191:), Augustus stated that he had settled 120,000 soldiers in twenty colonies in Italy in 31 BCE, then 100,000 men in colonies in Spain and southern Gaul in 14 BCE, followed by another 96,000 in 2 BCE. Brian Campbell also states "From 49 to 32 BCE about 420,000 Italians were recruited", which would thus be the veteran (citizen) stock that was largely sent to the provinces (colonies) during Augustus. The Lex Calpurnia, however, also allowed citizenship to be granted for distinguished bravery. For example, the 1,000 socii from Camerinum after
104:
4250:
382:
634:
400:). Anyone who wanted to deal (through writing) with the bureaucracy and/or with the Roman market had to write in Latin. The extent of the adoption is subject to ongoing debate, as the native languages were certainly spoken after the conquests. Moreover, in the eastern half of the Empire, Latin had to compete with
780:
Le déclin du
Gaulois et sa disparition ne s'expliquent pas seulement par des pratiques culturelles spécifiques: Lorsque les Romains conduits par César envahirent la Gaule, au 1er siecle avant J.-C., celle-ci romanisa de manière progressive et profonde. Pendant près de 500 ans, la fameuse période
163:
About 400 towns (of the Roman Empire) are known to have possessed the rank of colonia. During the empire, colonies were showcases of Roman culture and examples of the Roman way of life. The native population of the provinces could see how they were expected to live. Because of this function, the
312:
model – Native elites were encouraged to increase social standing through association with the powerful conqueror, be it in dress, language, housing or food consumption. This would have provided them with associated power. The establishment of a civil administration system is quickly imposed to
484:
effectively resisted all but its most superficial effects. When the Empire was divided, the east, with mainly Greek culture, was marked by the increasing strength of specifically Greek culture and language to the detriment of the Latin language and other
Romanizing influences, but its citizens
206:
However, Romanization did not always result in the extinction of all aspects of native cultures even when there was extensive acculturation. Many non-Latin provincial languages survived the entire period while sustaining considerable Latin influence, including the ancestor languages of Welsh,
367:". Christianity actually is centered in Rome, and believes that a Roman Bishop is the supreme head of Christianity: the spread of Roman Catholicism corresponds with the spread of a Latinized "Western" cultural mindset and generally of the spread of the Romance languages, all based on Latin.
135:
Ancient Roman historiography and traditional
Italian historiography confidently identified the different processes involved with a "civilization of barbarians". Modern historians take a more nuanced view: by making their peace with Rome, local elites could make their position more secure and
164:
promotion of a town to the status of "Colonia civium
Romanorum" implied that all citizens received full citizen rights and dedicated a temple to the Capitoline triad: Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, the deities venerated in the temple of Jupiter Best and Biggest on the Capitol in Rome. Livius
492:
certainly was
Romanized, its approximation to the Roman culture seems to have been smaller than that of Gaul. The most Romanized regions, as demonstrated by Dott. Bernward Tewes and Barbara Woitas of the computing center of the Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, were Italy, the
319:– No uniformity of identity that can accurately be described as traditional Romanization. Fundamental differences within a province are visible through economics, religion and identity. Not all provincials supported Rome and not all elites wanted to be like the Roman upper classes.
1047:
believed that it was descended from the Romans, and that
Lithuanian was a "morphed" Romance language. Excluding Ireland, the spread of Roman Catholicism in Europe corresponds fairly neatly with the spread of the Western Cultural sphere in a Romanophile
123:
proceeded from the top down, with the upper classes adopting Roman culture first and the old ways lingering longest among peasants in outlying countryside and rural areas. Hostages played an important part in this process, as elite children, from
508:
Romanization in most of those regions remains such a powerful cultural influence in most aspects of life today that they are described as "Latin countries" and "Latin
American countries". That is most evident in European countries in which
517:, cultural Romanization was more complete in those areas that developed a "neolatin language" (like Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian). The same process later developed in the recent centuries' colonial empires.
180:
settled many of their veterans in colonies: in Italy, and the provinces. The colonies that were established in Italy until 14 BCE have been studied by Keppie (1983). In his account of the achievements of his long reign,
452:
origin of most of the languages and by the similarity of the gods of many ancient cultures. They also already had trade relations and contacts with one another through the seafaring
Mediterranean cultures like the
227:
is thought to have survived into the 6th century in France, despite considerable
Romanization of the local material culture. The last record of spoken Gaulish deemed to be plausibly credible was when
301:
and cultural change, forms the basis for the modern understanding of
Romanization. However, recent scholarship has devoted itself to providing alternate models of how native populations adopted
1141:"A new approach to the study of Romanization in Britain: A regional perspective of cultural change in late Iron Age and Roman Dorset using the Siler and Gompertz-Makeham models of mortality"
219:. Where there was language replacement, in some cases, such as Italy, it took place in the early imperial stage, while in others, native languages only totally succumbed to Latin
464:
Romanization was largely effective in the western half of the empire, where native civilizations were weaker. In the Hellenized east, ancient civilizations like those of
6193:
1316:
781:
gallo-romaine, le gaulois et le latin parlé coexistèrent; au VIe siècle encore; le temoignage de Grégoire de Tours atteste la survivance de la langue gauloise.
392:
were adopted by some, and the Latin language was spread, which was greatly facilitated by the fact that many cultures were mostly oral (particularly for the
6183:
4424:
6058:
136:
reinforce their prestige. New themes include the study of personal and group values and the construction of identity, which is the personal aspect of
4439:
155:, colonies were created by using retired veteran soldiers, mainly from the Italian peninsula, who promoted Roman customs and laws, with the use of
4575:
4286:
6198:
914:
6223:
1203:
4419:
242:
which "is called Vasso Galatae in the Gallic tongue" was destroyed and burnt to the ground. Coexisting with Latin, Gaulish helped shape the
5568:
4648:
1745:
1787:
1775:
3160:
1834:
4580:
6138:
4326:
278:), where direct Roman policy from the top promoted an increase in the Roman population of the province through the establishment of
5412:
4207:
1750:
563:
5052:
4225:
3122:
1760:
17:
5500:
4806:
3067:
1755:
1489:
799:
And coming to Clermont he set on fire, overthrew and destroyed that shrine which they call Vasso Galatæ in the Gallic tongue.
325:– Aspects of both native and Roman cultures are joined together, as can be seen in the Roman acceptance, and adoption of, non-
6078:
3037:
1862:
1389:
1087:
773:
203:, got Roman citizenship. By the time of Augustus, the legions consisted mostly of ethnic Latins/Italics and Cisalpine Gauls.
