Myth of the Noble savage

1500: 1263: 1484: 232: 1353:(self-regard) is a "factitious feeling arising, only in society, which leads a man to think more highly of himself than of any other." Therefore, "it is this desire for reputation, honors, and preferment which devours us all . . . this rage to be distinguished, that we own what is best and worst in men — our virtues and our vices, our sciences and our errors, our conquerors and our philosophers — in short, a vast number of evil things and a small number of good "; that is the aspect of character "which inspires men to all the evils which they inflict upon one another." 188: 789: 917:, each of them, of course, a "Gegen-Konstruktion" to the conditions under which it was formed. One view, termed "soft" primitivism in an illuminating book by Lovejoy and Boas, conceives of primitive life as a golden age of plenty, innocence, and happiness — in other words, as civilized life purged of its vices. The other, "hard" form of primitivism conceives of primitive life as an almost subhuman existence full of terrible hardships and devoid of all comforts — in other words, as civilized life stripped of its virtues. 421: 485:(1609–1924) for possession of the land, European white settlers considered the Indians "an inferior breed of men" and mocked them by using the terms "Lo" and "Mr. Lo" as disrespectful forms of address. In the Western U.S., those terms of address also referred to East Coast humanitarians whose noble-savage conception of the American Indian was unlike the warrior who confronted and fought the frontiersman. Concerning the story of the settler Thomas Alderdice, whose wife was captured and killed by 277: 1059:

because the fruit thereof is uncertain; and consequently no Culture of the Earth; no Navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by Sea; no commodious Building; no Instruments of moving, and removing such things as require much force; no Knowledge of the face of the Earth; no account of Time; no Arts; no Letters; no Society; and which is worst of all, continuall feare, and danger of violent death; And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short.

7049: 477:, etc., constituting the very best corn-lands on Earth, and saw their owners sitting around the doors of their lodges at the height of the planting season, and in as good, bright planting weather as sun and soil ever made, I could not help saying: "These people must die out — there is no help for them. God has given this earth to those who will subdue and cultivate it, and it is vain to struggle against His righteous decree." 1665:

commentators who found Greece to be a positive inspiration for resistance to austerity policies and the neoliberalism of the EU These commentators' positive embrace of the periphery (their noble-savage ideal) is the other side of the mainstream views, also dominant during that period, that stereotyped Greece and the South as lazy and corrupt.

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head. All the noble savage's wars with his fellow-savages (and he takes no pleasure in anything else) are wars of extermination — which is the best thing I know of him, and the most comfortable to my mind when I look at him. He has no moral feelings of any kind, sort, or description; and his "mission" may be summed up as simply diabolical.

1744:, LeBlanc further documents the mythical notion of primitive non-violence against foreign tribal peoples, internal strife and internecine violence, as well as violence against animals and wildlife. In many of these instances the homicide rate even rising to substantially higher levels than that seen in modernity. 1559:

To conclude as I began. My position is that if we have anything to learn from the Noble Savage it is what to avoid. His virtues are a fable; his happiness is a delusion; his nobility, nonsense. We have no greater justification for being cruel to the miserable object, than for being cruel to a WILLIAM

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The noble savage sets a king to reign over him, to whom he submits his life and limbs without a murmur or question, and whose whole life is passed chin deep in a lake of blood; but who, after killing incessantly, is in his turn killed by his relations and friends the moment a grey hair appears on his

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Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of War, where every man is Enemy to every man; the same is consequent to the time, wherein men live without other security, than what their own strength, and their own invention shall furnish them withall. In such condition, there is no place for Industry;

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The cannibal practices are admitted but presented as part of a complex and balanced set of customs and beliefs which "make sense" in their own right. They are attached to a powerfully positive morality of valor and pride, one that would have been likely to appeal to early modern codes of honor, and

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The leaders of the savages accosted them thus: “We abandoned for you, the pleasant sea-coast, so that we have nothing left, but these almost inaccessible mountains: at least, it is just that you leave us in peace and liberty. Go, and never forget that you owe your lives to our feeling of humanity.

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Despite European idealization of the noble savage as a type of morally superior man, in the essay “The Noble Savage” (1853), Dickens expressed repugnance for the American Indians and their way of life, because they were dirty and cruel and continually quarrelled among themselves. In the satire of

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They greatly excel the Lowlanders in all the exercises that require agility; they are incredibly abstemious, and patient of hunger and fatigue; so steeled against the weather, that in traveling, even when the ground is covered with snow, they never look for a house, or any other shelter but their

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In many ways, the noble savage notion entails fantasies about the non-West that cut to the core of the conversation in the social sciences about Orientalism, colonialism and exoticism. The key question that emerges here is whether an admiration of "the Other" as noble undermines or reproduces the

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In "The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography" (2006), the researchers Jonathan Haas and Matthew Piscitelli challenged the idea that the human species is innately bellicose and that warfare is an occasional activity by a society, but is not an inherent part of human culture. Moreover, the

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led him to retire to his lands in the Périgord region, and remain silent on all public affairs until the 1580s. Thus, it seems that he was traumatized by the massacre. To him, cruelty was a criterion that differentiated the Wars of Religion from previous conflicts, which he idealized. Montaigne

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I have learned to appreciate better than hitherto, and to make more allowance for the dislike, aversion, contempt wherewith Indians are usually regarded by their white neighbors, and have been since the days of the Puritans. It needs but little familiarity with the actual, palpable aborigines to

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We value health, frugality, liberty, and vigor of body and mind: the love of virtue, the fear of the gods, a natural goodness toward our neighbors, attachment to our friends, fidelity to all the world, moderation in prosperity, fortitude in adversity, courage always bold to speak the truth, and

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Franklin praised the way of life of indigenous people, their customs of hospitality, their councils of government, and acknowledged that while some Europeans had foregone civilization to live like a "savage", the opposite rarely occurred, because few indigenous people chose "civilization" over

1642:; hence, "life before domestication agriculture was, in fact, largely one of leisure, intimacy with nature, sensual wisdom, sexual equality, and health." Zerzan's claims about the moral superiority of primitive societies are based on a certain reading of the works of anthropologists, such as 1664:

In anthropology, the argument has been made that key tenets of the noble-savage idea inform cultural investments in places seemingly removed from the Tropics, such as the Mediterranean and specifically Greece, during the debt crisis by European institutions (such as documenta) and by various

466:— is only visible to the poet's eye. To the prosaic observer, the average Indian of the woods and prairies is a being who does little credit to human nature — a slave of appetite and sloth, never emancipated from the tyranny of one animal passion, save by the more ravenous demands of another. 305:

of the time, for which a type of non-European Other became a background character for European stories about adventurous Europeans in the strange lands beyond continental Europe. For the novels, the opera, and the stageplays, the stock of characters included the "Virtuous Milkmaid" and the

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Raynal brought home to the conscience of Europeans the miseries which had befallen the natives of the New World through the Christian conquerors and their priests. He was not indeed an enthusiastic preacher of Progress. He was unable to decide between the comparative advantages of the

1119:, a figure of fun in his blue coat, his red hose, his black hat, his white plume and his green ribands. He never really lives, because he is always torturing the life out of himself to clutch at wealth and honors, which, even if he wins them, will prove to be but glittering illusions. 1416:; on the other hand, an increasing estrangement of men from one another, an intensification of ill-will and mutual fear, culminating in a monstrous epoch of universal conflict and mutual destruction. And the chief cause of the latter process Rousseau, following Hobbes and 1348:

Having invented tools, discovered fire, and transcended the state of nature, Rousseau said that "it is easy to see. . . . that all our labors are directed upon two objects only, namely, for oneself, the commodities of life, and consideration on the part of others"; thus

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position. Nor was this the whole of the difference. As compared with the then-conventional pictures of the savage state, Rousseau's account, even of this third stage, is far less idyllic; and it is so because of his fundamentally unfavorable view of human nature

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term, Pope's phrase "Lo, the Poor Indian!" was used to dehumanize the natives of North America for European purposes, and so justified white settlers' conflicts with the local Indians for possession of the land. In the mid-19th century, the journalist-editor

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newspaper said: "We wish some philanthropists, who talk about civilizing the Indians, could have heard this unfortunate and almost broken-hearted man tell his story. We think would at least have wavered a little in their opinion of the Lo family."

