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Aftermath of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

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Iran has test-fired a ballistic missile and announced the conviction of American journalist Jason Rezaian, fueling suspicions the historic nuclear agreement has allowed Tehran's Islamist clerics to step up their long-held anti-U.S. agenda. Washington's closest Mideast allies, particularly Israel and Saudi Arabia, are more broadly concerned about Iran's ability to use the diplomatic cover provided by the nuclear accord—and the promised release of tens of billions of dollars of frozen oil revenues—to strengthen its regional position and that of its allies. Iran last month launched a joint military operation with Russia in Syria aimed at stabilizing the administration of President Bashar al-Assad, Tehran's closest regional ally, according to Iranian and Russian officials. Iran has also continued to ship arms and money to Houthi rebels in Yemen, who seized the country's capital this year but are now facing an expansive counteroffensive led by Saudi Arabia, according to Arab officials. Fears are mounting in Washington and Europe that these two conflicts could fuel a much broader regional war, in which Iran and Saudi Arabia are the chief protagonists. ... Mr. Obama's critics in Washington are accusing the White House of having been duped by Moscow and Tehran in the late stages of the talks.
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watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, is committed under the deal to release a report by year-end about the status of Iran's alleged weaponization work. U.S. officials over the weekend said the IAEA report would have no bearing on moves by the international community to lift sanctions. The shifting U.S. position is stoking criticism from Republicans, who say the White House is essentially agreeing to whitewash the weaponization issue. They also charged Iran with growing more belligerent since the July nuclear agreement, with Tehran testing a ballistic missile this month and convicting a Washington Post journalist of espionage. 'In a key test of its commitment to the nuclear agreement, Iran has given minimum cooperation to international inspectors attempting to determine the extent of Iran's past bomb work,' said Rep. Ed Royce (R, Calif.), chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. 'If this is what the last 90 days look like, the next few years look like a disaster.'
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agreement is essentially meaningless and puts Iran in the driver's seat. Iran also knows that the president and his Democratic supporters in Congress will never allow new sanctions to be imposed. This fecklessness has already been interpreted by Tehran as American weakness. This is why Iran has expanded its support to Syrian president Assad since July. This is why Iran continues to hold four innocent Americans prisoner and arrested another one plus a U.S. green-card holder last fall. This is why Iran has tested ballistic missiles and appears to be harassing U.S. naval vessels in the Persian Gulf. The profound damage the nuclear deal is causing to international security by emb oldening Iran, increasing its profile in the Middle East as a regional hegemon, and severely undermining American influence and credibility is now becoming clear.
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political hard-liners began and the Revolutionary Guard intelligence apparatus "started rounding up journalists, activists and cultural figures"; state media circulated conspiracy theories about the United States, including that the CIA had downed a Russian civilian passenger jet in Egypt; Iranian and Lebanese citizens in Iran holding dual American citizenship were targeted for arrest on charges of "spying"; clothing manufacturers were prohibited from selling items featuring the American or British flags; and a state-sponsored demonstration was held outside the former
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Counterproliferation Initiative efforts "to lure top Iranian targets into traveling internationally in order to arrest them". The Obama administration also paid $ 400 million in euros, Swiss francs and other foreign currencies on 17 January 2016, the same day Iran released four American prisoners, as the first installment of a $ 1.7 billion settlement.
793:, the world's largest oil service company, announced that it had signed a preliminary deal to study an Iranian oil field. According to Schlumberger's spokesperson, this was a memorandum of understanding with the state-run National Iranian Oil Company "for the non-disclosure of data required for a technical evaluation of a field development prospect". 946:, Arash Ghahreman, convicted of money laundering and sanctions violations for exporting navigation equipment to Iran, Nima Golestaneh, convicted of hacking, and Ali Saboonchi, convicted of sanctions violations—and the dismissal of outstanding charges against 14 Iranians outside the United States. A fifth American, student and researcher 1150:, and Foreign Ministry spokesman said that the extension of sanctions would be a breach of the nuclear deal. Some Iranian officials said that Iran might ramp up uranium enrichment in response. In January 2017 representatives from Iran, P5+1 and EU gathered in Vienna's Palais Coburg hotel to address Iran's complaint about the US bill. 1077:
accommodating U.S. interests, seeking instead to humiliate the United States and spread propaganda. Gigot noted Iran's desire to be the dominant power in the Mideast and would work to promote instability there while using the nuclear agreement as a "shield" to protect from criticism of its "imperialist" behavior.
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observers noted from the time that the framework was entered into in April 2015 "that the United States and Iran still find themselves on opposite sides of most of the conflicts that have pitched the Arab world into chaos" and that the agreement was "unlikely" to cause Iran to become a firm partner of the West.