988:
Millet, M., 1990, "Romanization: historical issues and archaeological interpretation", in Blagg, T. and Millett, M. (Eds.),
4392:
3127:
3002:
2155:
609:
4279:
1708:
1379:
6243:
3306:
3047:
1807:
1374:
1369:
1345:
1196:
898:
1014:
Webster, J., 1997 "Necessary Comparisons: A Post-Colonial Approach to Religious Syncretism in the Roman Provinces",
6274:
6269:
6073:
5434:
4927:
4873:
3268:
3062:
1735:
1384:
1311:
797:
Veniens vero Arvernos, delubrum illud, quod Gallica lingua Vasso Galatæ vocant, incendit, diruit, atque subvertit.
566:
is another event that contributed to the de-romanization of the Balkans where the rapid demographic spread of the
6173:
6108:
5153:
4230:
3438:
1328:
1261:
5364:
4272:
4220:
3488:
3293:
3153:
2082:
2007:
1765:
1105:
619:
5517:
4536:
4321:
2578:
84:
31:
6128:
6113:
6008:
4784:
3369:
2418:
2022:
1474:
1189:
1096:
Francisco Marco SimĂłn, "Religion and Religious Practices of the Ancient Celts of the Iberian Peninsula" in
59:), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as
4945:
513:
are spoken and former colonies that have inherited the languages and other Roman influences. According to
168:
It has been estimated that at the beginning of the empire, about 750,000 Italians lived in the provinces.
6279:
5534:
5045:
4982:
4524:
4370:
4235:
3248:
3117:
3042:
2801:
1857:
1740:
1286:
694:
The Romanization of Central Spain: complexity, diversity, and change in a Provincial Hintellrfreshsrland
5405:
5128:
4932:
3401:
3396:
3077:
2741:
2633:
2403:
2175:
1997:
1905:
1770:
1713:
614:
376:
6053:
6013:
5454:
4253:
3433:
3340:
3333:
3311:
3146:
3097:
2190:
2145:
2072:
1992:
1940:
1930:
1882:
1229:
266:. One of the first approaches, which now can be regarded as the "traditional" approach, was taken by
140:. The transitions operated differently in different provinces; as Blagg and Millett point out even a
6153:
5881:
5643:
5603:
5593:
5541:
4695:
4546:
4481:
4409:
3473:
3458:
3273:
3258:
2698:
2608:
2117:
2097:
2092:
2077:
2030:
1970:
1925:
1727:
592:
587:
816:
Papers from the Workshop within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies
5931:
5839:
5138:
4628:
3588:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3283:
3263:
3220:
3107:
3087:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2413:
2102:
2002:
1897:
1887:
1592:
1532:
1512:
1224:
449:
183:
4821:
882:
6103:
6093:
5682:
5613:
5598:
5079:
5038:
4962:
4331:
3990:
3423:
3418:
3345:
3240:
3112:
3102:
3052:
3032:
2846:
2821:
2786:
2668:
2393:
2040:
1802:
1333:
534:
196:
6213:
6188:
6118:
5801:
5529:
5302:
5260:
5230:
4764:
4727:
4683:
4295:
3288:
3178:
3082:
3012:
2836:
2588:
2388:
2383:
2180:
2087:
2012:
1975:
1960:
1935:
1915:
1817:
604:
409:
68:
874:
294:). Haverfield thus assumes this would have a Romanizing effect upon the native communities.
6208:
5963:
5876:
5854:
5777:
5773:
5702:
5618:
5563:
5558:
5381:
5225:
5114:
4999:
4967:
3379:
3350:
3253:
3092:
3057:
2746:
2613:
2513:
2438:
2303:
2266:
1642:
1306:
1110:
1043:(heavily Catholic) was writing Latin literary works into the 19th Century. The nobility of
2736:
437:
Gradually, the conquered would see themselves as Romans. The process was supported by the
8:
6233:
6098:
5968:
5758:
5687:
5444:
5417:
5400:
5388:
5210:
5166:
5004:
4977:
4387:
4380:
4215:
3428:
3022:
2871:
2673:
2543:
2493:
1812:
1409:
639:
326:
192:
5953:
5869:
5859:
5692:
5655:
5585:
5524:
5507:
5461:
5371:
5285:
5099:
4660:
4348:
3598:
3450:
3389:
3278:
3210:
3186:
3072:
2796:
2603:
2458:
2398:
2318:
2261:
2125:
1361:
1340:
1165:
1140:
1075:
971:
908:
481:
342:
267:
64:
2711:
875:
6083:
5985:
5973:
5958:
5938:
5849:
5796:
5768:
5750:
5553:
5429:
5422:
5235:
5183:
5161:
5089:
4994:
4613:
3374:
3225:
3200:
2706:
2558:
2313:
2273:
2251:
1459:
1170:
1083:
894:
861:
Vers les sources des langues romanes: Un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania
769:
652:
549:
510:
494:
291:
208:
6228:
1001:
Mattingly, D. J., 2004, "Being Roman: Expressing Identity in a provincial setting",
927:
Mattingly, D. J., 2004, "Being Roman: Expressing Identity in a provincial setting",
742:
Pat Southern - The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History (2006/Oxford Uni.)
254:, the word for "yes"), sound changes, and influences in conjugation and word order.
