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digging from that, they carried it on unceasingly day and night, working in relays. For a considerable number of days the besieged did not discover them carrying the earth away through the shaft; but when the heap of earth thus brought out became too high to be concealed from those inside the city, the commanders of the besieged garrison set to work vigorously digging a trench inside, parallel to the wall and to the stoa which faced the towers. When the trench was made to the required depth, they next placed in a row along the side of the trench nearest the wall a number of brazen vessels made very thin; and, as they walked along the bottom of the trench past these, they listened for the noise of the digging outside. Having marked the spot indicated by any of these brazen vessels, which were extraordinarily sensitive and vibrated to the sound outside, they began digging from within, at right angles to the trench, another tunnel leading under the wall, so calculated as to exactly hit the enemy's tunnel. This was soon accomplished, for the Romans had not only brought their mine up to the wall, but had under-pinned a considerable length of it on either side of their mine; and thus the two parties found themselves face to face.
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the siege
Russian sappers dug 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) of saps and counter mines. During the same period the allies dug 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi). The Russians expended 12 tons of gunpowder in the underground war while the allies used 64 tons. These figures show that the Russians tried to create a more extensive network of tunnels and carried out better targeted attacks with only minimal use of gunpowder. The allies used outdated fuses so that many charges failed to go off. Conditions in the tunnels were severe: wax candles often went out, sappers fainted due to stale air, ground water flooded tunnels and counter mines. The Russians repulsed the siege and started to dig tunnels under the allies fortifications. The Russian success in the underground war was recognised by the allies.
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2355:, a "mine" was a tunnel dug to bring down castles and other fortifications. Attackers used this technique when the fortification was not built on solid rock, developing it as a response to stone-built castles that could not be burned like earlier-style wooden forts. A tunnel would be excavated under the outer defenses either to provide access into the fortification or to collapse the walls. These tunnels would normally be supported by temporary wooden props as the digging progressed. Once the excavation was complete, the attackers would collapse the wall or tower being undermined by filling the excavation with combustible material that, when lit, would burn away the props leaving the structure above unsupported and thus liable to collapse.
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3823:. Systems of tunnels were not occupied temporarily for military purpose, but began to contain whole villages of people living permanently underground. The tunnel system contained a complete world below ground, featuring kitchens, hospitals, workshops, sleeping areas, communications, ammunition storage, and even forms of entertainment. The tunnels eventually became a target for American forces because the enemy not only hid in them, but further could strike anywhere in the vast range of the tunnel complex (hundreds of miles) without a single warning before disappearing again.
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2251:, "the ground around the town were extremely rocky and hard, making any siege-mining virtually impossible. However, Philip ordered his soldiers during the cover of night collect earth from elsewhere and throw it all down at the fake tunnel's entrance, making it look like the Macedonians were almost finished completing the tunnels. Eventually, when Philip V announced that large parts of the town-walls were undermined, the citizens surrendered without delay."
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advantage of the confusion that followed the explosion of an underground mine. It could take as long as a year to dig a tunnel and place a mine. As well as digging their own tunnels, the military engineers had to listen out for enemy tunnellers. On occasions miners accidentally dug into the opposing side's tunnel and an underground fight took place. When an enemy's tunnel was found it was usually destroyed by placing an explosive charge inside.
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47:
4207:. The network is over 500 km (300 mi) in length according to Hamas claims. According to experts, these tunnels serve multiple purposes for Hamas, including holding kidnapped hostages, smuggling goods, moving militants, storing weapons, and sheltering Hamas members and infrastructure. However, the location and use of military tunnels in densely populated areas have raised concerns about Hamas endangering civilians.
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3915:). (...) The IDF was not prepared for this kind of fighting, having at hand mainly armoured forces intended for use in open areas. The built-up area inhibited long-range weapons, created an equality between the tank and the RPG (often wielded by 13- or 14-year-old boys), and increased the number of Israeli casualties. (...) Palestinian resistance seriously disrupted the timetable of the planned rapid advance to
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2772:, at Maedelstede Farm, which was charged with 43,000 kg (94,000 lb), and beneath German lines at Spanbroekmolen, which was charged with 41,000 kg (91,000 lb) of ammonal. The Spanbroekmolen mine created a crater that afterwards measured 130 metres (430 ft) from rim to rim. Now known as the Pool of Peace, it is large enough to house a 12 m (40 ft) deep lake.
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warfare, North Korean troops did not just remain in the tunnels. North Korean forces were sheltering in the tunnels from the bombing and shelling and awaiting US bayonet attacks. When US forces reached the ground in the area of the tunnels, chosen North Korean units would emerge to engage in hand-to-hand combat, taking advantage of their numerical superiority.
2740:. Over the next five months more than 8,000 m (26,000 ft) of tunnel were dug and 450–600 tons of explosive were placed in position. Simultaneous explosion of the mines took place at 3:10 a.m. on 7 June 1917. The blast killed an estimated 10,000 soldiers and was so loud it was heard in London. The near simultaneous explosions created
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and humanitarian aid to come into the city, and people to get out. The tunnel was one of the major ways of bypassing the international arms embargo and providing the city defenders with weaponry. The
Sarajevo Tunnel is now converted into a war museum, with 20 metres (66 ft) of the original tunnel open for tourists visit.
3777:, camouflaged bases were used capable of supplying the guerillas for a long period of time. Throughout South Vietnam, there were secret underground bases that operated successfully. There are reports that every villager was obliged to dig 90 cm (35 in) of tunnel a day. The largest underground base was the tunnels of
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3583:, was built from 1890 to 1940 and consists of a former military gun battery emplacement, a 100 metres (330 ft) long tunnel and an observation post. As part of the strengthening of Newcastle's defense system, various new projects were undertaken at Shepherds Hill during WWII, such as accommodation for troops stationed.
3468:, where the Japanese engineered the whole Mount Suribachi with many tunnels leading to defensive emplacements, or exits for quick counterattacks. Tunnel warfare by the Japanese forced the US Marines to adopt the "blowtorch and corkscrew" tactics to systematically flush out the Japanese defenders, one cave at a time.
2278:, the insurgent tribes soon started to change defensive practices, from only local strongholds to using the advantage of wider terrain. Hidden trenches to assemble for surprise attacks were dug, connected via tunnels for secure fallback. In action, often barriers were used to prevent the enemy from pursuing.
4113:. Faced with Israeli's air attacks, Hezbollah needed to create a defensive system that would enable these rocket attacks to continue uninterrupted throughout any conflict with Israel. To do so they created an intricate system of tunnels and underground bunkers, anti-tank units, and explosive-ridden areas.
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report details Hamas's use of two types of tunnels: deep, well-equipped ones for high-ranking commanders and shallower ones for lower-level members. Initially, the
Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) planned to secure territory before searching for tunnels, but this strategy allowed Hamas to launch ambushes
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for over 1,000 imprisoned
Palestinians. Perhaps the most effective use of tunnels by the PLO were during the siege of the Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp, when the PLO managed to inflict relatively heavy losses on the IDF and considerably slow its projected advance towards Beirut. Israeli historian Gil'ad
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of all time. Two mines were not ignited in 1917 because they had been abandoned before the battle, and four were outside the area of the offensive. On 17 July 1955, a lightning strike set off one of these four latter mines. There were no human casualties, but one cow was killed. Another of the unused
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in order to link the city of
Sarajevo, which was entirely cut off by Serbian forces, with the Bosnian-held territory on the other side of the Sarajevo Airport, an area controlled by the United Nations. The tunnel linked the Sarajevo neighbourhoods of Dobrinja and Butmir, allowing food, war supplies,
3919:. It took eight days before the final crushing of resistance in Ein El Hilweh. The method adopted by the army was to use loud-speakers to call upon the civilian population to move away, search the houses one by one, surround points of remaining active resistance and subdue them by overwhelming fire.
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North Korea even created underground shelters for artillery. During bombing, artillery was rolled into bunkers located inside mountains. When a lull came, the guns were rolled back out onto a firing area, fired some shells, and rolled back into the bunker again. Unlike other examples of underground
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North Korea developed a theory of underground warfare. Manpower, warehouses and small calibre guns were completely housed underground making them less vulnerable to air strikes and artillery. On the surface, the many false targets (bunkers, trenches and decoy entrances to the tunnel system) made it
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forces suffered heavy losses from air strikes which obliged them to construct underground shelters. Initially underground fortifications were built independently by individual units and their placement was chaotic. Subsequently, underground fortifications were united into a single large system. The
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underground fighting became immense. At first the allies began digging saps without any precautions. After a series of explosions caused by counter mine action the allies increased the depth of the tunnels but began to meet rocky ground and the underground war had to return to higher levels. During
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Several methods resisted or countered undermining. Often the siting of a castle could make mining difficult. The walls of a castle could be constructed either on solid rock or on sandy or water-logged land, making it difficult to dig mines. A very deep ditch or moat could be constructed in front of
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As in the siege of
Carcassonne, defenders worked to prevent sapping by dumping anything they had down on attackers who tried to dig under the wall. Successful sapping usually ended the battle, since the defenders would no longer be able to defend their position and would surrender, or the attackers
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The main disadvantage of tunnel war was that usually the
Japanese could fill the holes or pour water in to suffocate the soldiers inside the tunnels. This proved to be a major problem but was later solved by installing filters that would consume the water and poisonous gases. It is said that there
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Between
October 1915 and April 1917 an estimated 150 French, British and German charges were fired in this 7-kilometre (4.3 mi) sector of the Western Front. British tunnellers took over progressively from the French between February and May 1916. After September 1916, when the Royal Engineers
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have used mining against walled cites, fortresses, castles or other strongly held and fortified military positions. Defenders have dug counter-mines to attack miners or destroy a mine threatening their fortifications. Since tunnels are commonplace in urban areas, tunnel warfare is often a feature,
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is using tunnels and other underground cavities in war. It often includes the construction of underground facilities in order to attack or defend, and the use of existing natural caves and artificial underground facilities for military purposes. Tunnels can be used to undermine fortifications and
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To this day, the North Korean strategy is to construct as many underground facilities as possible for military use in the event of a US attack. The depth of underground facilities reaches 80 to 100 m (260 to 330 ft), making them difficult to destroy even with the use of tactical nuclear
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A tactic related to mining is sapping the wall, where engineers would dig at the base of a wall with crowbars and picks. Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay recounts how at the battle of
Carcassonne, during the Albigensian Crusade, "after the top of the wall had been somewhat weakened by bombardment from
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entering the country soon learned to fear this warfare, as the ambushing of marching columns caused high casualties. Therefore, they approached possibly fortified areas very carefully, giving time to evaluate, assemble troops and organize them. When the Romans were themselves on the defensive the
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and allied militias. A notable example is the attack on the Air Force
Intelligence Building in Aleppo where on 4 March 2015, rebel forces detonated a large quantity of explosives in a tunnel dug close to or under the building. The building suffered a partial collapse as a result of the explosion
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and , therefore, in despair had recourse to mines and tunnels. Having safely secured the central one of their three works, and carefully concealed the shaft with wattle screens, they erected in front of it a covered walk or stoa about two hundred feet long, parallel with the wall; and beginning
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tunnelled under the Confederate trenches and detonated a mine beneath the 3rd Louisiana Redan on June 25, 1863. The subsequent assault, led by General John A. Logan, gained a foothold in the Confederate trenches where the crater was formed, but the attackers were eventually forced to withdraw.
