466:
40:
1501:
588:
491:
481:
said that Fordow had been under U.S. surveillance. Iran argues that this disclosure was consistent with its legal obligations under its
Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA, which Iran claims requires Iran to declare new facilities 180 days before they receive nuclear material. However, the IAEA stated
502:
enriched up to 5% U-235, and that the facility was being built to contain 16 cascades, with a total of approximately 3000 centrifuges. Later, in
September 2011, Iran said it would move its production of 20% LEU to Fordow from Natanz, and enrichment started in December 2011. In January 2012, the IAEA
510:
of April 2015, the Fordow plant was to be restructured to less intensive research use. The Fordow facility was to stop enriching uranium and researching uranium enrichment for at least fifteen years, and the facility was to be converted into a nuclear physics and technology centre. For 15 years, it
523:
Under the terms of the nuclear agreement with Iran, two-thirds of the centrifuges inside Fordo have been removed in recent months, along with all nuclear material. The facility is banned from any nuclear-related work and is being converted to other uses, eliminating the threat that prompted the
511:
would maintain no more than 1,044 IR-1 centrifuges in six cascades in one wing of Fordow. "Two of those six cascades will spin without uranium and will be transitioned, including through appropriate infrastructure modification," for stable
203:
644:
images for the Fordow site can be found at coordinates 34.885649,50.99669. Images zoomed to the 20 meter level show a large double fence perimeter border erected around the site with towers located every 25 meters. Six 10
477:(IAEA) by Iran on 21 September 2009, but only after the site became known to Western intelligence services. Western officials strongly condemned Iran for not disclosing the site earlier; U.S. President
1845:
560:
reported that "near bomb-grade" uranium had been found at Fordow. The IAEA confirmed that 83.7% pure U238 was discovered at Fordow, and that this had been very much a surprise to the agency.
899:"Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran"
836:
Implementation of the NPT Safeguards
Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran
1896:
180:
649:
wide entry portals to the complex are located within the fenced area, as well as several buildings, the largest of which is approximately 5,500 square metres (59,000 sq ft).
515:
production for medical, agricultural, industrial, and scientific use. "The other four cascades with all associated infrastructure will remain idle." Iran is not permitted to have any
1075:
317:
687:(parliament) representatives formed a human chain around the Fordow uranium enrichment facility. The students were there to show their support for the Iranian nuclear program.
175:
503:
announced that Iran had started producing uranium enriched up to 20% for medical purposes and that material "remains under the agency's containment and surveillance.”
1223:
1351:
The Fordow
Enrichment Plant, aka Al Ghadir: Iran’s Nuclear Archive Reveals Site Originally Purposed to Produce Weapon-Grade Uranium for 1–2 Nuclear Weapons per Year
1641:
1326:
1570:
1162:
1063:
1256:
170:
165:
1793:
333:
140:
1038:
1991:
208:
1100:
813:
423:
1932:
1603:
730:
465:
374:
309:
1312:
343:
1621:
1242:
1079:
1202:
1282:
323:
294:
1798:
1542:
793:
534:
In 2018, Israeli company ImageSat published satellite photographs showing renewed construction and development at the Fordow facility.
88:
429:
215:
1378:
198:
1721:
47:
1986:
1182:
600:
1976:
1560:
348:
338:
304:
1810:
1148:
367:
231:
1891:
1684:
1455:
1445:
1350:
507:
474:
411:
160:
119:
109:
83:
1014:
2001:
1849:
1825:
407:
1996:
1646:
1636:
627:
23:
1913:
1500:
872:
676:
622:
145:
806:
1598:
1398:
360:
482:
that Iran was bound by its agreement in 2003 to declare the facility as soon as Iran decided to construct it.
1783:
1704:
1631:
1517:
617:
73:
1840:
1820:
1651:
1532:
1527:
1450:
1440:
1371:
1128:
1971:
1699:
1593:
1413:
1227:
155:
68:
1689:
1666:
1470:
1403:
927:
898:
833:
54:
1835:
1486:
847:
1918:
1757:
652:
Iranian authorities state the facility is built deep in a mountain because of repeated threats by
1716:
1364:
498:
In its initial declaration, Iran stated that the purpose of the facility was the production of UF
31:
1886:
1778:
1661:
328:
1290:
1854:
1565:
263:
612:
1460:
691:
545:
251:
150:
8:
1908:
1509:
573:
remarked on the
Iranian order to triple the centrifuge capacity of the Fordow plant. The
39:
966:
944:
1739:
1626:
1613:
395:
273:
988:
1874:
1859:
1815:
1418:
268:
1076:"Unusual activity in Iranian uranium enrichment plant captured by Israeli satellite"
751:
1981:
1903:
1656:
680:
538:
516:
278:
258:
579:
said that four new cascades had been installed but had not yet been commissioned.
