Negotiations leading to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

1181: 1962:, Iran is obligated to cooperate fully with the IAEA on "all outstanding issues, particularly those which give rise to concerns about the possible military dimensions of the Iranian nuclear programme, including by providing access without delay to all sites, equipment, persons and documents requested by the IAEA. ..." On 11 November 2013 the IAEA and Iran signed a Joint Statement on a Framework for Cooperation committing both parties to cooperate and resolve all present and past issues in a step by step manner. As a first step, the Framework identified six practical measures to be completed within three months. The IAEA reported that Iran had implemented those six measures in time. In February and May 2014 the parties agreed to additional sets of measures related to the Framework. In September the IAEA continued to report that Iran was not implementing its Additional Protocol, which is a prerequisite for the IAEA "to provide assurance about both declared and possible undeclared activities." Under those circumstances, the Agency reported it will not be able to provide "credible assurance about the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities in Iran". 1169: 1780:

to make nuclear warheads. The number and quality of centrifuges, research and development of advanced centrifuges, and the size of low-enriched uranium stockpiles, would be relevant. The constraints were interrelated with each other, that the more centrifuges Iran had, the smaller the stockpile the United States and P5+1 should accept, and vice versa. Lengthening breakout timelines required a substantial reduction in enrichment capacity, and many experts talk about an acceptable range of about 2000-6000 first-generation centrifuges. Iran stated that it wanted to extend its capability substantially. In May 2014 Robert J. Einhorn, former Special Advisor on Non-Proliferation and Arms Control at the U.S. Department of State, claimed that if Iran was to continue to insist on what he considered to be a huge number of centrifuges, then there would be no agreement, since this enrichment capacity would bring the breakout time down to weeks or days.

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Philip Hammond said it was not possible to meet the November deadline due to wide gaps on well-known points of contention. He stressed that while 1 July was the new deadline, the expectation was that broad agreement would be in place by 1 March 2015, that expert level talks would resume in December 2014 and that Iran would receive about $ 700 million per month in frozen assets. In reply to a question about "fundamental gaps over how much enrichment capacity Iran would be allowed to retain", Secretary of State John Kerry said in a news conference on 24 November 2014: "I'm not going to confirm whether or not there's a gap or not a gap or where the gaps are. There obviously are gaps. We've said that." Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said in a press conference on 25 November 2014: "Today the Iranian nuclear program is internationally recognized and no one speaks about our enrichment right..."

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Iran's nuclear program. The IAEA continued to investigate PMD issues as a part of the Framework for Cooperation. The P5+1 and Iran have committed to establish a Joint Commission to work with the IAEA to monitor implementation of the Joint Plan and "to facilitate resolution of past and present issues of concern" with respect to Iran's nuclear program, including PMD of the program and Iran's activities at Parchin. Some analysts asked what happens if Iran balks and IAEA fails to resolve significant PDM issues. According to the U.S. Department of State, any compliance issues wouldn't be discussed by the Joint Commission but would first be dealt with "at the expert level, and then come up to the political directors and up to foreign ministers if needed." Thus, an unresolved issue might be declared sufficiently addressed as a result of a political decision.

1607: 1625:. During the conference, Mohammad Zarif said in an interview that IAEA inspected Iran for 10 years or more and found no evidence that Iran's program was not peaceful. He also claimed that JPA did not imply step-by-step removal of sanctions and the removal of sanctions has been "a condition for an agreement". Zarif stated: "I don't think if we don't have an agreement, it'll be the end of the world. I mean, we tried, we failed, fine." IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano, who also took part in the conference, pointed out that Iran had to provide urgent clarification on key aspects of its nuclear program. He said: "Clarification of issues with possible military dimension and implementation of the Additional Protocol and beyond is essential." 2538:– it had mainly extended deterrence through bilateral alliances and security relationships and through its forward military presence and security guarantees. According to the Review Report: "The Administration is pursuing strategic dialogues with its allies and partners in East Asia and the Middle East to determine how best to cooperatively strengthen regional security architectures to enhance peace and security, and reassure them that U.S. extended deterrence is credible and effective." Since 2010 the U.S. position has been less clear and it seems "to be deliberately lowering its profile - either because it might interference with negotiations by the 5+1 or because it has less support within the Obama Administration." 1011: 1677: 2490:"The disastrous presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the failed Green revolution—which sought to topple him in 2009—and the chaotic Arab spring have for the moment discredited radical politics and boosted pragmatic centrists. The traditional religious society that the mullahs dreamt of has receded... Although this hardly amounts to democracy, it is a political marketplace and, as Mr Ahmadinejad discovered, policies that tack away from the consensus do not last. That is why last year Iran elected a president, Hassan Rohani, who wants to open up to the world and who has reined in the hardline Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps." 2474:, has argued in his research that the Cold War deterrence doctrine will not be applicable to nuclear Iran. The inherent instability of the Middle East and its regimes, the difficulty in managing multilateral nuclear tensions, the weight of religious, emotional, and internal pressures, and the proclivity of many of the regimes toward military adventurism and brinkmanship give little hope for the future of the region once it enters the nuclear age. By its own admission, the Iranian regime favors revolution and is against the status quo in the region. Shmuel Bar has characterized the regime as follows: 764: 442: 665: 92: 2322:, its authenticity or impact. The Iranian official website for information regarding its nuclear program documents numerous instances of public statements by Khamenei wherein he voices his opposition to pursuit and development of nuclear weapons in moral, religious and Islamic juridical terms. Khamenei's official website specifically cites a 2010 statement, in which Khamenei says "We consider the use of weapons as haraam" of these statements in the fatwa section of the website in Farsi as a fatwa on "Prohibition of Weapons of Mass Destruction." Ayatollah 22: 1970: 2478:"Since its inception, it has been committed to 'propagation of Islam' (tablighi eslami) and 'export of revolution' (sudur inqilab). The former is viewed by the regime as a fundamental Islamic duty and the latter as a prime tenet of the regime's ideology, enshrined in the constitution and the works of the Imam Khomeini. Together they form a worldview that sees Islamic Iran as a nation with a 'manifest destiny': to lead the Muslim world and to become a predominant regional 'superpower' in the Gulf, the heart of the Arab world, and in Central Asia." 2221:

refused to acknowledge having a weaponization program. Meanwhile, analysts close to the Obama administration begin to boost the so-called limited disclosure option. Nevertheless, 354 members of U.S. Congress were "deeply concerned with Iran's refusal to fully cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency." On 1 October 2014, they sent a letter to Secretary of State John Kerry stating that "Iran's willingness to fully reveal all aspects of its nuclear program is a fundamental test of Iran's intention to uphold a comprehensive agreement."

2062:, as the Joint Plan of Action was an interim agreement, it could not take into account all the issues that should be resolved as part of a comprehensive agreement. If a comprehensive agreement with Iran "does not tackle the issue of ballistic missiles, it will fall short of and may undermine ... UN Security Council Resolutions." Moreover, shifting "monitoring and prevention aims onto warheads without addressing Iran's ballistic missile capacity also ignores U.S. legislation that forms the foundation of the sanctions regime against Iran". 1231:) to announce that the eight nations had reached an agreement on a framework deal for Iran nuclear activities. The deal is partial and preliminary and serves as a precursor to a full, comprehensive and detailed agreement due to be completed by 30 June 2015. Announcing the framework, Foreign Minister Zarif stated: "No agreement has been reached so we do not have any obligation yet. Nobody has obligations now other than obligations that we already undertook under the Joint Plan of Action that we adopted in Geneva in November 2013." 1714: 1886:

after 2003 Iran had halted the covert enrichment for at least several years. The Estimate also stated: "We assess with moderate confidence that Iran probably would use covert facilities—rather than its declared nuclear sites—for the production of highly enriched uranium for a weapon." Some analysts have argued that negotiations between Iran and the P5+1, as well as most public discussions, were focused on Iran's overt nuclear facilities while alternative paths to obtain fissile material existed.

563: 10735: 927:(JPA) the sides agreed to extend negotiations by four months with a final deadline set for 24 November 2014. Additionally, in exchange for Iranian consent to convert some of its 20% enriched uranium into fuel for a research reactor, United States will unblock $ 2.8 billion in frozen Iranian funds. Negotiations will resume in September. John Kerry said that tangible progress had been made, but "very real gaps" remained. Ed Royce stated that he did not see "the extension as progress". 1966:

ongoing inspection role in Iran". IAEA inspection has included daily access to Natanz and Fordow and managed access to centrifuge production facilities, uranium mines and mills, and the Arak heavy water reactor. To implement these and other verification steps, Iran committed to "provide increased and unprecedented transparency into its nuclear program, including through more frequent and intrusive inspections as well as expanded provision of information to the IAEA."

1833:, a sizable research program involving the production of heavy water might raise concerns about a plutonium-based weapon program, especially if such program was not easily justifiable on other accounts. Gregory S. Jones, a senior researcher and a defense policy analyst, claimed that if the heavy-water-production plant at Arak were not dismantled, Iran would be granted a "plutonium option" for acquiring nuclear weapons in addition to the centrifuge enrichment program. 1815:, felt that compromises made by the Obama administration to achieve an agreement with Iran would be dangerous. Fleitz believed that such concessions were being proposed, and that the "... most dangerous is that we are considering letting Iran keep the Arak heavy water reactor which will be a source of plutonium. Plutonium is the most desired nuclear fuel for a bomb, it has a lower critical mass, you need less of it which is important in building a missile warhead." 2833: 12054: 2542:

comprehensive, verifiable, diplomatic resolution, without taking any other options off the table if we fail to achieve that." The President also expressed strong belief that an end state can be envisioned, where Iran will not have breakout capacity. President Obama, however, added: "If you asked me what is the likelihood that we're able to arrive at the end state that I was just describing earlier, I wouldn't say that it's more than 50/50."

1985:, has explained that "It's very hard if you are an IAEA inspector or analyst to say we can give you confidence that there's not a weapons program today if you don't know about the past. Because you don't know what was done. You don't know what they accomplished." Albright argued that this history is important since the "infrastructure that was created could pop back into existence at any point in secret and move forward on nuclear weapons." 1801: 2663:

that would give everybody in the neighborhood, including Iran, a clarity that if Israel were to be attacked by any state, that we would stand by them." He later added, "What I would say to the Israeli people is ... that there is no formula, there is no option, to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon that will be more effective than the diplomatic initiative and framework that we put forward — and that's demonstrable." In

10725: 2819: 2096: 2092:"decides that Iran shall not undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons." In May–June 2014 a United Nations panel of experts submitted a report pointing to Iran's engagement in ballistic missile activities. The Panel reported that over the last year Iran has conducted a number of ballistic missile test launches, which were a violation of paragraph 9 of the resolution. 2805: 2005:

related to the initiation of high explosives and to neutron transport calculations until 25 August, but it failed to address these issues. The two issues are associated with compressed materials that are required to produce a warhead small enough to fit on top of a missile. During its 7–8 October meetings with the IAEA in Tehran, Iran failed to propose any new practical measures to resolve the disputable issues.

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want to keep the 20 July deadline and adding: "we believe we can still get it done." Negotiators had made progress on one issue, the future of Iran's planned Arak reactor, but remained far apart on whether Iran's capacity to enrich uranium should shrink or expand. The U.S. delegation also raised the issues of Iran's ballistic missile program and military dimensions of its past nuclear research. EU

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words could be considered as willingness to work with international powers. But a few days later Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei warned that "Americans are impudently saying that even if Iran backs down on the nuclear issue, all the sanctions will not be lifted at once." Iran should therefore "take the instrument of sanctions out of enemy's hands" and develop "economic of resistance."

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reporters: "The mood was very good, but I don't think we made a lot of progress." Russian negotiator Sergei Ryabkov told journalists, "If there is progress it is a very slow one and there are no guarantees that this progress will transform into a decisive shift, breakthrough, into a compromise," adding that "major disagreements remain on the majority of disputed issues."

1922:, monitoring of nuclear-related procurement, an obligation to ratify and implement the Additional Protocol and to provide the IAEA enhanced powers beyond the Protocol, adhering to the modified Code 3.1, monitoring of nuclear research and development (R&D), defining certain activities as breaches of the agreement that could provide basis for timely intervention. 1914:

diminish the risks of deception, it is difficult to envision that Iran would be compliant in the future, post-sanctions environment." According to the recommendations the agreement with Iran should include a requirement to cooperate with the IAEA inspectors in compliance with the UN Security Council resolutions, transparency for centrifuges, mines and mills for

2667:(NPR), Obama answered negative response to Netanyahu's demand in Iran's recognition of Israel. "The notion that we would condition Iran not getting nuclear weapons in a verifiable deal on Iran recognizing Israel is really akin to saying that we won't sign a deal unless the nature of the Iranian regime completely transforms," said Obama in NPR. 1565:. Deputy Minister Abbas Araqchi said that the bilateral talks were useful and focused on "the existing differences" in the negotiations. Deputy Minister Majid Takht-Ravanchi made it clear that Iran would not accept a weak enrichment programme, while saying "we will not accept that our uranium enrichment programme becomes something like a toy". 2076:(CSIS), highlighted the view that the United States and other members of the P5+1, along with their attempts to limit Iran's breakout capability and to prevent it from getting even one nuclear device, should mainly focus "on reaching a full agreement that clearly denies Iran any ability to covertly create an effective nuclear force." 1826:

do not have a reprocessing plant, we do not intend, although it is our right, we will not forgo our right, but we do not intend to build a reprocessing plant." Salehi felt that the Western claims of concern about Iran developing nuclear weapons were not genuine, and that they were an excuse for applying political pressure on Iran.

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nuclear intentions. The British Government is satisfied with the convergence of UK and US policy on Iran and with a united front maintained by the P5+1 countries. It also assures that the agreement with Iran does not imply any diminution in the commitments to the alliances in the region and to the struggle against terrorism. The

2553:, the President announced: "Our diplomacy is at work with respect to Iran, where, for the first time in a decade, we've halted the progress of its nuclear program and reduced its stockpile of nuclear material." The accuracy of this statement has been challenged by some media sources. For example, based on experts' assessments 2747: 901:

with the Iranian Foreign Minister Secretary of State Kerry headed back to Washington where he will consult with President Barack Obama and Congress leaders. No decision on an extension of negotiations beyond the 20 July deadline has been taken yet. In order to continue talks a decision of each member of P5+1 is required.

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atomic bomb is not on our agenda," more recently he has said the use of nuclear weapons is forbidden, while saying nothing about their development. Kessler sums up by saying that even if one believes the Fatwa does exist, it appears to have changed over time, and refused to give a verdict on the truth of the matter.

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Obama in Washington in October 2014, Benjamin Netanyahu warned the U.S. President not to accept any Iran deal that would allow Tehran to become a "threshold nuclear power." Netanyahu's remark highlighted the long-standing disagreement between Israel and the Obama administration on the nuclear talks with Iran.