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slip into enemy territory for a surprise attack, while it can strengthen a defense by creating the possibility of ambush, counterattack and the ability to transfer troops from one portion of the battleground to another unseen and protected. Also, tunnels can serve as shelter from enemy attack.
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On the Western Front, the main objective of tunnel warfare was to place large quantities of explosives beneath enemy defensive positions. When it was detonated, the explosion would destroy that section of the trench. The infantry would then advance towards the enemy front-line hoping to take
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refugee camp to defend against a possible Israeli invasion. Wazir, who had previously travelled to China, Vietnam and North Korea, based this system on the Viet Cong's model, hiding huge quantities of military supplies and linking Beirut with the PLO's strongholds in Southern Lebanon. A
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Tunnels are narrow and restrict fields of fire; thus, troops in a tunnel usually have only a few areas exposed to fire or sight at any one time. They can be part of an extensive labyrinth and have culs-de-sac and reduced lighting, typically creating a closed-in night combat environment.
2390:. The great concentric ringed fortresses, like Beaumaris Castle on Anglesey, were designed so that the inner walls were ready-built coupures: if an attacker succeeded in breaching the outer walls, he would enter a killing field between the lower outer walls and the higher inner walls.
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by the end of the 19th century made it very expensive to build above-ground fortifications that could withstand any attack. As a result, fortifications were covered with earth and eventually were built entirely underground to maximize protection. For the purpose of firing
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length of the front was 250 kilometres (160 mi) while the length of tunnels was 500 kilometres (310 mi); for every kilometre of front, there were two kilometres of tunnels. A total of 2,000,000 cubic metres (71,000,000 cu ft) of rocks were extracted.
3650:. Prior to their arrival, Malinta's laterals had served as high command headquarters, hospital and storage of food and arms. In March 1942, several U.S. Navy submarines arrived on the north side of Corregidor. The Navy brought in mail, orders, and weaponry. During the
2511:. From this propitious beginning, everything deteriorated rapidly for the Union attackers. Unit after unit charged into and around the crater, where soldiers milled in confusion. The Confederates quickly recovered and launched several counterattacks led by Brig. Gen.
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constructed an intricate series of defensive networks, which were composed of 9,000 meters (9,800 yd) of tunnels, 50,000 m (55,000 yd) of trenches and 5,000 m (5,500 yd) of obstacles and minefields. This tunnel network proved its use in the
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difficult to detect true targets, forcing US forces to waste ammunition. Directly under the surface, spacious barracks were built, allowing whole units to be quickly brought to the surface for a short time and as quickly returned to shelter underground.
3420:). The tunnels were dug beneath the earth to cover the battlefield with numerous hidden gun holes to make a surprise attack. Entrances usually were hidden beneath a straw mat inside a house, or down a well. This allowed for flexible manoeuvers or exits.
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by the Union Army of the Potomac, a mine made of 3,600 kilograms (8,000 lb) of gunpowder was set off approximately 6 metres (20 ft) under Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside's IX Corps sector. The explosion blew a gap in the Confederate defenses of
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the tactic of tunnel warfare was employed by the Chinese forces themselves. "The Chinese resort to tunnel warfare, and the devastating losses to American soldiers, led to the sealing of tunnel entrances by United Nations Command. According to later
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by a Japanese submarine in June 1942. This is the only place on the mainland of Australia known to have returned fire. The batteries at Shepherds Hill formed an integrated system with the batteries at Fort Scratchley, Fort Wallace at
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the walls, as was done at Pembroke Castle, or even artificial lakes, as was done at Kenilworth Castle. This makes it more difficult to dig a mine, and even if a breach is made, the ditch or moat makes exploiting the breach difficult.
3400:. The tunnel systems were fast and easy to construct and enabled a small force to successfully fight superior enemies. One particular tunnel network called the "Ranzhuang tunnel" evolved in the course of resisting Japanese
2636:. In order to protect their soldiers from enemy fire and the hostile alpine environment, both Austro-Hungarian and Italian military engineers constructed fighting tunnels which offered a degree of cover and allowed better
2458:
and Schilder-Schuldner had been engaged on questions of organisation and conduct of underground attacks. They began to use electric current to disrupt charges. Special boring instruments of complex design were developed.
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separating the two Koreas. The underground network included twenty-five kilometer tunnels, bunkers, fiber optics communication systems, and storerooms to hold missiles and ammunition. Its capabilities were extended by
3072:, the British tunnelling companies secretly laid a series of explosive charges under German positions in an effort to destroy surface fortifications before the assault. The original plan had called for 17 mines and 9
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fired 101 mines or camouflets, while German tunnellers fired 126 mines or camouflets. This amounts to a total of 227 mine explosions in one month – one detonation every three hours. Large battles, like the
2300:(132–136 AD). With time the Romans understood that efforts should be made to expose these tunnels. Once an entrance was discovered fire was lit, either smoking out the rebels or suffocating them to death.
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The Refugee camps were heavily fortified, full of bunkers and fire positions. The Palestinian defence at Ein El Hilweh and other refugee camps was based on hand-carried anti-tank weapons such as the
2515:. The breach was sealed off, and Union forces were repulsed with severe casualties. The horror of this engagement was portrayed in the Charles Frazier novel, and subsequent Anthony Minghella movie,
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Many fortresses built counter mine galleries, "hearing tunnels" which were used to listen for enemy mines being built. At a distance of about fifty yards they could be used to detect tunneling. The
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from underground. This experience highlighted the need for effective counter-tunnel operations to combine both surface and subterranean combat, while also addressing the risk of friendly fire. See
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3309:(1916). From 1915 to 1918, French and German tunneling units fired 519 separate mines at Vauquois, and the German gallery network beneath the hill grew to a length of 17 kilometres (11 mi).
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began committing suicide by detonating explosives within the tunnel complex the night of 23 February 1945. The collapsed laterals resulting from these explosions have never been excavated.
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there has been a simple lack of need for such operations since the mid 20th century, making tunneling extremely rare outside of insurgencies (which often cannot use either of the former).
4129:
and in-depth training of Hezbollah terroristoperatives. Between December 2018 and January 2019, the Israeli military destroyed six tunnels built by Hezbollah along Israel's border during
4239:. By April 2022, Russian and separatist troops had pushed deep into most of the city, separating the last Ukrainian troops from the few pockets of Ukrainian troops retreating into the
3950:. Water pipes extend under the entire Afghan territory. In wartime, Afghans have used these tunnels to both hide and to appear suddenly behind the enemy force. To clear these tunnels,
3456:, they would maximize their capabilities by establishing a strong point defense, using cave warfare. The first encounter of the US Marines with this new tactic was the island of
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2441:(1633–1707) the creator of the French School of Fortification gave a theory of mine attack and how to calculate various saps and the amount of gunpowder needed for explosions.
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petraries, our engineers succeeded with great difficulty in bringing a four-wheeled wagon, covered in oxhides, close to the wall, from which they set to work to sap the wall".
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into them to either kill the miners or to set fire to the pit-props to collapse the attackers' tunnel. Alternatively they could under-mine the attackers' tunnels and create a
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site in China, it attracted tens of thousands of visitors each year. Most of the villagers were working in tourism service industry, an industry worth US$ 700,000 each year.
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mines is believed to have been found in a location beneath a farmhouse, but no attempt has been made to remove it. The last mine fired by the British in World War I was near
2507:, creating a crater 52 metres (170 ft) long, 30 to 37 metres (100 to 120 ft) wide, and at least 9 metres (30 ft) deep. The combat was accordingly known as the
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3433:, which is based on the stories about fighting Japanese in tunnels, made tunnel warfare well known in China. More films were soon produced and adapted in the same setting.
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officer later said: 'We just do not know how many miles of these tunnels there are. Some are new, some are old. We have no maps. They may be booby-trapped. Who knows?'
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interrogations, Chinese officers had killed a number of their own soldiers in the tunnels, because the latter had wished to dig their way out and surrender to the
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and laying large quantities of explosives beneath the enemy's trenches. As in siege warfare, tunnel warfare was possible due to the static nature of the fighting.
2778:
2437:(1609–1680) in his classic work on military affairs described methods of destruction and countering of enemy saps. In his paper on "the assaulting of fortresses"
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3966:; this tunnel system went to a depth of 400 meters and had a length of 25 kilometres (16 mi). To combat guerillas in Tora Bora, the United States used
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began to be built to prevent the digging of cross-border attack tunnels. On October 30 such tunnel was located within Israeli borders and was detonated.
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After the war, the Ranzhuang tunnel site became a key heritage preservation unit promoting patriotism and national defense education. Being a famous
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The use of tunnels as a means of guerrilla-like warfare against the Roman Empire was also a common practice of the Jewish rebels in Judea during the
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took their oaths of office as President and Vice-president of the Philippine Commonwealth in simple ceremonies attended by members of the garrison.
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military commander and was instrumental in the construction of Hezbollah's own tunnel network leading up to the 2006 Lebanon War (see below).
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3819:, ordered the expansion of the tunnels after the Americans entered the war between the North and the South; the tunnels would be used by the
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had constructed defensive galleries along most of the front line, offensive mining largely ceased although activities continued through the
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laid by Austro-Hungarian and Italian miners, where the largest individual mine contained a charge of 50,000 kilograms (110,000 lb) of
2339:(481–221 BC) period forward. When enemies attempted to dig tunnels under walls for mining or entry into the city, the defenders used large
4973:
3642:, General MacArthur, other high-ranking military officers and diplomats and families escaped the bombardment of Manila and were housed in
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5205:
Hamber, B. (2012). Conflict museums, nostalgia, and dreaming of never again. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 18(3), 268.
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3464:, where the old Japanese tactic of defending the beach had been employed. The pinnacle of this form of defense, however, can be found on
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by U.S. forces in 1945, Japanese soldiers who had been trapped in the tunnel after the entrance was blocked as a result of gunfire from
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to collapse the attackers' tunnels. Finally if the walls were breached, they could either place obstacles in the breach, for example a
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A Manual Of Practical Military Engineering, Prepared for the Use of the Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy, and for Engineer Troops
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has dug extremely extensive tunnels under Gaza, and that capturing and destroying the tunnels is a "top priority" of the IDF. A 2024
3992:. In May and June 1987 Soviet forces attacked the base with heavy artillery, aerial bombardment and numerous ground assaults, in the
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enjoying complete air and artillery superiority, the Chinese managed to keep the hill and inflict heavy casualties on the Americans.
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and covered supply routes for their soldiers, both sides also attempted to break the stalemate of trench warfare by tunneling under
2175:, where in March 2015 rebels planted a large amount of explosives under the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Directorate headquarters.
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In 2022, Ukrainian resistance managed to hold off the Russian invading army for 80 days by using tunnels underneath the city of
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2831:. Approximately 10,000 German troops were killed when the mines were simultaneously detonated at 3:10 a.m. on 7 June 1917.
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In Australia, the demand for protection from air attack became more serious in the early 1940s when there was significant
5122:גלעד בארי, מלחמת לבנון – נגד פלסטין הקטנה Gil'ad Be'eri, "The Lebanon War" – "Confronting "Little Palestine" in Lebanon".
