20:
574:
543:
494:
509:
524:
85:
686:
76:. "Ammine" is spelled this way for historical reasons; in contrast, alkyl or aryl bearing ligands are spelt with a single "m". Almost all metal ions bind ammonia as a ligand, but the most prevalent examples of ammine complexes are for Cr(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) as well as several platinum group metals.
116:
Ammine complexes played a major role in the development of coordination chemistry, specifically determination of the stereochemistry and structure. They are easily prepared, and the metal-nitrogen ratio can be determined by elemental analysis. Through studies mainly on the ammine complexes,
1129:) is sometimes used to solubilise the polymer. Schweizer's reagent is prepared by treating an aqueous solutions of copper(II) ions with ammonia. Initially, the light blue hydroxide precipitates only to redissolve upon addition of more ammonia:
596:
The ammines of chromium(III) and cobalt(III) are of historic significance. Both families of ammines are relatively inert kinetically, which allows the separation of isomers. For example, tetraamminedichlorochromium(III) chloride,
132:(Latin: yellow) complex of cobalt. This name has been discarded as modern chemistry considers color less important than molecular structure. Other metal ammine complexes also were labeled according to their color, such as
739:
Copper(I) forms only labile complexes with ammonia, including the trigonal planar . Silver gives the diammine complex with linear coordination geometry. It is this complex that forms when otherwise rather insoluble
1441:
EĂmann, Ralf; Kreiner, Guido; Niemann, Anke; Rechenbach, Dirk; Schmieding, Axel; Sichla, Thomas; Zachwieja, Uwe; Jacobs, Herbert (1996). "Isotype
Strukturen einiger Hexaamminmetall(II)-halogenide von 3d-Metallen:
1604:
Nilsson, K. B.; Persson, I.; Kessler, V. G. (2006). "Coordination
Chemistry of the Solvated Ag and Au Ions in Liquid and Aqueous Ammonia, Trialkyl and Triphenyl Phosphite, and Tri-n-butylphosphine Solutions".
542:
247:
and a "pure" sigma donor. It is also compact such that steric effects are negligible. These factors simplify interpretation of structural and spectroscopic results.The CoâN distances in complexes
573:
1414:
Hair, Neil J.; Beattie, James K. (1977). "Structure of
Hexaaquairon(III) Nitrate Trihydrate. Comparison of Iron(II) and Iron(III) Bond Lengths in High-Spin Octahedral Environments".
1733:
Zott, Michael D.; Peters, Jonas C. (2023). "Improving
Molecular Iron Ammonia Oxidation Electrocatalysts via Substituent Effects that Modulate Standard Potential and Stability".
1573:
Nilsson, Kersti B.; Persson, Ingmar (2004). "The coordination chemistry of copper(I) in liquid ammonia, trialkyl and triphenyl phosphite, and tri-n-butylphosphine solution".
821:
Once complexed to a metal ion, ammonia is no longer basic. This property is illustrated by the stability of some metal ammine complexes in strong acid solutions. When the Mâ
789:. For similar reasons, metal ammine complexes are less strongly oxidizing than are the corresponding aquo complexes. The latter property is illustrated by the stability of
2304:
2341:
508:
2517:
2191:
1845:
1682:
Dunn, Peter L.; Cook, Brian J.; Johnson, Samantha I.; Appel, Aaron M.; Bullock, R. Morris (2020). "Oxidation of
Ammonia with Molecular Complexes".
1640:
Scherf, L. M.; Baer, S. A.; Kraus, F.; Bawaked, S. M.; Schmidbaur, H. (2013). "Implications of the
Crystal Structure of the Ammonia Solvate Cl¡4NH
2535:
2371:
828:
bond is weak, the ammine ligand dissociates and protonation ensues. The behavior is illustrated by the respective non-reaction and reaction with
2540:
2408:
529:
437:
523:
2427:
2498:
2222:
2158:
1372:
Laurence, C. and Gal, J-F. Lewis
Basicity and Affinity Scales, Data and Measurement, (Wiley 2010) pp 50â51 ISBN 978-0-470-74957-9
2363:
2171:
2042:
1306:
2477:
2328:
2249:
2196:
1838:
493:
2214:
2166:
1512:
Reinecke, A. "Ăber
Rhodanchromammonium-Verbindungen" Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, volume 126, pages 113-118 (1863).