5844:
5834:
5660:
5608:
5512:
5376:
5265:
5215:
5193:
5188:
5119:
4972:
4905:
4837:
4633:
3797:
3169:
2771:
2731:
2663:
2598:
2523:
2518:
2290:
2213:
2160:
1955:
1950:
1839:
1698:
1647:
1607:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1557:
1479:
1426:
1419:
1404:
1399:
1323:
1251:
1160:
1152:
963:
886:
355:– Romanization occurs as a result of negotiation between different elements of non-
228:
224:
6218:
6158:
6043:
5891:
5886:
5864:
5784:
5738:
5495:
5449:
5347:
5324:
5307:
5280:
5065:
5019:
4939:
4917:
4900:
4707:
4672:
4513:
4503:
4459:
4454:
4353:
4316:
3406:
3384:
3328:
3298:
3182:
2866:
2678:
2658:
2618:
2553:
2503:
2498:
2373:
2323:
2231:
2065:
2045:
1965:
1414:
1239:
514:
408:
and even spread to new areas. Latin became prominent in certain areas around new
346:
216:
212:
148:
147:
One characteristic of cultural Romanization was the creation of many hundreds of
38:
6248:
6168:
6123:
6063:
6028:
5820:
5733:
5638:
5546:
5337:
5171:
5094:
5009:
4912:
4895:
4811:
4791:
4759:
4712:
4702:
4655:
4643:
4602:
4597:
4563:
4553:
4531:
4493:
4464:
4449:
4399:
4375:
4306:
4080:
3864:
3528:
3215:
2921:
2563:
2298:
2246:
2218:
2165:
2150:
2130:
1945:
1920:
1877:
1867:
1693:
1667:
1597:
1582:
1547:
1507:
1268:
571:
557:
458:
438:
271:
263:
200:
141:
72:
556:
rule. The conquests reversed the Romanization and Hellenization of the native
297:
This thought process, fueled though it was by early 20th century standards of
270:. He saw this process beginning in primarily post-conquest societies (such as
151:
in the territory of the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire. Until
6263:
6203:
6088:
6003:
5948:
5808:
5728:
5623:
5473:
5466:
5359:
5312:
5205:
5061:
4989:
4922:
4863:
4796:
4779:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4717:
4690:
4623:
4607:
4592:
4587:
4541:
4519:
4508:
4498:
4488:
4471:
4414:
4404:
4338:
3839:
3802:
3762:
3628:
3357:
3316:
2453:
2423:
2338:
1872:
1849:
1662:
1517:
1502:
1449:
1256:
890:
575:
489:
465:
405:
302:
169:
120:
60:
5030:
3941:
1124:
Susanne Pilhofer: "Romanisierung in Kilikien? Das Zeugnis der Inschriften" (
873:
Adams, J. N. (2007). "Chapter V -- Regionalisms in provincial texts: Gaul".
103:
27:
Cultural assimilation of peripheral populations by the Roman Republic/Empire
6238:
6038:
5943:
5789:
5763:
5672:
5354:
5342:
5290:
5250:
5245:
5109:
5104:
4868:
4847:
4816:
4801:
4774:
4769:
4722:
4667:
4618:
4570:
4558:
4476:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4311:
3533:
3523:
3506:
3323:
2931:
2791:
2236:
2185:
2140:
2135:
1987:
1797:
1683:
1627:
1622:
1394:
1278:
1212:
1174:
848:
Munus amicitae. Studia linguistica in honorem Witoldi Manczak septuagenarii
657:
553:
442:
243:
137:
112:
80:
76:
718:
262:
The very existence of Romanization is a source of contention among modern
246:
dialects that developed into French, with effects including loanwords and
6178:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5898:
5723:
5628:
5439:
5275:
5240:
5220:
5200:
5178:
5143:
5014:
4842:
4638:
4343:
4015:
3973:
3896:
3809:
3677:
3667:
3578:
3362:
2726:
2348:
2170:
2060:
1454:
530:
477:
473:
454:
401:
389:
364:
363:
One additional reason behind the romanization process was the "Spread of
356:
298:
173:
4264:
729:
Scheidel, "Demography", 49–50, 64, 64 n. 114, citing P. A. Brunt,
5709:
5697:
5667:
5633:
5573:
5255:
4192:
3980:
3963:
3911:
3901:
3886:
3854:
3844:
3722:
3672:
3548:
3543:
3511:
3230:
2951:
2891:
2856:
2648:
2583:
2573:
2468:
2353:
2241:
1824:
1792:
1537:
1464:
1296:
1291:
1156:
1059:"Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss Slaby EDCS, unter Mitarbeit von Anne Kolb"
975:
545:
125:
92:
88:
1181:
1058:
6143:
5980:
5715:
5677:
5270:
5084:
4363:
4358:
4187:
4182:
4172:
4105:
4010:
3906:
3869:
3859:
3819:
3772:
3767:
3717:
3657:
3583:
3573:
3553:
3516:
3501:
2981:
2976:
2936:
2861:
2831:
2811:
2688:
2628:
2538:
2488:
2483:
2408:
2368:
2256:
2226:
2035:
1910:
1703:
1587:
1562:
1441:
1044:
647:
431:
420:
338:
967:
305:
and has questioned the extent to which it was accepted or resisted.
6133:
5829:
5650:
5478:
5393:
5332:
5295:
4160:
4145:
4125:
4110:
4090:
4065:
4050:
4045:
4025:
3995:
3985:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3752:
3737:
3712:
3692:
3662:
3652:
3647:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3538:
3496:
3205:
3138:
2941:
2926:
2916:
2901:
2816:
2806:
2776:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2653:
2568:
2448:
2433:
2363:
2343:
2333:
2328:
2308:
2107:
1688:
1652:
1542:
1469:
1301:
680:
538:
502:
469:
397:
239:
177:
6048:
5903:
5815:
4177:
4165:
4155:
4130:
4120:
4115:
4095:
4085:
4060:
4000:
3958:
3931:
3849:
3782:
3777:
3757:
3747:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3623:
3608:
3558:
2961:
2956:
2946:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2841:
2826:
2643:
2638:
2623:
2593:
2548:
2528:
2508:
2463:
2195:
2050:
1829:
1637:
1632:
1522:
542:
427:
279:
223:
the fall of the Empire, as was likely the case with Gaulish. The
83:
historiography and traditional Italian historiography until the
6068:
4197:
4150:
4135:
4100:
4075:
4040:
4035:
3968:
3953:
3891:
3829:
3814:
3792:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3640:
3635:
3593:
3563:
2971:
2851:
2781:
2721:
2716:
2683:
2443:
2428:
2378:
2358:
1780:
1657:
1552:
1040:
526:
413:
381:
247:
152:
814:
Matasovic, Ranko (2007). "Insular Celtic as a Language Area".
6033:
6023:
6018:
5490:
5485:
4070:
4055:
4030:
4020:
4005:
3948:
3916:
3881:
3876:
3834:
3824:
3707:
3568:
3411:
2756:
2478:
2205:
1497:
850:, eds., Anna Bochnakowa & Stanislan Widlak, Krakow, 1995.
567:
334:
287:
156:
846:
Henri Guiter, "Sur le substrat gaulois dans la Romania", in
423:, with its institutions regarding property and inheritance.