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with an overall length of 320 km (200 mi). To combat the guerillas in the tunnels the US used soldiers dubbed
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3701:, the underground war reached a massive scale. From experience in the Second World War, the US relied upon aviation.
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On May 10, 1933, Paraguayan troops used a tunnel to attack in the rear of the Bolivian troops. They were victorious.
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3669:, the third lateral on the north side from the Malinta Tunnel's east entrance served as the headquarters of General
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was part of a military base built by the Japanese government as headquarters for its soldiers during World War II.
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3068:(1917). The British gallery network beneath Vimy Ridge grew to a length of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). Before the
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beneath the German positions, including two mines that contained 18,000 kilograms (40,000 lb) of explosives.
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area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units, major sites of underground warfare were
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3520:. There are other military fortifications in coastal Sydney that feature a tunnel warfare system, such as the
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then countered the Roman mine with smoke from burning feathers with charcoal. - In essence an early form of
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Hezbollah built a sophisticated network of tunnels with North Korean assistance, with close resemblance to
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and placing explosive charges beneath the enemy's positions. Their efforts in high mountain peaks such as
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Shaping Operational Design: A Counter to the Growing Trend of Underground Facilities and Tunnel Warfare
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Defenders could also dig counter mines. From these they could then dig into the attackers' tunnels and
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2737:
1663:
1171:
520:
394:
248:
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7462:
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7167:
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6550:
6422:
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4351:
4333:
3912:
3908:
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3540:(which was constructed in 1892 and was re-employed during World War II to defend the approaches to
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3397:
3048:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units, also in connection with the
2975:
2203:
2114:
1981:
1528:
1221:
1039:
887:
148:
4960:
4852:
4789:
3984:. The base was equipped with an extensive tunnel network constructed by al-Qaeda's military chief
8103:
8047:
6853:
6642:
6036:
5909:
5656:
5185:
3891:
3747:
3533:
2406:, since its use reduced the effort required to undermine a wall while also increasing lethality.
2332:
2067:
2049:
1805:
1364:
1286:
1231:
829:
492:
57:
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6189:
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3996:. In the end, the Mujahideen successfully held their complex system of tunnels and caves named
3731:
3628:
3193:
3111:
3091:
2997:
2844:
2758:
2718:
2320:
1934:
1909:
1631:
1543:
1416:
1291:
892:
869:
315:
214:
5869:
3095:
8108:
7543:
7368:
7259:
6962:
6901:
6587:
6194:
4696:
4562:
4266:
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4069:
3951:
3895:
3769:, which were used to shelter people from the intense bombing of Son Trung and Son Ha communes
3655:
3588:
3505:
3128:
2434:
2270:
The oldest known sources about employing tunnels and trenches for guerrilla-like warfare are
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1456:
1409:
1063:
1026:
989:
907:
859:
743:
553:
361:
270:
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
4848:
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
4785:
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
3811:) the tunnels were maintained to prepare for a possible war with South Vietnam would start.
104:
7882:
7858:
7691:
7403:
7186:
7058:
7042:
7037:
6599:
6372:
6357:
6337:
6321:
5633:
4649:
4301:
3989:
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3521:
3069:
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3049:
3015:
2903:
2699:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2492:
2482:
2275:
1914:
1816:
1673:
1668:
1486:
1451:
1186:
1006:
864:
800:
654:
624:
221:
35:
3314:
2930:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units 1915–1917; also see
2916:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units 1915–1917; also see
8:
7571:
7231:
7226:
7032:
7027:
6947:
6911:
6692:
6555:
6279:
6274:
6164:
5946:
5460:"A spiderweb of Hamas tunnels in Gaza Strip raises risks for an Israeli ground offensive"
5363:"Islamic Jihad ups death toll from Gaza blast to 12, vows to continue developing tunnels"
4453:
4426:
4081:
4012:
3827:
3553:
3256:
3182:
3165:
3117:
3043:
2750:
2691:
2499:
2240:
1765:
1750:
1626:
1513:
1491:
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1426:
1336:
1146:
1051:
1001:
768:
758:
723:
515:
505:
275:
199:
5049:
3412:
or local peasant resistance used tunnel war tactics against the Japanese (and later the
8080:
7548:
6987:
6869:
6610:
6577:
6562:
6387:
6081:
5823:
5818:
5412:
5221:
4692:"After Pearl Harbour, the navy scrambled to build tunnels in Sydney. They still remain"
4672:"After Pearl Harbour, the navy scrambled to build tunnels in Sydney. They still remain"
3831:
3537:
3465:
3409:
3325:
3275:
3234:
3219:
3102:
2637:
2525:
2099:
1954:
1874:
1795:
1740:
1715:
1636:
1582:
1548:
1479:
1396:
1306:
1211:
1156:
1046:
1011:
964:
839:
810:
763:
701:
676:
510:
324:
243:
4997:
3799:
When Vietnam became a French colony again after the Second World War, the Communistic
3681:. At the vicinity of the tunnel's west entrance in the afternoon of 30 December 1941,
6812:
6495:
6143:
5677:
5598:
5578:
5553:
5482:
4802:
4474:
4256:
4025:
3789:
3670:
3457:
3417:
3401:
3280:
2902:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units 1915–1917; see
2666:
2641:
2409:
2297:
2167:
though usually a minor one, of urban warfare. A good example of this was seen in the
2135:
2044:
1991:
1894:
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1849:
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1126:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1016:
969:
939:
778:
571:
548:
482:
5621:
YouTube video of Hill 60 on the Messines Ridge, site of a huge underground explosion
4594:
2104:
7203:
7094:
7002:
6864:
6859:
6828:
6807:
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6712:
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6347:
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4281:
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4053:
3899:
3887:
3804:
3682:
3639:
3568:
3461:
3366:
3306:
3255:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
3181:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
3164:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
3116:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
3090:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
2996:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
2948:
fighting between British and German tunneling units, mainly in connection with the
2931:
2765:
2645:
2629:
2628:
On the Italian Front, the high peaks of the Dolomites range were an area of fierce
2607:
2554:
2529:
2229:
2168:
2109:
2074:
2006:
1899:
1837:
1730:
1658:
1651:
1508:
1441:
1391:
1381:
1256:
1176:
1136:
1121:
1088:
1073:
944:
929:
882:
790:
748:
691:
686:
644:
467:
444:
351:
280:
209:
192:
3686:
3014:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units, area where
7243:
7125:
6848:
6199:
6006:
5904:
5894:
5843:
5754:
5702:
5610:
5605:
4244:
4093:
4033:
3973:
3867:
3727:
3584:
3564:
3549:
3033:
2911:
2622:
2595:
2455:
2426:
Since the 16th century during assault on enemy positions saps, began to be used.
2379:
2259:
2225:
1919:
1904:
1822:
1778:
1720:
1376:
1371:
1261:
1251:
1166:
1141:
1083:
924:
854:
844:
696:
681:
604:
576:
376:
356:
204:
2962:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units, also see
7238:
7191:
7007:
6982:
6977:
6787:
6545:
6540:
6244:
6234:
6101:
5776:
5320:"Finding '6th, biggest and last' Hezbollah tunnel, IDF ends Northern Shield op"
5026:
4957:
4849:
4786:
4306:
4271:
3993:
3923:
3647:
3593:
3497:
3135:
3107:
2789:
2603:
2512:
2336:
2286:
2094:
1842:
1266:
1226:
1204:
1191:
1181:
1151:
1068:
1021:
824:
815:
706:
639:
629:
599:
566:
454:
411:
366:
238:
171:
5620:
3608:
3076:
charges to support the infantry attack, of which 13 (possibly 14) mines and 8
2980:
2398:
A major change took place in the art of tunnel warfare in the 15th century in
8097:
7651:
6952:
6838:
6792:
6767:
6752:
6747:
6722:
6530:
6520:
6239:
6106:
6096:
6066:
6051:
6041:
5996:
5961:
5879:
5838:
5786:
5781:
5697:
5486:
5475:"Despair in Mariupol's last stronghold: 'They're bombing us with everything'"
4541:
4050:
4046:
3985:
3880:
3875:
3863:
3816:
3808:
3774:
3176:
3004:
2888:
2793:
2710:
2207:, gives a graphic account of mining and counter mining at the Roman siege of
1941:
1929:
1785:
1705:
1621:
1604:
1461:
1316:
1296:
979:
974:
954:
934:
849:
820:
795:
671:
649:
634:
609:
449:
371:
334:
329:
226:
5382:"The 'Gaza metro': The mysterious subterranean tunnel network used by Hamas"
4630:
4612:
4243:, which contains a complex of bunkers and tunnels which could even resist a
3870:(Abu Jihad) to construct a network of underground bunkers and tunnels under
3834:, a complex of over 200 kilometres (120 mi) of tunnel systems, allowed
2685:
During the height of the underground war on the Western Front in June 1916,
2681:
Plan of British tunnels, galleries and ventilation on a front in World War I
7196:
6942:
6802:
6500:
6362:
6316:
6229:
6128:
5808:
5719:
4496:
4179:
3977:
3976:
had in 1987 established his base near the Afghan-Pakistani border, for his
3476:
3349:
3224:
3208:
2897:
2661:
2571:
2546:
2383:
2308:
2304:
2290:
2281:
2271:
2216:
2128:
2054:
2034:
2029:
1924:
1869:
1503:
1498:
1321:
1236:
984:
718:
619:
416:
320:
5132:
4542:"Der unterirdische Minenkrieg im Ersten Weltkrieg › Verdun 1914–1918"
4080:
dug tunnels and used explosives to attack fixed military positions of the
3536:, where the underground rooms and tunnels were used to store ammunition),
7220:
7120:
7012:
6957:
6874:
6757:
6582:
6567:
6515:
6505:
6249:
6179:
6138:
6116:
6056:
5707:
5473:
Schwirtz, Michael; Engelbrecht, Cora; Kramer, Andrew E. (19 April 2022).
5405:
4117:
4029:
3839:
3812:
3782:
3702:
3617:
3453:
3437:
2852:
2649:
2599:
2473:
noted that the laurels for this kind of warfare must go to the Russians.
2352:
2039:
1790:
1755:
1594:
1281:
1246:
959:
902:
805:
589:
310:
305:
4105:
terrorist operatives crossed from southern Lebanon into northern Israel
3249:
2363:
could enter the fortification and engage the defenders in close combat.
8037:
7657:
List of Israeli strikes and Palestinian casualties in the 2014 Gaza War
7136:
6594:
6367:
6209:
5859:
5803:
5759:
5682:
5338:"WATCH: IDF destroys cross-border Hamas tunnel, second in recent weeks"
4204:
4150:
3955:
3722:
3643:
3613:
3560:
3541:
3429:
3413:
3345:
3141:
2942:
2925:
2316:
1996:
1966:
1688:
1057:
31:
4998:"United States Coast Artillery of Manila and Subic Bay, 1941: Malinta"
3954:
used explosives and gasoline. The most famous underground base of the
3038:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units
2985:
area of sustained fighting between British and German tunneling units
2586:
6888:
6782:
6702:
6510:
6382:
6091:
5976:
5966:
5749:
5739:
5734:
4276:
4200:
4102:
3963:
3935:
3820:
3800:
3742:
3513:
3393:
3340:
2657:
2575:
2567:
2469:
2430:
2403:
2375:
2255:
2244:
2215:
The Aetolians ... offered a gallant resistance to the assault of the
1986:
1810:
1760:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1560:
1351:
1346:
1311:
753:
439:
406:
295:
4186:
militants in Hamas-governed Gaza Strip is called a tunnel conflict.