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He chose to depict cruelty through the image of hunting, which fitted with the tradition of condemning hunting for its association with blood and death, but it was still quite surprising, to the extent that this practice was part of the

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is a "war of all against all", for which reason the lives of men and women are "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" without the political organization of people and resources. The European Hobbes gave, incorrectly, as example the

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been going on upon a scale beyond all precedent: immense progress in man's knowledge and in his powers over nature, and, at the same time, a steady increase of rivalries, distrust, hatred and, at last, "the most horrible state of war"

262:(1672), about the troubled love of the hero Almanzor and the Moorish beauty Almahide, in which the protagonist defends his life as a free man by denying a prince's right to put him to death, because he is not a subject of the prince: 1660:

of the American Indians of the north-west North America, who live from fishing and foraging, is attributed to having domesticated dogs and the cultivation of tobacco, that animal husbandry and agriculture equal civilization.

1153:, which appeared in 1772. It is however one of the most remarkable books of the century. Its immediate practical importance lay in the array of facts which it furnished to the friends of humanity in the movement against 774:

Montaigne associated the propensity to cruelty toward animals, with that exercised toward men. After all, following the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, the invented image of Charles IX shooting Huguenots from the

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SHAKESPEARE or an ISAAC NEWTON; but he passes away before an immeasurably better and higher power than ever ran wild in any earthly woods, and the world will be all the better when this place knows him no more.

1424:. A large survey of history does not belie these generalizations, and the history of the period since Rousseau wrote lends them a melancholy verisimilitude. Precisely the two processes, which he described have 731:

recognition that people are people, despite their different customs, traditions, and codes of honor. The academic David El Kenz explicates Montaigne's background concerning the violence of customary morality:

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were greatly surprised and alarmed by the sight of our ships and arms and retired to the mountains. But since our soldiers were curious to see the country and hunt deer, they were met by some of these savage

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is a distinct species of Man — Crawfurd and Hunt dismissed the arguments of their opponents by accusing them of being proponents of "Rousseau's Noble Savage". Later in his career, Crawfurd re-introduced the

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For Rousseau, man's good lay in departing from his "natural" state — but not too much; "perfectability", up to a certain point, was desirable, though beyond that point an evil. Not its infancy but its

642:(1550–1551) of the moral philosophy of enslaving the native peoples of the Spanish colonies, Bishop de las Casas reported the noble-savage culture of the natives, especially noting their plain-manner 743:

Montaigne discussed the first three wars of religion (1562–63; 1567–68; 1568–70) quite specifically; he had personally participated in , on the side of the royal army, in southwestern France. The

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In the Kingdom of France, critics of the Crown and Church risked censorship and summary imprisonment without trial, and primitivism was political protest against the repressive imperial règimes of

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Interest in the remote peoples of the Earth, in the unfamiliar civilizations of the East, in the untutored races of America and Africa, was vivid in France in the 18th century. Everyone knows how

1333:, Rousseau said that the rise of humanity began a "formidable struggle for existence" between the species man and the other animal species of Nature. That under the pressure of survival emerged 1145:

used Hurons or Persians to hold up the glass to Western manners and morals, as Tacitus used the Germans to criticize the society of Rome. But very few ever look into the seven volumes of the

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For science and the arts are but the parents of corruption. The Savage obeys the will of Nature, his kindly mother, therefore he is happy. It is civilized folk who are the real barbarians.

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If the offended gods so far blind you as to make you reject peace, you will find, when it is too late, that the people who are moderate and lovers of peace are the most formidable in war.”

1385:, who represented an absolute idea of the first state of innocence "before men knew how to sin." The men in Rousseau's "nascent society" already had 'bien des querelles et des combats" ; 1166:

and the most highly cultivated society. But he observes that "the human race is what we wish to make it", that the felicity of Man depends entirely on the improvement of legislation, and

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considered that three factors accounted for the shift from regular war to the carnage of civil war: popular intervention, religious demagogy, and the never-ending aspect of the conflict.

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declares that there is a dual process going on through history; on the one hand, an indefinite progress in all those powers and achievements which express merely the potency of man's

832:(Dutch Guiana, 1667–1954). In the course of his enslavement, Oroonoko meets the woman who narrates to the reader the life and love of Prince Oroonoko, his enslavement, his leading a 1325:

was essentially a glorification of the State of Nature, and that its influence tended to wholly or chiefly to promote “Primitivism” is one of the most persistent historical errors.

1204:, in which he referred to the Paxton Boys as "Christian white savages" and called for judicial punishment of those who carried the Bible in one hand and a hatchet in the other. 53:

who is uncorrupted by civilization. As such, the "noble" savage symbolizes the innate goodness and moral superiority of a primitive people living in harmony with Nature. In the

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the Europeans granted themselves the right to colonize the natives inhabiting the islands and the continental lands of the northern, the central, and the southern Americas.

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was the best age of the human race. The distinction may seem to us slight enough; but in the mid-eighteenth century it amounted to an abandonment of the stronghold of the

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To come to the point at once, I beg to say that I have not the least belief in the Noble Savage. I consider him a prodigious nuisance and an enormous superstition. . . .

349:(geographic, cultural, political) of North America as an ideal place for the European man to commune with Nature, far from the artifice of civilisation; yet in the poem “ 2294:, Patrick Riley, translator (Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 130–131; Riley's translation is based on the translation by Tobias Smollett, 1776 (op. cit. p. xvii). 6735: 1282:

likewise believed that Man is innately good, and that urban civilization, characterized by jealousy, envy, and self-consciousness, has made men bad in character. In

191:

In the essay "Of Cannibals" (1580), about the Tupinambá people of Brazil, the philosopher Michel de Montaigne introduced the noble savage (nature's gentleman) as a

626:(1521–1821) eventually produced bad-conscience recriminations amongst the European intelligentsias for and against colonialism. As the Roman Catholic Bishop of 1516:

Dickens showed that the painter Catlin, the Indian Gallery of portraits and landscapes, and the white people who admire the idealized American Indians or the

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I don't care what he calls me. I call him a savage, and I call a savage a something highly desirable to be civilized off the face of the Earth. . . .

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Men become men only in a civil society based upon law, and only a reformed system of education can make men good; the academic Lovejoy explains that:

5044: 3207:(1923, 1943). "The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality, " Modern Philology Vol. 21, No. 2 (Nov., 1923):165–186. Reprinted in 7103: 1115:

looks with compassion on poor civilized man — no courage, no strength, incapable of providing himself with food and shelter: a degenerate, a moral

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way of life. Montaigne reviled hunting by describing it as an urban massacre scene. In addition, the man–animal relationship allowed him to define

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window did combine the established reputation of the King as a hunter, with a stigmatization of hunting, a cruel and perverted custom, did it not?

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plaid, in which they wrap themselves up, and go to sleep under the cope of heaven. Such people, in quality of soldiers, must be invincible. . . .

719:, yet neither were the Tupinambá culturally or morally inferior to his contemporary, 16th-century European civilization. From the perspective of 1377:

savages are quite unlike Dryden's Indians: "Guiltless men, that danced away their time, / Fresh as the groves and happy as their clime" or Mrs.

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of the love story, the circumstances, and the characters, which consequently gave political importance to the play and the novel for the candid

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isolated from his society, whose trials and tribulations lead him to knowledge of Allah by living a rustic life in harmony with Mother Nature.

95: 1499: 417:

of the non-European Other derived from the mirror logic of the Enlightenment belief that "men, everywhere and in all times, are the same".

