1144:. But, after full inquiry and impartial reflection, we have long been convinced that he deserved as much love and esteem as can be justly claimed by any of our infirm and erring race. Some blemishes may undoubtedly be detected in his character; but the more carefully it is examined, the more it will appear, to use the phrase of the old anatomists, sound in the noble parts, free from all taint of perfidy, of cowardice, of cruelty, of ingratitude, of envy. Men may easily be named, in whom some particular good disposition has been more conspicuous than in Addison. But the just harmony of qualities, the exact temper between the stern and the humane virtues, the habitual observance of every law, not only of moral rectitude, but of moral grace and dignity, distinguish him from all men who have been tried by equally strong temptations, and about whose conduct we possess equally full information."
146:
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894:
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678:
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865:, one of Cato's warriors, loves Cato's daughter Marcia. Meanwhile, Sempronius, a senator, and Syphax, a general of the Numidians, are conspiring secretly against Cato, hoping to prevent the Numidian army from supporting him. In the final act, Cato commits suicide, leaving his followers to make their peace with the approaching army of Caesar – an easier task after Cato's death, since he was Caesar's most implacable enemy.
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Addison's character has been described as kind and magnanimous, albeit somewhat cool and unimpassioned, with a tendency for convivial excess. His appealing manners and conversation contributed to his general popularity. He often put his friends under obligations for substantial favours, but he showed
1081:
Following the Duke of
Marlborough's successful campaign of 1706, the Duke and George Stepney became the first English regents of the Anglo-Dutch condominium for governing the southern Netherlands. It was Stepney who formally took possession of the principality of Mindelheim in the Duke's name on 26
551:
in power, Addison was made Under-Secretary of State and accompanied Lord
Halifax on a diplomatic mission to Hannover, Germany. A biography of Addison states: "In the field of his foreign responsibilities Addison's views were those of a good Whig. He had always believed that England's power depended
971:
began publication on 1 March of that year, and it continued – being issued daily, and achieving great popularity – until 6 December 1712. It exercised an influence over the reading public of the time, and
Addison soon became the leading partner in it, contributing 274 essays out of a total of 635;
1076:
One said that this was showing no honour to His Grace but to a posterity that he was not concern'd in. Casar ... hoped ye Duke tho he had ben
Victorious over the Enemy would not think of being so over a House of Commons: wch was said in pursuance to a Motion made by some of the Craftier sort that
1093:
I very much liked your last paper upon the
Courtship that is usually paid to the fair sex. I wish you had reserved the Letter in this days paper concerning Indecencies at Church for an entire piece. It wd have made as good a one as any you have published. Your Reflections upon Almanza are very
825:, saying that the French people may yet be obliged to go through more changes and "to pass, as one of our poets says, 'through great varieties of untried being,'" before their state obtains its final form. The poet referred to is Addison and the passage quoted is from
1139:
As a man, he may not have deserved the adoration which he received from those who, bewitched by his fascinating society, and indebted for all the comforts of life to his generous and delicate friendship, worshiped him nightly, in his favourite temple at
1106:
I am something troubled that you have not sent away ye
Letters received from Ireland to my Lord Lieutenant, particularly that from Mr Forster with the Enclosed petition about the Light House, which I hope will be delivered to the House before my
1077:
would not oppose the proposition directly but turn it off by a Side-Wind pretending that it being a money affaire it should be refer'd to a
Committee of the whole House wch in all probability would have defeated the whole affaire....
2145:
1082:
May, after the Battle of
Ramillies. Upon Marlborough's return to London in November, Parliament accepted the Duke's request that a grant of £5,000 'out of ye Post-Office' be made in perpetuity to his heirs.
726:
The play was a success throughout the
British Empire. It continued to grow in popularity, especially in America, for several generations. It is cited by some historians as a literary inspiration for the
501:, took an interest in Addison's work and obtained for him a pension of £300 a year to enable him to travel to Europe with a view to diplomatic employment, all the time writing and studying politics.