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On 4 January 2015 President of Iran Hassan Rouhani pointed out that the Iranians' cause was not connected to a centrifuge, but to their "heart and willpower". He added that Iran could not have sustainable growth while it was isolated. So he would like some economic reforms passed by referendum. These

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Iran insists that its nuclear program is "completely peaceful and has always been carrying out under supervision of the IAEA". Some analysts argue that "Iranian actions, including the evidence of work on weaponization, the development of long-range ballistic missiles, and the placement of the program

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reminded that according to the framework deal Iran "will implement an agreed set of measures to address the IAEA's concerns" about the PMD. It also reported that about two months ago Secretary Kerry told PBS that Iran had to disclose its past military-related nuclear activities and this "will be part

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On 14 October 2014 Iranian negotiators headed by the deputy foreign minister held a bilateral meeting with senior U.S. officials William Burns and U.S. Acting Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman in Vienna. Negotiators set the stage for the trilateral meeting with Secretary Kerry, Baroness Ashton,

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Prior to the signing of an interim nuclear agreement, it was commonly understood in Washington that Iran must "come clean about the possible military dimensions of its nuclear program," as Undersecretary Wendy Sherman testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 2011. The Iranians have

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Some analysts believe that the elements that they believe would together constitute an Iranian nuclear weapons program should be negotiated together — the negotiations would include not only Iranian fissile material discussions but also Iranian ballistic missile development and Iranian weaponization

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Al Jazeera reported in October 2014, that Iran wanted any agreement to last for at most 5 years while the United States prefers 20 years. The twenty years is viewed as a minimum amount of time to develop confidence that Iran can be treated as other non-nuclear weapon states and allow the IAEA enough

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said that the heavy water reactor of Arak was designed as a research reactor and not for plutonium production. It will produce about 9 kg of plutonium but not weapons-grade plutonium. Dr. Salehi explained that "if you want to use the plutonium of this reactor you need a reprocessing plant". "We

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Colin Kahl, former Deputy Assistant U.S. Secretary of Defense for the Middle East, estimated in May 2014 that Iran's stockpile was large enough to build 6 nuclear weapons and it had to be reduced. Constraints on Iran's uranium enrichment would reduce the chance that its nuclear program could be used

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U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif held three bilateral meetings in Geneva on 22 and 23 February 2015. The Associated Press reported progress on a deal that would freeze Iran's nuclear activities for at least 10 years and "ease restrictions on programs that

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The second round of the bilateral talks between representatives from the United States and Iran took place in Geneva on 4–5 September 2014. The negotiations consisted of 12 hours long political talks and 8 hours long expert talks. The third round of the bilateral talks between the two countries took

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Negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 resumed on 17 December 2014 in Geneva and lasted one day. No statements were issued after the closed-door talks either by the U.S. negotiating team or by EU spokesmen. Deputy foreign minister Araqchi said that it was agreed to continue the talks "next month" at

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At an IAEA meeting held on 20 November in Vienna the agency's Director General Yukiya Amano, referring to allegations related to Iran's engagement in weaponization activities, said that "Iran has not provided any explanations that enable the agency to clarify the outstanding practical measures." The

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Negotiating teams of Iran and the P5+1 held their 8th round of talks in Vienna on 16 October 2014. The meeting was led jointly by Foreign Minister Zarif and High Representative Ashton and the parties made an effort to sort out their differences. Ashton's spokesman stated: "Diplomatic efforts to find

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is interested in constructive relationship with Iran. For decades Iran has been regarded as a threat to the security of the UK and its regional partners in the Middle East and in the Persian Gulf. The UK believes that negotiations in Vienna are the most appropriate framework for coping with Iranian

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observed that the interim agreement "is just a step to create negotiation space; nothing more. It is not a viable longer term situation." Jeffrey Lewis observed that Obama's statement was an oversimplification, and that while Iran's stockpiles of the "most dangerous" nuclear materials had declined,

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Supporters of a deal with Iran have said that opponents do not offer a viable alternative, or that the only alternative is war. Netanyahu argued that the alternative to the deal currently being negotiated is a better deal, because, he said, Iran needs a deal more than the West does. Other opponents

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Opponents have countered that the proposed deal would concede to Iran a vast nuclear infrastructure, giving it the status of a threshold nuclear state. They argue that rivals such as Saudi Arabia would likely counter by becoming threshold nuclear states themselves, leading to an inherently unstable

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Thus, there have been two ongoing diplomatic tracks—one by the P5+1 to curb Iran's nuclear program and a second by the IAEA to resolve questions about the peaceful nature of Iran's past nuclear activities. Although the IAEA inquiry has been formally separate from JPA negotiations, Washington said a

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The fifth round of talks ended on 20 June 2014, "with substantial differences still remaining." The negotiating parties will meet again in Vienna on 2 July. Under Secretary Sherman noted after the talks that it was "still unclear" whether Iran would act "to ensure the world that its nuclear program

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told reporters that "the talks were serious and constructive but no progress has been made" and "we have not reached the point to start drafting the final agreement." The U.S. official emphasized that negotiations had been "very slow and difficult," saying talks would resume in June and all parties

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Fact checker Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post took a look at the Fatwa question. He notes that in Shiite tradition, oral and written opinions carry equal weight, so the lack of a written Fatwa is not necessarily dispositive. He also notes that while Khamenei said in 2005 that "production of an

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Evidence presented by the IAEA has shown that Iran has pursued all three of these elements: it has been enriching uranium for more than ten years and is constructing a heavy water reactor to produce plutonium, it has a well-developed ballistic missile program, and it has tested high explosives and

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quoted in 2014 a 2007 U.S. National Intelligence Estimate on Iran's nuclear capabilities and intentions stated: "We assess with high confidence that until fall 2003, Iranian military entities were working under government direction to develop nuclear weapons." Additionally the Estimate stated that

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Iran, the EU and the United States held two trilateral meetings at the foreign minister level in New York in September 2014. The U.S. Department of State has argued that there are points when it makes sense for the foreign ministers at the trilateral level to get together to talk. "In part because

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The round, held at the level of political directors of Iran and the P5+1, took place on 18 January 2015 following the four-day bilateral talks between the United States and Iran. EU political director Helga Schmid chaired the meetings. After the talks France's negotiator Nicolas de la Riviere told

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said: "It is now time for Iran to decide whether they want co-operation with the world community or stay in isolation." The European foreign ministers left Vienna the same day. The Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif said that the talks had "made some important headway." After three days of talks

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In an April 2015 interview with Thomas Friedman, President Obama stated that he is "absolutely committed to making sure that they (Israel) maintain their qualitative military edge, and that they can deter any potential future attacks, but what I'm willing to do is to make the kinds of commitments

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Yukiya Amano said that progress has been limited and two important practical measures, which should have been implemented by Iran two months ago, have still not been implemented. Mr. Amano stressed his commitment to work with Iran "to restore international confidence in the peaceful nature of its

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and expressed great concerns about the Arak nuclear reactor facility. "Now, we have strong feelings about what will happen in a final comprehensive agreement. From our point of view, Arak is unacceptable. You can't have a heavy-water reactor," he said. President Barack Obama, while addressing the

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pointed that the issues of Iran's enrichment programme, the schedule for sanction lifting and the future of the reactor in Arak were not settled and the subjects of inspection and transparency, duration of the agreement and some others were not completely agreed yet. Ryabkov expressed his opinion

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stated that "a bad deal is actually worse than no deal." He explained that allowing Iran to stockpile nuclear material or to preserve the capability of uranium enrichment in return for the presence of international inspectors would lead to a "catastrophic development". At his meeting with Barack

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said that Iran will not give IAEA inspectors access to Parchin military base. Yukiya Amano has noted previously that access to the Parchin base was essential for the Agency to be in position to certify Iran's nuclear programme as peaceful. Tehran was supposed to provide the IAEA with information

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The Belfer Center published recommendations for agreement provisions relating to monitoring and verification in order to prevent covert activities and to provide tools to react if needed. One of the sources warned the P5+1 that "if the monitoring elements that we recommend are not pursued now to

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The Brookings Institution suggested in March 2014 that if a single 20-year duration for all provisions of the agreement is too constraining, it would be possible to agree on different durations for different provisions. Some provisions could have short duration, and others could be longer. A few

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the United States and its P5+1 partners shifted away from zero enrichment to a limited enrichment objective. Additionally, they have determined that the comprehensive solution will "have a specified long-term duration to be agreed upon" and once it has expired, Iran's nuclear program will not be

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After arriving in Vienna on 20 November 2014 John Kerry met for more than two hours with Mohammad Zarif and Catherine Ashton. It was not reported whether they made any headway. Zarif said that the nuclear issue was a symptom, not a cause, of mistrust and struggle. Zarif also emphasized on mutual

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On 15 October 2014 Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton and Secretary of State John Kerry have met again, this time in Vienna. A senior U.S. Department of State official said at a briefing with reporters that the parties were focused on the 24 November

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The 10th round of nuclear negotiations and the 1st extension of the Joint Plan of Action ended on 24 November, failing to reach agreement. They agreed to extend the Joint Plan of Action for the second time with a new deadline for a comprehensive deal set to 1 July 2015. British foreign secretary

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In his speech presented to a joint session of the U.S. Congress on 3 March 2015, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the negotiated deal was bad because of its two major concessions: leaving Iran with a vast nuclear program and lifting the restrictions on that program in about a

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In November 2013 Iran and the IAEA have signed a Joint Statement on a Framework for Cooperation committing both parties to resolve all present and past issues. In the same month the P5+1 and Iran have signed the Joint Plan of Action, which aimed to develop a long-term comprehensive solution for

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and lasted one hour. At the meeting, Iranian deputy foreign ministers Abbas Araqchi and Majid Takht Ravanchi exchanged views with their counterparts from the P5+1. The round, chaired by former EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, was scheduled to brief the P5+1 members on Kerry and Zarif's

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and other senior officials. After the visit Iranian media criticized the IAEA while reporting that President Rouhani and the head of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran Salehi both tried "to make the IAEA chief Mr. Amano understand that there is an endpoint to Iran's flexibility." The same week

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The implementation of interim Geneva Accord has involved transparency measures and enhanced monitoring to ensure the peaceful nature of Iran's nuclear program. It was agreed that the IAEA will be "solely responsible for verifying and confirming all nuclear-related measures, consistent with its

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reaffirmed "that Iran shall cooperate fully with the IAEA on all outstanding issues, particularly those which give rise to concerns about the possible military dimensions of the Iranian nuclear program, including by providing access without delay to all sites, equipment, persons and documents

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Michael Singh argued "that Iran should be required to cease elements of its ballistic-missile and space-launch programs as part of a nuclear accord." This question was off the table since Iran's Supreme Leader has insisted that Iran's missile program is off-limits in the negotiations and P5+1

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report released during this round the conversion of LEU has not been started yet. This means that Iran's LEU stockpile "is almost certainly continuing to increase for the time being, simply because its production of the material has not stopped, unlike that of the 20 percent uranium gas."

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Two weeks after the Geneva interim deal was achieved, President Barack Obama disclosed in an interview that while taking office, he decided to "reach out to Iran" and open up a diplomatic channel. He emphasized: "the best way for us to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapons is for a

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will be permitted the use of modern technologies and will have announced access through agreed procedures. Iran will take part in international cooperation in the field of civilian nuclear energy including supply of power and research reactors as well as nuclear safety and security.

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decade. "It doesn't block Iran's path to the bomb; it paves Iran's path to the bomb," said the Prime Minister. Netanyahu also urged the leaders of the world "not to repeat the mistakes of the past" and expressed his commitment that "if Israel has to stand alone, Israel will stand."

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reported that it was also unclear whether the framework, if reached in March, would be a detailed document or a vague one. The sides were divided on some crucial issues and Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei said he wanted no written agreement until all details were settled.

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On 6 April, Obama said, referring to the time after the deal has run its course, "What is a more relevant fear would be that in year 13, 14, 15, they have advanced centrifuges that enrich uranium fairly rapidly, and at that point the breakout times would have shrunk almost down to

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In September 2014 the IAEA reported about ongoing reconstructions at Parchin military base. The Agency has anticipated that these activities will further undermine its ability to conduct effective verification if and when this location would be open for inspection. A month later,

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The United States and its allies view Iran's ballistic missiles as a subject for the talks on a comprehensive agreement since they regard it as a part of Iran's potential nuclear threat. Members of Iran's negotiating team in Vienna insisted the talks will not focus on this issue.

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that a comprehensive agreement between the P5+1 and Iran will require no ratification. "We are negotiating a binding document, but under a generally recognized doctrine international political liabilities are equated with legal," he said and admitted that some resolutions of the

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In 2015, a report in the Sunday Times quoted unnamed senior U.S. officials asserting that Saudi Arabia had made the decision to buy a nuclear weapon from Pakistan, due to anger among Sunni Arab states at the Iran deal, which they feared would allow Iran to get a nuclear weapon.

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deadline and had not discussed an extension of the talks. The negotiators were working on a full agreement – the understandings and the annexes to them. "This is a situation where unless you have the detail, you do not know that you have the agreement," explained the official.

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bilateral nuclear consultations between the U.S. and Iranian officials were to take place "in the context of the P5+1 nuclear negotiations". The talks were held on 7 August 2014 in Geneva and only few details were provided. The U.S. delegation, led by Deputy Secretary of State

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On 16 June 2015 U.S. Secretary John Kerry told reporters that the possible military dimensions problem was a little distorted, since the U.S. was "not fixated on Iran specifically accounting for what they did" and the U.S. had "absolute knowledge" with respect to this issue.

1640:. Iran's foreign minister has rejected as "unacceptable" President Barack Obama's demand to freeze sensitive nuclear activities for at least 10 years, saying "Iran will not accept excessive and illogical demands." After the talks, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry flew to 934:

on the status of the talks. At her testimony on 29 July 2014 she said: "We made tangible progress in key areas, including Fordow, Arak, and IAEA access. However, critical gaps still exist...." Republicans and Democrats have insisted that a final agreement be put to a vote.

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Michael Singh argued in October 2013, that there were two distinct paths to deal with Iran's nuclear program: complete dismantling or allowing limited activities while preventing Iran from a nuclear "breakout capability", also echoed by Colin H. Kahl, as published by the

1845:, the most troubling part of the Geneva interim agreement has been the "long-term duration" clause. This provision means that when the duration expires, "the Iranian nuclear program will be treated in the same manner as that of any non-nuclear weapon state party" to the 2469:

deterrence as the remedy to the challenge of states acquiring nuclear weapons. Another assumption of the administration is that the Iranian regime is "rational" and hence deterrable. Dr. Shmuel Bar, former Director of Studies at the Institute of Policy and Strategy in

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Opponents such as Schultz, Kissinger, and Netanyahu are skeptical of promises of cooperation. Netanyahu argued that Iran's "tentacles of terror" were threatening Israel, and an Iranian nuclear bomb would "threaten the survival of my country." He pointed to tweets from

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held a bilateral meeting. Both sides intended to begin drafting a final agreement, but made little progress. A senior U.S. official said "We are just at the beginning of the drafting process and we have a significant way to go," while Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister

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calling for the destruction of Israel. He said that any agreement with Iran should include an end of Iranian aggression against its neighbors and recognition of Israel. For their part, Schultz and Kissinger note a lack of evidence of Iranian cooperation to date.

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that the framework agreed on in April, 2015 would end any doubt that Iran's nuclear program is peaceful. Zarif also argued that a deal would open the way to regional cooperation based on respect for sovereignty and noninterference in the affairs of other states.

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responded to Western expectations on limits to Iran's missile program by saying that "hey expect us to limit our missile program while they constantly threaten Iran with military action. So this is a stupid, idiotic expectation." He then called on the country's

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The Atlantic Council also stated that "monitoring warhead production is far more difficult than taking stock" of ballistic missiles and the US government is far less good at detecting advanced centrifuges or covert facilities for manufacturing nuclear warheads.

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Negotiations resumed in Vienna on 18 November 2014 with participation of Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif, EU chief negotiator Catherine Ashton, and foreign ministry officials. The talks were supposed to continue until the 24 November 2014 deadline.

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House of Representatives and Senate, emphasized that "these negotiations do not rely on trust; any long-term deal we agree to must be based on verifiable action that convinces us and the international community that Iran is not building a nuclear bomb."

1332:, explained his idea about the negotiations. He neither accepted nor rejected the framework deal and stated that: "nothing has happened yet." About sanctions, he proclaimed all sanctions must be completely lifted on the day of the nuclear deal is signed. 5303: 805:"World powers and Iran have agreed to hold a new round of nuclear talks in Vienna on April 7–9 after two days of "substantive" discussions in Vienna on Tehran's contested work, European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton said on Wednesday." 549:

under a framework deal. These details were to be negotiated by the end of June 2015. On 30 June the negotiations on a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action were extended under the Joint Plan of Action until 7 July 2015. The agreement was signed in

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estimated on 1 June 2015 that Iran's stockpile of nuclear fuel increased by about 20 percent during the last 18 months of negotiations, "partially undercutting the Obama administration's contention that the Iranian program had been 'frozen'".

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Secretary of State John Kerry, after meeting British and Omani foreign ministers in London and Saudi and French foreign ministers in Paris, was to arrive in Vienna for talks with Zarif and Ashton. Kerry's meetings with French Foreign Minister

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Wrapping-up the sixth round the Foreign Minister Zarif said that the achieved progress convinced the sides to extend their talks and the ultimate deadline would be 25 November. He also expressed the hope that the new British foreign secretary

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and other Western foreign ministers arrived at Vienna to break a deadlock in the nuclear talks with Iran, but their joint efforts failed to advance the negotiations. "There has been no breakthrough today," said British Foreign Secretary

2510:"They're trying to develop nuclear weapons. There is no sensible explanation for the extent, the money, the talent they've devoted to their nuclear thing, other than that they want a nuclear weapon. It can't be explained any other way." 2016:

president David Albright commented on Iran's reaction to this report: "the Iranian government continues to dissemble and stonewall the inspectors and remains committed to severely weakening IAEA safeguards and verification in general."

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fixation on a single threat "that led to fatal neglect of alternatives". They pointed out at least three additional paths to obtain such material: Covert make, covert buy and hybrid pathway (a combination of overt and covert paths).

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The sixth round of nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 group started in Vienna on 2 July 2014. The parties are headed by Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and the EU's foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton.

6501: 255: 6170: 4219: 8184: 8462: 8337: 1215:, between the foreign ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, France, China, the European Union and Islamic Republic of Iran. On 2 April the talks ended and a joint press conference was held by 1602:

the negotiators had worked intensively to draft a joint document called the 'Principles of Agreement'. The document was an element of the framework agreement between Iran and P5+1, which was to be completed by March 2015.