3424:
were even women and children who voluntarily fought in the tunnels.
2541:
2343:
to pump smoke into the tunnels in order to suffocate the intruders.
46:
6843:
6797:
6737:
6727:
6717:
6697:
6687:
6671:
6123:
6111:
6021:
6001:
5991:
5971:
5951:
5941:
5813:
5744:
5729:
4346:
4328:
4236:
4183:
4154:
4097:
A Hezbollah tunnel that reaches a depth of 80 metres (260 ft).
4073:
4017:
3981:
3931:
3299:
3264:
3159:
2812:
2653:
2562:
2248:
2208:
2198:
2001:
1976:
1609:
1241:
1216:
834:
389:
263:
4520:"Spanbroekmolen Mine Crater Memorial — The Pool of Peace, Belgium"
4203:
and other populated areas of the Gaza Strip, sometimes called the
3762:
2262:
employing tunnels and counter-tunnels during the siege of Sirynx.
7104:
7022:
6742:
6707:
6417:
6342:
6289:
6026:
5981:
5796:
5687:
5296:, 2008, by Frederick w. Kagan, Kimberly kagan and Danielle pletka
4291:
3959:
3330:
3023:
2883:
2864:
Most important areas of underground warfare on the Western Front
2769:
2558:
2420:
2387:
2340:
2011:
1971:
1735:
1569:
1565:
912:
897:
773:
434:
429:
399:
338:
300:
3890:
against Israel, being essential in a surprise attack during the
6884:
6833:
6762:
6666:
6661:
6525:
6061:
6046:
6031:
5956:
5766:
5724:
5692:
5406:
Goldman A.; Bergman R; Kingsley P; Koplewitz G. (16 Jan 2024).
4286:
4146:
3916:
3871:
3843:
3826:
These tactics were also applied against the Chinese during the
3778:
3501:
3460:. The invading marines suffered twice as many casualties as on
2990:
2970:
2438:
2371:
2236:
2163:
1518:
919:
736:
472:
5625:
4475:"First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Messines, 1917"
3677:. Malinta Tunnel also served as the seat of government of the
2768:, which was charged with 43,400 kilograms (95,600 lb) of
6732:
6011:
5771:
4952:
4844:
4781:
4296:
4215:
4196:
4158:
3927:
3793:
3698:
3405:
3085:
2956:
2893:
2416:
with the use of gunpowder explosions to undermine its walls.
2413:
2399:
994:
530:
525:
5408:"Israel Unearths More of a Subterranean Fortress Under Gaza"
5306:
North Korea, Iran Held Responsible for Hezbollah Rocket Fire
3934:
during the 1982 Lebanon War, would go on to become a senior
3926:, one of Abu Jihad's most trusted lieutenants and member of
6777:
6656:
6086:
5791:
5714:
5217:"Explosion Levels Hotel Housing Government Troops in Syria"
5214:
4077:
3203:
3057:
2590:
Explosion of a mine, as seen from a French position in 1916
290:
285:
5178:"Review of the 'Osama bin Laden I Know' by Dick Clarke in
4191:
Barrier against tunnels along the Israel-Gaza Strip border
4085:
which was immediately followed by an armed rebel assault.
3587:, which had close ties to Shepherds Hill, responded to an
3552:(a coastal defense battery built in 1943) and the smaller
2827:
German trench destroyed by the explosion of a mine in the
2625:, the military employed specialist miners to dig tunnels.
2602:, when army engineers attempted to break the stalemate of
5472:
3859:
3603:
3512:
to shelter over 2,500 men working at the naval base from
163:
6640:
4016:
The Tunnel of Hope was established in June 1993 to link
3305:
area of sustained fighting, also in connection with the
5244:"Islamic Front kills scores in bombing of Aleppo hotel"
5294:
Iranian influence in the Levant, Iraq, and Afghanistan
5110:"PLO built tunnel network under Beirut - UPI Archives"
4199:
has constructed an extensive network of tunnels under
4929:"Shepherds Hill Defence Group Military Installations"
2235:
Another extraordinary use of siege-mining in ancient
27:
Use of tunnels and other underground cavities in wars
5517:
East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History
4974:"Travel diaries: Discovering Isabela's rich history"
4647:
4403:
3849:
3807:. After the French army left (they were defeated at
3524:(which was constructed in 1801 and was added to the
3028:
fighting between British and German tunneling units
6480:
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
5289:
5287:
5285:
5133:"Khalil al-Wazir: Paving the Way of Armed Struggle"
4652:. Chinadaily.com.cn Registration Number: 10023870-7
3354:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3335:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3320:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3294:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3286:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3270:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3244:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3229:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3214:fighting between French and German tunneling units
3198:fighting between French and German tunneling units
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5435:"To see the future of urban warfare, look at Gaza"
4375:"LacusCurtius • Frontinus — Strategemata, Liber I"
4004:, near the Pakistani border, from Soviet capture.
2553:The increased firepower that came with the use of
2491:A Confederate counter mine burrow at Fort Mahone,
5552:(in Chinese), Beijing: Beijing Publishing House,
3750:in October and November 1952, where, despite the
2702:in 1917, were also supported by mine explosions.
2307:operations has been unearthed at the fortress of
8095:
5282:
4107:killing three Israeli soldiers and abducting two
3532:(which was built in 1877 and became part of the
7899:Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
4024:Between May 1992 and November 1995, during the
3946:An underground war was actively pursued in the
5399:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4230:
3612:Finance office in Lateral 12, Malinta Tunnel,
7152:
6626:
5641:
4887:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
3886:The tunnels proved useful for the PLO in the
3842:to keep a large presence relatively close to
2764:The largest single mines at Messines were at
2136:
7669:UN Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 conflict
7509:UN Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict
5208:
4877:"Shark Point Battery, Vaucluse, NSW Profile"
4866:"Shark Point Battery, Vaucluse, NSW Profile"
4722:
4167:Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip
4153:, uncovered by the Israeli military between
147:Diorama of defensive tunnels dug during the
6455:Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
5093:"Another Siege: Israel's War on the P.L.O."
4916:
4575:
4178:Sometimes the ongoing conflict between the
3471:
2755:tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers
2715:Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers
7159:
7145:
6633:
6619:
6428:History of hard rock miners' organizations
5648:
5634:
5215:Hwaida Saad and Alan Cowell (8 May 2014).
4813:
4750:
4641:
4548:
4493:"The Tunnelling Companies RE of 1914-1918"
4225:Subterranean warfare#2023 Israel–Hamas war
3980:fighters who would later form the core of
3773:To maintain a full-scale guerrilla war in
3492:and when three Japanese midget submarines
3448:The first to copy tunnel warfare were the
2293:, as well as to evacuate fleeing leaders.
2143:
2129:
7584:2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks
5379:
5041:
4730:"Headland Park and its military heritage"
4650:"Museum of Ranzhuang Tunnel Warfare Site"
4324:
4322:
3563:, just south of Sydney, there exists the
3530:Lower Georges Heights Commanding Position
3518:expected a Japanese invasion of Australia
3482:Lower Georges Heights Commanding Position
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
7619:2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
7166:
6413:American Society of Reclamation Sciences
6260:North American Aerospace Defense Command
5236:
5011:
4939:Department of Planning & Environment
4831:Department of Planning & Environment
4768:Department of Planning & Environment
4210:It has been reported during the ongoing
4140:
4092:
4011:
3761:
3607:
3548:(a heritage-listed fort built in 1801),
3490:axis naval activity in Australian waters
3475:
2784:Access to German counter-mining shaft –
2676:
2594:Mining saw a particular resurgence as a
2585:
2540:
2486:
1107:List of military strategies and concepts
142:
5616:Modern US Army source on tunnel warfare
5072:
4934:New South Wales State Heritage Register
4826:New South Wales State Heritage Register
4763:New South Wales State Heritage Register
4446:
4385:
4136:
4088:
3856:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
3526:New South Wales State Heritage Register
2721:, the British simultaneously detonated
2528:, in 1863, Union troops led by General
14:
8096:
5175:
5145:
5090:
4927:
4893:
4819:
4758:"Georges Head Military Fortifications"
4756:
4319:
3988:, later one of the masterminds of the
3866:instructed his top military commander
3625:Japanese occupation of the Philippines
3604:Japanese occupation of the Philippines
3396:tactic employed by the Chinese in the
2964:Mines in the Battle of Messines (1917)
2950:Mines in the Battle of Messines (1917)
2936:Mines in the Battle of Messines (1917)
2918:Mines in the Battle of Messines (1917)
2393:
2303:Well-preserved evidence of mining and
7334:2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun
7182:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
7140:
6614:
5629:
5599:Vietnam war tunnels at warchapter.com
5572:
5547:
5522:
5509:
5317:
5078:
4821:"Middle Head Military Fortifications"
3577:Shepherds Hill military installations
3480:One of the tunnel systems in Sydney (
2476:
7913:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
5266:"Hezbollah: A Decade of Empowerment"
4903:Office of Environment & Heritage
4423:"Tunnelling and the First World War"
3379:
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
34:. For tunnels as a battlefield, see
5611:Vietnamese source on tunnel warfare
5519:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
5367:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
5047:
4712:"The Secret Tunnels Of East Sydney"
4684:
4127:Iranian supply of advanced weaponry
4059:
3187:Mines on the first day of the Somme
3170:Mines on the first day of the Somme
3153:Mines on the first day of the Somme
3122:Mines on the first day of the Somme
2753:on 10 August 1917, after which the
2736:to be placed under German lines at
24:
8053:Hamas government in the Gaza Strip
7720:Palestinian airborne arson attacks
7018:Naples underground geothermal zone
6353:Journey to the Center of the Earth
6255:Naples underground geothermal zone
5566:
5493:from the original on 26 April 2022
5427:
3894:where Palestinians captured three
2744:large craters and ranks among the
2331:Mining was a siege method used in
2289:system was used in the defense of
25:
8135:
6470:Research Centre for Deep Drilling
6465:International Union of Speleology
5592:
5184:. PeterBergen.com. Archived from
5176:Clarke, Richard A. (2006-01-22).
4899:New South Wales Heritage Database
4449:"Farmer who is sitting on a bomb"
4145:A Palestinian tunnel coming into
4120:'s own network of tunnels in the
3850:Palestine Liberation Organization
2536:
2346:
2192:
7293:Palestinian legislative election
5544:. Air Command and Staff College.
5515:Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006).
5380:Berlinger, Joshua (2023-10-28).