6163:
4140:
3787:
2966:
2533:
2473:
2055:
1431:
498:
393:
330:
290:
and been citizens of Rome following their army tenure (See
275:
129:
1527:
195:
101 BCE (Plutarch Mar. XXXVIII) and the auxiliary (later
71:
of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the
6148:
1027:
Webster, J., 2001, "Creolizing the Roman Provinces",
877:
The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC – AD 600
629:
419:
The local customary laws were supplanted in part by
87:
period, when the various processes were called the "
831:
1074:
570:was followed by a population exchange, mixing and
6261:
1139:Redfern, Rebecca C.; Dewitte, Sharon N. (2010).
954:MacKendrick, P. L (1952). "Roman Colonization".
813:
132:, were taken to be raised and educated in Rome.
1121:Barnes & Noble (re-edition). New York, 2004
359:societies and so material culture is ambiguous.
1138:
763:
5060:
5046:
4280:
3154:
1197:
768:. Ellipses Edition Marketing S.A. p. 7.
733:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), 263.
1098:e-Keltoi: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula
872:
751:B. Campbell The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337 p.9
3185:origin primarily identified as speakers of
953:
827:
825:
5053:
5039:
4287:
4273:
3161:
3147:
1204:
1190:
913:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
485:continued to regard themselves as Romans.
448:The entire process was facilitated by the
4294:
1164:
1145:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
144:may be too broad a canvas to generalize.
1126:Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt
822:
809:
807:
805:
564:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
380:
102:
4226:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
1211:
1114:and the Romanization of Celtic deities.
759:
757:
14:
6262:
426:Typically-Roman institutions, such as
329:religious practices. The inclusion of
313:solidify the permanence of Roman rule.
5034:
4268:
3142:
1185:
866:
802:
705:T. F. C. Blagg and M. Millett, eds.,
675:The identification of countryfolk as
404:, which largely kept its position as
3168:
754:
610:List of cities founded by the Romans
836:. Paris: La Différence. p. 26.
24:
1132:
990:The Early Roman Empire in the West
863:(Leuven, Belgium: Acco, 2006), 83.
707:The Early Roman Empire in the West
520:
98:
25:
6291:
6244:Western European and Others Group
1119:The Provinces of the Roman Empire
942:The Romanization of Roman Britain
731:Italian Manpower 225 B.C.–A.D. 14
4249:
4248:
992:, Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 35–44
632:
189:The Deeds of the Divine Augustus
4231:Christianization of Scandinavia
1051:
1034:
1029:American Journal of Archaeology
1021:
1008:
995:
982:
947:
934:
921:
853:
840:
766:Histoire de la langue française
4221:Christianization of the Franks
3294:Continental Germanic mythology
786:
745:
736:
723:
712:
699:
686:
669:
620:Historiography of Romanization
13:
1:
1068:
834:Dictionnaire Français-Gaulois
232:
32:Romanization (disambiguation)
4869:Romanisation of the writings
1776:Frontiers and fortifications
1003:Journal of Roman Archaeology
929:Journal of Roman Archaeology
832:Savignac, Jean-Paul (2004).
7:
4983:Forced religious conversion
4236:Christianization of Iceland
1835:Decorations and punishments
1031:Vol 105 No. 2, pp. 209–225,
625:
598:
581:
533:were re-Semiticized by the
385:Romance languages in Europe
10:
6296:
2742:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1317:historiography of the fall
615:Spread of the Latin script
377:Legacy of the Roman Empire
374:
257:
231:wrote in the 6th century (
36:
29:
6014:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
5994:
5912:
5749:
5584:
5455:Standard Average European
5323:
5152:
5072:
4955:
4946:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
4888:
4856:
4831:Assimilation by religions
4830:
4302:
4244:
4206:
3487:
3449:
3239:
3193:
3176:
3123:External wars and battles
2990:
2884:
2697:
2289:
2282:
2204:
2116:
2021:
1896:
1848:
1726:
1676:
1615:
1606:
1488:
1440:
1360:
1277:
1247:
1238:
1220:
944:, Oxford: Clarendon Press
370:
79:. The terms were used in
6154:Lancaster House Treaties
5644:Christian existentialism
5604:Ancient Roman philosophy
5594:Ancient Greek philosophy
4857:Assimilation by writings
3474:North Germanic languages
3459:Germanic parent language
1018:Vol 28 No 3, pp. 324–338
891:10.1017/CBO9780511482977
663:
593:Romanization of Hispania
588:Romanization of Anatolia
430:, the imperial cult and
37:Not to be confused with
6275:Culture of ancient Rome
6270:Society of ancient Rome
5932:Equality before the law
5139:Romano-Germanic culture
3479:West Germanic languages
3469:East Germanic languages
3464:Proto-Germanic language
3284:Proto-Germanic folklore
3221:Romano-Germanic culture
3118:Roman–Iranian relations
1593:Optimates and populares
1082:. Thames & Hudson.
1080:The Complete Roman Army
764:Laurence HĂ©lix (2011).
501:, southern Germany and
238:–575) that a shrine in
184:Res Gestae Divi Augusti
18:Linguistic Latinisation
6094:Eastern European Group
5683:Continental philosophy
5614:Judeo-Christian ethics
5599:Hellenistic philosophy
5080:Cradle of civilization
4963:Cultural globalisation
3128:Civil wars and revolts
2394:Sextus Pompeius Festus
2041:Conflict of the Orders
1400:Legislative assemblies
940:Haverfield, F., 1912,
434:fights, were adopted.
386:
197:Legio XXII Deiotariana
166:
117:
115:at its greatest extent
6214:Three Seas Initiative
6189:Pacific Islands Forum
6054:British–Irish Council
5802:Greek Orthodox Church
5261:Industrial Revolution
5231:Scientific Revolution
4296:Cultural assimilation
3289:Anglo-Saxon mythology
3179:Ethnolinguistic group
2837:Simplicius of Cilicia
2589:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1818:Siege in Ancient Rome
1427:Executive magistrates
881:. Cambridge. p.
605:Latinization of names
384:
161:
106:
6209:Special Relationship
5619:Christian philosophy
5564:Western Christianity
5226:Age of Enlightenment
5100:Hellenistic Kingdoms
5000:Internal colonialism
4968:Cultural imperialism
4649:Northern Afghanistan
2847:Stephanus Byzantinus
2752:Eusebius of Caesaria
2614:Sidonius Apollinaris
2304:Ammianus Marcellinus
1643:Tribune of the plebs
692:Leonard A. Curchin,
30:For other uses, see
6234:West Nordic Council
6099:Eastern Partnership
5688:Analytic philosophy
5389:Classical tradition
5211:Early modern period
5167:Classical antiquity
5162:European Bronze Age
5005:Jewish assimilation
4978:Forced assimilation
4516:or Castilianisation
4216:Gothic Christianity
3023:Distinguished women
2674:Velleius Paterculus
2514:Nicolaus Damascenus
2494:Marcellus Empiricus
1883:Republican currency
1117:Mommsen, Theodore.
