61:
2192:
2232:
2622:
by more efficient oil, but meanwhile navies with an international scope had to depend on a network of coaling stations to refuel. The
British Empire provided them in abundance, as did the French Empire to a lesser extent. War colleges developed, as military theory became a specialty; cadets and senior commanders were taught the theories of Jomini, Clausewitz and Mahan, and engaged in tabletop war games. Around 1900, entirely new innovations such as submarines and airplanes appeared, and were quickly adapted to warfare by 1914. The British
2545:
3000:
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2034:
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3990:, vol. 46, no.46 (21 March 2024), pp. 39–41. The reviewer gives many examples of the military superiority of granting low-level commanders decision-making initiative, over the most expensive and technologically-advanced weaponry. "Money is lavished on advanced weapons systems whose effectiveness is questionable, and which are vastly expensive to maintain.... At any one time, 40 per cent of the US navy's
2638:
New financial tools were developed to fund the rapidly increasing costs of warfare, such as popular bond sales and income taxes, and the funding of permanent research centers. Many 19th century innovations were largely invented and promoted by lone individuals with small teams of assistants, such as
2621:
Naval warfare was transformed by many innovations, most notably the coal-based steam engine, highly accurate long-range naval guns, heavy steel armour for battleships, mines, and the introduction of the torpedo, followed by the torpedo boat and the destroyer. Coal after 1900 was eventually displaced
3011:
is an agency of the United States
Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technologies for use by the military. DARPA leads the development of military technology in the United States and today, has dozens of ongoing projects; everything from humanoid robots to bullets that can
2604:
and the French introduced much more accurate rapid-fire field artillery. Logistics and communications support for land warfare dramatically improved with use of railways and telegraphs. Industrialization provided a base of factories that could be converted to produce munitions, as well as uniforms,
2676:
The postmodern stage of military technology emerged in the 1940s, and one with recognition thanks to the high priority given during the war to scientific and engineering research and development regarding nuclear weapons, radar, jet engines, proximity fuses, advanced submarines, aircraft carriers,
2591:
Rapid development in military technology had a dramatic impact on armies and navies in the industrialized world in 1740–1914. For land warfare, cavalry faded in importance, while infantry became transformed by the use of highly accurate more rapidly loading rifles, and the use of smokeless powder.
2740:
style satellites, as well as orbital nuclear explosion were researched with varying levels of success. Spy satellites were, and continue to be, used to monitor the dismantling of military assets in accordance with arms control treaties signed between the two superpowers. To use spy satellites in
4441:
3027:
Militaries across the world continue to perform research on autonomous technologies which allow for increased troop mobility or replacement of live soldiers. Autonomous vehicles and robots are expected to play a role in future conflicts; this has the potential to decrease loss of life in future
3047:
In 2011, the US Defense
Department declared cyberspace a new domain of warfare; since then DARPA has begun a research project known as "Project X" with the goal of creating new technologies that will enable the government to better understand and map the cyber territory. Ultimately giving the
2227:
illustrate the eras focus on advancing intellectual issues and military technology due to the significance of warfare between the Song and the Liao, Jin, and Yuan to their north. The book covers topics of military strategy, training, and the production and employment of advanced weaponry.
2677:
and other weapons. The high-priority continues into the 21st century. It involves the military application of advanced scientific research regarding nuclear weapons, jet engines, ballistic and guided missiles, radar, biological warfare, and the use of electronics, computers and software.
2812:
Soon after the invention of aeroplanes, military aviation became a significant component of warfare, though usually as a supplementary role. The two main types of military aircraft are bombers, which attack land- or sea-based targets, and fighters, which attack other aircraft.
2385:, dated circa 950. These 'fire-lances' were widespread in use by the early 12th century, featuring hollowed bamboo poles as tubes to fire sand particles (to blind and choke), lead pellets, bits of sharp metal and pottery shards, and finally large gunpowder-propelled arrows and
2805:
A significant portion of military technology is about transportation, allowing troops and weaponry to be moved from their origins to the front. Land transport has historically been mainly by foot, land vehicles have usually been used as well, from chariots to tanks.
2142:
in
Turkana, Kenya, where human skeletons with major traumatic injuries to the head, neck, ribs, knees and hands, including an embedded obsidian bladelet on a skull, are evidence of inter-group conflict between groups of nomadic hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago.
3035:
Today's hybrid style of warfare also calls for investments in information technologies. Increased reliance on computer systems has incentivized nations to push for increased efforts at managing large scale networks and having access to large scale data.
2352:
state by 976, early Song naval forces confronted them on the
Yangtze River in 975. Southern Tang forces attempted to use flamethrowers against the Song navy, but were accidentally consumed by their own fire when violent winds swept in their direction.
3023:
Additionally, many militaries seek to improve current laser technology. For example, Israeli
Defense Forces utilize laser technology to disable small enemy machinery, but seek to move to more large scale capabilities in the coming years.
4500:
4661:
4555:
2341:
to pump petrol out of a single cylinder (with an upstroke and downstroke), lit at the end by a slow-burning gunpowder match to fire a continuous stream of flame. This device was featured in description and illustration of the
2655:
and high explosives. By 1900 the military began to realize that they needed to rely much more heavily on large-scale research centers, which needed government funding. They brought in leaders of organized innovation such as
4475:
2846:
includes any use of aircraft by a country's military, including such areas as transport, training, disaster relief, border patrol, search and rescue, surveillance, surveying, peacekeeping, and (very rarely) aerial warfare.
4465:
2048:. It comprises the kinds of technology that are distinctly military in nature and not civilian in application, usually because they lack useful or legal civilian applications, or are dangerous to use without appropriate
4545:
2505:. When the Northern Song capital of Kaifeng fell to the Jurchens in 1126, it was written by Xia Shaozeng that 20,000 fire arrows were handed over to the Jurchens in their conquest. An even earlier Chinese text of the
4386:
4253:
4391:
4301:
4734:
4525:
4331:
2169:
The first large-scale use of iron weapons began in Asia Minor around the 14th century BCE and in
Central Europe around the 11th century BCE followed by the Middle East (about 1000 BCE) and India and China.
4739:
4724:
4356:
2756:(ICBM) were created, which could strike virtually any target on Earth in a timeframe measured in minutes rather than hours or days. To cover large distances ballistic missiles are usually launched into
4351:
4263:
4238:
3020:
Current militaries continue to invest in new technologies for the future. Such technologies include cognitive radar, 5G cellular networks, microchips, semiconductors, and large scale analytic engines.
