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150:, leading to a refugee crisis. Numerous governments were toppled, and national borders were redrawn, often along generally ethnic lines. Civil war broke out in some countries. Many people left their homes because of war or persecution or fear thereof. The upheaval resulted in many people being without passports, or even nations to issue them, which prevented much international travel, often trapping refugees.
2621:
230:
302:
called for the international community to establish a "Free Russia passport". In his words, this passport should be issued to
Russian emigrants provided they sign a declaration "which sets out the key principles for a Ukrainian victory and a Russia without Putin". In the essay, he compared his idea
195:
within the League of
Nations. At that point the passport no longer included a reference to the 1922 conference, but were issued in the name of the League. The office was closed in 1938; passports were thereafter issued by a new agency, the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the
2016:
287:
While Nansen passports are no longer issued, existing national and supranational authorities, including the United
Nations, issue travel documents for stateless people and refugees, including
541:
682:
766:
161:. The first Nansen passports were issued following an international agreement reached at the Intergovernmental Conference on Identity Certificates for Russian Refugees, convened by
188:
refugees. Approximately 450,000 Nansen passports were provided to stateless people and refugees who needed travel documents, but could not obtain one from a national authority.
787:
608:"Arrangement of 12 May 1926 relating to the Issue of Identity Certificates to Russian and Armenian Refugees League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. LXXXIX, No. 2004"
732:
445:
229:
1179:
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659:"Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League – Yearbook Profile – Union of International Associations"
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130:. They quickly became known as "Nansen passports" for their promoter, the Norwegian statesman and polar explorer
2127:
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New York
University Department of Media, Culture, and Communication's Media Archaeology's Dead Media Archive
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The precipitating event for the Nansen passport was the 1921 announcement by the new government of the
694:
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in Geneva from July 3, 1922, to July 5, 1922, in his role as High
Commissioner for Refugees for the
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556:"Refworld – Arrangement with respect to the issue of certificates of identity to Russian Refugees"
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888:. New martyrs and confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the 20th century (in Russian),
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The front cover of a Nansen passport (green stripe), written in French, the diplomatic language
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revoking the citizenship of
Russians living abroad, including some 800,000 refugees from the
1118:
805:"(Obituary) Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) Mathematician who rebuilt algebraic geometry"
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to the legacy of the Nansen passport, although he stressed the comparison is imperfect.
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1956:
860:"Vladimir Jabotinsky Dies of Heart Attack at Age 59; Was Visiting Youth Camp"
800:
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593:
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143:
658:
341: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
173:
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316:
41:
959:
127:
92:
914:
191:
Following Nansen's death in 1930, the passport was handled by the
263:
216:
708:"The Nansen International Office for Refugees – Nobel Lecture"
172:
In 1924, the Nansen arrangement was broadened to also include
169:. By 1942, they were honoured by governments in 52 countries.
642:
471:
298:
In a 2024 essay, the chess grandmaster and
Russian dissident
928:
530:"The Little-Known Passport That Protected 450,000 Refugees"
259:
899:"Victor Starffin – Society for American Baseball Research"
790:
Arkivverket.no (in
Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012
697:, Nobelprize.org, 1922. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
284:for its efforts to establish the Nansen passports.
123:'s Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees to
446:Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
580:"Documents from the League of Nations Archives".
2652:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
733:"A 'Free Russia' passport could undermine Putin"
554:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
2239:
196:Protection of the League of Nations in London.