1687:" is contradicted and refuted by archeologic evidence that indicates that violence was common practice in early human societies. That the 405:

means "uneducated and a heathen", but also denotes a savage who is happy with his rustic life in harmony with Nature, and who believes in

1249:"Savages" we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; they think the same of theirs. 2194:

The Fall of the Natural Man: the American Indian and the origins of comparative ethnology. Cambridge Iberian and Latin American Studies.

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The Savage in European Social Thought: A Prelude to the Conceptualization of the Divergent Peoples and Cultures of Australia and Oceania

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they are contrasted with modes of behavior in the France of the wars of religion, which appear as distinctly less attractive, such as

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Paradies auf Erden?: Mythenbildung als Form von Fremdwahrnehmung : der Südsee-Mythos in Schlüsselphasen der deutschen Literatur

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outside Philadelphia. The marchers dispersed after Franklin convinced them to submit their grievances in writing to the government.

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of Brazil ceremoniously eat the bodies of their dead enemies, as a matter of honour, whilst reminding the European reader that such

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published the essay "Lo! The Poor Indian!" (1859), about the social condition of the American Indian in the modern United States:

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Never forget that it was from a people whom you call rude and savage that you receive this lesson in gentleness and generosity.

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of New Spain, yet idealized them into morally innocent noble savages living a simple life in harmony with Mother Nature. At the

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In the 18th century, British intellectual debate about Primitivism used the Highland Scots as a local, European example of a

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said that the "widespread myth" that "civilized humans have fallen from grace from a simple, primeval happiness, a peaceful

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for adventure and exploration stories about European encounters with the noble savage natives, such as the historical novel

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of the Highlanders, whilst admiring and idealizing the toughness of person and character of the Highland Scots; the writer

2687:

Haas, Jonathan; Piscitelli, Matthew (2013). "The Prehistory of Warfare: Misled by Ethnography". In Fry, Douglas P. (ed.).

1262: 163:. In the 19th century, in the essay "The Noble Savage" (1853) Charles Dickens rendered the noble savage into a rhetorical 5087: 3237:

Dickens And Empire: Discourses Of Class, Race And Colonialism In The Works Of Charles Dickens (Nineteenth Century Series)

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Bordewich, Fergus M. "Killing the White Man's Indian: Reinventing Native Americans at the End of the Twentieth Century"

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people, as often as the American Indians were the example. The English cultural perspective scorned the ostensibly rude

816:, which is the tragic love story between Oroonoko and the beautiful Imoinda, an African king and queen respectively. At 314:), literary characters who personify the moral superiority of working-class people in the fictional world of the story. 6507: 2698: 394: 401:

unlike his insular European self; thus, from the Western perspective of "An Essay on Man", Pope's metaphoric usage of

4876: 4718: 3308: 3292: 3255: 3223: 3199: 2664: 2457: 2399: 2305: 2205: 2167: 2118:"An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859, "Lo! The Poor Indian!", by Horace Greeley" 2020: 744: 5472: 1404:

that will "draw from the very evil from which we suffer the remedy which shall cure it"; Lovejoy notes that in the

5467: 4764: 2795: 1472:, which then was touring England. About Catlin's oil paintings of the North American natives, the poet and critic 7093: 7009: 5173: 654:

In the intellectual debates of the late 16th and 17th centuries, philosophers used the racist stereotypes of the

5528: 5178: 4952: 3075:. Material relating to First Nations, Metis, and Inuit, found in Saskatchewan cultural and heritage collections. 5268: 4698: 4675: 4610: 3408: 1941: 1933: 1719: 1197: 280:

In the poem "An Essay on Man" (1734), the poet Alexander Pope developed the noble savage into the non-European

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Miner, Earl (1972), "The Wild Man Through the Looking Glass", in Dudley, Edward; Novak, Maximillian E (eds.),

7033: 7017: 6934: 6452: 5564: 5518: 3367: 2903:(PDF). Zeitschrift für Australienstudien. 16: 17–30. doi:10.35515/zfa/asj.16/2002.04. Retrieved 21 July 2022. 1621: 1574: 27: 1656:

is restricted to hunter-gatherer societies who have no domesticated animals or agriculture, e.g. the stable

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to compare the civilized European to the uncivilized noble savage. Montaigne's anthropological report about

6557: 5927: 4708: 929: 414: 5004: 2822: 2074: 796:(1696), by Thomas Southerne, plot complications lead the protagonist Oroonoko to kill his beloved Imoinda. 6805: 6620: 6462: 4774: 4723: 4303: 3998: 3858: 3117: 1590: 1468:, Charles Dickens published a negative review of the Indian Gallery cultural program, by the portraitist 302: 6740: 5069: 7088: 6442: 5671: 5183: 4565: 4354: 3689: 3372: 2962: 463: 342: 6750: 5416: 5193: 2644: 7078: 7073: 6989: 6389: 6340: 4640: 3401: 470: 6670: 5827: 5549: 2886:

Peacock, Janice (2006) “Culture Cult Clan 2001: Comments on the Survival of Torres Strait Culture”,

1483: 1420:, found, as we have seen, in that unique passion of the self-conscious animal — pride, self esteem, 631: 6888: 6710: 6600: 6590: 6527: 6293: 5978: 5039: 4769: 3671: 3435: 1624:(1986) specifically rejects claims that the human propensity towards violence has a genetic basis. 1231: 327: 20: 6467: 5757: 2450:

Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois, and the Rationale for the American Revolution

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was a real type of man, despite the term not appearing in work written by Rousseau; in addressing

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stock character in conversation with civilized men from Europe about possession and ownership of

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said that "He has brought back alive the proud and free characters of these chiefs; both their

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politics to Adario, a Canadian Indian who played the role of noble savage for French explorers:

913:

There had been, from the beginning of Classical speculation, two contrasting opinions about the

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Massacres during the Wars of Religion: The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: a foundational event

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Fryd, Vivien Green (1995). "Rereading the Indian in Benjamin West's "Death of General Wolfe"".

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paradigm has warped anthropological literature to political ends. Moreover, the anthropologist

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against the Dutch planters of Surinam, and his consequent execution by the Dutch colonialists.

829: 128: 6324: 6197: 5983: 5907: 5792: 5218: 2823:"The Indigenous Sublime Rethinking Orientalism and Desire from documenta 14 to Highland Crete" 2075:"The Indigenous Sublime Rethinking Orientalism and Desire from documenta 14 to Highland Crete" 2010: 7083: 7004: 6969: 6959: 6893: 6720: 6695: 6655: 6605: 6502: 6355: 6202: 6014: 5871: 5812: 5646: 5641: 5595: 5523: 5462: 5348: 5107: 4754: 4703: 4680: 4555: 4134: 2390:

Peaceable Kingdom Lost: The Paxton Boys and the Destruction of William Penn's Holy Experiment

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likewise accused anthropologists of exalting the noble savage above civilized man, by way of

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in Brazil indicated that the Tupinambá people were neither a noble nor an exceptionally good

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As I passed over those magnificent bottoms of the Kansas, which form the reservations of the

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Primitivism and the Idea of Progress in English Popular Literature of the Eighteenth Century

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The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment: Ibn Tufayl's Influence on Modern Western Thought

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Coming to Terms with Diversity: Educational Responses to Linguistic Plurality in Australia

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François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, Encounter with the Mandurians, in Chapter IX of

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way of life, because Rome was too civilized, unlike the savage Germans. The art historian

8: 6984: 6843: 6547: 6432: 6273: 5656: 5651: 5487: 5228: 5163: 4779: 4244: 4142: 3612: 3273:

The Fall of the Natural Man: The American Indian and the origins of comparative ethnology

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Dickens ends his cultural criticism by reiterating his argument against the romanticized

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Bataille, Gretchen, M. and Silet Charles L., editors. Introduction by Vine Deloria, Jr.

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Benítez-Rojo, Antonio (2018). "The Caribbean: From a Sea Basin to an Atlantic Network".