901:
The later part of
Addison's life was not without its troubles. In 1716, he married Charlotte, Dowager Countess of Warwick, after working for a time as a tutor for her son. He then lived at
2095:
2090:
2080:
2045:
1054:
died, and in a file cabinet next to his laundry room a collection of a thousand letters was found, some of them of interest to historians. Two of them were written by Joseph Addison.
832:
Though the play has fallen from popularity and is now rarely performed, it was popular and often cited in the eighteenth century, with Cato being an example of republican virtue and
2140:
1928:
2005:
619:; its first issue appeared on 1 March 1711. This paper, which was originally a daily, was published until 20 December 1714, interrupted for a year by the publication of
1920:
1896:
2150:
2125:
976:, which began in 1713. Addison is the originator of the quote, "Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body". The quote can be found in Issue 147 of the
1042:
2050:
963:, while Steele wrote 188. Regarding Addison's help, Steele remarked, "when I had once called him in, I could not subsist without dependence on him". The
955:
It is as an essayist that Addison is remembered today. He began writing essays quite casually. In April 1709, his childhood friend Richard Steele started the
936:. After his death, an apocryphal story circulated that Addison, on his deathbed, had sent for his wastrel stepson to witness how a Christian man meets death.
1563:
1911:
1879:
921:, was an unfriendly rake. Addison's shyness in public limited his effectiveness as a member of Parliament. He eventually fell out with Steele over the
572:
1960:
2105:
1117:
great forbearance toward his few enemies. His essays are noted for their clarity and elegant style, as well as their cheerful and respectful humour.
2100:
2025:
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upon her wealth, her wealth upon her commerce, and her commerce upon the freedom of the seas and the checking of the power of France and Spain."
1758:
910:
366:
1965:
2000:
1337:
861:(46 BC). The noble sons of Cato, Portius and Marcus, are both in love with Lucia, the daughter of Lucius, an ally of Cato. Juba, prince of
2110:
1359:
2035:
1861:
1834:
1800:
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347:
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in a letter: "It is not in the power of any man to command success; but you have done more – you have deserved it."
508:, an event which lost him his pension, as his influential contacts, Halifax and Somers, had lost their employment with the Crown.
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1849:
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In 1718, Addison was forced to resign as Secretary of State because of his poor health, but he remained an MP until his death at
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715:, logic versus emotion, and Cato's personal struggle to retain his beliefs in the face of death. It has a prologue written by
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732:
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100:
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in 1712. It is sung either to the tune known as "London (Addison's)" by John Sheeles, written c. 1720, or to "Creation" by
72:
2065:
1838:
428:
magazine. His simple prose style marked the end of the mannerisms and conventional classical images of the 17th century.
2020:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
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79:
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1520:
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Reflections on the revolution in France, and on the proceedings of certain societies in London relative to that event
1324:
119:
533:, which was received with such satisfaction that he was appointed Commissioner of Appeals in Halifax's government.
2010:
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2015:
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wrote this generous tribute to Addison, which was published in 1866, seven years after Macaulay's death in 1859:
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244:
53:
86:
2060:
1900:
461:
414:(1 May 1672 – 17 May 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was the eldest son of
216:
57:
2040:
1875:
1866:
1854:
1805:
1720:
483:, and his first major work, a book of the lives of English poets, was published in 1694. His translation of
1693:
1487:
829:(V.i. II): "Through what variety of untried being, through what new scenes and changes must we pass!"
68:
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1776:
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1995:
1990:
1812:
1789:
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Addison explains that the motion was opposed by Misters Annesley, Ward, Casar, and Sir William Vevian.
758:
Scholars have identified the inspiration for several famous quotations from the American Revolution in
560:
1594:
1583:
1259:
902:
642:
521:
Addison returned to England at the end of 1703. For more than a year he remained unemployed, but the
20:
1102:("I am much obliged to you for yor Letters relating to Sackeverell"), and the Light House petition:
1768:
1141:
473:
1751:
997:
837:
46:
1678:
Joseph Addison in The Digital Encyclopedia of British Sociability in the Long Eighteenth Century
1611:
1020:, a genre that would become more common later in the century. He also left an incomplete work,
841:
568:
505:
1506:
1432:
1374:
893:
1887:
1651:
988:
984:
609:
24:
1512:
The Secret Life of Things: Animals, Objects, and It-narratives in Eighteenth-century England
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1907:
1845:
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615:
424:
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1419:
811:"'Tis not in mortals to command success; but we'll do more, Sempronius, we'll deserve it."
