be in decline – Buddhism had to be more than the theoretical or

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is often called "the most prominent Japanese 'export' religion to draw significant numbers of non-Japanese converts", by which Nichiren Buddhism has spread throughout the world.

4035: 2654:, the site of Nichiren's tomb. Even though there had been efforts by temples of the Nikkō lineage in the late 19th century to unify into one single separate Nichiren school the 2327:

or school. Nikō became the second chief abbot of Minobu (Nichiren is considered by this school to be the first). Nichirō's direct lineage was called the Nichirō or Hikigayatsu

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the year 1384) although they did not legally incorporate as religious bodies until the late 19th and early 20th century. A last wave of temple mergers took place in the 1950s.

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disseminated widely through art, folk tales, music, and theater. It was commonly held that it had powers to bestow spiritual and worldly benefits to individuals. However, even

6331: 5894: 3839: 2749:) to protect themselves against threats from Mt. Hiei. Despite strong sectarian differences, there is also evidence of interactions between Hokkeshū and Tendai scholar-monks. 4103: 6379: 7475: 5041: 2760:, increased pressure was placed major Buddhist schools and Nichiren temples to conform to governmental policies. Some Hokkeshū adherents, the followers of the so-called 2347:, the largest branch among traditional schools, encompassing the schools and temples tracing their origins to Nikō, Nichirō, Nisshō, Nitchō, and Nichiji. The lay and/or 8167: 4197: 3109:. Nisshō Honda advocated the unification of Japanese Buddhists to support the imperial state. Other ultra-nationalist activists who based their ideas on Nichiren were 8661: 9048:

Stone, Jacqueline I., Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism (Studies in East Asian Buddhism), University of Hawaii Press 2003,

8038: 4748: 3948: 3792: 1983:) was well-established in Japan at this time, in this thesis Nichiren explicitly held the leadership of the country directly responsible for the safety of the land. 6653: 2658:, today's Nichiren Shōshū comprises only the Taiseki-ji temple and its dependent temples. It is not identical to the historical Nikkō or Fuji lineage. Parts of the 6270: 5779: 2520:

or "Original Gate") chapters, are venerated. While great attention is given to the 2nd and 16th chapter of the Lotus Sutra, other parts of the sutra are recited.

6440: 8440: 2270:) that were frequently led by sons who became priests. Most Nichiren schools point to the founding date of their respective head or main temple (for example, 7405:. In: Hödl, Hans Gerald and Veronika Futterknecht, ed. Religionen nach der Säkularisierung. Festschrift für Johann Figl zum 65. Geburtstag, Wien: LIT, p. 187 2157:

A prolific writer, Nichiren's personal communiques among his followers as well as numerous treatises detail his view of the correct form of practice for the

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is the biggest representative, although it also includes some Nikkō temples. In this lineage the whole of the Lotus Sutra, both the so-called theoretical (

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A response to questions from Soka Gakkai practitioners regarding the similarities and differences among Nichiren Shu, Nichiren Shoshu and the Soka Gakkai

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Metraux, Daniel (1996). "The Soka Gakkai: Buddhism and the Creation of a Harmonious and Peaceful Society". In King, Sallie; Queen, Christopher (eds.).

3188:, an early example of lay-based religious movements of the modern period inspired by Nichiren, was founded several years before the Meiji Restoration. 1712:

The arrival of these new schools was a response to the social and political upheaval in Japan during this time as power passed from the nobility to a

7817:"A Survey of Education in Hawaii". Vol. 1920, no. 16. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior: Bureau of Education. 1920. p. 111. 7734:. Henrik Hjort Sorensen, Ole Bruun, Arne Kalland, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. pp. 50, 53. 3317:

have built peace pagodas, conducted parades beating the drum while chanting the daimoku, and encouraged themselves and others to create world peace.

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worship was incorporated into Buddhist practice. For example, Tendai, Shingon, Jodō, and Nichiren temples often had chapels within them dedicated to

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Richard K. Payne, Re-Visioning Kamakura Buddhism (Studies in East Asian Buddhism) (Studies in East Asian Buddhism, 11), University of Hawaii Press,

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1876: The Fuju-fuse-ha was recognized by the government after years of clandestine operation following episodes of persecution. In 1882 a second

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perspective that advocated the equal treatment of all sections of the Lotus Sutra. However, it also included five schools that maintained the

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Nichiren's teachings encompass a significant number of concepts. Briefly, the basic practice of Nichiren Buddhism is chanting the invocation

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weakened largely due to financial and political stresses resulting from defending the country from the Mongols. It was replaced by the

9939: 6157: 3897: 9674: 6002: 4017: 2398:. A deeply embedded and ritualized part of Japanese village life, Nichiren schools clashed over the practice of honoring local gods ( 588: 9696: 6681: 3268:

initiated his group's worldwide propagation efforts stemming from a few hundred transplanted Japanese to over 3500 families by 1962.

2018:

the Thus Come One") who eternally appears and engages in human events in order to save living beings from their state of unhappiness.

6307: 3833: 12367: 6604: 6551: 5886: 4089:

The classification of Buddhism : comprising the classification of Buddhist doctrines in India, China and Japan = Bukkyō-kyōhan

3872: 3224:(学)" as "Faith, Practices, Study", are more recent examples of lay-inspired movements drawing from Nichiren's teachings and life. 3105:(English: Nation's Pillar Society). Tanaka was charismatic and through his writings and lecturers attracted many followers such as 3047:

Socialist activists and writers during the prewar and postwar eras who promoted a vision of an ideal world society inspired by the

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Nichiren's teachings reached their full maturity between the years 1274 and 1282 while he resided in primitive settings at Mount

1929:

school which had abandoned its Lotus Sutra-exclusiveness and incorporated esoteric doctrines and rituals as well as faith in the

7467: 5630: 5524: 5017: 1728:. The era was marked by an intertwining relationship between Buddhist schools and the state which included clerical corruption. 1675:

The specific task to be pursued by Nichiren's disciples was the widespread propagation of his teachings (the invocation and the

11861: 9841: 4343: 7380: 4662: 9275: 8309: 8141: 7519: 6691: 4530: 4505: 4413: 4294: 4269: 4070: 3804: 931: 703: 6871: 4181: 3754: 2714:, only being outnumbered by Zen temples. The demographic base of support in Kyoto were members of the merchant class (Jpn. 10024: 9866: 8635: 3131: 1503:

schools. Its teachings derive from some 300–400 extant letters and treatises either authored by or attributed to Nichiren.

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See, Tony (2014). "Deleuze and Mahayana Buddhism: Immanence and Original Enlightenment Thought". In Hanping., Chiu (ed.).

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Anti-Buddhist sentiment had been building throughout the latter part of the Tokugawa period (1603–1868). Scholars such as

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in meditative practice, insisting on the need for propagation, and participating in remonstrations with the authorities.

5812: 12098: 11648: 9743: 9053: 8897: 8565: 6473: 6426: 6221: 5708: 5217: 4573: 4232: 3778: 6246: 968: 9944: 9179: 9166: 9161:(日蓮正宗史の基礎的研究; "A study of fundaments of Nichiren Shoshu history"). (Rev.) Yamaguchi Handō. Sankibo Bussho-rin, 1993. 9040: 9027: 9000: 8989: 8971: 8958: 8923: 8857: 8843: 8829: 8815: 8801: 8787: 8773: 8759: 8692: 8647: 8610: 8247: 8202: 8153: 8102: 8069: 8024: 7989: 7961: 7924: 7865: 7779: 7739: 7650: 7615: 7428: 7264: 7198: 7169: 7132: 7074: 6997: 6904: 6857: 6813: 6724: 6639: 6612: 6520: 6416: 6365: 6317: 6256: 6188: 6119: 6055: 6014: 5972: 5927: 5741: 5485: 5412: 5362: 5308: 5283: 5250: 5116: 5079: 5027: 4965: 4830: 4793: 4734: 4696: 4605: 4385: 4191: 4141: 4097: 4029: 3942: 12191: 8422: 8373: 7186: 11876: 11621: 7370:

Tanaka Chigaku: What is Nippon Kokutai? Introduction to Nipponese National Principles. Shishio Bunka, Tokyo 1935–36

7306: 7027:"Zen Books Reviewed: Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution by James Edward Ketelaar" 5664: 5570: 5449: 4468: 4318: 2725:

In the 15th century, the political and social order began to collapse and Hokkeshū followers armed themselves. The

2619:

government. Furthermore, Nikkō alleged that the other disciples disregarded some of Nichiren's writings written in

2008:) that votaries would be persecuted by ignorant lay people, influential priests, and their friends in high places. 1900:

school because of its exclusive reliance on Amida Buddha for salvation which resulted in "other-dependence." (Jpn.

1852:. Throughout his career Nichiren carried his personal copy of the Lotus Sutra which he continually annotated. The 1287: 514: 7727: 7098: 5245:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 5585–5590 (Kindle locations). 2434:

who were entrusted in Chapter Twenty-Two to propagate the Lotus Sūtra. The Nikkō group identified Nichiren as the

1544:

After his death, Nichiren left to both his senior disciples and lay followers the mandate to widely propagate the

747: 12268: 12258: 10087: 9603: 9043: 7774:. Lee, Jonathan H. X.,, Matsuoka, Fumitaka,, Yee, Edmond, 1938–, Nakasone, Ronald Y. Santa Barbara. p. 682. 6985: 6683:

The Ideas of the Lotus Sutra, In: George Joji Tanabe; Willa Jane Tanabe, eds. The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture

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perspective which emphasized the latter half of the Lotus Sutra: Myōmanji, Happon, Honjōji, Honryūji, and Fuji-ha

2359: 2179:

they are. His voice is sensitive and kind which differs from the strident picture painted about him by critics.

1431: 546: 183: 8511:

The international expansion of a modern Buddhist movement : the Soka Gakkai in Southeast Asia and Australia

2982:

temple of Shizuoka broke off from the Honmonshū and became Nichirenshū Fuji-ha. In 1913, this group was renamed

2028: 851: 12213: 11866: 11668: 11559: 11504: 10077: 9598: 9497: 9331: 8938: 6580: 4818: 2898:(1830–1888) forged an alliance of several Nichiren branches and became the first superintendent of the present 2772:) offerings from non-believers. Suppressed, adherents often held their meetings clandestinely which led to the 2690:

In the early 14th century Hokkeshū followers spread the teachings westward and established congregations (Jpn.

409: 6708: 5917: 12183: 11881: 11564: 9856: 9689: 9248: 8884: 7728:"Japanese Missionaries and Their Impact on the Revival of Korean Buddhism at the Close of the Choson Dynasty" 4955: 4691:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 4727 (Kindle locations). 527: 8882:

Website for English-language translations of works essential to the study of Nichiren Buddhism (Soka Gakkai)

8374:"Globalization and the Pursuit of a Shared Understanding of the Absolute: The Case of Soka Gakkai in Brazil" 876: 663: 11766: 11638: 11609: 11311: 9198:(教学解説用語集; "Glossary of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist terms"). (Rev.) Kyōdō Enoki, comp. Watō Henshūshitsu, 2006. 5559:"The Atsuhara Affair: The Lotus Sutra, Persecution, and Religious Identity in the Early Nichiren Tradition" 3480: 3458: 3439: 3426: 3348:

In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Knowledge).