1785:
Rosenblatt, A.; Stamford, T. C. M.; Niederman, R. (2009). "Silver diamine fluoride: a caries "silver-fluoride bullet"".
1382:
Cramer, R. E.; Bopp, T. T. (1977). "Graphical display of the enthalpies of adduct formation for Lewis acids and bases".
1285:"Beitrag zur Konstitution anorganischer Verbindungen" Zeitschrift fĂźr anorganische Chemie 1893, Volume 3, pages 267â330.
2489:
2444:
2400:
2384:
2186:
2153:
2143:
2030:
2530:
2439:
2296:
2095:
1772:
1501:
1270:
2392:
2355:
2350:
2316:
2107:
2072:
2055:
2047:
1983:
1923:
1767:
S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg "Principles of
Bioinorganic Chemistry" University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA; 1994.
727:
is violet, and the copper(II) complex is deep blue. The latter is characteristic of the presence of copper(II) in
2201:
1974:
1962:
1933:
1928:
1831:
1029:
In the separation of the individual platinum metals from their ore, several schemes rely on the precipitation of
877:
863:
690:
409:
Homoleptic poly(ammine) complexes are known for many of the transition metals. Most often, they have the formula
137:
2277:
2181:
2135:
2018:
1938:
1892:
728:
1950:
628:
548:
2469:
2291:
2005:
990:
This behavior is relevant to the use of metal-ammine complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of ammonia.
1333:
Atoji, M.; Richardson, J. W.; Rundle, R. E. (1957). "On the
Crystal Structures of the Magnus Salts, Pt(NH
191:). Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by
514:
469:
2561:
876:, the conjugate base can be obtained. The deprotonation of cobalt(III) ammine-halide complexes, e.g.
724:
198:
An ammine ligand bound to a metal ion is markedly more acidic than a free ammonia molecule, although
1496:
Basolo, F.; Pearson, R. G. "Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions." John Wiley and Son: New York: 1967.
1026:. Many other amine complexes of the platinum group metals have been evaluated for this application.
2453:
2013:
1868:
1188:
669:
533:
441:
937:
In some ammine complexes, the NâH bond is weak. Thus one tungsten ammine complex evolve hydrogen:
93:
2241:
2336:
2148:
1400:
The plots shown in this paper used older parameters. Improved E&C parameters are listed in
1103:
1092:
902:
Deprotonation can be combined with oxidation, allowing the conversion of ammine complexes into
782:
211:
180:
50:
2176:
433:
260:
156:
1854:
1547:
207:
23:
1265:
A. von Zelewsky "Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds" John Wiley: Chichester, 1995.
8:
1220:
1044:. In some separation schemes, palladium is purified by manipulating equilibria involving
920:
749:
621:
614:
1551:
2522:
2268:
1873:
1810:
1750:
1715:
647:
579:
19:
1802:
1768:
1754:
1719:
1707:
1699:
1661:
1622:
1586:
1559:
1530:
Essmann, R. (1995). "Influence of coordination on N-H...X- hydrogen bonds. Part 1. Br
1497:
1347:
1302:
1266:
564:
232:
1814:
1239:
1794:
1742:
1691:
1653:
1614:
1578:
1555:
1513:
1479:
1423:
1391:
1355:
1286:
903:
753:
203:
891:
741:
785:
than water, metal ammine complexes are stabilized relative to the corresponding
2286:
2000:
707:, illustrating the vibrant colors typical of transition metal ammine complexes.
1301:"Werner Centennial" George B. Kauffman, Ed. Adv. Chem. Ser., 1967, Volume 62.
582:
features a very stable anionic diamine complex of Cr(III), which is used as a
2555:
1995:
1900:
1798:
1784:
1746:
1517:
1483:
1290:
1282:
1208:
199:
118:
89:
58:
1806:
1711:
1665:
1626:
1590:
956:
950:
786:
583:
184:
125:-winning concept of the structure of coordination compounds (see Figure).