525:
in 1704 gave him a fresh opportunity to distinguish himself. The government, specifically
8:
1932:
1558:
1342:
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The letter concludes with references to impeachment proceedings against Addison's friend
1062:
1016:(1733–1802). His essay "Adventures of a Shilling" (1710) is a brief, early example of an
728:
621:
457:
453:
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1319:. ed. Christine Dunn Henderson & Mark E. Yellin. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004.
682:
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529:, commissioned Addison to write a commemorative poem about the battle, and he produced
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and renewed his friendship with Richard Steele. In 1709, Steele began to publish the
449:
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made Addison an object of derision, naming him "Atticus", and comparing him to an
1510:
1361:
Greeks & Romans Bearing Gifts: How the Ancients Inspired the Founding Fathers
801:
694:
324:
155:
1587:
707:, it deals with conflicts such as individual liberty versus government tyranny,
2146:
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cavan constituencies
1602:
1066:
992:
854:
776:"It is not now time to talk of aught/But chains or conquest, liberty or death."
716:
653:
651:, which had a disastrous premiere in London in 1707. In 1713 Addison's tragedy
600:
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1944:
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which was translated into French by eighteenth-century priest and journalist
929:
766:
708:
591:
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1032:
418:. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend
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A second letter, written to Richard Steele, was also found, concerning the
1051:
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906:
882:
818:
786:'s valediction: "I regret that I have but one life to give for my country."
744:
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Remarks on several parts of Italy, &c., in the years 1701, 1702, 1703
494:
480:
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Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in The Years 1701, 1702, 1703
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The first reported on a debate in the House of Commons about a grant to
555:
In 1708 and 1709, Addison was a Member of Parliament for the borough of
1667:
1568:
991:, a grammatical construction that ends a sentence with a preposition.
917:
was much criticised. His wife was arrogant and imperious; his stepson,
712:
456:. His father was a scholarly English clergyman. Joseph was educated at
313:
203:
987:
to reprove Addison for what he called an "Addisonian Termination", or
677:
983:
The breezy, conversational style of the essays later prompted Bishop
939:
On 6 April 1808, Middletown, a town in upstate New York, was renamed
857:, awaiting the attack of Caesar immediately following his victory at
821:
quoted the play in a letter to Charles-Jean-François Depont entitled
580:
465:
441:
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in Ireland and remained there for a year. Later, he helped form the
35:
1634:
1552: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
844:
were inspired by the play to write an epistolary exchange entitled
638:
489:
292:
1630:
1548:
850:(1720–1723), concerning individual rights, using the name "Cato".
793:"What a pity it is/That we can die but once to serve our country."
751:, "no single work of literature may have been more important than
685:, in the role of Cato, revived at Covent Garden in 1816, drawn by
657:
was produced, and was received with acclamation by both Whigs and
536:
His next literary venture was an account of his travels in Italy,
1297:"Thomas Clayton and the Introduction of Italian Opera to England"
862:
858:
833:
437:
183:
1156:
613:, and Addison became a regular contributor. In 1711, they began
1065:. The letter was written on the day of the debate, probably to
484:
1040:
16:
English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician (1672–1719)
2096:
Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies
874:
2091:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Lostwithiel
2081:
Writers from the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
2046:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Malmesbury
1437:, p. 148. Haskell House Publishers, first published 1865.
504:
While, in Switzerland, in 1702, he heard of the death of
464:. He excelled in classics, being specially noted for his
1123:
portrayed Addison and Steele as characters in his novel
769:'s famous ultimatum: "Give me liberty or give me death!"
