572:
423:
718:
633:
36:
521:
1429:
513:
1314:
768:
811:, most of them owned by the Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co., are all on the main stem. Karun-2 would potentially be located in the Sussan Plain between Shahid Abbaspour and Karun-3, but the project is still under consideration because of concern over submerging archaeological sites.
535:
covers 65,230 square kilometres (25,190 sq mi) in parts of two
Iranian provinces. The river is around 950 kilometres (590 mi) long and has an average discharge of 575 cubic metres per second (20,300 cu ft/s). The largest city on the river is
830:(under construction) are among them. Khersan 1, Khersan 2, Zalaki, Liro, Roudbar Lorestan, Bazoft, and others are proposed. The dams on the Karun have had a significant effect on the
755:
province in southern Iraq were declared disaster-hit areas as a result of Iran's construction of new dams on the Karun. The new dams resulted in high levels of salinity in the
1005:
814:
A Karun-5 dam upstream of Karun-4 has also been proposed. The Masjed
Soleyman, Shahid Abbaspour, and Karun-3 dams each generate 1,000–2,000 MW of power to service the
1854:
853:
571:
613:
overthrew the
Elamites and gained control of the Karun and its surroundings in modern Khuzestan. However, the Elamite empire lasted until about 640 BC, when the
400:
1844:
591:
586:
plain, the location of the ancient cultures dating back to the fifth millennium BC and, to the south, the newly discovered ancient culture of the
818:
sector of Iran's electricity grid, and when completed, Karun-4 will also generate 1,000 MW. There are also many dams on the river's tributaries.
563:
to over 280,000 hectares (690,000 acres) of the surrounding plain and a further 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) are planned to receive water.
446:
1497:
1477:
442:
1033:
Moghaddam, A. (2016). A fifth-millennium BC cemetery in the north
Persian Gulf: The Zohreh Prehistoric Project. Antiquity, 90(353), E3.
682:, places the Garden of Eden at the northern tip of the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers Tigris, the Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and
1849:
1417:
1013:
1344:
1335:
1395:
1130:
759:, which destroyed farm areas and threatened livestock in that Iraqi Basra area. Civilians in the area were forced to evacuate.
1839:
1106:
733:
951:
396:
861:
86:
708:
The name of the river is derived from the mountain peak, Kuhrang, which serves as its source. The film documentary,
1287:
464:
flows into a reservoir from the southeast passin through it in a narrow canyon, now in a northwest direction, past
441:. The river flows south and west through several prominent mountain ridges and receives additional water from the
1155:
472:(Karun-1), which floods the river's defile to the southwest. The Karun flows southwest into the impoundment of
1864:
1859:
1410:
1183:
547:
Much of
Khuzestan's transport and resources are connected in one way or another to the Karun. Since the
980:
540:, with over 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important cities include Shushtar, Khorramshahr (a port),
834:
transport and the ecology of the river, and have required the relocation of thousands of residents.
1403:
1425:
590:
plain from the same period. The principal ancient site being excavated near the Zohreh River is
1433:
20:
1188:(Map). Cartography by Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co. Masjed Soleiman Project
468:, eventually winding into the Sussan Plain. The Karun then turns north into the reservoir of
800:
469:
453:. 25 kilometres (16 mi) downstream, the Karun widens into the reservoir formed by the
8:
1318:
1051:
796:
784:
776:
473:
1788:
737:
645:
476:(Karun-2), then turns northwest. Finally, it leaves the foothills and flows south past
315:
1390:
403:
that it was known by the name "Dujail," which could be translated "Little Tigris," to
1112:
1102:
729:
710:
81:
1134:
1645:
1611:
1326:
1034:
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434:
295:
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266:
57:
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1206:
1713:
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1080:
959:
860:. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 1965–1984. Archived from
697:, Lynch Brothers opened the first regular steamship service on the river linking
672:
649:
552:
541:
532:
427:
422:
395:, which is still maintained by one of the two primary tributaries of the Karun.
1698:
1512:
664:
657:
575:
Terracotta vessel with geometrical decorations. Susa I period (4200–3800 BC) -
548:
360:
911:
899:
559:, and remains an important commercial waterway. Water from the Karun provides
555:, the Karun has been an important route for the transport of petroleum to the
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1546:
1541:
1507:
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1359:
1346:
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on the north. These tributaries add to the catchment of the river above the
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In two of several competing theories about the origins and location of the
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1297:, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol.
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1038:
717:
629:
rivers, was one of their largest before it was destroyed by the invaders.