9071:

Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect: With the Life of Nichiren, the Founder of the Nichiren Sect

7732:

Asian perceptions of nature : papers presented at a workshop, NIAS, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 1991

3578:

In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Knowledge):

3126:

militarism and were subjected to political harassment and persecution. A leading figure in this group was

3040:

The ultranationalistic preoccupation with Nichiren that contributed to Japan's militaristic effort before

1904:) In addition to his critique of Pure Land Buddhism, he later expanded his polemics to criticisms of the 1865: 1634: 982: 459: 11457: 11366: 10836: 10481: 9994: 9889: 9449: 9434: 9124:

Japanese Civilization, its Significance and Realization: Nichirenism and the Japanese National Principles

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Nichiren Buddhism has had a major impact on Japan's literary and cultural life. Japanese literary figure

2199: 2131:

unfolding of the Buddhist Dharma. The vague "single good of the true vehicle" which he advocated in the

1709: 961: 908: 797: 11001: 7236:

Yoshinaga, Shin'ichi (July 2009). "Theosophy and Buddhist Reformers in the Middle of the Meiji Period".

7026: 5838: 5798:

Sueki Fumehiko: Nichirens Problematic Works, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 26/3-4, 261–280, 1999

3085:. The nationalistic interpretation of Nichiren's teachings were inspired by lay Buddhist movements like 2243:

Several denominations comprise the umbrella term "Nichiren Buddhism" which was known at the time as the

1921:, which he had deemed as a far more significant matter of concern. Adding to his criticisms of esoteric 12357: 12306: 11786: 11262: 10748: 9871: 9704: 9317: 8933:

Causton, Richard, "Buddha in Daily Life, An Introduction to the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin", 1995.

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lineage, adamantly bucked this policy based on their readings of Nichiren's teachings to neither take (

2317:

region of Japan and these groups, after Nichiren's death, ultimately morphed into lineages of schools.

2224: 1918: 539: 404: 11196: 9549: 9209: 2551:

Nichiren's 100th Day Memorial ceremony (23 January 1283) when the rotation system as agreed upon the "

1332: 12196: 12009: 11999: 11871: 10854: 10434: 10195: 10170: 9268: 8195:

Encountering the Dharma : Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the globalization of Buddhist humanism

3674: 3293: 2431: 2065: 1669: 1613: 1605: 1593: 1097: 414: 10220: 9155:(新版　仏教哲学大辞典: "Grand dictionary of Buddhist philosophy, rev. ed."). Seikyo Shimbunsha, 1985. No ISBN. 8685:

Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism and the Soka Gakkai in America : the ethos of a new religious movement

8190: 7853: 7835: 6719:. Kornicki, Peter F. (Peter Francis), McMullen, James, 1939–. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5357:. Granoff, P. E. (Phyllis Emily), 1947–, Shinohara, Koichi, 1941–. Leiden: Brill. pp. 128–130. 3582: 648: 12301: 11653: 11467: 11445: 11438: 11341: 10874: 10494: 10310: 10255: 9876: 9682: 7917:

The Goddess and the Dragon : a Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

7692: 6954: 6418:

The Goddess and the Dragon : a Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

3835:

Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect, Submitted to the Parliament of the World's Religions

3185: 3094: 2722:) of the Lotus Sutra, staked out in chapters 10–22, which emphasize practice in the mundane world. 1885: 1725: 1582: 7257:

Practical pursuits : religion, politics, and personal cultivation in nineteenth-century Japan

3670: 3015:(廃仏毀釈), when the government attempted to eradicate mainstream Japanese Buddhism. As a part of the 2894:

priests were forced to promote key teachings of Shinto and provide support for national policies.

2195: 638: 12238: 12218: 11549: 11529: 11286: 11016: 10260: 9005: 6575:

Montgomery, Daniel (1991). Fire in the Lotus, The Dynamic Religion of Nichiren, London: Mandala,

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lay organization. Although the latter has a sizeable membership and it is one of the important

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and continued decades after the 1867–1868 demise of the shogunate and launch of imperial rule.

2706:. During this time there is documentation of face-to-face public debates between Hokkeshū and 2508:

lineage today comprises most of the traditional schools within Nichiren Buddhism, of which the

2348: 2163: 1609: 1586: 178: 10578: 9104: 8720: 7608:

Old wisdom in the New World : Americanization in two immigrant Theravada Buddhist temples

6596: 5699:

Foundation of Japanese Buddhism. Vol. II, The mass movement (Kamakura & Muromachi periods)

4377: 3162:, his lay organization composed of primarily secretaries and teachers until it grew to become 1668:

in the Lotus Sutra, the nation will know peace and security. He considered his disciples the "

1257: 883: 12253: 12223: 11804: 11736: 11569: 11484: 11479: 11403: 11398: 11316: 9846: 9311: 6149: 6103: 5780:

Some disputed writings in the Nichiren corpus: Textual, hermeneutical and historical problems

4183:

The Goddess and the Dragon: A Study on Identity Strength and Psychosocial Resilience in Japan

3647: 3620: 3271:

Nichiren Buddhism is now practiced in many countries outside of Japan. In the United States,

3147: 2643:

in Omosu district. He spent most of his life at the latter, where he trained his followers.

2631:

Sanenaga sided with Nikō and Nikkō departed in 1289 from Minobu. He returned to his home in

2420:) claimed that the latter half was superior to the former half. (See below for more details.) 2376:

or lineage. He founded a center at the foot of Mount Fuji which would later be known as the

2355: 2038: 1653: 1578: 1412: 1197: 947: 898: 399: 10869: 8478:

Chanting in the Hillsides : the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin in Wales and the Borders

2682:

trace their origins to the Nichiren Shōshū school and they all eventually branched from it.

1247: 12276: 12243: 12228: 11746: 11643: 11589: 11474: 11413: 11381: 11376: 11361: 11346: 11336: 11301: 11214: 10906: 10829: 10132: 10072: 9821: 9788: 9738: 9583: 9444: 9439: 9261: 6592: 6050:. Neusner, Jacob, 1932–2016. (3rd ed.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. 5852: 5475: 3510: 3070: 2983: 2381: 2275: 2089: 1621: 1558: 1417: 1407: 1402: 1059: 673: 449: 429: 12116: 10731: 10600: 10526: 10402: 10140: 9519: 9429: 7381:"Brian Daizen Victoria, Senior Lecturer Centre for Asian Studies, University of Adelaide, 2611:. Nikkō admonished other disciple priests for signing their names "Tendai Shamon" (of the 1913: 118: 8: 12083: 11962: 11796: 11771: 11761: 11721: 11698: 11581: 11554: 11514: 11433: 11423: 11351: 11278: 10709: 10566: 10347: 10325: 10277: 10097: 9897: 9753: 9733: 9593: 6808:. Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse,, Walter, Mariko Namba. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 4497: 4491: 3655: 2971: 2116: 1971: 1660: 1530: 1377: 867: 858: 643: 10057: 9984: 9578: 9514: 9220: 8871:. Burton Watson et al., trans.; Philip B. Yampolsky, ed. Columbia University Press, 1996 8865:. Burton Watson et al., trans.; Philip B. Yampolsky, ed. Columbia University Press, 1990 6547: 4376:. Translated by Burton Watson; et al. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 3865: 2056:

proved to be another key turning point in Nichiren's life. Here he began inscribing the

792: 683: 321: 12146: 12051: 11893: 11856: 11851: 11781: 11731: 11678: 11673: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11524: 11509: 11494: 11489: 11428: 11408: 11371: 11296: 11101: 10802: 10726: 10604: 10546: 10387: 10287: 10215: 10190: 9836: 9766: 9459: 8536: 8456: 8352: 8265: 8148:. Gallagher, Eugene V., Ashcraft, W. Michael, 1955–. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 8120: 7895: 7797: 7573: 7446: 7353: 7345: 7282: 7216: 6934: 6491: 6395: 6286: 5759: 5697: 5592: 5326: 4931: 4764: 3611: 3565: 3546: 3495: 3376: 3337: 3333: 2757: 2732: 2592: 2576: 2228: 2220: 2216: 1975: 1950: 1897: 1791: 1397: 1362: 1024: 954: 11945: 7642:

Race and religion in American Buddhism : white supremacy and immigrant adaptation

7191:

Religious dynamics under the impact of imperialism and colonialism : a sourcebook

6769:"Rebuking the Enemies of the Lotus: Nichirenist Exclusivism in Historical Perspective" 5622: 5516: 3233: 2703: 2323:, Nichirō, and Nisshō were the core of the Minobu (also known as the Nikō or Kuon-ji) 356: 336: 44: 12324: 12286: 11982: 11967: 11930: 11915: 11688: 11604: 11519: 11356: 11321: 11306: 11033: 11023: 10704: 10551: 10536: 10330: 10250: 10185: 10117: 10004: 9761: 9175: 9162: 9049: 9036: 9023: 8996: 8985: 8967: 8954: 8934: 8919: 8893: 8853: 8839: 8825: 8811: 8797: 8783: 8769: 8755: 8698: 8688: 8653: 8643: 8616: 8606: 8571: 8561: 8524: 8514: 8491: 8481: 8430: 8391: 8381: 8340: 8330: 8305: 8253: 8243: 8208: 8198: 8159: 8149: 8108: 8098: 8075: 8065: 8030: 8020: 7995: 7985: 7957: 7930: 7920: 7871: 7861: 7785: 7775: 7745: 7735: 7656: 7646: 7621: 7611: 7577: 7515: 7434: 7424: 7357: 7270: 7260: 7204: 7194: 7165: 7138: 7128: 7080: 7070: 6993: 6910: 6900: 6863: 6853: 6819: 6809: 6730: 6720: 6687: 6645: 6635: 6608: 6576: 6526: 6516: 6479: 6469: 6432: 6422: 6371: 6361: 6323: 6313: 6262: 6252: 6227: 6217: 6194: 6184: 6115: 6061: 6051: 6020: 6010: 5978: 5968: 5933: 5923: 5747: 5737: 5714: 5704: 5491: 5481: 5408: 5368: 5358: 5314: 5304: 5279: 5256: 5246: 5223: 5213: 5206: 5122: 5112: 5075: 5033: 5023: 4971: 4961: 4935: 4836: 4826: 4825:. Hall, John Whitney, 1916–1997., 山村, 耕造. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 4799: 4789: 4740: 4730: 4702: 4692: 4611: 4601: 4589: 4569: 4526: 4501: 4409: 4381: 4370: 4290: 4265: 4260:

Hammond, Phillip (2000). "Foreword". In Macacheck, David W; Wilson, Bryan R. (eds.).

4228: 4187: 4147: 4137: 4093: 4066: 4025: 3938: 3891: 3800: 3774: 3272: 3016: 2859: 2832: 2821: 2773: 2651: 2640: 2624: 2608: 2572: 2455: 2340: 2111:

Although Nichiren was situated in Minobu, far from the scene of the persecution, the

2085: 1963: 1809: 1665: 1474: 1462: 1387: 1372: 1367: 1350: 940: 890: 570: 143: 83: 75: 11268: 10062: 9962: 9544: 9409: 9149:(日蓮正宗要義; "The essential tenets of Nichiren Shoshu"). Taiseki-ji, 1978, rev. ed. 1999 5022:. Teiser, Stephen F., Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse. New York: Columbia University Press. 4340: 4221:"Canon formation in new religious movements: The case of the Japanese new religions" 4049:

becoming priests and having to dedicate themselves exclusively to spiritual matters.

3252:

listed Nichiren as one of five historical figures who best represented Japan, while

3249: 3127: 2852: 2416:) argued that all chapters of the sūtra should be equally valued and others (called 2365: 767: 376: 201: 11972: 11925: 11920: 11776: 11741: 11716: 11711: 11462: 11418: 11331: 11006: 10662: 10655: 10439: 10429: 10315: 9979: 9851: 9244: 7563: 7388: 7337: 5111:. Lee, Yu-lin., Bogue, Ronald. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 4923: 4651: 4593: 4136:. Granoff, P. E. (Phyllis Emily, 1947–), Shinohara, Koichi (1941–). Leiden: Brill. 3636: 3301: 3241: 3012: 2878: 2808:(1868–1912) periods in nineteenth-century Japan. The changeover from early modern ( 2792:) as their main activity. Stagnation was often the price for the protected status. 2190:

is a matter of debate within the various schools of today's Nichiren Buddhism. His

1565:

schools. In addition, modern lay organizations not affiliated with temples such as

1382: 1355: 1222: 1039: 1019: 843: 807: 509: 341: 326: 34: 11051: 8095:

Religion and American cultures : tradition, diversity, and popular expression

7328:

Kodera, Takashi James (March 1979). "Nichiren and His Nationalistic Eschatology".

