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139:, leading to a refugee crisis. Numerous governments were toppled, and national borders were redrawn, often along generally ethnic lines. Civil war broke out in some countries. Many people left their homes because of war or persecution or fear thereof. The upheaval resulted in many people being without passports, or even nations to issue them, which prevented much international travel, often trapping refugees.
2610:
219:
291:
called for the international community to establish a "Free Russia passport". In his words, this passport should be issued to
Russian emigrants provided they sign a declaration "which sets out the key principles for a Ukrainian victory and a Russia without Putin". In the essay, he compared his idea
184:
within the League of
Nations. At that point the passport no longer included a reference to the 1922 conference, but were issued in the name of the League. The office was closed in 1938; passports were thereafter issued by a new agency, the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the
2005:
276:
While Nansen passports are no longer issued, existing national and supranational authorities, including the United
Nations, issue travel documents for stateless people and refugees, including
530:
671:
755:
150:. The first Nansen passports were issued following an international agreement reached at the Intergovernmental Conference on Identity Certificates for Russian Refugees, convened by
177:
refugees. Approximately 450,000 Nansen passports were provided to stateless people and refugees who needed travel documents, but could not obtain one from a national authority.
776:
597:"Arrangement of 12 May 1926 relating to the Issue of Identity Certificates to Russian and Armenian Refugees League of Nations, Treaty Series Vol. LXXXIX, No. 2004"
721:
434:
218:
1168:
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648:"Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League – Yearbook Profile – Union of International Associations"
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119:. They quickly became known as "Nansen passports" for their promoter, the Norwegian statesman and polar explorer
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New York
University Department of Media, Culture, and Communication's Media Archaeology's Dead Media Archive
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The precipitating event for the Nansen passport was the 1921 announcement by the new government of the
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in Geneva from July 3, 1922, to July 5, 1922, in his role as High
Commissioner for Refugees for the
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545:"Refworld – Arrangement with respect to the issue of certificates of identity to Russian Refugees"
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877:. New martyrs and confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the 20th century (in Russian),
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35:
The front cover of a Nansen passport (green stripe), written in French, the diplomatic language
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revoking the citizenship of
Russians living abroad, including some 800,000 refugees from the
1107:
794:"(Obituary) Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) Mathematician who rebuilt algebraic geometry"
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2020:
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to the legacy of the Nansen passport, although he stressed the comparison is imperfect.
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849:"Vladimir Jabotinsky Dies of Heart Attack at Age 59; Was Visiting Youth Camp"
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647:
330: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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30:
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180:
Following Nansen's death in 1930, the passport was handled by the
252:
205:
697:"The Nansen International Office for Refugees – Nobel Lecture"
161:
In 1924, the Nansen arrangement was broadened to also include
158:. By 1942, they were honoured by governments in 52 countries.
631:
460:
287:
In a 2024 essay, the chess grandmaster and
Russian dissident
917:
519:"The Little-Known Passport That Protected 450,000 Refugees"
248:
888:"Victor Starffin – Society for American Baseball Research"
779:
Arkivverket.no (in
Norwegian), retrieved December 11, 2012
686:, Nobelprize.org, 1922. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
273:for its efforts to establish the Nansen passports.
112:'s Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees to
435:Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
569:"Documents from the League of Nations Archives".
2641:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
722:"A 'Free Russia' passport could undermine Putin"
543:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
2228:
185:Protection of the League of Nations in London.
761:
933:
740:
758:Arkivverket.no, retrieved December 11, 2012
2621:
940:
926:
29:
809:
521:Atlas Obscura, Retrieved October 10, 2017
346:Learn how and when to remove this message
267:Nansen International Office for Refugees
227:Nansen International Office for Refugees
182:Nansen International Office for Refugees
904:Fridtjof Nansen Memorial Lecture Series
788:
674:Arkivverket. Retrieved December 2, 2014
108:from 1922 to 1938, first issued by the
2642:
370:Princess Vera Constantinovna of Russia
16:Travel documents for stateless persons
2524:Laissez-passer and emergency passport
2458:
2347:
2346:
2227:
2093:
959:
921:
2609:
960:
613:from the original on October 9, 2022
542:
328:adding citations to reliable sources
299:
13:
2459:
2094:
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104:, were internationally recognized
14:
2691:
2201:Aboriginal Provisional Government
2133:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1191:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
897:
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2597:
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2164:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1805:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
304:
234:
217:
195:
188:
1608:Micronesia, Federated States of
880:
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315:needs additional citations for
241:Memorial plaque (partial view);
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536:
524:
512:
224:Nansen passport renewal stamp;
1:
947:
637:, retrieved December 11, 2012
533:, retrieved December 11, 2012
506:
280:(or "alien's passports") and
2006:British Overseas Territories
100:, originally and officially
7:
2229:International organizations
1674:Netherlands, Kingdom of the
1164:China, People's Republic of
494:
102:stateless persons passports
10:
2696:
489:King Alfonso XIII of Spain
464:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
126:
2592:
2558:
2550:Machine-readable passport
2537:
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2465:
2454:
2430:
2408:
2357:
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2342:
2313:
2285:
2259:
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2206:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
2193:
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2117:Vatican City and Holy See
2104:
2100:
2089:
1928:
1787:
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1259:Dominica, Commonwealth of