2141:
History of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
1447:
Steele, Sir Richard; Addison, Joseph (18 March 1710),
1434:
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Sir Richard Steele
932:, London, on 17 June 1719 (aged 47). He was buried in
853:
The action of the play involves the forces of Cato at
567:. Under the direction of Wharton, he was an MP in the
1564:
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
1152:
972:
Steele wrote 236. Addison also assisted Steele with
595:
Joseph Addison: engraving after the Kneller portrait
460:, London, where he first met Richard Steele, and at
2006:
People educated at King Edward VI School, Lichfield
1507:"It-Narrators and Circulation: Defining a Subgenre"
909:. His political career continued, and he served as
877:"The Spacious Firmament on High", publishing it in
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
791:(Supposed reference to Act IV, Scene 4:
774:(Supposed reference to Act II, Scene 4:
1942:
1050:In 2005, an Austrian banker and collector named
1005:, "willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike".
2151:18th-century English dramatists and playwrights
2126:18th-century British dramatists and playwrights
1598:. Vol. I (9th ed.). pp. 146–150.
661:. He followed this effort with a comedic play,
1759:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
1652:"Archival material relating to Joseph Addison"
1364:, p. 151. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
911:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
809:(Clear reference to Act I, Scene 2:
755:" for the leaders of the American revolution.
575:from 1709 until 1713. In 1710, he represented
367:Secretary of State for the Southern Department
2051:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
1535:"Essay on the Life and Writings of Addison",
1455:, Oxford University Press, pp. 331–335,
1446:
947:in West Kensington was also named after him.
699:In 1712, Addison wrote his most famous work,
559:. He was soon appointed secretary to the new
1567:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via
1338:On Life, Liberty, and Other Quotable Matters
583:, holding the seat until his death in 1719.
1234:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1194:Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Arts
913:from 1717 to 1718. His political newspaper
431:
1660:
743:during the difficult winter of 1777–78 at
144:
1646:Joseph Addison's Grave, Westminster Abbey
1354:
1352:
1198:. USA: Oxford University Press. pp.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2106:18th-century English non-fiction writers
1582:
1379:, p. 232. Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday.
1286:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954), p. 382.
1031:
892:
739:sponsored a performance of Cato for the
676:
590:
493:was published in the same year. Dryden,
2101:Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
2026:English male dramatists and playwrights
1515:. Cranbury, NJ: Rosemont. p. 119.
1504:
1498:
1412:
1257:
1189:
1059:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
1045:
959:. Addison contributed 42 essays to the
823:Reflections on the revolution in France
444:, but soon after his birth his father,
2056:People educated at Charterhouse School
1943:
1349:
379:12 April 1717 – 14 March 1718
1961:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford
888:
499:Charles Montague, 1st Earl of Halifax
19:For the 20th-century ambassador, see
1966:British magazine publishers (people)
1317:Cato: A Tragedy, and Selected Essays
967:was discontinued on 2 January 1711.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2001:Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
586:
516:
13:
1668:History of Henry Esmond - Thackery
1449:"No. 147 Saturday, March 18, 1710"
1246:Coverley Papers from The Spectator
1014:Simon-Jérôme Bourlet de Vauxcelles
625:in 1713. His last publication was
14:
2167:
2111:18th-century English male writers
1576:
897:Addison in 1719, the year he died
873:Addison wrote the popular church
629:, a political paper, in 1715–16.
2036:English male non-fiction writers
1638:
1622:Works by or about Joseph Addison
1547:
1390:"The Spacious Firmament on High"
1231:Dictionary of National Biography
1155:
1018:it-narrative or object narrative
479:In 1693, he addressed a poem to
401:
34:
1539:vol. V (1866) Hurd and Houghton
1529:
1476:
1440:
1426:
1382:
1367:
1061:, and his heirs, following the
950:
45:needs additional citations for
2136:18th-century British essayists
1461:10.1093/oseo/instance.00044641
1330:
1309:
1289:
1276:
1251:
1238:
1216:
1183:
452:and the family moved into the
1:
2131:Chief Secretaries for Ireland
2121:18th-century writers in Latin
1272:– via Internet Archive.
1190:Norwich, John Julius (1990).