4719:
4696:
4296:
4651:
4433:
4361:
4311:
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2150:
as they learned to smelt copper into an alloy with tin to make weapons. In Asia where copper-tin ores are rare, this development was delayed until trading in bronze began in the third millennium
4636:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4321:
4316:
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and the United States of
America – spent large proportions of their GDP on developing military technologies. The drive to place objects in orbit stimulated space research and started the
4681:
4243:
2724:
were used by militaries to take accurate pictures of their rivals' military installations. As time passed the resolution and accuracy of orbital reconnaissance alarmed both sides of the
2952:
Sensors and communication systems are used to detect enemies, coordinate movements of armed forces and guide weaponry. Early systems included flag signaling, telegraph and heliographs.
2809:
When conducting a battle over a body of water, ships are used. There are historically two main categories of ships: those for transporting troops, and those for attacking other ships.
2440:(mid-14th century), this manuscript recorded an earlier Song-era cast-iron cannon known as the 'flying-cloud thunderclap eruptor' (fei yun pi-li pao). The manuscript stated that:
2080:
is the design, development, testing and lifecycle management of military weapons and systems. It draws on the knowledge of several traditional engineering disciplines, including
4485:
3765:
2511:("Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques"), written in 1044 by the Song scholars Zeng Kongliang and Yang Weide, described the use of three spring or triple bow
2443:
As noted before, the change in terminology for these new weapons during the Song period were gradual. The early Song cannons were at first termed the same way as the
Chinese
4631:
2405:. This ancestor to the gun was complemented by the ancestor to the cannon, what the Chinese referred to since the 13th century as the 'multiple bullets magazine erupter'
2177:
are credited with the introduction of horse cavalry in warfare and the extensive use of iron weapons by 1100 BCE. Assyrians were also the first to use iron-tipped arrows.
3651:
Technology
Forecast 2019 – Military Utility of Future Technologies : A report from seminars at the Swedish Defence University's (SEDU) Military Technology Division
3634:
Technology Forecast 2019 – Military Utility of Future Technologies : A report from seminars at the Swedish Defence University's (SEDU) Military Technology Division
2059:
have been brought into civilian use throughout history, with sometimes minor modification if any, and civilian innovations have similarly been put to military use.
2605:
tents, wagons and essential supplies. Medical facilities were enlarged and reorganized based on improved hospitals and the creation of modern nursing, typified by
4575:
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4423:
4560:
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4427:
4595:
4580:
4570:
4540:
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4510:
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excavation, dated to 1288. The Chinese also discovered the explosive potential of packing hollowed cannonball shells with gunpowder. Written later by
2389:
weaponry. Eventually, perishable bamboo was replaced with hollow tubes of cast iron, and so too did the terminology of this new weapon change, from '
4590:
4565:
4520:
4505:
3039:
New strategies of cyber and hybrid warfare includes, network attacks, media analysis, and media/ grass-roots campaigns on medias such as blog posts
2134:
Period. The earliest stone tools are from the site of Lomekwi, Turkana, dating from 3.3 million years ago. Stone tools diversified through the
4550:
3429:
2481:
afterwards. The innovation of the detonated land mine was accredited to one Luo Qianxia in the campaign of defense against the Mongol invasion by
4258:
3994:
are out of commission for repairs.... Krepinevich... prefers to dwell on the urgent necessity of developing increasingly fantastical programmes:
2291:. In 919, the siphon projector-pump was used to spread the 'fierce fire oil' that could not be doused with water, as recorded by Lin Yu in his
4744:
4641:
4535:
3138:
Lahr, M. MirazĂłn; Rivera, F.; Power, R. K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J. E.; Fernandez, J. M. Maillo; Kiarie, C. (2016).
2916:
are military constructions and buildings designed for defence in warfare. They range in size and age from the Great Wall of China to a Sangar.
2630:
incorporated so much of the latest technology in weapons, propulsion and armour that it at a stroke made all other battleships obsolescent.
2287:
2166:
intrudes directly on the Neolithic from outside the region, with the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa where it was developed independently.
3957:
4366:
2783:
As soon as intercontinental missiles were developed, military planners began programmes and strategies to counter their effectiveness.
2357:
4676:
4646:
4248:
3981:
2301:). Lin Yu mentioned also that the 'fierce fire oil' derived ultimately from one of China's maritime contacts in the 'southern seas',
4273:
3502:
Michael Howard, "The armed forces." In F.H. Hinsley, ed. "The new Cambridge modern history: volume XI: 1870–1898" (1962) pp 204–42.
2821:
are land combat or transportation vehicles, excluding rail-based, which are designed for or in significant use by military forces.
984:
3192:
4396:
3242:
1411:
4515:
3068:
2330:; Wenmu's success was facilitated by the use of 'fire oil' ('huoyou') to burn their fleet, signifying the first Chinese use of
3606:
Advanced Technology Warfare: A Detailed Study of the Latest Weapons and Techniques for Warfare Today and into the 21st Century
3525:
McBride, William M. (1992). "'The Greatest Patron of Science'?: The Navy-Academia Alliance and US Naval Research, 1896–1923".
2070:. On the other hand, the theories, strategies, concepts and doctrines of warfare are studied under the academic discipline of
4600:
4326:
3217:
3122:
3809:
Burmaoglu, Serhat; Sarıtas, Ozcan (1 March 2017). "Changing characteristics of warfare and the future of Military R&D".
2162:
is a transition from Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Although the Iron Age generally follows the Bronze Age, in some areas the
4233:
4701:
4691:
2297:, hence the first credible Chinese reference to the flamethrower employing the chemical solution of Greek fire (see also
1767:
60:
4656:
2830:
2753:
1962:
1740:
355:
17:
4080:
Levy, Jack S (1984). "The offensive/defensive balance of military technology: A theoretical and historical analysis".
3667:"The end of military-techno Pax Americana? Washington's strategic responses to Chinese AI-enabled military technology"
3032:
note high rates of technological terms in military literature, but low rates for explicitly transhuman-related terms.
2138:
Period, which ended ~12,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of warfare between two groups is recorded at the site of
4151:
3396:
3308:
3048:
Department of Defense the ability to plan and manage large-scale cyber missions across dynamic network environments.
1416:
3103:
Europäische Geschichte Online (EGO), published by the Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG), Mainz 2019-05-03.
4671:
4666:
4177:
3560:
Jeffrey, Thomas E. (2016). "'Commodore' Edison Joins the Navy: Thomas Alva Edison and the Naval Consulting Board".
2181:
1494:
4291:
4228:
3003:
A high-resolution computer drawing of the Atlas robot designed by Boston Dynamics and DARPA, as seen from behind.