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as politically necessary for societal stability and the national security of the state:

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lived by hunting and by the fruits which the trees spontaneously produced. These people

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of the French Revolution (1789–1799), ideologues accused Rousseau of claiming that the

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Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil

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The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism

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primitivism that dehumanises Indigenous peoples into the cultural stereotype of the

6580: 6477: 6402: 6319: 6283: 6161: 6136: 6131: 5832: 5822: 5817: 5807: 5797: 5772: 5702: 5625: 5600: 5168: 5117: 5014: 4855: 4845: 4828: 4789: 4784: 4759: 4545: 4534: 4423: 4203: 4167: 4157: 3901: 3828: 3792: 3764: 3717: 3595: 3121: 2830: 2650: 2082: 1820: 1657: 1643: 1100: 860: 691: 683: 560: 547: 410: 6755: 6745: 5963: 5737: 5574: 5238: 4916: 2773: 6979: 6964: 6939: 6863: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6700: 6685: 6640: 6575: 6447: 6417: 6263: 6258: 6141: 6064: 6054: 6004: 5912: 5787: 5681: 5620: 5615: 5482: 5426: 5343: 5333: 5153: 5137: 5092: 5059: 4932: 4882: 4820: 4809: 4369: 4359: 4190: 4175: 4058: 3684: 3424: 3283: 2993:

Touched by Fire: the Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer

2132:

Touched by Fire: the Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer

1927: 1899: 1894: 1825: 1791: 1635: 1464: 1401: 1337:, the specific quality of character, which distinguishes man from beast, such as 1289: 1212: 1163: 1006: 914: 897: 840: 833: 509: 350: 205: 132: 50: 6360: 5298: 4693: 3067:"'He Scarcely Resembles the Real Man': images of the Indian in popular culture". 2690:

War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary and Cultural Views

1241:, Franklin especially noted the racism inherent to the colonists using the word 420: 6903: 6873: 6838: 6828: 6810: 6715: 6675: 6610: 6482: 6412: 6253: 6238: 6166: 6110: 6100: 6069: 6049: 5958: 5881: 5861: 5846: 5767: 5727: 5431: 5383: 5313: 5208: 5188: 5127: 5024: 4888: 4814: 4595: 4570: 4147: 4078: 3993: 3906: 3268: 2998: 2939:"LeBlanc's Book Explores Warfare Through the Ages | Arts | The Harvard Crimson" 1958: 1830: 1652: 1442: 1157:. But it was also an effective attack on the Church and the sacerdotal system. 1092: 1084: 906: 596: 450: 354: 6918: 6487: 5513: 5477: 5288: 3333:

Nature's Simple Plan: a phase of radical thought in the mid-eighteenth century

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to defend the city and led a delegation that met with the Paxton leaders at

967:

We abhor that brutality which, under the gaudy names of ambition and glory,

933:(1699), in the “Encounter with the Mandurians” (Chapter IX), the theologian 6883: 6858: 6833: 6800: 6770: 6690: 6650: 6552: 6497: 6407: 6375: 6365: 6350: 6090: 5953: 5943: 5917: 5762: 5717: 5441: 5373: 5363: 5303: 5253: 5198: 5009: 4927: 4898: 4749: 4580: 4514: 4463: 4413: 4403: 4298: 4119: 4091: 4068: 4023: 3868: 3843: 3810: 3772: 3699: 3632: 3579: 3543: 3525: 2799: 1904: 1855: 1786: 1639: 1599: 1450: 1338: 1208: 687: 671: 619: 307: 235:

The playwright John Dryden coined the term "noble savage" in the stageplay

213: 54: 34: 6248: 6898: 6765: 6615: 6212: 6115: 6059: 5866: 5732: 5436: 5368: 5102: 4963: 4922: 4871: 4744: 4656: 4398: 4334: 4280: 4152: 4114: 4086: 4063: 4008: 3930: 3617: 3553: 3505: 3480: 3156: 2155: 1835: 1805: 1796: 1733: 1700: 1631: 1513: 1446: 1365: 1223: 1189: 1142: 756: 686:: "One calls ‘barbarism’ whatever he is not accustomed to." The academic 346: 172: 168: 64: 4431: 4377: 3043: 2655: 2113:

An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859

1602:

and deliberately ascribed coinage of the term to Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

1507:, Chief of the Ojibwa Indians of the Great Plains. (George Catlin, 1832) 6019: 5338: 5318: 5308: 4957: 4794: 4590: 4539: 4239: 4221: 3924: 3896: 3838: 3833: 3753: 3694: 3656: 3326:

Hollywood's Indian : the Portrayal of the Native American in Film.

3141: 2498:, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Nov. 1923):165–186, Lovejoy's essay was reprinted in 2318: 1879: 1684: 1586: 1517: 1491:

painted idealized representations of the North American noble savage. (

1378: 1301: 868: 813: 556: 542: 474: 179:

dominant hierarchy, whereby the Other is subjugated by Western powers.

4003: 3983: 2503: 6680: 6009: 5891: 5223: 4942: 4600: 4504: 4438: 4267: 4258: 4213: 4198: 3920: 3891: 3800: 3782: 3777: 3648: 3644: 3622: 3569: 3548: 3520: 3495: 3440: 3247: 3039: 2796:"John Zerzan – Running on Emptiness: The Failure of Symbolic Thought" 1845: 1771: 1729: 1708: 1529: 1413: 1002: 852: 643: 623: 588: 432: 175:

in philosophy and in the arts made possible by moral sentimentalism.

103: 2582: 6820: 4585: 4575: 4560: 4349: 4096: 4048: 3968: 3535: 3490: 3393: 3125: 3026:

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Reprinted by Octagon Press in 1966.

2834: 2688: 2086: 1869: 1840: 1707:

peoples who live a primitive way of life demarcated and limited by

1477: 1219: 1138: 808: 486: 435:

the royal house date from the early reign of the Oldenburg dynasty.

428: 195:

in the stories of Europeans' relations with the non-European Other.

164: 99: 3373:

Louis Menand. "What Comes Naturally". A review of Steven Pinker's

3218:

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Reprinted by Octagon Books, 1965.

901:, Tacitus ascribed to the Germans the cultural superiority of the 563:

as a means to understand the material world. The protagonist is a

529:

who featured in the exotic-place tourism reported in the European

297:

By the 18th century, Montaigne's predecessor to the noble savage,

6492: 5243: 4834: 4458: 4408: 4275: 4180: 4018: 3916: 3820: 3736: 3660: 3652: 3515: 3244:

Beyond primitivism: indigenous religious traditions and modernity

3102:. New York: Kings Crown Press. Reprinted New York: Octagon Press. 1551: 1227: 1188:

Benjamin Franklin was critical of government indifference to the

848: 802: 700: 627: 518: 949:

On our arrival upon this coast we found there a savage race who

140:

as people living in the bellicose state of nature that precedes

4937: 4124: 3886: 3863: 3070: 1617: 1215: 1032:

The imperial politics of Western Europe featured debates about

942: 875: 760: 716: 398: 114: 4625: 2873:

Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (12 June 2010) “Facing up to radical Islam”,

2588:

Moore, "Reappraising Dickens's 'Noble Savage'"(2002): 236–243.

2492:

The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality

1315:

The Supposed Primitivism of Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality

646:

and that they did not have the social custom of telling lies.

102:, a sense of right and wrong conduct, which is based upon the 4509: 4324: 4053: 3911: 3640: 3315:"British and Indian Identities in a Picture by Benjamin West" 3024:

The Happy Beast in French Thought in the Seventeenth Century.

1088: 406: 141: 3100:

First Follow Nature: Primitivism in English Poetry 1725–1750

3045:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

3013:

The Pretend Indian: Images of Native Americans in the Movies

2347:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

2101:

The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory

1200:

in December 1763. Within weeks of the murders, he published

1177:

The Idea of Progress: an Inquiry into its Origins and Growth

1111:, of which the certain fruits are Justice and a happy life. 820:, Ghana, the protagonist is deceived and delivered into the 662:

as moral reproaches of the European monarchies fighting the

131:

as necessary because the condition of Man in the apolitical

4893: 3465: 2235:

David El Kenz,"Massacres During the Wars of Religion", 2007

2042: 2040: 922:

Et in Arcadia Ego: Poussin and the Elegiac Tradition (1936)

148:

organizing into the societies that compose a civilization.