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970:
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955:
907:United Nations University
260:
87:
74:
66:
58:
48:
40:
28:
23:
2126:Other sovereign entities
1149:Central African Republic
571:Refugee Survey Quarterly
282:refugee travel documents
278:certificates of identity
106:refugee travel documents
1196:Congo, Republic of the
1083:Bosnia and Herzegovina
395:Alexander Grothendieck
202:Nansen passport cover;
2365:British Indian Empire
1820:São Tomé and Príncipe
1795:Saint Kitts and Nevis
635:Store Norske Leksikon
456:Dimitri Riabouchinsky
269:was awarded the 1938
2431:Sovereignty disputed
2409:Former organizations
2142:Sovereignty disputed
1996:United Arab Emirates
324:improve this article
2566:Camouflage passport
2509:Diplomatic passport
2385:Mandatory Palestine
2181:(Republic of China)
1961:Trinidad and Tobago
1003:Antigua and Barbuda
912:The Nansen Passport
583:10.1093/rsq/22.1.71
531:Nansen the humanist
169:, Assyro-Chaldean,
137:significant turmoil
2680:1922 introductions
2665:Identity documents
2545:Biometric passport
2105:UN observer states
1264:Dominican Republic
701:www.nobelprize.org
577:(1): 71–73. 2003.
451:Sergey Rakhmaninov
365:Sergiu Celibidache
2660:League of Nations
2650:Defunct passports
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2636:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2519:Internal passport
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2416:League of Nations
2348:Defunct passports
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2277:Central America-4
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
1289:Equatorial Guinea
756:The Nansen Office
672:The Nansen Office
446:Jadwiga Piłsudska
425:Krikor Pambuccian
420:Aristotle Onassis
390:Zuzanna Ginczanka
380:Françoise Frenkel
356:
355:
348:
271:Nobel Peace Prize
165:, and in 1928 to
156:League of Nations
148:Russian Civil War
110:League of Nations
95:
94:
59:First issued
53:League of Nations
2687:
2624:
2623:
2612:
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2529:Service passport
2493:Animal passport
2477:Alien's passport
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2358:Dissolved states
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2354:
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2343:
2267:Andean Community
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2224:
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1734:Papua New Guinea
1588:Marshall Islands
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961:UN member states
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415:Vladimir Nabokov
410:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
385:Alexander Galich
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98:Nansen passports
33:
21:
20:
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2655:Fridtjof Nansen
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2487:1954 Convention
2482:1951 Convention
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2255:
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2211:
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2159:Northern Cyprus
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1865:Solomon Islands
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1704:North Macedonia
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811:10.1038/517272a
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729:
728:. June 14, 2024
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474:Victor Starffin
400:G. I. Gurdjieff
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296:Notable bearers
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204:Police office,
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152:Fridtjof Nansen
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441:Grigol Peradze
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243:outside wall,
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210:Czechoslovakia
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70:Identification
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2675:Statelessness
2673:
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2514:Hajj passport
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2380:Korean Empire
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2207:
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2199:
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2174:South Ossetia
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2033:United States
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2027:
2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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1392:Guinea-Bissau
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1324:Åland Islands
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804:(7534): 272.
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469:Otto Skorzeny
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405:Anatol Heintz
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336:February 2024
329:
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319:
318:
313:This section
311:
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274:
272:
268:
254:
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189:Image gallery
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2614:
2602:
2538:Data formats
2415:
2395:Soviet Union
2375:East Germany
2185:Transnistria
1976:Turkmenistan
1875:South Africa
1845:Sierra Leone
1825:Saudi Arabia
1108:Burkina Faso
882:
871:
859:. Retrieved
856:pdfs.jta.org
855:
843:
831:. Retrieved
801:
797:
784:
730:. Retrieved
725:
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
679:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:
642:
627:
615:. Retrieved
604:refworld.org
603:
591:
574:
570:
564:
552:. Retrieved
549:refworld.org
548:
538:
526:
514:
430:Anna Pavlova
375:Marc Chagall
342:
333:
322:Please help
317:verification
314:
286:
275:
264:
179:
160:
144:Soviet Union
141:
130:
101:
97:
96:
18:
2021:Isle of Man
1915:Switzerland
1885:South Sudan
1880:South Korea
1800:Saint Lucia
1749:Philippines
1699:North Korea
1679:New Zealand
1457:Ivory Coast
1284:El Salvador
978:Afghanistan
861:January 10,
833:October 14,
652:www.uia.org
632:Nansen-pass
360:Robert Capa
133:World War I
131:The end of
75:Eligibility
2644:Categories
2559:Imitations
2400:Yugoslavia
2208:(Iroquois)
2169:Somaliland
2043:Uzbekistan
1936:Tajikistan
1840:Seychelles
1815:San Marino
1638:Mozambique
1628:Montenegro
1593:Mauritania
1558:Madagascar
1553:Luxembourg
1497:Kyrgyzstan
1477:Kazakhstan
1269:East Timor
1201:Costa Rica
1144:Cape Verde
1043:Bangladesh
1028:Azerbaijan
507:References
88:Expiration
2112:Palestine
2053:Venezuela
1895:Sri Lanka
1850:Singapore
1684:Nicaragua
1598:Mauritius
1548:Lithuania
1427:Indonesia
1382:Guatemala
1247:Greenland
1169:Hong Kong
1018:Australia
1008:Argentina
949:Passports
828:205083834
245:City Hall
171:Bulgarian
114:stateless
79:Stateless
49:Issued by
2670:Refugees
2603:Category
2418:(Nansen)
2390:Rhodesia
2321:Interpol
2260:Americas
2149:Abkhazia
2073:Zimbabwe
2016:Guernsey
1946:Thailand
1941:Tanzania
1905:Suriname
1860:Slovenia
1855:Slovakia
1759:Portugal
1739:Paraguay
1719:Pakistan
1623:Mongolia
1573:Maldives
1568:Malaysia
1487:Kiribati
1407:Honduras
1309:Ethiopia
1304:Eswatini
1254:Djibouti
1181:Colombia
1134:Cameroon
1129:Cambodia
1103:Bulgaria
1088:Botswana
1048:Barbados
820:25592527
792:(2015).