5145:"Nenbutsu Leads to the Avici Hell: Nichiren's Critique of the Pure Land Teachings" 3651: 2391:

Fault lines between the various Nichiren groups crystallized over several issues:

2092:. During this time he devoted himself to training disciples, produced most of the 1766:

It is clear that from an early point in his studies Nichiren came to focus on the

1087: 12336: 12281: 12233: 12161: 12031: 11829: 11809: 11751: 11663: 11326: 11224: 11071: 10807: 10790: 10775: 10753: 10305: 10175: 10009: 9989: 9507: 9232: 9131: 9122: 8380:. Learman, Linda, 1950–. Honolulu: University of Hawaiì Press. pp. 123–139. 8064:. Queen, Christopher S. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. pp. 184, 190, 203. 7949: 7062: 6845: 6214:

From salvation to spirituality : popular religious movements in modern Japan

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which introduced Nichiren to the West. Non-Buddhist Japanese individuals such as

3209: 3193: 3155: 3090: 2872: 2863: 2632: 2471: 2388:

is the largest independent lay organization that shares roots with this lineage.

2001: 1500: 1493: 1327: 1262: 1102: 820: 802: 787: 678: 658: 504: 53: 11081: 10235: 10225: 9368: 9343: 9095: 8642:. McDannell, Colleen. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 112. 8556:

Ionescu, Sandra (2013). "Adapt or Perish: The Story of Soka Gakkai in Germany".

5212:. Translated by Burton Watson; et al. New York: Columbia University Press. 4914:

Heine, Steven (January 2005). "Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History (review)".

3114: 2916: 2899: 2710:

adherents. By the end of the century Hokkeshū temples had been founded all over

2509: 2344: 2320: 2314: 2290: 2271: 1562: 1122: 311: 256: 12291: 11994: 11844: 11626: 11206: 11186: 11106: 10795: 10785: 10719: 10556: 10042: 9905: 9628: 9613: 9388: 9373: 9008:

The Soka Gakkai International: Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement

8327:

The lotus and the maple leaf : the Soka Gakkai Buddhist movement in Canada

6841: 3615: 3237: 3106: 3098: 2699: 2589: 2585: 2492:

The cleavage between Nichiren groups has also been classified by the so-called

2427: 2112: 2061: 1831: 1771: 1721: 1392: 1307: 1064: 828: 727: 628: 361: 7341: 7123:

Covell, Stephen G (2006). "8: Buddhism in Japan, The creation of traditions".

7069:. Marius B. Jansen and Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 6852:. Marius B. Jansen and Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4537:

Basically, the Hommon No Kaidan is any place where a believer keeps the sutra.

2844: 2671: 1724:. A prevailing pessimism existed associated with the perceived arrival of the 351: 306: 236: 49: 12351: 12061: 11910: 11219: 11121: 10979: 10780: 10758: 10694: 10365: 10160: 10155: 10047: 9716: 9588: 9473: 9454: 9378: 9363: 9059: 9019: 8620: 8575: 8495: 8212: 8163: 8112: 8079: 7999: 7934: 7875: 7789: 7660: 7568: 7551: 7438: 7274: 7208: 7187:"Shimaji Mokurai: Petition in Criticism of the Three Articles of Instruction" 7084: 6914: 6867: 6837: 6823: 6530: 6483: 6436: 6375: 6266: 5982: 5937: 5808: 5789:, dissertation, Los Angeles: University of California; retrieved 26 July 2013 5751: 5718: 5372: 5318: 5260: 5126: 5037: 4744: 4706: 4615: 4151: 3678: 3332:

The following lists are based on English-language Knowledge articles and the

3289: 3265: 2053: 1996:(1261–1263), convinced Nichiren that he was "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra ( 1993: 1967: 1798: 1717: 1518:

in the current life. There are three essential aspects to Nichiren Buddhism:

1511: 1292: 1277: 1217: 1049: 1009: 752: 693: 633: 618: 424: 301: 148: 138: 10519: 10509: 9881: 9174:(岩波　日本史辞典: "Iwanami dictionary of Japanese history"). Iwanami Shoten, 1999. 9069: 8702: 8657: 8528: 8395: 8344: 8257: 8097:. Gary Laderman, Luis D. León (Second ed.). Santa Barbara, California. 8034: 7749: 7625: 7142: 6804:

Walter, Mariko Namba (2008). "The structure of Japanese Buddhist funerals".

6734: 6649: 6327: 6231: 6198: 6065: 6024: 5495: 5227: 4975: 4840: 4803: 4788:. Tanabe, George J., Jr., 1943–. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 3660: 3608: 3343: 3102: 3086: 2675: 2152: 1557:

Traditionalist Nichiren Buddhist temple groups are commonly associated with

12151: 12136: 12106: 12056: 12046: 11888: 11683: 11176: 11011: 10889: 10677: 10672: 10499: 10370: 10245: 9706: 9556: 5593:"Atsuhara Persecution – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 3755:

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism

3536: 3466: 3197: 3167: 3082: 3078: 3041: 3020: 3008: 2955: 2904: 2805: 2785: 2476: 2279: 1775: 1617: 1612:. Nichiren Buddhism is practiced in many countries. The largest groups are 1317: 1302: 1142: 499: 479: 371: 38: 30: 10934: 10919: 10879: 10576: 10240: 9816: 5442:"Criticism and Appropriation Nichiren's Attitude toward Esoteric Buddhism" 4927: 3588: 3256:

described Nichiren as one of the four historical figures he most admired.

2679: 1947:

Establishment of the Legitimate Teaching for the Protection of the Country

1788:

Establishment of the Legitimate Teaching for the Protection of the Country

1132: 928: 896: 864: 841: 469: 12121: 11950: 11091: 11076: 10859: 10667: 10595: 10375: 10205: 10107: 9954: 9826: 9358: 9324: 9284: 8191:"peace+culture+and+education"&pg=PA68 "Soka Gakkai International-USA" 6136: 5656: 5558: 5517:"ten major writings – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 5441: 4460: 3666: 3284: 3205: 3163: 3074: 3064: 3048: 3033: 2987: 2481: 2385: 2124: 1930: 1849: 1802: 1767: 1600: 1566: 1507: 1177: 1152: 1137: 834: 777: 720: 603: 394: 366: 206: 98: 12111: 10571: 7349: 7302: 6105:

The literature of travel in the Japanese rediscovery of China, 1862–1945

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was an uprising in 1532 of Hokke followers against the followers of the

2351: 1934: 732: 173: 168: 21: 12066: 12024: 11900: 11706: 11631: 11245: 11229: 11191: 11171: 11066: 11041: 10949: 10884: 10864: 10610: 10541: 10412: 10295: 10265: 10200: 10150: 9808: 9798: 9771: 9488: 9466: 3514: 2836: 2801: 2781: 2753: 2727: 2667: 2636: 2604: 2435: 2403: 2187: 1826: 1733: 1574: 1515: 1297: 1207: 1192: 1117: 1112: 989: 737: 716: 613: 608: 444: 226: 11086: 10082: 9618: 6150:"Nichiren school – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 5152:

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Lotus Sutra

3602: 3054:

Organized religious bodies that were inspired by Nichiren's teachings.

2313:(日持). Each had led communities of followers in different parts of the 2298: 2262:

The movement was supported financially by local warlords or stewards (

1941:

directly reform society as a whole by submitting a treatise entitled "

1127: 668: 12041: 12014: 11181: 11056: 10768: 10684: 10561: 10451: 10424: 10417: 10380: 10337: 10300: 10067: 10032: 9999: 9974: 9929: 9573: 9568: 9493: 9478: 9424: 7982:

Global institutions of religion : ancient movers, modern shakers

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as an object of worship, providing funding for the construction of a

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the majority of Hokkeshū temples were subsumed into the shogunate's

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An introduction to Buddhism : teachings, history and practices

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Shinto worship. Within Nichiren Buddhism there was a phenomenon of

2800:

Nichiren Buddhism was deeply influenced by the transition from the

2620: 2616: 2139:

or title which he described as the heart of the "origin teaching" (

1955: 1822: 1757: 1640: 1523: 1496: 1489: 1486: 1242: 1167: 1092: 1044: 994: 782: 578: 474: 286: 26: 11156: 11146: 11131: 10954: 10824: 10092: 9623: 9239: 9091:, vol. 44. Calcutta, The Maha=Bodhi Society. pp. 317–322; 375–391. 8060:

Chappell, David W. (2000). "Racial Diversity in the Soka Gakkai".

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Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a Combinatory Paradigm

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Both Nichiren and his followers have been associated with fervent

2527:

lineage comprises most temples and lay groups following the Nikkō

2372:

in 1289 and became the founder of what was to be called the Nikkō

1272: 1237: 1227: 1187: 464: 271: 241: 221: 211: 163: 12076: 12019: 12004: 11151: 11141: 11116: 10991: 10986: 10944: 10914: 10846: 10812: 10699: 10640: 10635: 10489: 10392: 10230: 10180: 9967: 9793: 9649: 9413: 7303:"Revisiting Nichiren; Ruben L. F. Habito and Jacqueline I. Stone" 5303:. Keown, Damien, 1951–, Prebish, Charles S. London. p. 548. 5241:

Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). "Bodily Reading of the Lotus Sutra".

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Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). "Bodily Reading of the Lotus Sutra".

3838:. Tokyo, Japan: Central Office of the Nichiren Sect. p. vi. 3540: 2967:

Honryūji-ha became Honmyō Hokkeshū, also based in Honryūji, Kyoto

2924: 2500:(a contraction of two words meaning superior/inferior) lineages. 2445: 2369: 2336: 2310: 1922: 1909: 1737: 1550: 1232: 1162: 1157: 1054: 999: 698: 653: 419: 251: 133: 10763: 10531: 8197:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. p. 68. 5703:. Matsunaga, Daigan. Los Angeles: Buddhist Books International. 3919: 2824:, the transition was full of twists and turns that began in the 2302: 1656:, as well as the life state of Buddhahood inherent in all life. 1506:

Nichiren Buddhism generally sources its basic doctrine from the

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Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America

7497: 5809:"Listing of Authenticated Gosho (Goibun) of Nichiren DaiShonin" 4127:"The Sin of "Slandering the True Dharma" in Nichiren's Thought" 3573: 3151: 2795: 2707: 2612: 2560: 2463: 2459: 2060:

and wrote several major theses in which he claimed that he was

1926: 1873: 1853: 1701: 1267: 1202: 1172: 1107: 1004: 489: 439: 434: 346: 316: 128: 108: 9253: 8302:

The Buddha within ourselves : blossoms of the Lotus Sutra

6251:. Ruppert, Brian Douglas, 1962–. Chichester, West Sussex, UK. 2998:), it is not included in many treatments of Nichiren lineages. 2685: 1782:

An early period extending up to Nichiren's submission of the "

12296: 12131: 11989: 11955: 11935: 11905: 11834: 11251: 11096: 10974: 10969: 10939: 10894: 10741: 10736: 10615: 10320: 10145: 10112: 10102: 9383: 9192:(日蓮正宗入門; "Introduction to Nichiren Shoshu"). Taiseki-ji, 2002 5348:"The sin of slandering the true Dharma in Nichiren's thought" 2711: 2695: 2580: 2024: 1745: 1312: 1212: 1147: 623: 454: 331: 291: 281: 276: 261: 113: 103: 8605:. Clarke, Peter B. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 23. 5623:"Gosho – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library" 3173: 2567:

Nikkō accused Sanenaga of unorthodox practices deemed to be

1816: 12166: 10959: 10625: 10122: 7539:. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press. p. 51. 3599:, founded in 1942 and expelled from Nichiren Shoshu in 1974 3327: 2840: 2399: 1744:

assortment of esoteric rituals and Pure Land practices as "

296: 9060:

English-language works, late 19th and early 20th centuries

8240:

Soka Gakkai in America : accommodation and conversion

7125:

Buddhism in world cultures : comparative perspectives

5922:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3585:, founded in 1950 by Kaichi Sekiguchi and Tomino Sekiguchi 3288:

repeated missionary trips beginning in the early 1960s by

2961:

Happon-ha became Honmon Hokkeshū based in Honjōji, Niigata

11824: 10360: 8300:

Macioti, Maria Immacolata; Capozzi (tr), Richard (2002).