145: 3053:

Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony.

4040: 3006:: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present 1081:

Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce de Lahontan, Baron de Lahontan

595:, called the Age of Discovery (1492–1800); thus with the 106:

and the emotions, and not based upon religious doctrine.

3324:

Rollins, Peter C. and John E. O'Connor, editors (1998).

3192:

Constant battles: the myth of the peaceful, noble savage

3008:. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 282–294, and passim. 2849:

War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage

2037: 1997:

Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory

1676:

War Before Civilization: the Myth of the Peaceful Savage

228:

counterpart to civilized Europeans in the 16th century.

109:

In the philosophic debates of 17th-century Britain, the

2693:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 168–190. 2643:

Douglas, Bronwen; Ballard, Chris, eds. (October 2008).

2349:(second ed.). New York: Cosimo Press. p. 111. 1393:

and slights or affronts were consequently visited with

851:, because the story, plot, and characters followed the 824:(16th–19th centuries), and Oroonoko becomes a slave of 458:

convince anyone that the poetic Indian — the Indian of

3230:

A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas

2059:

Moore, Grace "Reappraising Dickens's 'Noble Savage'",

1487:

For European art collectors, the American portraitist

3302:

The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and Other Essays

3087:

Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object

2146:(2008) Anja Hall Königshausen & Neumann, p. 0000. 1816:

Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America

1222:

who had been given shelter there, Franklin recruited

1202:

A Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County

682:

behavior was analogous to the religious barbarism of

2434: 2877:

magazine, Montreal, Canada. Retrieved 22 July 2022.

2624:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2615:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2606:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2597:

Dickens, Charles. "The Noble Savage" (1853) p. 000.