1839:
1477:
1264:
109:
2066:
and engineers specifically for use in battle by the armed forces. Many new technologies came as a result of the
4896:
2994:
2117:
1603:
2515:
that fired arrow bolts holding gunpowder packets near the head of the arrow. Going back yet even farther, the
4283:
2020:
1467:
5053:
4901:
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1957:
661:
421:
5058:
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2067:
1967:
1154:
956:
827:
365:
5014:
4906:
4626:
4621:
4414:
1431:
3792:"Transhumanism (dot) Mil: A Bibliometric Analysis of Technoprogressive Terms in Military Publications"
3969:
3340:
Gwei-Djen, Lu; Joseph Needham; Phan Chi-Hsing (July 1988). "The Oldest Representation of a Bombard".
2896:
2891:
2825:
1541:
1049:
398:
272:
126:
2281:
hose by the 7th century. The earliest reference to Greek Fire in China was made in 917, written by
4941:
4764:
4195:
4190:
2856:
2665:
2311:
1992:
1859:
1406:
1099:
917:
765:
4215:
4185:
2947:
2943:
2757:
2686:
2581:
2485:, Later Chinese texts revealed that the Chinese land mine employed either a rip cord or a motion
2381:' (a combination of a temporary-fire flamethrower and gun) was from a Buddhist mural painting of
2220:
1945:
1927:
1683:
1242:
1164:
1109:
707:
370:
2477:, which had been used by the late Song Chinese against the Mongols in 1277, and employed by the
2122:
This section is divided into the broad cultural developments that affected military technology.
4854:
3986:
3974:
The Origins of Victory: How Disruptive Military Innovation Determines the Fates of Great Powers
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2529:
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2081:
1812:
1787:
1509:
1421:
1294:
1169:
770:
747:
193:
92:
2741:
such a manner is often referred to in treaties as "national technical means of verification".
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4784:
4779:
4205:
4144:
2776:
2729:
2522:
2101:
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1401:
1334:
1287:
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867:
785:
737:
621:
431:
239:
148:
4223:
3725:
3151:
2708:
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2497:
for the land mines. Furthermore, the Song employed the earliest known gunpowder-propelled
2319:
2105:
1792:
1694:
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1546:
1364:
1329:
1064:
884:
742:
678:
532:
502:
99:
3766:"THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE MILITARY ROBOTS SUPPORTING MOBILITY – Defence & Strategy"
8:
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4011:
3999:
3894:
2768:
2752:
across great distances. As rocket science developed, the range of missiles increased and
1643:
1628:
1504:
1391:
1369:
1304:
1024:
929:
879:
646:
636:
601:
393:
383:
153:
77:
3923:
The Gunpowder Age: China, military innovation, and the rise of the West in world history
3729:
3649:
3632:
3155:
2458:
would explain this use of terminology and true origins of the cannon in his text of the
4839:
4799:
4769:
4168:
4097:
4068:
3875:
3694:
3542:
3424:
3367:
3359:
3233:
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2981:
2932:
2792:
2572:
A painting showing the Mysorean army fighting the British forces with Mysorean rockets.
2056:
1977:
1832:
1752:
1673:
1618:
1593:
1514:
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1426:
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1184:
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1034:
924:
889:
842:
717:
688:
641:
579:
554:
388:
202:
121:
3513:
In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology, and British Naval Policy 1889–1914
3139:
2473:
was also one of the first Chinese texts to carefully describe to the use of explosive
4916:
4891:
4886:
4819:
4794:
4419:
4072:
4051:
Hacker, Barton (2005). "The Machines of War: Western Military Technology 1850–2000".
4003:
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3867:
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3698:
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3392:
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3213:
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2013:
1922:
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1309:
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1209:
1204:
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1039:
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1004:
994:
989:
979:
894:
847:
817:
656:
449:
426:
360:
3591:
Harry Bondy, "Postmodernism and the source of military strength in the Anglo West."
2580:
introduced numerous developed firearms, cannon and small arms. During the period of
2521:(1630, second edition 1664) of Fang Yizhi stated that fire arrows were presented to
1982:
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4859:
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3991:
3857:
3822:
3818:
3791:
3733:
3678:
3534:
3351:
3179:
3159:
3140:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya"
2966:
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2851:
2817:
2597:
2593:
2419:
2071:
1987:
1952:
1884:
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522:
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229:
158:
87:
70:
4124:
Heirs of Archimedes: Science & the Art of War through the Age of Enlightenment
3682:
3463:
B.H. Liddell Hart, "Armed Forces in the Art of War: Armies", in J.P.T. Bury, ed.,
4956:
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4406:
3965:
3862:
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1254:
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802:
732:
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482:
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254:
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82:
3478:
The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume X: The Zenith of European Power 1830–70
3465:
The New Cambridge Modern History: volume X: The Zenith of European Power 1830–70
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4921:
4881:
3918:
2971:
2956:
2749:
2640:
2557:
2507:
2423:
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2241:
2211:
2201:
2154:. In the Middle East and Southern European regions, the Bronze Age follows the
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1972:
1720:
1144:
1104:
1082:
1069:
1059:
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946:
899:
702:
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477:
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332:
289:
244:
116:
49:
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3476:
Michael Lewis, "Armed Forces in the Art of War: Navies", in J.P.T. Bury, ed.,
2763:
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4849:
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in warfare during the late 13th century, its earliest form being the archaic
2349:
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1819:
1807:
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1583:
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249:
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104:
3961:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 582–590.
2999:
2362:
Although the destructive effects of gunpowder were described in the earlier
5004:
4951:
4911:
4864:
4015:
3940:
War made new: technology, warfare, and the course of history, 1500 to today
3747:
3452:
War made new: technology, warfare, and the course of history, 1500 to today
3171:
3052:
2725:
2700:
2694:
2652:
2585:
2478:
2451:
2427:
2411:, a tube of bronze or cast iron that was filled with about 100 lead balls.
2363:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2236:
2224:
2089:
2006:
1932:
1912:
1907:
1802:
1747:
1381:
1376:
1199:
1114:
862:
596:
497:
294:
198:
4110:
The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000
2886:
4844:
4829:
3995:
3648:
Lundmark, Martin; Andersson, Kent; Bull, Peter; Dansarie, Marcus (2019).
3631:
Lundmark, Martin; Andersson, Kent; Bull, Peter; Dansarie, Marcus (2019).
3074:
2881:
2661:
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2482:
2469:
2436:
2135:
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1917:
1668:
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1472:
1159:
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837:
780:
683:
467:
188:
183:
3879:
3163:
3117:. Layton, UT: Society of Primitive Technology, Gibbs Smith. p. 60.