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The United States is quickly discovering how tragically impotent the nuclear deal with Iran is. Last week, Iran tested two new ballistic missiles that the United States claimed violated United Nations restrictions on Iran's missile program. The White House suggested imposing a new round of sanctions
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Now with Iran, the question is whether the past will prove prologue—or Obama's gamble will bear fruit. Anyone would hope that a nuclear deal, which will boost Iran's economy by lifting sanctions, would moderate the regime, thus easing Israeli worries, reducing Sunni-Shiite infighting and stabilizing
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reported that a variety of factors made it more likely that Iran's stance would harden once the agreement was in place, with one Iran expert saying that Iran's "nice, smiling face" would now disappear as the country pursued more adversarial stances, and policy analysts saying that by negotiating the
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The International Atomic Energy Agency's most recent report on Iran's nuclear activities provides insufficient details on important verification and monitoring issues. The report does not list inventories of nuclear materials and equipment or the status of key sites and facilities. Without detailed
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The smart money, however, would bet that the deal, which paves the way for eventual Iranian nuclear weaponry, will embolden the regime to double-down on its anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism and hegemonic activism. That, in turn, will force a change in approach to Iran by whoever follows Obama in the
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Ali Khamenei banned allowing international inspectors into military sites. Trump and his administration said that Iranian military facilities could be used for nuclear-related activities barred under the agreement. Iran rejected Trump's request to allow inspection of Iran's military sites. However,
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On 4 March 2016 Olli Heinonen, former Deputy Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, wrote, "the International Atomic Energy Agency's most recent report on Iran's nuclear activities provides insufficient details on important verification and monitoring issues," and said that the
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diplomatic correspondent Jonathan Marcus reported that the nuclear agreement "had clearly been decisive in prompting the UK embassy to be reopened", stating that British-Iranian "ties have slowly been warming but it is clearly the successful conclusion of the nuclear accord with Iran that has paved
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Tensions between the United States and Iran, rather than easing as a result of July's nuclear accord, are increasing over a wide spectrum of issues tied to the broader Middle East security landscape and to domestic Iranian politics, current and former U.S. officials say. Just in the past two days,
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The refusal by the United States and its allies to hold Iran accountable for launching ballistic missiles, failing to cooperate with the investigation, and amending the nuclear deal is a clear sign that they plan to ignore any Iranian noncompliance to protect the agreement. This means the nuclear
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reported, variously, that the Iranian government had invited a Lebanese-American to visit the country, and then arrested him for spying; the Ayatollah made a public statement that the slogan "Death to America" was "eternal"; a wave of anti-American billboards went up in the capital; a backlash by
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expressed concern about Iran's ability to use diplomatic cover and unfrozen money from the deal to strengthen its regional position and that of its allies. Critics in Washington accused the Obama administration of having been duped by Iran and Russia into accepting a deal that was antithetical to
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editorial page editor Paul Gigot argued in February 2016 that Iran's prohibited missile tests, capture of U.S. naval personnel, and other provocations were a sign that rapprochement hoped for by Iran's Western negotiating partners was not going to happen, saying the government had no interest in
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On 20 March 2017 the Trump administration formally certified that Iran was in compliance with JCPOA, but added that the country will be subject to non-nuclear, terrorism related, sanctions. The Trump administration refused to recertify Iran's compliance in October 2017, however, citing multiple
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wrote that the agreement "had a narrow—if understandable—focus on the minutia of Iran's nuclear program", and "he Obama administration repeatedly underscored that the negotiations weren't about Iran's other activities in the region: They were about the nuclear program." The U.S. government and
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Concerns from opponents of the deal continued to grow, however, as senior administration officials during the weekend played down the importance of a United Nations probe into whether Tehran has attempted to secretly develop the technologies needed to build atomic weapons. The U.N.'s nuclear
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The IAEA, EU, Russia and China have all affirmed that Iran is adhering to the terms of the JCPOA. The IAEA has repeatedly deemed Iran in compliance with the deal. The U.S. State Department has also certified that Iran is holding up its end of the bargain, and a host of experts affirmed these
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against "14 Iranians for whom it was assessed that extradition requests were unlikely to be successful." Senior U.S. officials defended the agreement as a good deal for the U.S., but some Justice Department officials and FBI and DHS agents were critical because this disrupted the National
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wrote that the U.S. administration's unwillingness to acknowledge any Iranian noncompliance had left the Iranians in control, and that the deal was undermining international security by emboldening Iran to act as a regional hegemon, at the expense of U.S. influence and credibility.
1099:, criticized the nuclear deal as "impotent" because it does not limit Iran's ballistic missile program, and UNSC Resolution 2231, which was adopted along with the deal, weakened the limits Iran's ballistic missile program that had been imposed by previous UNSC resolutions. 1168:, Iran was not in compliance because under the terms of the deal, Iran was supposed to reveal all of its research into nuclear weapons, and that based on evidence presented by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on 30 April 2018, "it seems clear that they did not." 626:
certified that Iran was still abiding by the deal. In May 2019 the IAEA certified that Iran was abiding by the main terms of the deal, though questions were raised about how many advanced centrifuges Iran was allowed to have, as that was only loosely defined in the deal.