2134:(University of Nebraska Press , 2006), pp. 107–108. 1341:capable of "almost unlimited development", and the 1050:, which justified the central-government regime of 3328:Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press. 3284:The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature 2788: 2764: 2762: 2387: 1317:(1923), the academic Arthur O. Lovejoy said that: 847:proved to be political-protest literature against 806:of the noble savage are the subjects of the novel 78:(1660–1688) expanded Dryden's playwright usage of 2915:"Did This Extinct Human Species Commit Homicide?" 2416:"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America" 2103:Third Edition (1991) J.A. Cuddon, Ed. pp.588–589. 1999:Third Edition (1991) J.A. Cudon, Ed. pp. 588–589. 1211:in February 1764, with the intent of killing the 1079:. In his travelogue of North America, the writer 763:, which he presented as the opposite of cruelty. 707:As philosophic reportage, "Of Cannibals" applies 380:No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold! 7065: 3211:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1948 and 1960. 3093:The Noble Savage: A Study in Romantic Naturalism 3082:(Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press). 3031:Primitivism and Related Ideas in the Middle Ages 2860:See: Patrick Wolfe's opinion of Roger Sandall in 2338: 1285:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality Among Men 674:" (1580), Michel de Montaigne reported that the 587:(noble-savage natives) of the newly discovered " 378:Where slaves once more their native land behold, 3340:Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives 3242:Olupọna, Jacob Obafẹmi Kẹhinde, Editor. (2003) 2759: 2015:, University of Pittsburgh Press, p. 106, 1239:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America 491:The Leavenworth, Kansas, Times and Conservative 372:Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, a humbler heav'n; 159:, an ideal man born from the sentimentalism of 4436: 2686: 2642: 1400:Rousseau proposes reorganizing society with a 1107:As against society, he puts forward a sort of 622:mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the 521:, introduced the anthropologic concept of the 96:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury 71:as an archetype of Man-as-Creature-of-Nature. 4641: 3409: 1288:(1754), Rousseau said that in the primordial 971:sheds the blood of men who are all brothers. 364:Sees God in clouds, or hears Him in the wind; 328:The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 90:. Concerning civility and incivility, in the 3228:Lovejoy, Arthur O. and George Boas. (1935). 2245: 1711:, which discouraged Indigenous peoples from 1610: 990:The Adventures of Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 930:The Adventures of Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 374:Some safer world in depth of woods embrac'd, 366:His soul proud Science never taught to stray 306:"Servant-More-Clever-Than-the-Master" (e.g. 98:, said that men and women possess an innate 19:For broader usage of the word "savage", see 3356:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3216:Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity. 2309:(1771) London: Penguin Books, 1967, p. 292. 1668: 1422:le besoin de se mettre au dessus des autres 1335:le caractère spécifique de l'espèce humaine 1207:When the Paxton Boys led an armed march on 727:of honor of the Tupinambá people indicates 4648: 4634: 3454: 3416: 3402: 2266:Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity 2050:(Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 70. 2048:Locke, Hobbes, and Confusion's Masterpiece 1777:Native Americans in German popular culture 1438: 1430: 1425: 1390: 1374: 1292:, man was a solitary creature who was not 1167: 1158: 1120: 1112: 1104: 977: 972: 968: 964: 954: 950: 768: 764: 749: 740: 515:On the Origin and Situation of the Germans 427:In the royal coat of arms of Denmark, the 384:He asks no angel's wing, no seraph's fire: 3335:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 3214:Lovejoy, A. O. and Boas, George ( 1965). 3048:. (Reprint) New York: Cosimo Press, 2008. 2654: 2344: 885: 723:of Montaigne's humanist portrayal of the 579:in 1492, the Europeans employed the term 388:His faithful dog shall bear him company. 362:Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutor'd mind 271:When wild in woods the noble savage ran. 3275:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3178:The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. 2679: 2440: 2277:Erwin Panofsky, "Et in Arcadia Ego", in 2220:(London: Granta Books, 2007), pp. 81–82. 1650:, wherein the anthropologic category of 1564: 1498: 1482: 1345:, the capability of perfecting himself. 1261: 1257: 1083:, who had lived with the Huron Indians ( 787: 419: 376:Some happier island in the wat'ry waste, 370:Yet simple Nature to his hope has giv'n, 275: 259:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 237:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 230: 186: 123:(1651), in which Thomas Hobbes defended 117:response to the political philosophy of 60:The Conquest of Granada by the Spaniards 7104:Western (genre) staples and terminology 2912: 2851:(Oxford, University Press, 1996), p. 5. 2739: 2713: 2502:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, , at 2452:. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Gambit, Inc. 890: 882:of slave-powered European colonialism. 767:a sort of natural benevolence based on 591:" as ideological justification for the 386:But thinks, admitted to that equal sky, 151:In 18th-century anthropology, the term 7066: 3385:Peter Gay. "Breeding is Fundamental". 2995:. University of Nebraska Press , 2006. 2714:Johnson, Eric Michael (19 June 2012). 2535:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 2446:"Chapter 5: The Philosopher as Savage" 1605: 1406:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 1331:Discourse on the Origins of Inequality 690:further explains Montaigne's point of 507:In Western literature, the Roman book 497: 393:To the English intellectual Pope, the 267:I am as free as nature first made man, 6995:Romanticism and the French Revolution 4629: 4488: 3957: 3956: 3453: 3397: 3354:Europe and the People without History 3065:Edwards, Brendan Frederick R. (2008) 2820: 2394:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2385: 2379: 2231:Massacres During the Wars of Religion 2149: 2072: 2008: 1759:Racism in the work of Charles Dickens 1433:failed to realize fully how strongly 1266:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) by 859:. In the event, the Irish playwright 593:European colonization of the Americas 269:Ere the base laws of servitude began, 3423: 3194:. New York : St Martin's Press 3105: 3015:. Iowa State University Press, 1980* 2646:John Crawfurd – 'two separate races' 1752: 1577:identified the racial stereotype of 1274:Like the Earl of Shaftesbury in the 1245:as a synonym for indigenous people: 1183: 649: 533:of the 17th and the 18th centuries. 345:, both literary works presented the 3098:Fitzgerald, Margaret Mary ( 1976). 2890:30:138–155. Retrieved 21 July 2022. 2361:"A Narrative of the Late Massacres" 1782:Native American hobbyism in Germany 1715:into the dominant Western culture. 1520:of Africa are examples of the term 1437:tended to assume a collective form 1276:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 895:In the 1st century AD, in the book 703:and barbarous methods of execution. 570: 502: 382:To be, contents his natural desire; 368:Far as the solar walk or milky way; 357:portrays the American Indian thus: 301:was a stock character usual to the 224:presents "Nature's Gentleman", the 220:of Brazil, wherein the philosopher 111:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 92:Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit 13: 3331:Tinker, Chaunchy Brewster (1922). 3163:. Cleveland, Ohio: Meridian Books. 2716:"The Better Bonobos of Our Nature" 2196:(Cambridge University Press, 1982) 1457: 256:occurs in John Dryden's stageplay 14: 7115: 3361: 3171:: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage 3033:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 2798:. Primitivism.com. Archived from 2772:. Primitivism.com. Archived from 2740:Baldwin, Melinda (16 June 2019). 2306:The Expedition of Humphry Clinker 1170:his view is generally optimistic. 1040:worsened with the publication of 1020:The Expedition of Humphry Clinker 634:witnessed the enslavement of the 74:The intellectual politics of the 7048: 7047: 3349:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press 2770:"John Zerzan – Future Primitive" 2537:quoted in Lovejoy (1960), p. 27. 2335:(, 1969), pp. 13–14, and passim. 1638:between Anarcho-primitivism and 1503:The Noble Savage as stereotype: 1462:In 1853, in the weekly magazine 1027: 839:Despite Behn having written the 800:The themes about the person and 575:In the 15th century, soon after 4655: 3933:(self styled captain, braggart) 3091:Fairchild, Hoxie Neale (1928). 2955: 2931: 2913:Shermer, Michael (2016-01-01). 2906: 2893: 2880: 2867: 2862:The Anthropological Book Review 2854: 2841: 2814: 2733: 2707: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2571: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2408: 2353: 2325: 2312: 2297: 2284: 2271: 2268:, Baltimore, I, 1935. pp. 0000. 2258: 2239: 2223: 2210: 2199: 2186: 2173: 2137: 988:Encounter with the Mandurians, 3209:Essays in the History of Ideas 2633:Ellingson (2001), pp. 249–323. 2500:Essays in the History of Ideas 2124: 2106: 2093: 2066: 2053: 2028: 2002: 1989: 1942:Legend of the Rainbow Warriors 1721:Constant Battles: Why we fight 1198:Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 745:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 548:The Living Son of the Vigilant 525:to the Western World; later a 113:was the Earl of Shaftesbury's 1: 7099:Ethnic and racial stereotypes 7018:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 3338:Torgovnick, Marianna (1991). 3161:The European Mind (1690–1715) 2333:The European Mind (1680–1715) 1972: 1622:Seville Statement on Violence 1389:was already manifest in them 783: 536: 510:De origine et situ Germanorum 28:Noble Savage (disambiguation) 3345:Whitney, Lois Payne (1934). 