10691: 6206: 1745:. Shortly before the comprehensive negotiations began, Iran was estimated to have 19,000 centrifuges installed, mostly first generation IR-1 machines, with about 10,000 of them operating to increase the concentration of 2009: 8655: 5365: 545:, completed on 2 April 2015, Iran agreed tentatively to accept significant restrictions on its nuclear program, all of which would last for at least a decade and some longer, and to submit to an increased intensity of 2187:

Since 2002, the IAEA has become concerned and noted in its reports that some elements of Iran's nuclear program could be used for military purposes. More detailed information about suspected weaponization aspects of

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added at the talks, to joke, that nobody should ever threaten a Russian too. The earlier reports showed that during one heated exchange Javad Zarif shouted at his opposite negotiators: "Never threaten an Iranian!".

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On 15 to 16 December 2014 the U.S. and Iranian delegations met in Geneva to prepare for the multilateral talks, led by Wendy Sherman and Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi. A member of Tehran's team told

5293: 3001: 2259:, the IAEA Director General, Iran had stopped answering the Agency's questions about suspected past weaponization issues. Iran has argued that what has been described as evidence is fabricated. In his speech at 7934: 5237: 2055:, former U.S. Secretary of State, stated in his 2014 book: "The best—perhaps the only—way to prevent the emergence of a nuclear weapons capability is to inhibit the development of a uranium-enrichment process. 5401: 7818: 3325: 1812: 1758: 8870: 4189: 7521: 3220: 8310: 4601: 9897: 852:

was strictly meant for peaceful purposes." Foreign Minister Zarif said the United States was making unreasonable demands of Iran, saying "the United States must take the most difficult decisions."

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About 14 months after the Geneva interim agreement was signed, Obama reiterated his assessment that the chances to "get a diplomatic deal are probably less than 50/50." Shortly afterwards, in his

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said on 3 April 2015, "any promises we give will be within framework of our national interests and we will live up to our promises provided that the opposite side abides by its promises as well."

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The first round of negotiations was held at the UN's center in Vienna from 18 to 20 February 2014. A timetable and framework for negotiating a comprehensive agreement was achieved, according to

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and that went into effect on 20 January 2014. The parties agreed to extend their talks with a first extension deadline on 24 November 2014 and a second extension deadline set to 1 July 2015.

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seeking to bridge differences on a comprehensive nuclear agreement. Officials from all delegations have abstained from briefing reporters. The talks ended without an imminent breakthrough.

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Representatives of Iran and the P5+1 met on 22 February 2015 at the EU mission in Geneva. Nicolas de la Riviere said after the meeting: "It was constructive, we will know results later."

232: 6491: 1849:. Thus, once the comprehensive agreement expires, Iran will be able to "install an unlimited number of centrifuges and produce plutonium without violating any international accord." The 11390: 9054: 5045: 2164:(ICBMs), whose 4,000 kilometers range places Europe and the United States at risk. This demand did not apply to ballistic missiles, whose range of 2,100 km covers any point in the 534:, officially titled the Joint Plan of Action (JPA). The Geneva agreement was an interim deal, in which Iran agreed to roll back parts of its nuclear program in exchange for relief from 9401: 8373: 5169: 4102: 2264:

nuclear programme". But he also warned: "this is not a never-ending process. It is very important that Iran fully implements the Framework for Cooperation - sooner rather than later."

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a venue to be decided. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov said that Arak heavy-water reactor and sanctions against Iran were the two key outstanding issues in the nuclear talks.

7746: 4460: 4211: 2513:"They give every indication, Mr Chairman, that they don't want a nuclear weapon for deterrence, they want a nuclear weapon to use it on Israel. So it's a very threatening situation." 1512:

about the ongoing negotiations, with both Republicans and Democrats expressing worries that the deal would not prevent Iran from getting the bomb. On 3 March, Israeli Prime Minister

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Iranian and IAEA officials met in Tehran on 16 and 17 August 2014 and discussed the five practical measures in the third step of the Framework for Cooperation agreed in May 2014.

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could be used to make atomic arms." After the talks Mohammad Zarif spoke about "a better understanding" between the parties and John Kerry said: "We made progress." The columnist

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Iran's nuclear enrichment capacity was the biggest stumbling block in the negotiations on a comprehensive agreement. Iran has the right to enrich uranium under article IV of the

1663:, signed by 47 Republican U.S. senators. After the talks a senior U.S. official told reporters it was not clear if the end-March deadline for a framework agreement could be met. 10058: 7158: 4041: 369: 10119: 8651: 5841: 5357: 4741: 3421: 1749:. The Iranians strive to expand their enrichment capacity by a factor of ten or more while the six powers aim to cut the number of centrifuges to no more than a few thousand. 4831: 3389: 7892: 7768: 7485: 3517: 1434:

Reduction in the number of installed centrifuges from 19,000 to 6,104, of which only 5,060 will enrich uranium. No deployment of advanced centrifuges for the next 10 years.

1188: 9767: 9097: 8629: 8488: 8254: 8127: 7036: 6243: 3801: 8913: 8514: 7991: 5809: 5549: 5200: 2192:—the possible military dimensions (PMD)—has been provided in the IAEA reports issued in May 2008 and November 2011. The file of Iran's PMD issues included development of 1733:

has required Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment program. For many years the United States held that no enrichment program should be permitted in Iran. In signing the

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Two rounds of bilateral negotiations between Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif and Secretary of State John Kerry occurred on 6 and 8 February 2015 on the sidelines of the

909:"will adopt a constructive diplomacy" towards Iran. Several sources reported that all parties were prepared to extend negotiations but extension faced opposition in the 3009: 2179:

has expressed belief that Iran's missile program and its ICBM capability, as well as what he described as Iran's support of the terrorism, should also be on the table.

1581:, participating in a panel, said: "Any deal will have to be struck between Washington and Tehran and then ratified by the P5+1 and ultimately the UN Security Council". 12116: 10873: 10713: 7922: 5432: 5223: 4317: 4132: 1168: 8572: 7143: 6383: 4658: 11522: 11179: 10624: 8214: 6004: 5391: 2458:

requiring Iran to suspend its sensitive nuclear proliferation activities, Iran has continued to violate its international obligations regarding its nuclear program.

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Under Secretary of State Wendy Sherman, testifying before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, said that a good deal will be one that cuts off Iran's uranium,

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Secretary of State John Kerry, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif and former EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton have held talks on 9–10 November 2014 in

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On 9 April, Rouhani said, "We will not sign any deal unless on the very first day of its implementation all economic sanctions against Iran are lifted all at once".

11405: 11311: 7865: 7077: 6698: 5621: 4408: 3736: 3666: 3581: 1047:(ISJ) presented its 100-page investigation report and claimed that Iran was hiding its nuclear military program inside a civil program. The report was endorsed by 913:. Republicans and Democrats in Congress made it clear that they view a prolongation of the talks as allowing Iran to play for time. The Republican chairman of the 794:

Diplomats from the six nations, Ashton, and Zarif met again in Vienna on 17 March 2014. A series of further negotiations were to be held before the July deadline.

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Obama has argued that failure of the negotiations would increase the chance of a military confrontation between the United States and Iran. In an interview with

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In its Nuclear Posture Review in April 2010 the United States has stated that in Asia and the Middle East – where there were no military alliances analogous to

9141: 2338: 7181: 6981: 5131:"Senior State Department Official On the trilateral meeting with Secretary Kerry, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton, and Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif" 4185: 11883: 11532: 7964: 7685: 7211: 5877: 4011: 3291: 3217: 3183: 2975: 1998: 9284: 9007: 8302: 7511: 4984: 11948: 10868: 9250: 4597: 1220: 6133: 3040: 2894: 1596:

Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif met with Secretary of State John Kerry on 14 January 2015 in Geneva and on 16 January 2015 in Paris. According to

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metric "as a substitute for limiting the number of centrifuges is nothing more than sleight of hand." He has also quoted former U.S. Secretary of State

1243:, Iran's enrichment capacity, enrichment level and stockpile will be limited for specific durations and there will be no other enrichment facility than 955:

and Secretary of State John Kerry and his counterparts were given the opportunity to join the talks. The talks were planned to last until 26 September.

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has come to the conclusion that between 2013 and 2014 the amount of nuclear material, which could be converted by Iran to a bomb, has been increased.

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situation with multiple rival near-nuclear powers. They argue that such a situation would heighten the risk of war and even the risk of nuclear war.

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commented on the leaked "sunset clause" that an agreement, containing this and other concessions to Iran, will mean "the end of nonproliferation."

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that he is determined to stop Iran from getting a nuclear weapon and that the United States would not accept a bad deal. However, an editorial in

8711: 7037:"Summary of Technical Understandings Related to the Implementation of the Joint Plan of Action on the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program" 2443: 2209: 2145: 2089: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1730: 426: 361: 10348: 10034: 5102: 3207: 12086: 11336: 11316: 11286: 11174: 10775: 10770: 10706: 10631: 10582: 9866: 9713: 3861: 2073: 821: 395: 9044: 8096: 6966: 6352: 5485: 5037: 4253: 920:

said he hoped "the administration will finally engage in robust discussions with Congress about preparing additional sanctions against Iran".

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The ministers of foreign affairs of China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union debate with

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have argued that a war is in fact the best option for the West, as, they say, sanctions have historically failed to stop nuclear programs.

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Negotiations between the P5+1 and Iran over Iran's nuclear program were resumed on 19 September 2014. They started on the sidelines of the

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have been accompanied by an extensive debate over whether or not such an agreement is a good idea. Prominent supporters include President

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testified on 12 March 2013, that Iran's ballistic missiles were capable of delivering WMD. According to some analysts, the liquid-fueled

1200: 1112: 542: 375: 346: 10507:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 10269:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 10196:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 9426: 7334:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 6893:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 6601:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 5651: 5462: 5138: 4805: 4624: 4491: 3943: 3611: 3125: 1172:

The ministers of foreign affairs of the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, France, China, the European Union and Iran (

1144: 12121: 11958: 11943: 11908: 11878: 11643: 11507: 11348: 9512: 8936: 8845: 4767: 4710: 2455: 140: 10069: 8745: 4033: 12096: 12057: 11517: 11301: 11189: 11035: 10699: 10555: 10222: 10130: 10065: 9799: 7814: 7481: 7013: 6903: 3857: 2149: 1959: 1910:, using declared facilities, sneak out of the treaty, using covert facilities and buy a weapon from another nation or rogue faction. 1521: 267: 9486: 6038: 5831: 4733: 3411: 3381: 1561:, national security advisor to Vice President Joe Biden. The Iranian delegation included Deputy Foreign Ministers Abbas Araqchi and 12076: 11928: 8280: 8262: 6528: 4827: 1903: 1850: 1757:. The measures that would lengthen breakout timelines include "limits on the number, quality and/or output of centrifuges". Former 1573:, the United States had turned negotiations into a series of bilateral talks between the two countries that "race to seal a deal". 1310:. To endorse the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), a new UN Security Council resolution will be approved that terminates 816:

This fourth round of Vienna negotiations ended on 16 May 2014. The Iranian and U.S. delegations headed by Iranian Foreign Minister

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picture was posted on social media by some Iranian users during the talks, after Javad Zarif's phrase "Never threaten an Iranian".

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newspaper claimed that the president did not know Iran as the Saudis did, and could not convince them that Iran will be peaceful.

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Reduce stockpile of enriched uranium from current 10,000 to not more than 300 kilograms 3.67 percent enrich uranium for 15 years.

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on 13 July 2014 after meetings with the foreign ministers of the United States, France, Germany and Iran. German foreign minister

41:

Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

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From 2–4 March 2015, Iran and U.S. foreign ministers with their teams continued the bilateral nuclear talks in the Swiss city of

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On 16 March 2015, another bilateral meeting between Iran's Foreign Minister Zarif and US Secretary of State Kerry took place in

11638: 11492: 11221: 11100: 11003: 10795: 10785: 10433: 9246: 8541: 6532: 2592: 1297: 10579:"The P5+1 and Iranian Joint Plan of Action on the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program: Assessing the Details and Risks" 6806: 6449: 11985: 11373: 11343: 9747: 9725: 9691: 9547: 6845: 2025:

There are many steps toward nuclear weapons. However, an effective nuclear weapons capability has only three major elements:

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successful IAEA investigation should be part of any final deal and that may be unlikely by the deadline of 24 November 2014.

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Natanz, Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant (PFEP) — LEU production, and research and development facility, 702 installed centrifuges

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were considered critical. After his Paris talks with Kerry Saudi Foreign Minister was due to meet Russian Foreign Minister

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Joint Plan of Action has not explicitly addressed the future status of Iran's ballistic missile program. According to the

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and Iran's research and development on centrifuges will be carried out based on a mutually agreed framework. A modernized

11164: 10998: 9003: 8841: 5611: 1768:, published by the Arms Control Association, that attempts to overcome the impasse over centrifuges by using a malleable 1312: 1228: 1196: 712: 446: 419: 283: 10249: 7869: 6687: 5961: 3728: 3358: 12091: 11933: 11795: 11450: 10878: 10513: 10275: 10202: 8058: 7340: 6962: 6932: 6899: 6866: 6607: 6239: 5267: 4346: 4071: 2937: 2436: 2288: 2161: 1931: 1878: 1819: 1754: 1305: 1287: 461: 212: 171: 161: 135: 10483: 2132:

A few days before 15 May, date when the next round of the negotiations was scheduled, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah

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The Belfer Center also quotes William Tobey, former Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the

1830: 1545: 56: 8236: 3769: 1286:, will be done based on a set of measures. To clarify past and present issues regarding Iran's nuclear program, the 12106: 11281: 11169: 11135: 11040: 10729: 10668: 10533: 8149: 7675: 7189: 5867: 5014: 4546:"Joint Statement by EU High Representative Federica Mogherini and Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif Switzerland" 3921: 3765: 2588: 1877:(FFEP) were constructed covertly and designed to operate in a similar manner. In September 2009, Iran notified the 75: 8974: 7956: 7311: 7219: 6740: 5742: 5424: 4309: 4283: 4003: 1992:, Director General of the IAEA, made a one-day visit to Tehran on 17 August and held talks with President of Iran 1211:

Negotiations for an Iran nuclear deal framework were a series of intensive talks from 26 March to 2 April 2015 in

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Negotiations between Iran and the P5+1 began in 2006, to assure the P5+1 world powers that Iran would not develop

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Doubts have been cast by some experts from U.S. or Israeli-affiliated think tanks on either the existence of the

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According to policy documents published by the Obama administration, it believes in the efficacy of traditional

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After the meetings between Western foreign ministers and Iranian counterpart on 13 July 2014 Prime Minister of

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talks. Local media reported that some representatives of the parties remained in Muscat to continue the talks.

696:, and to assure Iran that its right to enrich nuclear fuel for civilian purposes under the third pillar of the 412: 10826: 9803: 9697: 7101: 4802:"Parameters for a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Regarding the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program" 4484:"Parameters for a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Regarding the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program" 4400: 3573: 1457: 1339:

said on 3 April 2015, that he did not like the framework and claims that the current plan of action threatens

1249: 1244: 742:, as the countries work towards a long-term agreement. Implementation of the agreement began 20 January 2014. 11226: 11154: 10831: 10154: 9239: 8432: 7708: 7242: 6694: 5326: 4913: 4155: 3674: 3055: 125: 10268: 9901: 9870: 9634: 5899: 5580: 5071: 4861: 3634: 3484: 2160:, the United States in its direct dialogue with Iran outside the P5+1 framework demanded to restrict Iran's 1680:

Mohammad Javad Zarif, John Kerry and Catherine Ashton at a trilateral meeting in New York, 26 September 2014

1516:

had addressed a joint session of Congress, outlining his reasons for opposing the deal. On 14 May 2015, the

1261: 11487: 11472: 11130: 10858: 10088: 9363: 7923:"354 House Members Express Concern about Iran's Refusal to Cooperate with International Nuclear Inspectors" 7648: 3891: 2168:. These medium-range missiles may also be nuclear and are capable of striking Israel, Saudi Arabia and the 2008:

On 19 February 2015 IAEA has released its quarterly safeguards report on Iran. While testifying before the

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Monitor the provisions of the JCPOA including implementation of the modified code 3.1 and provision of the

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will be redesigned and rebuilt with the assistance of an international joint venture that will not produce

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Some organizations have published lists of suspected nuclear-weaponization facilities in Iran. Below is a

11765: 11608: 11497: 11184: 10893: 5521: 1550: 1301: 640: 207: 120: 10195: 10114: 9762: 7769:"US accepts Shahab-3s in Iran's missile arsenal, but not long-range ICBMs. Deep resentment in Jerusalem" 3283: 3236: 3179: 3087: 2967: 1769: 12040: 12015: 11990: 11368: 11060: 11050: 9453: 9333: 9276: 9163: 9098:"Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Cameron of the United Kingdom in Joint Press Conference" 9085: 8240: 6578: 6436: 6414: 6327: 6308: 3981: 2554: 2117:

missile have the ability to carry a nuclear warhead. Iran's ballistic missile program is controlled by

1622: 1578: 1482: 1390: 571: 106: 35: 10484:"Solving the Iranian Nuclear Puzzle: Toward a Realistic and Effective Comprehensive Nuclear Agreement" 1792:

and covert pathways to obtain nuclear weapons. Secretary of State John Kerry has testified before the

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will operate not more than 1,000 centrifuges for research. 5,000 IR-1 centrifuges will be running at

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Catherine Ashton and Javad Zarif in final news conference; The negotiation was described as "useful".

