Self-determination

5521: 7541:"External" self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and "internal" self-determination refers to the right to have a representative government with effective participation in the political process...The right to self-determination was at first limited to colonial territories' right to external self-determination. The right was made secondary to territorial integrity and national unity, effective "locking" colonial boundaries. In 1970, the right to self-determination was expanded to apply beyond colonial situations. This declaration linked self-determination's internal and external aspects by suggesting that a racial or religious group denied equal participation in the political process would be entitled to external self-determination, voiding the principle that territorial integrity or national unity should not be threatened in extreme cases. The Vienna Declaration (1993) broaded this argument to include ethnic groups denied effective political participation. While representation and effective participation is usually enough to satisfy a people's right to self-determination, a people may have the right to external self-determination when those conditions are not met. 5406:

also accepted and catalogued as "other answers" instead as null votes. The turnout in this consultation was about 2·3m people out of 6·2m people that were called to vote (this figure does not coincide with the census figure of 5·3m for two main reasons: first, because organisers had no access to an official census due to the non-binding character of the consultation, and second, because the legal voting age was set to 16 rather than 18). Due to the lack of an official census, potential voters were assigned to electoral tables according to home address and first family name. Participants had to sign up first with their full name and national ID in a voter registry before casting their ballot, which prevented participants from potentially casting multiple ballots. The overall result was 80·76% in favor of both questions, 11% in favor of the first question but not of the second questions, 4·54% against both; the rest were classified as "other answers". The voter turnout was around 37% (most people against the consultation did not go to vote). Four top members of Catalonia's political leadership were barred from public office for having defied the Constitutional court's last-minute ban.

4645: 3256: 6102: 6593: 5136: 7101: 5952:, he agreed to it and stated that a referendum needed to be held by the citizens in India, Pakistan, and Kashmir so that they could vote as to where Kashmir should accede to. This referendum that Mountbatten called for never took place and framed one of the legal disputes for Kashmir. In 1948 the United Nations intervened and ordered a plebiscite to be taken in order to hear the voices of the Kashmiris if they would like to accede to Pakistan or India. This plebiscite left out the right for Kashmiris to have the right of self-determination and become an autonomous state. To this date the Kashmiris have been faced with numerous human rights violations committed by both India and Pakistan and have yet to gain complete autonomy which they have been seeking through self-determination. 7195: 4686:

territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter". This, it is claimed, applies to situations where the territorial integrity of a state had been disrupted by colonisation, so that the people of a territory subject to a historic territorial claim are prevented from exercising a right to self-determination. This interpretation is rejected by many states, who argue that Paragraph 2 of UN Resolution 1514(XV) states that "all peoples have the right to self-determination" and Paragraph 6 cannot be used to justify territorial claims. The original purpose of Paragraph 6 was "to ensure that acts of self-determination occur within the established boundaries of colonies, rather than within sub-regions". Further, the use of the word

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regional police, which had been accused in the past of police brutality and impunity during the 15-M protests, prevented voting in over 500 polling stations without incidents. In some voting stations, the Catalan regional police did not intervene, while in other stations they directly confronted the Spanish CNP (National Police Corps) to allow voters to participate. The CNP confiscated ballot boxes and closed down 92, voting centres with violent truncheon charges. The opposition parties had called for non-participation. The turnout (according to the votes that were counted) was 2.3m out of 5.3m (43.03% of the census), and 90.18% of the ballots were in favour of independence. The turnout, ballot count and results were similar to those of the 2014 "consultation".

6344: 6240:(NNC), claimed that 99. 9% of the Nagas wanted an independent Naga country according to a referendum conducted by it. It waged a secessionist insurgency against the Government of India. The NNC collapsed after Phizo got his dissenters killed or forced them to seek refuge with the Government. Phizo escaped to London, while NNC's successor secessionist groups continued to stage violent attacks against the Indian Government. The Naga People's Convention (NPC), another major Naga organization, was opposed to the secessionists. Its efforts led to the creation of a separate Nagaland state within India in 1963. The secessionist violence declined considerably after the 5641: 4556: 5680: 4670: 7237: 5826: 5967: 5410: 4618: 5006: 4641:) of states as it is the will of the people that makes a state legitimate. This implies a people should be free to choose their own state and its territorial boundaries. However, there are far more self-identified nations than there are existing states and there is no legal process to redraw state boundaries according to the will of these peoples. According to the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, the UN, ICJ and international law experts, there is no contradiction between the principles of self-determination and territorial integrity, with the latter taking precedence. 6069: 7617:

incoherence will require a renewal of the links between autonomy, democracy, human rights and the right to self-determination. Central to cultivating this renewal should be the adoption of a more liberal and expansive interpretation of the meaning of self-determination. Self-determination does not have to mean irredentism, secession and the violent renegotiation of territorial frontiers. The promotion of minority rights, devolution, federalism and greater acknowledgement of the legitimacy of cultural self-expression are all expressions of self-determination.

6911:. At the end of WWII, Italian resistance troops entered South Tyrol and took over the administration against the wishes of the South Tyrolean resistance movement. The Allies subsequently granted South Tyrol to Italy, with the British foreign minister remarking that "in theory the Austrians have the better argument, however handing over the power stations of South Tyrol to them could openly give the Russians a helping hand with which they could pressurise Italy". The Allies pushed Italy to grant the region a high degree of autonomy, culminating in the 5882: 3601: 7279: 4136:, meaning that old administrative boundaries would become international boundaries upon independence if they had little relevance to linguistic, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. Nevertheless, justified by the language of self-determination, between 1946 and 1960, thirty-seven new nations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East gained independence from colonial powers. The territoriality issue inevitably would lead to more conflicts and independence movements within many states and challenges to the assumption that 6574: 7654:

millennium seems to be toward increasing the opposition to separatism, largely as a result of the grave effects observable in most cases where it has been attempted. One ICJ judge, Rosalyn Higgins, has writter that there is no legal right of secession where there is representative government. However, some other experts disagree, adding that self-determination is justifiable where there is representative government but the minority nevertheless faces severe human rights violations.

3778:, a city-state in which Poland had certain special rights. Through the city of Danzig was 90% German and 10% Polish, the surrounding countryside around Danzig was overwhelmingly Polish, and the ethnically Polish rural areas included in the Free City of Danzig objected, arguing that they wanted to be part of Poland. Neither the Poles nor the Germans were happy with this compromise and the Danzig issue became a flash-point of German-Polish tension throughout the interwar period. 9727:

expelled the Argentine garrison in 1833. The record is not nearly so dramatic. After the commander of the Lexington had declared, in December 1831, the Falklands 'free of all government', they remained without any visible authority. However, in September 1832, the Buenos Aires Government appointed an interim commandant to take charge of a penal settlement at San Carlos, the Government's reserve on East Falkland. The British representative immediately lodged a protest..."

4662:, author of seven books on self-determination and secession, supports territorial integrity as a moral and legal aspect of constitutional democracy. However, he also advances a "Remedial Rights Only Theory" where a group has "a general right to secede if and only if it has suffered certain injustices, for which secession is the appropriate remedy of last resort." He also would recognize secession if the state grants, or the constitution includes, a right to secede. 5259:, some Basques abstained and some voted against it in the referendum of December 6 of that year. It was approved by a clear majority at the Spanish level, and with 74.6% of the votes in the Basque Country. However, the overall turnout in the Basque Country was 45% when the Spanish overall turnover was 67.9%. The derived autonomous regime for the BAC was approved by Spanish Parliament and also by the Basque citizens in referendum. The autonomous statute of Navarre ( 1160: 14472: 12416: 6995: 3589: 5756: 4920: 4050: 6008: 3358: 49: 4386: 1224: 5320: 14482: 5186: 10355: 5343:. From 1999 to the present day, the indigenous people of Biafra have been agitating for independence to revive their country. They have registered a human rights organization known as Bilie Human Rights Initiative both in Nigeria and in the United Nations to advocate for their right to self-determination and achieve independence by the rule of law. 4097:, or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the people of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom. 5398:

referendum to be devolved, but this was turned down. In December 2013 the President of the Generalitat Artur Mas and the governing coalition agreed to set the referendum for self-determination on 9 November 2014, and legislation specifically saying that the consultation would not be a "referendum" was enacted, only to be blocked by the

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alternative status. Supporters of the commonwealth status had urged voters to blank their ballots. When the blank votes are counted as anti-statehood votes, the statehood option would have received less than 50% of all ballots received. As of January 2014, Washington has not taken action to address the results of this plebiscite.

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the conflict has left more than 47,000 to 100,000 people dead as of July 2009. However, violence in the state had fallen sharply after the start of a slow-moving peace process between India and Pakistan. After the peace process failed in 2008, mass demonstrations against Indian rule, and low-scale militancy emerged again.

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relationship, which was in turn guaranteed by international treaty, to which each of them consented. From its very inception the Republic of Cyprus was never a unitary state in which there is only one electorate with a majority and minority. The two communities were political equals and each existed as a political entity.

4246:. To achieve this, a variety of means was implemented, including the orchestration of coups, sponsoring of anti-communist countries and military interventions. Consequently, many self-determination movements, which spurned some type of anti-communist government, were accused of being Soviet-inspired or controlled. 5691:, and, since the United Kingdom also gave assurances that the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians would be respected in any transfer of sovereignty over the territory, is a factor in the dispute with Spain over the territory. The impact of the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians was seen in the 3706:, Asia, and Africa. The principle of self-determination did not extend so far as to end colonialism; under the reasoning that the local populations were not civilized enough the League of Nations was to assign each of the post-Ottoman, Asian and African states and colonies to a European power by the grant of a 8570:"Protracted conflicts in the GUAM area and their implications for international peace, security and development. The situation in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, Security Council, Sixty-third year/ General Assembly, Sixty-third session, Agenda items 13 and 18, A/63/664 – S/2008/823, 29 December 2008" 4601:

state's government, the unrepresented become a defined as a separate people. Present international law does not recognize ethnic and other minorities as separate peoples, with the notable exception of cases in which such groups are systematically disenfranchised by the government of the state they live in.

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which had arrived in the territories in 1962 and held hearings to determine public opinion. It also sifted through 1600 letters and memoranda submitted by individuals, organisations and political parties. Cobbold concluded that around two thirds of the population favoured to the formation of Malaysia

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has been accused by India of supporting and training both pro-Pakistan and pro-independence militants to fight Indian security forces in Jammu and Kashmir, a charge that Pakistan denies. According to official figures released in the Jammu and Kashmir assembly, there were 3,400 disappearance cases and

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The question in the consultation was "Do you want Catalonia to be a State?" and, if the answer to this question was yes, "Do you want this State to be an independent State?". However, as the consultation was not a formal referendum, these (printed) answers were just suggestions and other answers were

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in transforming the existing internal borders of the various Yugoslav republics into international borders, despite the conflicts of ethnic groups within those boundaries. In the 1990s indigenous populations of the northern two-thirds of Quebec province opposed being incorporated into a Quebec nation

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However, liberal proponents for the right to self-determination by minority groups contradict this notion by arguing that, in cases where the minority is not able to become the majority, and that minority is territorially concentrated and does not want to be governed by the majority, it may serve the

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in Paragraph 6 denotes future action and cannot be construed to justify territorial redress for past action. An attempt sponsored by Spain and Argentina to qualify the right to self-determination in cases where there was a territorial dispute was rejected by the UN General Assembly, which re-iterated

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on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and

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allowed for the voluntary withdrawal of member states from the union, although the State which wanted to leave could not be involved in the vote deciding whether or not they can leave the Union. There was much discussion about such self-determination by minorities before the final document underwent

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Since the early 1990s, the legitimatization of the principle of national self-determination has led to an increase in the number of conflicts within states, as sub-groups seek greater self-determination and full secession, and as their conflicts for leadership within groups and with other groups and

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reads: "Third, they respect the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them" then became one of the eight cardinal principal points of the Charter

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Before the United Nations's adoption of resolution 2908 (XXVII) on 2 November 1972, The People's Republic of China vetoed the former British colony of Hong Kong's right to self-determination on 8 March 1972. This sparked several nations' protest along with Great Britain's declaration on 14 December

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Argentina states the principle of self-determination is not applicable to the islands since the current inhabitants are not aboriginal and were brought to replace the Argentine population, which was expelled by an 'act of force', compelling the Argentinian inhabitants to directly leave the islands.

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followed the Soviet Union in including the right of secession in its 1931 constitution in order to entice ethnic nationalities and Tibet into joining. However, the Party eliminated the right to secession in later years and had anti-secession clause written into the Constitution before and after the

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Stefan Talmon, p.58-59., in "International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations", Vol.8, 2002. Without a status-of-forces agreement (or similar arrangements) between the United Nations and the Government of the TRNC, UNFICYP operates solely within the framework of the laws,

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Vita Gudeleviciute holds that in cases of non-self-governing peoples and foreign military occupation the principle of self-determination trumps that of territorial integrity. In cases where people lack representation by a state's government, they also may be considered a separate people, but under

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Law School finds that, in cases of non-self-governing peoples (colonized and/or indigenous) and foreign military occupation, "a people" is defined as the entire population of the occupied territorial unit, no matter their other differences. Meanwhile, in cases where people lack representation by a

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Michael Stephen, 1997, The Cyprus Question. The case of Cyprus is sui generis, for there is no other State in the world which came into being as a result of two politically equal peoples coming together by the exercise by each of its sovereign right of self-determination, to create a unique legal

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as a "democratic country". In 2017, United Kingdom's High Court decided that "There was no duty in UK law upon the UK's Government to refrain from recognising Northern Cyprus. The United Nations itself works with Northern Cyprus law enforcement agencies and facilitates cooperation between the two

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was declared in 1983 and recognized only by Turkey. Monroe Leigh, 1990, The Legal Status in International Law of the Turkish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot Communities in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot regimes participating in these negotiations, and the respective communities which

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were prevented from taking place in the two regions after armed gunmen took control of polling stations, kidnapped election officials, and stole lists of electors, thus denying the population the chance to express their will in a free, fair, and internationally recognised election. There are also

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Professor Uriel Abulof suggests that self-determination entails the "moral double helix" of duality: 1. personal right to align with a people, and the people's right to determine their politics; and 2. and mutuality (the right is as much the other's as the self's). Thus, self-determination grants

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J. Metford; Falklands or Malvinas? The background to the dispute. International Affairs, Vol 44 (1968), pp. 463–481. "Much is made in successive presentations of the Argentine case of the next episode in the history of the islands: the supposed fact that Great Britain 'brutally' and 'forcefully'

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that took place in November 2012, a majority of Puerto Rican residents voted to change the territory's relationship with the United States, with the statehood option being the preferred option. But a large number of ballots—one-third of all votes cast—were left blank on the question of preferred

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saw highest voters turnout in last 25 years since insurgency erupted. As per the Indian government, it recorded more than 65% of voters turnout which was more than usual voters turnout in other state assembly elections of India. It considered as increase in faith of Kashmiri people in democratic

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sailed on 5 January, with all the soldiers and convicts of the penal colony and those remaining Argentine settlers who wished to leave. The other settlers of various nationalities, remained at Port Louis....Nevertheless, this incident is not the forcible ejection of Argentine settlers that has

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At present, international law is ambiguous regarding the right to secede. Some documents assert that self-determination is a fundamental right, but in practice the United Nations and other international organisations have very rarely recognized breakaway states, and the trend at the turn of the

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was established to consider re-drawing it. Its proposals, which amounted to a small net transfer to the Free State, were leaked to the press and then not acted upon. In December 1925, the governments of the Irish Free State, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom agreed to accept the existing

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Wilson publicly argued that the agreements made in the aftermath of the war would be a "readjustment of those great injustices which underlie the whole structure of European and Asiatic society", which he attributed to the absence of democratic rule. The new order emerging in the postwar period

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Prof. Elihu Lauterracht, B.E., Q.C.,1990, The Right of Self-Determination of the Turkish Cypriots. There appears to be nothing on the face of that language taken by itself, to suggest that there is any inequality of status between the parties or that either of them is doing anything other than

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Since the end of decolonization, it has become clear that the diplomatic compromises that facilitated the transfer of political authority during that era are now obsolete. Today, the principle of self-determination lacks both definition and applicability. Saving it from a complete descent into

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Plainly the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it does of

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under legislation adopted in September 2017, despite this legislation had been suspended by the Constitutional Court for "violating fundamental rights of citizens", with the question "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a Republic?". On polling day, the Catalan

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voted to hold a vote in the next four-year legislature on the question of self-determination. The parliamentary decision was approved by a large majority of MPs: 84 voted for, 21 voted against, and 25 abstained. The Catalan Parliament applied to the Spanish Parliament for the power to call a

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A number of states have laid claim to territories, which they allege were removed from them as a result of colonialism. This is justified by reference to Paragraph 6 of UN Resolution 1514(XV), which states that any attempt "aimed at partial or total disruption of the national unity and the

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contained an express state right to secede from the union under a number of procedural conditions. It was eliminated in the 1974 constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (officially the "Union of Myanmar"). Burma still allows "local autonomy under central leadership".

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In determining international borders between sovereign states, self-determination has yielded to a number of other principles. Once groups exercise self-determination through secession, the issue of the proposed borders may prove more controversial than the fact of secession. The bloody

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while the remaining third wanted either independence or continuing control by the United Kingdom. The United Nations team largely confirmed these findings, which were later accepted by the General Assembly, and both territories subsequently wish to form the new Federation of

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Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 states that purpose of the UN Charter is: "To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal

5520: 5695:, where Gibraltarian voters overwhelmingly rejected a plan to share sovereignty over Gibraltar between the UK and Spain. However, the UK government differs with the Gibraltarian government in that it considers Gibraltarian self-determination to be limited by the 5994:

process of India. However, activists say that the voter turnout is highly exaggerated and that elections are held under duress. Votes are cast because the people want stable governance of the state and this cannot be mistaken as an endorsement of Indian rule.

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that the decision is invalid. Decades later, an independence movement, dubbed as the Hong Kong independence movement emerged in the now Communist Chinese controlled territory. It advocates the autonomous region to become a fully independent sovereign state.

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on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action." During

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and equal rights, especially when there is a sizable minority group. In democratic societies, majority rule is often used to determine the outcome in electoral and voting processes. However, a major critique of majority rule is that it may result in the

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current law cannot claim the right to self-determination. On the other hand, she finds that secession within a single state is a domestic matter not covered by international law. Thus, there are no on what groups may constitute a seceding people.

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from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997. Since the handover, many Hongkongers are increasingly concerned about Beijing's growing encroachment on the territory's freedoms and the failure of the Hong Kong government to deliver 'true' democracy.

3650:'s exit from the war and the nominal independence of Armenia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Poland, though in fact those territories were under German control. The end of the war led to the dissolution of the defeated 3761:

asked for Wilson to honor point 14 of the 14 points by transferring Danzig to Poland, arguing that the city was rightfully part of Poland because it was Polish until 1793, and that Poland would not be economically viable without it. During the

7140:. In the first plebiscite, the commonwealth option won with 60.4% of the votes, but US congressional committees failed to enact legislation to address the status issue. In subsequent plebiscites in 1993 and 1998, the status quo was favored. 4740:

necessity fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible. The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly inadmissible; so that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left.

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by the United States which saw communism as a menace to its interests. Throughout the cold war, the United States created, supported, and sponsored regimes with various success that served their economic and political interests, among them

10706:...when an act of the "TRNC" authorities was in compliance with laws in force within the territory of northern Cyprus, those acts should in principle be regarded as having a legal basis in domestic law for the purposes of the Convention.." 7038:

and later federal laws recognize the local sovereignty of tribal nations, but do not recognize full sovereignty equivalent to that of foreign nations, hence the term "domestic dependent nations" to qualify the federally recognized tribes.

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in Article 3", which provided that "he inadequacy of political, economic, social and educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying the right to self-determination and independence." To monitor the implementation of

3252:), however, and the right of self-determination does not necessarily include a right to an independent state for every ethnic group within a former colonial territory. Further, no right to secession is recognized under international law. 13498: 2183: 4728:, especially in cases in which a simple majority is used in order to determine outcome. This flaw is particularly poignant when there is a large minority group whose interests are not being represented, and who may then seek to secede. 12281: 6194:

Efforts towards Kurdish self-determination are considered illegal separatism by the governments of Turkey and Iran, and the movement is politically repressed in both states. This is intertwined with Kurdish nationalist insurgencies

4423:, the communist regimes of Soviet satellite states collapsed in rapid succession in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, and Mongolia. East and West Germany united, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into 4757:

do not recognize the right to self-determination through secession in their constitutions. Many expressly forbid it. However, there are several existing models of self-determination through greater autonomy and through secession.