732:June 19,
726:POLITICO
706:April 9,
657:April 9,
617:April 9,
608:Archived
554:April 9,
495:See also
167:Assyrian
163:Armenian
117:refugees
82:refugees
44:Passport
2615:Commons
2438:Artsakh
2272:CARICOM
2058:Vietnam
2048:Vanuatu
2038:Uruguay
1991:Ukraine
1966:Tunisia
1870:Somalia
1830:Senegal
1769:Romania
1694:Nigeria
1659:Namibia
1643:Myanmar
1633:Morocco
1613:Moldova
1533:Liberia
1528:Lesotho
1523:Lebanon
1462:Jamaica
1442:Ireland
1417:Iceland
1412:Hungary
1377:Grenada
1362:Germany
1357:Georgia
1319:Finland
1299:Estonia
1294:Eritrea
1274:Ecuador
1237:Denmark
1206:Croatia
1186:Comoros
1113:Burundi
1078:Bolivia
1058:Belgium
1053:Belarus
1038:Bahrain
1033:Bahamas
1023:Austria
1013:Armenia
993:Andorra
988:Algeria
983:Albania
175:Turkish
127:History
67:Purpose
2625:
2314:Global
2286:Europe
2251:ECOWAS
2239:Africa
2179:Taiwan
2154:Kosovo
2068:Zambia
2026:Jersey
1986:Uganda
1981:Tuvalu
1971:Turkey
1910:Sweden
1835:Serbia
1779:Rwanda
1774:Russia
1754:Poland
1729:Panama
1709:Norway
1618:Monaco
1603:Mexico
1563:Malawi
1518:Latvia
1492:Kuwait
1472:Jordan
1447:Israel
1397:Guyana
1387:Guinea
1372:Greece
1352:Gambia
1331:France
1216:Cyprus
1139:Canada
1098:Brunei
1093:Brazil
1073:Bhutan
1063:Belize
998:Angola
826:
818:
798:Nature
261:Legacy
255:, 2007
253:Norway
229:, 1930
212:, 1930
206:Prague
2497:Horse
2422:UNMIK
2063:Yemen
2011:BN(O)
1956:Tonga
1920:Syria
1900:Sudan
1890:Spain
1810:Samoa
1764:Qatar
1724:Palau
1689:Niger
1669:Nepal
1664:Nauru
1583:Malta
1538:Libya
1482:Kenya
1467:Japan
1452:Italy
1422:India
1402:Haiti
1367:Ghana
1347:Gabon
1279:Egypt
1174:Macau
1159:Chile
1068:Benin
852:(PDF)
824:S2CID
611:(PDF)
600:(PDF)
461:Rabbi
2628:List
2293:EFTA
1951:Togo
1744:Peru
1714:Oman
1578:Mali
1513:Laos
1437:Iraq
1432:Iran
1314:Fiji
1211:Cuba
1154:Chad
863:2019
835:2015
816:PMID
734:2024
708:2018
659:2018
619:2018
556:2018
439:St.
265:The
249:Oslo
173:and
135:saw
91:1938
62:1922
41:Type
2502:Pet
1929:T–Z
1652:N–R
1506:L–M
1340:G–K
1230:D–F
971:A–B
806:doi
802:517
579:doi
326:by
2646::
854:.
822:.
814:.
800:.
796:.
763:^
742:^
724:.
699:.
650:.
606:.
602:.
575:22
573:.
547:.
284:.
251:,
247:,
208:,
123:.
1788:S
1122:C
941:e
934:t
927:v
890:.
865:.
837:.
808::
736:.
710:.
661:.
621:.
585:.
581::
558:.
349:)
343:(
338:)
334:(
320:.
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