579: 10194: 3853: 2373:, Obama argued that an agreement would be the best chance to ease tensions between the US and Iran. 1881:

about constructing the Fordow facility only after it and Natanz were revealed by other sources. The

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conducted negotiations with Zarif and Wendy Sherman joined the talks at the end the last meeting.

700:, to which it is a party, was respected. During the period of negotiation, the United States, the 11244: 10981: 10966: 10538: 9717: 9168:"Obama's claim that Iran's nuclear program has been 'halted' and its nuclear stockpile 'reduced'" 7680: 7590: 3545: 2085: 1593:

that uranium enrichment and how to remove sanctions were sticking points in the bilateral talks.

1240: 897: 735: 653: 586: 524: 83: 10505: 9790: 8459:"Dem Sen. Menendez: Obama Statements on Iran "Sound Like Talking Points Straight Out Of Tehran"" 7374:"Testimony of David Albright before U.S. House Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa" 6928: 3823: 3061: 2446:

has been "particularly and exceptionally concerned" about Iran's failure to address the risk of

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John Kerry and Mohammad Javad Zarif conduct a bilateral meeting in Vienna, Austria, 14 July 2014

12020: 11903: 11552: 11542: 11415: 11065: 10976: 10971: 10956: 10559: 8794: 6862: 5517:"Kerry arrives in Saudi Arabia to ease Gulf Arab concerns on Iran nuclear talks, discuss Yemen" 2871: 2315:, President Obama cited Khamenei's purported Fatwa "that they will not have a nuclear weapon." 910: 739: 535: 380: 10661: 10598:"Defining Iranian Nuclear Programs in a Comprehensive Solution under the Joint Plan of Action" 7792: 7790: 6069: 4545: 3117: 12081: 11938: 11888: 11760: 11467: 11462: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11400: 11159: 11105: 10375: 10007: 7930: 6929:"IAEA and Iran Conclude Talks in Connection with Implementation of Framework for Cooperation" 6166: 5643: 5454: 5130: 4801: 4483: 3951: 3603: 2664: 2628: 2260: 917: 315: 9970: 9508: 8834: 4763: 4706: 4212:"Iranian Regime has Concealed its Nuclear Military Project at the Center of a Civil Program" 2277:

Debate over whether or not Khamenei issued a Fatwa against the production of nuclear weapons

11860: 11331: 11321: 11115: 10888: 10816: 10620: 10574: 9705: 9367: 8737: 7787: 7215: 7185: 4950: 3977: 3887: 2386: 2072:, a former Pentagon official and a holder of the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the 1570: 1562: 1472:

facility will be modified so as to produce a minimal amount of plutonium but will remain a

1272: 1224: 1192: 1059:, a professor in nuclear physics and the former Vice-President of the European Parliament. 859:

into an oxide powder that is not suitable for further enrichment. According to the monthly

817: 664: 616: 602: 303: 202: 9079: 7833: 6027: 2521:

the talks were based on the "guidelines of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution".

8: 11095: 10946: 10790: 10596: 10506: 10115: 10022: 9949: 9763: 9638: 9482: 9172: 8259:

The center for preserving and publishing the works of Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Khamenei

6892: 6584: 6496: 6404: 6379: 6201: 5999: 5966: 5396: 5387: 5298: 3914:"Russia satisfied with Vienna round of P5+1-Iran talks - Russian deputy foreign minister" 2790: 2447: 2432: 1808: 1630: 1473: 1257: 763: 91: 10223:"The Iranian Nuclear Programme: Practical Parameters for a Credible Long-Term Agreement" 8276: 7556: 7554: 5103:"Uranium Enrichment, Sanctions Lifting on Vienna Talks Agenda: Iranian Foreign Minister" 1861:

time to verify that Iran is fully compliant with all its non-proliferation obligations.

441: 12005: 11980: 11815: 11790: 11775: 11750: 11740: 11690: 11655: 11537: 11512: 11090: 10941: 10313: 9983: 9954: 9945: 9608: 9212: 8023: 7516: 6782: 6746: 6559: 6472: 6321: 5872: 5773: 4887: 4883: 2767: 2647: 2546: 2428: 2391: 2346: 2326:

also declared that the United States created the myth nuclear weapons in order to show

2251: 1969: 1513: 1490: 1440: 1336: 1293: 1216: 1184: 1014:

P5+1 Ministers and Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif in Vienna, Austria, 24 November 2014.

325: 21: 7475:"P5+1 Nuclear Negotiations with Iran and Their Implications for United States Defense" 6430: 6408: 6302: 4513: 3696: 3443: 855:

Under the Geneva interim agreement Iran agreed to convert some of its up to 5 percent

11660: 11580: 11395: 11201: 10961: 10931: 10848: 10457: 10339: 9822: 9721: 9687: 8908: 8334:"Did Iran's supreme leader issue a Fatwa against the development of nuclear weapons?" 7551: 7451: 6844:

sfn error: no target: CITEREFTehran's_Compliance_with_International_Obligations (

6752: 6716: 6655:"Testimony before the House Armed Service Committee on the Iran Nuclear Negotiations" 6160:"Preventing a nuclear-armed Iran: Requirements for a Comprehensive Nuclear Agreement" 5764: 5616: 5228: 4598:"Iran's supreme leader just gave a speech that could put a nuclear deal out of reach" 4373: 2759: 2201: 2069: 716: 320: 10441: 8537: 7566: 7512:"No indication at all of Iranian reversal on nuclear ambitions, expert tells 'Post'" 6524: 2595:

expressed opinion that the comprehensive agreement should include the issues of the

2010:

United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa

1315:, and incorporate certain restrictive measures for a mutually agreed period of time. 704:

and others imposed some sanctions on Iran, which have been referred to by President

12033: 12010: 12000: 11973: 11968: 11918: 11913: 11825: 11745: 11623: 11455: 11259: 11231: 10993: 10843: 10811: 10298: 10217: 10126: 9771: 9537: 9397: 9203: 8940: 7105: 6798: 6426: 5903: 5553: 5458: 5361: 5263: 5233: 5165: 5041: 4098: 4067: 3947: 3607: 3349:"Iran: World powers 'unrealistic' in demands over nuclear program, big gaps remain" 3036: 3005: 2651: 2059: 1894:, and Oren Setter, a research fellow at Belfer Center, compared this approach with 1822: 1726: 1614: 1494: 976: 837: 776: 772: 682: 472: 330: 310: 8055:"Challenges in Nuclear Verification: The IAEA's Role on the Iranian Nuclear Issue" 6839: 1934:

inspected Iran's nuclear facilities several times annually since 2007, publishing

1895: 1857:

constraints, like enhanced monitoring at specific facilities, could be permanent.

1713: 11725: 11705: 11680: 11670: 11264: 11194: 11140: 11008: 10399: 10395: 9791:

Bipartisan Group of American Diplomats, Legislators, and Experts (24 June 2015).

9673: 9433: 9199: 8014: 6764: 6629: 5863: 4737: 4464: 3243: 3224: 3211: 2917: 2898: 2838: 2370: 2350: 2197: 2052: 2001: 1906:, as outlining the possible ways to nuclear weapons as follows: Break out of the 1773: 1765: 1528: 1394: 10247: 9976: 9025: 8595:"Iran's Zarif: It's time for US to choose between cooperation and confrontation" 7979: 7845: 6457: 4377: 11840: 11835: 11650: 11120: 10529: 10340: 10169: 10000:"367 House Members Send Letter on Iran Nuclear Negotiations to President Obama" 9920: 9102: 9049: 7369: 7131: 7041: 5678: 5289: 2583: 2451: 2304: 2122: 2118: 1993: 1982: 1887: 1742: 1386: 1107:

Negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework, 26 March to 2 April 2015, Lausanne

1048: 1028: 1024: 971: 906: 705: 701: 693: 676: 637:

Reactor) — 40MWt heavy water reactor (under construction, no electrical output)

520: 508: 288: 10087: 7796: 7065: 6728: 3318:"'Sticker shock' meeting: Wide gaps as negotiators start drafting Iran accord" 2793:

claimed that Zarif warned "West" to "Never threaten an Iranian" at that time.

562: 12070: 11810: 11785: 11780: 11735: 11730: 11720: 11715: 11695: 11675: 10734: 10344: 10218: 10054: 9841: 9683: 8875: 8255:"Supreme Leader's Message to International Conference on Nuclear Disarmament" 6268: 4786:

Solomon, Jay; Carol E. Lee (3 April 2015). "Iran Agrees to Outline of Deal".

4007: 3348: 2782: 2562: 2499: 2380: 2354: 2176: 2106: 1761: 1558: 1554: 1444: 1322: 1265: 1052: 1032: 893: 829: 824: 512: 7811:"Background on the 'Possible Military Dimensions' of Iran's Nuclear Program" 7402: 6028:"Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations" 5259: 4655:"Netanyahu tells Obama Iran deal threatens Israel; to convene top ministers" 4625:"Iran's Supreme Leader Says Sanctions Must Lift When Nuclear Deal Is Signed" 4401:"Iran, powers make 'limited' progress at nuclear talks, to meet in February" 4342: 4063: 3067: 2746: 1759:

Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs

1376:

Develop a mechanism to restore old sanctions if Iran fails to comply as per

11898: 11830: 11800: 11700: 10314: 10174:"Testimony of David Albright before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs" 9929: 9509:"PM: Iran must commit to recognizing Israel's right to exist in final deal" 8303:"Ayatollah Ali Khamenei accuses US of creating Iran nuclear weapons 'myth'" 8050: 7243:"IAEA report expected to show little headway in Iran nuclear investigation" 6821: 5836: 5294:"Transcript: Iran foreign minister's remarks at Munich Security Conference" 4707:"PM: Iran must commit to recognizing Israel's right to exist in final deal" 4469: 3639: 3512: 2901:, Paris School of Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, Mimeo 2620: 2612: 2454:. In 2014 Iran remained a state of proliferation concern. Despite multiple 2401: 2358: 2342: 2323: 2296: 2256: 2169: 2133: 1989: 1693: 1610: 1585:

and Foreign Minister Zarif, that was supposed to be convened the next day.

1524:, giving Congress the right to review whatever agreement might be reached. 1486: 1329: 1148: 995: 719:

of Rouhani, who is described by the western media as a political moderate.

351: 298: 293: 10625:"The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II: The Missile and Nuclear Dimensions" 10553: 7618:"TEXT-Executive Summary of U.N. Panel of Experts report on Iran sanctions" 7422: 7136:"Expert on Iran's nuclear program David Albright in an interview with PBS" 6478: 4764:"Iran: No signing final nuclear deal unless economic sanctions are lifted" 2208:

for missiles and other kinds of developments, calculations and tests. The

1853:

stated in May 2014 "clearly will only be a long-term interim agreement".

1685:

the majority of the sanctions are EU and US, the trilateral makes sense."

11923: 11850: 11820: 11805: 11770: 10853: 9898:

Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education

9337: 7998:

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran - 5 September 2014

7709:"U.N. nuclear watchdog, Iran to meet before 15 May deadline for progress" 7165:

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran - 5 September 2014

7004:

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran - 5 September 2014

5425:"Kerry visits Riyadh to soothe fears of stronger Iran under nuclear deal" 5106: 5067: 4215: 3761: 3149:"World powers reach nuclear deal with Iran to freeze its nuclear program" 3088:"Rouhani calls sanctions against Iran illegal and crime against humanity" 2824: 2165: 1915: 1746: 1645: 1574: 1517: 1509: 780: 10369: 10290: 9710:

The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II: The Missile and Nuclear Dimensions

8153: 7560: 6525:"Preventing Iranian Nuclear Weapons—Beyond the "Comprehensive Solution"" 6104: 5868:"Americans and Iranians See Constraints at Home in Nuclear Negotiations" 4914:"Iran says bilateral talks with US "useful" in tackling sticking points" 3913: 2832: 2035:

Design, weaponization, miniaturization, and survivability of the warhead

967:

a resolution to the Iranian nuclear issue are now in a critical phase".

711:

The broad outlines of a deal seem to have been clear for some time. The

11845: 11665: 11613: 11378: 10030: 8966: 8084: 7303: 7277: 6492:"The Post's View: Final Iran deal needs to balance out the concessions" 6340: 5734: 5196: 5006: 4681:"Netanyahu to Obama: Iran deal would 'threaten the survival of Israel'" 4275: 4241: 3412:"Iran Acts to Eliminate Sensitive Uranium Stockpile Under Nuclear Deal" 3385: 3321: 3284:"U.S. warns 'time is short' as Iran nuclear talks make little progress" 2439:, he authorized talks with Iran in order to reach out to this country. 1919: 1598: 1469: 1276: 888: 630: 10372:"A Justified Extension for Iran Nuclear Talks, But Hard Choices Ahead" 9793:"Public Statement on U.S. Policy toward the Iran Nuclear Negotiations" 9371: 2857:

Aerospace Force of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution

1776:

saying "any enrichment will trigger an arms race in the Middle East."

12026: 10573: 9394:"Transcript of Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu's speech to Congress" 8678:"Report claims secret US-Iran talks laid groundwork for nuclear deal" 7893:"A Limited Disclosure Nuclear Agreement with Iran: Promise or Peril?" 7772: 7307: 7083: 6233:"Examining Nuclear Negotiations: Iran After Rouhani's First 100 Days" 4954: 4128: 3917: 3667:"West considers early sanctions moves in troubled Iran nuclear talks" 2751: 2427:

The United States and Iran cut off diplomatic ties in 1979 after the

2157: 1789: 1464:. The remaining 13,000 centrifuges will be used as spare, as needed. 1268: 1137: 9198: 8485:"War threat on Iran 'heightened' if nuclear talks fail, Obama warns" 7739:"Khamenei: Iran's Revolutionary Guards should mass produce missiles" 7304:"Iran, IAEA fail to agree on two issues of Tehran's nuclear program" 6556:"Obama administration confidant lays out possible Iran nuclear deal" 5581:"Closing in on nuclear deal, U.S. demands 'tough choices' from Iran" 5455:"Araqchi: US, Iran Aiming to Achieve Greater Progress on N. Program" 3118:"Optimism as Iran nuclear deal framework announced; more work ahead" 3062:

Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran - 23 May 2014

2364: 1800: 11056:

Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites

10951: 9704: 9542: 9538:"'Never threaten an Iranian!': How one diplomat's outburst blew up" 9364:"Netanyahu warns Obama: Iran must not be 'threshold nuclear power'" 8901: 8681: 5612:"Top-secret U.S. replica of Iran nuclear sites key to weapons deal" 5072:"Watch: Gary Samore on the future of the Iran nuclear negotiations" 4884:"US, Iran to Resume Bilateral Talks in Geneva: US State Department" 4572:"Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei: no guarantee of final nuclear deal" 4518: 3701: 3448: 3416: 3382:"Iran, US say 'difficult decisions' ahead to advance nuclear talks" 2775: 2471: 2466: 2435:, where 52 Americans were held hostage for more than a year. After 2121:(AFAGIR), while Iran's combat aircraft is under the command of the 2110: 1656: 1637: 1212: 1204: 1173: 1133: 1040: 10528: 8622:"In Congress, Netanyahu Faults 'Bad Deal' on Iran Nuclear Program" 6345:"The P5+1's First Step Agreement With Iran on its Nuclear Program" 3944:"FM Cautions West against Miscalculations about Iran's N. Program" 3218:"World powers, Iran agree on roadmap for 'marathon' nuclear talks" 1406:

against domestic and foreign companies who do business with Iran.