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accept the claim that the Courts of Northern Cyprus lacked "independence and/or impartiality". ECtHR directed all Cypriots to exhaust "domestic remedies" applied by Northern Cyprus before taking their cases to ECtHR. In 2014,

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as a whole to self-determination", and pursuant to national legislation. This section of the constitution was one of the negotiated settlements during the handing over of political power in 1994. Supporters of an independent

5963:. This led to some parties in the state assembly forming militant wings, which acted as a catalyst for the emergence of armed insurgency in the region. The conflict over Kashmir has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths. 5456:, and a history of independence before invasion by Russia as main motives. Russia has restored control over Chechnya, but the separatist government functions still in exile, though it has been split into two entities: the 7162:

On December 15, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives voted in favor of the Puerto Rico Status Act. The act sought to resolve Puerto Rico's status and its relationship to the United States through a binding plebiscite.

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where the electorate in Scotland voted by 62% to remain a member of the EU, as did Northern Ireland. Results in England and Wales, however, led to the whole of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. In late 2019 the

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in the year 1833 during which Argentina claims the existing population living in the islands was expelled. Argentina thus argues that, in the case of the Falkland Islands, the principle of territorial integrity

9117: 3985:. In none of these areas were the opinions of affected people consulted, or given significant priority. Korea was specifically granted independence but the receiver of various other areas was not stated in the 7120:'s "decolonization" and for the US to recognize the island's right to self-determination and independence. In 2007 the Decolonization Subcommittee called for the United Nations General Assembly to review the 10681:

in the "TRNC", including both civil and criminal courts, reflected the judicial and common-law tradition of Cyprus in its functioning and procedures, and that the "TRNC" courts were thus to be considered as

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Other definitions offered are "peoples" as self-evident (from ethnicity, language, history, etc.), or defined by "ties of mutual affection or sentiment" ("loyalty", or by mutual obligations among peoples).

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p.14: In July 1989, UN SG Perez de Cuellar stated "Cyprus is a common home for the Greek and Turkish communities, whose relationship would be not of majority and minority but rather of political equality"

5797:. Young localist leaders have led numerous protest actions against pro-Chinese policies to raise awareness of social problems of Hong Kong under Chinese rule. These include the sit-in protest against the 4038:(ICESCR) reads: "All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. " 9715:

Argentina likes to stress that Argentine settlers were ousted and replaced. This is incorrect. Those settlers who wished to leave were allowed to go. The rest continued at the now renamed Port Louis.

10062: 5940:, the ruler of Kashmir at the time of accession, signed the Instrument of Accession Act on October 26, 1947, as his territory was being attacked by Pakistani tribesmen. The passing of this Act allowed 5702:

The Spanish government denies that Gibraltarians have the right to self-determination, considering them to be "an artificial population without any genuine autonomy" and not "indigenous". However, the

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Northern Cyprus fulfills all the classical criteria of statehood. United Nations Peace Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) operates based on the laws of Northern Cyprus in north of Cyprus island. According to

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called Wilson's doctrine "ridiculous" because, though on the surface it seems reasonable to "let the people decide", in practice "the people cannot decide until someone decides who are the people".

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autonomy or independence movements, each with the goal of realizing some level of political control over single or several islands. The groups range from those seeking territorial units similar to

5486:. Their primary motivations included self-determination, a history of Chinese colonization and oppression in East Turkistan, and a legacy of independence prior to the invasion by China (the Manchu 8482: 11304:"Special Committee on Decolonization Calls on United States to Expedite Puerto Rico's Self-determination Process – General Assembly GA/COL/3160 – Department of Public Information – June 14, 2007" 3908:. Japan went to considerable trouble to argue that Manchukuo was justified by the principle of self-determination, claiming that people of Manchuria wanted to break away from China and asked the 3329:, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter. It was recognized as an international legal right after it was explicitly listed as a right in the 7389: 6848:

has refused to grant the Section 30 powers required to hold another referendum on the argument that both sides accepted beforehand that the 2014 vote would settle the matter for a generation.

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both explicitly commit themselves to the development of Kurdish self-determination, but opinions vary as to the question of self-determination sought within the current borders and countries.

5263:: "improvement of the charter") was approved by the Spanish Parliament and, like the statutes of 13 out of 17 Spanish autonomous communities, it did not need a referendum to enter into force. 7552:

Alexander, Yonah, and Friedlander, Robert A. Self-determination: National, Regional, And Global Dimensions. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2019.

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only could secede from Australia upon vote of a majority of the country as a whole; the previous two-thirds majority vote for secession via referendum in Western Australia was insufficient.

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p.36, Vassiliou (the Council of Europe, 30.01.1990; to the question of Keith Speed (Member of the UK Parliament)): "the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities are political equals."

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As I mentioned previously, the UN itself, in 2008, rejected the claim that a dispute over sovereignty affected self-determination, affirming self-determination to be "a basic human right."

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against Indian rule has existed in various forms. A widespread armed insurgency started in Kashmir against India rule in 1989 after allegations of rigging by the Indian government in the

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in 1949 after the latter failed to restore colonial control. As mentioned above, Indonesia also wanted a powerful position in the region that could be lessened by the creation of united

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package deeply divided the city, as it allowed Hongkongers to have universal suffrage, but Beijing would have authority to screen the candidates to restrict the electoral method for the

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of January 1918 which, among other things, called for adjustment of colonial claims, insofar as the interests of colonial powers had equal weight with the claims of subject peoples. The

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in 1914. While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and the

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and Kazakhs, have persistently fought for their independence. There is a robust movement advocating East Turkistani sovereignty, challenging the Chinese occupation since 1949. The

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refers to a vaguely defined conglomeration of distinct tribes living on the border of India and Burma. Each of these tribes lived in a sovereign village before the arrival of the

4500:

and several outlying islands. Since then, the People's Republic of China has been involved in disputes with the ROC over issues of sovereignty and the political status of Taiwan.

3694:

would, according to Wilson, place governments "in the hands of the people and taken out of the hands of coteries and of sovereigns, who had no right to rule over the people." The

11593: 12117: 4644: 11635: 4089:

countries and people by providing an inevitable legal linkage between self-determination and its goal of decolonisation. It postulated a new international law-based right of

4035: 10569:

The Republic of Cyprus was founded in 1960 as a bicommunal state in which the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities had the status of co-founders and equal partners.

6437:

Although the Lusignan French aristocracy remained the dominant social class in Cyprus throughout the medieval period, the former assumption that Greeks were treated only as

5661:

over self-determination. Historical records dispute Argentina's claims and whilst acknowledging the garrison was expelled note the existing civilian population remained at

4293:—which is a free association of equal states. As India obtained its independence, multiple ethnic conflicts emerged in relation to the formation of a statehood during the 7434: 4609:

individuals the right to form "a people," which then has the right to establish an independent state, as long as they grant the same to all other individuals and peoples.

4401: 3962:, provided that a referendum was held. The referendum took place on October 20, 1945, with (according to official numbers) 100% of the electorate voting for independence. 1095: 11537:, Collected Papers & Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Right to Self-Determination & the United Nations, Geneva 2000, Clarity Press, 2001. 6248:(NSCN) continue to seek an independent country which would include parts of India and Burma. They envisage a sovereign, predominantly Christian nation called "Nagalim". 4045:

article 15 states that everyone has the right to a nationality and that no one should be arbitrarily deprived of a nationality or denied the right to change nationality.

10318: 9121: 10637: 4567:

with the dominant state become violent. The international reaction to these new movements has been uneven and often dictated more by politics than principle. The 2000

7936:"Self-Determination Not a New Expedient; First Plebiscite Was Held in Avignon During the French Revolution—Forthcoming Book Traces History and Growth of the Movement" 3502:, which became an inspiration for European nationalist movements during the 19th century. The French Revolution legitimatized the ideas of self-determination on that 8378: 13961: 6832: 5189: 4571:

failed to deal with these new demands, mentioning only "the right to self-determination of peoples which remain under colonial domination and foreign occupation."

2652: 5033:, which had an approval of 99% of voters; however, the breakaway state remained unrecognized by UN states and was disbanded on January 1, 2024 after Azerbaijan's 12107: 7394: 9764: 13022: 10509: 9520: 1691: 10066: 9678:

On April 24, 1833 he addressed Lord Palmerston, inquiring whether orders had been actually given by the British government to expel the Buenos Aires garrison.

8933: 8216: 7337: 6124:

of the Middle East. The territory is currently part of Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran. There are Kurdish self-determination movements in each of the 4 states.

4094: 7587:

Self-Determination of Peoples and Plural-Ethnic States in Contemporary International Law: Failed States, Nation-Building and the Alternative, Federal Option

12269: 11816: 10659:

the adoption by the authorities of the "TRNC" of civil, administrative or criminal law measures, and their application or enforcement within that territory

6318: 5990: 5960: 4770: 4504: 4114: 4101: 4074: 4031: 3255: 241: 10990: 3916:

which had been appointed by the League of Nations to decide if Japan had committed aggression or not, stated the majority of people in Manchuria who were

13225: 12217: 3643: 1902: 3571:

supported some of these nationalist movements, believing nationalism might be a "prior condition" to social reform and international alliances. In 1914

12175: 11684: 11042: 10241: 8348: 8254: 7565: 7010:

population has been the source of legal battles since the early 19th century. Many Native American tribes were resettled onto separate tracts of land (

6823:, with polls suggesting in January 2020 that 52% of eligible voters would vote for an independent Scotland. The country's largest political party, the 3853:. And Italy, Japan and Germany all initiated new efforts to bring certain territories under their control, leading to World War II. In particular, the 3482:

The American Revolution has been seen as the earliest assertion of the right of national and democratic self-determination, as well as the concepts of

11119: 7697:"President Wilson's Address to Congress, Analyzing German and Austrian Peace Utterances (Delivered to Congress in Joint Session on February 11, 1918)" 4194:. Although satellite states were independent and possessed sovereignty, the Soviet Union violated principles of self-determination by suppressing the 14356: 13739: 11381: 4731:

The right to self-determination by a minority has long been contested in democracies with majority rule. For instance, in his first inaugural speech

4389: 3061: 2424: 10645:

rules and regulations of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which may be altered by the TRNC authorities unilaterally and without prior notice.

5739: (SAR) which, according to the PRC, enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the People's Republic of China (PRC), guaranteed under Article 2 of 4523:, but their independence is disputed by one or more major states. Significant movements for self-determination also persist for locations that lack 13176: 9168: 5945: 5637:

would be counter to the Falkland Islander right to self-determination, since the majority of Falkland Island inhabitants wished to remain British.

4104:, subtitled "Principles which should guide members in determining whether or nor an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under 3193: 1853: 10798: 6511:

was founded by the constituent communities in Cyprus (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) as a non-unitary state; the 1960 Constitution set both

12253: 11846: 11148: 8391: 6200: 6084: 5848: 5817:(CUHK) in July 2016, 17.4% of respondents supported the city becoming an independent entity after 2047, while 3.6% stated that it is "possible". 5851:

the term peoples, and gaining with it the right to self-determination. Though it was also established that it is merely a right within existing

13097: 12241: 11866: 7961: 7791: 7486: 5699:, which prevents Gibraltar achieving independence without the agreement of Spain, a position that the Gibraltarian government does not accept. 5079:

to live in their traditional Assyrian homeland under the self-governance of an Assyrian state. The Assyrian territory is currently in parts of

5034: 3698:

was established as the symbol of the emerging postwar order; one of its earliest tasks was to legitimize the territorial boundaries of the new

1766: 11093: 10783: 9559: 8741: 6101: 7322: 7159:

poll revealed that 22% of Americans believe that "any state or region has the right to peaceably secede and become an independent republic."

6592: 5163:. Numerous rebellions occurred over the decades, but in 2012 the Tuaregs succeeded in occupying their land and declaring the independence of 5042: 5030: 4847: 4301:, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing 1190: 9182: 8601: 7298:

was passed in the British parliament. The Cape Colony ceased to exist, however many of its unique political and cultural quirks such as the

6532:

they represent, are presently entitled to exercise equal rights under international law, including rights of self-determination. Before the

13744: 11851: 11841: 5622: 4855: 4581:

Associate Professor Aleksandar Pavkovic and Senior Lecturer Peter Radan outlined current legal and political issues in self-determination.

4149: 3647: 2429: 10764: 5402:, at the request of the Spanish government. Given the block, the Government turned it into a simple "consultation to the people" instead. 3575:

wrote: " would be wrong to interpret the right to self-determination as meaning anything but the right to existence as a separate state."

13714: 13318: 12860: 6441:

on the island is no longer considered by academics to be accurate. It is now accepted that the medieval period saw increasing numbers of

5235:

that spans the border between France and Spain, on the Atlantic coast. It comprises the autonomous communities of the Basque Country and

4648: 2399: 1995: 1521: 6232:

but developed a common identity as the area was Christianized. After the British left India, a section of Nagas under the leadership of

13007: 11408: 10622: 6445:

elevated to the upper classes, a growing Greek middle ranks, and the Lusignan royal household even marrying Greeks. This included King

1676: 11434: 5782: (CE), the highest-ranking official of the territory. This sparked the 79-day massive peaceful protests which was dubbed as the " 3336:

Implementing the right to self-determination can be politically difficult, in part because there are multiple interpretations of what

12364: 10919:

Entrevista a Marcel Farinelli: "Córcega y Cerdeña forman un archipiélago invisible al tener sus islas nacionalismos de signo opuesto"

9362: 7409: 7094: 6949:. Ever since their homes were integrated into Romania, these people were trying to achieve some form of autonomy or self-governance. 5374: 3499: 11603:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514(XV). "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples"

10207: 9898: 9795: 9495: 7093:, which is projected to have the most independence. The Hawaiian Sovereignty movement seeks to revive the Hawaiian nation under the 4439:, which was previously an autonomous unit of Serbia declared independence in 2008, but has received less international recognition. 12942: 12830: 12573: 12097: 11742: 10420: 10396: 10284: 10253: 9828: 8302: 8272: 8235: 5599:

firmly mentions the self-determining nature of its states. The actual implementation of its states self-governance is debate-able.

5293:

organization that killed more than 800 people. Founded in 1959, it evolved from a group advocating traditional cultural ways to a

5104: 4105: 3487: 1603: 1491: 10836: 4369:

to give East Timor independence. The people of former Indonesian East Timor were given a choice of either greater autonomy within

256: 11877: 11524:

Statehood and the Law of Self-Determination (Developments in International Law, V. 43) (Developments in International Law, V. 43)

10339:"United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippines, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 JULY 1963)" 9872: 9005: 8379:

http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/ReligiousRadicalism/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach10.pdf

7027: 7023: 5736: 4976: 4622: 4022:

in 1945 at the end of World War II placed the right of self-determination into the framework of international law and diplomacy.

3686:) were given power over nationalities who disliked and distrusted them was eventually used as a pretext for German aggression in 3422: 12391: 10736: 9958:

So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.

8362: 5135: 3969:'s current disputes to sovereignty and self-determination stem from unresolved disputes from World War II. After its fall, the 14457: 13181: 12952: 12780: 12765: 12760: 12606: 12460: 12087: 11677: 7031: 6553: 6245: 5775: 5382: 3905: 3754: 3476: 3394: 3162: 1858: 1613: 1441: 1426: 1421: 1251: 10657:

A de facto recognition of the acts of the regime in the northern area may be rendered necessary for practical purposes. Thus,

7299: 6688:

has asserted Quebec's "right to self-determination. " There is debate on under which conditions would this right be realized.

4699:

In order to accommodate demands for minority rights and avoid secession and the creation of a separate new state, many states

14485: 13012: 12745: 11972: 11871: 11287: 11227: 11191: 10863: 10191: 10164: 10129: 10020: 9980: 9748: 9701: 9623: 9596: 9472: 9091: 8711: 8503: 7977: 7896: 7869: 7844: 7817: 7760: 7680: 7100: 7007: 6828: 5692: 5228: 4824: 4568: 4042: 3382: in this section may contain original research or biased language and. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1681: 1406: 17: 11619: 11360: 10634: 9183:"How police brutality helped Spain's 15-M protests | Iberosphere | News, comment and analysis on Spain, Portugal and beyond" 8494:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

7860:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

7808:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

13520: 12835: 12657: 12263: 11786: 11747: 11613: 10254:"United Nations General Assembly 15th Session - The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509-510)" 9040: 9023: 7404: 7302:

nevertheless continued to exist. Recent polling has shown that over 46% of Western Cape voters back independence outright.

7137: 7105: 6908: 6326: 6290: 5618: 5608: 5549: 5503: 5473: 5422: 5038: 4988: 3781:

During the 1920s and 1930s there were some successful movements for self-determination in the beginnings of the process of

3186: 2205: 1496: 1310: 101: 10488: 8917: 7194: 3401: 3213:'s right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with 14166: 13836: 13749: 13640: 13308: 13128: 12770: 12755: 10372: 10338: 8569: 8270:

United Nations General Assembly 15th Session - The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509-510)

8167: 7935: 7369: 7332: 7144: 7113: 7078:

entitles them to establish an African-American republic in the area, alongside $ 400 billion as reparations for slavery.

6528: 6029: 5888: 5370: 5364: 4984: 4455: 4118: 3659: 3375: 2865: 2521: 2434: 2325: 1985: 1803: 1431: 1416: 412: 197: 31: 8142: 5247:

has demanded the right of some kind of self-determination. This desire for independence is particularly stressed among

13734: 13208: 12247: 11935: 11752: 9391: 7594: 7059: 5933: 5499: 4827:

have express or implied rights to secession. Switzerland allows for the secession from current and the creation of new

4778: 3766:

of Poland in 1772, the inhabitants of Danzig fought fiercely for it to remain a part of Poland, but as a result of the

3737:

to be restored and Poland to have "secure access to the sea", which would imply that the German city of Danzig (modern

3628: 3605: 2419: 1885: 12077: 9342: 9203: 13382: 13213: 12709: 12687: 11670: 10096: 9882: 9771: 9664: 8429:"United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the UN General Assembly Resolution 55/2 (08 09 2000), paragraph 4" 7969: 7740: 7133: 7035: 6647: 6055: 5688: 4962: 4862:

has the right to secede from the Principality by a vote of a majority of the citizens residing in this municipality.

4354: 3924: 3734: 3441: 2059: 1890: 1362: 1340: 1183: 939: 106: 10516: 10036: 8484:

Duncan French, 2013, Statehood and Self-Determination Reconciling Tradition and Modernity in International Law, p.97

6037: 5121:, also known as the outstation movement. These grew in number through the 1980s, but funding dried up in the 2000s. 3408: 14119: 13956: 13856: 13313: 13203: 12379: 12127: 11836: 11781: 11764: 11722: 11717: 11563: 11527: 10752: 9118:"Two thirds of the Catalan Parliament approve organising a self-determination citizen vote within the next 4 years" 7189: 7129: 7075: 5936:, the land between India and Pakistan, has been contested as Britain was resigning from their rule over this land. 5764: 5630: 5327:

of the late 1960s. Pictures of the famine caused by Nigerian blockade garnered sympathy for the Biafrans worldwide.

4788: 4174:

had been fully annexed by the Soviet Union during World War II. Now, it extended its influence by establishing the

3857:

invoked this right of nations in its first point (out of 25), as it was publicly proclaimed on 24 February 1920 by

2818: 2647: 2541: 1990: 1880: 438: 11214: 11178: 9542:"FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS), GIBRALTAR, AMERICAN SAMOA DISCUSSED IN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL SEMINAR ON DECOLONIZATION" 8941: 7992: 14526: 13709: 13220: 12982: 12785: 12401: 11947: 7121: 6979: 6912: 6900: 6753: 6651: 6597: 5956: 5814: 5798: 5545: 5532:

There is an active secessionist movement based on the self-determination of the residents of the eastern part of

4929: 4443: 4070: 3179: 2394: 1897: 1651: 1446: 73: 63: 11252: 9144: 7439: 1100: 14541: 12845: 12311: 12034: 11821: 11607: 8865: 7374: 7167: 7152: 6983: 6820: 6609: 6565:

also dismissed the claim that "cooperation between UK police and law agencies in northern Cyprus was illegal".