8289:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. pp. 243–4. 7954:

Global Religious Movements Across Borders: Sacred Service

7847: 7845: 7610:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. p. 144. 7423:. Kawanami, Hiroko. Basingstoke, Hampshire. p. 223. 5355:

Sins and sinners : perspectives from Asian religions

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Stone, Jacqueline I. (1999). "Priest Nisshin's Ordeals".

4134:

Sins and Sinners : Perspectives from Asian Religions

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Clerical Nichiren Buddhist schools and their head temples

3244:, was encouraged to study Nichiren which led to the work 3002: 2595:. Nikkō regarded the latter as a violation of Nichiren's 1905: 1825:

examined Buddhist texts and commentaries at Mount Hiei's

1014: 52:, which is highly revered in Nichiren Buddhism. From the 8892:, Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer, trans., Verlag Herder, 2014, 8146:

Introduction to new and alternative religions in America

7127:. Berkwitz, Stephen C., 1969–. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 2607:

practices of some of the disciples to worship images of

2186:(orally transmitted teachings), are deemed authentic or 1554:

in order to secure the peace and prosperity of society.

9236: 7950:"Soka Gakkai International: Nichiren Japanese Buddhism" 7854:"Buddhism, Shinto and Japanese New Religions in Brazil" 7403:

Neue religiöse Bewegungen in Japan heute: ein Überblick

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The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective

4406:

Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements In Asia

4065:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 2. 3928: 3915:. Portland, Oregon: Sussex Academic Press. p. 141. 2666:, eventually became part of Nichiren Shu in the 1950s. 8744: 7842: 6713:

policy towards religions in seventeenth century Japan"

6462:

Buswell, Robert E. Jr; Lopez, Donald S., eds. (2013).

6421:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 5675:– via Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. 5276:

A Forum for Peace: Daisaku Ikeda's Proposals to the UN

4568:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 1–2. 3929:

Ellwood, Robert S.; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark A. (2003).

3240:

praised Nichiren's teachings. A prominent researcher,

3097:. Among the key proponents of this interpretation are 3089:

and resulted in violent historical events such as the

2100:

two exiles, thereby "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra" (

1808:

A final period (1274–1282) in which Nichiren lived in

1510:

claiming that all sentient beings possess an internal

8284: 6179:

Daschke, Dereck.; Ashcraft, W. Michael, eds. (2005).

4600:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 3–4. 3931:"Chapter 12: East Asian Religions in Today's America" 3799:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 98–105. 3764:, Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999 3036:" applies broadly to the following three categories: 2555:" (English: Record document of founder's demise) and 2205: 1751: 1648:

entails both chanting and having the mind of faith. (

9074:, edited by the Central Office of the Nichiren Sect. 9016:

Fire In The Lotus – The Dynamic Buddhism of Nichiren

8016:

The African American religious experience in America

5203: 4496:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 2266:) who often founded tightly organized clan temples ( 2238: 1880:) and "attaining Buddhahood in one's present form" ( 1876:

theoretical constructs of "original enlightenment" (

1537:

The study of Nichiren's scriptural writings, called

1492:

based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese

8475: 8299: 6717:

Religion in Japan : arrows to heaven and earth

6631:

Jōdo Shinshū : Shin Buddhism in medieval Japan

4060: 3614:(also 國柱会), a nationalist group founded in 1914 by 3007:Nichiren Buddhism went through many reforms in the 2964:

Honjōji-ha became Hokkeshū based in Honryūji, Kyoto

2454:. All schools of Buddhism speak of the concept of 8982:Lotus Seeds – The Essence of Nichiren Shu Buddhism 8717:""Kenshokai" has no relation to "Nichiren Shoshu"" 8480:. Fowler, Merv. Brighton : Sussex Academic Press. 7417:"Opium Eaters: Buddhism as Revolutionary Politics" 5696: 5469: 5467: 5205: 5204:Yampolsky, Philip B., ed. (1990). "Introduction". 4525:. London: Mand ala (Harper Collins). p. 133. 4369: 4223:. In Debeek, A. Van; Van der Toorn, Karel (eds.). 3605:, lay organization affiliated with Nichiren Shōshū 2588:Shinto shrine which was an honorary shrine of the 2426:. Some of his later disciples identified him with 2135:now took final form as chanting the Lotus Sutra's 2029:"three thousand realms in a single thought-moment" 1925:, Nichiren wrote detailed condemnations about the 1801:, 1261) and his release from his second exile (to 1797:A middle period bookmarked by his first exile (to 9326:Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma 8852:, Doctrine 6, University of Hawai'i Press, 2010, 8838:, Doctrine 5, University of Hawai'i Press, 2008, 8824:, Doctrine 4, University of Hawai'i Press, 2007, 8810:, Doctrine 3, University of Hawai'i Press, 2004, 8796:, Doctrine 2, University of Hawai'i Press, 2002, 8782:, Doctrine 1, University of Hawai'i Press, 2003, 8378:Buddhist missionaries in the era of globalization 7067:Japan in Transition : From Tokugawa to Meiji 6850:Japan in Transition : From Tokugawa to Meiji 6627: 6571: 6569: 6211: 6048:World religions in America : an introduction 5967:(Second ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. 5477:Nichiren: leader of Buddhist reformation in Japan 4652:"The Uses of Nichiren in Modern Japanese History" 2444:. The Nisshō group began to identify itself as a 2023:One contains all. Nichiren further developed the 1774:. As his life unfolded he engaged in a "circular 1608:, a mortal saint, or an "Original Buddha" of the 12349: 8974:; CD-ROM version, 1999. (Referred to in text as 8636:"Buddhist Chanting in Soka Gakkai International" 8560:. Clarke, Peter B. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. 8019:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 52. 7975: 7973: 5965:Historical dictionary of new religious movements 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5199: 5197: 2223:(1336–1573), which in turn was succeeded by the 2210: 8285:Wilson and Dobbelaere, Bryan and Karel (1994). 7056: 7054: 7052: 6585: 6139:publications. Shinomachi, Tokyo. pp. 1365–1368 5996: 5994: 5992: 5464: 5063: 5061: 5059: 4092:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 627. 4086:Petzold, Bruno (1995). Ichimura, Shohei (ed.). 2876:(Separation of Shinto Deities and Buddhas) and 2615:Buddhist school) in documents they sent to the 1992:beheading and two exiles. His first exile, to 8984:. Nichiren Buddhist Temple of San Jose, 2000. 8596: 8594: 8429:. Jerryson, Michael K. New York. p. 306. 8238:E., Hammond, Phillip; Machacek, David (1999). 7761: 7759: 7686: 7684: 7682: 6986:"Hokke Shinto: Kami in the Nichiren tradition" 6686:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 50–51. 6566: 5400: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4645: 9690: 9269: 8944:The Doctrines and Practice of Nichiren Shoshu 8848:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8834:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8806:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8778:Kyotsu Hori (transl.); Sakashita, Jay (ed.): 8766:The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin, Volume II 7970: 7118: 7116: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6181:New religious movements: a documentary reader 5679: 5194: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4960:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4212: 4186:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3051:and according to their own views of Nichiren. 2343:eventually became the head temple of today's 2331:. Nisshō's lineage became the Nisshō or Hama 1896:) led him to harshly criticize Honen and his 1868:, expresses his devotion to the Lotus Sutra. 1700:Nichiren Buddhism originated in 13th-century 1439: 547: 10472:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 8820:Kyotsu Hori (transl.), Jay Sakashita (ed.): 8752:The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin, Volume I 8603:Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective 8558:Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective 8541:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8357:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8329:. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. 8270:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7941: 7858:Handbook of contemporary religions in Brazil 7851: 7693:"Two Buddhisms, Three Buddhisms, and Racism" 7049: 6836: 6806:Death and the afterlife in Japanese Buddhism 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6400:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5989: 5880: 5878: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5278:. New York: I. B. Taurus. pp. 479–486. 5138: 5136: 5056: 4718: 4716: 4368:Nichiren (1990). Yampolsky, Philip B (ed.). 3937:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 225. 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3574:20th-century movements and lay organizations 3227: 2942:sect was recognized, the Fuju-Fuse Kōmon-ha. 2796:19th century: From Tokugawa to Meiji periods 2584:in Fuji, and visiting and worshiping at the 2545: 1892:. Nichiren's emphasis on "self-power" (Jpn. 1856:he expounded on 28 April 1253, known as the 8591: 8513:. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 7756: 7679: 7383:Engaged Buddhism: A Skeleton in the Closet? 6542: 6540: 5650: 5648: 5473: 5243:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra, Kindle Edition 4957:The religious traditions of Japan, 500–1600 4942: 4689:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra, Kindle Edition 4588: 3935:World Religions in America: An Introduction 3058: 2686:15th century through the early 19th century 1740:Lotus Sutra devotion, had come to adopt an 1534:with varying recitations of the Lotus Sutra 9697: 9683: 9276: 9262: 8951:Unlocking the Mysteries of Birth and Death 8640:Religions of the United States in practice 8461:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8237: 8125:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7900:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7802:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7509: 7451:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7287:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7221:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7113: 6939:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6668: 6591: 6496:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6291:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5962: 5835:"Nichiren and His Time: Rissho ankoku ron" 5764:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5404:Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy 5331:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4994: 4859: 4816: 4777: 4769:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4622: 4564:Payne, Richard K. 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"Interpreting the Lotus Sutra". 4461:"Nichiren's View of Nation and Religion" 4452: 4367: 4218: 3825: 3784: 3328:Lists of major schools and organizations 1695: 1685:the three great secret laws (or dharmas) 43: 20: 11659:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 9221:East Asian Religions: Nichiren Buddhism 9136:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 8946:. Nichiren Shoshu Overseas Bureau, 2002 8555: 8304:. Lanham: University Press of America. 7947: 7605: 7590: 7549: 7534: 7414: 7321: 7184: 6248:A cultural history of Japanese Buddhism 6183:. New York: New York University Press. 6041: 5837:. Kyoto National Museum. Archived from 5298: 5100: 4953: 4403: 4311:"Nichiren: Fast Facts and Introduction" 4259: 4085: 4022:Encyclopedia of new religious movements 3986: 2474:claims this specifically refers to the 2182:Which of these writings, including the 12350: 11862:List of Buddhist architecture in China 9159:Nichiren Shōshū-shi no kisoteki kenkyū 9109:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 9100:. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6893:Hardacre, Helen (1 November 2016). 6785:from the original on 15 August 2017 6515:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6160:from the original on 6 January 2018 6133:Shim-pan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Dai-Jiten 6007:The Lotus Sutra in Japanese culture 5863:from the original on 8 October 2015 5480:. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Co. 5106: 4493:Nichiren Shoshu and the Soka Gakkai 4443: 4428: 3623:, founded in 1950 by Miyamoto Mitsu 3292:, its third president. In 1975 the 2215:After Nichiren's death in 1282 the 13: 11649:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 8964:Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia 8739: 7421:Buddhism and the political process 7193:. Bentlage, Björn, 1979–. Leiden. 6309:The Buddhist experience in America 6245:Deal, William E. 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Habito, Ruben: 319–320. 3911:Fowler, Jeaneane and Merv (2009). 2442:Identification with Tiantai school 2289:) disciple to lead his community: 2206:Post-Nichiren development in Japan 1752:Development during Nichiren's life 1748:" to understand the sutra itself. 1627: 1589:are Nichiren-inspired lay groups. 14: 12379: 9202: 9153:Shimpan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Daijiten 8890:Die Schriften Nichiren Daishonins 8764:The Gosho Translation Committee: 8750:The Gosho Translation Committee: 8142:"Soka Gakkai: A Human revolution" 7772:Asian American religious cultures 7024: 6965:from the original on 23 June 2018 6091:Shimpan Bukkyō Tetsugaku Daijiten 6003:"The Lotus Sutra in Modern Japan" 5884: 4876: 4819:"Buddhism in the Kamakura period" 4726:The Lotus Sūtra : a biograph 4548: 2239:Development of the major lineages 1962:In it he cites passages from the 1812:directing his movement from afar. 1716:military dictatorship led by the 12330: 12320: 12319: 11877:Thai temple art and architecture 11622:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 9862:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 9728: 9715: 9705: 9342: 9112:Reischauer, August Karl (1917), 9064:(listed in chronological order) 8914:Bowring, Paul. Kornicki, Peter, 8709: 8676: 8627: 8582: 8549: 8509:Alfred, Metraux, Daniel (2001). 8502: 8469: 8414: 8365: 8325:Alfred, Metraux, Daniel (1996). 8318: 8293: 8278: 8231: 8182: 8133: 8086: 8053: 8006: 7908: 7810: 7719: 7599: 7584: 7543: 7528: 7514:. London: Mandala. p. 210. 7503: 7490: 7478:from the original on 1 June 2019 7459: 7408: 7395: 7373: 7364: 7295: 7255:Sawada, Janine Anderson (2004). 6353:Hughes, Seager, Richard (2012). 5734:Finding peace: an Oriental quest 5667:from the original on 2 June 2018 5573:from the original on 2 June 2018 5474:Christensen, Jack Arden (2001). 5452:from the original on 2 June 2018 4566:Re-visioning "Kamakura" Buddhism 4551:The Faces of Buddhism IN America 4471:from the original on 1 July 2018 4341:Lotus Sutra of the Wonderful Law 3488:Nichiren Honshū: Honzan Yōbō-ji 3259: 2736:destroyed temples and the Hokke 2668:Japanese new religious movements 1726:Age of the Latter Day of the Law 587: 82: 12368:Buddhism in the Kamakura period 9729: 9283: 9097:The Creed of Half of Japan 1912 7726:Sorensen, Henrik Hjort (1992). 7248: 7229: 7178: 7164:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. 7091: 7018: 6977: 6947: 6886: 6830: 6797: 6700: 6621: 6504: 6455: 6408: 6346: 6299: 6238: 6205: 6172: 6142: 6125: 6084: 6035: 5956: 5909: 5845: 5827: 5801: 5792: 5772: 5725: 5615: 5585: 5509: 5433: 5394: 5339: 5292: 5267: 5234: 5173: 4907: 4810: 4680: 4582: 4542: 4514: 4483: 4437: 4422: 4397: 4361: 4352: 4333: 4303: 4289:. Signature Books. p. 17. 4278: 4253: 4225:Canonization and Decanonization 4173: 4118: 4079: 4054: 2694:) into the imperial capital of 2496:(meaning unity or harmony) and 11867:Japanese Buddhist architecture 11669:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 10749:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 9940:Places where the Buddha stayed 9499:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra 9333:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra 9106:Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet 7860:. Schmidt, Bettina E. Leiden. 7691:Hickey, Wakoh Shannon (2010). 7496:Till 28 November 1991, when a 5963:Chryssides, George D. (2012). 4954:Bowring, Richard John (2005). 4823:The Cambridge history of Japan 4786:Religions of Japan in practice 4009: 3990:Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet 3904: 3858: 3795:. In Nicholls, William (ed.). 3767: 3669:, founded in Japan in 1930 by 3246:Nichiren: The Buddhist Prophet 3011:during a time of persecution, 2062:Bodhisattva Superior Practices 1499:(1222–1282) and is one of the 1: 11882:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 9249:Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 9240:Buddhism for Beginners series 8863:Selected Writings of Nichiren 8719:. 4 July 2006. Archived from 7101:. Archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de 6355:"triple+refuge"&pg=PA106 5557:Stone, Jacqueline I. (2014). 5274:Urbain, Olivier, ed. (2014). 5208:Selected writings of Nichiren 5074:. Columbia University Press. 4723:Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2016). 4372:Selected writings of Nichiren 3697: 2986:which was popularized by the 2635:and established two temples: 2211:Development in Medieval Japan 1842: 1835: 1708:(English: "New Buddhism") of 528:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism 57: 11639:Buddhism and the Roman world 11615:Decline of Buddhism in India 11610:History of Buddhism in India 9710: Topics in 9225:Shoryo Tarabini (undated). " 9115:Studies in Japanese Buddhism 9011:, Religion Compass, v. 7#10. 8476:Fowler, Jeaneane D. (2009). 8062:Engaged Buddhism in the west 7980:Marshall, Katherine (2013). 7606:Numrich, Paul David (1999). 7591:Prebish, Charles S. (1999). 7552:"Two Buddhisms Reconsidered" 7550:Prebish, Charles S. (1993). 7535:Prebish, Charles S. (1979). 5778:Stone, Jacqueline I. (1990). 5346:Stone, Jacqueline I (2012). 5071:Religion in Japanese History 5068:Kitagawa, Joseph M. (2010). 5016:Habito, Ruben L. F. (2009). 4219:Cornille, Catherine (1998). 4125:Stone, Jacqueline I (2012). 4061:Machacek and Wilson (2000). 3993:. Harvard University Press. 3363:Fuju-fuse Nichiren Kōmon Shū 3283:Some have characterized the 1687:" found in the Lotus Sutra. 