3100:
2867:
are watercraft for combat and transportation in and on seas and oceans.
4101:
3546:
3363:
2720:
By the end of the 1960s, both countries regularly deployed satellites.
2704:
2502:
2486:
2455:
2390:
2378:
2377:
were found in late Song China. The first art depiction of the Chinese '
2298:
2282:
2270:
2231:
2191:
2159:
2147:
1874:
1844:
1566:
935:
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3012:
change path before reaching their target. China has a similar agency.
2931:
Further information on the patented portable armored wall system:
2373:, the earliest developments of the gun barrel and the projectile-fire
2033:
4804:
4117:
The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West
3339:
2871:
2713:
2490:
2474:
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2331:
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2262:
2196:
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317:
284:
173:
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3391:(Johns Hopkins paperback ed.). Cambridge: Heffer. p. 211.
3355:
2414:
The earliest known depiction of a gun is a sculpture from a cave in
4610:
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2737:
2512:
2447:
2382:
2163:
1879:
1854:
1487:
1119:
1094:
712:
267:
141:
2219:), written by Zeng Gongliang, Ding Du, and others at the order of
4994:
4966:
4961:
4876:
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2877:
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2800:
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missile, each one of which could carry 10 independently targeted
2568:
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2415:
2370:
2338:
2323:
2174:
2139:
2045:
1889:
1849:
1613:
1447:
1443:
790:
775:
651:
312:
307:
277:
216:
178:
3617:
Everett Mendelsohn, Merritt Roe Smith, and Peter Weingart, eds.
2728:. Both the United States and the Soviet Union began to develop
2418:, dating to 1128, that portrays a figure carrying a vase-shaped
4160:
4045:
From Sumer to Rome: The Military capabilities of ancient armies
4019:
2498:
2422:, firing flames and a cannonball. However, the oldest existent
2386:
2374:
2367:
2335:
2302:
2278:
2266:
1396:
797:
614:
350:
3324:
3895:"DARPA's Plan X Uses New Technologies to 'See' Cyber Effects"
3666:
3647:
3630:
3008:
2976:
2733:
2699:
During the Cold War, the world's two great superpowers – the
872:
408:
403:
3580:
The poisonous cloud: chemical warfare in the First World War
2257:
in its defense against hostile neighbors to the north. The
2062:
Military technology is usually researched and developed by
168:
163:
4129:
2493:, which in turn created sparks that ignited the train of
2151:
41:
3897:. America Forces Press Service. US Department of Defense
3846:"Hybrid War: High-tech, Information and Cyber Conflicts"
2489:
of a pin releasing falling weights that rotated a steel
2426:
discovery of a metal barrel handgun is from the Chinese
4007:
3844:
Danyk, Yuriy; Maliarchuk, Tamara; Briggs, Chad (2017).
2348:
military manuscript of 1044. In the suppression of the
2130:
The first use of stone tools may have begun during the
3137:
3843:
3491:
Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905
3300:
Science and Civilization in China. The Gunpowder Epic
2037:
Sectional view of the igniter of a Model 1935 grenade
3296:
2592:
Machine guns were developed in the 1860s in Europe.
2334:
in a battle. The Chinese applied the use of double-
4033:(1984), 350pp, cover 2000 BC to late 20th century.
3212:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 6–7.
3193:Iron In Africa: Revising The History : Unesco
2584:, newly invented weapons were seen to be used in
5045:
3808:
3101:"The Transfer of Military and Naval Technology,"
3078:, late medieval treatise on military technology.
4026:is as effectively disruptive as ever." (p. 41.)
3303:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
3297:Ping-YĂĽ, Ho; Gwei-Djen, Lu; Ling, Wang (1986).
2556:in Hampshire. Similar cannons were used by the
3621:(Springer Science & Business Media, 2013).
2732:to blind or destroy each other's satellites.
4145:
3714:"Military technology: Laser weapons get real"
2516:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2305:
2292:
2158:period, but in other parts of the world, the
2014:
3115:Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills
2937:
2288:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
2186:
2044:is the application of technology for use in
27:Application of technology for use in warfare
3811:Technological Forecasting and Social Change
3763:
2633:
4152:
4138:
3384:
3378:
2358:Science and technology of the Song dynasty
2253:Advances in military technology aided the
2021:
2007:
3861:
3737:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3203:
3201:
3009:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
4043:Gabriel, Richard A., and Karen S. Metz.
3945:
3886:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3106:
2998:
2762:
2707:. In 1957, the USSR launched the first
2671:
2567:
2543:
2230:
2190:
2032:
985:List of military strategies and concepts
3711:
3664:
3559:
3524:
3235:Teachers' Guide for Military Technology
3112:
14:
5046:
4050:
3604:Richard S. Friedman and Bill Gunston,
3420:"Missiles mainstay of Pak's N-arsenal"
3226:
3207:
3198:
3069:List of emerging military technologies
2887:List of historical ship and boat types
2600:were pioneered by Indian Muslim ruler
4133:
4122:Steele, Brett D. and Tamara Dorland.
4038:The Social History of the Machine Gun
3968:, 'The A-10 saved my ass' (review of
3789:
3759:
3757:
3388:A History of Greek Fire and gunpowder
3259:
3195:. UNESCO. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
3015:
2125:
4079:
4031:The evolution of weapons and warfare
3892:
3619:Science, technology and the military
2988:
2534:
3932:(2007) covers 50 major inventions.
3333:
3330:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 224–225.
3248:from the original on 9 October 2022
2754:intercontinental ballistic missiles
24:
4010:.... All the wonders of precision
3912:
3754:
3665:Johnson, James (21 October 2019).
2831:List of armoured fighting vehicles
2775:along trajectories outside of the
25:
5070:
2277:petrol fluid) in a device with a
5028:
5027:
3764:KopuletĂ˝, Michal; Rolenec, Ota.
2182:List of premodern combat weapons
59:
4082:International Studies Quarterly
3837:
3802:
3796:Library Philosophy and Practice
3783:
3705:
3658:
3641:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3585:
3572:
3553:
3518:
3505:
3496:
3483:
3470:
3457:
3444:
3428:. 21 April 2008. Archived from
3412:
3241:, 26 November 2001, p. 1,
3210:A Global Chronology of Conflict
2786:
2314:in 919, the naval fleet of the
2217:Essentials of the Military Arts
3823:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.10.062
3186:
3131:
3093:
2995:Revolution in Military Affairs
2273:(a chemically complex, highly
2199:catapult, as described in the
2118:History of military technology
13:
1:
3712:Extance, Andy (28 May 2015).