3321:31: 3 (Spring 1998): 283–305 3080:The Myth of the Noble Savage 2281:(New York: Doubleday, 1955). 2264:Lovejoy, A. O. and Boas, G. 1099:Adario sings the praises of 809:Oroonoko: Or the Royal Slave 415:idealization and devaluation 248:The first usage of the term 7: 4437: 4304:Elderly martial arts master 3999:Hooker with a heart of gold 3173:. Oxford: University Press. 3166:Keeley, Lawrence H. (1996) 3118:University of Chicago Press 2746:Los Angeles Review of Books 2472:Lovejoy (1923, 1948) p. 21. 2115:(1860), by Horace Greeley. 1747: 1343:faculté de se perfectionner 1321:The notion that Rousseau’s 1009:described the Highlanders: 670:(1562–1598). In the essay " 517:, AD 98), by the historian 212:originated from the essay " 10: 7120: 6935:Coleridge's theory of life 4489: 3319:Eighteenth-Century Studies 2546:See Lovejoy (1960), p. 31. 2292:Telemachus, Son of Ulysses 2279:Meaning in the Visual Arts 1679:(1996), the archaeologist 1630:, such as the philosopher 559:, explores the subject of 343:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 182: 167:by satirizing the British 25: 18: 7027: 6990:Romanticism and economics 6927: 6819: 6566: 6388: 6333: 6302: 6226: 6175: 6124: 6083: 5992: 5936: 5900: 5854: 5845: 5690: 5634: 5583: 5542: 5501: 5455: 5397: 5267: 5146: 5068: 5005:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 4987: 4978: 4864: 4732: 4663: 4495: 4484: 4449: 4422: 4391: 4368: 4312: 4289: 4266: 4257: 4230: 4212: 4189: 4166: 4133: 4105: 4077: 4039: 3976: 3967: 3963: 3952: 3879: 3819: 3791: 3762: 3744: 3735: 3710: 3670: 3631: 3603: 3594: 3562: 3534: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3449: 3431: 3051:Edgerton, Robert (1992). 2821:Kalantzis, Konstantinos. 2162:(1989), Lexington Books, 2073:Kalantzis, Konstantinos. 1611:Supporters of primitivism 1151:History of the Two Indies 874:(1696) that stressed the 555:, 1160), by the polymath 519:Publius Cornelius Tacitus 353:” (1734), the Englishman 4770:German historical school 3313:Reinhardt, Leslie Kaye. 3190:LeBlanc, Steven (2003). 3078:Ellingson, Ter. (2001). 2034:OED s.v. "savage" B.3.a. 1669:Opponents of primitivism 1514:romanticised primitivism 976:abhorrence of flattery. 624:Viceroyalty of New Spain 577:arriving to the Americas 94:(1699), the philosopher 47:Myth of the Noble savage 21:Savage (pejorative term) 5417:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3246:. New York and London: 3176:Krech, Shepard (2000). 3169:War Before Civilization 2515:(Lovejoy (1960), p. 23) 2481:Ellingson, Ter. (2001). 2063:98:458 (2002): 236–243. 1740:who specializes in the 1585:, yet, as advocates of 1573:and the anthropologist 1569:In 1860, the physician 1323:Discourse on Inequality 880:cultural representation 668:French Wars of Religion 317:In English literature, 7094:Anti-indigenous racism 7000:Romanticism in science 6955:Middle Ages in history 6950:List of Romantic poets 5662:Josiah Gilbert Holland 4031:Manic Pixie Dream Girl 3455:By ethics and morality 3055:New York: Free Press. 3029:Boas, George ( 1997). 3022:Boas, George ( 1966). 3004:From Dawn to Decadence 2555:Lovejoy (1960), p. 36. 2524:Lovejoy (1960), p. 24. 2248:The Southern Quarterly 1935:A High Wind in Jamaica 1885:Master-slave dialectic 1562: 1547: 1508: 1496: 1455: 1398: 1327: 1271: 1251: 1181: 1164:savage state of nature 1134: 1069: 1025: 995: 925: 886:Uses of the stereotype 797: 781: 705: 632:Bartolomé de las Casas 479: 436: 391: 303:sentimental literature 289: 274: 240: 196: 129:centralized government 6970:Romantic epistemology 6960:Opium and Romanticism 5529:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 4755:Counter-Enlightenment 3352:Wolf, Eric R.(1982). 3235:Moore, Grace (2004). 2899:Malcolm, Ian (2002). 2649:. Epress.anu.edu.au. 2386:Kenny, Kevin (2009). 2218:How to Read Montaigne 2183:(1988) KILTV, p. 419. 1713:cultural assimilation 1634:, rely upon a strong 1565:Theories of racialism 1557: 1555:of the noble savage: 1534: 1502: 1486: 1410: 1395:vengeances terribles. 1358: 1319: 1280:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1265: 1258:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1247: 1237:In his 1784 pamphlet 1135: 1097: 1056: 1011: 947: 911: 853:narrative conventions 791: 734: 696: 481:Moreover, during the 455: 423: 359: 333:James Fenimore Cooper 319:British North America 279: 264: 234: 190: 7034:Age of Enlightenment 4676:England (literature) 3232:, vol. 1. Baltimore. 2847:Keely, Lawrence H. 2827:Current Anthropology 2206:Essay "Of Cannibals" 2130:Barnett, Louise, in 2079:Current Anthropology 1995:"The noble savage", 1628:Anarcho-primitivists 1530:racialist stereotype 915:natural state of man 891:Romantic primitivism 826:plantation colonists 822:Atlantic slave trade 721:Classical liberalism 684:burning at the stake 666:(1618–1648) and the 483:American Indian Wars 338:The Song of Hiawatha 335:, and the epic poem 216:" (1580), about the 26:For other uses, see 6985:Romantic psychology 4780:Hudson River School 4724:Sweden (literature) 4709:Russia (literature) 4245:Princess and dragon 4143:Princesse lointaine 3643:(servants, clowns: 3613:Gentleman detective 3017:Berkhofer, Robert F 2919:Scientific American 2720:Scientific American 2656:10.22459/FB.11.2008 2566:The Red Man's Bones 2422:. National Archives 2367:. National Archives 1978:Informational notes 1890:Primitive Communism 1875:Cultural relativism 1851:Uncontacted peoples 1811:Positive stereotype 1648:Richard Borshay Lee 1606:Modern perspectives 1524:used as a means of 1109:primitive Communism 872:Oroonoko: A Tragedy 794:Oroonoko: A Tragedy 771:personal feelings. 729:Western philosophic 709:cultural relativism 599:stereotypes of the 527:cultural stereotype 498:Cultural stereotype 321:was the geographic 286:Jonathan Richardson 222:Michel de Montaigne 4970:White Mountain art 4911:Historical fiction 4719:Spain (literature) 4530:Identity formation 4320:American mappillai 4232:Damsel in distress 4014:Magical girlfriend 3919:(wealthy old men, 3389:. April / May 2009 3205:Lovejoy, Arthur O. 3180:New York: Norton. 3085:Fabian, Johannes. 2943:www.thecrimson.com 2888:Aboriginal History 2802:on 31 January 2009 2578:"The Noble Savage" 2442:Johansen, Bruce E. 2345:J.B. Bury (2008). 2303:Smollett, Tobias, 1913:Cultural examples: 1742:American Southwest 1738:Harvard University 1718:In the 2003 book, 1697:designer tribalism 1681:Lawrence H. Keeley 1509: 1497: 1474:Charles Baudelaire 1272: 863:adapted the novel 798: 583:to dehumanise the 437: 299:nature's gentleman 290: 254:English literature 241: 197: 161:moral sense theory 157:nature's gentleman 82:to denote a human 76:Stuart Restoration 7089:Cultural concepts 7061: 7060: 6975:Romantic medicine 6945:List of romantics 6384: 6383: 6035:Felix Mendelssohn 6030:Fanny Mendelssohn 5841: 5840: 5555:Rosalía de Castro 5493:Soares dos Passos 4841:Transcendentalism 4805:Nazarene movement 4765:Düsseldorf School 4623: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4500:Adolescent clique 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4253: 4252: 3989:Farmer's daughter 3958:By sex and gender 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3731: 3730: 3590: 3589: 3511:Mythological king 3264:978-0-415-27319-0 3186:978-0-393-32100-5 3061:978-0-02-908925-5 2991:Barnett, Louise. 2963:"Ignoble Savages" 2864:, September 2001. 2331:See Paul Hazard, 1969: 1968: 1948:Lord of the Flies 1653:primitive society 1583:scientific racism 1581:as an example of 1299:Moreover, as the 1184:Benjamin Franklin 1130:The European Mind 1052:absolute monarchy 792:In the stageplay 664:Thirty Years' War 650:Kingdom of France 640:Valladolid debate 541:The 12th-century 531:travel literature 425:The Noble savage: 125:absolute monarchy 57:of the stageplay 7111: 7079:Multiculturalism 7074:Stock characters 7051: 7050: 7010:Evolution theory 5852: 5851: 4985: 4984: 4846:Ukrainian school 4650: 4643: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4546:Little green men 4535:Imaginary friend 4486: 4485: 4442: 4264: 4263: 4204:Mammy stereotype 4158:Yamato nadeshiko 3974: 3973: 3965: 3964: 3954: 3953: 3829:Bug-eyed monster 3793:Social Darwinist 3742: 3741: 3718:Good cop/bad cop 3601: 3600: 3471: 3470: 3462: 3461: 3451: 3450: 3425:Stock characters 3418: 3411: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3153: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2910: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2858: 2852: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2766: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2658: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2538: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2496:Modern Philology 2488: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2393: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2342: 2336: 2329: 2323: 2316: 2310: 2301: 2295: 2288: 2282: 2275: 2269: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2243: 2237: 2229:El Kenz, David. 2227: 2221: 2214: 2208: 2203: 2197: 2192:Anthony Pagden, 2190: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2051: 2046:Harrison, Ross. 2044: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2006: 2000: 1993: 1821:Racial fetishism 1753: 1658:social hierarchy 1644:Marshall Sahlins 1579:the noble savage 1528:a person into a 1480:and manliness." 