48:An illustrated image of the 7: 10837:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 10577: 9245:Nichiren Chanting Explained 9140: 8850:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8836:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8822:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8808:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8794:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8780:Writings of Nichiren Shonin 8423:"Buddhism in Latin America" 8189:Seager, Richard H. (2006). 8140:Machacek, David W. (2006). 7948:Metraux, Daniel A. (2016). 7510:Montgomery, Daniel (1991). 6042:Ellwood, Robert S. (2003). 5019:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra 4817:Osumi, Kazuyo (1988–1999). 4650:Habito, Ruben L.F. (1994). 4598:Readings of the Lotus Sūtra 4521:Montgomery, Daniel (1991). 3933:. In Neusner, Jacob (ed.). 3685: 3423:Honke Nichiren Shū (Kyōto) 3415:Honke Nichiren Shū (Hyōgo) 3386:法華宗（本門流）大本山光長寺・鷲山寺・本興寺･本能寺 3212:and the Japanese principle 3073:specifically identified as 2949:schools changed their names 2835:was often characterized by 2436:original and eternal Buddha 2200:National Treasures of Japan 1690: 929: 897: 865: 842: 16:Branch of Mahayana Buddhism 10: 12384: 11787:The unanswerable questions 9319:Innumerable Meanings Sūtra 9130:Takakusu, Junjiro (1947), 9103:Anesaki, Masaharu (1916), 8903: 8875:Full disclosure statement: 7697:Journal of Global Buddhism 7156:Gier, Nicholas F. (2016). 6767:Stone, Jacqueline (1994). 6628:Dobbins, James C. (2002). 6212:Shimazono, Susumu (2004). 5695:Matsunaga, Alicia (1988). 5657:"Nichiren's View of Women" 5407:. Routledge. p. 702. 5179:cf. "four dictums" (四箇の格言 5143:Stone, Jacqueline (2013). 4285:Dobbelaere, Karel (1998). 4024:. Routledge. p. 151. 4020:. In Clarke, Peter (ed.). 4016:Shimazono, Susumu (2004). 3987:Anesaki, Masaharu (1916). 3633:Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga 3177: 3136:Shinkō Bukkyō Seinen Dōmei 3062: 2360:Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga 2227:(1573–1600), and then the 2150: 1848:) were to be found in the 1755: 25:A bronze garden statue of 12315: 12267: 12182: 12097: 11872:Buddhist temples in Korea 11795: 11697: 11580: 11277: 11205: 11032: 10905: 10845: 10480: 10435:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 10346: 10338:Three planes of existence 10286: 10131: 10023: 9953: 9945:Buddha in world religions 9807: 9752: 9724: 9637: 9474:Abundant Treasures Buddha 9397: 9351: 9340: 9302: 9296:Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra 9293: 9196:Kyōgaku Yōgo Kaisetsu Shū 8885:Nichiren Buddhism Library 8601:Clarke, Peter B. (2013). 8372:Clarke, Peter B. (2006). 8013:Pinn, Anthony G. (2006). 7342:10.1017/s0034412500011057 7259:. Honolulu. p. 181. 7061:Collcutt, Martin (2014). 5189:Kyōgaku Yōgo Kaisetsu Shū 3913:Chanting in the Hillsides 3675:Soka Gakkai International 3553:Nichirenshū Fuju-fuse-ha 3294:Soka Gakkai International 3228:In culture and literature 3132:New Buddhist Youth League 2639:in the Fuji district and 2546:Origin of the Fuji School 2432:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 2194:, preserved at Shochuzan 2066:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 1670:Bodhisattvas of the Earth 1614:Soka Gakkai International 1594:Soka Gakkai International 1478: 1466: 29:in the Honnoji Temple of 11654:Persecution of Buddhists 10875:Four stages of awakening 10256:Three marks of existence 9842:Physical characteristics 9182:(Referred to in text as 9077:Broughton, B.L. (1936), 8953:, Little, Brown, 1988. 8926:(Referred to in text as 8634:Seager, Richard (2001). 8421:Rocha, Cristina (2016). 7569:10.1558/bsrv.v10i2.15201 6984:Hardacre, Helen (2003). 6513:A dictionary of Buddhism 6001:Hardacre, helen (1989). 5301:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 4916:Philosophy East and West 3589:Fuji Taisekiji Kenshōkai 3469:Shu: Sōhonzan Myōman-ji 3095:League of Blood Incident 3059:As a form of nationalism 2958:based at Myōmanji, Kyoto 2484:holds it represents all 2362:stem from this lineage. 2153:Nichiren § Writings 2052:His three-year exile to 1638:to an object called the 1522:The faith in Nichiren's 11017:Ten principal disciples 9900:(aunt, adoptive mother) 9210:Encyclopædia Britannica 9121:Satomi, Kishio (1923), 9068:Asai, Nissatsu (1893), 9014:Montgomery, Daniel B., 8754:, Soka Gakkai, 2006. 8683:Hurst, Jane D. (1992). 7915:Patrick., Hein (2014). 7830:Cite magazine requires 7766:Hirai, Chishin (2015). 7556:Buddhist Studies Review 7468:"Tsunesaburo Makiguchi" 7099:"Transcultural Studies" 6896:Shinto : a history 6680:Tamura, Yoshio (1989). 6605:Continuum International 6601:Exploring New Religions 6597:"New Forms of Buddhism" 6154:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5785:30 October 2013 at the 5627:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5597:www.nichirenlibrary.org 5521:www.nichirenlibrary.org 3832:Arai, Nissatsu (1893). 2412:. Some schools (called 2349:new religious movements 2073:The Opening of the Eyes 1987:Middle stage: 1261–1273 1821:For more than 20 years 932:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra 11727:Buddhism and democracy 11240:Tibetan Buddhist canon 11235:Chinese Buddhist canon 10467:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 10462:Early Buddhist schools 9190:Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon 9172:Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten 9118:, New York: Macmillan. 9094:Lloyd, Arthur (1912), 8768:, Soka Gakkai, 2006. 7639:Cheah, Joseph (2011). 7401:Pokorny, Lukas (2011). 6959:Encyclopedia of Shinto 6511:Keown, Damien (2003). 6415:Hein, Patrick (2014). 6306:Morgan, Diane (2004). 6111:2 January 2020 at the 5916:Harvey, Peter (2013). 4227:. Brill. p. 284. 4180:Hein, Patrick (2014). 4018:"Daimoku (Invocation)" 3797:Modernity and Religion 3791:Iida, Shotaro (1987). 3583:Bussho Gonenkai Kyōdan 3528:-ha: Sozan Myōkaku-ji 3399:Hokkeshū, Shinmon Ryū 3236:and children's author 3180:Japanese new religions 3121:As a form of socialism 3081:and the conclusion of 2992:Japanese new religions 2410:Content of Lotus Sūtra 2225:Azuchi–Momoyama period 2080:Final stage: 1274–1282 2071:He concludes his work 1959:leader of the nation. 1587:Japanese new religions 1585:also exist while some 962:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra 909:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras 179:Japanese new religions 64: 41: 11737:Eight Consciousnesses 9847:Life of Buddha in art 9594:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī 9541:who becomes a Buddha) 9312:Threefold Lotus Sutra 9035:. Soka Gakkai, 2002, 7984:. London: Routledge. 7025:Stone, Jacqueline I. 6707:Nosco, Peter (1996). 6593:Chryssides, George D. 5885:Stone, Jacqueline I. 5853:"Nichiren Shu Portal" 5440:Dolce, Lucia (1999). 5154:. Rissho University. 4928:10.1353/pew.2004.0043 3760:29 April 2016 at the 3671:Tsunesaburō Makiguchi 3650:, founded in 1938 by 3635:, founded in 1917 by 3391:Hokkeshū, Jinmon Ryū 3383:Hokkeshū, Honmon Ryū 3208:once affiliated with 3148:Tsunesaburo Makiguchi 3144:National Security Act 3019:, the interdependent 2774:Fuju-fuse persecution 2159:Latter Day of the Law 2039:Latter Day of the Law 1696:Nichiren and his time 1654:Latter Day of the Law 1610:third age of Buddhism 1514:capable of attaining 923:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra 900:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra 844:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 829:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras 47: 24: 12214:East Asian religions 11644:Buddhism in the West 11215:Early Buddhist texts 10830:Four Right Exertions 10296:Ten spiritual realms 9789:Noble Eightfold Path 9537:(daughter of Sāgara 9147:Nichiren Shōshū yōgi 6709:"Keeping the faith: 6607:. pp. 220–223. 5857:www.nichiren-shu.org 5841:on 11 February 2013. 5655:Mori, Ichiu (2003). 4877:Stone, Jacueline I. 4594:Stone, Jacqueline I. 4490:Hurst, Jane (1998). 4459:Sato, Hiroo (1999). 3154:display accepted by 3071:Japanese nationalism 2927:temple and held the 2826:later Tokugawa years 2553:Shuso Gosenge Kiroku 2430:, the leader of the 2424:Identity of Nichiren 2253:Namu-myoho-renge-kyo 2090:Yamanashi Prefecture 2064:, the leader of the 1998:Jpn. Hokke shikidoku 1866:Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō 1710:"Kamakura Buddhism." 674:Bodhisattva Precepts 634:Transcendent Virtues 12337:Religion portal 12084:Temple of the Tooth 11963:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 11002:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 10495:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 10278:Two truths doctrine 10098:Mahapajapati Gotamī 9898:Mahapajapati Gotamī 9484:Majestic Voice King 9460:Never Disrespectful 8966:. Kondansha, 1993, 8869:Letters of Nichiren 6778:. 21/2–3: 231–259. 6548:"Nichiren Buddhism" 6357:Buddhism in America 4346:20 May 2014 at the 3677:founded in 1975 by 3502:Nichiren Kōmon Shū 3477:Nichiren Hokke Shū 3435:Honmon Butsuryū Shū 3407:Hompa Nichiren Shū 3372:Hokke Nichiren Shū 3186:Honmon Butsuryū-shū 2954:Myōmanji-ha became 2278:the year 1288, and 2147:Nichiren's writings 2117:Shizuoka Prefecture 2088:located in today's 1646:Nam-myoho-renge-kyo 1635:Nam-myoho-renge-kyo 1583:Honmon Butsuryū-shū 1531:Nam Myoho Renge Kyo 1345:Regional traditions 884:Lalitavistara Sūtra 859:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra 852:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra 748:Prajñāpāramitā Devī 664:Non-abiding Nirvana 629:Transcendent Wisdom 70:Part of a series on 12259:Western philosophy 11857:Dzong architecture 11679:Vipassana movement 11674:Buddhist modernism 11102:Emperor Wen of Sui 10870:Pratyekabuddhayāna 10803:Threefold Training 10605:Vipassana movement 10321:Hungry Ghost realm 10141:Avidyā (Ignorance) 10088:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 9837:Great Renunciation 9832:Eight Great Events 9714: 9604:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 9589:Maha-Maudgalyayana 9455:Unlimited Practice 8909:Recent scholarship 7472:Religious Reformer 7238:Japanese Religions 4590:Teiser, Stephen F. 3753:Stone, Jaqueline. 3663:, founded in 1980. 3539:: Sozan Minobuzan 3354:Romanized English 3334:Japanese Knowledge 3160:Soka Kyoiku Gakkai 2758:Tokugawa shogunate 2247:(Lotus School) or 2229:Tokugawa shogunate 2221:Ashikaga shogunate 2217:Kamakura shogunate 1919:esoteric teachings 1898:Pure Land Buddhism 1485:), is a branch of 969:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 955:Golden Light Sutra 868:Vimalakirtinirdeśa 684:Bodhisattva stages 649:Consciousness-only 65: 42: 27:Nichiren Daishonin 12358:Nichiren Buddhism 12345: 12344: 11983:Om mani padme hum 11689:Women in Buddhism 11605:Buddhist councils 11475:Western countries 11263:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 11024:Shaolin Monastery 10601:Samatha-vipassanā 10211:Pratītyasamutpāda 10015:Metteyya/Maitreya 9933: 9925: 9917: 9909: 9901: 9893: 9885: 9762:Four Noble Truths 9672: 9671: 9643:Nichiren Buddhism 9450:Superior Practice 9233:Nichiren Buddhism 9006:Metraux, Daniel, 8878: 8311:978-0-7618-2189-2 7537:American Buddhism 7521:978-1-85274-091-7 7512:Fire In The Lotus 7330:Religious Studies 6838:Jansen, Marius B. 6693:978-0-8248-1198-3 6550:. Philtar.ac.uk. 6102:Joshua A. Fogel. 5887:"Nichiren School" 4532:978-1-85274-091-7 4523:Fire In The Lotus 4507:978-0-520-20460-7 4415:978-0-7914-2844-3 4296:978-1-56085-153-0 4271:978-0-19-924039-5 4072:978-0-19-924039-5 3806:978-0-88920-154-5 3629:, founded in 1951 3571: 3570: 3418:本化日蓮宗（兵庫）総本山妙見寺 3338:Nichiren Buddhism 3273:religious studies 3017:Meiji Restoration 2860:Tominaga Nakamoto 2833:Japanese Buddhism 2822:Meiji Restoration 2652:Ikegami Honmon-ji 2625:Classical Chinese 2609:Shakyamuni Buddha 2597:Rissho ankoku ron 2573:Shakyamuni Buddha 2458:(the Buddha, the 2192:Rissho Ankoku Ron 2133:Risshō ankoku ron 1943:Risshō Ankoku Ron 1832:Shakyamuni Buddha 1784:Risshō Ankoku Ron 1720:and later to the 1548:and chanting the 1528:The chanting of 1469:), also known as 1459:Nichiren Buddhism 1456: 1455: 941:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra 916:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra 891:Samādhirāja Sūtra 614:Mind of Awakening 580:Mahāyāna Buddhism 564: 563: 76:Buddhism in Japan 12375: 12335: 12334: 12323: 12322: 12162:Sacred languages 12010:Maya Devi Temple 11973:Mahabodhi Temple 11777:Secular Buddhism 11742:Engaged Buddhism 10582: 10430:Tibetan Buddhism 10381:Vietnamese Thiền 9980:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 9931: 9923: 9915: 9907: 9899: 9891: 9883: 9732: 9731: 9719: 9709: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9676: 9675: 9650:Tiantai Buddhism 9489:Śākyamuni Buddha 9346: 9278: 9271: 9264: 9255: 9254: 9085: 8949:Ikeda, Daisaku, 8873: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8728: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8598: 8589: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8540: 8532: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8460: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8356: 8348: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8269: 8261: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8124: 8116: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7977: 7968: 7967: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7899: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7849: 7840: 7839: 7833: 7828: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7801: 7793: 7763: 7754: 7753: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7688: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7571: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7507: 7501: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7450: 7442: 7412: 7406: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7387:. 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Soka Gakkai. 7464: 7460: 7444: 7443: 7431: 7413: 7409: 7400: 7396: 7391:on 31 May 2013. 