6544: 6033: 5744: 5494:

assumed control over East Turkistan in late 1949. However, the Turkic peoples of East Turkistan, predominantly

5491: 5483: 5072: 5058: 4255: 4132:, nor did they include an enforcement mechanism. Moreover, new states were recognized by the legal doctrine of 3959: 3615:

revived America's commitment to self-determination, at least for European states, during World War I. When the

3554: 3390: 3379: 3302: 3232:'s norms. The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, nor what the outcome should be (whether 1506: 480: 12987: 11470:

Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law (Oxford Political Theory)

10894: 10397:"General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509 – 510)" 4254:

In Asia, the Soviet Union had already converted Mongolia into a satellite state but abandoned propping up the

3833:

which recognized the autonomy of these British dominions, representing the first phase of the creation of the

1656: 14388: 14104: 12825: 12374: 12142: 11650: 11513:

Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination

10945: 8900: 8894: 8792:"Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States: from George Washington 1789 to George Bush 1989" 8641: 7090: 6969: 6892: 6343: 6203:, which in turn justify and are justified by the repression of peaceful advocacy. In Syria, a self-governing 6188: 6129: 5614: 5596: 5557:

from the rest of the country is not an expression of self-determination, but rather, motivated by revival of

5515: 5479: 5399: 5360: 5340: 4477: 4302: 4263: 4019: 4015: 3542: 3290:

in the 19th century and came into prominent use in the 1860s, spreading rapidly thereafter. During and after

3229: 3093: 2803: 1486: 12191:

Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore

10929: 6519:

as the official languages. During 1963–74, the island experienced ethnic clashes and turmoil, following the

5460:-run secular Chechen Republic (based in Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States), and the Islamic 4975:

There have been a number of notable cases of self-determination. For more information on past movements see

4128:

However, the charter and other resolutions did not insist on full independence as the best way of obtaining

13667: 13615: 12596: 12566: 12535: 12326: 12301: 11516: 11017: 8460:"n Pursuit of Sovereignty and Self-determination: Peoples, States and Secession in the International Order" 6958: 6863: 6310: 6298: 6265: 6176: 6073: 5779: 5768: 5662: 5449: 5435: 5256: 4881:

in the 1990s were related mostly to border issues because the international community applied a version of

4259: 4195: 4159: 3876:, adding former German possessions to its own empire. In the 1930s, Japan gained significant influence in 3850: 3550: 3479:, and the decolonization movement after World War II shaped and established the norm in international law. 2352: 2300: 1241: 1176: 78: 7074:

argue that the history of African-Americans living in and making productive of several U.S. states in the

6924: 5548:

regarding independence from Ukraine were illegitimate and undemocratic. Similarly, there are reports that

3864:

In Asia, Japan became a rising power and gained more respect from Western powers after its victory in the

3498:

further promoted the notion that the will of the people was supreme, especially through authorship of the

14506: 14299: 14151: 13570: 13171: 13117: 12470: 12122: 11982: 11856: 11338: 7511: 7491: 6704: 6667: 6285:. The conclusions of both the Cobbold Commission and the United Nations team were arrived at without any 5978: 5837: 5626: 5117:. In the 1970s, Aboriginal requested the right to administer their own remote communities as part of the 4413: 3830: 3786: 3295: 3004: 2850: 2255: 1848: 1786: 1045: 965: 224: 219: 68: 9316:"El Govern trasllada els resultats definitius del referèndum de l'1 d'octubre al Parlament de Catalunya" 5902:

which claims a right of historic entitlement by descent as a nation, to exercise self-determination for

4980: 4125:

complete compliance with the principles of self-determination in General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV).

14531: 14511: 14408: 13193: 12880: 12611: 12453: 12419: 11641: 11545: 10795: 10588: 8869: 8336: 7414: 7055: 6975: 6770:

Even though the island has been characterized by periodical waves of ethnonationalist protests against

6524: 6196: 6184: 6092: 6088: 5810: 4774: 4674: 4597: 3854: 3718: 3113: 1870: 1541: 1256: 1132: 1030: 152: 96: 11156: 10373:"United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord" 9229: 6646:. In the two state solution this usually denotes territorial integrity initiatives, such as resisting 4337:, but Indonesia threatened to invade and annex it. A vote was supposedly taken under the UN sponsored 3904:. This was essentially the model Japan followed as it invaded other areas in Asia and established the 3725:, was seen as representing the will to join Germany in those regions, while the majority of people in 14551: 13761: 13575: 13477: 13362: 13029: 12997: 12667: 12601: 11811: 9261: 7919: 6866:

allows for the right to self-determination of a community, within the framework of "the right of the

6840:

announced plans to demand a second referendum on Scottish Independence. This was given assent by the

6144: 5941: 5640: 4902: 4816: 4454:

and most of which adopted democratic reforms and free-market economies. Inside those new republics,

4306: 4274:

shifted the focus of the Cold War from Europe to Asia, where competing superpowers took advantage of

3951: 3822: 3802: 3707: 3627:. They also supported the right of all nations, including colonies, to self-determination." The 1918 3546: 2446: 2260: 2154: 2039: 1698: 1666: 1320: 1246: 859: 791: 672: 387: 11067: 8675: 8349:

Resolution 1514 (XV) "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples"

8085:

Książka polska w Gdańsku w okresie zaboru pruskiego 1793-1919, page 61 Maria Babnis, Ossolineum 1989

6256:

Another controversial episode with perhaps more relevance was the British beginning their exit from

5389:

that would exercise the right of self-determination for Catalonia, a right not recognised under the

4555: 4210:

and its theory of imperialism were also strong influences in the national emancipation movements of

784: 14021: 13909: 13756: 13525: 13462: 13290: 13245: 13107: 12992: 12974: 12910: 12840: 12724: 12425: 12152: 11462: 11451: 10613:

further exercising its right of self-determination by participating in the settlement negotiations.

9936: 9563: 8291: 6816: 6757: 6623: 6537: 6276:. The United Nation Team's mission followed on from an earlier assessment by the British-appointed 6168: 6160: 6018: 5715: 5478:

On November 12, 1933, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uzbeks declared independence, establishing the

4840: 4799: 3948: 3869: 3593: 2712: 2600: 2441: 2210: 2139: 1967: 1922: 1776: 1661: 1641: 1571: 1501: 1377: 714: 709: 10545: 8962: 6139:

Although the right of the creation of a Kurdish state was recognized following World War I in the

4377:. 78.5% of East Timorese voted for independence, rejecting Indonesia's special autonomy proposal. 4218:

countries, communism became an ideology that united groups to oppose imperialism or colonization.

14556: 14475: 14304: 14284: 14146: 14136: 14094: 13724: 13565: 13427: 13397: 13392: 13335: 13270: 13255: 13188: 13161: 13146: 12559: 12346: 12132: 11473: 11393: 11269: 11120:"Boris Johnson says 'No' to Nicola Sturgeon's demand for second Scottish independence referendum" 9972: 8966: 8616: 8521:

Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949

8328: 7456: 7253: 6824: 6617: 6314: 6294: 6269: 6241: 6022: 5621:. The population has existed for over nine generations, continuously for over 190 years. In the 5394: 5386: 5240: 5114: 4836: 4812: 4725: 4469: 4374: 4290: 4286: 3986: 3834: 3798: 3651: 3483: 3368: 3009: 2989: 2845: 2835: 2793: 2409: 2250: 2104: 2074: 2069: 2012: 1947: 1932: 1865: 1838: 1823: 1207: 913: 13372: 11578: 11358:

Middlebury Institute/Zogby Poll: "One in Five Americans Believe States Have the Right to Secede"

10625:

Christian Walter, Antje Von Ungern-Sternberg, Kavus Abushov, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.64

8013: 7236: 6147:. To date two separate Kurdish republics and one Kurdish Kingdom have declared sovereignty. The 4435:

into 6 states. Macedonia became an independent nation and broke off from Yugoslavia peacefully.

3774:

by 1919, which made the Allied leaders at the Paris peace conference compromise by creating the

3415: 2049: 14403: 14376: 14366: 13846: 13826: 13689: 13560: 13457: 13407: 13377: 13357: 13285: 13265: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13141: 13112: 13085: 13061: 13056: 12652: 12642: 12331: 12282:

Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)

11930: 11861: 11727: 11662: 8300:

The Colonial Legacy and Border Stability: Uti Possidetis and Territorial Claims in the Americas

7384: 7294:

to become an independent state. South Africa in its current form was created in 1910 after the

7128:

act that provided for a vote on the status of Puerto Rico with three status options: continued

7071: 7030:

and has established a number of laws attempting to clarify the relationship among the federal,

6779: 5825: 5806: 5726: 5582: 5110: 4933: 4828: 4820: 4315:

also gained independence from the British Empire, but declined membership in the Commonwealth.

4109: 4014:

and accepted the principle of self-determination. In January 1942 twenty-six states signed the

4007: 3842: 3638:

This presented a challenge to Wilson's more limited demands. In January 1918 Wilson issued his

3268: 3108: 3081: 3071: 2531: 2511: 2374: 2245: 2134: 2084: 2054: 2034: 1962: 1942: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1818: 1781: 1754: 1730: 1725: 1305: 1295: 1020: 1010: 307: 10976: 10853: 8534:

Abulof, Uriel (2015). "The Confused Compass: From Self-determination to State-determination".

7752: 7670: 6782:

and attempts for Sardinian self-determination historically countered in fact the Rome-centric

5679: 4669: 3340:

and which groups may legitimately claim the right to self-determination. As World Court judge

14371: 14331: 14264: 14161: 14109: 14036: 13791: 13555: 13467: 13442: 13437: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13352: 13300: 13260: 13166: 13136: 13039: 12662: 12446: 12336: 11957: 11759: 10181: 10154: 9942: 9738: 9586: 9521:""Self determination and self sufficiency", Falklands message to the world on Liberation Day" 9440: 9294:"Els Mossos van tancar 600 col·legis electorals; la policia espanyola i la Guàrdia Civil, 92" 8329:

Does the Principle of Self-determination Prevail over the Principle of Territorial Integrity?

7481: 7446: 7359: 7295: 7257: 6799: 6716: 6562: 6325:

in North Borneo and Sarawak that would be free and without coercion. This also triggered the

6237: 5790: 5748: 5570: 5267: 4634: 4432: 4341:

to allow West New Guineans to decide their fate, although many dispute its veracity. Later,

4203: 4137: 4093:

to exercise economic self-determination. Article 5 states: Immediate steps shall be taken in

3936: 3810: 3624: 3558: 3322: 3249: 3076: 3036: 2969: 2860: 2808: 2727: 2476: 2240: 2144: 2119: 2114: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2029: 1977: 1937: 1843: 1813: 1708: 1315: 1070: 813: 808: 734: 677: 628: 392: 332: 192: 187: 122: 27:

The right of all people to freely participate in the political procedures of their government

11303: 9928: 9825: 9541: 9462: 9262:"Vídeo: Encontronazos entre cuerpos de seguridad en el exterior de los colegios electorales" 4458:

have claimed their own independence, but not received widespread international recognition.

14546: 14242: 13776: 13650: 13367: 13325: 13275: 13250: 13071: 13034: 12775: 12637: 12540: 12530: 12306: 12017: 11906: 11769: 10445:"United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories, North Borneo and Sarawak" 8769: 8415: 7218:

also claims the entire territory, and maintains control of about two-thirds of the region.

6831:, where it was rejected by 55% of voters. The Independence debate continued throughout the 6685: 6479:

controlled and solely governed all of the Cyprus island from 1571 until its leasing to the

6347: 6306: 6273: 6164: 6133: 6128:

has to date achieved the largest degree of self-determination through the formation of the

5302: 5224: 4882: 4871: 4576: 4350: 4207: 4133: 3817:

declared itself as incapable of passing laws over them without their consent. Although the

3763: 3714: 3530: 2947: 2461: 2335: 2044: 2002: 1952: 1927: 1740: 1703: 1436: 1290: 995: 903: 864: 854: 818: 779: 729: 692: 650: 633: 606: 505: 455: 431: 367: 251: 162: 147: 142: 132: 11636:"Winds of Change or Hot Air? Decolonization, Self-determination and the Salt Water Test, " 11448:

The Self-Determination of Peoples: Community, Nation, and State in an Interdependent World

11429:

Rudolf A. Mark, "National Self-Determination, as Understood by Lenin and the Bolsheviks."

10465: 9588:

Key to an Enigma: British Sources Disprove British Claims to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

9370: 8756:

Falkland Islands Government, Dick Sawle MLA, The Challenge of Sovereignty in small states

6903:, but there are still supporters of the self determination of South Tyrol, e.g. the party 5409: 4944: 4617: 4117:, in 1961 the General Assembly created the Special Committee referred to popularly as the 8: 14418: 14279: 13914: 13816: 13796: 13585: 13493: 13452: 13432: 13402: 13295: 13090: 12905: 12012: 11911: 11732: 11656: 11542:

Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures)

11495: 11484: 10322: 10218: 9929: 9902: 8916:, 1st Global Conference on Federalism and the Union of European Democracies, March 2004. 8459: 8428: 8411: 7461: 7231: 7156: 7043: 6841: 6837: 6804: 6783: 6578: 6450: 6387: 6156: 5783: 5740: 5703: 5674: 5298: 5022: 5000: 4420: 4409: 4171: 3775: 3726: 3534: 3472: 3460: 3123: 2984: 2605: 2501: 2481: 2270: 2178: 2129: 2109: 2079: 1972: 1759: 1566: 1117: 1080: 1075: 1060: 869: 823: 744: 613: 382: 362: 302: 236: 137: 10878: 10698:

with reference to the "constitutional and legal basis" on which it operated, and it has

10444: 10427: 10403: 10291: 10285:"United Nations General Assembly 18th Session - the Question of Malaysia (pages: 41-44)" 10260: 9802: 8791: 8679: 8299: 8269: 8231: 8193:"Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by the United Nations General Assembly" 8192: 6140: 5966: 14521: 14191: 14176: 14124: 14114: 14089: 14031: 13989: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13801: 13102: 12396: 12386: 11987: 11952: 11896: 10833: 8836: 8832: 8551: 8295: 7364: 7249: 7086: 7011: 6934: 6904: 6812: 6808: 6775: 6733: 6700: 6692: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6613: 6586: 6415: 6411: 6277: 6272:

in 1963 to determine whether or not the populations wished to become a part of the new

6152: 6148: 5907: 5844: 5332: 5324: 5282: 5248: 5244: 5180: 5118: 4787:

held secession could occur "through revolution, or through consent of the States." The

4544: 4447: 4338: 4294: 3944: 3865: 3826: 3814: 3733:. However, the Allies ignored the German objections; Wilson's 14 Points had called for 3620: 2888: 2875: 2823: 2813: 2788: 2722: 2680: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2486: 1771: 1035: 908: 847: 842: 764: 749: 738: 697: 667: 655: 638: 618: 402: 327: 271: 229: 202: 11560:

Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights

10566: 9796:"Gibraltar's Quest for Self-Determination: A Critique of Gibraltar's New Constitution" 9003: 5881: 5005: 4589:

There is not a recognized legal definition of "peoples" in international law. Indeed,

14536: 14450: 14361: 14289: 14274: 14073: 14016: 13821: 13729: 13620: 13540: 13387: 12692: 12525: 12222: 11831: 11694: 11574: 11283: 11279: 11223: 11187: 10964: 10859: 10733: 10187: 10160: 10135: 10125: 10102: 10092: 10016: 9976: 9878: 9744: 9697: 9660: 9619: 9592: 9468: 9269: 9237: 9162: 8840: 8707: 8555: 8499: 8359: 7973: 7965: 7912: 7892: 7865: 7840: 7813: 7756: 7676: 7590: 7344: 7273: 7171: 6938: 6696: 6520: 6488: 6446: 6423: 6419: 6407: 6391: 6383: 6374:, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the 6367: 6233: 6180: 6068: 5794: 5760: 5696: 5356: 5252: 4792: 4596:

Reviewing various international judgements and UN resolutions, Vita Gudeleviciute of

4489: 4473: 4397: 4342: 4334: 4267: 3695: 3667: 3663: 3518: 3464: 3326: 3221: 3155: 3066: 2994: 2979: 2764: 2707: 2506: 2414: 2305: 2225: 2064: 1345: 1015: 1000: 975: 830: 796: 774: 682: 660: 645: 623: 555: 530: 525: 407: 372: 357: 276: 261: 209: 182: 12067: 11571:

The political and Cultural Locations of National Self-determination: The Oromia Case

11324: 5687:

The right to self-determination is referred to in the pre-amble of Chapter 1 of the

4562:

expressed joy and jubilation on their day of independence, July 9, 2011, from Sudan.

3821:

had already gained internationally recognized independence at the conclusion of the

3600: 14413: 14398: 14326: 14247: 14217: 14048: 13884: 13590: 13156: 13151: 13002: 12900: 12351: 12321: 12316: 12275: 12197: 12024: 11712: 11501: 11275: 10541: 10314: 10008: 10000: 9065: 8828: 8543: 7748: 7725: 7582: 7476: 7429: 7424: 7400:

List of national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations

7349: 7317: 7312: 7261: 7082: 6760: 6745: 6673: 6512: 6504: 6476: 6431: 6399: 6363: 6301:. they sought to consolidate several of the previous ruled entities then there was 6220: 6208: 6077: 5971: 5927: 5885: 5566: 5461: 5441: 5390: 5204: 5109:

Self-determination has become the topic of some debate in Australia in relation to

5014: 4894: 4890: 4700: 4330: 4231: 4175: 4011: 3849:

also achieved independence from Britain. Other efforts were unsuccessful, like the

3838: 3818: 3717:

was a somewhat selective application of the principle of self-determination as the

3568: 3522: 3495: 3318: 3118: 3103: 3031: 2952: 2922: 2739: 2575: 2275: 1833: 1828: 1671: 1561: 1085: 985: 970: 960: 923: 918: 769: 495: 352: 30:

This article is about self-determination in international law. For other uses, see

10122:

The Politics of Dialogue: Living Under the Geopolitical Histories of War and Peace

9864: 9341:

Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (11 May 2014).

8547: 7926:, paper presented at International Studies Association Annual Meeting, March 2000. 6175:, Iraq), each of these fledgling states was crushed by military intervention. The 4897:

was based on the borders of existing counties and did not include all of historic

14516: 14428: 14336: 14232: 14181: 14041: 14026: 14006: 13971: 13684: 13595: 13530: 13330: 13280: 13066: 12925: 12520: 12504: 12484: 12259: 11698: 11364: 11357: 11256: 10840: 10802: 10771: 10740: 10641: 10492: 9832: 9691: 9654: 9613: 9575:

Argentina's Position on Different Aspects of the Question of the Malvinas Islands

9415: 9027: 9009: 8921: 8882: 8861: 8701: 8396: 8366: 8306: 8276: 8239: 7923: 7886: 7466: 6875:

homeland have argued that their goals are reasonable under this new legislation.

6689: 6631: 6557: 6351: 6338: 6172: 6125: 6110: 6096: 5903: 5852: 5554: 5277: 5220: 5212: 5196: 5076: 5062: 4766: 4754: 4732: 4708: 4129: 4054: 3978: 3970: 3940: 3928: 3885: 3846: 3829:, it was still included in the Statute of Westminster. This statute built on the 3639: 3526: 3337: 3309: 3133: 3041: 2937: 2880: 2732: 2717: 2697: 2662: 2369: 2280: 2215: 2007: 1957: 1735: 1586: 1164: 1090: 990: 759: 754: 719: 687: 550: 500: 490: 485: 424: 377: 347: 317: 312: 214: 9846: 9044: 9020: 7672:

A History of the Self-Determination of Peoples: The Domestication of an Illusion

6790:(which eventually managed to contain the autonomist and separatist tendencies). 4843:

confirmed by all participants in the Canadian federation could allow secession.