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and awaiting trial on espionage charges—in exchange for the United States' release of seven Iranian Americans—Bahram Mechanic, Khosrow Afghahi and Tooraj Faridi, charged with sanctions violations, Nader Modanlo, convicted of helping launch Iranian satellite
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s report, Iran's banks are indeed being reconnected to SWIFT but there have been "too few" transactions because European and US banks are "worried about the risks" of dealing with them and "scarred by a string of multibillion-dollar fines".
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wrote, "nyone who hoped that Iran's nuclear agreement with the United States and other powers portended a new era of openness with the West has been jolted with a series of increasingly rude awakenings over the past few weeks." The
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that if the agreement was fully implemented, "Iran can expect a rapid expansion of scientific cooperation with Western powers. As its nuclear facilities are repurposed, scientists from Iran and abroad will team up in areas such as
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In May 2019 the IAEA certified that Iran was abiding by the main terms of the deal, though questions were raised about how many advanced centrifuges Iran was allowed to have, as that was only loosely defined in the deal.
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missiles carrying the inscription, "Israel should be wiped off the Earth." Israel called on Western powers to punish Iran for the tests, which U.S. officials said did not violate the nuclear deal but might violate
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reported that "consumer-oriented companies, in particular, could find opportunity in this country with 81 million consumers," many of whom are young and prefer Western products. Iran is "considered a strong
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Amano insisted that IAEA inspectors were entitled to inspect military sites under the agreement, although the IAEA has avoided requesting access to any military sites since the deal went into effect.
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Meanwhile, the administration was also accused of whitewashing Iran's failure to cooperate fully with the IAEA investigation into the possible military dimensions of its past nuclear work.
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for another decade. The Obama administration and outside experts said the extension would have no practical effect and risked antagonizing Iran. Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah
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but abruptly ran into legal turbulence. It seems that the nuclear deal may make it difficult, if not impossible, to rein in Tehran's ballistic missile ambitions.
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and adding that it is "the Supreme Court of the United States, not the Supreme Court of the world. We're not under its jurisdiction, nor is our money."
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said, "the agreement that's included in the JCPOA does not include giving Iran access to the US financial system or to allow the execution of so-called
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reported that the White House had hired an Israeli intelligence firm in May 2017 to search for unsavory information on Obama administration officials
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said that these efforts by Trump and Netanyahu appear to have been intended "not so much to discredit the deal but to undermine those around it."
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met with the Iranian oil minister in Vienna in June, the month before the JCPOA was announced, and sought business opportunities in Iran.
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The Trump administration said that Trump personally lobbied dozens of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May
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The narrow nuclear non-proliferation focus of the deal was criticized by the agreement's opponents (such as Lawrence J. Hass of the
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and 18 percent of natural gas reserves. Millions of barrels of Iranian oil might come onto global markets, lowering the price of
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report's lack of detailed data prevented the international community from verifying whether Iran was complying with the deal.
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findings. IAEA Director General Amano said, "Iran is subject to the world's most robust nuclear verification regime."
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reporting, the international community cannot be sure that Iran is upholding its commitments under the nuclear deal.
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Hours before the official announcement of the activation of JCPOA on 16 January 2016, Iran released four imprisoned
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With the prospective lifting of some sanctions, the agreement was expected to have a significant impact on both the
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deal with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, Obama had "made an investment in the stability of the regime".
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On 8 and 9 March 2016 the IRGC conducted ballistic missile tests as part of its military drills, with one of the
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called the ruling "highway robbery", excoriating the court for a previous ruling holding Iran responsible for
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and global markets. The energy sector is particularly important, with Iran having nearly 10 percent of global
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Three months after implementation, Iran was unable to tap about $ 100 billion held abroad. On 15 April 2016
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sanctioned Iranian and British companies for involvement in the Iranian ballistic missile program.
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Iran has violated the terms of its nuclear deal, according to the UN's nuclear monitoring agency.
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noted that Iran had recently carried out ballistic missile tests, announced the conviction of
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was one of the first Western companies to re-establish commercial ties following the deal.
384: 283: 2988:"The Senate Vote to Extend Iran Sanctions Is A Symbolic Move that Could Antagonize Tehran" 717:, economists and private sector representatives, claimed the news was false. According to 8: 4442: 4293: 4137: 4017: 3618: 2805:– via Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. 2529:"Obama's Ill-Advised Gamble: The president's approach to Iran is unlikely to outlast him" 992: 954: 688: 172: 3081:"President Rouhani Warns of Iran's Firm Response to Implementation of ISA by Washington" 3080: 2087: 2027: 1997: 1761:"Iran's Javad Zarif on the Fraying Nuclear Deal, U.S. Relations, and Holocaust Cartoons" 1396: 874:, some of which were condemned by Iran as possible violations of the deal. According to 675:
The economic impact of a partial lifting of sanctions extends beyond the energy sector;
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After the adoption of the JCPOA, the United States imposed several new non-nuclear
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Changes in Iranian oil production in response to sanctions and the JCPOA, 2011–2018
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In February 2016, after the end of a four-year restriction, Iranian banks—except
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during his Washington trip to discuss the concerns. White House Press Secretary
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In February 2019 the IAEA certified that Iran was still abiding by the deal.