2060:
1823:
1695:
916:
499:
122:
1427:
1359:
1332:
1204:
947:
244:
1703:
1657:
1618:
1395:
84:
1582:
1401:
1099:
999:
465:
192:
188:
980:
943:
484:) is an intermediate in the purification of rhodium from its ores.
149:
745:
62:
444:
are well-studied examples of historic significance. The complex
1023:
73:
1440:
723:. Like most zinc complexes, it has a tetrahedral structure.
685:
374:
low spin trication, but Ru is intrinsically larger than Co
1381:
711:
Zinc(II) forms a colorless tetraammine with the formula
1639:
776:
155:
One of the first ammine complexes to be described was
1603:
855:
The ammine ligands are more acidic than is ammonia (p
517:, the dichloride salt of a pentammine halide complex.
96:
for one isomer of the dichloride salt of the complex
1681:
734:
210:
with ammonia (Calomel reaction) where the resulting
159:, which consists of the platinum tetrammine complex
680:
1472:Zeitschrift fĂźr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
1211:(cavities) and relieve dentinal hypersensitivity.
2553:
591:
551:, the trichloride salt of the hexammine complex
179:Ammonia is a pure Ď-donor, in the middle of the
748:. The same complex is the active ingredient in
1572:
206:is still rare. One example is the reaction of
1839:
862:~ 33). For highly cationic complexes such as
627:is green. The trichloride of the hexaammine (
801:in aqueous solution and the nonexistence of
1529:
1413:
890:labilises the CoâCl bond, according to the
128:Originally salts of were described as the
26:of the tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cation,
1853:
1846:
1832:
1732:
927:)] â [Ru(terpy)(bipy)(NO)] + 5 H + 6 e
781:Since ammonia is a stronger ligand in the
1684:Journal of the American Chemical Society
684:
563:. It is famously stable in concentrated
428:
174:
83:
18:
998:Metal ammine complexes find many uses.
897:
2554:
1677:
1675:
1317:
816:
1827:
1261:
1259:
1102:, the copper ammine complex known as
1672:
777:Ligand exchange and redox reactions
646:) exists as only a single isomer. "
530:Pentaamine(dinitrogen)ruthenium(II)
468:, is an important anticancer drug.
438:Pentaamine(dinitrogen)ruthenium(II)
88:Structural representations used by
13:
1256:
932:
350:orbital and lower positive charge
14:
2573:
1207:(drug) used to treat and prevent
735:Copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I)
681:Nickel(II), zinc(II), copper(II)
572:
541:
522:
507:
502:, a widely used anticancer drug.
492:
1778:
1761:
1726:
1633:
1597:
1566:
1523:
1506:
1490:
1434:
993:
691:chloropentamminecobalt chloride
436:form diverse ammine complexes.
1540:Journal of Molecular Structure
1407:
1375:
1366:
1326:
1311:
1295:
1276:
1232:
729:qualitative inorganic analysis
322:low-spin trications are small
259:have been examined closely by
1:
1384:Journal of Chemical Education
1226:
1022:) is a drug used in treating
813:(which would oxidize water).
629:hexamminecobalt(III) chloride
592:Cobalt(III) and chromium(III)
549:Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride
425:= 2, 3, and even 4 (M = Pt).
1560:10.1016/0022-2860(95)08957-W
1322:(3rd ed.). p. 360.
771:
756:reacts with ammonia to form
677:was first reported in 1863.
7:
1214:
404:
16:Class of chemical compounds
10:
2578:
1787:Journal of Dental Research
515:Pentamminerhodium chloride
470:Pentamminerhodium chloride
79:
2510:
2420:
2261:
2234:
2120:
2088:
1916:
1885:
1861:
1318:Huheey, James E. (1983).
