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160:"Those who associate 'heroic drama' primarily with the use of the 'heroic couplet' usually set as its extent the years from 1664 to 1678. This, certainly, is its period of fullest development and authority. Those who prefer to accentuate the elements suggested by the very term 'heroic' rather than the strict rhymed verse form are willing to admit wider limits." Restoration plays by Sir
261:. The satire was successful enough that heroic drama largely disappeared afterwards. Buckingham attacked the stupidity of blustering, military heroes, as well as the apparent self-importance of attempting a dramatic entertainment about the serious subjects of military and national history.
107:(closed couplets in iambic pentameter). Second, the play must focus on a subject that pertains to national foundations, mythological events, or important and grand matters. Third, the hero of the heroic drama must be powerful, decisive, and, like
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interest in creating a "pure" drama. The character of Bayes is ludicrous more for his hubris in damning actual plays in favour of imagined ones than he is for being a poetaster.
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for the stage, that, as the epic was to other poetry, so the heroic drama was to other plays. Consequently, Dryden derived a series of rules for this type of play.
216:) did not match English theatrical history or practice. The emphasis on unities and on maintaining only Classically proscribed dramatic forms also came from
45:, distinguished by both its verse structure and its subject matter. The subgenre of heroic drama evolved through several works of the middle to later 1660s;
252:
244:, tragedy and satire, and so Dryden was seeking to square actual theatrical practice with an ancient framework for literature.
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is often considered one of the better heroic tragedies, but his highest achievement is his adaptation (which he called
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was known to be fond of
Spanish plays), and the hero, Almanzor, was a man of great martial prowess and temperament.
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critics. There was little dramatic critical theory for him to appeal to, and the new rules brought over from
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to the printed version of the play, Dryden argued that the drama was a species of
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Today, drama is divided up into numerous subgenres; Dryden, however, worked from
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followed all of these rules. The story was that of the national foundation of
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English Drama of the
Restoration and Eighteenth Century, 1642–1780
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is a fine tragedy that transcends the usual limitations of the form.
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to the heroic formula. Other heroic dramatists were
Nathaniel Lee (
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is partly Dryden's bombastic verse but, more pointedly, Dryden's
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The term "heroic drama" was invented by Dryden for his play,
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Heroes and States: On the
Ideology of Restoration Tragedy
26:, who formulated and wrote the heroic drama in the 1670s.
195:
307:, Lexington, KY, University Press of Kentucky, 2000.
220:, who condemned the heterogeneity of the stage.
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292:Ideas of Greatness: Heroic Drama in England
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329:Nettleton, pp. 24-9; Waith, pp. 235-86.
253:George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
338:
103:First, the play should be composed in
255:and others satirised heroic drama in
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264:Buckingham's criticism of Dryden in
320:, New York, Macmillan, 1914; p. 23.
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196:Heroic drama in literary criticism
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111:, dominating even when wrong.
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1:
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294:, London, Routledge, 1971.
346:English Restoration plays
134:, 1678) of Shakespeare's
72:) were key developments.
316:George Henry Nettleton,
303:John Douglas Canfield,
208:(particularly those of
113:The Conquest of Granada
83:The Conquest of Granada
27:
184:, and later works by
136:Anthony and Cleopatra
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240:also wrote only of
224:had only spoken of
128:Conquest of Granada
52:The Indian Emperour
37:popular during the
248:Satirical response
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290:Eugene M. Waith,
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361:1670s in England
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162:William Davenant
156:Other dramatists
149:Venice Preserv'd
140:The Rival Queens
65:The Black Prince
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132:All for Love
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105:heroic verse
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90:). For the
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31:Heroic drama
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29:
356:1670s plays
174:John Crowne
97:epic poetry
47:John Dryden
39:Restoration
24:John Dryden
340:Categories
278:References
182:John Banks
222:Aristotle
210:Corneille
202:Classical
126:Dryden's
272:personal
146:, whose
109:Achilles
366:Tragedy
234:tragedy
214:Boileau
92:Preface
43:England
41:era in
242:comedy
238:Horace
236:, and
232:, and
226:satire
206:France
180:, and
142:) and
59:) and
351:Drama
119:(and
117:Spain
230:epic
212:and
188:and
88:1670
70:1667
57:1665
35:play
49:'s
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228:,
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86:(
68:(
55:(
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