11269: 10456: 10432: 10148: 9280: 9137: 9045:"Remarks by the President in a Conversation with the Saban Forum" 8904:"Iran's president calls for end to isolation, urges nuclear deal" 8767: 7712: 7621: 7246: 6987: 6758: 6722: 5934: 5931:"France says Iran must budge on centrifuges for talks to succeed" 5584: 5489: 5428: 5330: 4857: 4404: 4313: 4159: 3670: 3577: 3571: 3480: 3477:"Iran must be 'more realistic' in nuclear talks: Britain's Hague" 3353: 3287: 3073: 2971: 2771: 2205: 2095: 2020: 1741:

Limited enrichment would mean limits on the numbers and types of

1066: 734:, Switzerland. It consists of a short-term freeze of portions of 592: 516: 166: 11503:

Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act

10619: 10089:"Testimonies before the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services" 9454:"Netanyahu: Iran must recognize Israel's right to exist in deal" 9031: 7985: 7851: 7839: 7572: 7541: 7539: 4398: 4276:"Zarif: Objective, reaching agreement in shortest possible time" 3205:"P5+1 and Iran agree on nuclear negotiation framework in Vienna" 938: 930:

Under Secretary of State Wendy Sherman has testified before the

11391:

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)

10394: 10092: 10024:"An Open Letter to the Leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran" 9857: 9483:"Obama: Nuclear deal not predicated on Iran recognizing Israel" 7457: 7071: 6770: 6734: 6635: 5995:"Does Iran Have the Right to Enrich Uranium? The Answer Is Yes" 5327:"IAEA chief urges Iran to keep its promises on nuclear program" 4458:"Iran nuclear deal: negotiators announce 'framework' agreement" 4037: 2968:"Iran, powers extend talks after missing nuclear deal deadline" 2781:

Also some Iranian media reported that Russian Foreign Minister

2763: 2644: 2292: 2114: 1874: 1870: 1811:, a former CIA analyst and Chief of Staff to the United States 1641: 1461: 1340: 1308:-verified implementation by Iran of its key nuclear commitments 731: 722:

After several rounds of negotiations, on 24 November 2013, the

686: 598: 551: 504: 500: 480: 10482: 10120:"Testimony before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee" 9746: 9081:"Saban Forum 2013: A Conversation with President Barack Obama" 8967:"Historic nuclear deal reached; Iran no longer under sanction" 7408: 7274:"IAEA report on past Iranian nuke research may hamstring deal" 7019: 6863:"IAEA, Iran Sign Joint Statement on Framework for Cooperation" 3237:

World powers and Iran make 'good start' towards nuclear accord

2965: 2462:

within the IRGC" indicate that Iran's arsenal is not virtual.

2029:

Fissile or nuclear material in sufficient quantity and quality

1302:

all nuclear-related secondary economic and financial sanctions

750: 557: 11254: 10319:"Verification Requirements for a Nuclear Agreement with Iran" 10052: 9334:"Netanyahu: Leaving Iran with Nuke Enrichment 'Catastrophic'" 8902:

Ramin Mostaghim & Molly Hennessy-Fiske (4 January 2015).

7536: 6827: 6585:

Defining Iranian Nuclear Programs in a Comprehensive Solution

5672: 5578: 5422: 4310:"Iran calls nuclear talks 'very useful'; next meeting in Jan" 2766:, the reported remarks from Zarif to EU foreign policy chief 2616: 2319: 2308: 2300: 2175:

In a Senate committee hearing former U.S. Secretary of State

2084:

Iran's ballistic missiles have been claimed as evidence that

1364: 1328:

One week after Lausanne negotiations, Iran's Supreme Leader,

1189:

High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs

668: 634: 624: 496: 488: 453: 176: 145: 115: 9888: 8430: 8401:"The complete transcript of Netanyahu's address to Congress" 5125: 5123: 4370:"Iran, P5+1 to hold next round of nuclear talks in February" 4156:"Iran still stalling as nuclear deadline looms: U.N. agency" 3729:"Iran Nuclear Deadline Extended, U.S. To Unblock Some Funds" 3257:"EU's Ashton says more nuclear talks with Iran on April 7–9" 3177: 2040:

compressed materials that can be used for nuclear warheads.

1864: 1371:

Lift all sanctions within 4 to 12 months of a final accord.

1044: 10724: 9768:"Implications Of A Nuclear Agreement With Iran – Testimony" 9208:"Iran's Nuclear Stockpile Grows, Complicating Negotiations" 9119: 9066: 8970: 8120:"Iran likely to score concession from West on nuclear deal" 7058: 6783:

Verification Requirements for a Nuclear Agreement with Iran

6747:

Verification Requirements for a Nuclear Agreement with Iran

5738: 5550:"Official: Iran confronts US at nuke talks over GOP letter" 5010: 5007:"Iranian, US representatives hold 6 hours of nuclear talks" 4980: 4399:

Stephanie Nebehay & Marina Depetris (18 January 2015).

4279: 4186:"Brussels: ISJ report accuses Iran of hiding nuclear plans" 3756: 3754: 3574:"Iran looks to prolonging nuclear talks; U.S. demands cuts" 2535: 2327: 1703: 1590: 1531:. The deadline of 30 June was passed, but talks continued. 1508:

In April and May 2015 there was considerable unease in the

1427: 1377: 991: 860: 672: 575: 484: 457: 10874:

Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani

8077: 7182:"Iran won't accept nuclear restraints 'beyond IAEA rules'" 6333: 6109:

Iran's Negotiating Positions Have Undergone "Rights Creep"

5802:"Opinion | Mohammad Javad Zarif: A Message from Iran" 5486:"Iran calls Obama's 10-year nuclear demand 'unacceptable'" 5355: 3505: 3281: 2381:

Debate over whether an agreement would promote cooperation

2047: 11180:

United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil

10349:""The Six's" Guiding Principles in Negotiating with Iran" 8795:"Why Iran wants the bomb and what it means for US policy" 8279:. Official Website of Ayatollah Khamenei–Fatwas Section. 8123: 7915: 7212:"Iran refuses UN nuclear watchdog access to Parchin base" 7139: 5673:

Ladane Nasseri & Nicole Gaouette (10 November 2014).

5636: 5120: 3824:"Iran, six major powers start new round of nuclear talks" 3572:

Louis Charbonneau & Lesley Wroughton (15 July 2014).

3121: 2032:

Effective means for delivery, such as a ballistic missile

11406:

Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections

11312:

December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

10317:, Christopher A. Bidwell; et al. (September 2014). 10292:"Including Ballistic Missiles in Negotiations with Iran" 8730: 8150:"Iran, holder of peaceful nuclear fuel cycle technology" 4854:"U.S., Iran to hold nuclear talks in Geneva on Thursday" 3751: 3635:"Iran nuclear talks: gaps remain as deadline approaches" 3541:"Kerry, Zarif Seek to Close Gaps Over Iran Nuclear Deal" 2482:

A quite different approach to Iran has been proposed by

601:, Fuel Enrichment Plant (FEP) — plant for production of 493:

permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

10839:

Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights

9925:"8 principles for dealing with the Iran nuclear threat" 9573:"'Never threaten an Iranian': nuclear talks get feisty" 9277:"Obama seeks to reassure Saudi Arabia over Iran, Syria" 9274: 8770:. The Embassy of the Islamic republic of Iran in Oslo. 8511:"Saudi Arabia considers Nuclear Weapons to offset Iran" 7088:

Verification Mechanisms and Transparency and Monitoring

5832:"Zarif specifies sticking points in Iran nuclear talks" 4473:, Thursday 2 April 2015 (page visited on 2 April 2015). 4125:"Kerry joins 'tense' nuclear talks with Iran in Vienna" 3146: 2602: 923:

Before the expiration of the six months imposed by the

660:

Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear program

11523:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

9979:"A Simple Guide to the Nuclear Negotiations With Iran" 9305: 8937:"Iran leader: US 'cannot be trusted' in nuclear talks" 8768:"Basic Facts About Iran's Peaceful Nuclear Activities" 6992:

The Joint Plan of Action and Framework for Cooperation

6432:"Press TV's Exclusive With Iran's Nuclear Chief (P.2)" 5579:

Lesley Wroughton & Parisa Hafezi (16 March 2015).

5356:

George Jahn & Bradley Klapper (23 February 2015).

4092: 2999: 2966:

Louis Charbonneau & Parisa Hafezi (18 July 2014).

2934:"IAEA Head Reports Status of Iran's Nuclear Programme" 2892:"Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran" 2339:

Comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program

2303:

declaring that the production, stockpiling and use of

1783: 1577:, former White House coordinator for arms control and 11884:

Academic relations between Iran and the United States

11533:

United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran

9661: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8207:"Iran says nuclear fatwa exists; others don't buy it" 6373: 5769:"U.S. Lays Out Limits It Seeks in Iran Nuclear Talks" 5423:

Arshad Mohammed & Angus McDowall (3 March 2015).

5358:"Historic US-Iran nuclear deal could be taking shape" 3697:"Iran nuclear talks deadline extended until November" 2615:

fears that a deal with Iran could come at expense of

2345:. Prominent opponents include Israeli Prime Minister 523:). The agreement is a comprehensive agreement on the 11949:

Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America

10869:

Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei

9977:

William J. Broad & Sergio Pecanha (April 2015).

9232: 8804:, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. 8426: 8424: 8422: 7640: 7423:"Iran's Ballistic Missile and Space Launch Programs" 4337: 4335: 3508:"Big powers fail to advance nuclear talks with Iran" 3444:"Final round of Iran nuclear talks starts in Vienna" 3311: 3309: 2800: 2725:

inspection of all suspected facilities by the IAEA.

1938:

each year. According to multiple resolutions of the

1300:

and the United States will cease the application of

1221:

High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs

990:

The round of talks took place on 11 November in the

730:, was signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in 452:

This article discusses the negotiations between the

11086:

Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner

10469:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

9891:"IMPERIAL DREAMS: The Paradox of Iranian Education" 9448: 9446: 8792: 8613: 8152:. Mathaba.net, IRNA. 25 August 2005. Archived from 7102:"APNewsBreak: UN's Iran nuclear probe stalls again" 6659:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

6153: 6151: 5675:"Negotiators Clam Up as Two Days of Iran Talks End" 5386: 5076:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

4947:"Iran says won't accept 'toy' enrichment programme" 4785: 4623:Erdbrink, Thomas; Sanger, David E. (9 April 2015). 3792:"New Round of Iran Nuclear Talks Faces Old Hurdles" 3147:Anne Gearan & Joby Warrick (23 November 2013). 2699:uranium to nil (or ship all the stockpile abroad). 2569:On the basis of international inspectors' reports, 1883:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