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On 21 May 2016 Zarif, during a meeting with his New Zealander counterpart
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Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
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that Iran had gotten "almost nothing" from the accord. He also met
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As part of the exchange, the U.S. government dropped charges and
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Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
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The P5+1 are also sometimes referred to as the "E3+3", for the "
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Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
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on the anniversary of the takeover and hostage crisis in 1979.
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Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
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United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
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Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
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December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
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Mostaghim, Ramin; McDonnell, Patrick J. (9 March 2016).
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permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
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Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
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Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
3680:
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
3368:“Article outlining IAEA stated breaches of agreement “ 1138:
On 1 December 2016 the U.S. Senate voted to renew the
905:, insisted that the "U.S. must take practical steps". 5231:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
4880:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
2101:
Morello, Carol; Branigin, William (12 October 2015).
2094: 2050: 1246:
United States national emergency with respect to Iran
838:
reopened almost four years after it was closed after
545: 5296:
Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
4216:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
2628: 2626: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1184: 4433:
Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
2747: 2600:Schwartz, Felicia; Solomon, Jay (19 October 2015). 1580:Bill Spindle, Nicole Friedman & Benoît Faucon, 713:. But many Iranian observers, including critics of 2439:"US sent plane with $ 400 million in cash to Iran" 2132:Sciutto, Jim; Carter, Chelsea J. (11 April 2014). 1933: 1558:"A New Stream of Oil for Iran, but Not Right Away" 1324:"UN chief welcomes implementation day under JCPOA" 774:must be given to families of people killed in the 4938:Iranian Students Association in the United States 3118:"Why Iran's nuclear program is back on US agenda" 2928:"Statement by IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano" 2623: 1835: 1326:. Islamic Republic News Agency. 17 January 2016. 1300:. Islamic Republic News Agency. 18 October 2015. 5415: 4473:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 2292:Fishel, Justin; Levine, Mike (19 January 2016). 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 807:In July 2015 Richard Stone wrote in the journal 2599: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2294:"Freed Iranians Never Boarded Flight Out of US" 2100: 1510: 1508: 892:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 4684:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 4664:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 4634:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports 4522:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq 4211:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush 4123:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz 4118:Interests Section of Iran in the United States 3898:DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company 1884: 1474: 1472: 925:, who had been convicted of espionage, former 908: 477:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive 4830:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act 4054: 3481: 3045: 3043: 2520: 2338: 2318:"Seven Iranians Freed by US in Prisoner Swap" 2245: 2131: 1885:Townsend, Mark; Borger, Julian (5 May 2018). 1792:"Schlumberger Signs Early Oil Deal With Iran" 1582:"Iran Deal Raises Prospect of Fresh Oil Glut" 555: 501: 4952:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 4948:Organization of Iranian American Communities 2593: 2558: 2291: 1998:"Iran 'launches two new ballistic missiles'" 1505: 858:and Colin Kahl. Former UK Foreign Secretary 5311:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 4169:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 2899: 2679: 2371:"Cases of Two Detained in Iran Are Mystery" 1469: 5306:United States involvement in regime change 5291:Opposition to military action against Iran 4855:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act 4696:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 4061: 4047: 3652:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field 3488: 3474: 3040: 2186: 1960: 508: 494: 222:Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center 29: 4649:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 4383:International Maritime Security Construct 3388:"Annex II: Sanctions-related commitments" 3115: 2985: 2825:"Can Trump walk away from the Iran deal?" 2782: 2260: 1624: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1166:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1084:Protest against the Iran Nuclear deal in 5276:International Conference on Hollywoodism 4494:America can't do a damn thing against us 4113:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran 4103:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States 2844: 2842: 2788: 2658: 2632: 1678: 1620: 1618: 1079: 1003: 639: 4991:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 3416: 3321: 3290: 3233: 2569: 1651: 1348: 950:, left Iran in a separate arrangement. 