7379: 7378: 7374: 7369: 7365: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7296: 7280: 7279: 7267: 7253: 7249: 7234: 7230: 7214: 7213: 7201: 7183: 7179: 7172: 7154: 7150: 7135: 7121: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7077: 7059: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 7000: 6982: 6978: 6968: 6966: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6932: 6931: 6924: 6922: 6907: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6860: 6842:Rozman, Gilbert 6835: 6831: 6816: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6771: 6765: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6727: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6678: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6642: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6590: 6586: 6574: 6567: 6557: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6523: 6509: 6505: 6489: 6488: 6476: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6429: 6413: 6409: 6393: 6392: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6320: 6304: 6300: 6284: 6283: 6276: 6274: 6259: 6243: 6239: 6224: 6210: 6206: 6191: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6130: 6126: 6113:Wayback Machine 6101: 6097: 6089: 6085: 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3176: 3156:Nichiren Shoshu 3130:who formed the 3123: 3091:May 15 Incident 3067: 3061: 3005: 2984:Nichiren Shōshū 2945:1891: The five 2873:shinbutsu bunri 2864:Hirata Atsutane 2839:in which local 2804:(1600–1868) to 2798: 2688: 2633:Suruga Province 2623:rather than in 2548: 2472:Nichiren Shoshu 2382:Nichiren Shōshū 2276:Nichiren Shōshū 2274:the year 1281, 2241: 2213: 2208: 2155: 2149: 2115:of present-day 2082: 1989: 1845: 1838: 1819: 1760: 1754: 1746:expedient means 1698: 1693: 1630: 1628:Basic teachings 1622:Nichiren Shōshū 1559:Nichiren Shōshū 1501:Kamakura period 1494:Buddhist priest 1452: 1423: 1422: 1346: 1338: 1337: 1333:Thích Nhất Hạnh 1328:14th Dalai Lama 1263:Abhayākaragupta 1078: 1070: 1069: 985: 975: 974: 823: 821:Mahayana sutras 813: 812: 723: 709: 708: 679:Bodhisattva vow 599: 579: 560: 520: 519: 505:Shinbutsu bunri 430:Shinbutsu-shūgō 390: 382: 381: 357:Murakami Senshō 337:Hasegawa Tōhaku 197: 189: 188: 94: 60: 54:Kamakura period 17: 12: 11: 5: 12381: 12371: 12370: 12365: 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R. Ambedkar 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11107:Songtsen Gampo 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11038: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10983: 10982: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10911: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10851: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10839: 10834: 10833: 10832: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10800: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10786:Eight precepts 10783: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10681: 10680: 10675: 10665: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10574: 10564: 10559: 10557:Five Strengths 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10497: 10492: 10486: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10448: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10352: 10350: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10340: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10298: 10292: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10280: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10196:Mental factors 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10137: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10048:Mahamoggallāna 10045: 10040: 10035: 10029: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9971: 9970: 9963:Avalokiteśvara 9959: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9936: 9935: 9927: 9919: 9911: 9903: 9895: 9887: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9813: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9785: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9764: 9758: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9702: 9701: 9694: 9687: 9679: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9666: 9646: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9584:Mahā-Kātyāyana 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9532: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9469: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9410:Avalokiteśvara 9407: 9405: 9401: 9399: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9391: 9389:Ten suchnesses 9386: 9384:Skillful Means 9381: 9376: 9374:Eternal Buddha 9371: 9366: 9361: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9336: 9329: 9322: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9281: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9242: 9230: 9223: 9218: 9204: 9203:External links 9201: 9200: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9169: 9156: 9150: 9142: 9139: 9138: 9137: 9128: 9119: 9110: 9101: 9092: 9089:The Maha-Bodhi 9075: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9054:978-0824827717 9046: 9030: 9012: 9003: 8992: 8979: 8961: 8947: 8941: 8931: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8898:978-3451334542 8887: 8879: 8866: 8860: 8846: 8832: 8818: 8804: 8790: 8776: 8762: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8723:on 10 May 2017 8708: 8693: 8675: 8648: 8626: 8611: 8590: 8581: 8567:978-1136828652 8566: 8548: 8519: 8501: 8486: 8468: 8435: 8413: 8386: 8364: 8335: 8317: 8310: 8292: 8277: 8248: 8230: 8203: 8181: 8154: 8132: 8103: 8085: 8070: 8052: 8025: 8005: 7990: 7969: 7962: 7940: 7925: 7907: 7866: 7841: 7809: 7780: 7768:"Nichiren shū" 7755: 7740: 7718: 7678: 7651: 7631: 7616: 7598: 7583: 7562:(2): 187–206. 7542: 7527: 7520: 7502: 7500:is pronounced. 7489: 7458: 7429: 7407: 7394: 7372: 7363: 7320: 7294: 7265: 7247: 7228: 7199: 7177: 7170: 7148: 7133: 7112: 7090: 7075: 7048: 7017: 6998: 6976: 6955:"Hokke Shinto" 6946: 6905: 6885: 6858: 6829: 6814: 6796: 6752: 6725: 6699: 6692: 6667: 6640: 6620: 6613: 6584: 6565: 6536: 6521: 6503: 6475:978-1400848058 6474: 6454: 6428:978-1443868723 6427: 6407: 6366: 6345: 6318: 6298: 6257: 6237: 6223:978-1876843120 6222: 6204: 6189: 6171: 6141: 6124: 6095: 6083: 6056: 6034: 6015: 5988: 5973: 5955: 5928: 5908: 5874: 5844: 5826: 5800: 5791: 5771: 5742: 5724: 5710:978-0914910282 5709: 5678: 5644: 5614: 5584: 5538: 5508: 5486: 5463: 5432: 5413: 5393: 5363: 5338: 5309: 5291: 5284: 5266: 5251: 5233: 5219:978-0231072601 5218: 5193: 5187:, p. 215, and 5172: 5132: 5117: 5099: 5080: 5055: 5028: 4993: 4966: 4941: 4906: 4858: 4831: 4809: 4794: 4776: 4735: 4712: 4697: 4679: 4621: 4606: 4581: 4575:978-0824820787 4574: 4556: 4541: 4531: 4513: 4506: 4482: 4451: 4448:. p. 367. 4436: 4433:. p. 368. 4421: 4414: 4396: 4386: 4360: 4358:Kenkyusha 1991 4351: 4332: 4315:Religion Facts 4302: 4295: 4277: 4270: 4252: 4234:978-9004112469 4233: 4211: 4192: 4172: 4142: 4117: 4098: 4078: 4071: 4053: 4030: 4008: 3962: 3943: 3918: 3903: 3857: 3824: 3805: 3783: 3779:978-0824820787 3766: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3664: 3658: 3656:Myōkō Naganuma 3645: 3639: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3616:Tanaka Chigaku 3606: 3600: 3586: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3345: 3342: 3329: 3326: 3261: 3258: 3250:Uchimura Kanzō 3238:Kenji Miyazawa 3229: 3226: 3196:stemming from 3175: 3172: 3122: 3119: 3107:Kanji Ishiwara 3099:Chigaku Tanaka 3060: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3045: 3030:Yoshiro Tamura 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2907:denomination. 2887:shibutsu bunri 2853:Yoshida Shintō 2797: 2794: 2790:Sōshiki bukkyō 2698:and as far as 2687: 2684: 2586:Mishima Taisha 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2521: 2490: 2489: 2470:). Currently, 2456:The Three Gems 2452:The Three Gems 2449: 2439: 2428:Visistacaritra 2421: 2407: 2240: 2237: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2151:Main article: 2148: 2145: 2081: 2078: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2033: 2032: 2020: 2019: 1988: 1985: 1931:soteriological 1818: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1795: 1753: 1750: 1736:, the seat of 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1629: 1626: 1542: 1541: 1535: 1526: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1288:Rangjung Dorje 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258:Ratnākaraśānti 1255: 1250: 1248:Śaṅkaranandana 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1198:Shāntarakshita 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065:Chung Tai Shan 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 986: 981: 980: 977: 976: 973: 972: 965: 958: 951: 944: 937: 926: 919: 912: 905: 894: 887: 880: 873: 862: 855: 848: 839: 832: 824: 819: 818: 815: 814: 811: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 768:Avalokiteśvara 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 724: 715: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 704:Three Turnings 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 659:Three vehicles 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 624:Skillful Means 621: 616: 611: 606: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 584: 583: 575: 574: 562: 561: 559: 558: 551: 544: 536: 533: 532: 531: 530: 522: 521: 518: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 377:Suzuki Shunryū 374: 369: 364: 362:Nishida Kitarō 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 92: 91: 88: 87: 79: 78: 72: 71: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12380: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12326: 12318: 12317: 12314: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12100: 12099:Miscellaneous 12096: 12090: 12089:Vegetarianism 12087: 12085: 12082: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12002: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11911:Buddha in art 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11807: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11794: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11565:United States 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11460: 11459: 11456: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11431: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11280: 11276: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11264: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11122:Padmasambhava 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11035: 11034:Major figures 11031: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10981: 10980:Western tulku 10978: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10904: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10838: 10835: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10823: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10805: 10804: 10801: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781:Five precepts 10779: 10778: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10759:Dhamma vicaya 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10747: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10606: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10527:Buddhābhiṣeka 10525: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10479: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10285: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10171:Enlightenment 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10161:Dhamma theory 10159: 10157: 10156:Buddha-nature 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9995:Samantabhadra 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9928: 9926: 9920: 9918: 9912: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9896: 9894: 9888: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9769: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9700: 9695: 9693: 9688: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9677: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9651: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9640: 9639: 9636: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9536: 9533: 9530: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9445:Pure Practice 9443: 9441: 9440:Firm Practice 9438: 9436: 9435:Samantabhadra 9433: 9431: 9430:Medicine King 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9415: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9396: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9379:Six Pāramitās 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9364:Buddha-nature 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9350: 9345: 9335: 9334: 9330: 9328: 9327: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9292: 9288: 9287: 9279: 9274: 9272: 9267: 9265: 9260: 9259: 9256: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9206: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9181: 9180:4-00-080093-0 9177: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9167:4-7963-0763-X 9164: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9082: 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7855: 7848: 7846: 7837: 7824: 7823:cite magazine 7813: 7805: 7799: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7781:9781598843316 7777: 7773: 7769: 7762: 7760: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7741:9788787062121 7737: 7733: 7729: 7722: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7652:9780199843152 7648: 7644: 7643: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7617:9781572330634 7613: 7609: 7602: 7594: 7587: 7579: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7538: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7493: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7448: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7430:9781137574008 7426: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7376: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7290: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7266:9780824827526 7262: 7258: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7232: 7224: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7200:9789004329003 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7173: 7171:9781498501880 7167: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7134:9781851097821 7130: 7126: 7119: 7117: 7100: 7094: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7076:9781400854301 7072: 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Princeton. 6467: 6466: 6458: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6411: 6403: 6397: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6367:9780231159739 6363: 6359: 6358: 6349: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6319:9780313324918 6315: 6311: 6310: 6302: 6294: 6288: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6258:9781118608319 6254: 6250: 6249: 6241: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6215: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6190:9780814707029 6186: 6182: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6121: 6120:0-8047-2567-5 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6087: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6057:9780664224752 6053: 6049: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6016:9780824811983 6012: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5974:9780810861947 5970: 5966: 5959: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5929:9780521859424 5925: 5921: 5920: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5795: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5767: 5761: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5743:9788193315040 5739: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5649: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5487:9780875730868 5483: 5479: 5478: 5470: 5468: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5414:9781134960583 5410: 5406: 5405: 5397: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5364:9789004232006 5360: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5334: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5310:9781136985881 5306: 5302: 5295: 5287: 5285:9781780768397 5281: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5252:9780231520430 5248: 5244: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5200: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5183:) entries in 5182: 5176: 5157: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5137: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5118:9781443868884 5114: 5110: 5103: 5087: 5083: 5081:9780231515092 5077: 5073: 5072: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5029:9780231520430 5025: 5021: 5020: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4967:9780521851190 4963: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4832:9780521223546 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4795:9780691057897 4791: 4787: 4780: 4772: 4766: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4736:9781400883349 4732: 4729:. Princeton. 