1176:
731:, being known to many of the
705:Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis
159:
2156:Burials at Westminster Abbey
2116:18th-century English writers
1509:. In Blackwell, Mark (ed.).
1248:. New York, 1964: Macmillan.
703:. Based on the last days of
7:
1777:Parliament of Great Britain
1728:Chief Secretary for Ireland
1701:Chief Secretary for Ireland
1637:(public domain audiobooks)
1148:
1126:The History of Henry Esmond
1111:
1027:
1008:He wrote an essay entitled
462:The Queen's College, Oxford
217:The Queen's College, Oxford
10:
2172:
2066:Writers from Staffordshire
1284:The Life of Joseph Addison
1264:. London: J. and R. Tonson
692:
561:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
18:
2021:British magazine founders
1925:
1905:
1893:
1886:
1872:
1843:
1831:
1817:
1794:
1782:
1775:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1495:"Addisonian Termination".
1488:The Reader's Encyclopedia
1422:. British History Online.
1358:Richard, Carl J. (2009).
1022:Of the Christian Religion
511:
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21:Joseph Addison (diplomat)
2086:English magazine editors
1769:James Craggs the Younger
1295:McGeary, Thomas (1998).
1258:Addison, Joseph (1767).
800:Washington's praise for
632:
579:, in his home county of
527:Lord Treasurer Godolphin
432:Early life and education
1673:Poems by Joseph Addison
1631:Works by Joseph Addison
1612:Works by Joseph Addison
1603:Works by Joseph Addison
1595:Encyclopædia Britannica
1589:"Addison, Joseph"
1305:(subscription required)
1225:"Addison, Joseph"
998:Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot
868:
670:
540:, published in 1705 by
422:, with whom he founded
23:. For the general, see
2071:Writers from Wiltshire
2016:British male essayists
1301:Philological Quarterly
1146:
1109:
1096:
1079:
1037:
898:
690:
596:
569:Irish House of Commons
2061:People from Lichfield
1986:British MPs 1715–1722
1981:British MPs 1713–1715
1976:British MPs 1710–1713
1971:British MPs 1708–1710
1888:Parliament of Ireland
1505:Bellamy, Liz (2007).
1373:Burke, Edmund (1872)
1244:Deighton, Ken (ed.).
1137:
1104:
1091:
1074:
1035:
989:preposition stranding
896:
680:
594:
344:Member of Parliament
25:Joseph Edward Addison
2041:Neoclassical writers
1908:Member of Parliament
1876:Sir John Rushout, Bt
1867:Sir John Rushout, Bt
1846:Member of Parliament
1797:Member of Parliament
1656:UK National Archives
1559:Cousin, John William
1046:Albin Schram letters
468:verse, and became a
436:Addison was born in
206:, Middlesex, England
186:, Wiltshire, England
54:improve this article
2011:Irish MPs 1703–1713
1933:Theophilus Clements
1343:Wall Street Journal
1089:and other matters.