14423: 14381: 14351: 14341: 14259: 14252: 14237: 14227: 14063: 13999: 13941: 13936: 13921: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13580: 13515: 13044: 13017: 12870: 12582: 12489: 12369: 12341: 12182: 12029: 11997: 11962: 11923: 11644: 11216:

The South Tyrol question, 1866-2010 : from national rage to regional state

11180:

The South Tyrol question, 1866-2010 : from national rage to regional state

11018:"Membership of UK political parties - Commons Library briefing - UK Parliament" 10814:

Dynamics of Self-determination in Palestine, P. J. I. M. De Waart - 1994, p 191

10505: 10485: 9545: 8913: 7940: 7451: 7354: 7327: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7176: 7124:, a power reserved by the 1953 Resolution. This followed the 1967 passage of a 7063: 6867: 6516: 6500: 6484: 6480: 6457: 6442: 6257: 6121: 5914:. The successful implementation of this vision led to the establishment of the 5911: 5876: 5537: 5533: 5457: 4783: 4659: 4528: 4481: 4424: 4366: 4285:. The empire was in decline but adapted to these circumstances by creating the 4282: 4275: 4227: 4163: 4122: 3932: 3901: 3877: 3790: 3782: 3703: 3655: 3612: 3572: 3305: 3298: 3225: 3128: 3086: 3056: 3046: 2964: 2957: 2942: 2932: 2754: 2690: 2632: 2627: 2612: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2265: 2200: 1713: 1686: 1531: 1215: 980: 702: 540: 342: 322: 266: 10716: 9656:

The struggle for the Falkland Islands: a study in legal and diplomatic history

8576: 8171: 7278: 7089:

under the United States, with the least amount of independent control, to the

6756:

in Italy, or even outright independence from the latter. It also promotes the

5786:" and the pro-independence movement emerged on the Hong Kong political scene. 4940: 3344:

put it: "the people cannot decide until somebody decides who are the people".

14500: 14435: 14058: 13994: 13979: 13841: 13806: 13786: 13657: 13600: 13535: 12947: 12850: 12494: 11992: 11776: 11625: 11440: 11388: 10893:. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. 1–3. 10674: 10654: 10359: 9273: 9241: 8360:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

8146: 7019: 7003: 6845: 6681: 6573: 6379: 6302: 6229: 5899: 5558: 5148: 4878: 4859: 4762: 4720: 4590: 4520: 4461:

After decades of civil war, Indonesia finally recognized the independence of

4405: 4358: 4199: 4167: 4079:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

3913: 3909: 3767: 3758: 3671: 3538: 3341: 3214: 3140: 2749: 2685: 2670: 2526: 2491: 2471: 2342: 2285: 2220: 1608: 1511: 1005: 896: 535: 515: 510: 337: 127: 10139: 10106: 8676:"Normative Conflict – Territorial Integrity and National Self-Determination" 7916: 6499:

in the 1950s. Politically, there was no majority/minority relation between

4206:

to support a communist government assailed by local tribal groups. However,

14269: 14156: 13984: 13951: 13931: 13861: 13851: 13831: 13811: 13447: 13345: 13340: 13076: 13051: 12915: 12855: 12820: 12790: 11806: 10755:

Page of the Court case (The Defendant: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus)

10421:"General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages: 41 – 44)" 9994: 8121: 7953: 7419: 7291: 7287: 6764: 6655: 6418:

assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen

6395: 5592: 5487: 5421:

Almost three years later (1 October 2017), the Catalan government called a

5294: 4512: 4322: 4183: 4179: 4155: 4082: 3955: 3893: 3858: 3699: 3687: 3314: 3241: 3233: 2974: 2855: 2675: 2642: 2622: 2546: 2536: 2516: 2496: 2124: 2022: 2017: 1745: 1720: 1576: 1516: 1481: 1451: 1127: 955: 578: 545: 520: 286: 281: 246: 177: 172: 157: 87: 12002: 10004: 7696: 6622:

Palestinian self-determination is the aspiration of some Palestinians and

6547:, the laws of Northern Cyprus is valid in the north of Cyprus. ECtHR did 5855:, after all peoples also need territory and a central government to reach 5706:

has agreed to recognise the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians.

5255:

in 1990, 2002 and 2006. Since self-determination is not recognized in the

4385: 3670:. However, this imposition of states where some nationalities (especially 14171: 14131: 14099: 13966: 13926: 13766: 13679: 13630: 13605: 13505: 13198: 12937: 12920: 12875: 12795: 11901: 10040: 9392:"Trepidation, intimidation in eastern Ukraine as Sunday's election nears" 7379: 7166:

Since the late 20th century, some states periodically discuss desires to

7117: 7062:

and their descendants, as well as colonists and later settlers under the

6930: 6896: 6888: 6634:, as well as to the international right of self-determination applied to 6492: 6371: 6286: 6236:

sought to establish a separate country for the Nagas. Phizo's group, the

6225: 5949: 5856: 5251:

Basque nationalists. The right of self-determination was asserted by the

5140: 5046: 5010: 4678: 4638: 4559: 4536: 4298: 4222: 4215: 4211: 4191: 4086: 3917: 3722: 3510: 3468: 3291: 3287: 2870: 2830: 2798: 2657: 2617: 2451: 2364: 2315: 2290: 2190: 1875: 1598: 1581: 1536: 1456: 1050: 1040: 879: 463: 10834:

Canada: Parti Québécois convention meets as support for separation wanes

10540:

James R. Crawford, "The Creation of States in International Law", 2007.

10208:"United Nations Treaty Series Nr. 10760: Agreement relating to Malaysia" 10012: 8168:"Text of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" 7958:

Really existing nationalisms: a post-communist view from Marx and Engels

7286:

Since the late 2000s there has been growing calls for the people of the

6946: 6426:

in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortified

1159: 14445: 14440: 14321: 14316: 14212: 14196: 14053: 13946: 13904: 13866: 13674: 13662: 13635: 13625: 13545: 12964: 12959: 12930: 12865: 12714: 12438: 12356: 12039: 8290:

Paul R. Hensel and Michael E. Allison, Department of Political Science

7834: 7569: 7471: 7390:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

7125: 6994: 6942: 6749: 6322: 5937: 5833: 5286: 5168: 5167:. However, their movement was hijacked by the Islamist terrorist group 4714: 4704: 4485: 4462: 4346: 4271: 3750: 3616: 3514: 3491: 3330: 3279: 3237: 3150: 3145: 3026: 3021: 2917: 2893: 2744: 2637: 2595: 2551: 2359: 2347: 2320: 2310: 2230: 1625: 1620: 1591: 1526: 1367: 1144: 1112: 1065: 724: 593: 583: 573: 11657:

United Nations Trust Territories that have achieved self-determination

11620:

Text of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

7629: 6899:. The German-speaking inhabitants of South Tyrol are protected by the 6309:

and Indonesia on 31 July 1963 to abide by the wishes of the people of

5755: 4803:

founding the People's Republic of China. The 1947 Constitution of the

3993:

independence although its political status continues to be ambiguous.

14346: 14294: 14011: 13610: 12740: 12007: 11977: 11918: 11248: 10183:

Separatism in North East India: Role of Religion, Language and Script

9899:"Andalusian nationalists say 'yes' to Gibraltar's self-determination" 8862:

The Constitutional Right of Secession in Political Theory and History

8602:"Self-Determination of the Peoples of Quebec Under International Law" 7241: 6872: 6857: 6465: 6403: 6117: 5932:

Ever since Pakistan and India's inception in 1947 the legal state of

5634: 5414: 5378: 5352: 5290: 4532: 4451: 4370: 4362: 4318: 4243: 3966: 3958:

threat of seizing parts of Inner Mongolia induced China to recognize

3897: 3889: 3881: 3806: 3683: 3632: 3588: 3564: 3503: 3275: 3264: 3051: 2999: 2702: 2295: 1401: 1025: 11602: 11409:"House votes in favor of resolving Puerto Rico's territorial status" 8392:"East Timor: Indonesia's invasion and the long road to independence" 8309:, research paper at Paul Hensel's Florida State university web site. 7047: 6007: 5793:

has gained momentum, particularly after the failure of the peaceful

5658: 4839:

in 1998 ruled that only both a clear majority of the province and a

4049: 3943:

proclaimed their independence. Independence was not accepted by the

3738: 3357: 14311: 14141: 14068: 13719: 13645: 13550: 13510: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12810: 12805: 12750: 11967: 11629: 7836:

National Self-Determination: The Emergence of an International Norm

7206:

There is an active movement based on the self-determination of the

7015: 6741: 6654:

along borders, as well the preservation of important sites such as

6627: 6601: 6461: 6282: 5982: 5588: 5453: 5445: 5232: 5130: 5026: 4540: 4428: 4326: 3873: 3623:, they called for Russia's immediate withdrawal as a member of the 3260: 3245: 3016: 2840: 2759: 2404: 2330: 2235: 2195: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1471: 1466: 1411: 1139: 1122: 1055: 835: 11492:

Autonomy, Self Governance and Conflict Resolution (Kindle Edition)

9145:"Spain's Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law" 8653: 5989:

However, despite boycott calls by separatist leaders in 2014, the

4633:

National self-determination appears to challenge the principle of

4612: 3365:

This section may contain original research or biased language and

48: 12815: 12719: 12699: 12672: 12647: 12551: 11940: 11827:

Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin

10358:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

7215: 6787: 6582: 6469: 6438: 6427: 6375: 5895: 5868: 5541: 5525: 5495: 5452:, using self-determination, Russia's history of bad treatment of 5373:, in which between 600,000 and 1.5 million citizens marched, the 5236: 5156: 5066: 4765:

has dictated whether a minority can secede. In the United States

4745:

best interest of the state to allow the secession of this group.

4652: 4312: 4297:

which resulted in Islamic Pakistan and Secular India. Before the

4239: 4090: 3771: 3746: 3490:

by the people governed These ideas were inspired particularly by

3271: 1476: 1372: 1352: 1325: 1300: 1223: 874: 801: 11692: 11094:"Scotland votes to stay in the EU—but is dragged out by England" 9740:

Emigration from Scotland Between the Wars: Opportunity Or Exile?

6523:' coup to unify the island to Greece, which led to the eventual 5013:

on February 13, 1988. Traditionally considered the start of the

4100:

On 15 December 1960 the United Nations General Assembly adopted

3973:

renounced control over many of its former possessions including

13771: 12800: 12704: 12682: 12677: 12627: 12118:

Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic

10823:

The Failure of the Two-State Solution, Hani Faris - 2013, p 177

9496:"Overwhelming turnout and YES vote in the Falklands referendum" 8056: 8054: 8052: 7199: 7067: 7051: 6677: 6533: 6508: 6496: 6355: 6204: 5915: 5872: 5562: 5336: 5319: 5314: 5185: 5164: 5092: 4898: 4832: 4626: 4516: 4497: 4493: 4436: 4062: 3982: 3794: 3742: 3675: 3459:

The norm of self-determination can be originally traced to the

3210: 2456: 1461: 1357: 1335: 1330: 1280: 1107: 889: 884: 472: 40: 11016:

Loft, Philip; Dempsey, Noel; Audickas, Lukas (9 August 2019).

10690:

on which they operated...the Court has already found that the

8143:"Text of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 5944:

to accede to India on legal terms. When this Act was taken to

4214:

nations rebelling against colonial or puppet regimes. In many

4036:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

3770:

process in the 19th century, 90% of the people in Danzig were

13781: 12632: 10991:"Scottish independence support maintains lead in latest poll" 9143:

López-Fonseca, El País, Rebeca Carranco, Óscar (2017-10-17).

7046:

groups seek to "recreate" an ethnic-based state to be called

6884: 6106: 5829: 5803:

Chinese political interference in the University of Hong Kong

5665:. and there was no attempt to settle the islands until 1841. 5629:, 99.8% voted to remain British. As administering power, the 5160: 5080: 4804: 4707:

greater decision-making power to new or existing subunits or

4235: 4187: 3974: 3679: 2466: 1285: 11614:

Text of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

10063:"January 5th – Remembrance of Self-determination in Kashmir" 9615:

The Sovereignty Dispute Over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands

9416:"Ukraine's Poroshenko warns of 'full-scale' Russia invasion" 9343:"Canada Rejects Illegitimate Referendums in Eastern Ukraine" 8369:, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960. 8049: 6941:

by Romania. Some of these areas were inhabited by an ethnic

6740:

in Italian) is a social, cultural and political movement in

6491:

in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain at the beginning of

5836:

marching for the right to self-determination as part of the

14393: 14222: 12254:

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

11653:

Unofficial page for London-based Parliamentary lobby group.

10944:

Carrell, Severin; correspondent, Scotland (23 April 2012).

10504: 7612:

Encyclopedia of International Relations and Global Politics

6771: 6536:'s invasion in 1974, Turkish Cypriots were concentrated in 6329:

because Indonesia opposed the violation of the agreements.

5544:. However, many in the international community assert that 5152: 5088: 5084: 4412:

and reduced nuclear arms in Europe, while liberalizing the

4058: 4018:, which accepted those principles. The ratification of the 3509:

Nationalist sentiments emerged inside traditional empires:

3098: 2927: 11441:

Special Issue: Self-determination—A Double-edged Principle

8914:

Sixth Scholarly Panel: Cultural Identity in the New Europe

4442:

In December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president and the

4404:

in March 1985. With the cooperation of the U.S. President

11632:, published in Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy. 11343: 11043:"Scottish independence referendum: final results in full" 9847:"The Legal Status of Gibraltar: Whose Rock is it Anyway?" 8982:

Basque parliament adopts resolution on self-determination

8412:

Self-determination, International Society And World Order

7104:

Native Americans and their supporters protest during the

6460:

frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed

4143: 11459:

Self-Determination and Self-Administration: A Sourcebook

11271:

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest

10080: 9120:. Catalan News Agency. 28 September 2013. Archived from 4719:

Self-determination can be at odds with the principle of

4694: 10694:

set up in the "TRNC" was to be considered to have been

9946:(d) capacity to enter into relations with other states' 7917:

Self-Determination: The Legacy of the French Revolution

7395:

List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies

6464:

and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified

4761:

In liberal constitutional democracies the principle of

4691:

the right to self-determination was a universal right.

11506:

Globalization, Violent Conflict and Self-Determination

9584: 9043:(in Spanish). Goizargi.com. 2002-01-27. Archived from 8772:. UN Department of Public Information. 20 October 2008 8599: 5075:

is a political movement and nationalist desire of the

5025:(also known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic), in the 4769:

acknowledged that secession might be possible through

11481:

Globalization and Self-Determination (Kindle Edition)

11035: 10623:

Self-Determination and Secession in International Law

9999:. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Ltd. 9318:. Catalan News Agency. 6 October 2017. Archived from 8883:

Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession

8217:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1654 (XVI)

7993:"What Is Meant By The Self-Determination of Nations?" 7338:

United Nations list of non-self-governing territories

6807:

ceased to exist as a sovereign state in 1707, as did

6422:, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the 6207:

was established in 2012, amongst the upheaval of the

5970:

Indian soldiers on the streets of Kashmir during the

5190:

2014 human chain for Basque Country's right to decide

3868:. Japan joined the Allied Powers in World War I and 3220:

Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern

11817:

Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador

11457:

Danspeckgruber, Wolfgang F., and Arthur Watts, eds.

11368: 10943: 10486:

Behice Ozlem Gokakin, MS Thesis, Bilkent Univ., 2001

9460: 9340: 8294:

and Ahmed Khanani, Department of Political Science,

8232:

General Assembly 15th Session - resolution 1541 (XV)

7864:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 539-540. 6319:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)

6211:, but has not been recognized by any foreign state. 4715:

Self-determination versus majority rule/equal rights

4186:, along with support for revolutionary movements in 4102:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)

4075:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)

4032:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

12242:

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)

11598:

Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

11015: 10578:

Ethnic Cleansing and the European Union, p. 12

9901:. Gibraltar Chronicle. 11 July 2013. Archived from 9801:. OREGON REVIEW OF INT’L LAW . 2007. Archived from 9611: 8963:

The Normative Bases of the Global Territorial Order

8076:

Franciszek Mamuszka Wiedza Powszechna, 1966 page 83

7651:. United Kingdom: Taylor&Francis. p. 655. 11630:Self-Determination, Non-Domination, and Federalism 11339:"Puerto Ricans favor statehood for the first time" 11323:For complete statistics of these plebiscites, see 10923: 10665:in domestic law for the purposes of the Convention 10655:European Court of Human Rights 02.07.2013 Decision 9874:Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal 9770:. Gibraltarlaws.gov.gi. 2006-12-14. Archived from 9464:Britain and Latin America: A Changing Relationship 8699: 8673: 6120:is a historical region primarily inhabited by the 4886:and stated a determination to resist it by force. 4154:Decolonization in the world was contrasted by the 14357:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 12270:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP) 11336: 10937: 10858:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 106–108. 10333: 10331: 10113: 9454: 8496:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7862:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7810:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7647:Foweraker, Joe; Clarke, Paul Barry, eds. (2003). 7070:governments. Supporters of the proposed state of 4001: 3745:), which occupied a strategic location where the 3062:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 14498: 11651:Parliamentarians for National Self-Determination 9204:"Los Mossos, un historial de abusos e impunidad" 8642:"Legal Aspects of the Nagorno-Garabagh Conflict" 8498:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 542. 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 7812:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 542. 7634:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination 6774:, the Sardinian movement has its origins on the 5335:was fought between Biafran secessionists of the 5151:peoples was divided up by the modern borders of 14017:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 12176:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 11847:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 11504:, Frances Stewart, Rajesh Venugopal (Editors), 11439:Abulof, Uriel and Cordell, Karl (eds.) (2015). 10851: 10635:Impediments to Peacekeeping: The Case of Cyprus 10242:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 10179: 9870: 9230:"El 1 de octubre: el día del divorcio policial" 8255:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 7646: 7566:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 7155:use the language of self-determination. A 2008 6974:There are several movements in advocacy of the 6386:, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by 6321:, Principle 9 of the Annex taking into account 6293:, however, no referendum was ever conducted in 5849:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 4851:the unsuccessful ratification process in 2005. 4613:Self-determination versus territorial integrity 4584: 2708:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 13499:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11867:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 11143: 11141: 10328: 9736: 9441:"The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008" 8969:, Volume 21, no. 2 (June 2010), pp. 306 – 323. 8735:"The Challenge of Sovereignty in small states" 8523:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 52–53. 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7487:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 6434:, and used it as an important commercial hub. 5591:is run as a federation of semi-self-governing 5482:, and again on November 12, 1944, forming the 4655:. A line to enter a polling place, 11 May 2014 4503:As noted, self-determination movements remain 2184:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12567: 12454: 11678: 11535:In pursuit of The Right to Self-determination 9951: 9652: 9142: 8872:, Volume 17, no. 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 39 – 100. 8312: 7839:. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 186–233. 7832: 7729:all people had a right to self-determination. 7323:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 6844:but, as of July 2022, British Prime Minister 5043:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 3954:recognized China's sovereignty. However, the 3187: 1184: 432: 11852:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia 11842:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism 10946:"Scottish independence: the essential guide" 10152: 9689: 9167:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8693: 8678:. Centre for Social Sciences. Archived from 8518: 8339:School of Law, Volume 2, No. 2 (April 2005). 8040: 7833:Hecher, Michael; Borland, Elizabeth (2001). 7738: 7252:people has been violently suppressed by the 7202:for the independence of Western Sahara, 2007 6998:A Native American woman in traditional dress 6260:. An experience concerned the findings of a 4281:In 1947, India gained independence from the 4266:had gained control of mainland China in the 4150:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 13715:List of people killed for being transgender 11138: 10883: 10743:The news of the Court decision (13.10.2014) 10217:. United Nations. July 1963. Archived from 10156:Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Nagaland 10146: 9877:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 9826:Despatch. Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 9743:. Manchester University Press. p. 91. 9363:"EU@UN - EU Council conclusions on Ukraine" 8639: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8447: 7769: 7675:. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. 7282:A march for Cape Independence, January 2023 7014:), which have retained a certain degree of 6829:referendum on independence was held in 2014 6638:. Such sentiments are features of both the 6251: 6036:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5763:put up before a football match between the 5383:parliamentary elections on 25 November 2012 3912:to intervene on their behalf. However, the 3541:in China. Meanwhile, in Europe itself, the 2400:List of people killed for being transgender 12574: 12560: 12461: 12447: 11685: 11671: 11642:The Right of Nations to Self-Determination 11573:, Oromia Quarterly, Vol. II, No. 2, 1999. 11112: 11086: 11060: 11009: 10983: 10909:, Acta Sociologica, vol. 35, 1992, p. 267. 10845: 10589:"BBC Timeline: Cyprus, accessed 2-26-2008" 9730: 9058: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8703:Self-Determination and National Minorities 7668: 7589:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 8. 6744:calling for the self-determination of the 6680:have wanted the province to separate from 6650:, annexation efforts in East Jerusalem or 5645:Malvinas and South Atlantic Islands Museum 5553:arguments that the de facto separation of 4943:. Please do not remove this message until 3583: 3228:as an authoritative interpretation of the 3194: 3180: 1191: 1177: 439: 425: 12108:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples 11068:"Scotland backs Remain as UK votes Leave" 10931:La Sardegna durante il ventennio fascista 10546:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228423.001.0001 9578: 9467:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 8885:, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007. 8646:Caucasian Review of International Affairs 8609:Journal of Transnational Law & Policy 8457: 8286: 8284: 7891:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 7609: 7581: 7537:Encyclopedia of International Development 7410:National delimitation in the Soviet Union 7370:Informational self-determination (German) 7153:state, regional and city secession groups 6827:, campaigns for Scottish independence. A 6056:Learn how and when to remove this message 5891:beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl 5813:. According to a survey conducted by the 5613:Self-determination is referred to in the 4963:Learn how and when to remove this message 4355:Indonesia promptly invaded and annexed it 3702:created in the territories of the former 3666:as new states out of the wreckage of the 3500:United States Declaration of Independence 3442:Learn how and when to remove this message 12831:Social determinants of health in poverty 12468: 12098:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples 10717:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights" 10119: 9996:Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought 9956:. Kluwer Law International. p. 20. 9591:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 38. 9227: 8934:"The Reform of the Constitution in 2003" 8706:. Oxford University Press. p. 239. 8674:S. Neil MacFarlane (December 14, 2010). 8444: 7987: 7985: 7796:Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, 7614:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 7539:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 7512:"Self determination (international law)" 7277: 7235: 7193: 7099: 6993: 6591: 6572: 6342: 6305:, an agreement between the Philippines, 6100: 6067: 5965: 5880: 5824: 5754: 5678: 5639: 5519: 5408: 5318: 5184: 5134: 5105:Indigenous Australian self-determination 5004: 4939:Relevant discussion may be found on the 4858:held in 2003, every municipality in the 4668: 4643: 4616: 4554: 4431:, while in the 1990s Yugoslavia began a 4384: 4095:Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories 4048: 3599: 3596:in Europe after World War I (as of 1923) 3587: 3321:, jointly declared on 14 August 1941 by 3254: 1492:Social determinants of health in poverty 12218:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 10704:lacked independence and/or impartiality 10567:Saltzman and Evinch and Perles Law Firm 10159:. Mittal Publications. pp. 78–79. 9844: 9838: 9765:"The Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006" 9618:. Oxford University Press. p. 26. 9461:Victor Bulmer-Thomas (17 August 1989). 8847: 7884: 7664: 7662: 7534: 6085:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) 5633:deemed that transfer of sovereignty to 5589:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 5029:region, declared its independence in a 4977:list of historical separatist movements 4677:, calls rose for self-determination by 4408:, Gorbachev wound down the size of the 4140:is as important as self-determination. 3294:, the principle was encouraged by both 14: 14499: 12088:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada 11638:Legal Frontiers International Law Blog 11337:Castillo, Mariano (November 8, 2012). 11249:Professor Predicts 'Hispanic Homeland' 10879:Sardismo, lemma, Garzanti Linguistica. 10200: 10086: 9992: 9952:Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ed. (1995). 9935:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9659:. Yale University Press. p. 456. 9092:"Catalunya clama por la independencia" 8955: 8533: 8527: 8493: 8281: 7859: 7807: 7739:Daniel, Thürer; Thomas, Burri (2008). 7050:, after the legendary homeland of the 6703:, many of whom were supporters of the 6545:European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 6246:National Socialist Council of Nagaland 6143:, the treaty was then annulled by the 5799:Bill to Strengthen Internet Censorship 5683:Gibraltar National Day, September 2013 5231:) is a European region in the western 4865: 4396:The Cold War began to wind down after 4144:The communist versus capitalist worlds 3906:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 3757:in 1919, the Polish delegation led by 3578: 3325:, President of the United States, and 12555: 12442: 11973:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples 11872:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 11666: 11212: 11176: 10037:"A Way Out for Kashmir? - Solidarity" 8814: 7982: 7630:"Legal Aspects of Self-Determination" 5961:1987 Jammu and Kashmir state election 5898:is a nationalist ideology founded by 5820: 5693:2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum 5276: 5223:(not to be confused with the homonym 4748: 4695:Methods of increasing minority rights 4569:United Nations Millennium Declaration 4380: 4158:'s successful post-war expansionism. 4043:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3996: 3561:all seeking or winning independence. 3494:'s writings of the previous century. 3286:The concept emerged with the rise of 14481: 13521:Capital punishment for homosexuality 12836:Social determinants of mental health 11267: 10091:. Orient Longman. pp. 153–161. 9926: 9612:Lowell S. Gustafson (7 April 1988). 8600:Johan D. van der Vyver (Fall 2000). 8458:Pavkodic, Aleksander; Radan, Peter. 7659: 7405:Lists of active separatist movements 7318:Boundary problem (political science) 7106:Washington Redskins name controversy 6909:South Tyrolean independence movement 6264:that led the British territories of 6034:adding citations to reliable sources 6001: 5991:Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections 5619:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 5609:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 5504:East Turkistan Independence Movement 5474:East Turkestan independence movement 4989:lists of active separatist movements 4913: 3870:attacked German colonial possessions 3713:One of the German objections to the 3380:adding citations to reliable sources 3351: 3317:, the principle was included in the 2206:Capital punishment for homosexuality 1497:Social determinants of mental health 13641:Genital modification and mutilation 8333:International Journal of Baltic Law 7753:10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e873 7333:Special Committee on Decolonization 6558:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 6529:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 5602: 5371:2012 Catalan march for independence 5365:Catalan declaration of independence 5243:in France. Since the 19th century, 5039:evacuation of 99% of the population 4985:list of autonomous areas by country 4119:Special Committee on Decolonization 4081:", which supported the granting of 3660:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 3454: 2326:Genital modification and mutilation 32:Self-determination (disambiguation) 24: 12581: 12248:Convention on Biological Diversity 11382:"Secession: still a popular idea?" 11268:Ness, Immanuel, ed. (2009-07-28). 11222:. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 77. 11186:. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 71. 10702:that the "TRNC" courts as a whole 10180:Dr. Kunal Ghosh (1 January 2008). 10039:. 30 November 2001. Archived from 8881:Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, 8833:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1984.tb00163.x 8519:Pictet, Jean; et al. (1987). 8111:, New York: Random House page 219. 8098:, New York: Random House page 218. 8064:, New York: Random House page 211. 7649:Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought 6350:, North Nicosia in 2006, with the 6332: 5776:2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform 5569:claiming in 2015 that up to 9,000 5550:presidential elections in May 2014 5536:and the south-eastern part of the 5509: 5500:East Turkistan Government in Exile 4496:, its jurisdiction now limited to 3606:United Nations Trusteeship Council 3604:Map of the world in 1945, showing 3467:revolutions, and the emergence of 25: 14568: 12276:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement) 11586: 11446:Danspeckgruber, Wolfgang F., ed. 11325:Elections in Puerto Rico: Results 10186:. Suruchi Prakashan. p. 85. 9954:Perspectives on international law 9854:Fordham International Law Journal 9098:. El Periodico. 11 September 2012 7516:LII / Legal Information Institute 7183: 7170:. Unilateral secession was ruled 6483:in 1878. Cyprus was placed under 6410:. Following the death in 1473 of 6370:. As a strategic location in the 6244:. However, three factions of the 5889:proclaiming Israel's independence 5467: 5174: 5139:Tuareg rebels in the short-lived 5009:The first major demonstration in 4550: 4505:strong in some areas of the world 4202:Czechoslovak reforms of 1968. It 3920:who did not wish to leave China. 940:List of nationalist organizations 14480: 14471: 14470: 14120:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 13957:Law for Protection of the Nation 13857:White genocide conspiracy theory 12415: 12414: 12128:Government of the Sakha Republic 11837:Indigenous Environmental Network 11718:Free, prior and informed consent 11564:University of Pennsylvania Press 11401: 11374: 11351: 11330: 11317: 11296: 11280:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1253 11261: 11242: 11206: 11170: 10912: 10899: 10872: 10826: 10817: 10808: 10789: 10777: 10758: 10746: 10727: 10709: 10688:"constitutional and legal basis" 10668: 10648: 10628: 10616: 10606: 10581: 10572: 10560: 10550: 10534: 10498: 10479: 10458: 10437: 10413: 10389: 10365: 10353: 10308: 10277: 10246: 10235: 10215:United Nations Treaty Collection 10173: 10089:Hill politics in Northeast India 10087:Chaube, Shibani Kinkar (1999) . 10055: 10029: 9986: 9965: 9917: 9891: 9443:. Legislation.gov.uk. 2011-07-04 7964:, Oxford University Press, 1995 7190:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 6989: 6006: 5654:re-establishment of British rule 5561:and an invasion by neighbouring 5147:The traditional homeland of the 4918: 4909: 4357:. In 1999, Indonesian president 4307:Bangladesh obtained independence 4065:disintegrated after World War II 3629:Constitution of the Soviet Union 3356: 2819:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2648:Law for Protection of the Nation 2542:White genocide conspiracy theory 1222: 1158: 47: 13962:MSM blood donation restrictions 13710:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 12402:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 12264:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing 11948:Dakota Access Pipeline protests 11592:Thürer, Daniel, Burri, Thomas. 11422: 11022:Researchbriefings.parliament.uk 9819: 9788: 9757: 9720: 9683: 9646: 9605: 9585:Angel M. Oliveri López (1995). 9552: 9534: 9513: 9488: 9433: 9408: 9384: 9355: 9334: 9308: 9286: 9254: 9228:Carranco, Rebeca (2018-09-30). 9221: 9196: 9175: 9136: 9110: 9084: 9033: 9014: 8997: 8972: 8926: 8906: 8888: 8875: 8817:"A Liberal Theory of Secession" 8808: 8784: 8762: 8727: 8667: 8633: 8593: 8562: 8512: 8487: 8476: 8421: 8404: 8384: 8372: 8353: 8342: 8259: 8244: 8221: 8206: 8185: 8160: 8135: 8114: 8101: 8088: 8079: 8067: 8034: 8006: 7947: 7929: 7905: 7878: 7853: 7826: 7801: 7745:Oxford Public International Law 7732: 7715: 7689: 7610:Griffiths, Martin, ed. (2013). 7267: 7122:political status of Puerto Rico 6918: 6851: 6289:self-determination being held. 5815:Chinese University of Hong Kong 4162:and several regional states in 4071:United Nations General Assembly 3835:British Commonwealth of Nations 3635:for its constituent republics. 3619:came to power in Russia in the 3367:needs additional citations for 2653:MSM blood donation restrictions 2395:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 74:Natural rights and legal rights 64:Claim rights and liberty rights 13975:(as religious or racial quota) 12312:2009 Peruvian political crisis 11822:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples 10466:"United Nations Member States" 8866:Journal of Libertarian Studies 7669:Jörg Fisch (9 December 2015). 7640: 7622: 7603: 7575: 7555: 7546: 7528: 7504: 7375:International relations theory 7248:The self-determination of the 7034:, and tribal governments. The 6878: 6833:UK referendum on EU membership 6821:Scottish independence movement 6707:during the late-20th century. 6610:Palestinian self-determination 6456:Throughout Venetian rule, the 6414:, the last Lusignan king, the 6262:United Nations Assessment Team 6205:local Kurdish-dominated polity 6132:, an entity recognised by the 6076:'s female fighters during the 5847:have claimed through the 2007 5745:Sino-British Joint Declaration 5546:referendums held there in 2014 5484:Second East Turkestan Republic 5073:Assyrian independence movement 5059:Assyrian independence movement 4854:As a result of the successful 4511:independence, such as Taiwan, 4390:Changes in national boundaries 4256:Second East Turkestan Republic 4002:The UN Charter and resolutions 3753:, be ceded to Poland. At the 2666:(as religious or racial quota) 1031:Historiography and nationalism 481:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 13: 1: 14389:Second-generation gender bias 14105:Constitutional colorblindness 12826:Social determinants of health 12143:Council of Indigenous Peoples 11431:Lithuanian Historical Studies 10319:There was no Sabah referendum 10124:. Ashgate. pp. 171–173. 9927:Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). 9693:The Falkland story, 1592–1982 8901:Cornell University Law School 8770:"General Assembly GA/SPD/406" 8548:10.1080/17449057.2015.1051809 7498: 7240:A Free West Papua protest in 7221: 7174:by the U.S. Supreme Court in 7168:secede from the United States 7114:U.N. Decolonization Committee 7091:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 6980:Chinese occupation since 1950 6970:Tibetan independence movement 6189:Kurdistan Regional Government 6130:Kurdistan Regional Government 5743:(which is ratified under the 5737:special administrative region 5615:Falkland Islands Constitution 5480:First East Turkestan Republic 5448:declared independence as the 5361:Catalan independence movement 4860:Principality of Liechtenstein 4392:after the end of the Cold War 4321:gained independence from the 4303:insurgency in Northeast India 4016:Declaration by United Nations 3960:Outer Mongolia's independence 3094:Second-generation gender bias 2804:Constitutional colorblindness 1487:Social determinants of health 1123:Seasonal or cultural festival 102:Economic, social and cultural 12536:Collective rights management 12327:Expulsion of the Chagossians 11517:University of Nebraska Press 10855:Quebec nationalism in crisis 8663:– via cria-online.org. 8170:. .ohchr.org. Archived from 8145:. .ohchr.org. Archived from 6959:Taiwan independence movement 6763:and the preservation of its 6695:and support for maintaining 6568: 6554:United States' Federal Court 6177:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 5997: 5780:Chief Executive of Hong Kong 5769:China national football team 5720: 5709: 5668: 5450:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5436:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5400:Spanish Constitutional Court 5346: 5257:Spanish Constitution of 1978 5098: 4981:lists of decolonized nations 4651:organized by separatists in 4196:Hungarian revolution of 1956 3851:Indian independence movement 3729:wanted to remain within the 398:Self-determination of people 79:Negative and positive rights 7: 14300:Medical model of disability 14152:Hate speech laws by country 12123:Government of Bashkortostan 11988:American Indian reservation 11857:Native American Rights Fund 11508:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 10933:, Università di Tor Vergata 10765:Justia, Dockets and Filings 10753:Justia, Dockets and Filings 10700:not accepted the allegation 10675:ECtHR's 02.09.2015 Decision 8815:Beran, Harry (March 1984). 8700:Thomas D. Musgrave (2000). 8640:M. Mammadov (Winter 2006). 7492:Wars of national liberation 7305: 6984:Tibetan Government in-Exile 6913:Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement 6901:Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement 6815:(1707) created the unified 6793: 6778:of the political spectrum; 6761:of the island's environment 6710: 6705:Quebec sovereignty movement 6668:Quebec sovereignty movement 6648:occupation in the West Bank 6600:, free Palestine" rally in 6561:parts of the island." UK's 6406:for a short period and the 5979:Inter-Services Intelligence 5859:in international politics. 5838:human rights in Philippines 5627:Falkland Islands Government 5576: 5565:, with Ukrainian President 5524:Pro-Russian separatists in 5502:is at the forefront of the 5429: 5423:referendum for independence 5341:Nigerian central government 5273:Basque Homeland and Freedom 4945:conditions to do so are met 4848:European Union Constitution 4835:separation from Canada the 4623:Declaration of Independence 4448:fifteen sovereign republics 4446:relatively peacefully into 4329:. The Netherlands retained 4278:to spread their influence. 