4728: 4727: 4719: 4717: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4698:9780231520430 4694: 4690: 4683: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4607:9780231142892 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4553:. p. 84. 4552: 4545: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4486: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4447: 4440: 4432: 4425: 4417: 4411: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4387:9780231072601 4383: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4364: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4298: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4215: 4199: 4195: 4193:9781443868723 4189: 4185: 4184: 4176: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4143:9789004232006 4139: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4099:9783447033732 4095: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4050: 4037: 4033: 4031:9781134499700 4027: 4023: 4019: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3950: 3946: 3944:9780664224752 3940: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3893: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3828: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3703: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3680: 3679:Daisaku Ikeda 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3652:Nikkyō Niwano 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3524:Nichiren Shū 3523: 3522: 3519:日蓮正宗総本山大石寺 3518: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3450:本門法華宗大本山妙蓮寺 3449: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3410:本派日蓮宗総本山宗祖寺 3409: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3290:Daisaku Ikeda 3286: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3266:Daisaku Ikeda 3260:Globalization 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921:Minobu monryū 2918: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2831:By this time 2829: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2812:) to modern ( 2811: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2173:Nichiren ibun 2170: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2113:Fuji district 2109: 2105: 2103: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994:Izu Peninsula 1984: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1951:Hōjō Tokiyori 1948: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886:transcendence 1883: 1879: 1878:hongaku shisō 1875: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 483 BC 1833: 1828: 1824: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1799:Izu Peninsula 1796: 1793: 1792:Hōjō Tokiyori 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:Minamoto clan 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604:status, as a 1602: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1512:Buddha-nature 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278:Sakya Pandita 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1218:Dahui Zonggao 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1050:Fo Guang Shan 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983:Major schools 979: 978: 971: 970: 966: 964: 963: 959: 957: 956: 952: 950: 949: 945: 943: 942: 938: 935: 934: 933: 927: 925: 924: 920: 918: 917: 913: 911: 910: 906: 903: 902: 901: 895: 893: 892: 888: 886: 885: 881: 879: 878: 874: 871: 870: 869: 863: 861: 860: 856: 854: 853: 849: 846: 845: 840: 838: 837: 833: 831: 830: 826: 825: 822: 817: 816: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 798:Samantabhadra 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 753:Bhaiṣajyaguru 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722: 718: 713: 712: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 694:Luminous mind 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 619:Buddha-nature 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 595: 594: 590: 586: 585: 582: 577: 576: 572: 568: 567: 557: 552: 550: 545: 543: 538: 537: 535: 534: 529: 526: 525: 524: 523: 516: 515:Gozan Bungaku 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 425:Honji suijaku 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 386: 385: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 302:Issan Ichinei 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 193: 192: 185: 184:Zen in the US 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 90: 89: 85: 81: 80: 77: 74: 73: 69: 68: 55: 51: 46: 40: 36: 32: 28: 23: 19: 12277:Bodhisattvas 12197:Christianity 12192:Baháʼí Faith 12057:Dharmachakra 12047:Prayer wheel 12037:Prayer beads 11805:Architecture 11684:969 Movement 11468:Saudi Arabia 11446:Central Asia 11439:South Africa 11261: 11244: 11177:Panchen Lama 11082:Buddhapālita 10678:Satipatthana 10673:Mindful Yoga 10586:Recollection 10500:Brahmavihara 10407: 10371:Japanese Zen 10366:Chinese Chan 10326:Animal realm 10133:Key concepts 9955:Bodhisattvas 9767:Three Jewels 9660: 9654: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9579:Mahā-Kāśyapa 9498: 9404:Bodhisattvas 9332: 9325: 9318: 9310: 9309: 9295: 9285: 9208: 9195: 9189: 9183: 9171: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9132: 9123: 9114: 9105: 9096: 9088: 9080: 9070: 9063: 9032: 9018:. 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Retrieved 3796: 3786: 3769: 3592: 3591:(also, just 3577: 3537:Nichiren Shū 3467:Kempon Hokke 3347: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3299: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3263: 3245: 3231: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3198:Nichiren Shu 3183: 3168:World War II 3159: 3140: 3135: 3124: 3115:Nisshō Inoue 3083:World War II 3079:Meiji period 3077:between the 3068: 3042:World War II 3032:, the term " 3029: 3026: 3021:Danka system 3009:Meiji Period 3006: 2995: 2956:Kempon Hokke 2946: 2939: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2917:Nichiren-shū 2909: 2905:Kempon Hokke 2900:Nichiren Shū 2896: 2892: 2886: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2857: 2849:Hokke Shintō 2848: 2830: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2789: 2786:Danka system 2779: 2769: 2768:) nor give ( 2765: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2726: 2724: 2720:daisan hōmon 2719: 2715: 2691: 2689: 2670:such as the 2663: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2629: 2601: 2596: 2579: 2566: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2513: 2510:Nichiren Shū 2505: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2477:Dai Gohonzon 2475: 2467: 2451: 2441: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2395: 2390: 2373: 2364: 2345:Nichiren Shū 2341:Mount Minobu 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321:Nikkō Shonin 2319: 2291:Nikkō Shonin 2286: 2284: 2272:Nichiren Shū 2267: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2255:, using the 2252: 2248: 2244: 2242: 2233: 2214: 2191: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2121: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2093: 2083: 2072: 2070: 2057: 2051: 2047:realization. 2027:doctrine of 2010: 2005: 2002:13th chapter 1997: 1990: 1981:chingo kokka 1980: 1961: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1935:Amida Buddha 1901: 1893: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1820: 1810:Mount Minobu 1787: 1783: 1765: 1761: 1730: 1705: 1699: 1683:, comprise " 1680: 1676: 1674: 1658: 1649: 1645: 1644:. 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Suzuki 312:Sen no Rikyū 158: 144:Jōdo Shinshū 39:Kyoto, Japan 31:Nichiren Shu 18: 12122:Dharma talk 11951:Asalha Puja 11747:Eschatology 11550:Switzerland 11530:New Zealand 11458:Middle East 11367:Philippines 11287:Afghanistan 11092:Bodhidharma 11077:Buddhaghosa 10997:Householder 10907:Monasticism 10860:Bodhisattva 10715:Prostration 10668:Mindfulness 10596:Anapanasati 10579:Kammaṭṭhāna 10376:Korean Seon 10316:Asura realm 10311:Human realm 10251:Ten Fetters 10206:Parinirvana 10108:Uppalavanna 10073:Mahākaccana 10058:Mahākassapa 9990:Kṣitigarbha 9985:Ākāśagarbha 9882:Suddhodāna 9827:Four sights 9754:Foundations 9550:Dhṛtarāṣṭra 9398:Key figures 9359:Bodhisattva 9286:Lotus Sūtra 9215:Soka Gakkai 8976:Illustrated 8223:20 February 6789:28 February 6386:20 February 6164:15 February 6137:Soka Gakkai 5819:10 December 5671:23 February 5637:23 February 5569:: 153–189. 5386:20 February 4922:: 125–126. 4475:29 December 4339:SGDB 2002, 4325:14 December 4287:Soka Gakkai 4165:20 February 3667:Soka Gakkai 3597:ja:富士大石寺顕正会 3513:: Sōhonzan 3336:article on 3285:Soka Gakkai 3206:Soka Gakkai 3164:Soka Gakkai 3075:Nichirenism 3065:Nichirenism 3049:Lotus Sutra 3034:Nichirenism 2988:Soka Gakkai 2780:During the 2752:During the 2672:Sōka Gakkai 2627:syllabary. 2541:Tathāgata). 2482:Soka Gakkai 2386:Soka Gakkai 2249:Nichirenshū 2127:structure. 2125:conventicle 2054:Sado Island 1850:Lotus Sutra 1803:Sado Island 1776:hermeneutic 1768:Lotus Sutra 1706:Shin Bukkyo 1606:Bodhisattva 1601:Lotus Sutra 1567:Soka Gakkai 1508:Lotus Sutra 1356:Han Chinese 1178:Amoghavajra 1153:Bodhidharma 1143:Candrakīrti 1138:Dharmakīrti 1133:Bhāvaviveka 1088:Ashvaghosha 1077:Key figures 836:Lotus Sūtra 793:Ākāśagarbha 788:Kṣitigarbha 778:Vajrasattva 669:One Vehicle 604:Bodhisattva 395:Nihon Shoki 352:Inoue Enryō 327:Takuan Sōhō 322:Sesshū Tōyō 307:Musō Soseki 237:En no Gyōja 207:Tori Busshi 196:Key figures 61: 1257 50:Lotus Sūtra 12352:Categories 12239:Psychology 12219:Gnosticism 12207:Comparison 12202:Influences 12184:Comparison 12067:Bhavacakra 12025:Kushinagar 12000:Pilgrimage 11946:Māgha Pūjā 11901:Bodhi Tree 11717:Buddhology 11707:Abhidharma 11699:Philosophy 11632:Menander I 11500:Costa Rica 11451:Uzbekistan 11292:Bangladesh 11246:Dhammapada 11230:Pali Canon 11192:Ajahn Chah 11172:Dalai Lama 11072:Kumārajīva 11067:Vasubandhu 11042:The Buddha 10950:Zen master 10885:Sakadagami 10865:Buddhahood 10796:Pratimokṣa 10611:Shikantaza 10567:Meditation 10542:Deity yoga 10413:Madhyamaka 10306:Deva realm 10201:Mindstream 10151:Bodhicitta 10063:Aṅgulimāla 9930:Devadatta 9906:Yaśodharā 9809:The Buddha 9799:Middle Way 9545:Vaiśravaṇa 9531:daughters) 9527:(with ten 9303:Components 9237:Tricycle's 8939:071267456X 8668:1 November 8447:1 November 8406:1 November 8174:1 November 8045:1 November 7313:28 January 7010:1 November 6925:1 November 6846:"Overview" 6745:1 November 6660:1 November 6603:. London: 6581:1852740914 6447:1 November 6338:1 November 6277:1 November 6131:仏敎哲学大辞典 — 6076:1 November 5948:1 November 5867:8 November 5736:. London. 5607:30 January 5577:30 January 5531:30 January 5501:30 January 5456:30 January 5448:. 26/3–4. 5425:1 November 5165:23 January 5092:1 November 5048:1 November 4986:1 November 4899:7 February 4888:. 26/3–4. 4851:1 November 4755:1 November 4672:10 January 4661:. 26/3–4. 4245:1 November 4204:1 November 4110:1 November 4042:1 November 4001:20 October 3955:1 November 3846:25 October 3817:20 October 3698:References 3661:Shōshinkai 3609:Kokuchūkai 3545:日蓮宗祖山身延山 3515:Taiseki-ji 3429:（京都）本山石塔寺 3375:法華日蓮宗総本山 3178:See also: 3103:Kokuchūkai 3087:Kokuchūkai 3063:See also: 2996:shinshūkyō 2978:1900: The 2919:(formerly 2841:nativistic 2837:syncretism 2782:Edo period 2754:Edo period 2728:Hokke-ikki 2676:Shōshinkai 2664:Honmon-Shu 2637:Taiseki-ji 2480:, whereas 2462:, and the 2404:syncretism 2396:Local gods 2380:temple of 2339:Temple in 2309:(日頂), and 2196:Hokekyo-ji 2188:apocryphal 2184:Ongi Kuden 1839: 563 1827:Enryaku-ji 1772:Shakyamuni 1756:See also: 1734:Mount Hiei 1661:meditative 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9852:Footprint 9817:Tathāgata 9629:Yaśodharā 9614:Śāriputra 9574:Kauṇḍinya 9569:Aniruddha 9535:Nāgakanya 9494:Vairocana 9479:Akshobhya 9369:Emptiness 8928:Cambridge 8621:862613119 8576:862613119 8537:cite book 8496:235028985 8457:cite book 8353:cite book 8266:cite book 8213:808600561 8164:230763437 8121:cite book 8113:897907045 8080:844350971 8000:852158691 7935:892799135 7896:cite book 7876:953617964 7798:cite book 7790:895731298 7661:774295742 7578:247885280 7482:2 January 7447:cite book 7439:949365321 7358:170854567 7283:cite book 7275:875895206 7244:(2): 122. 7217:cite book 7209:951955874 7085:884013523 6935:cite book 6915:947145263 6868:884013523 6824:657757860 6558:2 October 6531:574561654 6492:cite book 6484:864788798 6437:892799135 6396:cite book 6376:753913907 6287:cite book 6267:904194715 6093:, p. 1368 5983:828618014 5938:822518354 5760:cite book 5752:974496695 5719:137242947 5373:809194690 5327:cite book 5319:865579062 5261:255015350 5127:893739540 5038:255015350 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11347:Mongolia 11342:Maldives 11337:Malaysia 11302:Cambodia 11167:Shamarpa 11162:Nichiren 11112:Xuanzang 11047:Nagasena 10965:Rinpoche 10695:Pāramitā 10537:Devotion 10457:Navayana 10445:Dzogchen 10408:Nichiren 10356:Mahayana 10348:Branches 10226:Saṅkhāra 9975:Mañjuśrī 9932:(cousin) 9924:(cousin) 9892:(mother) 9884:(father) 9872:Miracles 9822:Birthday 9739:Glossary 9712:Buddhism 9662:Cheontae 9557:Śrāvakas 9539:Nāgaraja 9425:Mañjuśrī 9420:Maitreya 9352:Concepts 9141:Japanese 9022:, 1991. 8703:26503746 8662:Archived 8658:47160933 8529:45195856 8441:Archived 8400:Archived 8396:56648172 8345:34076743 8258:40298264 8217:Archived 8168:Archived 8039:Archived 8035:71065068 7886:10 April 7880:Archived 7750:28815678 7711:21 April 7705:Archived 7671:10 April 7665:Archived 7626:47793242 7476:Archived 7350:20005538 7307:Archived 7143:70136919 7105:28 April 7035:Archived 7004:Archived 6963:Archived 6919:Archived 6872:Archived 6844:(2014). 6780:Archived 6739:Archived 6735:32236452 6654:Archived 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