391:. The modern medieval and modern name, Karun, is a corruption of the name
359:
and other scholars have identified the Karun as one of the four rivers of
1818:
1797:
1771:
1761:
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1703:
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There are a number of dams on the Karun River, mainly built to generate
1747:
1737:
1718:
1592:
1582:
1522:
1441:
1156:"Karun-2 Dam continues tragedy of cultural destruction at ancient Izeh"
924:"Regional generalization of flood characteristics in Karun River basin"
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560:
411:
342:
334:
1295:
Identification of the Water
Pollutant Industries in Khuzastan Province
632:
601:
civilization which rose about 2,700 BC. At several points in history,
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1681:
1635:
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1455:
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368:
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is located between these two branches of the Karun. The port city of
303:
139:
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714:(1925), tells the story of the Bakhtiari tribe crossing this river.
286:
river with the highest water flow, and the country's only navigable
35:
1602:
1566:
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831:
477:
438:
291:
123:
100:
1006:"Study and Executive Projects of Irrigation and Drainage Networks"
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488:, and south through farmland to its mouth on the Arvand Roud at
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of western Iran, on the slopes of 4,221 m (13,848 ft)
1776:
1766:
1313:
683:
678:. The strongest of these theories, propounded by archaeologist
640:
The first known major bridge across the river was built by the
493:
364:
346:
338:
290:. It is 950 km (590 mi) long. The Karun rises in the
135:
1293:
N. Jafarzadeh, S. Rostami, K. Sepehrfar, and A. Lahijanzadeh,
740:
advance. With its limited military stocks, Iran unveiled its "
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1076:
931:
Flow
Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data
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311:
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In 1888, during a period of increasing
British influence in
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618:
598:
583:
465:
353:
is divided from the Island of Abadan by the Haffar branch.
283:
74:
933:. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. 1994
531:
The largest river by discharge in Iran, the Karun River's
345:, emptying into the Persian Gulf. The important Island of
1101:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
748:(Popular Mobilization Army or People's Army) volunteers.
606:
401:
Gazetteer of the
Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia
1012:. Khuzestan Water and Power Authority. Archived from
387:
In early classical times, the Karun was known as the
1391:
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shatt-al-arab
1079:: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of
1131:"Basra province incapable of responding to crisis"
597:Later, the Karun valley was also inhabited by the
1133:. Homepage.eircom.net. 2009-09-08. Archived from
484:. It then bends southwest, bisecting the city of
1831:
721:Derelict vessels and a bridge over the Karun in
1855:Landforms of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
1381:http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karun_1_2
1263:. Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co
1238:. Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co
1213:. Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co
1411:
492:, where its water, together with that of the
49:
1845:Rivers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
516:Catchment area of Karun River (in deep blue)
912:http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karun
900:http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/karun
329:, forking into two primary branches on its
318:of Iran, before emptying to its mouth into
1418:
1404:
1284:Karun-3, Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant
1178:
1176:
1096:
302:, receiving many tributaries, such as the
247:2,995 m/s (105,800 cu ft/s)
1207:"Masjed Soleiman Project: Technical Info"
958:. Universitat de València. Archived from
944:
500:, turns sharply southeast to flow to the
1185:Karun & Dez Development Exploitation
766:
716:
652:, whence the name of the bridge and dam
631:
570:
519:
511:
421:
1173:
660:'s dam", at Shushtar (3rd century AD).
594:, which has many parallels with Susa.
227:575 m/s (20,300 cu ft/s)
195:65,230 km (25,190 sq mi)
1832:
751:In September 2009, three districts of
1399:
1075:"And the name of the second river is
910:Karun River, Encyclopædia Iranica at
898:Karun River, Encyclopædia Iranica at
848:
846:
734:Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces
277:
1049:
916:
744:" assaults which used thousands of
644:captives that included its emperor
270:
237:26 m/s (920 cu ft/s)
50:
13:
843:
667:, the Karun is presumed to be the
14:
1876:
1307:
1257:"Karun 4 Project: Technical Info"
1232:"Karun 3 Project: Technical Info"
711:Grass: A Nation's Battle for Life
1427:
1312:
1301:, No. 2, pp. 36–42 (2004).