840:protesters attacked the embassy in 2011 684:play" by investment and trading firms. 457:Iran–United States relations after 1979 5416: 4986:National Council of Resistance of Iran 4143:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group 3400:"Annex III: Civil nuclear cooperation" 3383:"Annex I: Nuclear-related commitments" 3105:. Tasnim News Agency. 2 December 2016. 3018:"US, Iran nuclear deal: USA sanctions" 2986:Schulberg, Jessica (1 December 2016). 2873: 2791:"The IAEA's Latest Report Falls Short" 2685: 2192: 1789: 1758: 1731: 1567: 1541: 1514: 961: 5333:American Institute of Iranian Studies 4912:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity 4691:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape 4042: 3469: 3215:from the original on 11 February 2018 3146: 3128:from the original on 26 December 2018 3116:LaFranchi, Howard (1 December 2016). 3061:from the original on 1 September 2017 2964:from the original on 10 November 2016 2908:from the original on 28 December 2017 2839: 2819: 2659:Bertrand, Natasha (7 November 2015). 2351:from the original on 25 December 2018 2261:Domonoske, Camila (19 January 2016). 2233:from the original on 27 February 2016 2068:from the original on 25 December 2018 1802:from the original on 28 November 2016 1625:Vatankhah, Khatereh (21 April 2016). 1615: 1382: 1172:Dispute over access to military sites 865: 4771:United States sanctions against Iran 4564:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 4559:United States diplomatic cables leak 4108:Embassy of the United States, Tehran 3378:"Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" 3322:Bengali, Shashank (30 August 2017). 3272:from the original on 23 January 2018 3234:Bengali, Shashank (30 August 2017). 2934:from the original on 14 October 2017 2633:Erdbrink, Thomas (3 November 2015). 2526: 2449:from the original on 8 November 2021 2393:Michael Pearson & Elise Labott, 2273:from the original on 29 January 2016 1771:from the original on 29 January 2018 1652:Torchia, Andrew (17 February 2016). 847:the way for the embassy reopening". 4512:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 3334:from the original on 6 January 2018 3246:from the original on 6 January 2018 3083:. Fars News Agency. 4 December 2016 2998:from the original on 5 January 2018 2874:Borger, Julian (1 September 2017). 2753: 2306:from the original on 15 March 2016. 1790:Faucon, Benoit (27 November 2016). 1713:from the original on 20 August 2021 556: 535: 428:Assassination of nuclear scientists 13: 5484:Obama administration controversies 5281:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 5143:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran 4351:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 4226:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 4133:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 4001:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 3565:Iranian Central Oil Fields Company 3555:National Iranian South Oil Company 3495: 3299:. Associated Press. Archived from 2766:from the original on 18 March 2016 2539:from the original on 11 March 2016 2527:Haas, Lawrence J. (7 April 2015). 2328:from the original on 1 March 2016. 2174:from the original on 18 March 2016 2113:from the original on 11 March 2016 2038:from the original on 20 March 2016 2008:from the original on 22 March 2016 1978:from the original on 25 March 2016 1948:from the original on 24 March 2016 1740:from the original on 21 April 2017 1732:Hurley, Lawrence (20 April 2016). 1687:from the original on 18 April 2016 1679:Foroohar, Kambiz (15 April 2016). 1633:from the original on 24 April 2016 1478: 1256:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 968:Criticism of the Iran nuclear deal 762:Supreme Court of the United States 624:International Atomic Energy Agency 523:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 337:Iranian act implementing the JCPOA 253:International Atomic Energy Agency 243:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran 35:Officials announcing the agreement 14: 5500: 4966:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 4943:National Iranian American Council 4906:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 4865:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act 4706:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 4098:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. 3713:Special industrial economic zones 3456:"The Iran Nuclear Deal Explained" 3446:Iran Nuclear Deal Progress Report 3350: 3159:from the original on 21 July 2017 2735:from the original on 3 April 2016 2698:from the original on 9 March 2016 2667:from the original on 5 March 2016 2415:Obama's hidden Iran deal giveaway 2339:Carol Morello (17 January 2016). 