183:, and shows intermediate
138:cobalt pentammine complex
1799:10.1177/0022034508329406
1747:10.1021/acscatal.3c03772
1518:10.1002/jlac.18631260116
1484:10.1002/zaac.19966220709
1291:10.1002/zaac.18930030136
1189:Silver diammine fluoride
967:)] â 2 [W(terpy)(PMe
534:metal dinitrogen complex
295:d-electron configuration
148:(Latin: violet) for two
61:containing at least one
1244:www.merriam-webster.com
1855:Coordination complexes
1240:"Definition of AMMINE"
852:toward aqueous acids.
783:spectrochemical series
708:
613:, has two forms - the
488:Metal-Ammine Complexes
212:mercuric amidochloride
181:spectrochemical series
152:tetrammine complexes.
136:(Latin: purple) for a
113:
55:metal ammine complexes
51:coordination chemistry
46:
1098:In the processing of
744:dissolves in aqueous
688:
620:is violet, while the
434:Platinum group metals
429:Platinum group metals
261:X-ray crystallography
214:is highly insoluble.
175:Structure and bonding
94:Sophus Mads Jørgensen
87:
22:
1696:10.1021/jacs.0c08269
898:Oxidation of ammonia
442:CreutzâTaube complex
208:mercury(II) chloride
187:behaviour (see also
24:Ball-and-stick model
1741:(21): 14052â14057.
1690:(42): 17845â17858.
1646:Inorganic Chemistry
1607:Inorganic Chemistry
1575:Dalton Transactions
1552:1995JMoSt.356..201E
1428:10.1021/ic50168a006
1416:Inorganic Chemistry
1360:10.1021/ja01569a009
1320:Inorganic Chemistry
1221:Ligand field theory
1104:Schweizer's reagent
1093:Magnus's green salt
817:Acid-base reactions
650:" with the formula
279:
144:(Greek: green) and
904:nitrosyl complexes
709:
398:low spin dication
267:MâN distances for
266:
157:Magnus' green salt
114:
47:
2549:
2548:
1658:10.1021/ic302550q
1619:10.1021/ic060175v
1613:(17): 6912â6921.
1396:10.1021/ed054p612
1354:(12): 3017â3020.
1348:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1307:978-0-8412-0063-0
1142:] + 2 OH â Cu(OH)
565:hydrochloric acid
464:, under the name
402:
401:
2569:
2562:Ammine complexes
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1782:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1652:(4): 2157â2161.
1637:
1631:
1630:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1583:10.1039/B400888J
1577:(9): 1312â1319.
1570:
1564:
1563:
1527:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1478:(7): 1161â1166.
1438:
1432:
1431:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1236:
1202:
1184:
1151:
1128:
1090:
1074:
1058:
1043:
1021:
986:
928:
888:
874:
851:
839:
827:
812:
800:
767:
754:Gold(I) chloride
750:Tollens' reagent
725:Hexaamminenickel
722:
706:
676:
645:
612:
576:
562:
545:
526:
511:
496:
483:
463:
420:
292:MâN distance (Ă
)
280:
278:
265:
258:
239:
204:aqueous solution
170:
111:
71:
45:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2526:
2506:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2435:
2431:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2345:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2281:
2272:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2230:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2162:
2139:
2131:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2009:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1857:
1852:
1822:
1783:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1731:
1727:
1680:
1673:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1602:
1598:
1571:
1567:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1412:
1408:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1217:
1203:) is a topical
1200:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
996:
985:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
941:
935:
933:H-atom transfer
926:
914:
910:
900:
892:Sn1CB mechanism
886:
882:
878:
872:
868:
864:
861:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
819:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
779:
774:
765:
761:
757:
742:silver chloride
737:
720:
716:
712:
705:
701:
697:
693:
683:
673:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:Reinecke's salt
644:
640:
636:
632:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
587:
580:Reinecke's salt
577:
568:
560:
556:
552:
546:
537:
527:
518:
512:
503:
497:
481:
477:
473:
461:
457:
453:
449:
431:
418:
414:
410:
407:
395:
391:
371:
367:
349:
346:population of e
343:
339:
319:
315:
276:
272:
268:
256:
252:
248:
236:
230:
226:
222:
218:
177:
168:
164:
160:
109:
105:
101:
97:
82:
70:
66:
59:metal complexes
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2511:Halide donors:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1793:(2): 116â125.