4951:
4843:
4780:
4517:
3803:started to dig tunnels close to
3636:Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
2836:
2820:
2800:
2777:
2719:beginning of the Somme offensive
2182:
181:
45:
8124:Urban guerrilla warfare tactics
7255:2004 Israeli operation in Rafah
6460:Institution of Mining Engineers
6225:Underground Great Wall of China
5655:
5548:Zhang, Song Shan (张嵩山) (2010),
5466:
5452:
5388:. Event occurs at 12:02 PM EDT
5373:
5355:
5330:
5318:Gross, Judah Ari (2019-01-13).
5311:
5299:
5258:
5199:
5169:
5139:
5125:
5116:
5102:
5091:Wright, Robin (2 August 2014).
5084:
5063:
4990:
4966:
4858:
4795:
4737:Sydney Harbour Federation Trust
4704:
4664:
4623:
4605:
4587:
4534:
4511:
4485:
4467:
4220:Royal United Services Institute
4040:
3679:Commonwealth of the Philippines
3443:
3374:
2464:Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)
2444:
2243:'s siege of the little town of
56:needs additional citations for
30:For the 1965 Chinese film, see
7607:March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes
7064:Forestiere Underground Gardens
6927:Underground mining (soft rock)
6922:Underground mining (hard rock)
6907:Subsurface utility engineering
6475:Society of Economic Geologists
6443:National Speleological Society
6393:Wonderland (fictional country)
5342:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
5246:. Long War Journal. 8 May 2014
4563:"The Durand Group: Vimy Ridge"
4440:
4415:
4394:
4367:
4358:
4340:
4007:
3757:
3581:NSW state heritage-listed site
3454:battles of the Western Pacific
3080:charges were eventually laid.
2843:Explosion of the mine beneath
2746:largest non-nuclear explosions
2581:
2449:
13:
1:
7250:Killing of Muhammad al-Durrah
5900:Subterranean rivers of London
5575:Underground Warfare 1914–1918
5550:Decipher Shangganling (解密上甘岭)
4241:Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
3941:
3692:
3571:. To the north of Sydney, in
3392:(地道战) was first used for the
2757:concentrated on constructing
2717:on the Western Front. At the
2660:were portrayed in fiction in
8043:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7790:Killing of Muhammad al-Na'im
6917:Underground mine ventilation
6433:National Mine Map Repository
5875:Jewel Cave National Monument
5577:. Pen & Sword Military.
4312:
4173:Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels
4000:just outside the village of
3360:
2713:, and the activities of the
2705:Well known examples are the
2254:Polybius also describes the
2187:
7:
7246:and aftermath in 2000–2005
7074:Underground House Las Vegas
6438:National Mining Association
6265:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
5529:. New York: D. Van Nostrand
4250:
4231:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3792:was based in caves made of
3291:Forest of Argonne: Bolante
3148:L'îlot/Granathof/Glory Hole
1600:Military–industrial complex
1079:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
8140:
8063:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
7069:Underground House Colorado
6998:Underground City, Montreal
6993:Underground City (Beijing)
6378:Tunnels in popular culture
6220:Underground City, Montreal
6215:Underground City (Beijing)
6160:816 Nuclear Military Plant
5890:Mammoth Cave National Park
5146:McGirk, Tim (2005-08-06).
4595:"Vauquois: The Mining War"
4581:
4447:Tweedie, N. (2004-01-12).
4262:Breastwork (fortification)
4227:for more on the subject.
4170:
4164:
3546:Middle Head Fortifications
3364:
2969:
2707:mines on the Italian Front
2640:. In addition to building
2480:
2433:general of Italian origin
29:
8076:Israeli support for Hamas
8028:
7905:
7893:
7846:
7823:
7800:
7777:
7742:
7702:
7679:
7641:
7594:
7559:
7519:
7450:
7379:
7356:
7322:2006 Gaza–Israel conflict
7280:
7212:
7192:History of the Gaza Strip
7174:
7113:
7100:Hockerton Housing Project
7087:
7051:
6935:
6883:
6821:
6680:
6649:
6641:Man-made and man-related
6488:
6405:
6330:
6309:
6302:
6185:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
6152:
5929:
5922:
5852:
5670:
5663:
4677:The Sydney Morning Herald
4131:Operation Northern Shield
4101:In July 2006, a group of
4045:Due to the prevalence of
3898:soldiers, who were later
3274:
3233:
3185:(1916); for details, see
3168:(1916); for details, see
3120:(1916); for details, see
3101:
3003:
2974:
2887:
2882:
2855:(July 1, 1916). Photo by
2761:for troop accommodation.
2723:19 mines of varying sizes
1664:Loss-of-strength gradient
521:Combat information center
7836:2022 Gaza–Israel clashes
7392:Egypt–Gaza border breach
7114:Earth shelters Australia
6894:underground construction
6551:Underground construction
6423:Cave Research Foundation
4412:, access date 2016-08-03
4171:Not to be confused with
4068:, rebel groups like the
4047:bunker-busting munitions
3913:Rocket propelled grenade
3752:United States Eight Army
3638:, Philippines President
3472:Australia–Japan Conflict
3410:Chinese Communist forces
3398:Second Sino-Japanese War
2549:with timber roof support
2402:with the development of
2326:
2265:
1982:Military science fiction
1467:Technology and equipment
888:List of military tactics
149:Second Sino-Japanese War
7813:Israel–Palestine crisis
6854:Missile launch facility
6037:Missile launch facility
5910:Wind Cave National Park
4400:les Vaux-de-Cernay, 53.
4020:with Bosnian territory.
3892:Battle of Sultan Yacoub
3748:Battle of Triangle Hill
3739:People's Volunteer Army
3652:re-taking of the island
3534:Sydney Harbour defences
3151:site; for details, see
2050:Wartime sexual violence
1806:Full-spectrum dominance
1617:Supply-chain management
7428:Israel–Hamas ceasefire
7310:Gaza cross-border raid
7265:2004 Israeli operation
7079:Underground World Home
6190:Chicago Tunnel Company
5829:Subterranean waterfall
4508:accessed 24 April 2015
4162:
4098:
4021:
3921:
3770:
3732:United Nations Command
3629:Ilagan Japanese Tunnel
3620:
3485:
3317:: Bois des Chevaliers
3136:Schwabenhöhe/Lochnagar
3010:Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée
2998:Battle of Aubers Ridge
2845:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt
2682:
2591:
2550:
2495:
2351:In warfare during the
2222:
1962:Awards and decorations
1935:Peace through strength
1910:Low-intensity conflict
1544:Conscientious objector
1417:Area of responsibility
151:
7544:Gaza Freedom Flotilla
7270:Israeli disengagement
7260:2004 Beit Hanoun raid
6968:Kőbánya cellar system
6963:Houston tunnel system
6902:Rock-cut architecture
6205:Kőbánya cellar system
6195:Houston tunnel system
6175:Almadén Mercury Mines
6170:The Caves of Ægissíða
5573:Jones, Simon (2010).
5540:Ulmer, D. S. (2008).
5523:Ernst, O. H. (1873).
4697:Sydney Morning Herald
4479:www.firstworldwar.com
4379:penelope.uchicago.edu
4267:Early thermal weapons
4212:2023 Israel-Hamas war
4165:Further information:
4144:
4096:
4015:
3905:
3896:Israel Defense Forces
3765:
3611:
3506:Royal Australian Navy
3479:
2680:
2589:
2544:
2490:
2435:Raimondo Montecuccoli
2213:
554:Torpedo data computer
544:Ship gun fire-control
146:
8114:Military engineering
8068:Gaza Strip blockade
8058:Fatah–Hamas conflict
7715:Gaza border protests
7692:Freedom Flotilla III
7463:Gaza War (2008–2009)
7440:Gaza War (2008–2009)
7416:Beit Hanoun incident
7404:Operation Hot Winter
7346:Beit Hanoun shelling
7305:Gaza beach explosion
7187:Palestinian refugees
7168:Gaza–Israel conflict
7043:Subterranean fiction
7038:Subterranean warfare
6600:Subterranean warfare
6373:Subterranea (comics)
6358:Moria (Middle-earth)
6338:Allegory of the cave
6322:Subterranean fiction
5148:"Moscow's Graveyard"
5023:corregidorisland.com
4522:. www.greatwar.co.uk
4302:Subterranean warfare
4137:Israel-Gaza Conflict
4111:Lebanese-Israeli war
4109:, which started the
4089:Lebanese-Israeli War
3990:September 11 attacks
3903:Be'eri has written:
3667:Battle of Corregidor
3522:Georges Head Battery
3494:entered and attacked
3408:. Particularly, the
3302:: Butte de Vauquois
3070:Battle of Vimy Ridge
3066:Battle of Vimy Ridge
3050:Battle of Vimy Ridge
2904:Hooge in World War I
2700:Battle of Vimy Ridge
2642:underground shelters
2509:Battle of the Crater
2505:Petersburg, Virginia
2498:In 1864, during the
2493:Petersburg, Virginia
2483:Battle of the Crater
2276:Revolt of the Batavi
2197:The Greek historian
2080:Military occupations
1915:Military engineering
1817:Unrestricted Warfare
1674:Force multiplication
572:Military manoeuvrers
65:improve this article
36:Subterranean warfare
8048:Gaza–Israel barrier
7767:Gaza–Israel clashes
7755:Gaza–Israel clashes
7732:Gaza–Israel clashes
7572:Freedom Flotilla II
7532:Israel–Gaza clashes
7227:Khan Yunis massacre
7197:History of Ashkelon
7033:Subterranean Toledo
7028:Subterranean London
6948:Caves of Maastricht
6912:Tunnel construction
6693:Burial vault (tomb)
6556:Tunnel construction
6280:Subterranean Toledo
6275:Subterranean London
6165:Caves of Maastricht
5324:The Times of Israel
5180:The Washington Post
5069:Major Allen D.Reece
5029:on 8 September 2007
4454:The Daily Telegraph
4082:Syrian Armed Forces
3828:Sino-Vietnamese War
3589:attack on Newcastle
3554:Steel Point Battery
3510:a series of tunnels
3452:themselves. In the
3267:: Main de Massiges
3257:Battle of the Hills
3183:Battle of the Somme
3166:Battle of the Somme
3118:Battle of the Somme
3096:Carrière Wellington
3044:Givenchy-en-Gohelle
2865:
2692:Battle of the Somme
2606:by tunneling under
2574:, emplacements had
2500:Siege of Petersburg
2394:Coming of gunpowder
2319:in 256/7 AD during
2241:Philip V of Macedon
1766:Penal military unit
1751:Rules of engagement
1427:Command and control
1052:Operations research
516:Director (military)
506:Fire-control system
276:Command and control
157:Part of a series on
7549:Gaza flotilla raid
6988:Underground living
6870:Underground hangar
6578:Mining engineering
6563:Underground living
6388:Underland (Narnia)
6303:Fictional features
6082:Underground hangar
5824:Subterranean river
5819:Subterranean fauna
5604:2012-12-27 at the
5510:General references
5479:The New York Times
5413:The New York Times
5369:. 4 November 2017.
5222:The New York Times
4599:www.webmatters.net
4544:. 28 January 2023.
4163:
4161:, 10 December 2017
4122:demilitarized zone
4099:
4022:
3771:
3621:
3596:and at Tomaree on
3538:Henry Head Battery
3486:
3326:Meurthe-et-Moselle
3252:: Butte de Tahure
3240:Perthes-lès-Hurlus
3016:William Hackett VC
2863:
2829:Battle of Messines
2696:mines on the Somme
2687:British tunnellers
2683:
2592:
2551:
2526:Siege of Vicksburg
2496:
2477:American Civil War
2423:had such tunnels.