2144:from the original on 4 March 2016 1660:from the original on 28 June 2017 1409:from the original on 14 June 2016 1330:from the original on 9 April 2019 1304:from the original on 9 April 2019 547:barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak 5400: 5399: 5203:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees 4517:Disappearance of Robert Levinson 4388:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 4378:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 4373:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 4080: 4070: 3608: 3361:European External Action Service 2686:Fleitz, Fred (13 January 2016). 2570:Solomon, Jay (12 October 2015). 2322:United States Institute of Peace 1830:doi:10.1126/science.349.6246.356 1828:, Vol. 349 no. 6246 pp. 356–57, 1529:from the original on 31 May 2019 1515:Murphy, Francois (31 May 2019). 1493:from the original on 9 July 2019 1369:– via www.theguardian.com. 1361:from the original on 10 May 2019 1215: 1201: 1187: 1014:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 171: 5424:2015 in international relations 5241:Anti-American sentiment in Iran 4721:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes 4701:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 4644:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 4361:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 4023:National Iranian Tanker Company 3315: 3284: 3258: 3227: 3201: 3189:from the original on 5 May 2018 3171: 3147:Aleem, Zeeshan (21 July 2017). 3140: 3109: 3095: 3073: 3010: 2979: 2946: 2920: 2893: 2867: 2813: 2789:Heinonen, Olli (4 March 2016). 2496: 2479: 2461: 2431: 2407: 2387: 2363: 2332: 2310: 2285: 2215: 2156: 2125: 2080: 2058:"The U.S. Senate Takes on Iran" 2020: 1990: 1901: 1878: 1859: 1814: 1783: 1759:Wright, Robin (25 April 2016). 1752: 1725: 1699: 1672: 1645: 1591: 1164:, a Middle East scholar at the 1097:American Foreign Policy Council 982:American Foreign Policy Council 482:Views on Iran's nuclear program 289:2015 prelim agreement, Lausanne 54:N/A (ratification not required) 4840:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act 4639:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 4624:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani 4284:United States support for Iraq 4128:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 3708:National Petrochemical Company 3410:"Annex V: Implementation Plan" 2725:"Iran's Emboldened Ayatollahs" 1445: 1421: 1389: 1373: 1349:Holpuch, Amanda (8 May 2018). 1342: 1316: 1290: 1267: 803:Science and technology in Iran 284:2013 interim agreement, Geneva 1: 4711:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 3627:Gas Exporting Countries Forum 3122:The Christian Science Monitor 2487:"Was the Iran Deal Worth It?" 1283: 1251:2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident 1126: 1110: 829: 796: 776:1983 Beirut barracks bombings 5489:Presidency of Hassan Rouhani 5459:Iran–United States relations 4835:Iran Freedom and Support Act 4820:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 4554:Detention of American hikers 4478:1980 October Surprise theory 4077:Iran–United States relations 3731:Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran 3698:Asaluyeh industrial corridor 3670:2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan 3637:National Iranian Gas Company 3560:Iranian Offshore Oil Company 3550:National Iranian Oil Company 3523:Energy subsidies reform plan 3405:"Annex IV: Joint Commission" 3371:Full text of the agreement: 2900:John Kruzel (14 June 2017). 2760:U.S. News & World Report 2533:U.S. News & World Report 1875:, BBC News (20 August 2015). 1856:, BBC News (23 August 2015). 1241:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 294:2015 final agreement, Vienna 7: 4956:United Against Nuclear Iran 4532:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 3268:. Reuters. 29 August 2017. 1180: 909:Iran–U.S. prisoner exchange 770:that almost $ 2 billion of 635: 546: 365:Iranian nuclear negotiators 10: 5505: 5454:July 2015 events in Europe 5388:Not for the Faint of Heart 5363:Saint Peter Church, Tehran 5338:American School of Isfahan 5301:State Sponsor of Terrorism 4875:Dames & Moore v. Regan 4716:2022 Erbil missile attacks 4408:Operation Martyr Soleimani 4398:Thirteen revenge scenarios 4368:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 3794:Atomic Energy Organization 1429:"You say P5+1, I say E3+3" 965: 800: 738:said in an interview with 709:banks— reconnected to the 5464:Middle East peace efforts 5397: 5226:1998 FIFA World Cup match 5218: 4920: 4825:Iran Nonproliferation Act 4776:Maximum pressure campaign 4761: 4674:2021 Erbil rocket attacks 4423: 4271: 4151: 4090: 3959:National Development Fund 3935:Foreign direct investment 3875: 3857: 3839: 3784: 3721: 3688: 3660: 3617: 3606: 3596:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 3588: 3545: 3536: 3503: 3450:Nuclear Threat Initiative 3393:"Attachments to Annex II" 3211:. Fox News. 20 May 2015. 2930:. IAEA. 13 October 2017. 1223:Nuclear technology portal 836:British embassy in Tehran 630: 571:, is an agreement on the 563:), commonly known as the 145:Nuclear non-proliferation 140: 97: 83: 58: 48: 40: 28: 21:Joint Comprehensive Plan 20: 5343:Community School, Tehran 5103:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 4981:National Council of Iran 4976:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 4895:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 4654:2019 K-1 Air Base attack 4569:Strait of Hormuz dispute 4502:Beirut barracks bombings 4458:Operation Credible Sport 4334:Operation Praying Mantis 4174:1953 Iranian coup d'état 4028:Jey Oil Refining Company 3867:Jey Oil Refining Company 2509:26 December 2018 at the 2420:30 December 2018 at the 2404:, CNN (16 January 2016). 