640:Ancient Rome portal
552:after centuries of
317:Discrepant identity
310:Non-interventionist
6280:Roman assimilation
5693:Post-structuralism
5656:Christian humanism
5286:Universal suffrage
4629:Montenegrinisation
3599:Germani cisrhenani
3307:Funerary practices
3211:Pre-Roman Iron Age
3187:Germanic languages
2797:Phlegon of Tralles
2604:Seneca the Younger
2078:Naming conventions
1808:Personal equipment
1341:Later Roman Empire
1157:10.1002/ajpa.21400
1076:Adrian Goldsworthy
387:
286:would have spoken
268:Francis Haverfield
118:
6257:
6256:
6084:Council of Europe
5986:International law
5939:Constitutionalism
5797:Eastern Orthodoxy
5303:Post–Cold War era
5236:Age of Revolution
5090:Greco-Roman world
5028:
5027:
4995:Identity politics
4884:
4883:
4614:Macedonianisation
4262:
4261:
3434:Gothic and Vandal
3226:Germanic Iron Age
3201:Nordic Bronze Age
3183:Northern European
3136:
3135:
3098:Pontifices maximi
2880:
2879:
2737:Diogenes Laërtius
2559:Pliny the Younger
2314:Asconius Pedianus
2274:Romance languages
2146:Civil engineering
1888:Imperial currency
1761:Political control
1722:
1721:
1356:
1355:
1128:46), Munich 2006.
1089:978-0-500-05124-5
1016:World Archaeology
859:Eugeen Roegiest,
775:978-2-7298-6470-5
653:Roman citizenship
550:Abbasid Caliphate
511:Romance languages
495:Iberian Peninsula
292:Roman citizenship
16:(Redirected from
6287:
6129:EU Customs Union
5661:Secular humanism
5609:Christian ethics
5559:East–West Schism
5542:Physical culture
5266:Great Divergence
5216:Age of Discovery
5055:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5031:
4973:Dominant culture
4956:Related concepts
4918:De-russification
4906:De-stalinisation
4901:De-communisation
4838:Christianisation
4828:
4827:
4680:or Latinisation
4634:Norwegianisation
4610:or Hungarisation
4584:
4425:Colombianisation
4327:Native Americans
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4208:Christianization
3798:Ripuarian Franks
3170:Germanic peoples
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3088:Magistri equitum
3003:Cities and towns
2996:
2922:Constantinopolis
2732:Diodorus Siculus
2664:Valerius Maximus
2599:Seneca the Elder
2519:Nonius Marcellus
2287:
2286:
1840:Hippika gymnasia
1803:Infantry tactics
1709:Consular tribune
1699:Magister equitum
1648:Military tribune
1613:
1612:
1573:Pontifex maximus
1568:Princeps senatus
1558:Magister militum
1324:Byzantine Empire
1245:
1244:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1093:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
999:
993:
986:
980:
979:
951:
945:
938:
932:
931:Vol. 17, pp 5–26
925:
919:
918:
912:
904:
880:
870:
864:
857:
851:
844:
838:
837:
829:
820:
819:
811:
800:
790:
784:
783:
761:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
727:
721:
716:
710:
703:
697:
690:
684:
679:is discussed at
673:
642:
637:
636:
635:
441:and then by the
410:veteran colonies
237:
234:
229:Gregory of Tours
225:Gaulish language
110:
21:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6219:UKUSA Agreement
6159:Lublin Triangle
6044:Baltic Assembly
5996:
5990:
5908:
5745:
5580:
5450:Eurolinguistics
5319:
5308:Information age
5281:Interwar period
5148:
5068:
5059:
5029:
5024:
5020:Monoculturalism
4951:
4940:De-sinicisation
4913:De-nazification
4889:Opposite trends
4880:
4852:
4826:
4708:Sanskritisation
4673:Romanianisation
4639:Pakistanisation
4578:
4514:Hispanicisation
4504:Hawaiianisation
4460:Europeanisation
4455:Estonianisation
4410:Canadianisation
4317:Americanisation
4298:
4293:
4263:
4258:
4240:
4202:
3483:
3445:
3407:Gothic alphabet
3299:Norse mythology
3235:
3189:
3172:
3167:
3137:
3132:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2876:
2712:AĂ«tius of Amida
2693:
2679:Verrius Flaccus
2659:Valerius Antias
2619:Silius Italicus
2554:Pliny the Elder
2499:Marcus Aurelius
2374:Cornelius Nepos
2324:Aurelius Victor
2278:
2200:
2112:
2046:Secessio plebis
2017:
1892:
1844:
1718:
1672:
1602:
1484:
1436:
1352:
1273:
1234:
1216:
1210:
1135:
1133:Further reading
1090:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1005:Vol. 17, pp. 13
1000:
996:
987:
983:
968:10.2307/1086829
952:
948:
939:
935:
926:
922:
906:
905:
901:
871:
867:
858:
854:
845:
841:
830:
823:
812:
803:
791:
787:
776:
762:
755:
750:
746:
741:
737:
728:
724:
717:
713:
704:
700:
696:, 2004, p. 130.
691:
687:
674:
670:
666:
638:
633:
631:
628:
601:
584:
558:Semitic peoples
525:The regions of
523:
521:De-Romanization
515:Theodor Mommsen
379:
373:
260:
235:
116:
108:
101:
99:Characteristics
42:
39:Romanianization
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6293:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6249:Westernization
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6229:Visegrád Group
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6169:Nordic Council
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6064:Bucharest Nine
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6029:Arctic Council
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5639:Existentialism
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5329:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5172:Late antiquity
5164:
5158:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5010:Language shift
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4898:
4896:De-arabisation
4892:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4825:
4824:
4822:Zairianisation
4819:
4814:
4812:Westernisation
4809:
4807:Vietnamisation
4804:
4799:
4794:
4792:Turkmenisation
4789:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Talibanisation
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4715:
4713:Serbianisation
4710:
4705:
4703:Saffronisation
4700:
4699:
4698:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4656:Persianisation
4653:
4652:
4651:
4644:Pashtunisation
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:Lithuanisation
4600:
4598:Latvianization
4595:
4590:
4585:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4564:Japanification
4556:
4554:Italianisation
4551:
4550:
4549:
4539:
4534:
4532:Indigenisation
4529:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Georgification
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4465:Westernisation
4457:
4452:
4450:Dutchification
4447:
4442:
4440:Cypriotisation
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4400:Bosniakisation
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4376:Belarusisation
4373:
4371:Araucanisation
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4307:Africanisation
4303:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3865:Thracian Goths
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:Roman Iron Age
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Pomponius Mela
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Aelius Donatus
2295:
2293:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:Ecclesiastical
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:Toys and games
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Vigintisexviri
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:Cursus honorum
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1307:Western Empire
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1151:(2): 269–285.