551:
In
January 2021 the Fordow site began to produce uranium enriched to a 20% level.
1408:
772:
575:
569:
1149:"Near bomb-grade level uranium found in Iranian nuclear plant, says IAEA report"
710:
1788:
1387:
684:
657:
236:
1965:
1947:
1934:
1676:
1580:
444:
431:
1257:"Iranian university students form human chain around Fordo nuclear facility"
1830:
1552:
1327:"IAEA chides Iran for undeclared change to Fordow uranium enrichment setup"
1203:"Iran installs half of planned new centrifuges at Fordow, IAEA report says"
665:
512:
478:
299:
246:
241:
1879:
1773:
1537:
1313:"'Iran's rapid deployment of S-300 to Fordow reveals importance of site'"
669:
638:
544:
In
January 2020 the Fordow site had 1,044 centrifuges designed to enrich
1163:"IAEA report: Iran installs more centrifuges at Fordow enrichment plant"
656:
to attack such facilities, which Israel believes can be used to produce
398:
facility located 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the
Iranian city of
1869:
1731:
473:
Existence of the then-unfinished enrichment plant was disclosed to the
1428:
641:
603:
1588:
1522:
1353:– Institute for Science and International Security, March 13, 2019
873:"The Qom Enrichment Facility: Was Iran Legally Bound to Disclose?"
1749:
1356:
1101:"Iran will enrich uranium to 5% at Fordow nuclear site -official"
1064:
U.S. Had
Cyberattack Plan if Iran Nuclear Dispute Led to Conflict
735:
731:"Russia 'regrets' reported Iran nuclear activity in Qom facility"
415:
114:
1039:"Key Excerpts of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)"
660:. However, attacking a nuclear facility so close to the city of
587:
794:
Iran ready to co-operate on nuclear programme, says
Ahmadinejad
653:
567:
remarked that Iran had built additional centrifuges, while the
419:
403:
1224:"Did Santorum Suggest Iran Wants Nukes to Bring Back Messiah?"
1183:"Iran signals a major boost in nuclear enrichment at key site"
1015:"What's in the Iran nuclear deal? 7 key points | CNN Politics"
1864:
1803:
1694:
646:
490:
124:
93:
63:
1465:
773:"Underground Facilities: Intelligence and Targeting Issues"
698:
675:
In November 2013, hundreds of Iranians, mostly students of
564:
661:
556:
541:
announced that Iran will enrich uranium to 5% at Fordow.
399:
1243:"Cries of 'hold me back' may lead Israel to strike Iran"
426:, possible coordinates of the facility's location are:
1571:
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
908:. International Atomic Energy Agency. 16 November 2009
807:"Satellite Imagery of Qom Enrichment Facility in Iran"
845:
1349:David Albright, Frank Pabian, and Andrea Stricker:
418:enrichment facility, the other one being that of
1963:
967:"Iran enriching uranium at Fordo plant near Qom"
945:"Iran enriching uranium at Fordo plant near Qom"
814:Institute for Science and International Security
424:Institute for Science and International Security
864:
846:Sanger, David E.; Cooper, Helene (2009-09-25).
1789:DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company
344:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive
1372:
870:
524:attack plan, at least for the next 15 years.
368:
1031:
937:
701:remarked that the Fordow plant had changed.
775:. National Security Archive. March 23, 2012
410:base. The site is under the control of the
1543:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
1379:
1365:
1240:
1221:
848:"Iran Confirms Existence of Nuclear Plant"
752:"Iran Denounced Over Secret Nuclear Plant"
537:On 5 November 2019, Iranian nuclear chief
375:
361:
89:Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center
1992:Buildings and structures in Qom province
981:
879:. University of Pittsburgh School of Law
668:brings concern of a potential risk of a
586:
489:
464:
1012:
1006:
749:
324:Iran–United States relations after 1979
1964:
1123:
1121:
690:In 2016, Iran stationed anti-aircraft
1360:
1175:
1319:
1195:
1155:
1141:
664:which is considered so holy between
1118:
1062:DAVID E. SANGER and MARK MAZZETTI:
679:, accompanied by the head of AEOI,
295:Assassination of nuclear scientists
16:Uranium enrichment facility in Iran
13:
1892:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
1456:Iranian Central Oil Fields Company
1446:National Iranian South Oil Company
1386:
743:
508:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
494:Summertime countryside near Fordow
475:International Atomic Energy Agency
469:Wintertime countryside near Fordow
412:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
204:Iranian act implementing the JCPOA
120:International Atomic Energy Agency
110:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
14:
2013:
1604:Special industrial economic zones
1343:
414:(AEOI). It is the second Iranian
408:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1499:
1241:Akluf Benn (September 3, 2009).