3683:10.1080/09512748.2019.1676299
3087:
3042:
2880:found on warships during the
3863:10.11610/Connections.16.2.01
3515:Naval Institute Press, 2014.
7:
4442:National Revolutionary Army
4159:
3976:, Yale, May 2023, 549 pp.,
3562:Journal of Military History
3527:Journal of Military History
3064:List of military inventions
3057:
2517:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2306:
2293:
2068:military funding of science
1478:Military–industrial complex
957:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
5075:
4254:War of the Triple Alliance
3654:. Försvarshögskolan (FHS).
3637:. Försvarshögskolan (FHS).
3593:Armed Forces & Society
3050:
2992:
2941:
2930:
2906:
2902:
2790:
2744:The superpowers developed
2684:
2527:
2355:
2179:
2115:
2111:
5023:
4987:
4757:
4710:
4609:
4451:
4405:
4282:
4274:Pre-20th century firearms
4214:
4176:
4167:
4065:10.1080/07341510500198669
3970:Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr.
3385:Partington, J.R. (1960).
2938:Sensors and communication
2897:List of submarine classes
2892:List of aircraft carriers
2826:List of military vehicles
2651:and the machine gun, and
2539:
2187:Post-classical technology
1542:Loss-of-strength gradient
399:Combat information center
4662:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
4652:South African Border War
4434:Second Sino-Japanese War
4053:History & Technology
3208:Tucker, Spencer (2010).
2878:masting and sail systems
2857:List of aircraft weapons
2680:
2666:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute
2660:in the U.S. and chemist
2634:Organization and finance
2616:
2312:Battle of Langshan Jiang
1860:Military science fiction
1345:Technology and equipment
766:List of military tactics
4642:Portuguese Colonial War
3958:Encyclopædia Britannica
3952:"Arms and Armour"
3113:Wescott, David (1999).
2948:Global Information Grid
2944:Network-centric warfare
2758:sub-orbital spaceflight
2687:Militarisation of space
2582:Proto-industrialization
2562:siege of Constantinople
2245:manuscript of 1044 CE,
2223:around 1043 during the
1928:Wartime sexual violence
1684:Full-spectrum dominance
1495:Supply-chain management
5010:Civilian gun ownership
3987:London Review of Books
3343:Technology and Culture
3028:warfare. Observers of
3004:
2921:List of fortifications
2780:
2748:to enable them to use
2730:anti-satellite weapons
2609:in Britain during the
2573:
2565:
2530:Post-classical history
2250:
2206:
2086:electrical engineering
2082:mechanical engineering
2038:
1840:Awards and decorations
1813:Peace through strength
1788:Low-intensity conflict
1422:Conscientious objector
1295:Area of responsibility
4687:Nicaraguan Revolution
4637:Araguaia Guerilla War
4206:Early thermal weapons
4018:notwithstanding, the
3925:(Princeton UP, 2016).
3790:Evans, Woody (2019).
3051:Further information:
3002:
2766:
2685:Further information:
2672:Postmodern technology
2571:
2547:
2528:Further information:
2525:(r. 960–976) in 960.
2523:Emperor Taizu of Song
2356:Further information:
2261:found its origins in
2234:
2195:An illustration of a
2194:
2180:Further information:
2102:materials engineering
2098:aerospace engineering
2036:
432:Torpedo data computer
422:Ship gun fire-control
4692:Salvadoran Civil War
4259:Spanish–American War
4234:American Indian Wars
4108:McNeill, William H.
3432:on 24 September 2012
2709:artificial satellite
2647:and the battleship,
2607:Florence Nightingale
2106:chemical engineering
2078:Armament engineering
2055:The line is porous;
1958:Military occupations
1793:Military engineering
1695:Unrestricted Warfare
1552:Force multiplication
450:Military manoeuvrers
5054:Military technology
4745:Russo-Ukrainian War
4682:Dominican Civil War
4657:Cambodian Civil War
4618:First Indochina War
4000:genetic engineering
3770:obranaastrategie.cz
3730:2015Natur.521..408E
3595:31#1 (2004): 31–61.
3164:10.1038/nature16477
3156:2016Natur.529..394L
2984:in guidance weapons
2769:LG-118A Peacekeeper
2643:and the submarine,
2464:, written in 1628:
2408:bai zu lian zhu pao
2146:Humans entered the
2057:military inventions
2042:Military technology
1644:Penal military unit
1629:Rules of engagement
1305:Command and control
930:Operations research
394:Director (military)
384:Fire-control system
154:Command and control
35:Part of a series on
5059:Military equipment
4735:Russo-Georgian War
4677:Lebanese Civil War
4647:Rhodesian Bush War
4264:Mexican Revolution
4249:American Civil War
4239:War of the Pacific
4229:Napoleonic Warfare
4115:Parker, Geoffrey.
4014:and comprehensive
3893:Pellerin, Cheryl.
3671:The Pacific Review
3582:(Oxford UP, 1986).
3425:The Times of India
3016:Emerging territory
3005:
2982:Satellite guidance
2793:Military logistics
2781:
2777:Earth's atmosphere
2746:ballistic missiles
2574:
2566:
2251:
2207:
2126:Ancient technology
2039:
1753:Counter-insurgency
1674:Command of the sea
1619:Jewish laws on war
1594:Geneva Conventions
1130:Divide and conquer
925:Military operation
890:Tactical objective
389:Fire-control radar
366:Electronic-warfare
18:Military equipment
5041:
5040:
4753:
4752:
4697:Soviet–Afghan War
4672:Laotian Civil War
4420:Spanish Civil War
4047:(ABC-CLIO, 1991).
4029:Dupuy, Trevor N.
4004:quantum computing
3992:attack submarines
3982:978 0 300 23409 1
3724:(7553): 408–410.
3219:978-1-85109-672-5
3150:(7586): 394–398.
3124:978-0-87905-911-8
2989:Future technology
2843:Military aircraft
2818:Military vehicles
2578:gunpowder empires
2535:Modern technology
2467:The 14th-century
2454:scholar known as
2050:military training
2031:
2030:
1923:Horses in warfare
1870:Anti-war movement
1773:Gunboat diplomacy
1763:Disaster response
1711:Philosophy of war
1706:Principles of war
1679:Deterrence theory
1624:Right of conquest
1547:Lanchester's laws
1315:Principles of war
1005:Counter-offensive
990:Military campaign
895:Target saturation
818:Counterinsurgency
427:Gun data computer
361:Close air support
323:Aircraft carriers
16:(Redirected from
5066:
5031:
5030:
4907:Mass destruction
4815:Blunt instrument
4740:Syrian Civil War
4174:
4173:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4105:
4076:
4022:blockade of the
3966:Cockburn, Andrew
3962:
3954:
3942:(Penguin, 2006).