1777:
1760:
1725:
1671:
1641:
1632:
1596:
1565:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1505:
1489:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1422:(2): 245â250.
1406:
1374:
1365:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1310:
1294:
1275:
1255:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:O â [Cu(NH
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1017:
1013:
1009:
995:
992:
988:
987:
983:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
934:
931:
930:
929:
924:
912:
899:
896:
884:
880:
870:
866:
859:
847:
843:
835:
831:
824:
818:
815:
808:
804:
796:
792:
787:aquo complexes
778:
775:
773:
770:
763:
759:
736:
733:
718:
714:
703:
699:
695:
682:
679:
671:
665:
661:
657:
653:
642:
638:
634:
608:
604:
600:
593:
590:
589:
588:
578:
571:
569:
558:
554:
547:
540:
538:
528:
521:
519:
513:
506:
504:
498:
491:
489:
479:
475:
459:
455:
451:
430:
427:
416:
412:
406:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
369:
365:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
331:
328:
324:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
304:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
284:
274:
270:
254:
250:
241:
240:
234:
228:
224:
220:
176:
173:
166:
162:
121:developed his
107:
103:
99:
81:
78:
68:
41:
37:
33:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2574:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1773:0-935702-73-3
1770:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:ACS Catalysis
1729:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1502:0-471-05545-X
1499:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Alfred Werner
1279:
1272:
1271:0-471-95599-X
1268:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1209:dental caries
1206:
1190:
1153:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1027:
1025:
1005:
1001:
991:
982:
958:
952:
949:
945:
940:
939:
938:
922:
918:
909:
908:
907:
905:
895:
893:
889:
875:
858:
853:
814:
788:
784:
769:
755:
751:
747:
743:
732:
730:
726:
692:
687:
678:
675:
656:][Cr(NCS)
649:
630:
626:
624:
619:
617:
585:
581:
575:
570:
566:
550:
544:
539:
535:
531:
525:
520:
516:
510:
505:
501:
495:
490:
487:
486:
485:
471:
467:
447:
443:
439:
435:
426:
424:
397:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
373:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
345:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
321:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
281:
264:
262:
246:
243:Ammonia is a
238:
217:
216:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:deprotonation
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
172:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
119:Alfred Werner
95:
91:
90:Alfred Werner
86:
77:
75:
64:
60:
56:
52:
25:
21:
2500:
2223:
2127:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1763:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1687:
1683:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1574:
1568:
1546:(3): 201â6.
1543:
1539:
1525:
1508:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1436:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1351:
1346:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1297:
1278:
1247:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1187:
1097:
1031:[RhCl(NH
1028:
1003:
997:
994:Applications
989:
936:
915:O + [Ru(
901:
879:[CoCl(NH
856:
854:
820:
780:
738:
710:
694:[CoCl(NH
622:
615:
595:
584:counteranion
532:, the first
474:[RhCl(NH
445:
432:
422:
408:
286:
242:
197:
178:
154:
145:
141:
133:
129:
127:
115:
92:(right) and
54:
48:
1390:: 612â613.