750:Weisman, Jonathan (2009-09-25).
38:
1914:National Iranian Tanker Company
1305:
1275:
1249:
1234:
1222:Azmat Khan (January 13, 2012).
1215:
1093:
1068:
1056:
959:
920:
677:Sharif University of Technology
349:Views on Iran's nuclear program
156:2015 prelim agreement, Lausanne
1599:National Petrochemical Company
1129:"Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant"
1105:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
891:
871:Daniel Joyner (5 March 2010).
839:
827:
799:
787:
765:
723:
151:2013 interim agreement, Geneva
1:
1987:Isotope separation facilities
1518:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
716:
460:
1977:Industrial buildings in Iran
1622:Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran
1589:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
1561:2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan
1528:National Iranian Gas Company
1451:Iranian Offshore Oil Company
1441:National Iranian Oil Company
1414:Energy subsidies reform plan
1013:Bradner, Eric (2015-04-02).
591:Scenic view of Fordow valley
394:) is an Iranian underground
388:Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant
161:2015 final agreement, Vienna
7:
1228:Public Broadcasting Service
704:
628:GPX (secondary coordinates)
485:
232:Iranian nuclear negotiators
10:
2018:
1685:Atomic Energy Organization
989:"Iran's key nuclear sites"
582:
1850:National Development Fund
1826:Foreign direct investment
1766:
1748:
1730:
1675:
1612:
1579:
1551:
1508:
1497:
1487:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
1479:
1436:
1427:
1394:
754:. The Wall Street Journal
623:GPX (primary coordinates)
598:Map all coordinates using
2002:Underground construction
1919:Jey Oil Refining Company
1758:Jey Oil Refining Company
606:Download coordinates as:
199:Nuclear Achievements Act
181:United States withdrawal
141:Non-Proliferation Treaty
133:International agreements
94:Karun atomic energy site
1997:Nuclear program of Iran
711:Natanz nuclear facility
312:against nuclear weapons
32:Nuclear program of Iran
1846:Oil Stabilization Fund
1779:Climate change in Iran
969:. BBC. 10 January 2012
947:. BBC. 10 January 2012
592:
532:
495:
470:
329:Sanctions against Iran
1841:Ministry of Petroleum
1784:Construction industry
697:In February 2023 the
618:GPX (all coordinates)
590:
521:
493:
468:
445:34.88459°N 50.99596°E
406:village, at a former
1821:Environmental issues
1533:Natural gas reserves
692:S-300 missile system
546:uranium hexafluoride
310:Ali Khamenei's fatwa
1948:34.8845°N 50.9981°E
1944: /
1909:Naftiran Intertrade
1811:Dams and reservoirs
739:. January 10, 2012.
441: /
422:. According to the
318:Manufactured Crisis
146:Additional Protocol
1972:Nuclear facilities
1836:Ministry of Energy
1471:Petroleum industry
1404:Petroleum industry
1263:. 19 November 2013
852:The New York Times
593:
529:NYT, Feb. 16, 2016
496:
471:
450:34.88459; 50.99596
396:uranium enrichment
216:US Congress review
1927:
1926:
1875:Machine Sazi Arak
1816:Energy superpower
1495:
1494:
1315:. 30 August 2016.