2335:from at least the
2321:Roman–Persian wars
2285:large underground
1875:Counter-insurgency
1796:Command of the sea
1741:Jewish laws on war
1716:Geneva Conventions
1252:Divide and conquer
1047:Military operation
1012:Tactical objective
511:Fire-control radar
488:Electronic-warfare
152:
8091:
8090:
7134:
7133:
7088:Earth shelters UK
7059:Bill Gates' house
7052:Earth shelters US
6822:Military features
6813:Ventilation shaft
6681:Civilian features
6608:
6607:
6496:Cave conservation
6401:
6400:
6298:
6297:
6144:Ventilation shaft
5923:Man-made features
5918:
5917:
5584:978-1-84415-962-8
5559:978-7-200-08113-8
5048:Duckeck, Jochen.
4700:. 1 October 2023.
4680:. 1 October 2023.
4364:Polyb. 10.31.6–10
4257:Attrition warfare
4026:Siege of Sarajevo
3790:Ho Chi Minh Trail
3671:Douglas MacArthur
3418:Chinese Civil War
3402:counterinsurgency
3380:Sino-Japanese War
3358:
3357:
3315:Vaux-lès-Palameix
3283:: La Fille Morte
3281:Forest of Argonne
3094:(1917); also see
2809:Butte de Vauquois
2728:In January 1917,
2667:Mountains on Fire
2638:logistics support
2634:mining operations
2454:As early as 1840
2410:Ivan the Terrible
2386:, or construct a
2298:Bar Kokhba revolt
2162:Since antiquity,
2153:
2152:
2045:Horses in warfare
1992:Anti-war movement
1895:Gunboat diplomacy
1885:Disaster response
1833:Philosophy of war
1828:Principles of war
1801:Deterrence theory
1746:Right of conquest
1669:Lanchester's laws
1437:Principles of war
1127:Counter-offensive
1112:Military campaign
1017:Target saturation
940:Counterinsurgency
549:Gun data computer
483:Close air support
445:Aircraft carriers
141:
140:
133:
115:
18:Mining (military)
16:(Redirected from
8131:
8119:Military tactics
8071:
7883:Israel–Hamas war
7879:
7867:
7855:
7832:
7809:
7786:
7763:
7751:
7728:
7711:
7688:
7665:
7650:
7615:
7603:
7580:
7568:
7540:
7528:
7505:
7493:
7459:
7436:
7424:
7412:
7400:
7388:
7365:
7342:
7330:
7318:
7301:
7289:
7223:
7204:History of Hamas
7161:
7154:
7147:
7138:
7137:
7095:Underhill, Holme
7003:Mine exploration
6865:Underground base
6860:Scallywag bunker
6829:Air raid shelter
6808:Smuggling tunnel
6773:Underground city
6713:Dugout (shelter)
6650:Natural features
6635:
6628:
6621:
6612:
6611:
6573:Mine exploration
6348:Greek Underworld
6307:
6306:
6285:Turda Salt Mines
6270:Shanghai tunnels
6134:Smuggling tunnel
6077:Underground base
6072:Underground city
5987:Dugout (shelter)
5937:Air raid shelter
5927:
5926:
5885:Lechuguilla Cave
5865:Castellana Caves
5834:Underground lake
5668:
5667:
5664:Natural features
5650:
5643:
5636:
5627:
5626:
5588:
5562:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5271:. Archived from
5270:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:on June 28, 2008
5154:. Archived from
5143:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5050:"Malinta Tunnel"
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5025:. Archived from
5019:"Malinta Tunnel"
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4970:
4964:
4955:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4925:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4883:on 28 July 2008.
4879:. Archived from
4873:
4872:on 28 July 2008.
4868:. Archived from
4862:
4856:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4799:
4793:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4735:(PDF brochure).
4734:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4635:movie.douban.com
4627:
4621:
4620:
4617:movie.douban.com
4609:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4495:. Archived from
4489:
4483:
4482:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4425:. Archived from
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4356:
4344:
4338:
4326:
4282:Maneuver warfare
4066:Syrian civil war
4060:Syrian Civil War
4054:maneuver warfare
3888:1982 Lebanon War
3767:Vịnh Mốc tunnels
3699:Korean Peninsula
3683:Manuel L. Quezon
3640:Manuel L. Quezon
3569:Drummond Battery
3559:Furthermore, in
3367:Battle of Gondra
3307:Battle of Verdun
2866:
2862:
2840:
2824:
2804:
2781:
2743:
2732:gave orders for
2711:blasting gelatin
2630:mountain warfare
2555:smokeless powder
2530:Ulysses S. Grant
2230:chemical warfare
2169:Syrian Civil War
2145:
2138:
2131:
1900:Humanitarian aid
1838:Security dilemma
1659:Power projection
1442:Economy of force
1422:Chain of command
1137:Defence in depth
1122:Commerce raiding
945:Defeat in detail
281:Defense ministry
185:
176:
175:
166:
154:
153:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
80:"Tunnel warfare"
73:
49:
41:
21:
8139:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8081:Divide and rule
8069:
8030:
8024:
7901:
7889:
7877:
7865:
7859:Al-Aqsa clashes
7853:
7842:
7830:
7819:
7807:
7796:
7784:
7773:
7761:
7749:
7738:
7726:
7709:
7698:
7686:
7675:
7663:
7648:
7637:
7613:
7601:
7590:
7578:
7566:
7555:
7538:
7526:
7515:
7503:
7497:Israeli attacks
7491:
7457:
7446:
7434:
7422:
7410:
7398:
7386:
7375:
7363:
7352:
7340:
7328:
7316:
7299:
7287:
7276:
7244:Second Intifada
7219:
7208:
7170:
7165:
7135:
7130:
7126:Lightning Ridge
7109:
7083:
7047:
6931:
6892:
6879:
6849:Fallout shelter
6817:
6676:
6645:
6639:
6609:
6604:
6484:
6397:
6326:
6294:
6200:Kosvinsky Kamen
6148:
6007:Fallout shelter
5977:Crypt Mausoleum
5914:
5905:Veryovkina Cave
5895:Reed Flute Cave
5848:
5755:Solutional cave
5703:Communal burrow
5659:
5654:
5606:Wayback Machine
5595:
5585:
5569:
5567:Further reading
5560:
5532:
5530:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5494:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5457:
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5432:
5428:
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5360:
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5017:
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5000:
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4991:
4982:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4944:
4942:
4926:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4895:"Fort Drummond"
4892:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4836:
4834:
4818:
4814:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4773:
4771:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4718:. 15 June 2023.
4710:
4709:
4705:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4646:
4642:
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4611:
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4606:
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4468:
4459:
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4421:
4420:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4345:
4341:
4327:
4320:
4315:
4253:
4245:nuclear bombing
4233:
4176:
4169:
4139:
4091:
4062:
4043:
4034:Sarajevo Tunnel
4010:
3974:Osama bin Laden
3944:
3868:Khalil al-Wazir
3852:
3760:
3728:prisoner of war
3695:
3606:
3585:Fort Scratchley
3565:Illowra Battery
3550:Malabar Battery
3474:
3446:
3382:
3377:
3369:
3363:
3211:: Bois St Mard
3092:Battle of Arras
3034:Loos-en-Gohelle
2859:
2841:
2832:
2825:
2816:
2811:memorial site,
2807:Mine craters –
2805:
2796:
2782:
2741:
2623:First World War
2600:First World War
2596:military tactic
2584:
2539:
2485:
2479:
2456:Eduard Totleben
2452:
2447:
2396:
2380:cheval de frise
2349:
2329:
2268:
2247:, according to
2217:siege artillery
2195:
2190:
2185:
2149:
2120:
2119:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2025:
2017:
2016:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1920:Multilateralism
1905:Law enforcement
1865:
1855:
1854:
1823:Just war theory
1781:
1771:
1770:
1721:Geneva Protocol
1691:
1681:
1680:
1654:
1644:
1643:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1287:Network-centric
1207:
1197:
1196:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1042:
1032:
1031:
980:Rapid dominance
885:
875:
874:
830:Electromagnetic
739:
729:
728:
715:
668:
616:
592:
582:
581:
577:Combat training
558:
535:
501:Combat systems:
497:
459:
455:Auxiliary ships
421:
381:
377:Military police
343:
266:
256:
255:
195:
169:
168:
167:
162:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8137:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8104:Tunnel warfare
8089:
8088:
8086:
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8084:
8083:
8073:
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7408:
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7406:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7383:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7369:Battle of Gaza
7360:
7358:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7326:
7325:
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7307:
7297:
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7282:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7241:
7239:First Intifada
7236:
7235:
7234:
7232:Rafah massacre
7229:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7189:
7184:
7178:
7176:
7172:
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7164:
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7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
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7102:
7097:
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7084:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7008:Mines of Paris
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6983:Trench warfare
6980:
6978:Tunnel network
6975:
6973:Tunnel warfare
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6936:Related topics
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6788:Secret passage
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
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6678:
6677:
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6674:
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6664:
6659:
6653:
6651:
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6646:
6638:
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6630:
6623:
6615:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6546:Trench warfare
6543:
6541:Tunnel network
6538:
6536:Tunnel warfare
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6492:
6490:
6489:Related topics
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6245:Mount Yamantau
6242:
6237:
6235:Mines of Paris
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6109:
6104:
6102:Secret passage
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:Hang Sơn Đoòng
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:Lava tree mold
5774:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5594:
5593:External links
5591:
5590:
5589:
5583:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5545:
5538:
5520:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5465:
5451:
5441:. 18 July 2024
5426:
5398:
5372:
5354:
5329:
5310:
5298:
5281:
5278:on 2014-08-08.
5257:
5235:
5207:
5198:
5168:
5138:
5124:
5115:
5101:
5096:The New Yorker
5083:
5071:
5062:
5040:
5010:
4989:
4965:
4915:
4886:
4857:
4812:
4794:
4749:
4721:
4703:
4683:
4663:
4648:Staff writer.
4640:
4622:
4604:
4586:
4574:
4547:
4533:
4518:Legg, Joanna.
4510:
4484:
4466:
4439:
4414:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4366:
4357:
4339:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:Trench warfare
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:Explosive mine
4269:
4264:
4259:
4252:
4249:
4232:
4229:
4138:
4135:
4090:
4087:
4061:
4058:
4042:
4039:
4009:
4006:
3994:Battle of Jaji
3968:special forces
3943:
3940:
3924:Imad Mughniyeh
3858:in the 1970s,
3851:
3848:
3836:NLF guerrillas
3832:Củ Chi tunnels
3759:
3756:
3741:under General
3694:
3691:
3660: (DD-509)
3648:Malinta Tunnel
3605:
3602:
3498:Sydney Harbour
3473:
3470:
3445:
3442:
3404:operations in
3390:tunnel warfare
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3365:Main article:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3318:
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3200:
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3190:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3112:Hawthorn Ridge
3108:Beaumont-Hamel
3105:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3040:
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2891:
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2876:
2873:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2842:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2790:Croonaert Wood
2783:
2776:
2730:General Plumer
2670:film of 1931.