772:
944:
751:
769:Arkivverket.no, retrieved December 11, 2012
2632:
951:
937:
40:
820:
532:Atlas Obscura, Retrieved October 10, 2017
357:Learn how and when to remove this message
278:Nansen International Office for Refugees
238:Nansen International Office for Refugees
193:Nansen International Office for Refugees
915:Fridtjof Nansen Memorial Lecture Series
799:
685:Arkivverket. Retrieved December 2, 2014
119:from 1922 to 1938, first issued by the
14:
2653:
381:Princess Vera Constantinovna of Russia
27:Travel documents for stateless persons
2535:Laissez-passer and emergency passport
2469:
2358:
2357:
2238:
2104:
970:
932:
2620:
971:
624:from the original on October 9, 2022
553:
339:adding citations to reliable sources
310:
24:
2470:
2105:
306:
115:, were internationally recognized
25:
2702:
2212:Aboriginal Provisional Government
2144:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1202:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
908:
2631:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2175:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1816:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
315:
245:
228:
206:
199:
1619:Micronesia, Federated States of
891:
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852:
793:
725:
700:
326:needs additional citations for
252:Memorial plaque (partial view);
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676:
651:
636:
600:
573:
547:
535:
523:
235:Nansen passport renewal stamp;
13:
1:
958:
648:, retrieved December 11, 2012
544:, retrieved December 11, 2012
517:
291:(or "alien's passports") and
2017:British Overseas Territories
111:, originally and officially
7:
2240:International organizations
1685:Netherlands, Kingdom of the
1175:China, People's Republic of
505:
113:stateless persons passports
10:
2707:
500:King Alfonso XIII of Spain
475:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
137:
2603:
2569:
2561:Machine-readable passport
2548:
2480:
2476:
2465:
2441:
2419:
2368:
2364:
2353:
2324:
2296:
2270:
2249:
2245:
2234:
2217:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
2204:
2152:
2136:
2128:Vatican City and Holy See
2115:
2111:
2100:
1939:
1798:
1662:
1516:
1350:
1270:Dominica, Commonwealth of
1240:
1132:
981:
977:
966:
918:United Nations University
271:
98:
85:
77:
69:
59:
51:
39:
34:
2137:Other sovereign entities
1160:Central African Republic
582:Refugee Survey Quarterly
293:refugee travel documents
289:certificates of identity
117:refugee travel documents
1207:Congo, Republic of the
1094:Bosnia and Herzegovina
406:Alexander Grothendieck
213:Nansen passport cover;
2376:British Indian Empire
1831:São Tomé and Príncipe
1806:Saint Kitts and Nevis
646:Store Norske Leksikon
467:Dimitri Riabouchinsky
280:was awarded the 1938
2442:Sovereignty disputed
2420:Former organizations
2153:Sovereignty disputed
2007:United Arab Emirates
335:improve this article
2577:Camouflage passport
2520:Diplomatic passport
2396:Mandatory Palestine
2192:(Republic of China)
1972:Trinidad and Tobago
1014:Antigua and Barbuda
923:The Nansen Passport
594:10.1093/rsq/22.1.71
542:Nansen the humanist
180:, Assyro-Chaldean,
148:significant turmoil
2691:1922 introductions
2676:Identity documents
2556:Biometric passport
2116:UN observer states
1275:Dominican Republic
712:www.nobelprize.org
588:(1): 71–73. 2003.
462:Sergey Rakhmaninov
376:Sergiu Celibidache
2671:League of Nations
2661:Defunct passports
2648:
2647:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2530:Internal passport
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2427:League of Nations
2359:Defunct passports
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2288:Central America-4
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
1300:Equatorial Guinea
767:The Nansen Office
683:The Nansen Office
457:Jadwiga Piłsudska
436:Krikor Pambuccian
431:Aristotle Onassis
401:Zuzanna Ginczanka
391:Françoise Frenkel
367:
366:
359:
282:Nobel Peace Prize
176:, and in 1928 to
167:League of Nations
159:Russian Civil War
121:League of Nations
106:
105:
70:First issued
64:League of Nations
16:(Redirected from
2698:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2540:Service passport
2504:Animal passport
2488:Alien's passport
2478:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2369:Dissolved states
2366:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2278:Andean Community
2247:
2246:
2236:
2235:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2101:
1745:Papua New Guinea
1599:Marshall Islands
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978:
972:UN member states
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967:
953:
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939:
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902:
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426:Vladimir Nabokov
421:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
396:Alexander Galich
362:
355:
351:
348:
342:
319:
311:
249:
232:
210:
109:Nansen passports
44:
32:
31:
21:
18:Nansen passports
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2666:Fridtjof Nansen
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2591:
2565:
2544:
2498:1954 Convention
2493:1951 Convention
2472:
2453:
2437:
2415:
2360:
2341:
2320:
2292:
2266:
2241:
2222:
2200:
2170:Northern Cyprus
2148:
2132:
2107:
2088:
1935:
1876:Solomon Islands
1794:
1715:North Macedonia
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1512:
1346:
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1128:
973:
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822:10.1038/517272a
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742:
740:
739:. June 14, 2024
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695:Fridtjof Nansen
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490:Igor Stravinsky
485:Victor Starffin
411:G. I. Gurdjieff
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309:
307:Notable bearers
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215:Police office,
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163:Fridtjof Nansen
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132:Fridtjof Nansen
47:
35:Nansen passport
28:
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2587:World Passport
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2314:laissez-passer
2309:European Union
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1232:Czech Republic
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909:External links
907:
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801:Mumford, David
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788:Nansenkontoret
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512:World Passport
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495:Dries Riphagen
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452:Grigol Peradze
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314:
308:
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300:Garry Kasparov
273:
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254:outside wall,
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221:Czechoslovakia
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81:Identification
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26:
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2686:Statelessness
2684:
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2679:
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2525:Hajj passport
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2207:
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2185:South Ossetia
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2044:United States
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2023:
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2018:
2015:
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1403:Guinea-Bissau
1401:
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868:
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815:(7534): 272.
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480:Otto Skorzeny
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416:Anatol Heintz
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347:February 2024
340:
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329:
324:This section
322:
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279:
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200:Image gallery
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2549:Data formats
2426:
2406:Soviet Union
2386:East Germany
2196:Transnistria
1987:Turkmenistan
1886:South Africa
1856:Sierra Leone
1836:Saudi Arabia
1119:Burkina Faso
893:
882:
870:. Retrieved
867:pdfs.jta.org
866:
854:
842:. Retrieved
812:
808:
795:
741:. Retrieved
736:
727:
715:. Retrieved
711:
702:
690:
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666:. Retrieved
662:
653:
638:
626:. Retrieved
615:refworld.org
614:
602:
585:
581:
575:
563:. Retrieved
560:refworld.org
559:
549:
537:
525:
441:Anna Pavlova
386:Marc Chagall
353:
344:
333:Please help
328:verification
325:
297:
286:
275:
190:
171:
155:Soviet Union
152:
141:
112:
108:
107:
29:
2032:Isle of Man
1926:Switzerland
1896:South Sudan
1891:South Korea
1811:Saint Lucia
1760:Philippines
1710:North Korea
1690:New Zealand
1468:Ivory Coast
1295:El Salvador
989:Afghanistan
872:January 10,
844:October 14,
663:www.uia.org
643:Nansen-pass
371:Robert Capa
144:World War I
142:The end of
86:Eligibility
2655:Categories
2570:Imitations
2411:Yugoslavia
2219:(Iroquois)
2180:Somaliland
2054:Uzbekistan
1947:Tajikistan
1851:Seychelles
1826:San Marino
1649:Mozambique
1639:Montenegro
1604:Mauritania
1569:Madagascar
1564:Luxembourg
1508:Kyrgyzstan
1488:Kazakhstan
1280:East Timor
1212:Costa Rica
1155:Cape Verde
1054:Bangladesh
1039:Azerbaijan
518:References
99:Expiration
2123:Palestine
2064:Venezuela
1906:Sri Lanka
1861:Singapore
1695:Nicaragua
1609:Mauritius
1559:Lithuania
1438:Indonesia
1393:Guatemala
1258:Greenland
1180:Hong Kong
1029:Australia
1019:Argentina
960:Passports
839:205083834
256:City Hall
182:Bulgarian
125:stateless
90:Stateless
60:Issued by
2681:Refugees
2614:Category
2429:(Nansen)
2401:Rhodesia
2332:Interpol
2271:Americas
2160:Abkhazia
2084:Zimbabwe
2027:Guernsey
1957:Thailand
1952:Tanzania
1916:Suriname
1871:Slovenia
1866:Slovakia
1770:Portugal
1750:Paraguay
1730:Pakistan
1634:Mongolia
1584:Maldives
1579:Malaysia
1498:Kiribati
1418:Honduras
1320:Ethiopia
1315:Eswatini
1265:Djibouti
1192:Colombia
1145:Cameroon
1140:Cambodia
1114:Bulgaria
1099:Botswana
1059:Barbados
831:25592527
803:(2015).