3831:Balfour Declaration of 1926 3224:, binding, as such, on the 3005:Medical model of disability 2851:Hate speech laws by country 966:Anti-globalization movement 69:Individual and group rights 10: 14573: 14409:Social model of disability 12881:Discrimination against men 12078:Fundação Nacional do Índio 11546:Cambridge University Press 11433:(2008), Vol. 13, p 21–39. 11153:South African Constitution 10120:Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). 9845:Lincoln, Simon J. (1994). 9268:(in Spanish). 2017-10-01. 8870:Ludwig von Mises Institute 8843:– via Sage Journals. 8652:(1): 14–30. Archived from 8337:Vytautas Magnus University 8045:. Oxford University Press. 7790:Betty Miller Unterberger, 7435:Principle of nationalities 7415:National personal autonomy 7271: 7225: 7187: 7056:Southwestern United States 6967: 6956: 6922: 6864:South African Constitution 6855: 6819:, but has a long-standing 6797: 6714: 6665: 6607: 6336: 6218: 6214: 6185:Kurdistan Democratic Party 6179:which currently holds the 6134:Iraqi Federal Constitution 6105:Pro-independence rally in 6093:Kurdish separatism in Iran 6082: 5925: 5921: 5866: 5811:2016 Mong Kok civil unrest 5724: 5713: 5672: 5606: 5580: 5573:were deployed in Ukraine. 5513: 5492:People’s Republic of China 5471: 5433: 5350: 5312: 5178: 5128: 5102: 5056: 5052: 4998: 4994: 4869: 4831:. In the case of proposed 4775:United States Constitution 4675:2019-20 Hong Kong protests 4598:Vytautas Magnus University 4478:People's Republic of China 4345:relinquished control over 4264:People's Republic of China 4147: 3855:National Socialist Program 3719:Republic of German-Austria 3631:acknowledged the right of 3347: 3114:Social model of disability 1542:Discrimination against men 1096:Principle of nationalities 29: 14466: 14205: 14082: 13875: 13762:Opposition to immigration 13486: 13126: 12973: 12733: 12683:Race / Ethnicity 12620: 12589: 12513: 12477: 12410: 12294: 12231: 12206: 12163: 12055: 12048: 11889: 11812:Assembly of First Nations 11797: 11705: 11255:November 7, 2012, at the 11251:, Associated Press, 2000 10907:The Dynamics of Secession 9696:. A. Nelson. p. 30. 9641:become myth in Argentina. 8903:Supreme Court collection. 7885:Hechter, Michael (2013). 7081:There are several active 6952: 6925:Székely autonomy movement 6748:in a context of national 6661: 6145:Treaty of Lausanne (1923) 5862: 5801:, demonstrations against 5735:The city is considered a 5516:War in Donbas (2014–2022) 5308: 5272: 5124: 5041:. It was a member of the 4856:constitutional referendum 4649:Donetsk status referendum 4069:On 14 December 1960, the 3823:Irish War of Independence 3807:Commonwealth of Australia 3708:League of Nations mandate 2447:Opposition to immigration 1336:Race / Ethnicity 673:Constitutional patriotism 13757:Occupational segregation 13526:Compulsory sterilization 12514:Rights of other entities 12302:Chechen–Russian conflict 12153:Bureau of Indian Affairs 11511:Joanne Barker (Editor), 11463:Lynne Rienner Publishers 11452:Lynne Rienner Publishers 10852:Dominique Clift (1982). 9993:Claeys, Gregory (2013). 9871:Antonio Cassese (1998). 9210:(in Spanish). 2017-10-03 8967:Diplomacy and Statecraft 8920:January 5, 2009, at the 8899:, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at 8292:Florida State University 8122:"United Nations Charter" 7256:since the withdrawal of 7058:, historic territory of 7054:. It would comprise the 7002:The colonization of the 6963: 6817:Kingdom of Great Britain 6624:Palestinian nationalists 6538:Turkish Cypriot enclaves 6475:Having invaded in 1570, 6327:Indonesian confrontation 6252:North Borneo and Sarawak 6169:Sulaymaniyah Governorate 6161:West Azerbaijan Province 5716:Greenlandic independence 5597:Constitution of Ethiopia 5391:Spanish Cortes Generales 4841:constitutional amendment 4813:constitutions of Austria 4492:government retreated to 4450:, all of which rejected 4421:revolutions of 1989 – 90 4402:Soviet General Secretary 4230:regimes such as that of 3949:Treaty of Kyakhta (1915) 3931:the Qing Dynasty, while 3825:, as established in the 3793:granted independence to 3537:in juxtaposition to the 3477:settlement at Versailles 2442:Occupational segregation 2211:Compulsory sterilization 56:Theoretical distinctions 14285:Internalized oppression 14147:Fighting Discrimination 14137:Fat acceptance movement 14095:Anti-discrimination law 13735:Native American mascots 12347:Little Danes experiment 12133:Government of Tatarstan 11800:political organizations 11569:Temesgen Muleta-Erena, 11474:Oxford University Press 11394:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 10734:Courthouse News Service 9973:Oxford University Press 9737:Marjory Harper (1998). 9021:¿QUÉ ES EL MLNV? ( y 4) 8275:March 20, 2012, at the 8238:March 20, 2012, at the 8074:Gdańsk i Ziemia Gdańska 7636:. Princeton University. 7457:Consent of the governed 6825:Scottish National Party 6618:Palestinian nationalism 6408:French Lusignan dynasty 6242:Shillong Accord of 1975 5765:Hong Kong Football Team 5617:and is a factor in the 5395:Parliament of Catalonia 5297:group with the goal of 5261:Amejoramiento del Fuero 5241:Northern Basque Country 5115:Torres Strait Islanders 5045:along with three other 4837:Supreme Court of Canada 4800:Chinese Communist Party 4726:tyranny of the majority 4353:in 1975, at which time 4291:Commonwealth of Nations 4249: 3987:Treaty of San Francisco 3652:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3644:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3584:Europe, Asia and Africa 3539:Manchurian ruling class 3525:in the Ottoman Empire; 3475:, the post-World War I 3308:. Having announced his 3303:United States President 2990:Internalized oppression 2846:Fighting Discrimination 2836:Fat acceptance movement 2794:Anti-discrimination law 2420:Native American mascots 14527:Independence movements 14404:Social identity threat 14377:Reverse discrimination 14367:Racial color blindness 13847:Violence against women 13827:Sex-selective abortion 12332:High Arctic relocation 12234:Declarations of Rights 11931:Cultural appropriation 11862:Survival International 11608:United Nations Charter 11443:, Ethnopolitics 14(5). 11155:. 1996. Archived from 10686:with reference to the 9653:Julius Goebel (1927). 9296:. RAC1. 6 October 2017 9041:"What is the MNLV (3)" 9030:"What is the MNLV (4)" 9008:April 7, 2010, at the 8615:(1–38). Archived from 7300:Cape Liberal Tradition 7283: 7245: 7203: 7109: 6999: 6986:is a notable example. 6889:South Tyrol/Alto Adige 6632:sovereign independence 6605: 6589: 6507:; and hence, in 1960, 6485:British administration 6362:Cyprus was settled by 6359: 6317:within the context of 6114: 6089:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 6080: 5974: 5948:, the last viceroy of 5892: 5841: 5771: 5727:Hong Kong independence 5689:Gibraltar constitution 5684: 5659:should have precedence 5648: 5583:Government of Ethiopia 5529: 5418: 5375:President of Catalonia 5328: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5144: 5111:Aboriginal Australians 5018: 4846:The 2003 draft of the 4742: 4682: 4656: 4630: 4563: 4527:independence, such as 4444:Soviet Union dissolved 4393: 4110:United Nations Charter 4066: 4030:Article 1 in both the 4020:United Nations Charter 4008:Allies of World War II 3787:Statute of Westminster 3755:Paris Peace Conference 3609: 3597: 3283: 3109:Social identity threat 3082:Reverse discrimination 3072:Racial color blindness 2532:Violence against women 2512:Sex-selective abortion 1021:Gender and nationalism 295:Other groups of rights 14542:Human rights by issue 14372:Religious intolerance 14332:Political correctness 14162:Intersex human rights 14110:Cultural assimilation 13792:Religious persecution 13556:Disability hate crime 13341:Jewish / Antisemitism 12337:Human rights in Tibet 12064:Aotearoa-New Zealand 11958:Fortress conservation 11760:Traditional knowledge 11723:Intellectual property 11553:Theories of Secession 11533:Y.N. Kly and D. Kly, 11274:(1 ed.). Wiley. 11213:Grote, Georg (2012). 11177:Grote, Georg (2012). 10774:Decision of the Court 10661:, may be regarded as 10508:; Tamara Kovziridze. 10153:Hamlet Bareh (2001). 10005:10.4135/9781452234168 9943:Montevideo Convention 9690:Mary Cawkell (1983). 9396:america.aljazeera.com 8464:Macquarie Law Journal 8418:Law Journal, 1, 2003. 7535:Forsyth, Tim (2018). 7482:Territorial integrity 7447:Religious nationalism 7360:Independence movement 7296:South Africa Act 1909 7281: 7254:Indonesian Government 7239: 7197: 7103: 7095:Hawaiian constitution 6997: 6933:, large areas of the 6800:Scottish independence 6722:Sardinian nationalism 6717:Sardinian nationalism 6595: 6576: 6390:. Subsequent rule by 6346: 6238:Naga National Council 6104: 6071: 5969: 5957:insurgency in Kashmir 5884: 5828: 5758: 5749:handover of Hong Kong 5682: 5647:in Buenos Aires, 2015 5643: 5523: 5412: 5322: 5268:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna 5188: 5138: 5008: 4825:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4737: 4672: 4647: 4635:territorial integrity 4620: 4558: 4507:. Some areas possess 4388: 4299:advent of the British 4182:and the countries of 4138:territorial integrity 4052: 3811:Union of South Africa 3721:, which included the 3658:and the union of the 3646:in March 1918 led to 3625:Allies of World War I 3603: 3591: 3323:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3258: 3077:Religious intolerance 3037:Political correctness 2861:Intersex human rights 2809:Cultural assimilation 2477:Religious persecution 2241:Disability hate crime 2018:Jewish / Antisemitism 1071:National indifference 115:Rights by beneficiary 18:National independence 13777:Political repression 12786:Anti-left handedness 12776:Anti-intellectualism 12541:Corporate personhood 12531:Collective agreement 12361:Residential schools 12307:Sri Lankan Civil War 12049:Legal representation 12018:Urban Indian reserve 11907:Internal colonialism 11798:Non-governmental and 11753:in the United States 11647:February – May 1914. 11496:Taylor & Francis 11485:Taylor & Francis 11415:. December 15, 2022. 10696:"established by law" 10684:"established by law" 10663:having a legal basis 10433:on October 29, 2013. 10297:on November 11, 2011 8912:Xenophon Contiades, 8416:Macquarie University 8327:Vita Gudeleviciute, 8107:Macmillan, Margaret 8094:Macmillan, Margaret 8060:Macmillan, Margaret 7944:, July 20, 1919, 69. 7792:"Self-Determination" 7741:"Self-Determination" 6868:South African people 6585:showing support for 6400:Eastern Roman Empire 6366:in two waves in the 6307:Federation of Malaya 6165:Kingdom of Kurdistan 6030:improve this section 5559:pro-Soviet sentiment 5225:Autonomous Community 5195:The Basque Country ( 5049:disputed republics. 4883:uti possidetis juris 4872:Partition (politics) 4577:Macquarie University 4476:and established the 4351:Carnation Revolution 4349:in the aftermath of 4287:British Commonwealth 4221:Soviet actions were 4134:uti possidetis juris 3715:Treaty of Versailles 3608:territories in green 3391:"Self-determination" 3376:improve this article 3338:constitutes a people 2462:Political repression 1447:Anti-left handedness 1437:Anti-intellectualism 996:Cultural nationalism 865:National syndicalist 413:Water and sanitation 14280:Historical eugenics 13817:Segregation academy 13797:Religious terrorism 13586:Enemy of the people 13494:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 13013:Jehovah's Witnesses 12906:Perpetual foreigner 11912:Settler colonialism 11369:Zogby International 10323:Free Malaysia Today 10266:on January 21, 2012 9923:See the following: 9523:. En.mercopress.com 9502:. En.mercopress.com 8796:avalon.law.yale.edu 8582:on January 20, 2012 8043:Fezzes in the River 8014:"The World in 1945" 7703:. February 11, 1918 7462:Popular sovereignty 7258:Dutch colonial rule 7232:Free Papua Movement 7198:A demonstration in 7157:Zogby International 7087:Indian reservations 7044:Chicano nationalist 6976:Tibetan sovereignty 6862:Section 235 of the 6842:Scottish Parliament 6838:Scottish Government 6784:Italian nationalism 6701:Quebec nationalists 6652:freedom of movement 6451:Helena Palaiologina 6388:Alexander the Great 6291:Unlike in Singapore 6274:Malaysia Federation 6157:Republic of Mehabad 5938:Maharaja Hari Singh 5784:Umbrella Revolution 5741:Hong Kong Basic Law 5704:Partido Andalucista 5675:Status of Gibraltar 5652:This refers to the 5625:, organised by the 5540:regions of eastern 5301:. Its ideology was 5299:Basque independence 5023:Republic of Artsakh 5001:Republic of Artsakh 4932:of this section is 4903:Boundary Commission 4889:The border between 4866:Drawing new borders 4621:Celebration of the 4410:Soviet Armed Forces 4331:its New Guinea part 4204:invaded Afghanistan 4041:The United Nations 3945:government of China 3776:Free City of Danzig 3735:Polish independence 3594:territorial changes 3579:World Wars I and II 3543:rise of nationalism 3473:revolutions of 1848 2985:Historical eugenics 2502:Segregation academy 2482:Religious terrorism 2271:Enemy of the people 2179:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 1682:Jehovah's Witnesses 1567:Perpetual foreigner 1165:Politics portal 1118:Right-wing populism 1076:Nationalism studies 97:Civil and political 14507:Political theories 14192:Social integration 14187:Self-determination 14177:Racial integration 14125:Diversity training 14115:Cultural pluralism 14090:Affirmative action 13990:Racial segregation 13900:Crime of apartheid 13802:Religious violence 13305:Indigenous people 12710:Sexual orientation 12500:Self-determination 12397:Stolen Generations 12198:BBNJ ABS Committee 11953:Discovery doctrine 11897:Civilizing mission 11738:Self-determination 11594:Self-determination 11555:, Routledge, 1998. 11363:2008-08-14 at the 10975:has generic name ( 10839:2011-11-28 at the 10801:2017-02-05 at the 10770:2017-10-25 at the 10739:2014-10-22 at the 10721:hudoc.echr.coe.int 10640:2017-02-22 at the 10491:2017-03-06 at the 10409:on March 20, 2012. 9831:2013-11-07 at the 9124:on October 1, 2012 9026:2019-01-15 at the 8961:Sebastian Anstis, 8410:Martin Griffiths, 8365:2012-05-08 at the 8305:2005-05-28 at the 8296:Indiana University 8041:Sarah D. Shields. 7922:2020-03-04 at the 7724:: Clause 3 of the 7365:Indigenous peoples 7284: 7246: 7204: 7151:Many current U.S. 7110: 7060:indigenous peoples 7028:Tribal Sovereignty 7024:federal government 7006:continent and its 7000: 6945:population called 6935:Kingdom of Hungary 6905:Die Freiheitlichen 6693:Quebec nationalism 6678:Province of Quebec 6644:two state solution 6640:one state solution 6614:State of Palestine 6606: 6590: 6521:Greek nationalists 6509:Republic of Cyprus 6497:Republic of Turkey 6416:Republic of Venice 6360: 6278:Cobbold Commission 6187:which governs the 6149:Republic of Ararat 6115: 6081: 5975: 5893: 5845:Indigenous peoples 5842: 5821:Indigenous peoples 5772: 5685: 5649: 5631:British Government 5530: 5419: 5337:Republic of Biafra 5333:Nigerian Civil War 5329: 5325:Nigerian Civil War 5323:A girl during the 5283:Basque nationalist 5245:Basque nationalism 5193: 5181:Basque nationalism 5145: 5119:homelands movement 5035:military offensive 5019: 4791:in 1933 held that 4789:British Parliament 4749:Constitutional law 4683: 4657: 4631: 4585:Defining "peoples" 4564: 4394: 4381:After the Cold War 4339:Act of Free Choice 4333:from the previous 4295:Partition of India 4262:to China. The new 4067: 3997:The Cold War world 3888:. It established 3866:Russo-Japanese War 3827:Anglo-Irish Treaty 3815:British parliament 3621:October Revolution 3610: 3598: 3284: 3207:Self-determination 2889:Social integration 2885:Self-determination 2876:Racial integration 2824:Diversity training 2814:Cultural pluralism 2789:Affirmative action 2681:Racial segregation 2591:Crime of apartheid 2487:Religious violence 1982:Indigenous people 1363:Sexual orientation 1036:Imagined community 870:National Bolshevik 589:Self-determination 14532:Collective rights 14512:International law 14494: 14493: 14362:Racism by country 14290:Intersectionality 14275:Heteronormativity 14074:Voter suppression 13822:Sexual harassment 13621:Forced conversion 13541:Cultural genocide 13204:African Americans 13023:post–Cold War era 13008:Eastern Orthodoxy 12771:Anti-drug addicts 12766:Anti-homelessness 12693:Scientific racism 12549: 12548: 12526:Return of results 12436: 12435: 12421:Indigenous rights 12290: 12289: 12223:Indigenous Caucus 12164:Intergovernmental 12013:Russian republics 11983:Autonomous okrugs 11832:Cultural Survival 11540:Antonio Cassese, 11289:978-1-4051-8464-9 11229:978-3-0353-0303-2 11193:978-3-0353-0303-2 11126:. 3 November 2019 10997:. 3 February 2020 10865:978-0-7735-0383-0 10193:978-81-89622-33-6 10166:978-81-7099-793-1 10131:978-0-7546-3607-6 10022:978-0-87289-910-0 9981:978-0-190-23754-7 9941:Article 1 of the 9931:International law 9750:978-0-7190-4927-9 9703:978-0-904614-08-4 9625:978-0-19-504184-2 9598:978-1-55587-521-3 9474:978-0-521-37205-3 9066:"Nigeria profile" 8821:Political Studies 8713:978-0-19-829898-4 8505:978-0-19-876820-3 8400:. 29 August 2019. 8234:(pages: 509-510) 7978:978-0-19-827959-4 7913:Oxford University 7911:Chimène Keitner, 7898:978-1-107-04254-4 7871:978-0-19-876820-3 7846:978-1-61044-280-0 7819:978-0-19-876820-3 7762:978-0-19-923169-0 7682:978-1-107-03796-0 7583:McWhinney, Edward 7345:Ethnic separatism 7274:Cape Independence 6765:cultural heritage 6697:Québécois culture 6604:, 21 October 2023 6489:Cyprus Convention 6447:John II of Cyprus 6424:Kingdom of Cyprus 6420:Catherine Cornaro 6368:2nd millennium BC 6234:Angami Zapu Phizo 6113:in September 2017 6066: 6065: 6058: 5942:Jammu and Kashmir 5934:Jammu and Kashmir 5906:in the region of 5904:all Jewish people 5809:protests and the 5807:Recover Yuen Long 5795:Umbrella Movement 5759:Pro-independence 5697:Treaty of Utrecht 5417:on 1 October 2018 5381:, called for new 5357:Catalan Countries 5271:or ETA (English: 5253:Basque Parliament 5239:in Spain and the 5143:of Azawad in 2012 4973: 4972: 4965: 4793:Western Australia 4560:Southern Sudanese 4490:Republic of China 4474:Chinese Civil War 4400:assumed power as 4398:Mikhail Gorbachev 4361:was pressured by 4335:Dutch East Indies 4268:Chinese Civil War 4260:Manchurian claims 4053:Western European 3925:Republic of China 3914:Lytton commission 3886:invaded Manchuria 3696:League of Nations 3664:Kingdom of Serbia 3531:Japanese identity 3519:Kemalist ideology 3452: 3451: 3444: 3426: 3327:Winston Churchill 3222:international law 3204: 3203: 3067:Racism by country 2995:Intersectionality 2980:Heteronormativity 2765:Voter suppression 2507:Sexual harassment 2306:Forced conversion 2226:Cultural genocide 1881:African Americans 1692:post–Cold War era 1677:Eastern Orthodoxy 1432:Anti-drug addicts 1427:Anti-homelessness 1346:Scientific racism 1201: 1200: 1016:Gastronationalism 1001:Diaspora politics 976:Banal nationalism 449: 448: 107:Three generations 16:(Redirected from 14564: 14552:Decentralization 14484: 14483: 14474: 14473: 14414:Social privilege 14399:Social exclusion 14327:Police brutality 14248:Multiculturalism 14218:Amatonormativity 14049:Social exclusion 13885:Age of candidacy 13685:Homeless dumping 13591:Ethnic cleansing 12576: 12569: 12562: 12553: 12552: 12463: 12456: 12449: 12440: 12439: 12418: 12417: 12352:Mapuche conflict 12322:Chiapas conflict 12317:Alta controversy 12295:Historical cases 12053: 12052: 12035:Rainbow Warriors 12025:Manifest destiny 11713:Ancestral domain 11687: 11680: 11673: 11664: 11663: 11502:Valpy Fitzgerald 11468:Allen Buchanan, 11417: 11416: 11405: 11399: 11378: 11372: 11371:, July 23, 2008. 11355: 11349: 11348: 11334: 11328: 11321: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11265: 11259: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11221: 11210: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11200: 11185: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11164: 11145: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11116: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11090: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11053: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11013: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11002: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10974: 10970: 10968: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10941: 10935: 10927: 10921: 10916: 10910: 10903: 10897: 10887: 10881: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10849: 10843: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10815: 10812: 10806: 10793: 10787: 10781: 10775: 10762: 10756: 10750: 10744: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10713: 10707: 10672: 10666: 10652: 10646: 10632: 10626: 10620: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10600: 10585: 10579: 10576: 10570: 10564: 10558: 10554: 10548: 10538: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10521: 10515:. Archived from 10514: 10502: 10496: 10483: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10473: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10426:. Archived from 10425: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10402:. Archived from 10401: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10377: 10369: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10343: 10335: 10326: 10325:, March 8, 2013. 