1708: 10250:"Update on Iran's Nuclear Program: September 2014" 8835:"Can Cold War Deterrence Apply to a Nuclear Iran?" 8388: 8363: 7797:Senate Committee on Armed Services 30 January 2015 7646: 7420: 7265: 6840:Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations 6547: 6410:"The IAEA and Iran's Continuing Nuclear Deception" 6320:Robert J. Einhorn (13 May 2014), panel discussion 5735:"Zarif-Kerry-Ashton end trilateral 2-hour meeting" 5038:"Iran-6 power talks turn into mostly Iran-US show" 4303: 4301: 4093:Matthew Lee & George Jahn (20 November 2014). 3506:Bradley Klapper & George Jahn (14 July 2014). 3000:Matthew Lee & George Jahn (24 November 2014). 698:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 12117:Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration 11591:Iranian Students Association in the United States 9421: 9419: 9134:"Full text of Obama's State of the Union address" 8934: 8419: 8359: 8357: 8355: 7468: 7466: 6157: 5992: 5763: 5100: 4332: 3474: 3306: 3282:Justyna Pawlak & Fredrik Dahl (16 May 2014). 2961: 2959: 2623:paid a visit to Riyadh in March 2014 and assured 2365:Debate over what a deal means for the risk of war 1534: 12068: 11126:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 10660: 10605:Institute for Science and International Security 10356:Institute for Science and International Security 10181:Institute for Science and International Security 9443: 9386: 9275:Jeff Mason & Steve Holland (28 March 2014). 9126: 8828: 8826: 8019:"U.N. Says Iran Is Silent on Efforts for a Bomb" 7961:Institute for Science and International Security 7927:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 7545: 7381:Institute for Science and International Security 6857: 6855: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6595: 6593: 6522: 6376:"Obama: I will veto any new Iran sanctions bill" 6148: 5922: 2911:"Iran, world powers reach historic nuclear deal" 2504:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services 2014:Institute for Science and International Security 1794:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 1671: 1659:. Among the issues discussed at the meeting was 1648:and the foreign ministers of the members of the 1354: 1298:nuclear-related economic and financial sanctions 915:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 9835: 9672: 9635:"Zarif warns West: 'Never threaten an Iranian'" 9477: 9475: 9090: 9037: 8712:Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering 8174: 8013: 7890: 6793: 6791: 6197:"The straight path to a nuclear deal with Iran" 5862: 5705:"No breakthrough in Iran nuclear talks in Oman" 5547: 5483: 5416: 5324: 5162:"Kerry meets Iranian foreign minister in Paris" 4828:"What's in the Iran nuclear deal? 7 key points" 4432:"What's in the Iran nuclear deal? 7 key points" 4307: 4298: 3974:"Iran, world powers fight to save nuclear deal" 3884:"Iran opposes extending troubled nuclear talks" 3178:Frederick Dahl; Justyna Pawlak (3 April 2015). 2730:Iranian recognition of Israel's right to exist 2182: 2146:United States House Committee on Armed Services 1443:above 3.67% purity (suitable for civil use and 1359:(as communicated by the U.S. State department) 530:The agreement is based on the 24 November 2013 11337:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 11317:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 11287:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports 11175:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq 10864:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush 10776:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz 10771:Interests Section of Iran in the United States 10632:Center for Strategic and International Studies 10583:Center for Strategic and International Studies 9944: 9919: 9867:Center for Strategic and International Studies 9416: 9156: 8562: 8535: 8503: 8477: 8352: 7802: 7463: 7368: 7271: 7130: 6553: 6301:Colin H. Kahl (13 May 2014), panel discussion 6119: 6117: 5288: 5260:"Zarif meets Kerry, to hold talks with Fabius" 4941: 4939: 4622: 3604:"Iran, G5+1 to Wrap Up Negotiations on Friday" 3030: 3002:"Iran nuclear talks to be extended until July" 2956: 2717:past nuclear research activities within Iran. 2311:. In a 2015 interview with Thomas Friedman of 2074:Center for Strategic and International Studies 2021:Nuclear-related issues beyond the negotiations 1067:Negotiations under the Second Extension of JPA 822:Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs 396:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive 11483:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act 10707: 9971:Iran is Falling into a Nuclear Agreement Trap 9162: 8823: 8237:"Legal Aspects–Fatwa against Nuclear Weapons" 8043: 7509: 7472: 7362: 7326: 6951: 6921: 6852: 6682: 6680: 6641: 6590: 6267: 6230: 6194: 6123: 5380: 5282: 4514:"Iran nuclear talks: 'Framework' deal agreed" 4429: 4064:"German FM optimistic about N-talks progress" 1869:The Iranian uranium enrichment facilities at 1419:All UN-related sanctions will be dismantled. 1203:, following the multilateral negotiations in 939:Negotiations under the First Extension of JPA 420: 11605:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 11601:Organization of Iranian American Communities 10556:"Iran's Arak Reactor and the Plutonium Bomb" 9827:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9472: 8644: 8117: 8111: 8049: 7706: 7578: 7561:Including Ballistic Missiles in Negotiations 7414: 7240: 6788: 6105:A Justified Extension for Iran Nuclear Talks 6025: 5959: 5609: 5193:"US, Iran struggle to speed up nuclear deal" 4731: 4367: 4246:"Solo Press Availability in Vienna, Austria" 4153: 4095:"Kerry to join Iran nuclear talks in Vienna" 2995: 2993: 2741: 2736: 2673:Israel's requests on the Lausanne agreement 2141:(IRGC) to continue mass-producing missiles. 2079: 1892:United States Assistant Secretary of Defense 1539: 1045:International Committee in Search of Justice 11964:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 10822:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 8802:Monterey Institute of International Studies 8708:"Public Statement - 24 October 2014 - Iran" 8652:"War with Iran is probably our best option" 8619: 8587: 7808: 7099: 6688:"Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities" 6114: 5702: 5514: 5221: 5190: 5159: 5066: 5035: 4936: 4506: 3762:"US Negotiator Warns Against New Sanctions" 3315: 3180:"West, Iran activate landmark nuclear deal" 2847:Negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework 2551:joint session of the United States Congress 2456:United Nations Security Council resolutions 2422: 2408: 1661:Tom Cotten's open letter to Iranian leaders 1113:Negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework 751:Negotiations under the Joint Plan of Action 558:List of declared nuclear facilities in Iran 543:negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework 447:Iran nuclear negotiating team, 14 July 2015 11959:United States involvement in regime change 11944:Opposition to military action against Iran 11508:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act 11349:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 10714: 10700: 8989: 8832: 8083: 7863: 6677: 6479:Iran's Arak Reactor and the Plutonium Bomb 6339: 6188: 6070:"Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses" 6063: 6061: 6059: 5928: 5224:"Iran FM: Now the time for a nuclear deal" 4734:"Obama Should Fire Marie Harf Immediately" 4240: 4034:"Nuclear Talks Resume With Iran in Vienna" 3033:"Iran Nuclear Talks Extended Until July 7" 2255:reported that according to a statement by 1841:According to a November 2013 editorial in 1717:Diagram of nuclear power and weapons cycle 427: 413: 141:Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center 11302:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 11036:International Maritime Security Construct 10066:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 9800:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 9567: 9565: 8556: 8431:Henry Kissinger & George P. Schultz. 8331: 7815:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 7482:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 7084:The P5+1 and Iranian Joint Plan of Action 6374:Rebecca Shimoni Stoil (29 January 2014). 3858:Friends Committee on National Legislation 2990: 2150:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2088:is weapons-related rather than civilian. 1960:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter 1865:Possible covert paths to fissile material 1829:According to information provided by the 1522:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 1296:will terminate the implementation of all 57:Learn how and when to remove this message 11929:International Conference on Hollywoodism 11147:America can't do a damn thing against us 10766:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran 10756:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States 10534:"Making Iran Come Clean About Its Nukes" 7649:"Don't Forget Iran's Ballistic Missiles" 6529:Nonproliferation Policy Education Center 6323:"The Rubik's Cube™ of a Final Agreement" 6304:"The Rubik's Cube™ of a Final Agreement" 6226: 6224: 5900:"Iran needs 190,000 nuclear centrifuges" 4188:. Citizenside France. 20 November 2014. 3538: 3171: 2745: 2681:reduction in the number of centrifuges. 2506:, said about Iranian nuclear ambitions: 2502:, testifying in January 2015 before the 2417: 2283:Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons 2094: 1968: 1904:National Nuclear Security Administration 1851:Nonproliferation Policy Education Center 1799: 1712: 1704:Main points at issue in the negotiations 1675: 1613:, John Kerry, Mohammad Javad Zarif, and 1605: 1569:place in New York on 18 September 2014. 1313:all previous nuclear-related resolutions 1179: 1167: 1009: 932:U. S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee 878: 762: 663: 561: 440: 11644:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 10462:"Blocking All Paths to an Iranian Bomb" 10151:"Avoiding a bad nuclear deal with Iran" 10149:J. Matthew McInnis (18 November 2014). 10004:U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs 9532: 9530: 6067: 6056: 5800:Zarif, Mohammad Javad (20 April 2015). 3800:. Associated Press. 19 September 2014. 3110: 2862:Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran 2295:, the Iranian Government asserted that 2048:Priorities in monitoring and prevention 1836: 376:Iran–United States relations after 1979 12069: 11639:National Council of Resistance of Iran 10796:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group 10347:& Andrea Stricker (22 July 2014). 9562: 9247:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 8738:"State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview" 8684:. Associated Press. 24 November 2013. 8089:"Secretary Kerry's Press Availability" 7598:from the original on 30 September 2014 7421:Steven A. Hildreth (6 December 2012). 7284:from the original on 14 September 2014 7253:from the original on 14 September 2014 7146:from the original on 14 September 2014 7112:from the original on 14 September 2014 6969:from the original on 14 September 2014 6873:from the original on 14 September 2014 6809:from the original on 14 September 2014 6249:from the original on 19 September 2014 6126:"The Case for Zero Enrichment in Iran" 5017:from the original on 21 September 2014 4781: 4779: 4777: 4661:from the original on 29 September 2015 3834:from the original on 23 September 2014 3804:from the original on 21 September 2014 3632: 3263:from the original on 24 September 2015 2433:storming of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran 2104:Director of U.S. National Intelligence 1981:One expert on Iran's nuclear program, 1644:, where he was to meet Saudi Arabia's 12087:Diplomatic conferences in Switzerland 11986:American Institute of Iranian Studies 11565:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity 11344:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape 10695: 10404:"Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran" 9860:"What the Iran Deal Means for Russia" 9645:from the original on 14 November 2016 9057:from the original on 16 February 2017 8947:from the original on 17 February 2015 8883:from the original on 10 November 2014 8774:from the original on 12 November 2014 8748:from the original on 12 December 2019 8658:from the original on 24 December 2019 8632:from the original on 25 February 2017 8538:"Obama's Nuclear Deal Could Mean War" 8517:from the original on 28 February 2017 8376:from the original on 25 February 2017 8217:from the original on 5 September 2014 8142: 7676:"Iran Nuclear Talks Turn to Missiles" 7647:Behnam Ben Taleblu (25 August 2014). 7169:B. Clarification of Unresolved Issues 6988:Iran, Country Profiles, Nuclear - NTI 6759:Blocking All Paths to an Iranian Bomb 6723:Blocking All Paths to an Iranian Bomb 6704:from the original on 11 November 2014 6516: 6221: 5993:William O. Beeman (31 October 2013). 5799: 5781:from the original on 22 November 2014 5745:from the original on 29 November 2014 5715:from the original on 10 November 2014 5684:from the original on 11 November 2014 5368:from the original on 28 February 2015 5337:from the original on 10 February 2015 5306:from the original on 10 February 2015 5270:from the original on 10 February 2015 5240:from the original on 10 February 2015 5101:Daria Chernyshova (14 October 2014). 4987:from the original on 6 September 2014 4635:from the original on 24 February 2017 4349:from the original on 20 December 2014 4343:"'Good Steps' taken at Nuclear talks" 4320:from the original on 19 December 2014 4286:from the original on 25 November 2014 4192:from the original on 29 November 2014 4166:from the original on 20 November 2014 4135:from the original on 21 November 2014 4105:from the original on 23 November 2014 4074:from the original on 21 November 2014 4044:from the original on 29 November 2014 4014:from the original on 13 November 2014 3379: 3346: 3074:Iran, Country Profiles, Nuclear - NTI 2944:from the original on 26 February 2014 2244:Tehran Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) 1973:Yukiya Amano and Mohammad Javad Zarif 1426:Parameters of prospective actions by 1412:All U.N. resolutions sanctioning Iran 1363:Parameters of prospective actions by 1254:nuclear physics and technology center 11424:United States sanctions against Iran 11217:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 11212:United States diplomatic cables leak 10761:Embassy of the United States, Tehran 10299:Atlantic Council's South Asia Center 9748:"Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" 9735: 9615:from the original on 1 February 2017 9527: 9180:from the original on 23 January 2015 9144:from the original on 24 January 2015 9110:from the original on 20 January 2017 9032:The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II 9013:from the original on 7 December 2014 8935:Ali Akbar Dareini (7 January 2015). 8916:from the original on 14 January 2015 8811:from the original on 28 January 2015 8718:from the original on 8 November 2014 8688:from the original on 22 October 2014 8433:"The Iran Deal and Its Consequences" 8099:from the original on 21 January 2017 8065:from the original on 3 November 2014 8031:from the original on 3 November 2014 7986:The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II 7967:from the original on 3 November 2014 7937:from the original on 3 November 2014 7852:The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II 7840:The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II 7821:from the original on 19 October 2014 7655:from the original on 22 October 2014 7573:The Gulf Military Balance. Volume II 7524:from the original on 3 November 2014 7491:from the original on 6 December 2014 7439:from the original on 4 February 2017 7314:from the original on 10 October 2014 7049:from the original on 22 January 2017 6617:from the original on 20 October 2014 6566:from the original on 18 October 2014 6504:from the original on 24 October 2014 6355:from the original on 21 January 2017 6019: 5654:from the original on 27 January 2017 5203:from the original on 25 January 2015 5172:from the original on 18 January 2015 5141:from the original on 21 January 2017 4977:"Geneva talks between Iran, US ends" 4808:from the original on 21 January 2017 4687:from the original on 23 October 2015 4494:from the original on 21 January 2017 4476: 4411:from the original on 20 January 2015 4308:Marina Depetris (17 December 2014). 4256:from the original on 21 January 2017 4004:"Nuclear negotiations end in Muscat" 3924:from the original on 24 October 2014 3186:from the original on 21 January 2014 2867:Views on the nuclear program of Iran 2852:Iran and weapons of mass destruction 2603:Non-negotiating countries' positions 1553:, included Under Secretary of State 1116: 566:Main sites of Iran's nuclear program 15: 11165:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 10248:Blaise Misztal (9 September 2014). 10059:"Nuclear Iran: A Glossary of Terms" 9585:from the original on 14 August 2016 9306:Tobi Harnden & Christina Lamb. 8842:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 8364:Thomas L. Friedman (5 April 2015). 7868:. Arms Control Wonk. Archived from 7673: 7458:Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran 7072:Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran 6939:from the original on 15 August 2014 6771:Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran 6735:Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran 6665:from the original on 2 October 2014 6636:Evaluating a Nuclear Deal with Iran 6535:from the original on 21 August 2014 6283:from the original on 21 August 2014 6273:"The Path Ahead for a Nuclear Iran" 6209:from the original on 21 August 2014 6176:from the original on 8 January 2015 6136:from the original on 22 August 2014 6086:from the original on 11 August 2014 5910:from the original on 21 August 2014 5844:from the original on 22 August 2014 5812:from the original on 15 August 2017 5325:Shadia Nasralla (7 February 2015). 5082:from the original on 4 October 2014 5048:from the original on 6 October 2014 4774: 3772:from the original on 26 August 2014 3275: 3159:from the original on 7 January 2018 3085: 2162:intercontinental ballistic missiles 1784:Plutonium production and separation 1503: 1229:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran 1197:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran 605:(LEU), 16,428 installed centrifuges 595:, Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF) 589:(TRR) — small 5MWt research reactor 570:The following is a partial list of 476: 347:Assassination of nuclear scientists 13: 11934:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 11796:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran 11004:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 10879:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 10786:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 10554:Gregory S. Jones (13 March 2014). 10532:and Bruno Tertrais (14 May 2014). 10514:International Atomic Energy Agency 10276:International Atomic Energy Agency 10203:International Atomic Energy Agency 9662:External links and further reading 9550:from the original on 7 August 2016 9489:from the original on 14 April 2015 9460:from the original on 15 April 2015 9425:Friedman, Thomas L. 5 April 2015. 8793:Clifton W. Sherrill (March 2012). 8239:. nuclearenergy.ir. Archived from 8059:International Atomic Energy Agency 7409:Solving the Iranian Nuclear Puzzle 7350:from the original on 17 March 2015 7341:International Atomic Energy Agency 7020:Solving the Iranian Nuclear Puzzle 6963:International Atomic Energy Agency 6959:"Joint Statement by Iran and IAEA" 6933:International Atomic Energy Agency 6900:International Atomic Energy Agency 6867:International Atomic Energy Agency 6695:U.S. National Intelligence Council 6608:International Atomic Energy Agency 6240:Center for a New American Security 6231:Colin H. 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Archived from 3475:Louis Charbonneau (13 July 2014). 3140: 2938:International Atomic Energy Agency 2289:International Atomic Energy Agency 2232:Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) 1932:International Atomic Energy Agency 1925: 1879:International Atomic Energy Agency 1820:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran 1755:Center for a New American Security 1458:Fordow uranium enrichment facility 1288:International Atomic Energy Agency 1234:According to the joint statement, 1039:same day at a press conference in 979:on Iran will need to be adjusted. 713:2013 Presidential election of Iran 532:Geneva interim framework agreement 469:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 462:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 256:Iranian act implementing the JCPOA 172:International Atomic Energy Agency 162:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran 14: 12133: 12122:Diplomatic conferences in Austria 11619:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 11596:National Iranian American Council 11559:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 11518:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act 11359:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 10751:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. 10434:"Iran, Country Profiles, Nuclear" 10326:Federation of American Scientists 9605:"Zarif:Never threaten an Iranian" 9515:from the original on 9 April 2015 9404:from the original on 3 March 2015 9344:from the original on 15 July 2014 9287:from the original on 14 July 2014 9256:from the original on 22 July 2014 8977:from the original on 14 July 2015 8851:from the original on 4 March 2016 8742:United States Department of State 8601:from the original on 16 July 2015 8575:from the original on 1 March 2017 8491:from the original on 16 July 2015 8439:from the original on 5 March 2017 8407:from the original on 21 July 2015 8313:from the original on 26 June 2015 8283:from the original on 12 June 2018 8187:from the original on 1 March 2017 8130:from the original on 16 June 2015 8093:United States Department of State 7897:Foreign Policy Research Institute 7688:from the original on 11 June 2014 7674:Jay, Solomon (18 February 2014). 7628:from the original on 12 July 2015 7510:Yaakov Lappin (25 October 2014). 7390:from the original on 2 April 2015 7272:Barbara Slavin (September 2014). 7241:Fredrik Dahl (3 September 2014). 6909:from the original on 2 April 2015 6828:Nuclear Iran: A Glossary of Terms 6653:William H. 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Schwartz (3 June 2014). 9627: 9597: 9501: 9370:. 