563:In June 2024 the
385:
384:
209:Majlis commission
2009:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:34.8845; 50.9981
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1904:Strait of Hormuz
1503:
1434:
1433:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1289:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1078:. Archived from
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
941:
935:
934:
932:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
903:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
843:
837:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
811:
803:
797:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
769:
763:
762:
760:
759:
747:
741:
740:
727:
681:Ali Akbar Salehi
670:Shiite religious
539:Ali Akbar Salehi
530:
517:fissile material
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
446:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
377:
370:
363:
42:
19:
18:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1897:U.S. withdrawal
1799:Khatam al-Anbia
1762:
1744:
1726:
1717:Nuclear program
1671:
1652:Korpeje–Kordkuy
1637:Iran–Iraq–Syria
1608:
1575:
1547:
1504:
1491:
1475:
1423:
1390:
1385:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1293:on 13 July 2015
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1239:
1235:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
943:
942:
938:
930:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
901:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
869:
865:
856:
854:
844:
840:
832:
828:
819:
817:
809:
805:
804:
800:
792:
788:
778:
776:
771:
770:
766:
757:
755:
748:
744:
729:
728:
724:
719:
707:
658:nuclear weapons
636:
635:
634:
633:
632:
585:
576:Times of Israel
570:Washington Post
531:
528:
501:
488:
463:
449:
447:
443:
440:
435:
432:
430:
428:
427:
381:
311:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1581:Petrochemicals
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:Fuel smuggling
1563:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:Power stations
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:Energy in Iran
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1345:
1344:External links
1342:
1339:
1338:
1318:
1304:
1274:
1248:
1245:. Haaretz.com.
1233:
1214:
1194:
1174:
1154:
1140:
1117:
1092:
1067:
1055:
1043:whitehouse.gov
1030:
1005:
980:
958:
936:
919:
890:
863:
838:
826:
798:
796:, The Guardian
786:
764:
742:
721:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
706:
703:
683:, and several
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
596:
595:
594:
584:
581:
554:In March 2023
526:
499:
487:
484:
462:
459:
383:
382:
380:
379:
372:
365:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
334:UN resolutions
331:
326:
321:
314:
307:
302:
297:
289:
288:
284:
283:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
226:
225:
221:
220:
219:
218:
213:
212:
211:
201:
193:
192:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
178:
173:
168:
158:
153:
148:
143:
135:
134:
130:
129:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
104:
103:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2014:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:Privatization
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
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1632:Iran–Armenia
1461:Oil reserves
1330:. Retrieved
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1297:11 September
1295:. Retrieved
1291:the original
1287:farsnews.com
1286:
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1267:11 September
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1080:the original
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305:Iran and WMD
300:AMAD Project
176:Negotiations
78:
1951: /
1880:MAPNA Group
1774:Caspian Sea
1538:Persian LNG
1510:Natural gas
906:GOV/2009/74
834:GOV/2009/74
639:Google Maps
519:in Fordow.
448: /
274:Fakhrizadeh
224:Individuals
1966:Categories
1939:50°59′53″E
1936:34°53′04″N
1740:Wind power
1690:Facilities
1332:2024-09-04
1283:"Farsnews"
1208:2024-09-04
1188:2024-09-04
1168:2024-09-04
1134:2024-09-04
1111:2024-09-04
1086:2019-10-19
1049:2024-09-04
1024:2024-09-04
999:2024-09-04
857:2009-09-25
820:2009-09-26
758:2009-09-25
717:References
672:response.
506:Under the
461:Disclosure
436:50°59′45″E
433:34°53′05″N
55:Facilities
1887:Sanctions
1705:Darkhovin
1662:Neka–Jask
1642:Iran–Oman
1614:Pipelines
1429:Petroleum
1419:Transport
779:March 27,
642:satellite
269:ElBaradei
264:Aghazadeh
171:Aftermath
166:Reactions
74:Darkhovin
1722:Timeline
1553:Gasoline
1523:Iran LNG
993:BBC News
705:See also
527:—
486:Capacity
242:Larijani
48:Timeline
24:a series
22:Part of
1982:Uranium
1767:Related
1750:Bitumen
1700:Bushehr
1677:Nuclear
1657:Nabucco
1480:Defunct
1409:Economy
1261:irna.ir
973:1 March
951:1 March
883:1 March
736:Haaretz
583:History
416:uranium
402:, near
287:Related
237:Rouhani
115:Oghab 2
69:Bushehr
1860:AzarAb
1794:ISOICO
1710:Fordow
912:25 May
877:JURIST
685:Majles
654:Israel
420:Natanz
404:Fordow
279:Salehi
259:Abbasi
247:Jalili
84:Natanz
79:Fordow
26:on the
1865:HEPCO
1804:SADRA
1594:Marun
931:(PDF)
902:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
647:meter
252:Zarif
1870:IDRO
1848:and
1732:Wind
1695:Arak
1466:OPEC
1299:2015
1269:2015
975:2012
953:2012
914:2012
885:2012
781:2012
699:IAEA
565:IAEA
392:FFEP
125:P5+1
64:Arak
1019:CNN
662:Qom
613:KML
557:CNN
400:Qom
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