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3865:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3741:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3615:
3609:
3602:
3596:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3494:
3489:David K. Brown,
3487:
3481:
3480:(1967), 274–301.
3474:
3468:
3467:(1967), 302–330.
3461:
3455:
3454:(Penguin, 2006).
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3294:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3205:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3110:
3104:
3099:Douglas Peifer,
3097:
2967:Norden Bombsight
2962:Missile guidance
2852:List of aircraft
2773:nuclear warheads
2750:nuclear weaponry
2598:Mysorean rockets
2594:Rocket artillery
2520:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2309:
2296:
2072:military science
2023:
2016:
2009:
1778:Humanitarian aid
1716:Security dilemma
1537:Power projection
1320:Economy of force
1300:Chain of command
1015:Defence in depth
1000:Commerce raiding
823:Defeat in detail
159:Defense ministry
63:
54:
53:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5019:
5015:Science fiction
4983:
4855:Directed-energy
4749:
4725:Afghanistan War
4706:
4605:
4447:
4407:Interwar period
4401:
4302:Austria-Hungary
4278:
4210:
4163:
4158:
4094:10.2307/2600696
3928:Black, Jeremy.
3915:
3913:Further reading
3910:
3900:
3898:
3891:
3887:
3842:
3838:
3807:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3762:
3755:
3739:10.1038/521408a
3710:
3706:
3663:
3659:
3646:
3642:
3629:
3625:
3616:
3612:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3586:
3577:
3573:
3558:
3554:
3539:10.2307/1985709
3523:
3519:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3383:
3379:
3356:10.2307/3105275
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3295:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3018:
2997:
2991:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2933:McCurdy's Armor
2911:
2905:
2803:
2789:
2697:
2683:
2674:
2636:
2619:
2550:Dardanelles Gun
2542:
2537:
2532:
2399:to 'fire-tube'
2360:
2221:Emperor Renzong
2189:
2184:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2027:
1998:
1997:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1798:Multilateralism
1783:Law enforcement
1743:
1733:
1732:
1701:Just war theory
1659:
1649:
1648:
1599:Geneva Protocol
1569:
1559:
1558:
1532:
1522:
1521:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1165:Network-centric
1085:
1075:
1074:
982:
972:
971:
920:
910:
909:
858:Rapid dominance
763:
753:
752:
708:Electromagnetic
617:
607:
606:
593:
546:
494:
470:
460:
459:
455:Combat training
436:
413:
379:Combat systems:
375:
337:
333:Auxiliary ships
299:
259:
255:Military police
221:
144:
134:
133:
73:
47:
46:
45:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5072:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Anti-personnel
4787:
4785:Anti-ballistic
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4586:United Kingdom
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4501:Czechoslovakia
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4431:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4387:United Kingdom
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4126:(2005) 397 pp.
4120:
4113:
4106:
4088:(2): 219–238.
4077:
4059:(3): 255–300.
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4006:and of course
3963:
3949:, ed. (1911).
3947:Chisholm, Hugh
3943:
3936:
3926:
3919:Andrade, Tonio
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3885:
3836:
3801:
3782:
3753:
3704:
3677:(3): 351–378.
3657:
3640:
3623:
3610:
3597:
3584:
3571:
3552:
3517:
3504:
3495:
3482:
3469:
3456:
3443:
3411:
3397:
3377:
3350:(3): 594–605.
3332:
3323:
3309:
3258:
3225:
3218:
3197:
3185:
3130:
3123:
3105:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3044:
3041:
3017:
3014:
2993:Main article:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2972:Proximity fuse
2969:
2964:
2959:
2957:Laser guidance
2939:
2936:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2914:Fortifications
2907:Main article:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2788:
2785:
2722:Spy satellites
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2641:David Bushnell
2635:
2632:
2618:
2615:
2552:on display at
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2518:Wu Li Xiao Shi
2508:Wujing Zongyao
2424:archaeological
2345:Wujing Zongyao
2326:army from the
2242:Wujing Zongyao
2212:Wujing Zongyao
2202:Wujing Zongyao
2188:
2185:
2127:
2124:
2116:Main article:
2113:
2110:
2094:electro-optics
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Military terms
1960:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1721:Tripwire force
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1243:Administrative
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:New generation
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Fleet in being
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1083:Grand strategy
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:Scorched earth
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
983:
978:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
947:Deep operation
944:
939:
932:
927:
921:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
794:
793:
788:
783:
773:
764:
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
748:Unconventional
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
696:
694:Disinformation
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
665:
664:
659:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
618:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
599:
592:
591:
590:
589:
588:
587:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
545:
544:
543:
542:
541:
540:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
493:
492:
491:
490:
485:
480:
471:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
447:
445:Basic training
442:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
374:
373:
371:Reconnaissance
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
298:
297:
292:
290:Special forces
287:
282:
281:
280:
270:
265:
258:
257:
252:
247:
245:Reconnaissance
242:
237:
232:
227:
220:
219:
210:
205:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
145:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
114:
113:
112:
107:
97:
96:
95:
88:Post-classical
85:
80:
74:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5071:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Anti-aircraft
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Yugoslav Wars
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4712:Post-Cold War
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Iran–Iraq War
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4591:United States
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:United States
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Early Warfare
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4036:Ellis, John.
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3930:Tools of War
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3896:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3758:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3581:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3511:John Sumida,
3508:
3499:
3492:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3400:
3398:9780801859540
3394:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3327:
3312:
3310:9780521303583
3306:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:transhumanism
3025:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2934:
2927:
2926:List of forts
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:Fortification
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2836:List of tanks
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2691:Space warfare
2688:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:Thomas Edison
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:John Ericsson
2642:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2558:Ottoman Turks
2555:
2551:
2546:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2350:Southern Tang
2347:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Warrior caste
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:Show of force
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Peacebuilding
1806:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Air supremacy
1662:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Islamic rules
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Court-martial
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:Arms industry
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1271:
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1123:
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1100:Broken-backed
1098:
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950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Expeditionary
940:
938:
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926:
923:
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813:Counterattack
811:
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774:
772:
769:
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767:
762:
757:
756:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:Psychological
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
700:
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674:Combined arms
672:
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531:
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516:
514:
513:Fortification
511:
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489:
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331:
329:
328:Landing craft
326:
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213:Standing army
211:
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206:
204:
200:
197:
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187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
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147:
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143:
138:
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128:
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123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
111:
108:
106:
105:pike and shot
103:
102:
101:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
66:
62:
58:
57:
51:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4902:Martial arts
4865:Depth charge
4835:Conventional
4576:Soviet Union
4453:World War II
4123:
4116:
4109:
4085:
4081:
4056:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4016:surveillance
3985:
3973:
3956:
3939:
3929:
3922:
3899:. Retrieved
3888:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3795:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3643:
3633:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3578:L.F. Haber,
3574:
3568:(2): 411–46.