10315:Jeffrey Kitingan 10312: 10306: 10305: 10303: 10302: 10296: 10290:. Archived from 10289: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10271: 10265: 10259:. Archived from 10258: 10250: 10244: 10239: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10223: 10212: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10150: 10144: 10143: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10065:. Archived from 10059: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10043:on 5 August 2016 10033: 10027: 10026: 9990: 9984: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9948: 9934: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9905:on 13 April 2014 9895: 9889: 9888: 9868: 9862: 9861: 9851: 9842: 9836: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9813: 9807: 9800: 9792: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9782: 9776: 9769: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9734: 9728: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9710: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9675: 9673: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9634: 9632: 9609: 9603: 9602: 9582: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9571: 9562:. Archived from 9556: 9550: 9549: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9528: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9492: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9378: 9369:. Archived from 9359: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9312: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9166: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9114: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9088: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9062: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9037: 9031: 9018: 9012: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8976: 8970: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8940:. Archived from 8930: 8924: 8910: 8904: 8892: 8886: 8879: 8873: 8860:Andrei Kreptul, 8858: 8845: 8844: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8766: 8760: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8746: 8740:. Archived from 8739: 8731: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8671: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8661: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8621: 8606: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8581: 8575:. Archived from 8574: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8491: 8485: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8455: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8425: 8419: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8388: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8357: 8351: 8346: 8340: 8325: 8310: 8288: 8279: 8263: 8257: 8248: 8242: 8225: 8219: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174:on March 3, 2012 8164: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8149:on March 3, 2012 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8118: 8112: 8105: 8099: 8092: 8086: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8047: 8046: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8018: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7989: 7980: 7951: 7945: 7933: 7927: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7805: 7799: 7788: 7767: 7766: 7736: 7730: 7726:Atlantic Charter 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7666: 7657: 7656: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7579: 7573: 7559: 7553: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7508: 7477:Stateless nation 7443: 7430:Plurinationalism 7425:Non-Intervention 7350:Ethnonationalism 7313:Anti-imperialism 7262:Dutch New Guinea 7172:unconstitutional 7112:Since 1972, the 7064:Spanish colonial 6746:Sardinian people 6676:citizens in the 6672:In Canada, many 6525:Turkish invasion 6505:Turkish Cypriots 6432:Walls of Nicosia 6430:by building the 6364:Mycenaean Greeks 6221:Naga nationalism 6209:Syrian Civil War 6181:Iraqi presidency 6163:, Iran) and the 6141:Treaty of Sèvres 6061: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6041: 6010: 6002: 5946:Lord Mountbatten 5928:Kashmir conflict 5886:David Ben-Gurion 5853:sovereign states 5603:Falkland Islands 5571:Russian soldiers 5567:Petro Poroshenko 5462:Caucasus Emirate 5442:Dzhokhar Dudayev 5303:Marxist–Leninist 5281:), was an armed 5280: 5274: 5015:Artsakh movement 4968: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4948: 4922: 4921: 4914: 4895:Irish Free State 4891:Northern Ireland 4755:sovereign states 4709:autonomous areas 4456:four major areas 4433:violent break up 4289:—since 1949 the 4258:and gave up its 4232:Augusto Pinochet 4208:Marxism–Leninism 4176:satellite states 4055:colonial empires 4034:(ICCPR) and the 4012:Atlantic Charter 3989:, giving Taiwan 3819:Irish Free State 3749:flowed into the 3569:Friedrich Engels 3523:Arab nationalism 3496:Thomas Jefferson 3455:Pre-20th century 3447: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3384: 3360: 3352: 3319:Atlantic Charter 3278:'s treatment of 3196: 3189: 3182: 3119:Social privilege 3104:Social exclusion 3032:Police brutality 2953:Multiculturalism 2923:Amatonormativity 2740:Social exclusion 2576:Age of candidacy 2370:Homeless dumping 2276:Ethnic cleansing 1226: 1203: 1202: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1163: 1162: 1104: 1086:Plurinationalism 1046:Internationalism 986:Communitarianism 971:Anti-imperialism 961:Anti-nationalism 950:Related concepts 451: 450: 441: 434: 427: 388:Rest and leisure 51: 37: 36: 21: 14572: 14571: 14567: 14566: 14565: 14563: 14562: 14561: 14497: 14496: 14495: 14490: 14462: 14337:Polyculturalism 14233:Civil liberties 14201: 14182:Reappropriation 14083:Countermeasures 14078: 14007:Racial steering 13973:Numerus clausus 13877: 13871: 13596:Ethnic conflict 13531:Corrective rape 13482: 13122: 12969: 12861:HIV/AIDS stigma 12729: 12678:Mental disorder 12616: 12585: 12580: 12550: 12545: 12521:Protected group 12509: 12505:Right of return 12485:Right to resist 12478:National rights 12473: 12467: 12437: 12432: 12427:Minority rights 12406: 12392:San controversy 12286: 12260:Nagoya Protocol 12233: 12227: 12210: 12208: 12202: 12165: 12159: 12057: 12044: 11885: 11799: 11793: 11701: 11699:minority rights 11691: 11589: 11584: 11551:Percy Lehning, 11479:Annalisa Zinn, 11425: 11420: 11407: 11406: 11402: 11379: 11375: 11365:Wayback Machine 11356: 11352: 11335: 11331: 11322: 11318: 11309: 11307: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11290: 11266: 11262: 11257:Wayback Machine 11247: 11243: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11198: 11196: 11194: 11183: 11175: 11171: 11162: 11160: 11147: 11146: 11139: 11129: 11127: 11118: 11117: 11113: 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10354: 10347: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10329: 10321:, published by 10313: 10309: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10283: 10282: 10278: 10269: 10267: 10263: 10256: 10252: 10251: 10247: 10240: 10236: 10227: 10225: 10224:on May 14, 2011 10221: 10210: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10178: 10174: 10167: 10151: 10147: 10132: 10118: 10114: 10099: 10085: 10081: 10072: 10070: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10046: 10044: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10023: 9991: 9987: 9970: 9966: 9922: 9918: 9908: 9906: 9897: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9869: 9865: 9849: 9843: 9839: 9833:Wayback Machine 9824: 9820: 9811: 9809: 9805: 9798: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9780: 9778: 9774: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9751: 9735: 9731: 9725: 9721: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9688: 9684: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9651: 9647: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9610: 9606: 9599: 9583: 9579: 9569: 9567: 9558: 9557: 9553: 9540: 9539: 9535: 9526: 9524: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9505: 9503: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9446: 9444: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9425: 9423: 9414: 9413: 9409: 9400: 9398: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9376: 9374: 9367:eu-un.europa.eu 9361: 9360: 9356: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9314: 9313: 9309: 9299: 9297: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9278: 9276: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9246: 9244: 9226: 9222: 9213: 9211: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9188: 9186: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9160: 9159: 9153: 9151: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9090: 9089: 9085: 9075: 9073: 9064: 9063: 9059: 9050: 9048: 9039: 9038: 9034: 9028:Wayback Machine 9019: 9015: 9010:Wayback Machine 9002: 8998: 8989: 8987: 8978: 8977: 8973: 8960: 8956: 8947: 8945: 8938:fuerstenhaus.li 8932: 8931: 8927: 8922:Wayback Machine 8911: 8907: 8893: 8889: 8880: 8876: 8859: 8848: 8813: 8809: 8800: 8798: 8790: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8685: 8683: 8672: 8668: 8659: 8657: 8638: 8634: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8604: 8598: 8594: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8572: 8568: 8567: 8563: 8532: 8528: 8517: 8513: 8506: 8492: 8488: 8481: 8477: 8468: 8466: 8456: 8445: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8409: 8405: 8397:TheGuardian.com 8390: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8367:Wayback Machine 8358: 8354: 8347: 8343: 8326: 8313: 8307:Wayback Machine 8289: 8282: 8277:Wayback Machine 8264: 8260: 8249: 8245: 8240:Wayback Machine 8226: 8222: 8211: 8207: 8198: 8196: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8177: 8175: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8152: 8150: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8127: 8125: 8120: 8119: 8115: 8106: 8102: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8072: 8068: 8059: 8050: 8039: 8035: 8026: 8024: 8016: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7998: 7996: 7991: 7990: 7983: 7952: 7948: 7934: 7930: 7924:Wayback Machine 7910: 7906: 7899: 7883: 7879: 7872: 7858: 7854: 7847: 7831: 7827: 7820: 7806: 7802: 7789: 7770: 7763: 7737: 7733: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7683: 7667: 7660: 7645: 7641: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7580: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7551: 7547: 7533: 7529: 7520: 7518: 7510: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7496: 7467:Self-governance 7437: 7308: 7276: 7270: 7234: 7226:Main articles: 7224: 7212:Western Saharan 7192: 7186: 7116:has called for 7008:Native American 6992: 6972: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6931:First World War 6927: 6921: 6897:First World War 6881: 6860: 6854: 6802: 6796: 6719: 6713: 6690:French-speaking 6686:Parti Québécois 6670: 6664: 6620: 6608:Main articles: 6571: 6540:in the island. 6404:Arab caliphates 6392:Ptolemaic Egypt 6352:Northern Cyprus 6341: 6339:Northern Cyprus 6335: 6333:Northern Cyprus 6254: 6223: 6217: 6173:Iraqi Kurdistan 6155:, Turkey), the 6126:Iraqi Kurdistan 6111:Iraqi Kurdistan 6099: 6097:Rojava conflict 6083:Main articles: 6062: 6051: 6045: 6042: 6027: 6011: 6000: 5930: 5924: 5916:State of Israel 5879: 5867:Main articles: 5865: 5823: 5729: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5677: 5671: 5623:2013 referendum 5611: 5605: 5585: 5579: 5555:Eastern Ukraine 5518: 5512: 5510:Eastern Ukraine 5476: 5470: 5438: 5432: 5385:to elect a new 5367: 5351:Main articles: 5349: 5317: 5311: 5221:cultural region 5183: 5177: 5133: 5127: 5107: 5101: 5077:Assyrian people 5069: 5063:Assyrian People 5057:Main articles: 5055: 5031:1991 referendum 5003: 4997: 4969: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4938: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4874: 4868: 4811:As of 1996 the 4767:Abraham Lincoln 4751: 4733:Abraham Lincoln 4717: 4697: 4615: 4587: 4574:In an issue of 4553: 4470:Communist Party 4383: 4309:from Pakistan. 4252: 4180:Eastern Germany 4152: 4146: 4130:self-government 4115:Resolution 1514 4004: 3999: 3979:Sakhalin Island 3971:Empire of Japan 3764:First Partition 3668:Habsburg empire 3640:Fourteen Points 3586: 3581: 3527:State Shintoism 3471:. The European 3457: 3448: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3385: 3383: 3373: 3361: 3350: 3310:Fourteen Points 3244:, some form of 3200: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3042:Polyculturalism 2938:Civil liberties 2910: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2881:Reappropriation 2781: 2780:Countermeasures 2773: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2698:Racial steering 2664:Numerus clausus 2568: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2281:Ethnic conflict 2216:Corrective rape 2171: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 1806: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1644: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1522:HIV/AIDS stigma 1394: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1331:Mental disorder 1273: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1234: 1197: 1157: 1150: 1149: 1098: 991:Cosmopolitanism 951: 943: 942: 937: 929: 928: 609: 599: 598: 569: 561: 560: 476: 445: 318:Civil liberties 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14570: 14560: 14559: 14557:Decolonization 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14488: 14478: 14467: 14464: 14463: 14461: 14460: 14455: 14454: 14453: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14432: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14382:Reverse racism 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14352:Prisoner abuse 14349: 14344: 14342:Power distance 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14260:Ethnic penalty 14257: 14256: 14255: 14253:Neurodiversity 14250: 14240: 14238:Dehumanization 14235: 14230: 14228:Cisnormativity 14225: 14220: 14215: 14209: 14207: 14206:Related topics 14203: 14202: 14200: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14128: 14127: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14086: 14084: 14080: 14079: 14077: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14064:State religion 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14045: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 14003: 14002: 14000:Nuremberg Laws 13997: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13942:Ghetto benches 13939: 13937:Gerrymandering 13934: 13929: 13924: 13922:Gender pay gap 13919: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13881: 13879: 13876:Discriminatory 13873: 13872: 13870: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13753: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13705:Lavender scare 13702: 13700:Kill Haole Day 13697: 13695:Indian rolling 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13671: 13670: 13660: 13655: 13654: 13653: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13581:Eliminationism 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13516:Cancel culture 13513: 13508: 13503: 13502: 13501: 13490: 13488: 13487:Manifestations 13484: 13483: 13481: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13383:Middle Eastern 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13349: 13348: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13322: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13217: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13133: 13131: 13124: 13123: 13121: 13120: 13118:Zoroastrianism 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13049: 13048: 13047: 13045:Untouchability 13042: 13032: 13027: 13026: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12979: 12977: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12956: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12871:Leprosy stigma 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12737: 12735: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12696: 12695: 12690: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12624: 12622: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12593: 12591: 12587: 12586: 12583:Discrimination 12579: 12578: 12571: 12564: 12556: 12547: 12546: 12544: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12517: 12515: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12490:Right to exist 12487: 12481: 12479: 12475: 12474: 12466: 12465: 12458: 12451: 12443: 12434: 12433: 12431: 12430: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12383: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12342:Indian removal 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12291: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12284: 12278: 12272: 12266: 12256: 12250: 12244: 12237: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12220: 12214: 12212: 12207:Indigenous-led 12204: 12203: 12201: 12200: 12195: 12194: 12193: 12185: 12183:Arctic Council 12180: 12179: 12178: 12172:African Union 12169: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12155: 12147: 12146: 12145: 12137: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12102: 12101: 12100: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12082: 12081: 12080: 12072: 12071: 12070: 12068:Te Puni Kōkiri 12061: 12059: 12050: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12030:Plastic shaman 12027: 12022: 12021: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11998:Indian reserve 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11970: 11965: 11963:Green grabbing 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11938: 11936:Sports mascots 11928: 11927: 11926: 11924:Bioprospecting 11916: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11899: 11893: 11891: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11803: 11801: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11787:in New Zealand 11784: 11774: 11773: 11772: 11767: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11709: 11707: 11703: 11702: 11693:International 11690: 11689: 11682: 11675: 11667: 11661: 11660: 11654: 11648: 11645:Vladimir Lenin 11639: 11633: 11623: 11617: 11611: 11605: 11600: 11588: 11587:External links 11585: 11583: 11582: 11567: 11558:Hurst Hannum, 11556: 11549: 11538: 11531: 11520: 11509: 11499: 11488: 11477: 11466: 11455: 11444: 11437: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11418: 11400: 11398:July 25, 2008. 11387:2008-08-04 at 11373: 11350: 11329: 11316: 11295: 11288: 11260: 11241: 11228: 11205: 11192: 11169: 11137: 11124:HeraldScotland 11111: 11100:. 24 June 2016 11085: 11074:. 24 June 2016 11059: 11034: 11008: 10995:HeraldScotland 10982: 10936: 10922: 10911: 10905:Hechter (M.), 10898: 10882: 10871: 10864: 10844: 10825: 10816: 10807: 10796:Ambamarblearch 10788: 10776: 10757: 10745: 10726: 10708: 10667: 10647: 10627: 10615: 10605: 10580: 10571: 10559: 10549: 10533: 10506:Nathalie Tocci 10497: 10478: 10457: 10436: 10412: 10388: 10364: 10327: 10307: 10276: 10245: 10234: 10199: 10192: 10172: 10165: 10145: 10130: 10112: 10097: 10079: 10054: 10028: 10021: 9985: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9949: 9916: 9890: 9883: 9863: 9837: 9818: 9787: 9756: 9749: 9729: 9719: 9702: 9682: 9665: 9645: 9624: 9604: 9597: 9577: 9551: 9546:United Nations 9533: 9512: 9487: 9473: 9453: 9432: 9407: 9383: 9354: 9333: 9322:on 23 May 2018 9307: 9285: 9253: 9236:(in Spanish). 9220: 9195: 9174: 9135: 9109: 9083: 9057: 9032: 9013: 8996: 8971: 8954: 8925: 8905: 8896:Texas v. White 8887: 8874: 8846: 8807: 8783: 8761: 8726: 8712: 8692: 8666: 8632: 8592: 8561: 8542:(5): 488–497. 8526: 8511: 8504: 8486: 8475: 8443: 8420: 8403: 8383: 8371: 8352: 8341: 8311: 8280: 8258: 8243: 8220: 8205: 8184: 8159: 8134: 8113: 8100: 8087: 8078: 8066: 8048: 8033: 8021:United nations 8005: 7995:. Marxists.org 7981: 7946: 7941:New York Times 7928: 7904: 7897: 7877: 7870: 7852: 7845: 7825: 7818: 7800: 7768: 7761: 7731: 7714: 7688: 7681: 7658: 7639: 7621: 7602: 7596:978-9004158351 7595: 7574: 7554: 7545: 7527: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7452:Right to exist 7449: 7444: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7355:Ethnopluralism 7352: 7347: 7342: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7328:Decolonization 7325: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7272:Main article: 7269: 7266: 7244:on August 2012 7228:Papua conflict 7223: 7220: 7208:Sahrawi people 7188:Main article: 7185: 7184:Western Sahara 7182: 7177:Texas v. White 7004:North American 6991: 6988: 6968:Main article: 6965: 6962: 6957:Main article: 6954: 6951: 6929:Following the 6923:Main article: 6920: 6917: 6880: 6877: 6856:Main article: 6853: 6850: 6798:Main article: 6795: 6792: 6715:Main article: 6712: 6709: 6699:would inspire 6666:Main article: 6663: 6660: 6656:al-Aqsa mosque 6626:for increased 6570: 6567: 6501:Greek Cypriots 6481:British Empire 6458:Ottoman Empire 6443:Greek Cypriots 6348:Atatürk Square 6337:Main article: 6334: 6331: 6258:British Malaya 6253: 6250: 6219:Main article: 6216: 6213: 6122:Kurdish people 6064: 6063: 6014: 6012: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5926:Main article: 5923: 5920: 5912:ancient Israel 5877:Jewish history 5864: 5861: 5822: 5819: 5761:Hong Kong flag 5725:Main article: 5722: 5719: 5714:Main article: 5711: 5708: 5673:Main article: 5670: 5667: 5607:Main article: 5604: 5601: 5581:Main article: 5578: 5575: 5514:Main article: 5511: 5508: 5472:Main article: 5469: 5468:East Turkistan 5466: 5458:Akhmed Zakayev 5434:Main article: 5431: 5428: 5348: 5345: 5313:Main article: 5310: 5307: 5278:[ˈeta] 5229:Basque country 5179:Main article: 5176: 5175:Basque Country 5173: 5129:Main article: 5126: 5123: 5103:Main article: 5100: 5097: 5054: 5051: 4999:Main article: 4996: 4993: 4971: 4970: 4926: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4867: 4864: 4805:Union of Burma 4784:Texas v. White 4750: 4747: 4716: 4713: 4696: 4693: 4660:Allen Buchanan 4614: 4611: 4586: 4583: 4552: 4551:Current issues 4549: 4531:("Xinjiang"), 4529:East Turkistan 4482:Mainland China 4425:Czech Republic 4414:Soviet economy 4382: 4379: 4367:United Nations 4283:British Empire 4276:decolonization 4251: 4248: 4228:anti-communist 4184:Eastern Europe 4164:Eastern Europe 4145: 4142: 4123:decolonization 4047: 4046: 4039: 4028: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3952:Outer Mongolia 3933:Outer Mongolia 3902:Inner Mongolia 3878:Inner Mongolia 3791:United Kingdom 3783:decolonization 3704:Ottoman Empire 3656:Czechoslovakia 3613:Woodrow Wilson 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3573:Vladimir Lenin 3533:in Japan; and 3456: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3364: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3306:Woodrow Wilson 3299:Vladimir Lenin 3296:Soviet Premier 3263:protesting in 3226:United Nations 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3087:Reverse racism 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3057:Prisoner abuse 3054: 3049: 3047:Power distance 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3013: 3012: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2965:Ethnic penalty 2962: 2961: 2960: 2958:Neurodiversity 2955: 2945: 2943:Dehumanization 2940: 2935: 2933:Cisnormativity 2930: 2925: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2909:Related topics 2908: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2755:State religion 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2691:Nuremberg Laws 2688: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2633:Ghetto benches 2630: 2628:Gerrymandering 2625: 2620: 2615: 2613:Gender pay gap 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2390:Lavender scare 2387: 2385:Kill Haole Day 2382: 2380:Indian rolling 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2345: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2266:Eliminationism 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2201:Cancel culture 2198: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2170:Manifestations 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2060:Middle Eastern 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1787:Zoroastrianism 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1714:Untouchability 1711: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1532:Leprosy stigma 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1216:Discrimination 1212: 1211: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1133:in Catholicism 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 981:Civil religion 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 952: 949: 948: 945: 944: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 927: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 900: 899: 894: 893: 892: 887: 882: 872: 867: 857: 852: 851: 850: 845: 840: 839: 838: 828: 827: 826: 821: 806: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 788: 787: 777: 772: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 706: 705: 703:Ethnopluralism 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 664: 663: 658: 653: 643: 642: 641: 631: 626: 621: 616: 610: 605: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 559: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 477: 471: 470: 467: 466: 460: 459: 447: 446: 444: 443: 436: 429: 421: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 343:Free migration 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 297: 296: 292: 291: 290: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 233: 232: 227: 217: 212: 207: 206: 205: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 117: 116: 112: 111: 110: 109: 104: 99: 91: 90: 84: 83: 82: 81: 76: 71: 66: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14569: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14502: 14487: 14479: 14477: 14469: 14468: 14465: 14459: 14456: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14436:Social stigma 14434: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14210: 14208: 14204: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14126: 14123: 14122: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14087: 14085: 14081: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14059:State atheism 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13995:Jim Crow laws 13993: 13992: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13980:One-drop rule 13978: 13976: 13974: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13895:Blood quantum 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13874: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13842:Victimisation 13840: 13838: 13837:Trans bashing 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13807:Religious war 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13787:Racialization 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13658:Glass ceiling 13656: 13652: 13649: 13648: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13601:Ethnic hatred 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13536:Counter-jihad 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13347: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13320: 13319:United States 