500:Carboplatin
123:Nobel Prize
2172:amino acid
2089:Si donors:
1249:2024-06-27
1227:References
1205:medicament
1193:[Ag(NH
1108:[Cu(NH
1085:][PtCl
1077:[Pt(NH
1046:[Pd(NH
865:[Pt(NH
842:[Ni(NH
830:[Co(NH
791:[Co(NH
758:[Au(NH
713:[Zn(NH
689:Sample of
633:[Co(NH
599:[Cr(NH
553:[Co(NH
245:Lewis base
161:[Pt(NH
106:(pyridine)
98:[Pt(NH
28:[Cu(NH
2421:S donors:
2262:O donors:
2235:P donors:
2197:porphyrin
2144:imidazole
2121:N donors:
1917:C donors:
1886:B donors:
1862:H donors:
1755:264338937
1720:221938378
1402:ECW model
1134:[Cu(H
1100:cellulose
1061:[PdCl
1008:[PtCl
1000:Cisplatin
803:[Co(H
772:Reactions
466:Cisplatin
450:[PtCl
411:[M(NH
269:[M(NH
249:[M(NH
227:â HgCl(NH
193:C-B plots
189:ECW model
185:hardâsoft
2556:Category
1815:30730306
1807:19278981
1712:32977718
1666:23379897
1627:16903749
1591:15252623
1466:, und Cl
1215:See also
1183:] + 2 OH
946:(terpy)(
440:and the
405:Examples
298:comment
150:isomeric
134:purpureo
2035:& C
1704:1706682
1548:Bibcode
746:ammonia
668:]·
652:[NH
233:[NH
80:History
63:ammonia
1943:ďźCH-CH
1813:
1805:
1771:
1753:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1664:
1625:
1589:
1500:
1305:
1269:
1159:+ 4 NH
1155:Cu(OH)
1075:, and
1024:cancer
625:isomer
618:isomer
421:where
223:+ 2 NH
146:violeo
142:praseo
140:, and
74:ligand
1934:HC(O)
1929:RC(O)
1811:S2CID
1751:S2CID
1716:S2CID
1534:and I
1163:+ 2 H
1146:+ 6 H
1124:](OH)
979:)] +
917:terpy
623:trans
385:2.144
361:2.104
333:2.114
309:1.936
130:luteo
2337:acac
2309:/HCO
2192:bipy
1951:C(CH
1803:PMID
1769:ISBN
1708:PMID
1700:OSTI
1662:PMID
1623:PMID
1587:PMID
1498:ISBN
1462:, Br
1458:, Br
1454:, Cl
1450:, Cl
1341:PtCl
1303:ISBN
1267:ISBN
923:)(NH
921:bipy
840:and
231:) +
219:HgCl
57:are
2432:NCS
2409:OPR
2385:OSR
2364:ClO
2351:ONO
2329:RCO
2206:Si)
2202:(Me
2187:RCN
2154:RNO
2102:4ân
2100:SiR
2056:âĄCR
2048:=CR
2043:RNC
1967:ďźCH
1795:doi
1743:doi
1692:doi
1688:142
1654:doi
1644:".
1615:doi
1579:doi
1556:doi
1544:356
1538:".
1514:doi
1480:doi
1476:622
1470:".
1446:, I
1424:doi
1392:doi
1356:doi
1345:".
1287:doi
1095:).
1065:(NH
1054:]Cl
1039:]Cl
1012:(NH
1004:cis
975:(NH
971:Ph)
963:(NH
906::
702:]Cl
660:(NH
641:]Cl
616:cis
611:]Cl
454:(NH
446:cis
237:]Cl
202:in
195:.
49:In
2558::
2536:Br
2531:Cl
2499:NC
2490:SR
2470:SO
2440:RS
2401:PO
2393:SO
2380:NO
2356:NO
2346:CO
2305:CO
2287:RO
2250:PR
2242:PR
2226:CS
2182:RN
2167:py
2159:NO
2149:NO
2128:NH
2112:Si
2037:70
2033:60
2006:CO
2001:CO
1996:CN
1975:RC
1963:CH
1939:CH
1893:BR
1809:.
1801:.
1791:88
1789:.
1749:.
1739:13
1737:.
1714:.
1706:.
1698:.
1686:.
1674:^
1660:.
1650:52
1648:.
1621:.
1611:45
1609:.
1585:.
1554:.
1542:.
1474:.
1420:16
1418:.
1388:54
1386:.
1352:79
1258:^
1242:.
1201:]F
1179:O)
1175:(H
1138:O)
1120:O)
1116:(H
1059:,
957:Ph
951:Me
942:2
919:)(
894:.
823:NH
807:O)
768:.
752:.
731:.
631:,
607:Cl
390:2g
382:2+
379:Ru
366:2g
358:3+
355:Ru
338:2g
330:2+
327:Co
314:2g
306:3+
303:Co
263:.