1 October 2014. Archived from 9356: 9326: 9299: 9268: 9220:from the original on 2 June 2015 9192: 9073: 8959: 8928: 8895: 8863: 8786: 8760: 8700: 8670: 8563:Mohammed Zarif (20 April 2015). 8544:from the original on 9 July 2015 8529: 8465:from the original on 2 June 2015 8451: 8340:from the original on 27 May 2016 8325: 8295: 8269: 8247: 8229: 8199: 8175:Thomas Friedman (5 April 2015). 8168: 8007: 7949: 7884: 7857: 7761: 7749:from the original on 12 May 2014 7731: 7719:from the original on 12 May 2014 7700: 7667: 7610: 7503: 7296: 7234: 7218:. 23 August 2014. Archived from 7204: 7188:. 17 August 2014. Archived from 7174: 7124: 7100:George Jahn (3 September 2014). 7093: 7029: 7024:Text of the Joint Plan of Action 6885: 6799:"Glossary - Additional Protocol" 6554:Barbara Slavin (31 March 2014). 6484: 6442: 6420: 6398: 6386:from the original on 8 June 2014 6367: 6314: 6295: 6261: 6158:Robert J. 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Iran Daily. 17 December 2014. 3766:United States Institute of Peace 3456:from the original on 3 July 2014 3328:from the original on 19 May 2014 3294:from the original on 16 May 2014 3216:Laura Rozen (20 February 2014), 3043:from the original on 1 July 2015 2831: 2817: 2803: 2529: 2210:Security Council Resolution 1929 2090:Security Council Resolution 1929 1813:Undersecretary of State for Arms 1804:Arak Heavy Water Reactor (IR-40) 1723:Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty 1709:Uranium stockpile and enrichment 1544:According to a statement of the 1121: 970:Russian Deputy Foreign Minister 90: 20: 12077:2015 in international relations 11894:Anti-American sentiment in Iran 11374:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes 11354:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 11297:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 11014:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 10623:and Bryan Gold (January 2014). 9308:"Saudis to get nuclear weapons" 8997:"Nuclear Posture Review Report" 8261:. 17 April 2010. Archived from 8002:H. Possible Military Dimensions 7957:"Weaponization-Related R&D" 7866:"Deconstructing Sherman on PMD" 7864:Mark Hibbs (19 February 2014). 6523:Gregory S. Jones (5 May 2014). 5793: 5757: 5727: 5696: 5666: 5603: 5572: 5541: 5508: 5477: 5447: 5349: 5318: 5252: 5222:Matthew Lee (8 February 2015). 5215: 5191:Laura Rozen (17 January 2015). 5184: 5160:Matthew Lee (16 January 2015). 5153: 5094: 5060: 5029: 4999: 4969: 4906: 4876: 4860:. 7 August 2014. 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Archived from 7473:Michael Singh (19 June 2014). 7430:Congressional Research Service 6077:Congressional Research Service 6035:Congressional Research Service 6026:Paul K. Kerr (28 April 2014). 5610:Paul Richter (16 March 2015). 4456:Julian Borger and Paul Lewis, 4430:Bradner, Eric (2 April 2015). 3673:. 17 July 2014. Archived from 3079: 3024: 2926: 2904: 2884: 2566:overall stocks had increased. 2349:, former Secretaries of State 2241:Physics Research Center (PHRC) 1535:Bilateral and trilateral talks 1402:The United States will remove 1136:format but may read better as 1055:and authored by ISJ President 541:Based on the March/April 2015 203:2013 interim agreement, Geneva 1: 11364:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 10460:and Oren Setter (June 2014). 10155:American Enterprise Institute 8366:"Iran and the Obama Doctrine" 8177:"Iran and the Obama doctrine" 8118:Elise Labott (16 June 2015). 7891:Gary C. Gambill (June 2014). 6439:, Retrieved 1 September 2014. 6417:, Retrieved 1 September 2014. 5960:Scott Ritter (2 April 2015). 4732:Mario Loyola (7 April 2015). 3380:Rozen, Laura (20 June 2014). 3347:Ravid, Barak (20 June 2014). 2877: 2113:missile and the solid-fueled 1672:U.S.–EU–Iran trilateral talks 1355:Summary of Lausanne statement 708:as a crime against humanity. 647: 627:, 2,710 installed centrifuges 479:), is an agreement signed in 12097:Iran–United States relations 11488:Iran Freedom and Support Act 11473:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 11207:Detention of American hikers 11131:1980 October Surprise theory 10730:Iran–United States relations 8833:Shmuel Bar (15 March 2011). 8620:Peter Baker (3 March 2015). 7809:Nima Gerami (13 June 2014). 7707:Fredrik Dahl (11 May 2014). 6124:Michael Singh (March 2014). 5522:U.S. News & World Report 5515:Matthew Lee (4 March 2015). 2519:Islamic Republic News Agency 2183:Possible military dimensions 2144:In his testimony before the 1738:under special restrictions. 1258:heavy water research reactor 675:negotiators meet along with 612:Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant 213:2015 final agreement, Vienna 7: 11609:United Against Nuclear Iran 11185:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 10440:. July 2014. Archived from 9889:Eldad J. Pardo (May 2015). 9427:The Obama Doctrine and Iran 6330:, Retrieved 25 August 2014. 6311:, Retrieved 25 August 2014. 5929:John Irish (10 June 2014). 3316:Laura Rozen (16 May 2014). 2796: 2778:«#NeverThreatenAnIranian». 2695:Reduce Iran's stockpile of 2686:End to all alleged nuclear 2437:Barack Obama's inauguration 2148:, Managing Director of the 1617:in Lausanne, 16 March 2015. 1335:The Israeli Prime Minister 1239:As Iran pursues a peaceful 1027:and Saudi Foreign Minister 1006:18–24 November 2014, Vienna 947:19 September 2014, New York 759:18–20 February 2014, Vienna 641:Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant 284:Iranian nuclear negotiators 10: 12138: 12041:Not for the Faint of Heart 12016:Saint Peter Church, Tehran 11991:American School of Isfahan 11954:State Sponsor of Terrorism 11528:Dames & Moore v. Regan 11369:2022 Erbil missile attacks 11061:Operation Martyr Soleimani 11051:Thirteen revenge scenarios 11021:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 4683:. Fox News. 3 April 2015. 2713:Obtain overall picture of 2280: 1764:argued in the August 2014 1623:Munich Security Conference 1483:all its nuclear facilities 1110: 944:7th (first extended) round 740:economic sanctions on Iran 738:in exchange for decreased 657: 651: 572:nuclear facilities in Iran 12092:Foreign relations of Iran 12050: 11879:1998 FIFA World Cup match 11871: 11573: 11478:Iran Nonproliferation Act 11429:Maximum pressure campaign 11414: 11327:2021 Erbil rocket attacks 11076: 10924: 10804: 10743: 10438:Nuclear Threat Initiative 10230:The Henry Jackson Society 8307:The Sydney Morning Herald 6803:Nuclear Threat Initiative 6749:, p. 5, 9–11, 15–18. 2811:Nuclear technology portal 2742:Never threaten an Iranian 2737:Reactions on social media 2708:to be allowed at Fordow. 2638: 2589:Foreign Affairs Committee 2357:, and Democratic Senator 2235:Kimia Maadan Company (KM) 2228:list of such facilities: 2123:regular Iranian Air Force 2080:Ballistic missile program 1540:U.S.–Iran bilateral talks 1497:sites are not included). 1252:will be converted into a 547:international inspections 11996:Community School, Tehran 11756:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 11634:National Council of Iran 11629:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 11548:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 11307:2019 K-1 Air Base attack 11222:Strait of Hormuz dispute 11155:Beirut barracks bombings 11111:Operation Credible Sport 10987:Operation Praying Mantis 10827:1953 Iranian coup d'état 10491:Arms Control Association 10411:Bipartisan Policy Center 10254:Bipartisan Policy Center 9718:Rowman & Littlefield 9666: 9440:Retrieved: 6 April 2015. 9240:"UK policy towards Iran" 8871:"The revolution is over" 7842:, p. 86-87, 91-101. 6277:Arms Control Association 6130:Arms Control Association 5709:The National (Abu Dhabi) 4463:11 November 2016 at the 2597:Parchin Military Complex 2423:Islamic Republic of Iran 2409:Debate over alternatives 2385:Iran's foreign minister 2337:The negotiations on the 2238:Parchin Military Complex 2213:requested by the IAEA." 1999:Iranian Defense Minister 1936:from one to four reports 1735:Geneva interim agreement 1700:interests of countries. 1650:Gulf Cooperation Council 1380:reports and inspection. 1304:simultaneously with the 1099:22 February 2015, Geneva 1075:17 December 2014, Geneva 887:U.S. Secretary of State 790:17–20 March 2014, Vienna 726:, officially titled the 724:Geneva interim agreement 483:on 14 July 2015 between 251:Nuclear Achievements Act 233:United States withdrawal 193:Non-Proliferation Treaty 185:International agreements 146:Karun atomic energy site 12107:Nuclear program of Iran 11498:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment 11245:Nuclear program of Iran 10982:Operation Nimble Archer 10967:Operation Eager Glacier 10654: 10539:The Wall Street Journal 10108: 10031:U.S. Senator Tom Cotton 9740: 9708:and Bryan Gold (2014). 7681:The Wall Street Journal 7591:The Wall Street Journal 3854:"Nuclear Calendar 2014" 3546:The Wall Street Journal 2524: 2450:. Iran was included in 2273:of a final agreement". 1908:Nonproliferation Treaty 1145:converting this section 1087:18 January 2015, Geneva 986:11 November 2014 Muscat 962:16 October 2014, Vienna 898:Frank-Walter Steinmeier 847:16–20 June 2014, Vienna 654:Nuclear program of Iran 587:Tehran Research Reactor 525:nuclear program of Iran 477:برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک 364:against nuclear weapons 84:Nuclear program of Iran 29:Some of this article's 12102:Nuclear energy in Iran 12021:Tehran American School 11904:CIA activities in Iran 11574:Groups and individuals 11553:Certain Iranian Assets 11543:United States v. Banki 11282:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou 11066:2020 Camp Taji attacks 10977:Operation Prime Chance 10972:Operation Earnest Will 10832:Abadan Crisis Timeline 10662:"Joint Plan of Action" 10560:National Review Online 8277:"حرمت سلاح کشتار جمعی" 7586:"Iran Makes the Rules" 7008:J. Additional Protocol 6450:"Plutonium Production" 2916:7 January 2018 at the 2872:Sanctions against Iran 2770:have since trended on 2755: 2690:development activity. 2619:Arabs. U.S. President 2190:Iran's nuclear program 2100: 2086:Iran's nuclear program 1974: 1805: 1718: 1681: 1618: 1318: 1208: 1177: 1015: 911:United States Congress 884: 871:2–20 July 2014, Vienna 812:13–16 May 2014, Vienna 801:7–9 April 2014, Vienna 768: 736:Iran's nuclear program 689: 567: 449: 381:Sanctions against Iran 11939:Iranian frozen assets 11761:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan 11468:Executive Order 13876 11463:Executive Order 13780 11446:Executive Order 13769 11441:Executive Order 12172 11436:Executive Order 12170 11401:Tower 22 drone attack 11160:Khobar Towers bombing 11106:Guadeloupe Conference 10376:Brookings Institution 9837:"A dangerous modesty" 9004:Department of Defense 8565:"A Message from Iran" 7594:. 29 September 2014. 6167:Brookings Institution 5070:(20 September 2014). 5013:. 19 September 2014. 4766:. CNN. 9 April 2015. 3860:. 25 September 2014. 3830:. 20 September 2014. 3214:CNN, 20 February 2014 2890:Haidar, J. I., 2015. 2749: 2665:National Public Radio 2650:in an interview with 2418:Negotiating countries 2261:Brookings Institution 2098: 1972: 1803: 1716: 1679: 1609: 1236: 1183: 1171: 1013: 882: 766: 667: 565: 444: 11861:Abdul Majid Muhammed 11586:Iran–America Society 11332:2021 Natanz incident 11322:2020 Iran explosions 11116:Operation Eagle Claw 11078:Incidents after 1979 10889:Joint Plan of Action 10817:Persian Gulf Command 10621:Anthony H. Cordesman 10575:Anthony H. Cordesman 10172:(18 November 2014). 10053:Simon Henderson and 10040:on 23 September 2015 9950:"Deadly comparisons" 9706:Anthony H. Cordesman 9432:1 March 2017 at the 9368:Agence France-Presse 8536:Gabriel Scheinmann. 8265:on 12 November 2013. 8243:on 16 February 2015. 7651:. War On The Rocks. 7546:Joint Plan of Action 7460:, p. 12, 23–24. 7343:. 19 February 2015. 7222:on 14 September 2014 7216:Agence France-Presse 7192:on 14 September 2014 7186:Agence France-Presse 6902:. 20 February 2014. 6869:. 11 November 2013. 6500:. 28 November 2013. 6343:(10 December 2013). 5767:(20 November 2014). 5741:. 21 November 2014. 5525:. Associated Press. 5390:(26 February 2015). 4983:. 5 September 2014. 4951:Agence France-Presse 4282:. 25 November 2014. 4244:(24 November 2014). 4218:. 22 November 2014. 4131:. 20 November 2014. 4070:. 19 November 2014. 4040:. 18 November 2014. 4010:. 12 November 2014. 3978:Agence France-Presse 3888:Agence France-Presse 3223:11 July 2015 at the 3210:13 July 2015 at the 2897:30 July 2017 at the 2387:Mohammad Javad Zarif 2200:initiation systems, 1837:Agreement's duration 1770:separative work unit 1571:The Associated Press 1563:Majid Takht-Ravanchi 1491:uranium mining sites 1481:Allow inspection of 1273:nuclear reprocessing 1225:Mohammad Javad Zarif 1193:Mohammad Javad Zarif 925:Joint Plan of Action 818:Mohammad Javad Zarif 728:Joint Plan of Action 603:low enriched uranium 582:and other sources): 362:Ali Khamenei's fatwa 11909:Copyright relations 11240:2016 Naval incident 11096:Iran hostage crisis 10947:Iran Air Flight 655 10859:Island of Stability 10791:Iranian Directorate 10577:(17 January 2014). 10118:(3 December 2014). 9700:on 21 October 2014. 9639:The Times of Israel 9438:The New York Times. 9173:The Washington Post 9166:(22 January 2015). 9140:. 20 January 2015. 9106:. 16 January 2015. 9053:. 7 December 2013. 8879:. 1 November 2014. 8714:. 24 October 2014. 8053:(31 October 2014). 8017:(31 October 2014). 7134:(9 February 2014). 7045:. 16 January 2014. 6935:. 9 February 2014. 6610:. 8 November 2011. 6497:The Washington Post 6429:(7 February 2014), 6380:The Times of Israel 6202:The Washington Post 6000:The Huffington Post 5967:The Huffington Post 5650:. 16 October 2014. 5397:The Washington Post 5388:Charles Krauthammer 5299:The Washington Post 5292:(8 February 2015). 5266:. 8 February 2015. 5137:. 15 October 2014. 4788:Wall Street Journal 3984:on 13 November 2014 3954:on 13 November 2014 3920:. 17 October 2014. 3242:17 May 2021 at the 3153:The Washington Post 3012:on 29 November 2014 2940:. 20 January 2014. 2922:The Washington Post 2791:The Times of Israel 2559:The Washington Post 2448:terrorist financing 2307:is forbidden under 1873:(FEP and PFEP) and 1843:The Washington Post 1631:Charles Krauthammer 1474:heavy-water reactor 1430: 1367: 1283:additional protocol 1271:. There will be no 1201:framework agreement 1057:Alejo Vidal‐Quadras 868:Sixth (final) round 835:High Representative 680:High Representative 623:enriched up to 20% 370:Manufactured Crisis 198:Additional Protocol 12006:Iran Bethel School 11981:Alborz High School 11816:Abdolreza Shahlaei 11791:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh 11776:Mohammad Mosaddegh 11751:Amir Mirza Hekmati 11741:Mahmoud Reza Banki 11691:Erwin David Rabhan 11656:Howard Baskerville 11538:Oil Platforms case 11513:Public Law 113-100 11190:2008 Naval dispute 11091:Iranian Revolution 10957:Iran–Contra affair 10942:Bridgeton incident 10671:. 24 November 2013 10641:on 31 October 2014 10278:. 5 September 2014 10075:on 22 January 2016 9984:The New York Times 9955:The Jerusalem Post 9946:Robert S. Wistrich 9609:Tasnim News Agency 9374:on 22 October 2014 9213:The New York Times 8626:The New York Times 8569:The New York Times 8370:The New York Times 8213:. 4 October 2013. 8183:. Video at 20:50. 8181:The New York Times 8024:The New York Times 7933:. 2 October 2014. 7903:on 9 November 2014 7872:on 3 November 2014 7743:The Jerusalem Post 7575:, p. 116-117. 7517:The Jerusalem Post 7310:. 9 October 2014. 6761:, p. 3–4, 13. 6725:, p. 1–6, 13. 6560:Al Jazeera America 6460:on 3 February 2009 5873:The New York Times 5806:The New York Times 5774:The New York Times 4888:Tasnim News Agency 4629:The New York Times 4380:on 20 January 2015 3894:on 22 October 2014 2768:Federica Mogherini 2756: 2648:Benjamin Netanyahu 2571:The New York Times 2547:State of the Union 2429:Islamic Revolution 2392:The New York Times 2347:Benjamin Netanyahu 2313:The New York Times 2252:The New York Times 2202:neutron initiators 2101: 1975: 1806: 1719: 1682: 1619: 1514:Benjamin Netanyahu 1447:generation only). 1425: 1414:will be annulled. 1362: 1337:Benjamin Netanyahu 1294:The European Union 1279:will be exported. 1217:Federica Mogherini 1209: 1185:Federica Mogherini 1178: 1147:, if appropriate. 1016: 885: 769: 690: 568: 450: 268:US Congress review 12064: 12063: 11766:Mohammad Hosseini 11661:William J. Fallon 11581:Iran Action Group 11396:2024 Erbil attack 11202:Project Cassandra 10962:Operation Staunch 10849:Project Dark Gene 10689: 10688: 10607:. 15 January 2014 10221:(November 2014). 10205:. 7 November 2014 10095:. 30 January 2015 9969:Akbar E. Torbat, 9948:(25 April 2015). 9727:978-1-4422-2793-4 9693:978-0-698-16572-4 9120:National Archives 9067:National Archives 8909:Los Angeles Times 8156:on 10 August 2013 7372:(24 March 2015). 7059:National Archives 6697:. November 2007. 6271:(7 August 2014). 5765:Michael R. Gordon 5617:Los Angeles Times 5229:The Times-Gazette 4957:on 19 August 2014 4920:. 9 August 2014. 4890:. 7 August 2014. 4374:Trend News Agency 2760:Iran nuclear deal 2734: 2733: 2070:Anthony Cordesman 1958:), enacted under 1665:Los Angeles Times 1527:Talks resumed in 1501: 1500: 1423: 1422: 1321:Iran's President 1199:) presenting the 1176:, 30 March 2015). 1166: 1165: 554:on 14 July 2015. 437: 436: 261:Majlis commission 67: 66: 59: 12129: 12112:Politics of Iran 12056: 12055: 12011:Iranzamin School 12001:Damavand College 11974:Alavi Foundation 11969:650 Fifth Avenue 11919:Dual containment 11914:Death to America 11826:Masoud Soleimani 11746:Haleh Esfandiari 11711:Michael R. White 11456:Trump travel ban 11260:Operation Merlin 10999:Yemeni Civil War 10994:Syrian civil war 10844:Exercise Delawar 10812:Persian Corridor 10744:Diplomatic posts 10738: 10737: 10728: 10727: 10716: 10709: 10702: 10693: 10692: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10666: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10640: 10634:. 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Archived from 9864: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9832: 9826: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9808: 9802:. Archived from 9797: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9774:. Archived from 9772:Hudson Institute 9759: 9757: 9755: 9736: 9731: 9701: 9696:. Archived from 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9569: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9546:. 10 July 2015. 9534: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9479: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9450: 9441: 9423: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9400:. 3 March 2015. 9398:Fox News Channel 9390: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9340:. 13 July 2014. 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9310:. Archived from 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9255: 9244: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9204:William J. Broad 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9094: 9088: 9082: 9077: 9071: 9070: 9064: 9062: 9041: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9012: 9001: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8973:. 14 July 2015. 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8941:Associated Press 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8850: 8839: 8830: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8810: 8799: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8507: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8428: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8397: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8361: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8251: 8245: 8244: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8087:(16 June 2015). 8081: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8011: 8005: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7899:. 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Archived from 6446: 6440: 6433: 6427:Ali Akbar Salehi 6424: 6418: 6411: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6337: 6331: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6248: 6237: 6228: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6175: 6164: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6121: 6112: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6074: 6065: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6043: 6032: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5904:Channel NewsAsia 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5866:(13 July 2014). 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5840:. 22 July 2014. 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5554:Associated Press 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5461:. 4 March 2015. 5459:Fars News Agency 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5362:Associated Press 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5264:Mehr News Agency 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5234:Associated Press 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5166:Associated Press 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5127: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5042:Associated Press 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4864:on 8 August 2014 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4783: 4772: 4771: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4522:. 2 April 2015. 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4490:. 2 April 2015. 4480: 4474: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4376:. 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Archived from 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3420:. 20 June 2014. 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3253: 3247: 3234: 3228: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3124:. 3 April 2015. 