2400:26 December 2018 at the 1852:5 September 2015 at the 1604:25 December 2018 at the 1261: 1140:Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) 896:U.S. Treasury Department 822:, and radioisotopes for 767:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 715:Rouhani's administration 579:on 14 July 2015 between 332:Nuclear Achievements Act 314:United States withdrawal 274:Non-Proliferation Treaty 266:International agreements 227:Karun atomic energy site 5474:Nuclear program of Iran 4845:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment 4592:Nuclear program of Iran 4329:Operation Nimble Archer 4314:Operation Eager Glacier 3460:The Wall Street Journal 2729:The Wall Street Journal 2606:The Wall Street Journal 2576:The Wall Street Journal 2382:The Wall Street Journal 2376:18 October 2017 at the 2062:The Wall Street Journal 1796:The Wall Street Journal 1610:The Wall Street Journal 1586:The Wall Street Journal 1434:8 November 2017 at the 1074:The Wall Street Journal 989:The Wall Street Journal 573:Iranian nuclear program 536:برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک 445:against nuclear weapons 165:Nuclear program of Iran 5479:Nuclear weapons policy 5469:Nuclear energy in Iran 5368:Tehran American School 5251:CIA activities in Iran 4921:Groups and individuals 4900:Certain Iranian Assets 4890:United States v. Banki 4629:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou 4413:2020 Camp Taji attacks 4324:Operation Prime Chance 4319:Operation Earnest Will 4179:Abadan Crisis Timeline 3955:Oil Stabilization Fund 3888:Climate change in Iran 1458:11 August 2015 at the 1089: 1049:U.S. embassy in Tehran 1018: 876:Seyed Mohammad Marandi 872:sanctions against Iran 645: 462:Sanctions against Iran 5286:Iranian frozen assets 5108:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan 4815:Executive Order 13876 4810:Executive Order 13780 4793:Executive Order 13769 4788:Executive Order 12172 4783:Executive Order 12170 4748:Tower 22 drone attack 4507:Khobar Towers bombing 4453:Guadeloupe Conference 3950:Ministry of Petroleum 3893:Construction industry 3328:The Los Angeles Times 2194:Bailey, Sarah Pulliam 1083: 1007: 772:Iranian frozen assets 760:On 20 April 2016 the 744:Secretary of Treasury 643: 622:In February 2019 the 5208:Abdul Majid Muhammed 4933:Iran–America Society 4679:2021 Natanz incident 4669:2020 Iran explosions 4463:Operation Eagle Claw 4425:Incidents after 1979 4236:Joint Plan of Action 4164:Persian Gulf Command 3930:Environmental issues 3642:Natural gas reserves 2823:(11 November 2016). 2663:. Business Insider. 1871:27 June 2018 at the 1442:(30 September 2009). 1155:2017 Brussels summit 1029:American interests. 955:Interpol red notices 939:alcohol prohibitions 880:University of Tehran 789:On 27 November 2016 740:Bloomberg Television 732:Central Bank of Iran 443:Ali Khamenei's fatwa 5256:Copyright relations 4587:2016 Naval incident 4443:Iran hostage crisis 4294:Iran Air Flight 655 4206:Island of Stability 4138:Iranian Directorate 4018:Naftiran Intertrade 3920:Dams and reservoirs 3303:on 4 September 2017 3057:. 11 January 2017. 2992:The Huffington Post 2731:. 1 February 2016. 2475:. 7 September 2016. 2345:The Washington Post 2324:. 16 January 2016. 2229:. 25 January 2016. 2202:The Washington Post 2196:(16 January 2016). 2107:The Washington Post 1384:[bæɾˈdʒɒːm] 1131:On 9 November 2016 962:Continued criticism 878:, professor at the 834:In August 2015 the 755:U-turn transactions 692:PSA Peugeot Citroën 451:Manufactured Crisis 279:Additional Protocol 60:Date effective 5449:2016 controversies 5444:2015 controversies 5353:Iran Bethel School 5328:Alborz High School 5163:Abdolreza Shahlaei 5138:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh 5123:Mohammad Mosaddegh 5098:Amir Mirza Hekmati 5088:Mahmoud Reza Banki 5038:Erwin David Rabhan 5003:Howard Baskerville 4885:Oil Platforms case 4860:Public Law 113-100 4537:2008 Naval dispute 4438:Iranian Revolution 4304:Iran–Contra affair 4289:Bridgeton incident 3945:Ministry of Energy 3580:Petroleum industry 3513:Petroleum industry 3055:Tasnim News Agency 3028:on 2 December 2016 2754:Robbins, James S. 2639:The New York Times 2384:(17 January 2015). 2369:Felicia Schwartz, 2138:Cable News Network 1972:The Jerusalem Post 1915:on 18 October 2017 1562:The New York Times 1479:Murphy, Francois. 1090: 1088:, 9 September 2015 1038:The New York Times 1019: 948:Matthew Trevithick 866:Continued tensions 677:The New York Times 646: 349:US Congress review 5411: 5410: 5113:Mohammad Hosseini 5008:William J. Fallon 4928:Iran Action Group 4743:2024 Erbil attack 4549:Project Cassandra 4309:Operation Staunch 4196:Project Dark Gene 4036: 4035: 3984:Machine Sazi Arak 3925:Energy superpower 3604: 3603: 3432:on 4 August 2015. 3240:Los Angeles Times 2515:Los Angeles Times 2473:Los Angeles Times 2445:. 4 August 2016. 2170:. 12 April 2014. 2064:. 25 March 2016. 2034:. 16 March 2016. 1974:. 12 March 2016. 1941:Los Angeles Times 1709:. 15 April 2016. 1556:Clifford Krauss, 1464:Arms Control Wonk 1453:"E3/EU+3 or P5+1" 1035:In November 2015 915:Iranian Americans 689:auto manufacturer 662:Royal Dutch Shell 565:Iran nuclear deal 544: 518: 517: 342:Majlis commission 150: 149: 76: 70: 5496: 5403: 5402: 5358:Iranzamin School 5348:Damavand College 5321:Alavi Foundation 5316:650 Fifth Avenue 5266:Dual containment 5261:Death to America 5173:Masoud Soleimani 5093:Haleh Esfandiari 5058:Michael R. White 4803:Trump travel ban 4607:Operation Merlin 4346:Yemeni Civil War 4341:Syrian civil war 4191:Exercise Delawar 4159:Persian Corridor 4091:Diplomatic posts 4085: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4013:Strait of Hormuz 3612: 3543: 3542: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3433: 3428:. Archived from 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3053:. Tehran, Iran: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3024:. Archived from 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2804: 2802: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2721: 2712: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2630: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2612: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2567: 2556: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2524: 2518: 2500: 2494: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2435: 2429: 2428:(24 April 2017). 