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1094:
1088:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1050:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
981:
962:(4): 139–146.
946:
933:
920:
899:
865:
852:
839:
821:
801:
785:
774:
753:
744:
735:
722:
711:
698:
685:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
644:
643:
627:
624:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
600:
597:
596:
595:
590:
583:
580:
572:language shift
535:Arab conquests
522:
519:
439:Roman Republic
375:Main article:
372:
369:
361:
360:
350:
320:
314:
282:colonies. The
264:archaeologists
259:
256:
149:Roman coloniae
142:Roman province
107:
100:
97:
75:and the later
73:Roman Republic
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6292:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:PROSUR/PROSUL
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6089:Craiova Group
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:ABCANZ Armies
6002:
6001:
5999:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5809:Protestantism
5807:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Sovereigntism
5727:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5624:Scholasticism
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5314:
5313:War on terror
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5206:Modern period
5204:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5062:Western world
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:Globalisation
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Korenizatsiia
4921:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Cyrillisation
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:Ukrainisation
4795:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4780:Turkification
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Taiwanisation
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Swedification
4753:
4751:
4750:Swahilisation
4748:
4746:
4745:Sovietisation
4743:
4741:
4740:Slovakisation
4738:
4736:
4735:Slavicisation
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Sinhalisation
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4691:Russification
4689:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Mongolisation
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4608:Magyarisation
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Kurdification
4591:
4589:
4588:Koreanisation
4586:
4582:
4577:
4576:Kazakhisation
4574:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4542:Israelisation
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:Indianisation
4518:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:Hellenisation
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Germanisation
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Gaelicisation
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:Finnicisation
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Chilenisation
4418:
4416:
4415:Celticisation
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Bulgarisation
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:Bengalisation
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Anglicisation
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4255:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Crimean Goths
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3803:Salian Franks
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3241:Early culture
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Julius Paulus
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Fabius Pictor
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Amphitheatres
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Deforestation
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Siege engines
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Establishment
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:Extraordinary
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Promagistrate
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Twelve Tables
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:Interpretatio
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
916:
910:
902:
900:9780511482977
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
878:
869:
862:
856:
849:
843:
835:
828:
826:
817:
810:
808:
806:
798:
795:, book I, 32
794:
789:
782:
777:
771:
767:
760:
758:
748:
739:
732:
726:
720:
715:
708:
702:
695:
689:
682:
678:
672:
668:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
630:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
548:and into the
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
518:
516:
512:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:Ancient Egypt
462:
460:
456:
451:
450:Indo-European
446:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
424:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:lingua franca
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
378:
368:
366:
358:
354:
351:
349:are evidence.
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Acculturation
321:
318:
315:
311:
308:
307:
306:
304:
303:Roman culture
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:
179:
175:
171:
170:Julius Caesar
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
133:
131:
127:
122:
121:Acculturation
114:
105:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:ancient Roman
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:acculturation
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
6239:Western Bloc
6039:AUSCANNZUKUS
5995:Contemporary
5944:Human rights
5790:Latin Church
5764:Christianity
5714:
5673:Conservatism
5518:contemporary
5355:Architecture
5291:World War II
5251:Emancipation
5246:Abolitionism
5134:Romanization
5133:
5129:Roman legacy
5110:Roman Empire
4944:
4928:Latinisation
4874:Soviet Union
4848:Islamisation
4817:Wolofisation
4802:Uzbekisation
4775:Thaification
4770:Tamilisation
4723:Sinicisation
4678:Romanisation
4677:
4668:Polonisation
4619:Malayisation
4571:Javanisation
4559:Japanisation
4537:Indonesation
4477:Francisation
4445:Czechisation
4435:Croatisation
4430:Creolisation
4312:Albanisation
3534:Anglo-Saxons
3524:Adrabaecampi
3507:Bucinobantes
3249:Architecture
3068:Institutions
2932:Leptis Magna
2885:Major cities
2792:Philostratus
2579:Quadrigarius
2399:Rufus Festus
2262:Contemporary
1983:Romanization
1982:
1906:Architecture
1513:Collegiality
1362:Constitution
1213:Ancient Rome
1148:
1144:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1079:
1053:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1002:
997:
989:
984:
959:
955:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
876:
868:
860:
855:
847:
842:
833:
815:
796:
793:Hist. Franc.
792:
788:
779:
765:
747:
738:
730:
725:
714:
709:1999, p. 43.