3565:
3561:
3555:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3512:
3507:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3434:. Retrieved
3430:the original
3423:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3387:
3380:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3299:
3250:, retrieved
3234:
3228:
3209:
3188:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3114:
3108:
3095:
3073:
3053:Cyberwarfare
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3006:
2951:
2913:
2912:
2862:
2861:
2841:
2840:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2787:Mobilization
2782:
2767:Test of the
2743:
2726:Iron Curtain
2719:
2712:
2701:Soviet Union
2698:
2695:Space weapon
2675:
2668:in Germany.
2653:Alfred Nobel
2637:
2625:
2620:
2613:of 1854–56.
2590:
2586:Mughal India
2576:The Islamic
2575:
2513:arcuballista
2506:
2479:Yuan dynasty
2468:
2466:
2459:
2452:Ming dynasty
2442:
2435:
2428:Heilongjiang
2413:
2364:Tang dynasty
2361:
2343:
2294:Wuyue Beishi
2286:
2269:, employing
2259:flamethrower
2255:Song dynasty
2252:
2247:Song dynasty
2240:
2237:flamethrower
2225:Song dynasty
2216:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2172:
2168:
2145:
2129:
2121:
2090:mechatronics
2077:
2076:
2061:
2054:
2041:
2040:
1933:Fifth column
1913:War resister
1908:Women in war
1803:Peacekeeping
1748:Arms control
1693:
1382:Mobilization
1377:Conscription
1344:
1335:Intelligence
1288:Organization
1214:
934:
863:Encirclement
743:Radiological
679:Conventional
533:Subterranean
440:Development:
439:
416:
378:
340:
303:Naval units:
302:
295:Signal corps
262:
240:Intelligence
225:Specialties:
224:
149:Organization
100:Early modern
29:
4840:Crew-served
4800:Area denial
4632:Six-Day War
4627:Vietnam War
4556:New Zealand
4551:Netherlands
4424:Nationalist
4357:New Zealand
4284:World War I
4244:Crimean War
3996:hypersonics
3938:Boot, Max.
3901:21 November
3856:(2): 5–24.
3850:Connections
3817:: 151–161.
3718:Nature News
3533:(1): 7–34.
3404:20 November
3316:20 November
3252:20 November
3075:Bellifortis
2882:Age of Sail
2662:Fritz Haber
2649:Hiram Maxim
2626:Dreadnought
2611:Crimean War
2602:Tipu Sultan
2554:Fort Nelson
2548:The bronze
2491:flint wheel
2483:Kublai Khan
2470:Huolongjing
2437:Huolongjing
2322:defeated a
2136:Pleistocene
2132:Paleolithic
1918:War studies
1741:Non-warfare
1669:Appeasement
1634:Martial law
1473:War economy
1412:Transgender
1365:Recruitment
1125:Containment
1010:Culminating
918:Operational
838:Envelopment
781:Air assault
662:Air cavalry
622:Air defence
602:Information
503:Cold-region
468:Battlespace
417:Historical:
263:Land units:
189:Space force
184:Coast guard
117:Late modern
78:Prehistoric
5048:Categories
4917:Non-lethal
4897:Insurgency
4892:Incendiary
4887:Improvised
4820:Ceremonial
4810:Biological
4770:Amphibious
4622:Korean War
4596:Yugoslavia
4428:Republican
4352:Montenegro
3775:6 December
3450:Max Boot,
3088:References
3043:Cyberspace
2942:See also:
2872:Submarines
2791:See also:
2705:Space Race
2503:Fire Arrow
2487:booby trap
2475:land mines
2456:Mao Yuanyi
2450:. A later
2391:fire-spear
2379:fire lance
2316:Wenmu King
2299:Pen Huo Qi
2283:Wu Renchen
2271:Greek fire
2235:A Chinese
2160:Copper Age
2148:Bronze Age
2064:scientists
1978:War crimes
1968:Operations
1875:Foot drill
1845:Battle cry
1758:deterrence
1417:Harassment
1392:Specialism
1215:Technology
1210:Succession
1155:Liberation
1090:Asymmetric
1025:Empty fort
936:Blitzkrieg
905:Withdrawal
868:Investment
647:Camouflage
642:Biological
580:Underwater
555:Amphibious
474:Aerospace
341:Air units:
318:Submarines
127:fourth-gen
122:industrial
110:napoleonic
4937:Pneumatic
4927:Offensive
4860:Explosive
4805:Artillery
4795:Anti-tank
4775:Ancillary
4461:Australia
4415:Chaco War
4297:Australia
4178:Premodern
4073:144113139
4012:targeting
3872:1812-1098
3831:0040-1625
3699:211411921
3691:0951-2748
3436:30 August
3372:112733319
2736:weapons,
2714:Sputnik 1
2461:Wubei Zhi
2445:trebuchet
2396:huo qiang
2371:alchemist
2332:gunpowder
2310:. In the
2275:flammable
2263:Byzantine
2239:from the
2197:trebuchet
2175:Assyrians
2156:Neolithic
1865:War novel
1768:Grey-zone
1728:War games
1689:Overmatch
1639:War crime
1589:Desertion
1579:Ceasefire
1574:Armistice
1461:Logistics
1439:Mercenary
1427:Volunteer
1358:Personnel
1330:Engineers
1275:Sociology
1230:World war
1225:Total war
1205:Strategic
1195:Religious
1180:Political
1175:Perpetual
1150:Irregular
1065:Offensive
1040:Defensive
1035:Deception
995:Attrition
848:Guerrilla
843:Formation
786:Airbridge
718:Loitering
632:Artillery
285:Artillery
235:Engineers
203:Irregular
174:Air force
5033:Category
5000:Industry
4957:Tectonic
4942:Practice
4932:Personal
4825:Chemical
4765:Aircraft
4730:Iraq War
4702:Gulf War
4611:Cold War
4601:Infantry
4581:Thailand
4481:Bulgaria
4438:Japanese
4397:Infantry
4362:Portugal
4312:Bulgaria
4292:Chemical
4201:Japanese
4196:Medieval
3880:26326478
3748:26017426
3243:archived
3172:26791728
3082:Materiel
3058:See also
2876:Complex
2864:Warships
2738:kamikaze
2596:and the
2564:in 1453.