2411: 2405: 2391: 2385: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2258: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2032:Fars News Agency 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2004:. 9 March 2016. 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1911:. Archived from 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1882: 1876: 1863: 1857: 1844: 1833: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1622: 1613: 1595: 1589: 1578: 1565: 1554: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1512: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1476: 1467: 1449: 1443: 1427:Joshua Keating, 1425: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1405:. 22 July 2015. 1393: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1294: 1278: 1271: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1093:James S. Robbins 1086:Washington, D.C. 1056:Business Insider 1011: 987:In October 2015 725: 559: 558: 549: 539: 537: 510: 503: 496: 175: 152: 151: 75:(Implementation) 74: 73:16 January 2016 68: 67:18 October 2015 33: 24: 18: 17: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5439:2010s in Vienna 5414: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5393: 5214: 5073:Saeid Aboutaleb 5053:Craig Wadsworth 5028:Stephen D. Mull 5018:Joseph Macmanus 4916: 4757: 4612:Charming Kitten 4574:RQ-170 incident 4542:Filipino Monkey 4488:Algiers Accords 4419: 4356:Abraham Accords 4267: 4261:U.S. withdrawal 4147: 4086: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4037: 4032: 4006:U.S. withdrawal 3908:Khatam al-Anbia 3871: 3853: 3835: 3826:Nuclear program 3780: 3761:Korpeje–Kordkuy 3746:Iran–Iraq–Syria 3717: 3684: 3656: 3613: 3600: 3584: 3532: 3499: 3494: 3422:"The Iran Deal" 3353: 3348: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2984: 2980: 2967: 2965: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2818: 2814: 2800: 2798: 2797:on 9 April 2016 2787: 2783: 2769: 2767: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2723: 2722: 2715: 2701: 2699: 2692:National Review 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2657: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2624: 2610: 2608: 2598: 2594: 2580: 2578: 2568: 2559: 2551: 2542: 2540: 2525: 2521: 2511:Wayback Machine 2502:Doyle McManus, 2501: 2497: 2493:(16 July 2015). 2484: 2480: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422:Wayback Machine 2412: 2408: 2402:Wayback Machine 2392: 2388: 2378:Wayback Machine 2368: 2364: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2333: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2259: 2246: 2236: 2234: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2191: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2114: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1979: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1951: 1949: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1883: 1879: 1873:Wayback Machine 1864: 1860: 1854:Wayback Machine 1845: 1836: 1820:Richard Stone, 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1788: 1784: 1774: 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3257: 3226: 3200: 3185:. 2 May 2018. 3170: 3139: 3108: 3094: 3072: 3039: 3009: 2978: 2958:Deutsche Welle 2945: 2919: 2904:. PolitiFact. 2892: 2866: 2838: 2821:Rubin, Michael 2812: 2781: 2746: 2713: 2678: 2651: 2622: 2592: 2557: 2519: 2495: 2478: 2460: 2430: 2406: 2386: 2362: 2331: 2309: 2284: 2244: 2214: 2185: 2155: 2124: 2093: 2079: 2049: 2019: 1989: 1959: 1926: 1900: 1889:. The Observer 1877: 1858: 1834: 1813: 1782: 1765:The New Yorker 1751: 1724: 1698: 1671: 1644: 1629:. Al-Monitor. 1614: 1590: 1566: 1540: 1504: 1468: 1444: 1440:Foreign Policy 1420: 1388: 1372: 1341: 1315: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1231:Begin Doctrine 1227: 1226: 1212: 1198: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1170: 1162:David Makovsky 1133:Deutsche Welle 1128: 1125: 1112: 1109: 1008: 966:Main article: 963: 960: 910: 907: 903:Murray McCully 867: 864: 831: 828: 824:cancer therapy 816:nuclear fusion 798: 795: 736:Valiollah Seif 637: 634: 632: 629: 617:European Union 605:United Kingdom 516: 515: 513: 512: 505: 498: 490: 487: 486: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 467:UN resolutions 464: 459: 454: 447: 440: 435: 430: 422: 421: 417: 416: 415: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 388: 387: 382: 377: 372: 359: 358: 354: 353: 352: 351: 346: 345: 344: 334: 326: 325: 321: 320: 319: 318: 317: 316: 311: 306: 301: 291: 286: 281: 276: 268: 267: 263: 262: 261: 260: 255: 250: 245: 237: 236: 232: 231: 230: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 191: 190: 184: 183: 177: 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Index


Ratified
Date effective
Vienna
Austria
China
France
Germany
European Union
Iran
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
withdrew
Nuclear non-proliferation
a series
Nuclear program of Iran

Timeline
Facilities
Arak
Bushehr
Darkhovin
Fordow
Natanz
Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center
Karun atomic energy site
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
Oghab 2
International Atomic Energy Agency

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