706:
701:
693:
688:
676:
671:
658:Latin rights
574:to and from
562:
524:
507:
487:
463:
447:
443:Roman Empire
436:
428:public baths
425:
418:
388:
362:
353:Creolization
352:
322:
316:
309:
296:
283:
261:
251:
244:Vulgar Latin
220:
205:
188:
182:
167:
162:
146:
138:ethnogenesis
134:
119:
113:Roman Empire
77:Roman Empire
69:assimilation
57:Latinisation
56:
53:Romanisation
52:
49:Latinization
48:
45:Romanization
44:
43:
6179:Open Balkan
5997:integration
5927:Rule of law
5922:Natural law
5899:Agnosticism
5877:Hellenistic
5855:Anglo-Saxon
5785:Catholicism
5724:Atlanticism
5629:Rationalism
5435:Immigration
5418:Esotericism
5276:World War I
5241:Romanticism
5221:Reformation
5201:Renaissance
5179:Middle Ages
5144:Christendom
5073:Foundations
5015:Melting pot
4843:Judaisation
4579: [
4344:Arabisation
3974:Nahanarvali
3897:Hilleviones
3810:Frisiavones
3678:Cananefates
3668:Burgundians
3579:Banochaemae
3429:Anglo-Saxon
3380:Anglo-Saxon
3346:Anglo-Saxon
3329:Anglo-Saxon
3312:Anglo-Saxon
3063:Geographers
2747:Dioscorides
2727:Cassius Dio
2349:Cassiodorus
2252:Renaissance
1858:Agriculture
1830:Auxiliaries
1771:Engineering
1608:Magistrates
1460:Citizenship
1455:Mos maiorum
1390:Late Empire
531:Mesopotamia
474:the Balkans
455:Phoenicians
390:Roman names
365:Catholicism
357:egalitarian
299:imperialism
250:(including
174:Mark Antony
65:integration
6264:Categories
6199:Rio Treaty
5710:Relativism
5668:Liberalism
5634:Empiricism
5586:Philosophy
5574:Secularism
5525:Philosophy
5462:Literature
5256:Capitalism
4785:placenames
4525:placenames
4393:placenames
4322:immigrants
4193:Vinoviloth
3981:Marcomanni
3964:Helveconae
3942:HeaĂ°obards
3912:Istvaeones
3902:Ingaevones
3887:Hermunduri
3855:Ostrogoths
3845:Greuthungi
3723:Chattuarii
3549:Angrivarii
3544:Ampsivarii
3512:Lentienses
3341:Literature
3231:Viking Age
2952:Mediolanum
2892:Alexandria
2857:Themistius
2822:Porphyrius
2649:Tertullian
2584:Quintilian
2574:Propertius
2469:Lactantius
2419:Fulgentius
2354:Censorinus
2176:Sanitation
2161:Metallurgy
2118:Technology
2083:Demography
2031:Patricians
1998:Spectacles
1956:Literature
1951:Hairstyles
1788:Technology
1538:Praefectus
1490:Government
1480:Litigation
1465:Auctoritas
1410:Centuriate
1297:Principate
1292:Pax Romana
1252:Foundation
1069:References
546:Caliphates
343:Dolichenus
236: 560
126:Mauretania
111: The
93:barbarians
89:civilizing
6144:Five Eyes
6139:EU–UK TCA
5981:Democracy
5870:Old Norse
5759:Abrahamic
5716:Peritrope
5698:Tolerance
5678:Socialism
5508:Mythology
5496:Classical
5445:Languages
5423:Astrology
5271:Modernism
5085:Old World
4661:societies
4349:Armenians
4188:Vidivarii
4183:Victohali
4173:Vangiones
4106:Thuringii
4011:Nuithones
3907:Irminones
3870:Visigoths
3860:Thervingi
3820:Gambrivii
3773:Dulgubnii
3768:Dauciones
3718:Chasuarii
3658:Brondings
3584:Bastarnae
3574:Baiuvarii
3554:Armalausi
3517:Raetovari
3451:Languages
3419:Symbology
3279:Folklore
3274:Festivals
3108:Quaestors
3038:Empresses
3028:Dynasties
3018:Dictators
2993:and other
2982:Volubilis
2977:Vindobona
2937:Londinium
2862:Theodoret
2832:Procopius
2812:Polyaenus
2787:Pausanias
2689:Vitruvius
2634:Symmachus
2629:Suetonius
2539:Petronius
2524:Obsequens
2489:Macrobius
2484:Lucretius
2409:Frontinus
2384:Eutropius
2369:Columella
2319:Augustine
2309:Appuleius
2257:Neo-Latin
2232:Classical
2223:Versions
2131:Aqueducts
2073:Patronage
1993:Sexuality
1966:Mythology
1941:Education
1931:Cosmetics
1756:Campaigns
1751:Structure
1704:Decemviri
1563:Imperator
1262:overthrow
1104:287–345 (
1045:Lithuania
909:cite book
648:Romanitas
482:Palestine
432:gladiator
421:Roman law
345:into the
339:Britannia
327:Classical
193:Vercellae
6204:Schengen
6134:Eurozone
5974:Property
5969:Religion
5860:Frankish
5850:Germanic
5830:Paganism
5751:Religion
5739:European
5651:Humanism
5554:Religion
5513:Painting
5479:Internet
5430:Folklore
5401:Clothing
5372:Calendar
5348:Cyrillic
5333:Alphabet
5296:Cold War
4482:Brussels
4254:Category
4161:Hasdingi
4146:Usipetes
4126:Tubantes
4111:Toxandri
4091:Tencteri
4066:Suarines
4051:Sicambri
4046:Semnones
4026:Reudigni
3996:Mattiaci
3986:Marsacii
3937:Lombards
3927:Lacringi
3922:Juthungi
3753:Corconti
3738:Cherusci
3713:Charudes
3693:Chaedini
3663:Bructeri
3648:Bateinoi
3619:Eburones
3614:Condrusi
3609:Caeroesi
3604:Atuatuci
3539:Ambrones
3502:Brisgavi
3497:Alemanni
3375:Paganism
3264:Clothing
3259:Calendar
3206:Germania
3113:Tribunes
3103:Praetors
3053:Generals
3033:Emperors
2942:Lugdunum
2927:Eboracum
2917:Carthage
2902:Aquileia
2817:Polybius
2807:Plutarch
2777:Libanius
2767:Josephus
2762:Herodian
2654:Tibullus
2569:Priscian
2544:Phaedrus
2504:Manilius
2449:Jordanes
2434:Hydatius
2364:Claudian
2344:Catullus
2334:Boëthius
2329:Ausonius
2247:Medieval
2219:Alphabet
2191:Theatres
2166:Numerals
2151:Concrete
2141:Circuses
2108:Bagaudae
2098:Adoption
2093:Marriage
2066:Assembly
1971:Religion
1946:Folklore
1926:Clothing
1921:Calendar
1878:Currency
1868:Commerce
1766:Strategy
1728:Military
1714:Triumvir
1694:Dictator
1689:Interrex
1668:Governor
1653:Quaestor
1616:Ordinary
1598:Province
1588:Tetrarch
1578:Augustus
1543:Vicarius
1533:Officium
1470:Imperium
1420:Plebeian
1380:Republic
1302:Dominate
1269:Republic
1230:Timeline
1175:20925081
1078:(2003).