171:.
72:)
67:NH
53:,
40:O)
36:(H
2541:I
2525:2
2523:F
2518:F
2501:S
2494:O
2492:2
2484:3
2482:O
2480:2
2478:S
2472:2
2464:2
2462:S
2460:2
2458:C
2456:2
2454:R
2449:S
2447:2
2445:R
2434:2
2430:2
2428:R
2411:3
2403:4
2395:4
2387:2
2378:5
2376:H
2374:5
2372:C
2366:4
2358:3
2344:2
2342:R
2331:2
2323:4
2321:O
2319:2
2317:C
2311:3
2307:3
2299:2
2297:O
2292:O
2282:O
2280:2
2278:R
2273:O
2271:2
2269:H
2252:2
2244:3
2224:N
2217:2
2215:N
2210:N
2208:2
2204:3
2177:N
2161:2
2138:3
2136:N
2130:3
2110:3
2108:R
2098:n
2096:H
2079:7
2077:H
2075:9
2073:C
2067:5
2065:H
2063:5
2061:C
2050:2
2031:C
2025:6
2023:R
2021:6
2019:C
2014:C
2008:2
1990:4
1988:H
1986:6
1984:C
1979:R
1977:2
1969:2
1965:2
1957:3
1955:)
1953:2
1945:2
1941:2
1924:R
1907:n
1905:H
1903:m
1901:B
1895:2
1876:2
1874:H
1869:H
1847:e
1840:t
1833:v
1817:.
1797::
1775:.
1757:.
1745::
1722:.
1694::
1668:.
1656::
1642:3
1629:.
1617::
1593:.
1581::
1562:.
1558::
1550::
1536:2
1532:2
1520:.
1516::
1486:.
1482::
1468:2
1464:2
1460:2
1456:2
1452:2
1448:2
1444:2
1442:I
1430:.
1426::
1404:.
1398:.
1394::
1362:.
1358::
1343:4
1339:4
1337:)
1335:3
1289::
1273:.
1252:.
1199:2
1197:)
1195:3
1191:(
1181:2
1177:2
1173:4
1171:)
1169:3
1165:2
1161:3
1157:2
1150:O
1148:2
1144:2
1140:6
1136:2
1126:2
1122:2
1118:2
1114:4
1112:)
1110:3
1106:(
1091:(
1089:]
1087:4
1083:4
1081:)
1079:3
1073:]
1071:2
1069:)
1067:3
1063:2
1056:2
1052:4
1050:)
1048:3
1041:2
1037:5
1035:)
1033:3
1020:]
1018:2
1016:)
1014:3
1010:2
1006:-
1002:(
984:2
981:H
977:2
973:2
969:2
965:3
961:2
959:)
954:2
948:P
944:W
925:3
913:2
911:H
887:]
885:5
883:)
881:3
873:]
871:6
869:)
867:3
860:a
857:K
850:]
848:6
846:)
844:3
838:]
836:6
834:)
832:3
825:3
811:]
809:6
805:2
799:]
797:6
795:)
793:3
766:]
764:2
762:)
760:3
721:]
719:4
717:)
715:3
704:2
700:5
698:)
696:3
674:O
672:2
670:H
666:2
664:)
662:3
658:4
654:4
643:3
639:6
637:)
635:3
609:2
605:4
603:)
601:3
586:.
567:.
561:]
559:6
557:)
555:3
536:.
482:]
480:5
478:)
476:3
472:(
462:]
460:2
458:)
456:3
452:2
448:-
423:n
419:]
417:6
415:)
413:3
394:g
392:e
388:t
370:g
368:e
364:t
348:g
342:g
340:e
336:t
318:g
316:e
312:t
289:+
287:n
283:M
277:]
275:6
273:)
271:3
257:]
255:6
253:)
251:3
235:4
229:2
225:3
221:2
169:]
167:4
165:)
163:3
112:.
110:]
108:2
104:2
102:)
100:3
69:3
65:(
44:]
42:2
38:2
34:4
32:)
30:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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