310:. It passes through the city of
34:
1850:Landforms of Khuzestan province
1249:
1224:
1199:
1148:
1123:
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1043:
325:The Karun continues toward the
1385:D. T. Potts, "SHATT al-ARAB",
1027:
998:
973:
904:
892:
875:
363:(Gihon), the others being the
1:
1277:
582:Karun River lies between the
524:Karun River near the city of
111:Physical characteristics
1840:Rivers of Khuzestan Province
1325:More photos of Karun river,
480:and its confluence with the
175: • elevation
7:
1375:H. Borjian, "Karun River",
1097:Abrahamian, Ervand (2008).
775:dam, one of the many large
757:Arvand Roud (Shatt al-Arab)
213: • location
163: • location
131: • location
10:
1881:
621:, near the modern city of
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445:on the south bank and the
243: • maximum
233: • minimum
223: • average
18:
1811:
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826:(under construction) and
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187:950 km (590 mi)
183:
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96:
87:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
80:
70:
65:
45:
33:
28:
1099:A History of Modern Iran
985:Cities/Provinces of Iran
858:River Discharge Database
837:
617:overran it. The city of
551:first discovered oil at
507:
1211:Masjed Soleiman Project
981:"Province of Khuzestan"
956:Encyclopædia Britannica
779:dams on the Karun River
762:
728:It was here during the
382:
1336:BirdLife International
1058:. Iran Chamber Society
987:. Iran Chamber Society
854:"Karun River at Ahvaz"
780:
725:
637:
605:civilizations such as
579:
528:
517:
430:
40:Map of the Karun River
21:Karun (disambiguation)
1387:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1377:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1321:at Wikimedia Commons
1039:10.15184/aqy.2016.166
770:
720:
635:
574:
523:
515:
433:It originates in the
425:
314:, the capital of the
801:Shahid Abbaspour Dam
625:between the Dez and
470:Shahid Abbaspour Dam
426:Dammed portion near
399:also records in his
179:0 m (0 ft)
19:For other uses, see
1865:Rivers in Mandaeism
1860:Shatt al-Arab basin
1360:30.4275°N 48.1653°E
1356: /
1332:Karun river marshes
797:Masjed Soleyman Dam
785:hydroelectric power
777:hydroelectric power
474:Masjed Soleyman Dam
1789:Hamun-e Jaz Murian
781:
738:Iraqi Armed Forces
736:stopped the early
726:
638:
580:
529:
518:
431:
316:Khuzestan Province
279:[kɒːˈɾuːn]
1827:
1826:
1317:Media related to
1108:978-0-521-82139-1
1050:Shahmiri, Cyrus.
673:Biblical book of
671:described in the
592:Tol-e Chega Sofla
371:, and either the
294:mountains of the
259:
258:
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1646:Shahrood (River)
1612:Bahu Kalat River
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1334:, Factsheet,
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1137:on 2012-02-20
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1016:on 2007-08-28
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
986:
982:
976:
962:on 2012-02-22
961:
957:
953:
952:"Karun River"
947:
932:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
888:
884:
881:Also spelled
878:
864:on 2010-06-20
863:
859:
855:
849:
847:
842:
835:
833:
829:
828:Khersan-3 Dam
825:
824:Bakhtiari Dam
821:
817:
816:peaking power
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:flood control
786:
778:
774:
769:
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:Iran–Iraq War
724:
719:
715:
713:
712:
706:
704:
700:
696:
695:southern Iran
691:
689:
688:Wadi al-Batin
685:
681:
677:
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666:
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659:
655:
654:Band-e Kaisar
651:
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577:Louvre Museum
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397:J. G. Lorimer
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373:Wadi al-Batin
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48:
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37:
32:
27:
22:
16:River in Iran
1803:Bampur River
1709:Qarasu River
1694:Kojoor River
1670:Sardab River
1665:Chalus River
1651:Alamut River
1588:Mehran River
1578:Jarahi River
1551:
1533:Persian Gulf
1518:Saqqez River
1503:Shahar River
1493:Nazlou River
1483:Leylan River
1386:
1376:
1341:
1331:
1311:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1265:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1184:
1164:. Retrieved
1162:. 2006-09-19
1159:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1125:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1009:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
984:
975:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
955:
946:
935:. Retrieved
930:
918:
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894:
886:
882:
877:
866:. Retrieved
862:the original
857:
813:
787:and provide
782:
750:
727:
723:Khorramshahr
709:
707:
699:Khorramshahr
692:
680:Juris Zarins
674:
662:
650:Sassanid era
639:
603:Mesopotamian
596:
588:Zohreh River
581:
557:Persian Gulf
546:
544:, and Izeh.