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3037:Voice of America 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3008:. Archived from 3006:Associated Press 2997: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2963: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2930: 2924: 2908: 2902: 2888: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2670: 2669: 2593:House of Commons 2355:George P. Shultz 2060:Atlantic Council 1823:Ali Akbar Salehi 1727:Security Council 1615:Ali Akbar Salehi 1551:William J. Burns 1504:After April 2015 1431: 1424: 1368: 1361: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1143:You can help by 1125: 1124: 1117: 977:Security Council 838:Catherine Ashton 777:Foreign Minister 773:Catherine Ashton 683:Catherine Ashton 622: 478: 460:that led to the 429: 422: 415: 94: 71: 70: 62: 55: 51: 48: 42: 24: 16: 12137: 12136: 12132: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12060: 12046: 11867: 11726:Saeid Aboutaleb 11706:Craig Wadsworth 11681:Stephen D. Mull 11671:Joseph Macmanus 11569: 11410: 11265:Charming Kitten 11227:RQ-170 incident 11195:Filipino Monkey 11141:Algiers Accords 11072: 11009:Abraham Accords 10920: 10914:U.S. withdrawal 10800: 10739: 10732: 10722: 10720: 10690: 10674: 10672: 10664: 10657: 10644: 10642: 10638: 10627: 10610: 10608: 10600: 10587: 10585: 10564: 10562: 10544: 10542: 10519: 10517: 10509: 10496: 10494: 10486: 10473: 10471: 10464: 10447: 10445: 10423: 10421: 10420:on 11 July 2015 10417: 10406: 10400:Charles F. Wald 10396:Charles S. Robb 10385: 10383: 10382:on 24 July 2014 10360: 10358: 10351: 10330: 10328: 10321: 10315:Orde F. Kittrie 10304: 10302: 10294: 10281: 10279: 10271: 10258: 10256: 10234: 10232: 10225: 10208: 10206: 10198: 10185: 10183: 10176: 10159: 10157: 10139: 10137: 10136:on 4 March 2016 10133: 10122: 10111: 10098: 10096: 10078: 10076: 10072: 10061: 10043: 10041: 10037: 10026: 10013: 10011: 10010:. 23 March 2015 9998: 9989: 9987: 9960: 9958: 9935: 9933: 9923:(29 May 2015). 9910: 9908: 9907:on 21 June 2015 9904: 9893: 9879: 9877: 9876:on 14 July 2015 9873: 9862: 9848: 9846: 9820: 9819: 9812: 9810: 9809:on 4 March 2016 9806: 9795: 9781: 9779: 9778:on 11 July 2015 9766:(9 July 2015). 9753: 9751: 9743: 9728: 9694: 9674:Henry Kissinger 9669: 9664: 9659: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9641:. 9 July 2015. 9633: 9632: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9611:. 8 July 2015. 9603: 9602: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9581:. 8 July 2015. 9571: 9570: 9563: 9553: 9551: 9536: 9535: 9528: 9518: 9516: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9490: 9481: 9480: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9452: 9451: 9444: 9434:Wayback Machine 9424: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9392: 9391: 9387: 9377: 9375: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9315: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9273: 9269: 9259: 9257: 9253: 9249:. 8 July 2014. 9242: 9238: 9237: 9233: 9223: 9221: 9206:(1 June 2015). 9200:David E. Sanger 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9161: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9113: 9111: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9080: 9078: 9074: 9060: 9058: 9043: 9042: 9038: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9010: 8999: 8995: 8994: 8990: 8980: 8978: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8948: 8933: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8884: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8837: 8831: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8766: 8765: 8761: 8751: 8749: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8691: 8689: 8676: 8675: 8671: 8661: 8659: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8635: 8633: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8578: 8576: 8561: 8557: 8547: 8545: 8534: 8530: 8520: 8518: 8509: 8508: 8504: 8494: 8492: 8483: 8482: 8478: 8468: 8466: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8442: 8440: 8429: 8420: 8410: 8408: 8399: 8398: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8353: 8343: 8341: 8332:Glenn Kessler. 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8148: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8082: 8078: 8068: 8066: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8015:David E. Sanger 8012: 8008: 7996: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7940: 7938: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7889: 7885: 7875: 7873: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7807: 7803: 7795: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7752: 7750: 7745:. 11 May 2014. 7737: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7672: 7668: 7658: 7656: 7645: 7641: 7631: 7629: 7624:. 12 May 2014. 7616: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7477: 7471: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7376: 7367: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7336: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7193: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7163: 7159: 7149: 7147: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7098: 7094: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7052: 7050: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7018: 7014: 7002: 6998: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6965:. 21 May 2014. 6957: 6956: 6952: 6942: 6940: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6861: 6860: 6853: 6843: 6842:, p. 3, 6. 6838: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6812: 6810: 6797: 6796: 6789: 6781: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6757: 6753: 6745: 6741: 6733: 6729: 6721: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6651: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6591: 6583: 6579: 6569: 6567: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6431: 6425: 6421: 6409: 6407:(30 May 2014), 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6338: 6334: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6235: 6229: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6162: 6156: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6115: 6103: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6072: 6066: 6057: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5906:. 8 July 2014. 5898: 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5864:David E. Sanger 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5701: 5697: 5687: 5685: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5573: 5563: 5561: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5173: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5129: 5128: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4784: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4738:National Review 4730: 4726: 4716: 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3680: 3678: 3677:on 27 July 2014 3665: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3648: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3487:on 15 July 2014 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3452:. 3 July 2014. 3442: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3314: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3244:Wayback Machine 3235: 3231: 3225:Wayback Machine 3215: 3212:Wayback Machine 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 2998: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2964: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2918:Wayback Machine 2909: 2905: 2899:Wayback Machine 2889: 2885: 2880: 2839:Politics portal 2837: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2758:At 2015 during 2744: 2739: 2641: 2610: 2605: 2580: 2549:presented to a 2532: 2527: 2425: 2420: 2411: 2383: 2371:Thomas Friedman 2367: 2351:Henry Kissinger 2305:nuclear weapons 2285: 2279: 2198:high explosives 2185: 2082: 2053:Henry Kissinger 2050: 2023: 2002:Hossein Dehghan 1928: 1926:IAEA inspection 1867: 1839: 1786: 1774:Hillary Clinton 1766:National Review 1731:resolution 1929 1711: 1706: 1674: 1542: 1537: 1529:Vienna, Austria 1506: 1357: 1241:nuclear program 1207:(2 April 2015). 1162: 1156: 1153: 1142: 1126: 1122: 1115: 1109: 1069: 941: 753: 748: 694:nuclear weapons 662: 656: 650: 620: 615: 560: 433: 363: 63: 52: 46: 43: 40: 25: 12: 11: 5: 12135: 12125: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12062: 12061: 12051: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12037: 12030: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11977: 11976: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11889:American Islam 11886: 11881: 11875: 11873: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11865: 11864: 11863: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11841:Karan Vafadari 11838: 11836:Kian Tajbakhsh 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11651:Elliott Abrams 11648: 11647: 11646: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11577: 11575: 11571: 11570: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11459: 11458: 11453: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11420: 11418: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11340: 11339: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11273: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11242: 11237: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11121:Canadian Caper 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11093: 11088: 11082: 11080: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10990: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10928: 10926: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10808: 10806: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10719: 10718: 10711: 10704: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10681: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10651: 10617: 10594: 10571: 10551: 10530:David Albright 10526: 10503: 10480: 10458:Graham Allison 10454: 10430: 10392: 10367: 10341:David Albright 10337: 10311: 10288: 10265: 10243: 10242: 10241: 10215: 10192: 10170:David Albright 10166: 10146: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10105: 10085: 10057:(March 2015). 10050: 10020: 9996: 9974: 9967: 9942: 9921:Lindsey Graham 9917: 9886: 9855: 9833: 9788: 9760: 9750:. 14 July 2015 9742: 9739: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9726: 9702: 9692: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9626: 9607:(in Persian). 9596: 9578:The Daily Star 9561: 9526: 9500: 9471: 9442: 9415: 9385: 9355: 9325: 9314:on 22 May 2015 9298: 9267: 9231: 9191: 9155: 9125: 9103:whitehouse.gov 9089: 9072: 9050:whitehouse.gov 9036: 9034:, p. 118. 9024: 9006:. April 2010. 8988: 8958: 8927: 8894: 8862: 8822: 8785: 8759: 8744:. April 2014. 8729: 8699: 8669: 8643: 8612: 8586: 8555: 8528: 8502: 8476: 8450: 8418: 8387: 8351: 8324: 8294: 8268: 8246: 8228: 8198: 8167: 8141: 8110: 8076: 8042: 8006: 7990: 7988:, p. 131. 7978: 7948: 7914: 7883: 7856: 7854:, p. 110. 7844: 7832: 7801: 7786: 7760: 7730: 7699: 7666: 7639: 7609: 7577: 7565: 7550: 7535: 7502: 7462: 7450: 7413: 7401: 7370:David Albright 7361: 7325: 7295: 7264: 7233: 7203: 7173: 7157: 7132:David Albright 7123: 7092: 7076: 7064: 7042:whitehouse.gov 7028: 7012: 6996: 6980: 6950: 6920: 6884: 6851: 6832: 6820: 6787: 6775: 6763: 6751: 6739: 6727: 6715: 6676: 6640: 6628: 6589: 6577: 6546: 6515: 6483: 6471: 6441: 6419: 6397: 6366: 6332: 6313: 6294: 6260: 6220: 6187: 6147: 6113: 6097: 6055: 6018: 5985: 5952: 5921: 5891: 5855: 5823: 5792: 5756: 5726: 5695: 5679:Bloomberg L.P. 5665: 5635: 5602: 5571: 5540: 5507: 5476: 5446: 5415: 5379: 5348: 5317: 5290:David Ignatius 5281: 5251: 5214: 5183: 5152: 5119: 5093: 5059: 5028: 4998: 4968: 4935: 4905: 4875: 4845: 4819: 4793: 4773: 4755: 4724: 4698: 4672: 4646: 4615: 4589: 4563: 4537: 4505: 4475: 4449: 4422: 4391: 4360: 4331: 4297: 4267: 4233: 4203: 4177: 4146: 4116: 4085: 4055: 4025: 3995: 3965: 3935: 3905: 3875: 3845: 3815: 3783: 3750: 3720: 3688: 3658: 3625: 3595: 3564: 3531: 3498: 3467: 3435: 3403: 3372: 3339: 3305: 3274: 3248: 3229: 3197: 3170: 3139: 3109: 3086:Sanchez, Ray. 3078: 3066: 3054: 3023: 2989: 2955: 2925: 2903: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2828: 2814: 2798: 2795: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2709: 2701: 2700: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2674: 2640: 2637: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2584:United Kingdom 2579: 2578:United Kingdom 2576: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2492: 2491: 2480: 2479: 2452:FATF blacklist 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2382: 2379: 2366: 2363: 2281:Main article: 2278: 2275: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2184: 2181: 2119:IRGC Air Force 2081: 2078: 2049: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2022: 2019: 1994:Hassan Rouhani 1983:David Albright 1927: 1924: 1888:Graham Allison 1866: 1863: 1838: 1835: 1785: 1782: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1673: 1670: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1478: 1477: 1466: 1465: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1441:enrich uranium 1436: 1435: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1408: 1407: 1399: 1398: 1382: 1381: 1373: 1372: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1333: 1326: 1164: 1163: 1129: 1127: 1120: 1111:Main article: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1065: 1029:Saud al-Faisal 1025:Laurent Fabius 1008: 1007: 1004: 988: 987: 984: 972:Sergei Ryabkov 964: 963: 960: 949: 948: 945: 940: 937: 907:Philip Hammond 873: 872: 869: 849: 848: 845: 814: 813: 810: 803: 802: 799: 792: 791: 788: 761: 760: 757: 752: 749: 747: 744: 706:Hassan Rouhani 702:European Union 652:Main article: 649: 646: 645: 644: 638: 628: 618: 609: 606: 596: 590: 559: 556: 536:some sanctions 521:European Union 509:United Kingdom 435: 434: 432: 431: 424: 417: 409: 406: 405: 404: 403: 398: 393: 388: 386:UN resolutions 383: 378: 373: 366: 359: 354: 349: 341: 340: 336: 335: 334: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 307: 306: 301: 296: 291: 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 264: 263: 253: 245: 244: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 235: 230: 225: 220: 210: 205: 200: 195: 187: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 174: 169: 164: 156: 155: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 110: 109: 103: 102: 96: 95: 87: 86: 80: 79: 65: 64: 31:listed sources 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12134: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12059: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12038: 12036: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11975: 11972: 11971: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11811:Maryam Rajavi 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11786:Siamak Namazi 11784: 11782: 11781:Baquer Namazi 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11736:Sirous Asgari 11734: 11732: 11731:Shahram Amiri 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11721:Saeed Abedini 11719: 11717: 11716:Roxana Saberi 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11696:Jason Rezaian 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11676:Robert Malley 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11645: 11642: 11641: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11572: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11560: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11413: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11386: 11382: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11234:Maersk Tigris 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11148: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11075: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11006: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10932:Iran–Iraq War 10930: 10929: 10927: 10923: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10803: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10717: 10712: 10710: 10705: 10703: 10698: 10697: 10694: 10685: 10670: 10663: 10659: 10658: 10637: 10633: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10606: 10599: 10595: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10561: 10557: 10552: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10516:. 23 May 2014 10515: 10508: 10504: 10492: 10485: 10481: 10470: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10416: 10412: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10357: 10350: 10346: 10345:Olli Heinonen 10342: 10338: 10327: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10300: 10293: 10289: 10277: 10270: 10266: 10255: 10251: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10231: 10224: 10220: 10219:Olli Heinonen 10216: 10204: 10197: 10193: 10182: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10156: 10152: 10147: 10132: 10128: 10121: 10117: 10116:Michael Doran 10113: 10112: 10094: 10090: 10086: 10071: 10067: 10060: 10056: 10055:Olli Heinonen 10051: 10036: 10032: 10025: 10021: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9973:, 4 May 2015. 9972: 9968: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9903: 9899: 9892: 9887: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9856: 9845:. 6 June 2015 9844: 9843: 9842:The Economist 9838: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9805: 9801: 9794: 9789: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9764:Michael Doran 9761: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9729: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9685: 9684:Penguin Group 9681: 9680: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9630: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9584: 9580: 9579: 9574: 9568: 9566: 9549: 9545: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9531: 9514: 9510: 9504: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9422: 9420: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9389: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9329: 9313: 9309: 9302: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9271: 9252: 9248: 9241: 9235: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9169: 9165: 9164:Glenn Kessler 9159: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9129: 9121: 9109: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9083: 9076: 9068: 9056: 9052: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9033: 9028: 9009: 9005: 8998: 8992: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8905: 8898: 8882: 8878: 8877: 8876:The Economist 8872: 8866: 8847: 8843: 8836: 8829: 8827: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8773: 8769: 8763: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8559: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8516: 8512: 8506: 8490: 8486: 8480: 8464: 8460: 8454: 8438: 8434: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8406: 8402: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8358: 8356: 8339: 8335: 8328: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8171: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8030: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7987: 7982: 7966: 7963:. June 2013. 7962: 7958: 7952: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7887: 7871: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7793: 7791: 7775:. 18 May 2014 7774: 7770: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7670: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7506: 7487: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7467: 7459: 7454: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7405: 7386: 7382: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7207: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7074:, p. 10. 7073: 7068: 7060: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7032: 7025: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7005: 7000: 6993: 6989: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6888: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6847: 6841: 6836: 6829: 6824: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6767: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6743: 6737:, p. 30. 6736: 6731: 6724: 6719: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6637: 6632: 6613: 6609: 6602: 6596: 6594: 6586: 6581: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6519: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6480: 6475: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6401: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6329: 6325: 6317: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269:Robert Joseph 6264: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6225: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6191: 6172: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6152: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5989: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5956: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5606: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4940: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4789: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4453: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4395: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4336: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4304: 4302: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4120: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4013: 4009: 4008:Radio Zamaneh 4005: 3999: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3439: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3310: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3201: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3064:, p. 15. 3063: 3058: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2960: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2815: 2812: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2783:Sergey Lavrov 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2748: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2636: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2625:King Abdullah 2622: 2618: 2614: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2564: 2563:Olli Heinonen 2560: 2556: 2555:Glenn Kessler 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2530:United States 2522: 2520: 2517:According to 2512: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2500:George Shultz 2496: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484:The Economist 2477: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2415: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2330:as a threat. 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2299:has issued a 2298: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2180: 2178: 2177:George Shultz 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2156:According to 2154: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2107:James Clapper 2105: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2045: 2041: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942:(resolutions 1941: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762:Robert Joseph 1760: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1715: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1626: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1559:Jake Sullivan 1556: 1555:Wendy Sherman 1552: 1547: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487:supply chains 1484: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1445:nuclear power 1442: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1369: 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