2448:catapult
2402:huo tong
2383:Dunhuang
2328:Wu state
2307:Dashiguo
2205:of 1044.
2164:Iron Age
1880:War song
1855:War film
1488:Materiel
1407:Children
1387:Training
1325:Medicine
1310:Doctrine
1265:Training
1200:Resource
1185:Princely
1135:Economic
1120:Conquest
1115:Colonial
1110:Cold war
1095:Blockade
980:Strategy
952:Maneuver
713:Infantry
669:Chemical
523:Mountain
483:Airborne
346:Fighters
313:Warships
268:Infantry
194:Reserves
142:Military
4995:Arsenal
4972:Vehicle
4962:Torpedo
4922:Nuclear
4882:Hunting
4877:Firearm
4571:Romania
4531:Hungary
4521:Germany
4511:Finland
4506:Denmark
4496:Croatia
4471:Belgium
4466:Austria
4367:Romania
4327:Germany
4307:Belgium
4269:Antique
4191:Chinese
4186:African
4169:History
4161:Weapons
4119:(1988).
4112:(1984).
4102:2600696
4040:(1986).
4024:Red Sea
3934:excerpt
3726:Bibcode
3547:1985709
3493:(2003).
3364:3105275
3180:4462435
3152:Bibcode
2903:Defence
2801:Sealift
2797:Airlift
2664:of the
2560:in the
2499:rockets
2434:in his
2432:Jiao Yu
2420:bombard
2416:Sichuan
2339:bellows
2324:Huainan
2285:in his
2140:Nataruk
2112:History
2046:warfare
1993:Writers
1988:Weapons
1953:Battles
1902:Related
1890:Wargame
1885:Uniform
1833:Culture
1614:Perfidy
1609:Justice
1530:Science
1515:Outpost
1468:History
1448:Warrior
1444:Soldier
1432:foreign
1370:counter
1270:Service
1220:Theater
1160:Limited
1140:Endemic
1055:Nuclear
828:Foxhole
803:Cavalry
791:Airdrop
776:Airlift
761:Tactics
733:Nuclear
723:Missile
652:Cavalry
637:Barrage
615:Weapons
575:Surface
356:Command
351:Bombers
308:Frogman
278:Cavalry
250:Medical
217:Militia
199:Regular
179:Marines
93:castles
83:Ancient
71:History
50:outline
4977:Combat
4947:Ranged
4850:Deadly
4566:Poland
4561:Norway
4546:Mexico
4526:Greece
4516:France
4486:Canada
4476:Brazil
4382:Turkey
4377:Serbia
4372:Russia
4332:Greece
4322:France
4317:Canada
4216:Modern
4100:
4071:
4020:Houthi
3980:
3878:
3870:
3829:
3746:
3697:
3689:
3608:(1985)
3545:
3395:
3370:
3362:
3307:
3216:
3178:
3170:
3144:Nature
3121:
2799:, and
2693:, and
2628:(1906)
2540:Armies
2387:rocket
2375:cannon
2368:Daoist
2336:piston
2303:Arabia
2279:siphon
2267:Greece
2104:, and
1973:Sieges
1657:Theory
1397:Morale
1255:Policy
1250:Branch
1030:Mosaic
1020:Fabian
967:Covert
900:Trench
885:Screen
808:Charge
798:Battle
771:Aerial
689:Denial
657:Horses
585:Seabed
538:Tunnel
518:Jungle
508:Desert
478:Aerial
5005:Mount
4988:Other
4952:Space
4912:Melee
4845:Cyber
4758:Types
4541:Japan
4536:Italy
4491:China
4347:Japan
4342:Italy
4337:India
4098:JSTOR
4069:S2CID
3876:JSTOR
3695:S2CID
3543:JSTOR
3368:S2CID
3360:JSTOR
3246:(PDF)
3239:(PDF)
3176:S2CID
2977:Radar
2734:Laser
2681:Space
2617:Naval
2495:fuses
2366:by a
2320:Wuyue
2318:from
2265:-era
1946:Lists
1402:Women
1340:Ranks
1260:Staff
1190:Proxy
1105:Class
1060:Naval
1045:Depth
880:Swarm
873:Siege
853:Naval
833:Drone
728:Music
703:Robot
699:Drone
684:Cyber
627:Armor
597:Cyber
570:Green
565:Brown
528:Urban
488:Space
409:Radar
404:Sonar
273:Armor
230:Staff
208:Ranks
4870:List
4830:Cold
3978:ISBN
3903:2014
3868:ISSN
3827:ISSN
3777:2019
3744:PMID
3687:ISSN
3438:2011
3406:2014
3393:ISBN
3318:2014
3305:ISBN
3254:2014
3214:ISBN
3168:PMID
3119:ISBN
3007:The
2946:and
2624:HMS
2209:The
2173:The
1983:Wars
1500:Base
1050:Goal
962:Raid
560:Blue
498:Land
169:Navy
164:Army
4967:Toy
4090:doi
4061:doi
3984:),
3858:doi
3819:doi
3815:116
3734:doi
3722:521
3679:doi
3535:doi
3352:doi
3160:doi
3148:529
2152:BCE
1567:Law
1510:FOB
1505:MOB
550:Sea
42:War
5050::
4096:.
4086:28
4084:.
4067:.
4057:21
4055:.
4008:AI
4002:,
3998:,
3972:,
3955:.
3921:.
3874:.
3866:.
3854:16
3852:.
3848:.
3825:.
3813:.
3794:.
3768:.
3756:^
3742:.
3732:.
3720:.
3716:.
3693:.
3685:.
3675:34
3673:.
3669:.
3566:80
3564:.
3541:.
3531:56
3529:.
3422:.
3366:.
3358:.
3348:29
3346:.
3261:^
3200:^
3174:.
3166:.
3158:.
3146:.
3142:.
2795:,
2760:.
2717:.
2711:,
2689:,
2588:.
2393:'
2108:.
2100:,
2096:,
2092:,
2088:,
2084:,
2074:.
2052:.
1446:/
701:/
215:/
201:/
4444:)
4440:/
4436:(
4430:)
4426:/
4422:(
4153:e
4146:t
4139:v
4104:.
4092::
4075:.
4063::
3905:.
3882:.
3860::
3833:.
3821::
3798:.
3779:.
3750:.
3736::
3728::
3701:.
3681::
3549:.
3537::
3440:.
3408:.
3374:.
3354::
3320:.
3222:.
3182:.
3162::
3154::
3127:.
2779:.
2249:.
2215:(
2022:e
2015:t
2008:v
52:)
48:(
20:)
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