530:
502:Persian Gulf
490:Khorramshahr
459:
432:
410:and Persian
388:
386:
357:Juris Zarins
355:
351:Khorramshahr
327:Persian Gulf
324:
300:Zagros Range
262:
260:
168:Khorramshahr
105:Khorramshahr
1819:Shesh Taraz
1798:Halil River
1772:Karaj River
1762:Abhar River
1757:Qom (River)
1704:Atrek River
1689:Atrek River
1677:Haraz River
1641:Ghezel Ozan
1557:Marun River
1552:Karun River
1498:Rozeh River
1478:Ghaie River
1473:Gadar River
1363: /
1319:Karun River
1160:Archaeonews
799:, Karun-1 (
793:Gotvand Dam
669:Gihon River
455:Karun-3 Dam
451:Karun-4 Dam
412:geographers
156:Arvand Roud
46:Native name
1834:Categories
1748:Namak Lake
1738:Zayanderud
1719:Astarachay
1593:Mond River
1583:Bahmanshir
1542:Arvand Rud
1523:Zola River
1442:Lake Urmia
1351:48°09′55″E
1348:30°25′39″N
1278:References
1267:2010-03-14
1242:2010-03-14
1217:2010-03-14
1192:2010-03-14
1166:2010-03-14
1141:2009-09-08
1062:2010-03-14
1020:2010-03-15
991:2010-03-15
966:2010-03-14
937:2010-03-14
868:2010-03-15
742:human wave
646:Valerianus
561:irrigation
389:Pasitigris
343:Arvand Rud
335:Bahmanshir
320:Arvand Rud
192:Basin size
1729:Gavkhouni
1682:Lar River
1636:Sefid-Rud
1562:Dez River
1456:Quri Chay
1117:171111098
732:that the
615:Assyrians
533:watershed
498:Euphrates
369:Euphrates
296:Bakhtiari
282:) is the
204:Discharge
140:Khuzestan
103:, Ahwāz,
91:Khuzestan
82:Provinces
1603:Oman sea
1567:Koohrang
1451:Aji Chay
1327:Tishineh
832:sediment
478:Shushtar
439:Zard-Kuh
405:medieval
337:and the
306:and the
292:Zard Kuh
124:Zard Kuh
101:Shushtar
66:Location
1658:Zarjoob
1622:Caspian
1288:History
820:Dez Dam
809:Karun-4
805:Karun-3
773:Karun-3
675:Genesis
648:in the
627:Karkheh
611:Babylon
599:Elamite
567:History
549:British
462:Khersan
393:Kuhrang
377:Karkheh
375:or the
308:Kuhrang
284:Iranian
267:Persian
71:Country
58:Persian
1777:Jajrud
1767:Jajrud
1115:
1105:
887:Karoun
883:Karoon
807:, and
684:Pishon
658:Caesar
494:Tigris
447:Bazoft
418:Course
367:, the
365:Tigris
347:Abadan
339:Haffar
333:– the
207:
184:Length
136:Zagros
120:Source
97:Cities
54:
1812:Other
1791:basin
1750:basin
1731:basin
1624:basin
1605:basin
1535:basin
1444:basin
1389:, at
1379:, at
1077:Gihon
927:(PDF)
838:Notes
753:Basra
746:Basij
703:Ahvaz
642:Roman
623:Shush
538:Ahvaz
526:Ahvaz
508:Basin
486:Ahvaz
443:Vanak
331:delta
312:Ahvaz
288:river
271:کارون
263:Karun
217:Ahwāz
151:Mouth
51:کارون
29:Karun
1631:Aras
1113:OCLC
1103:ISBN
1087::13)
1081:Cush
771:The
763:Dams
701:and
619:Susa
609:and
584:Susa
496:and
466:Izeh
460:The
408:Arab
383:Name
361:Eden
275:IPA:
261:The
75:Iran
1035:doi
885:or
803:),
690:).
656:, "
482:Dez
304:Dez
1836::
1286:,
1259:.
1234:.
1209:.
1175:^
1158:.
1111:.
1054:.
1008:.
983:.
954:.
929:.
856:.
845:^
822:,
795:,
791:.
705:.
607:Ur
504:.
457:.
414:.
379:.
322:.
273:,
269::
138:,
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1338:.
1299:1
1290:.
1270:.
1245:.
1220:.
1195:.
1169:.
1144:.
1119:.
1085:2
1065:.
1037::
1023:.
994:.
969:.
940:.
889:.
871:.
686:(
265:(
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23:.
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