1440: 1432: 1427: 1392: 1376: 1307:Jacobin radicals 1192:massacre of the 1179: 1169: 1160: 1132: 1122: 1114: 1106: 1101:Natural Religion 1067: 1038:hard primitivism 1034:soft primitivism 1023: 993: 979: 974: 970: 966: 956: 952: 935:François Fénelon 923: 861:Thomas Southerne 855:of the European 770: 766: 751: 742: 692:moral philosophy 676:Tupinambá people 644:social etiquette 571:Kingdom of Spain 561:natural theology 503:The Roman Empire 487:Cheyenne Indians 411:natural religion 397:was an abstract 218:Tupinambá people 138:Native Americans 7119: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7064: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7056: 7045: 7037: 7023: 6980:Romantic poetry 6965:Romantic ballet 6940:German idealism 6923: 6889:Lacoue-Labarthe 6815: 6562: 6380: 6329: 6298: 6279:Rimsky-Korsakov 6222: 6171: 6120: 6079: 5988: 5932: 5896: 5837: 5686: 5630: 5579: 5538: 5497: 5451: 5393: 5334:Maria Edgeworth 5270: 5263: 5142: 5064: 4974: 4953:Romantic genius 4883:Gesamtkunstwerk 4860: 4821:Sturm und Drang 4728: 4659: 4654: 4624: 4615: 4491: 4468: 4445: 4418: 4387: 4370:Prince Charming 4364: 4360:Superfluous man 4355:Nice Jewish boy 4308: 4285: 4249: 4226: 4208: 4191:Lady-in-waiting 4185: 4162: 4129: 4101: 4073: 4059:Fairy godmother 4035: 3959: 3936: 3875: 3815: 3787: 3758: 3727: 3706: 3685:Gentleman thief 3666: 3659: and 3627: 3586: 3558: 3530: 3456: 3445: 3427: 3422: 3375:The Blank Slate 3364: 3359: 3269:Pagden, Anthony 2999:Barzun, Jacques 2985:Further reading 2982: 2981: 2972: 2970: 2967:National Review 2961: 2960: 2956: 2947: 2945: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2921: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2855: 2846: 2842: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2776:on 2 April 2009 2768: 2767: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2572: 2568:(0000), p. 326. 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2420:Founders Online 2414: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2365:Founders Online 2359: 2358: 2354: 2343: 2339: 2330: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2302: 2298: 2289: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2259: 2244: 2240: 2228: 2224: 2216:Cave, Terence. 2215: 2211: 2204: 2200: 2191: 2187: 2178: 2174: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2098: 2094: 2071: 2067: 2058: 2054: 2045: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2007: 2003: 1994: 1990: 1975: 1970: 1928:Brave New World 1920:The Blue Lagoon 1900:State of nature 1895:Social progress 1826:Romantic racism 1792:Objectification 1750: 1671: 1636:ethical dualism 1613: 1608: 1598:term to modern 1567: 1541: 1537: 1465:Household Words 1460: 1458:Charles Dickens 1402:social contract 1290:state of nature 1260: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1133: 1127: 1068: 1063: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1007:Tobias Smollett 994: 987: 980: 959: 924: 921: 909:explains that: 893: 888: 834:slave rebellion 786: 652: 573: 553:Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān 539: 505: 500: 468: 467: 431:(woodwose) who 395:American Indian 390: 387: 385: 383: 381: 379: 377: 375: 373: 371: 369: 367: 365: 363: 351:An Essay on Man 323:locus classicus 273: 270: 268: 206:stock character 193:stock character 185: 169:romanticisation 133:state of nature 67:represents the 51:stock character 31: 24: 17: 16:Stock character 12: 11: 5: 7117: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7059: 7058: 7038: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6931: 6929: 6928:Related topics 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6656:Gallen-Kallela 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6631:David d'Angers 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6572: 6570: 6568:Visual artists 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6528:Schleiermacher 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 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5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5189:Brothers Grimm 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5074: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4891: 4889:Gothic fiction 4886: 4879: 4877:British Marine 4874: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4775:Gothic revival 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4596:Tragic mulatto 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4571:Shoulder angel 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4542:("The Lovers") 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4434: 4428: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4148:Southern belle 4145: 4139: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4079:Hawksian woman 4075: 4074: 4072: 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5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5379:P. B. Shelley 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5359:Mary Robinson 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5088:Chateaubriand 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4917:Mal du siècle 4914: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4606:Village idiot 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4551:Magical Negro 4549: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4383:Knight-errant 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4345:Little Johnny 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4330:Ivan the Fool 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4291:Father figure 4288: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4107:Woman warrior 4104: 4098: 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1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693:Roger Sandall 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571:John Crawfurd 1561: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1506: 1501: 1494: 1490: 1489:George Catlin 1485: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470:George Catlin 1467: 1466: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1436: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1366:primitivistic 1363: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1264: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:Susquehannock 1191: 1178: 1171: 1165: 1156: 1155:negro slavery 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1131: 1128:Paul Hazard, 1124: 1118: 1110: 1102: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1048:Thomas Hobbes 1045: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1028:Thomas Hobbes 1021: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 991: 984: 981: 960: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931: 927:In the novel 918: 916: 910: 908: 904: 900: 899: 883: 881: 877: 873: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:romance novel 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:popular novel 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 810: 805: 804: 795: 790: 780: 778: 777:Louvre Palace 772: 762: 758: 752: 746: 739: 733: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 704: 702: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 630:, the priest 629: 625: 621: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 549: 544: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 511: 495: 492: 488: 484: 478: 476: 472: 465: 461: 454: 452: 447: 439: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 389: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 339: 334: 330: 329: 324: 320: 315: 313: 309: 304: 300: 292: 291: 287: 283: 278: 272: 263: 261: 260: 255: 251: 243: 242: 238: 233: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 199: 198: 194: 189: 180: 176: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155:then denoted 154: 149: 147: 143: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 72: 70: 66: 62: 61: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 29: 22: 7084:Anthropology 7046: 7039: 7032: 7016: 6736:Porto-Alegre 6390:Philosophers 6274:Rachmaninoff 5723:Chavchavadze 5713:Baratashvili 5473:João de Deus 5442:Wincenty Pol 5234:Küchelbecker 4962: 4928:Noble savage 4915: 4881: 4856:Wallenrodism 4833: 4819: 4750:Coppet group 4684:(literature) 4611:White savior 4581:Straight man 4515:Dragonslayer 4464:Black knight 4432:Seme and uke 4414:Mountain man 4404:Noble savage 4299:Wise old man 4120:Magical girl 4092:Femme fatale 4069:Loathly lady 4024:Monster girl 3869:Nazi zombies 3844:Monster girl 3811:Supervillain 3773:Double agent 3746:Antivillains 3700:Space pirate 3633:Tricky slave 3580:Space marine 3544:Byronic hero 3526:Youngest son 3474:Classic hero 3386: 3378: 3374: 3353: 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Schlegel 6518:A. Schlegel 6294:Tchaikovsky 6183:Bortkiewicz 6055:R. Schumann 6050:C. Schumann 6015:Kalkbrenner 5984:Saint-Saëns 5289:Anne Brontë 5174:Eichendorff 5159:B. v. Arnim 5154:A. v. Arnim 4964:Weltschmerz 4923:Medievalism 4872:Blue flower 4800:Nationalist 4745:Bohemianism 4657:Romanticism 4556:Mole people 4399:Feral child 4281:Scaramouche 4153:Valley girl 4115:Jungle girl 4087:Dragon Lady 4064:La Ruffiana 4009:Loosu ponnu 3931:Il Capitano 3554:Tragic hero 3506:Legacy hero 3481:Action hero 2875:The Gazette 2806:13 November 2780:13 November 1836:Feral child 1806:Pelagianism 1797:Orientalism 1767:(Montaigne) 1734:archaeology 1724:written by 1632:John Zerzan 1447:nationality 1224:associators 1190:Paxton Boys 1175:J.B. 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Ashgate. 3095:(New York) 3072:Our Legacy 3040:Bury, J.B. 2973:2024-09-04 2948:2024-09-04 2924:2024-09-04 2672:2009-02-23 2533:Rousseau, 2494:(1923) in 2254:: 196–206. 1973:References 1880:Golden Age 1685:golden age 1587:polygenism 1575:James Hunt 1505:Sha-có-pay 1418:Mandeville 1379:Aphra Behn 1302:philosophe 1232:Germantown 1226:including 958:fugitives. 869:stage play 814:Aphra Behn 784:Literature 557:Ibn Tufail 543:Andalusian 537:Al-Andalus 464:Longfellow 288:, c. 1736) 84:wild beast 43:literature 39:philosophy 7041:Modernism 6701:Kiprensky 6661:Géricault 6646:Friedrich 6636:Delacroix 6611:Constable 6591:Bonington 6581:Bierstadt 6533:Senancour 6508:Schelling 6463:Lamennais 6458:Khomyakov 6423:Coleridge 6418:Chaadayev 6325:Stanković 6320:Mokranjac 6239:Balakirev 6198:Moniuszko 6147:Donizetti 6142:Cherubini 6040:Meyerbeer 6025:Marschner 6000:Beethoven 5913:Moscheles 5847:Musicians 5833:Wergeland 5798:Orbeliani 5753:Grundtvig 5657:Hawthorne 5626:Zhukovsky 5621:Vyazemsky 5606:Lermontov 5565:Gutiérrez 5524:Radičević 5488:Herculano 5412:Krasiński 5354:Radcliffe 5324:Coleridge 5299:E. Brontë 5294:C. Brontë 5224:Jean Paul 5219:Hölderlin 5108:Lamartine 5045:Magalhães 5035:Guimarães 4943:Pantheism 4933:Nostalgia 4785:Indianism 4733:Movements 4664:Countries 4601:Truck-kun 4505:Barbarian 4439:Otokonoko 4392:Primitive 4268:Harlequin 4259:Masculine 4214:Geek girl 4199:Columbina 4135:Queen bee 3921:Pantalone 3892:Archenemy 3801:Dark lord 3783:Terrorist 3778:Evil twin 3649:Brighella 3645:Harlequin 3623:Trickster 3570:Cyberhero 3549:Man alone 3521:Superhero 3496:Folk hero 3441:Archetype 3342:(Chicago) 3287:. 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