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13306: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13183: 13182:United States 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13130: 13125: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13103:Protestantism 13101: 13099: 13096: 13092: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13084: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13059: 13058: 13055: 13054: 13053: 13050: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13018:LDS or Mormon 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 13000: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12976: 12972: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12948:Transmisogyny 12946: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12939: 12936: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12851:Gerontophobia 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12781:Anti-intersex 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12756:Anti-albinism 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12732: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12685: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12619: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12597:Institutional 12595: 12594: 12592: 12588: 12584: 12577: 12572: 12570: 12565: 12563: 12558: 12557: 12554: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12512: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12495:Treaty rights 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12464: 12459: 12457: 12452: 12450: 12445: 12444: 12441: 12429: 12428: 12423: 12422: 12413: 12412: 12409: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12381: 12380:United States 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12362: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12293: 12283: 12279: 12277: 12273: 12271: 12267: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12243: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12230: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12209:international 12205: 12199: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12177: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12162: 12154: 12151: 12150: 12148: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12138: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12109: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12054: 12051: 12047: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11993:Indian colony 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11920: 11917: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11904: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11796: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11779: 11778: 11777:Treaty rights 11775: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11758: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11688: 11683: 11681: 11676: 11674: 11669: 11668: 11665: 11658: 11655: 11652: 11649: 11646: 11643: 11640: 11637: 11634: 11631: 11627: 11626:Jacob T. Levy 11624: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11612: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11554: 11550: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11536: 11532: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11507: 11503: 11500: 11497: 11493: 11490:Marc Weller, 11489: 11486: 11482: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11442: 11438: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11427: 11414: 11410: 11404: 11397: 11395: 11390: 11389:archive.today 11386: 11383: 11377: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11359: 11354: 11346: 11345: 11340: 11333: 11326: 11320: 11305: 11299: 11291: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11272: 11264: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11245: 11231: 11225: 11218: 11217: 11209: 11195: 11189: 11182: 11181: 11173: 11159:on 2009-09-26 11158: 11154: 11150: 11149:"Section 235" 11144: 11142: 11125: 11121: 11115: 11099: 11098:The Economist 11095: 11089: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11048: 11044: 11038: 11023: 11019: 11012: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10978: 10966: 10951: 10947: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10926: 10920: 10915: 10908: 10902: 10896: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10875: 10867: 10861: 10857: 10856: 10848: 10842: 10838: 10835: 10832:Guy Leblanc. 10829: 10820: 10811: 10805:Media, page 6 10804: 10800: 10797: 10792: 10785: 10780: 10773: 10769: 10766: 10761: 10754: 10749: 10742: 10738: 10735: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10712: 10705: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10680: 10676: 10671: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10651: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10631: 10624: 10619: 10609: 10594: 10590: 10584: 10575: 10568: 10563: 10553: 10547: 10543: 10537: 10522:on 2011-03-02 10518: 10511: 10507: 10501: 10494: 10490: 10487: 10482: 10467: 10461: 10446: 10440: 10429: 10422: 10416: 10405: 10398: 10392: 10374: 10368: 10361: 10360:public domain 10340: 10334: 10332: 10324: 10320: 10316: 10311: 10293: 10286: 10280: 10262: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10238: 10220: 10216: 10209: 10203: 10195: 10189: 10185: 10184: 10176: 10168: 10162: 10158: 10157: 10149: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10127: 10123: 10116: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10098:81-250-1695-3 10094: 10090: 10083: 10069:on 2016-03-08 10068: 10064: 10058: 10042: 10038: 10032: 10024: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9997: 9989: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9971:Chaim Gans, 9968: 9959: 9955: 9950: 9947: 9944: 9938: 9933: 9932: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9904: 9900: 9894: 9886: 9884:9780521637527 9880: 9876: 9875: 9867: 9859: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9830: 9827: 9822: 9808:on 2013-01-17 9804: 9797: 9791: 9777:on 2012-11-15 9773: 9766: 9760: 9752: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9733: 9723: 9716: 9705: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9686: 9679: 9668: 9666:9780300029437 9662: 9658: 9657: 9649: 9642: 9639: 9627: 9621: 9617: 9616: 9608: 9600: 9594: 9590: 9589: 9581: 9566:on 2011-05-31 9565: 9561: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9522: 9516: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9476: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9457: 9442: 9436: 9422:. 4 June 2015 9421: 9417: 9411: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9373:on 2015-10-16 9372: 9368: 9364: 9358: 9344: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9311: 9295: 9289: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9257: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9224: 9209: 9205: 9199: 9185:. 2 June 2011 9184: 9178: 9170: 9164: 9150: 9146: 9139: 9123: 9119: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9072:. May 1, 2012 9071: 9067: 9061: 9047:on 2016-03-03 9046: 9042: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9017: 9011: 9007: 9004: 9000: 8985: 8983: 8975: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8944:on 2017-01-02 8943: 8939: 8935: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8902: 8898: 8897: 8891: 8884: 8878: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8811: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8747:on 2012-04-30 8743: 8736: 8730: 8715: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8696: 8682:on 2016-04-28 8681: 8677: 8670: 8656:on 2012-04-02 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8622:on 2012-02-06 8618: 8614: 8610: 8603: 8596: 8578: 8571: 8565: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8536:Ethnopolitics 8530: 8522: 8515: 8507: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8479: 8465: 8461: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8430: 8424: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8387: 8380: 8375: 8368: 8364: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8285: 8278: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8256: 8252: 8247: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8209: 8194: 8188: 8173: 8169: 8163: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8123: 8117: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8091: 8082: 8075: 8070: 8063: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8044: 8037: 8022: 8015: 8009: 7994: 7988: 7986: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7970:0-19-827959-0 7967: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7950: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7881: 7873: 7867: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7829: 7821: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7684: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7663: 7655: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7618: 7613: 7606: 7598: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7558: 7549: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7503: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7280: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7146: 7141: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7107: 7102: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7020:United States 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 6996: 6990:United States 6987: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6971: 6960: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6846:Boris Johnson 6843: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6813:Acts of Union 6810: 6806: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6682:Confederation 6679: 6675: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6598:Stop genocide 6594: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6575: 6566: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6550: 6546: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6303:Manila Accord 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6153:Ağrı Province 6150: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6060: 6057: 6049: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6015:This section 6013: 6009: 6004: 6003: 5995: 5992: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5950:British India 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5900:Theodor Herzl 5897: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5747:), since the 5746: 5742: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5681: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5593:nation states 5590: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5427: 5424: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5401: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5275:; pronounced 5270: 5269: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5201:Euskal Herria 5198: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4967: 4964: 4956: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4916: 4915: 4910:Notable cases 4907: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4879:Yugoslav Wars 4873: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4779:Supreme Court 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763:majority rule 4759: 4756: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4721:majority rule 4712: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4689: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4591:Ivor Jennings 4582: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4561: 4557: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4521:South Ossetia 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4468:In 1949, the 4466: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4406:Ronald Reagan 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4359:B. J. Habibie 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200:Prague Spring 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4010:declared the 4009: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923:In 1912, the 3921: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3910:Kwantung Army 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768:Germanisation 3765: 3760: 3759:Roman Dmowski 3756: 3752: 3748: 3747:Vistula River 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3700:nation-states 3697: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3648:Soviet Russia 3645: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3602: 3595: 3590: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3446: 3443: 3435: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: – 3392: 3388: 3387:Find sources: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3345: 3343: 3342:Ivor Jennings 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3215:full suffrage 3212: 3208: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3141:Social stigma 3139: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2750:State atheism 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2686:Jim Crow laws 2684: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2671:One-drop rule 2669: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2586:Blood quantum 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2564: 2563: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2527:Victimisation 2525: 2523: 2522:Trans bashing 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2492:Religious war 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2472:Racialization 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2343:Glass ceiling 2341: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2286:Ethnic hatred 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2221:Counter-jihad 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996:United States 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859:United States 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1772:Protestantism 1770: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1687:LDS or Mormon 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609:Transmisogyny 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512:Gerontophobia 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Anti-intersex 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1417:Anti-albinism 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1390: 1389: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242:Institutional 1240: 1239: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 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161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 119: 118: 114: 113: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 93: 92: 89: 86: 85: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 65: 62: 61: 60: 59: 55: 54: 50: 46: 45: 42: 39: 38: 33: 19: 14270:Gender-blind 14186: 14157:Human rights 13985:Racial quota 13972: 13952:Jewish quota 13932:Gerontocracy 13927:Gender roles 13905:Disabilities 13890:Blood purity 13862:Wife selling 13852:White flight 13832:Slut-shaming 13812:Scapegoating 13730:Murder music 13403:Palestinians 13346:Anti-Zionism 13214:South Africa 13199:Black people 13177:South Africa 12998:Christianity 12988:Baháʼí Faith 12916:Sectarianism 12856:Heterosexism 12821:Ephebiphobia 12791:Anti-Masonry 12658:Hair texture 12499: 12471:group rights 12426: 12420: 12375:South Africa 12232:Treaties and 12104:Philippines 12056:Governmental 11878: 11807:Amazon Watch 11782:in Australia 11743:in Australia 11737: 11659:</ref> 11597: 11570: 11559: 11552: 11541: 11534: 11523: 11522:David Raic, 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Retrieved 7515: 7506: 7420:Nation-state 7292:South Africa 7290:province of 7288:Western Cape 7285: 7268:Western Cape 7247: 7205: 7175: 7165: 7161: 7150: 7142: 7138:independence 7130:commonwealth 7111: 7080: 7041: 7036:Constitution 7012:reservations 7001: 6973: 6928: 6919:Székely Land 6882: 6861: 6852:South Africa 6803: 6769: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6720: 6671: 6621: 6548: 6542: 6474: 6455: 6449:who married 6436: 6361: 6311:North Borneo 6299:North Borneo 6266:North Borneo 6261: 6255: 6224: 6193: 6138: 6116: 6052: 6043: 6028:Please help 6016: 5988: 5976: 5972:2016 unrests 5954: 5931: 5894: 5843: 5789:Since then, 5788: 5773: 5734: 5730: 5701: 5686: 5650: 5644: 5612: 5586: 5531: 5528:, April 2015 5488:Qing Dynasty 5477: 5439: 5420: 5404: 5368: 5330: 5295:paramilitary 5266: 5265: 5260: 5194: 5146: 5108: 5070: 5020: 4974: 4959: 4950: 4928: 4888: 4875: 4853: 4845: 4810: 4797: 4782: 4760: 4752: 4743: 4738: 4735:argued that: 4730: 4718: 4701:decentralize 4698: 4687: 4684: 4664: 4658: 4632: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4588: 4575: 4573: 4565: 4524: 4513:North Cyprus 4508: 4502: 4467: 4460: 4441: 4418: 4395: 4375:independence 4323:Dutch Empire 4317: 4311: 4280: 4253: 4220: 4172:Central Asia 4156:Soviet Union 4153: 4127: 4099: 4083:independence 4068: 4005: 3990: 3964: 3922: 3900:and eastern 3894:puppet state 3863: 3859:Adolf Hitler 3803:Newfoundland 3780: 3730: 3712: 3692: 3688:World War II 3637: 3611: 3563: 3535:Han identity 3508: 3481: 3458: 3438: 3429: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3386: 3374:Please help 3369:verification 3366: 3335: 3315:World War II 3285: 3250:assimilation 3234:independence 3219: 3209:refers to a 3206: 3205: 2975:Gender-blind 2856:Human rights 2676:Racial quota 2663: 2643:Jewish quota 2623:Gerontocracy 2618:Gender roles 2596:Disabilities 2581:Blood purity 2547:Wife selling 2537:White flight 2517:Slut-shaming 2497:Scapegoating 2415:Murder music 2080:Palestinians 2023:Anti-Zionism 1891:South Africa 1876:Black people 1854:South Africa 1667:Christianity 1657:Baháʼí Faith 1577:Sectarianism 1517:Heterosexism 1482:Ephebiphobia 1452:Anti-Masonry 1311:Hair texture 1128:Subsidiarity 956:Anationalism 715:Expansionist 588: 579:Independence 397: 393:Self defense 383:Reproductive 88:Human rights 14547:Sovereignty 14172:Nonviolence 14167:LGBT rights 14132:Empowerment 14100:Anti-racism 14022:Segregation 13967:No kid zone 13767:Persecution 13680:Hate speech 13631:Gay bashing 13606:Ethnic joke 13561:Dog whistle 13506:Blood libel 13194:Azerbaijani 13098:Neopaganism 13091:Persecution 13057:Persecution 13040:Persecution 13003:Catholicism 12938:Transphobia 12921:Supremacism 12876:Lesbophobia 12796:Aporophobia 12761:Anti-autism 12612:Taste-based 12607:Statistical 12387:Rubber boom 12370:New Zealand 11902:Colonialism 11728:Land rights 11476:, US, 2007. 11461:, Boulder: 11450:, Boulder: 11130:10 February 11104:10 February 11078:10 February 11052:10 February 11027:10 February 11001:10 February 10955:10 February 9835:, section 5 9096:ElPeriodico 7438: [ 7380:Irredentism 7250:West Papuan 7118:Puerto Rico 7026:recognizes 7018:within the 6879:South Tyrol 6811:, when the 6780:regionalism 6674:Francophone 6493:World War I 6372:Middle East 6323:referendums 6287:referendums 6046:August 2020 5857:sovereignty 5413:Protest in 5217:Pays Basque 5141:proto-state 5047:Post-Soviet 5011:Stepanakert 4983:. Also see 4679:Hongkongers 4673:During the 4639:sovereignty 4579:Law Journal 4537:Balochistan 4216:Third World 4212:Third World 4192:North Korea 4106:Article 73e 4077:subtitled " 3927:officially 3918:Han Chinese 3843:Afghanistan 3799:New Zealand 3723:Sudetenland 3513:in Russia; 3511:Pan-Slavism 3506:continent. 3488:sovereignty 3469:nationalism 3292:World War I 3288:nationalism 3259:A group of 2871:Nonviolence 2866:LGBT rights 2831:Empowerment 2799:Anti-racism 2713:Segregation 2658:No kid zone 2452:Persecution 2365:Hate speech 2316:Gay bashing 2291:Ethnic joke 2246:Dog whistle 2191:Blood libel 1871:Azerbaijani 1767:Neopaganism 1760:Persecution 1726:Persecution 1709:Persecution 1672:Catholicism 1599:Transphobia 1582:Supremacism 1537:Lesbophobia 1457:Aporophobia 1422:Anti-autism 1257:Taste-based 1252:Statistical 1099: [ 1051:Irredentism 1041:Imperialism 914:Territorial 880:Legionarism 568:Core values 464:Nationalism 368:Development 308:Association 203:Transgender 14501:Categories 14446:Stereotype 14441:Speciesism 14322:Oppression 14317:Oikophobia 14213:Allophilia 14197:Toleration 14054:Sodomy law 13947:Internment 13867:Witch-hunt 13745:Blackhawks 13675:Hate group 13663:Hate crime 13636:Gendercide 13626:Freak show 13616:Excellence 13576:Employment 13546:Defamation 13478:Vietnamese 13473:Venezuelan 13363:Lithuanian 13030:Falun Gong 12965:Xenophobia 12960:Vegaphobia 12943:Non-binary 12901:Pedophobia 12866:Homophobia 12688:Skin color 12648:Disability 12621:Attributes 12602:Structural 12357:Oka Crisis 12040:Two-spirit 11765:ecological 11695:Indigenous 11310:2012-03-04 11235:2021-07-25 11199:2021-07-25 11163:2009-05-17 10786:03.02.2017 10599:2012-03-04 10526:2017-03-05 10472:2012-03-04 10451:2012-03-04 10382:2012-05-29 10348:2012-05-29 10301:2012-03-04 10270:2012-03-04 10228:2010-07-29 10073:2016-03-08 9812:2013-07-11 9781:2013-07-11 9570:2008-10-07 9527:2012-03-04 9506:2015-01-30 9500:Mercopress 9447:2012-03-04 9426:2015-10-09 9401:2015-10-09 9377:2015-10-09 9348:2015-10-09 9279:2021-04-05 9247:2021-04-05 9214:2021-04-05 9189:2021-04-05 9154:2021-04-05 9102:20 October 9070:BBC Africa 9051:2012-03-04 8990:2012-03-04 8948:2017-01-02 8801:2022-10-02 8751:2012-03-07 8686:2012-03-04 8660:2012-03-04 8626:2012-03-04 8586:2012-03-04 8469:2021-03-30 8437:2012-03-04 8199:2014-04-10 8178:2012-03-04 8153:2012-03-04 8128:2015-05-08 8109:Paris 1919 8096:Paris 1919 8062:Paris 1919 8027:2012-03-04 8023:. May 2010 7999:2012-03-04 7888:Alien Rule 7570:Wikisource 7521:2022-09-19 7499:References 7472:Separatism 7385:Legitimacy 7260:under the 7222:West Papua 7145:referendum 7126:plebiscite 7076:Black Belt 7072:New Afrika 6895:after the 6758:protection 6752:, further 6750:devolution 6579:republican 6563:High Court 6556:qualified 6078:Syrian War 5834:Davao City 5663:Port Louis 5387:parliament 5369:After the 5287:separatist 5209:País Vasco 5169:Ansar Dine 4930:neutrality 4870:See also: 4486:Kuomintang 4463:East Timor 4347:East Timor 4305:. In 1971 4272:Korean War 4148:See also: 4121:to ensure 3813:after the 3809:, and the 3751:Baltic Sea 3617:Bolsheviks 3515:Ottomanism 3492:John Locke 3432:March 2010 3402:newspapers 3331:UN Charter 3280:East Timor 3242:protection 3238:federation 3151:Stereotype 3146:Speciesism 3027:Oppression 3022:Oikophobia 2918:Allophilia 2894:Toleration 2745:Sodomy law 2638:Internment 2552:Witch-hunt 2430:Blackhawks 2360:Hate group 2348:Hate crime 2321:Gendercide 2311:Freak show 2301:Excellence 2261:Employment 2231:Defamation 2155:Vietnamese 2150:Venezuelan 2040:Lithuanian 1699:Falun Gong 1626:Xenophobia 1621:Vegaphobia 1604:Non-binary 1562:Pedophobia 1527:Homophobia 1341:Skin color 1301:Disability 1272:Attributes 1247:Structural 1145:Xenophobia 1113:Revanchism 1066:Militarism 725:Indigenism 720:Homosexual 688:Ecological 594:Solidarity 584:Patriotism 574:Allegiance 358:Linguistic 333:Fair trial 215:Minorities 183:Indigenous 14522:Secession 14419:Christian 14347:Prejudice 14295:Masculism 14243:Diversity 14037:religious 14012:Redlining 13611:Ethnocide 13571:Education 13463:Ukrainian 13398:Pakistani 13388:Mongolian 13309:Australia 13291:Hungarian 13246:Colombian 13226:Bulgarian 13108:Rastafari 13062:Ahmadiyya 12975:Religious 12953:Trans men 12911:Pregnancy 12846:Gayphobia 12841:Fatphobia 12746:Acephobia 12741:Arophobia 12725:Viewpoint 12008:Rancherie 12003:Ranchería 11978:Bantustan 11919:Biopiracy 11748:in Canada 11579:1460-1346 10784:Telegraph 9860:(1): 322. 9274:1134-6582 9242:1134-6582 8841:144826573 8776:March 10, 8556:142202032 7701:gwpda.org 7264:in 1962. 7242:Melbourne 7134:statehood 6978:from the 6943:Hungarian 6915:of 1946. 6873:Afrikaner 6858:Volkstaat 6734:Sardinian 6636:Palestine 6587:Palestine 6581:mural in 6569:Palestine 6527:in 1974. 6487:based on 6466:Famagusta 6396:Classical 6380:Egyptians 6376:Assyrians 6201:in Turkey 6118:Kurdistan 6017:does not 5998:Kurdistan 5918:in 1948. 5908:Palestine 5721:Hong Kong 5710:Greenland 5669:Gibraltar 5635:Argentina 5415:Barcelona 5379:Artur Mas 5353:Catalonia 5347:Catalonia 5291:terrorist 5099:Australia 4953:July 2021 4941:talk page 4545:Palestine 4533:Kurdistan 4465:in 2002. 4452:Communism 4371:Indonesia 4363:Australia 4319:Indonesia 4244:Indonesia 4223:contained 3967:East Asia 3947:. By the 3929:succeeded 3898:Manchuria 3890:Manchukuo 3884:after it 3882:Manchuria 3785:. 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