2604:trench warfare
2583:
2580:
2538:
2537:Modern warfare
2535:
2513:William Mahone
2478:
2475:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2395:
2392:
2348:
2347:Post-classical
2345:
2337:Warring States
2328:
2325:
2305:counter-mining
2267:
2264:
2194:
2193:Ancient Greece
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2156:Tunnel warfare
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Military terms
2082:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1843:Tripwire force
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1776:
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1772:
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1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
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1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1592:
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1580:
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1572:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
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1536:
1531:
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1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1478:
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1473:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
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1439:
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1429:
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1419:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1365:Administrative
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:New generation
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1267:Fleet in being
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1205:Grand strategy
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:Scorched earth
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Deep operation
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
910:
905:
895:
886:
881:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
870:Unconventional
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
818:
816:Disinformation
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
787:
786:
781:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
740:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
721:
714:
713:
712:
711:
710:
709:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
662:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
593:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
567:Basic training
564:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
496:
495:
493:Reconnaissance
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
420:
419:
414:
412:Special forces
409:
404:
403:
402:
392:
387:
380:
379:
374:
369:
367:Reconnaissance
364:
359:
354:
349:
342:
341:
332:
327:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
236:
235:
234:
229:
219:
218:
217:
210:Post-classical
207:
202:
196:
191:
190:
187:
186:
178:
177:
159:
158:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8136:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8027:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7892:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7768:
7765:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7725:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7701:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7652:2014 Gaza War
7647:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7597:
7593:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7558:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7502:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7162:
7157:
7155:
7150:
7148:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6953:Civil defense
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6839:Blast shelter
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6793:Semi-basement
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6768:Utility vault
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6753:Rock-cut tomb
6751:
6749:
6748:Rapid transit
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6723:Earth shelter
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6531:Civil defense
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6521:Cave painting
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:Organisations
6404:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Mustang Caves
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:Semi-basement
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:Subway system
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6067:Utility vault
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6052:Rock-cut tomb
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6042:Passage grave
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Earth shelter
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Blast shelter
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5921:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5880:Kazumura Cave
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:Volcanic pipe
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5787:Maternity den
5785:
5783:
5782:Magma chamber
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:Burrow fossil
5696:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5651:
5646:
5644:
5639:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5586:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5561:
5555:
5551:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5528:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5461:
5455:
5440:
5439:The Economist
5436:
5430:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5302:
5295:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5274:
5267:
5261:
5245:
5239:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5211:
5202:
5188:on 2007-04-22
5187:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5142:
5134:
5128:
5119:
5111:
5105:
5097:
5094:
5087:
5081:, p. 59.
5080:
5075:
5066:
5051:
5044:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5014:
4999:
4993:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4962:
4959:
4954:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4854:
4851:
4846:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4808:
4807:NSW Gold CLub
4804:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4738:
4731:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4651:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4543:
4537:
4521:
4514:
4499:on 2015-05-10
4498:
4494:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4443:
4429:on 2011-10-21
4428:
4424:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4361:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4297:Siege warfare
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4189:In 2017, the
4187:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4070:Islamic Front
4067:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:combined arms
4048:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3986:Mohammed Atef
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3958:and then the
3957:
3953:
3952:Soviet troops
3949:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3881:Lebanese Army
3877:
3876:Ain al-Hilweh
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:Yasser Arafat
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:North Vietnam
3814:
3810:
3809:Dien Bien Phu
3806:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:South Vietnam
3768:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3687:Sergio Osmeña
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3599:
3598:Port Stephens
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:in 1941, the
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3372:
3368:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
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3201:
3197:
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3132:
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3119:
3115:
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3109:
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3097:
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3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Pas-de-Calais
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2965:
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2945:: Wytschaete
2944:
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2927:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2909:
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2905:
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2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:West Flanders
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2857:Ernest Brooks
2854:
2850:
2849:Western Front
2846:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2794:Ypres Salient
2791:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2734:over 20 mines
2731:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2694:in 1916 (see
2693:
2688:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2646:no man's land
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:Italian Front
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:no man's land
2605:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2545:Example of a
2543:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:Cold Mountain
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2460:
2457:
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2417:
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2411:
2407:
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2391:
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2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:ancient China
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:Roman legions
2279:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2183:Pre-Gunpowder
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:Warrior caste
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:Show of force
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Peacebuilding
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
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1868:
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1818:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Air supremacy
1784:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Islamic rules
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:Court-martial
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1672:
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1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Arms industry
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1567:
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1527:
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1512:
1510:
1507:
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1502:
1500:
1497:
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1481:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1463:
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1425:
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1411:
1406:
1405:
1398:
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1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
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1366:
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1360:
1353:
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1348:
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1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Broken-backed
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:Expeditionary
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Counterattack
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
884:
879:
878:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Psychological
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Combined arms
794:
792:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:
733:
732:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
669:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Fortification
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
621:
618:
617:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
594:
591:
586:
585:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
456:
453:
451:
450:Landing craft
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
336:
335:Standing army
333:
331:
328:
326:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
265:
260:
259:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
227:pike and shot
225:
224:
223:
220:
216:
213:
212:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
189:
188:
184:
180:
179:
173:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
8109:Land warfare
8070:(since 2007)
6972:
6943:Cave dweller
6803:Storm cellar
6535:
6501:Cave dweller
6363:Nome Kingdom
6317:Hollow Earth
6230:Maginot Line
6129:Storm cellar
5947:Burial vault
5809:Rock shelter
5720:Glacier cave
5574:
5549:
5541:
5531:. Retrieved
5525:
5516:
5495:. Retrieved
5478:
5468:
5454:
5443:. Retrieved
5438:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5411:
5401:
5390:. Retrieved
5385:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5345:. Retrieved
5341:
5332:
5323:
5313:
5301:
5273:the original
5260:
5248:. Retrieved
5238:
5226:. Retrieved
5220:
5210:
5201:
5190:. Retrieved
5186:the original
5179:
5171:
5160:. Retrieved
5156:the original
5151:
5141:
5127:
5118:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5074:
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5043:
5031:. Retrieved
5027:the original
5022:
5013:
5001:. Retrieved
4992:
4981:. Retrieved
4977:
4968:
4943:. Retrieved
4932:
4906:. Retrieved
4898:
4889:
4881:the original
4870:the original
4860:
4835:. Retrieved
4824:
4815:
4806:
4797:
4772:. Retrieved
4761:
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4724:
4715:
4706:
4695:
4686:
4675:
4666:
4654:. Retrieved
4643:
4634:
4625:
4616:
4607:
4598:
4589:
4582:Boire (1992)
4577:
4566:. Retrieved
4536:
4524:. Retrieved
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4497:the original
4487:
4478:
4469:
4458:. Retrieved
4452:
4442:
4431:. Retrieved
4427:the original
4417:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4350:
4342:
4332:
4234:
4209:
4195:
4188:
4180:Israeli Army
4177:
4115:
4100:
4063:
4044:
4041:21st century
4030:Bosnian Army
4023:
3997:
3972:
3945:
3922:
3906:
3885:
3853:
3825:
3815:, leader of
3798:
3788:Part of the
3787:
3772:
3737:The Chinese
3736:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:North Korean
3696:
3664:
3657:
3633:
3622:
3558:
3500:in 1942. In
3487:
3447:
3444:US–Japan War
3435:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3375:World War II
3370:
3350:Ammerzwiller
3225:Berry-au-Bac
3209:Tracy-le-Val
3146:
3140:
3134:
3129:La Boisselle
3077:
3073:
2808:
2785:
2763:
2759:deep dugouts
2727:
2704:
2684:
2672:
2665:
2662:Luis Trenker
2627:
2612:
2593:
2572:machine guns
2552:
2547:mine gallery
2523:
2516:
2497:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2445:19th century
2428:
2425:
2418:
2408:
2397:
2384:forlorn hope
2382:to hinder a
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2330:
2309:Dura-Europos
2302:
2295:
2280:
2274:. After the
2269:
2253:
2234:
2223:
2214:
2202:
2196:
2177:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2055:Fifth column
2035:War resister
2030:Women in war
1925:Peacekeeping
1870:Arms control
1815:
1504:Mobilization
1499:Conscription
1457:Intelligence
1410:Organization
1056:
985:Encirclement
865:Radiological
801:Conventional
659:
655:Subterranean
562:Development:
561:
538:
500:
462:
425:Naval units:
424:
417:Signal corps
384:
362:Intelligence
347:Specialties:
346:
271:Organization
222:Early modern
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
7121:Coober Pedy
7013:Mole people
6958:Coober Pedy
6875:Spider hole
6758:Root cellar
6643:subterranea
6583:Mole people
6568:Mine rescue
6516:Cave rescue
6506:Cave diving
6250:Mogao Caves
6180:Coober Pedy
6139:Spider hole
6117:Septic tank
6057:Root cellar
5708:Paleoburrow
5657:Subterranea
5308:, 7/27/2014
4118:North Korea
4064:During the
4008:Bosnian War
3978:Afghan Arab
3854:During the
3840:Vietnam War
3838:during the
3813:Ho Chi Minh
3783:tunnel rats
3758:Vietnam War
3665:During the
3623:During the
3618:Philippines
3438:war tourism
3018:was killed
2981:Armentières
2853:World War I
2788:trenches,
2650:Col di Lana
2621:during the
2598:during the
2582:World War I
2524:During the
2450:Crimean War
2353:Middle Ages
2239:was during
2040:War studies
1863:Non-warfare
1791:Appeasement
1756:Martial law
1595:War economy
1534:Transgender
1487:Recruitment
1247:Containment
1132:Culminating
1040:Operational
960:Envelopment
903:Air assault
784:Air cavalry
744:Air defence
724:Information
625:Cold-region
590:Battlespace
539:Historical:
385:Land units:
311:Space force
306:Coast guard
239:Late modern
200:Prehistoric
8098:Categories
8038:Gaza Strip
7478:Casualties
6595:Speleology
6588:in fiction
6368:Pellucidar
6210:Kome Caves
5860:Balve Cave
5804:Pit crater
5760:Talus cave
5683:Ant colony
5533:2007-11-19
5445:2024-08-14
5392:2023-11-06
5192:2007-08-05
5162:2007-08-04
5079:Zhang 2010
4983:2018-05-10
4716:Jason Boon
4631:"地道战 (豆瓣)"
4613:"地道战 (豆瓣)"
4568:2016-08-03
4503:2010-06-21
4460:2010-05-17
4433:2012-01-03
4391:Ebrey, 29.