719:Coloniae
681:paganism
626:See also
599:Heritage
582:Examples
539:Rashidun
503:Dalmatia
470:Anatolia
457:and the
398:Iberians
347:pantheon
284:coloniae
240:Auvergne
209:Albanian
199:) after
178:Augustus
6049:Benelux
5954:Thought
5904:Atheism
5845:Finnish
5821:Culture
5816:Judaism
5778:Eastern
5774:Western
5769:Culture
5703:Paradox
5569:Decline
5530:Science
5406:History
5394:Studies
5377:Cuisine
5365:Periods
5325:Culture
5154:History
5120:Eastern
5115:Western
5066:culture
4933:Ukraine
4696:Finland
4354:Berbers
4178:Varisci
4166:Silingi
4156:Vandals
4131:Tulingi
4121:Triboci
4116:Treveri
4096:Teutons
4086:Taifals
4061:Sitones
4001:Nemetes
3959:Helisii
3932:Lemovii
3850:Gutones
3783:Firaesi
3778:Favonae
3758:Cugerni
3748:Cobandi
3703:Chamavi
3698:Chaemae
3688:Casuari
3683:Caritni
3653:Betasii
3624:Paemani
3559:Auiones
3424:Warfare
3402:Scripts
3370:Numbers
3194:History
3083:Legions
3043:Fiction
3013:Consuls
3008:Climate
2962:Ravenna
2957:Pompeii
2947:Lutetia
2912:Bononia
2907:Berytus
2897:Antioch
2872:Zosimus
2867:Zonaras
2842:Sozomen
2827:Priscus
2802:Photius
2644:Terence
2639:Tacitus
2624:Statius
2609:Servius
2594:Sallust
2549:Plautus
2529:Orosius
2509:Martial
2464:Juvenal
2439:Hyginus
2424:Gellius
2283:Writers
2214:History
2196:Thermae
2186:Temples
2136:Bridges
2103:Slavery
2051:Equites
2023:Society
2003:Theatre
1976:Deities
1936:Cuisine
1916:Bathing
1898:Culture
1873:Finance
1850:Economy
1741:Borders
1736:History
1638:Tribune
1633:Praetor
1523:Legatus
1518:Emperor
1405:Curiate
1375:Kingdom
1370:History
1346:History
1329:decline
1287:History
1257:Kingdom
1240:History
1225:Outline
1166:3097515
976:1086829
956:Phoenix
543:Umayyad
537:of the
490:Britain
414:Berytus
280:veteran
272:Britain
258:Process
248:calques
85:Fascist
6069:CANZUK
5959:Speech
5887:Slavic
5865:Gothic
5840:Celtic
5835:Baltic
5734:Values
5535:Values
5095:Greece
4359:Blacks
4198:Warini
4151:Vagoth
4136:Tungri
4101:Thelir
4081:Swedes
4076:Sunici
4041:Saxons
4036:Rugini
3969:Manimi
3954:Diduni
3892:Heruli
3830:Gepids
3815:Frisii
3793:Franks
3743:Cimbri
3733:Chauci
3728:Chatti
3641:Nervii
3636:Morini
3594:Belgae
3589:Batavi
3564:Avarpi
3529:Angles
3489:Groups
3439:Viking
3385:Gothic
3363:Gothic
3269:Family
3093:Nomina
3078:Legacy
3058:Gentes
2995:topics
2991:Lists
2972:Smyrna
2852:Strabo
2782:Lucian
2772:Julian
2722:Arrian
2717:Appian
2707:Aelian
2684:Vergil
2459:Justin
2444:Jerome
2429:Horace
2414:Fronto
2404:Florus
2379:Ennius
2359:Cicero
2339:Caesar
2237:Vulgar
2061:Tribes
1988:Romans
1798:Legion
1781:castra
1658:Aedile
1628:Censor
1623:Consul
1583:Caesar
1553:Lictor
1475:Status
1415:Tribal
1395:Senate
1385:Empire
1279:Empire
1215:topics
1173:
1163:
1106:online
1086:
1041:Poland
974:
897:
885:–289.
818:: 106.
772:
677:pagani
576:Slavic
527:Levant
488:While
480:, and
459:Greeks
371:Legacy
217:Berber
213:Basque
153:Trajan
109:
6224:USMCA
6079:CEFTA
6034:AUKUS
6024:ANZUS
6019:ANZUK
5964:Press
5882:Roman
5547:Sport
5491:Chant
5486:Music
5474:Media
5467:Canon
5413:Dance
5343:Latin
5338:Greek
5184:early
4728:Tibet
4684:names
4583:]
4547:names
4332:names
4071:Suebi
4056:Sciri
4031:Rugii
4021:Quadi
4006:Njars
3991:Marsi
3949:Lugii
3917:Jutes
3882:Harii
3877:Gutes
3835:Goths
3825:Geats
3763:Danes
3708:Chali
3629:Segni
3569:Baemi
3412:Runes
3397:Rings
3390:Norse
3358:Names
3351:Norse
3334:Norse
3317:Norse
2757:Galen
2699:Greek
2669:Varro
2479:Lucan
2291:Latin
2206:Latin
2181:Ships
2171:Roads
2156:Domes
2088:Women
2036:Plebs
1961:Music
1503:Forum
1498:Curia
972:JSTOR
664:Notes
568:Slavs
554:Roman
478:Syria
412:like
402:Greek
394:Gauls
335:Epona
288:Latin
221:after
157:Latin
6184:OSCE
6164:NATO
6109:EFTA
6074:CBSS
6059:BSEC
5949:Life
5501:Folk
5382:Diet
5194:late
5189:high
5105:Rome
5064:and
4381:soft
4364:Jews
4141:Ubii
3788:Fosi
3673:Buri
3073:Laws
3048:Film
2967:Roma
2534:Ovid
2474:Livy
2242:Late
2056:Gens
2013:Wine
1825:Navy
1793:Army
1432:SPQR
1334:fall
1312:fall
1171:PMID
1084:ISBN
1048:form
915:link
895:ISBN
770:ISBN
541:and
529:and
499:Gaul
396:and
341:and
331:Isis
276:Gaul
274:and
215:and
201:Zela
176:and
130:Gaul
95:".
67:and
6174:OAS
6119:ESA
6114:EPC
6104:EEA
6009:AER
5914:Law
5892:Neo
5440:Law
5360:Art
4016:Osi
3324:Law
3254:Art
3181:of
2227:Old
1911:Art
1684:Rex
1528:Dux
1442:Law
1161:PMC
1153:doi
1149:144
964:doi
887:doi
883:279
252:oui
128:to
91:of
55:or
47:or
6266::
6149:G7
6124:EU
4581:ru
1169:.
1159:.
1147:.
1143:.
1108:)
1100:,
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958:.
911:}}
907:{{
893:.
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804:^
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756:^
578:.
560:.
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497:,
476:,
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333:,
233:c.
211:,
172:,
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1177:.
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1102:6
1092:.
1061:.
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