1063:Battle of Ramillies
1036:Addison, by Kraemer
1010:Dialogues on Medals
729:American Revolution
719:and an epilogue by
458:Charterhouse School
346:for the borough of
2076:People from Fulham
2031:English male poets
1686:Political offices
1483:William Rose Benet
1453:The Tatler, Vol. 2
1420:"Parishes: Bilton"
1038:
899:
889:Marriage and death
691:
597:
547:In 1705, with the
523:Battle of Blenheim
1996:English essayists
1991:English Anglicans
1939:
1938:
1926:Succeeded by
1916:1709–1713
1873:Succeeded by
1862:Thomas Farrington
1835:Thomas Farrington
1818:Succeeded by
1766:Succeeded by
1735:Succeeded by
1708:Succeeded by
1607:Project Gutenberg
1584:Spalding, William
1470:978-0-19-818533-8
1336:John J. Miller, "
1121:William Thackeray
1100:Henry Sacheverell
934:Westminster Abbey
762:. These include:
737:George Washington
687:George Cruikshank
450:Dean of Lichfield
409:
408:
310:Literary movement
130:
129:
122:
104:
2163:
1894:Preceded by
1880:Fleetwood Dormer
1832:Preceded by
1825:Russell Robartes
1821:Francis Robartes
1786:Russell Robartes
1783:Preceded by
1749:Preceded by
1742:Charles Delafaye
1721:Sir John Stanley
1718:Preceded by
1711:Edward Southwell
1694:George Dodington
1691:Preceded by
1683:
1682:
1664:
1659:
1642:
1641:
1626:Internet Archive
1599:
1591:
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1473:
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1407:
1405:
1396:. Archived from
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1371:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1334:
1328:
1315:Joseph Addison,
1313:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1287:
1282:Peter Smithers,
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
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1227:
1220:
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1213:
1197:
1187:
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1159:
741:Continental Army
733:Founding Fathers
587:Magazine founder
517:Political career
506:William III
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43:This article
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1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
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995:in his 1735
985:Richard Hurd
982:
977:
974:The Guardian
973:
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951:Contribution
945:Addison Road
938:
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923:Peerage Bill
914:
907:Warwickshire
900:
883:Joseph Haydn
878:
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721:Samuel Garth
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531:The Campaign
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197:(1719-05-17)
131:
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97:
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83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1956:1719 deaths
1951:1672 births
1921:Thomas Ashe
1897:Thomas Ashe
1801:Lostwithiel
1404:29 November
919:Edward Rich
903:Bilton Hall
784:Nathan Hale
683:John Kemble
664:The Drummer
605:Kitcat Club
557:Lostwithiel
495:Lord Somers
481:John Dryden
348:Lostwithiel
303:translation
223:Occupations
195:17 May 1719
1945:Categories
1869:1713–1719
1850:Malmesbury
1763:1717–1718
1732:1714–1715
1705:1708–1710
1616:Faded Page
1569:Wikisource
1303:, Vol. 77
1177:References
735:. General
713:Monarchism
681:The actor
577:Malmesbury
314:Classicism
289:playwright
234:politician
231:journalist
204:Kensington
180:1 May 1672
176:1672-05-01
80:newspapers
1864:1710–1713
1394:Hymn Time
817:In 1789,
645:'s opera
581:Wiltshire
466:Neo-Latin
442:Wiltshire
396:Signature
375:In office
361:1708–1709
357:In office
300:editorial
276:from 1693
1635:LibriVox
1618:(Canada)
1586:(1878).
1561:(1910).
1268:23 April
1149:See also
1142:Button's
1112:Analysis
1028:Timeline
885:, 1798.
667:(1716).
648:Rosamond
639:libretto
490:Georgics
293:libretto
258:Language
1624:at the
1556::
1107:Return.
941:Addison
863:Numidia
859:Thapsus
834:liberty
711:versus
599:He met
438:Milston
263:English
184:Milston
94:scholar
1918:With:
1859:With:
1810:With:
1537:Essays
1519:
1467:
1323:
1206:
1087:Tatler
978:Tatler
965:Tatler
961:Tatler
957:Tatler
659:Tories
610:Tatler
512:Career
485:Virgil
470:fellow
286:Poetry
273:Period
228:Writer
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1094:good.
1003:adder
855:Utica
633:Plays
549:Whigs
297:essay
281:Genre
266:Latin
245:Whigs
154:" by
101:JSTOR
87:books
1910:for
1855:1710
1848:for
1806:1708
1799:for
1517:ISBN
1493:s.v.
1465:ISBN
1406:2015
1321:ISBN
1270:2013
1204:ISBN
875:hymn
869:Hymn
840:and
827:Cato
760:Cato
753:Cato
672:Cato
654:Cato
641:for
571:for
497:and
192:Died
170:Born
73:news
1633:at
1614:at
1605:at
1457:doi
1340:",
905:in
544:.
487:'s
476:.
472:of
56:by
1947::
1654:.
1592:.
1491:,
1485:,
1463:,
1451:,
1392:.
1351:^
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440:,
160:c.
158:,
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1571:.
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1200:5
689:.
178:)
174:(
150:"
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
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