4205:Gaza metro
4151:Gaza Strip
4032:built the
3956:Mujahideen
3948:Afghan War
3942:Afghan War
3723:Korean War
3693:Korean War
3644:Corregidor
3614:Corregidor
3561:Wollongong
3542:Botany Bay
3528:in 1999),
3508:excavated
3430:Tunnel War
3427:The movie
3414:Kuomintang
3386:tunnel war
3346:Bernwiller
3142:Y Sap mine
2943:Heuvelland
2786:Bayernwald
2698:) and the
2481:See also:
2317:Sassanians
2100:War crimes
2090:Operations
1997:Foot drill
1967:Battle cry
1880:deterrence
1539:Harassment
1514:Specialism
1337:Technology
1332:Succession
1277:Liberation
1212:Asymmetric
1147:Empty fort
1058:Blitzkrieg
1027:Withdrawal
990:Investment
769:Camouflage
764:Biological
702:Underwater
677:Amphibious
596:Aerospace
463:Air units:
440:Submarines
249:fourth-gen
244:industrial
232:napoleonic
121:April 2015
91:newspapers
32:Tunnel War
7928:2002–2006
7629:Reactions
7473:Incidents
6889:quarrying
6783:Wine cave
6703:Catacombs
6511:Cave gate
6383:Underdark
6331:Exemplars
6153:Exemplars
6092:Wine cave
5967:Catacombs
5853:Exemplars
5750:Show cave
5740:Lava tube
5735:Lava cave
5487:0362-4331
5055:14 August
5033:14 August
5003:14 August
4958:CC-BY 4.0
4908:9 January
4850:CC-BY 4.0
4803:"History"
4787:CC-BY 4.0
4742:5 October
4584:pp. 22–23
4352:Histories
4334:Histories
4313:Citations
4277:Land mine
4201:Gaza City
4149:from the
4103:Hezbollah
3998:al-Masada
3964:Tora Bora
3936:Hezbollah
3930:'s elite
3900:exchanged
3821:Viet Cong
3801:Viet Minh
3743:Qin Jiwei
3718:weapons.
3656:USS
3573:Newcastle
3514:air raids
3394:guerrilla
3384:The term
3361:Chaco War
3341:Haut-Rhin
3194:Dompierre
2932:The Bluff
2875:Location
2658:Marmolada
2576:loopholes
2568:artillery
2470:The Times
2404:gunpowder
2376:camouflet
2260:Parthians
2256:Seleucids
2245:Prinassos
2226:Aetolians
2204:Histories
2201:, in his
2188:Antiquity
1987:War novel
1890:Grey-zone
1850:War games
1811:Overmatch
1761:War crime
1711:Desertion
1701:Ceasefire
1696:Armistice
1583:Logistics
1561:Mercenary
1549:Volunteer
1480:Personnel
1452:Engineers
1397:Sociology
1352:World war
1347:Total war
1327:Strategic
1317:Religious
1302:Political
1297:Perpetual
1272:Irregular
1187:Offensive
1162:Defensive
1157:Deception
1117:Attrition
970:Guerrilla
965:Formation
908:Airbridge
840:Loitering
754:Artillery
407:Artillery
357:Engineers
325:Irregular
296:Air force
7762:November
7624:Timeline
7468:Timeline
7213:Pre-2006
6844:Casemate
6798:Stepwell
6738:Hypogeum
6728:Erdstall
6718:Dry well
6698:Borehole
6688:Basement
6672:Sinkhole
6124:Stepwell
6112:Sewerage
6022:Hypogeum
6002:Erdstall
5992:Dry well
5972:Casemate
5952:Borehole
5942:Basement
5814:Sinkhole
5745:Pit Cave
5730:Ice cave
5602:Archived
5497:22 April
5491:Archived
4941:. H01806
4833:. H00999
4770:. H00987
4347:Polybius
4329:Polybius
4251:See also
4237:Mariupol
4184:Islamist
4155:Kissufim
4074:Al-Nusra
4018:Sarajevo
3982:al-Qaeda
3932:Force 17
3874:and the
3673:and the
3658:Converse
3594:Stockton
3466:Iwo Jima
3450:Japanese
3300:Vauquois
3265:Massiges
3250:Aubérive
3160:Fricourt
3145:and the
2957:Messines
2869:Country
2815:, France
2813:Vauquois
2751:Givenchy
2738:Messines
2654:Lagazuoi
2563:dynamite
2431:Austrian
2311:, which
2287:aqueduct
2249:Polybius
2209:Ambracia
2199:Polybius
2002:War song
1977:War film
1610:Materiel
1529:Children
1509:Training
1447:Medicine
1432:Doctrine
1387:Training
1322:Resource
1307:Princely
1257:Economic
1242:Conquest
1237:Colonial
1232:Cold war
1217:Blockade
1102:Strategy
1074:Maneuver
835:Infantry
791:Chemical
645:Mountain
605:Airborne
468:Fighters
435:Warships
390:Infantry
316:Reserves
264:Military
8029:Related
7878:October
7871:Clashes
7687:May–Jun
7492:Feb–Mar
7483:Effects
7423:Jun–Dec
7399:Feb–Mar
7387:Jan–Feb
7329:Oct–Nov
7317:Jun–Nov
7175:History
7105:Malator
7023:Sapping
6743:Manhole
6708:Dungeon
6418:Bergamt
6343:Batcave
6290:Yaodong
6027:Manhole
6017:Foxhole
5982:Dungeon
5688:Aquifer
5347:2 April
4978:Rappler
4961:licence
4853:licence
4790:licence
4355:. 16.11
4337:. 21.28
4292:Sapping
4028:in the
3960:Taliban
3862:leader
3721:In the
3697:On the
3634:In the
3544:), the
3458:Peleliu
3416:during
3331:Reillon
3259:(1917)
3052:(1917)
3024:Cuinchy
2926:St Eloi
2924:Ypres:
2912:Hill 60
2910:Ypres:
2884:Belgium
2872:Region
2851:during
2847:on the
2770:ammonal
2766:St Eloi
2615:Western
2613:On the
2559:cordite
2462:In the
2421:Kremlin
2388:coupure
2341:bellows
2315:to the
2164:sappers
2115:Writers
2110:Weapons
2075:Battles
2024:Related
2012:Wargame
2007:Uniform
1955:Culture
1736:Perfidy
1731:Justice
1652:Science
1637:Outpost
1590:History
1570:Warrior
1566:Soldier
1554:foreign
1492:counter
1392:Service
1342:Theater
1282:Limited
1262:Endemic
1177:Nuclear
950:Foxhole
925:Cavalry
913:Airdrop
898:Airlift
883:Tactics
855:Nuclear
845:Missile
774:Cavalry
759:Barrage
737:Weapons
697:Surface
478:Command
473:Bombers
430:Frogman
400:Cavalry
372:Medical
339:Militia
321:Regular
301:Marines
215:castles
205:Ancient
193:History
172:outline
105:scholar
8031:topics
7664:August
6885:Mining
6856:(silo)
6834:Bunker
6763:Tunnel
6667:Grotto
6662:Cenote
6526:Caving
6448:Grotto
6062:Tunnel
6047:Quarry
5957:Bunker
5844:Warren
5767:Cenote
5725:Grotto
5693:Burrow
5678:Alcove
5581:
5556:
5485:
5419:17 Jan
4945:2 June
4837:2 June
4774:2 June
4656:14 May
4526:18 May
4410:online
4287:Sapper
4147:Israel
3917:Beirut
3872:Beirut
3844:Saigon
3830:. The
3805:Saigon
3779:Cu Chi
3675:USAFFE
3627:, the
3616:, the
3575:, the
3502:Sydney
3462:Tarawa
3177:Mametz
3139:, the
3078:Wombat
3074:Wombat
3060:Ridge
2993:Ridge
2991:Aubers
2971:France
2959:Ridge
2878:Notes
2439:Vauban
2372:sortie
2237:Greece
2173:Aleppo
2095:Sieges
1779:Theory
1519:Morale
1377:Policy
1372:Branch
1152:Mosaic
1142:Fabian
1089:Covert
1022:Trench
1007:Screen
930:Charge
920:Battle
893:Aerial
811:Denial
779:Horses
707:Seabed
660:Tunnel
640:Jungle
630:Desert
600:Aerial
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
7918:Lists
7906:Lists
6891:, and
6733:Fogou
6310:Types
6012:Fogou
5930:Types
5772:Karst
5671:Types
5276:(PDF)
5269:(PDF)
5250:9 May
5228:9 May
4733:(PDF)
4216:Hamas
4214:that
4197:Hamas
4159:Nirim
3928:Fatah
3794:karst
3406:Hebei
3276:Meuse
3235:Marne
3220:Aisne
3103:Somme
3086:Arras
2898:Hooge
2894:Ypres
2414:Kazan
2412:took
2400:Italy
2327:China
2272:Roman
2266:Roman
2068:Lists
1524:Women
1462:Ranks
1382:Staff
1312:Proxy
1227:Class
1182:Naval
1167:Depth
1002:Swarm
995:Siege
975:Naval
955:Drone
850:Music
825:Robot
821:Drone
806:Cyber
749:Armor
719:Cyber
692:Green
687:Brown
650:Urban
610:Space
531:Radar
526:Sonar
395:Armor
352:Staff
330:Ranks
112:JSTOR
98:books
8018:2024
8013:2023
8008:2022
8003:2021
7998:2020
7993:2019
7988:2018
7983:2017
7978:2016
7973:2015
7968:2014
7963:2013
7958:2012
7953:2011
7948:2010
7943:2009
7938:2008
7933:2007
7923:2001
7894:2024
7847:2023
7824:2022
7801:2021
7778:2020
7743:2019
7703:2018
7680:2015
7649:July
7642:2014
7595:2012
7560:2011
7520:2010
7451:2009
7380:2008
7357:2007
7281:2006
7221:1956
6778:Well
6657:Cave
6087:Well
6032:Mine
5792:Nest
5715:Cave
5579:ISBN
5554:ISBN
5499:2022
5483:ISSN
5421:2024
5349:2018
5252:2014
5230:2014
5152:Time
5057:2007
5035:2007
5005:2007
4947:2018
4910:2021
4839:2018
4776:2018
4744:2014
4658:2023
4528:2013
4182:and
4157:and
4078:ISIS
4076:and
4049:and
4002:Jaji
3962:was
3685:and
3579:, a
3567:and
3496:the
3204:Oise
3058:Vimy
2976:Nord
2934:and
2656:and
2632:and
2617:and
2570:and
2561:and
2429:The
2313:fell
2291:Rome
2258:and
2224:The
2105:Wars
1622:Base
1172:Goal
1084:Raid
682:Blue
620:Land
291:Navy
286:Army
84:news
7866:May
7854:Apr
7831:Aug
7808:May
7785:Feb
7750:May
7727:Nov
7710:Mar
7614:Nov
7602:Mar
7579:Aug
7567:Jul
7539:May
7527:Mar
7504:Apr
7458:Jan
7435:Dec
7411:Apr
7364:Jun
7341:Nov
7300:Jun
7288:Jan
5797:Bee
5386:CNN
3909:RPG
3860:PLO
3734:."
3646:'s
3388:or
2664:'s
2171:in
1689:Law
1632:FOB
1627:MOB
672:Sea
164:War
67:by
8100::
6887:,
5489:.
5481:.
5477:.
5437:.
5410:.
5384:.
5365:.
5340:.
5322:.
5284:^
5219:.
5150:.
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4976:.
4937:.
4931:.
4918:^
4901:.
4897:.
4829:.
4823:.
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4694:.
4674:.
4633:.
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4597:.
4550:^
4477:.
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4321:^
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4072:,
3970:.
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2792:,
2742:19
2652:,
2578:.
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2232:.
2211::
1568:/
823:/
337:/
323:/
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