743:June 19,
737:POLITICO
717:April 9,
668:April 9,
628:April 9,
619:Archived
565:April 9,
506:See also
178:Assyrian
174:Armenian
128:refugees
93:refugees
55:Passport
2626:Commons
2449:Artsakh
2283:CARICOM
2069:Vietnam
2059:Vanuatu
2049:Uruguay
2002:Ukraine
1977:Tunisia
1881:Somalia
1841:Senegal
1780:Romania
1705:Nigeria
1670:Namibia
1654:Myanmar
1644:Morocco
1624:Moldova
1544:Liberia
1539:Lesotho
1534:Lebanon
1473:Jamaica
1453:Ireland
1428:Iceland
1423:Hungary
1388:Grenada
1373:Germany
1368:Georgia
1330:Finland
1310:Estonia
1305:Eritrea
1285:Ecuador
1248:Denmark
1217:Croatia
1197:Comoros
1124:Burundi
1089:Bolivia
1069:Belgium
1064:Belarus
1049:Bahrain
1044:Bahamas
1034:Austria
1024:Armenia
1004:Andorra
999:Algeria
994:Albania
186:Turkish
138:History
78:Purpose
2636:
2325:Global
2297:Europe
2262:ECOWAS
2250:Africa
2190:Taiwan
2165:Kosovo
2079:Zambia
2037:Jersey
1997:Uganda
1992:Tuvalu
1982:Turkey
1921:Sweden
1846:Serbia
1790:Rwanda
1785:Russia
1765:Poland
1740:Panama
1720:Norway
1629:Monaco
1614:Mexico
1574:Malawi
1529:Latvia
1503:Kuwait
1483:Jordan
1458:Israel
1408:Guyana
1398:Guinea
1383:Greece
1363:Gambia
1342:France
1227:Cyprus
1150:Canada
1109:Brunei
1104:Brazil
1084:Bhutan
1074:Belize
1009:Angola
837:
829:
809:Nature
272:Legacy
266:, 2007
264:Norway
240:, 1930
223:, 1930
217:Prague
2508:Horse
2433:UNMIK
2074:Yemen
2022:BN(O)
1967:Tonga
1931:Syria
1911:Sudan
1901:Spain
1821:Samoa
1775:Qatar
1735:Palau
1700:Niger
1680:Nepal
1675:Nauru
1594:Malta
1549:Libya
1493:Kenya
1478:Japan
1463:Italy
1433:India
1413:Haiti
1378:Ghana
1358:Gabon
1290:Egypt
1185:Macau
1170:Chile
1079:Benin
863:(PDF)
835:S2CID
622:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
472:Rabbi
2639:List
2304:EFTA
1962:Togo
1755:Peru
1725:Oman
1589:Mali
1524:Laos
1448:Iraq
1443:Iran
1325:Fiji
1222:Cuba
1165:Chad
874:2019
846:2015
827:PMID
745:2024
719:2018
670:2018
630:2018
567:2018
450:St.
276:The
260:Oslo
184:and
146:saw
102:1938
73:1922
52:Type
2513:Pet
1940:T–Z
1663:N–R
1517:L–M
1351:G–K
1241:D–F
982:A–B
817:doi
813:517
590:doi
337:by
2657::
865:.
833:.
825:.
811:.
807:.
774:^
753:^
735:.
710:.
661:.
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613:.
586:22
584:.
558:.
295:.
262:,
258:,
219:,
134:.
1799:S
1133:C
952:e
945:t
938:v
901:.
876:.
848:.
819::
747:.
721:.
672:.
632:.
596:.
592::
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360:)
354:(
349:)
345:(
331:.
20:)
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