1038:, the Malayan premier, had never been very keen on the proposal, as he was concerned that Singapore's majority Chinese population would outnumber the number of Malays and would hence dominate the political scene. Hence, many PAP members and the public were shocked that the Tunku had announced that he was favourable to merger in May 1961, and that Lee and Goh had secretly been in discussions with him since April. The public seemed to view the Tunku's agreement to merger with suspicion: on the surface, it appeared that the circumstances had not changed, yet the Tunku had changed his mind. The Anson by-election became a test of public sentiment towards the PAP - and they failed it, losing the seat to David Marshall in July.
718:
1004:
1115:
1303:. After the war, the British became more paternalistic towards labour issues, resisting collective bargaining and seeking to depoliticise the labour movement. Without an avenue to seek redress, workers, who were often exploited and underpaid, had little choice but to fight back through more extreme methods. Lim was arrested and detained on the charge that he masterminded the riots, although the speech he made might not even have been inflammatory.
641:
school education. As with most of his cohort who had to stop school because of the war, he graduated only at the age of 15. As there were no secondary schools in
Pontian at the time, Lim's parents had to first get Lim to work temporarily as a shop assistant, and also to get Lim's brother, Lim Chin Kiat, to stop his schooling. He was then able to afford to continue his studies in Singapore at
879:
people, mainly from
Chinese middle schools. As public anger became so strong over the arrests, Lim Chin Siong and others launched a Civil Rights Convention, which was Singapore's first civil rights movement. This alarmed the British and Lim Yew Hock, as the Convention was supported by locals of all backgrounds and ideologies at the time and was on the verge of becoming a real force.
830:
culpable, and in a long speech during the debate said that the riots could only have been incited because of the way the workers were treated, and that it was not possible to fight both the colonial masters and communists at the same time. Ultimately, the
Legislative Assembly voted overwhelmingly for the temporary closure of two Chinese-medium schools, The Chinese High School and
1073:
686:), Lim organised a successful boycott of the Chinese junior middle school examinations in 1951. The examinations were deemed pointless as it was primarily meant for students who wanted to further their studies in China, even though all universities were closed to Malayans since the People's Republic of China was established. This attracted the attention of the
854:
aligned in its objective to seek full self-government, and that it was "like a circus". Knowing that
Marshall had made an enormous gamble by placing his job on the line in the case the talks failed, his political rivals - particularly from the PAP and the Labour Party - seemed to have given up on helping Marshall achieve his objective.
1286:"To brand someone as communist at that stage was the best and most convenient way to put him in jail... Of course, my brief period of association with the Anti-British League had become a "useful pretext" to brand me as a communist. But was it my mistake or the mistake of history that I had become a member of the ABL at that time?"
2199:
967:
non-communist Malaya". Reflecting on the document in his manuscript, Lim Chin Siong said that although he agreed with the contents in the statement, he felt he signed the document "under duress", and that it set a precedent whereby all political prisoners had to sign written statements prior to their release.
1222:. They married in 1970, and had two sons, Lim Zi Kuan and Lim Ziyi. In England, he worked odd jobs (at one point selling fruits in London), and also tried to nurse himself back to health. However, his condition remained fragile. In 1980, he suffered a heart attack and underwent a bypass operation in 1982.
703:
branch, and also became secretary in the Malaya
Spinning Workers' Union. In 1954, leaders of the newly formed union, the Singapore Factory and Shop Workers' Union (SFSWU), were impressed by his abilities and invited him to the post of secretary-general. Within a year, the membership of the SFSWU grew
640:
After the war in 1945, Lim and his family returned to their house only to realise that it had been razed to the ground. Lim's father leased a new plot of land in
Kampong Rambah, where he built a new house and restarted his provision shop business. Lim then returned to Pei Chun to complete his primary
949:
There are contrasting views to what Lim Chin Siong was trying to achieve during that speech. The view was that Lim Chin Siong was a brilliant orator trying to create a "psychological climate" in which the audience would "go out and take action of their own volition". Another perspective was that Lim
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The
Barisan demanded that general elections be held for a clear mandate on merger. Instead of general elections, however, the PAP committed themselves to a national referendum for merger. However, rather than a simple yes-no referendum, the PAP developed a referendum with all three choices agreeing
857:
Marshall's key desire was for the
British to hand over the control of internal security to the Singapore government. Lim supported this proposal and made his stand clear during the talks, but the British were concerned that Marshall was too soft and emotional to control the "communist" influence as
1380:
critic, Corrie Tan noted that "the musical's designated anti-hero, Lim Chin Siong, is thankfully not relegated to the ranks of villainy and one-note declarations... the charismatic left-wing leader, with his compelling oratory and rapport with the common man ". During the musical's run, actor Chow
1058:
Lee interpreted the meeting as one between "British lions and
Communist bears", and also as an act of party disobedience. He dramatically tabled a motion of confidence in the government. 13 PAP assembly members abstained from the vote, and were expelled. Around two thirds of the party membership -
1193:
The detainees were treated badly. Initially, men were kept in solitary confinement, had no access to the toilet, and were forced to stay in a barren cell except for a small lightbulb on the ceiling and a chamber pot. Detainees were only allowed access to a lawyer more than a month after they were
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on 6 December 1962 would change the
British's minds. Azahari was a leading Bruneian leftist who would eventually be accused of masterminding a rebellion in Brunei two days later. After that meeting, the British approved the swoop, and within a day the Internal Security Council approved a round of
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members and supporters. However, key British figures felt there was none, and believed that the left was behaving constitutionally, and commanded wide popular legitimacy. Yet, the Tunku viewed the Barisan as a communist problem that had to be solved before merger, and Lee was keen on ensuring his
1134:
announced that the Barisan proposal would make "nearly half of the present citizens" lose their voting rights. The PAP also ruled the radio airwaves - Lee Kuan Yew gave 12 talks on radio on "the battle for merger", putting his case across and attacking the Barisan for being "communists". However,
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Although Ong's 16 Resolutions originated from the left-wing faction led by Lim Chin Siong, that faction had only reluctantly asked the PAP leadership to clarify its position on them, as they still thought that the party with Lee Kuan Yew at the helm was a better alternative than Ong. However, Lee
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was ruthless and was keen to show the British that he could control any disruptive influences in Singapore. On 18 September 1956, Lim Yew Hock used the Preservation of Public Security Ordinance (PPSO), which allowed him extraordinary police powers, to dissolve seven organisations and detain seven
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Although Lim was forced to step down from the PAP central executive committee, he was still part of the PAP delegation in the all-party constitutional conference in London in April 1956. In his manuscripts that were published only posthumously, Lim remembered that the all-party delegation was not
59:
1138:
Frustrated at how the Barisan's proposal had been misrepresented, Lim called for his supporters to cast blank or spoilt votes during the referendum. However, the PAP was quick in amending the referendum rules at the last minute: it ensured that blank votes would be treated as 'undecided' and the
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In early 1958, Lim Chin Siong was transferred to the Medium Security Prison as well. It was in the prison where Lim Chin Siong was asked to endorse a document called "The Ends and Means of Malayan Socialism", which indicated that the detainees were committed to a "free, democratic, socialist and
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The first of many controversies in which Lim was implicated was the Hock Lee Bus Company riots, which started in April 1955 and ended on 12 May 1955 with four dead, including Chong Lon Chong, a 16-year-old student who was paraded by the rioters for three hours on a stretcher after getting shot.
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The Special Branch would keep Lim under close watch even after his release and expulsion from school. He tried to learn some English at the Eastaff English School, and then worked as a part-time teacher, but under the name of "Mr Yu". Between 1953 and 1954, Lim then became more involved in the
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Eventually, Lim gave up the struggle in prison and requested to be released. On 21 July 1969, Lim wrote two letters: one addressed to Lee Kuan Yew, and one to Lee Siew Choh. In those letters, Lim stated that he had "completely lost confidence in the international communist movement", and that
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meeting on 30 September 1962 that even having been defeated by the PAP in the referendum that they agreed to keep using "peaceful constitutional processes" to win elections. His arrest in February 1963, if legitimate, contradicts his personal accounts and the archived records of the British.
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Lim was concerned that, despite the tide increasingly swinging towards him in the political battle, the British might not be keen on a "radical" wing of the PAP taking over the government. To settle this issue, Lim and his colleagues met with the British High Commissioner for Southeast Asia,
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that the PAP "purge themselves of the communists", whom he placed at fault for the riots. Lim refrained from commenting at length during the debate, except to state that he would not support the view that was put forth by the British. Lee Kuan Yew also did not state outright that Lim was not
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Lim Chin Siong was placed under solitary confinement for close to a year, away from his other PAP colleagues, as they were placed in the Medium Security Prison instead. The number of PAP members imprisoned rose in August 1957, when PAP members from the trade unions (viewed as "communist or
1237:
Lim's achievements include co-founding the PAP, galvanising the trade unions against colonialism, and predicting correctly that the marriage of Malaya and Singapore as a single country would be short-lived. Yet, these achievements have generally been overshadowed by the allegations that:
1189:"You are detained for years, until such a time that you are willing to humiliate your own integrity. Until you are humiliated publicly. So much so, when you come out, you cannot put your head up, you cannot see your friends. Alright, then they may release you. It is a very cruel torture."
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There are many contradictions based on historical accounts. The British government in the 1950s had classified Lim as a "communist" in their documents, which have now been declassified. Although Lim claimed that he had not known the Anti-British League he joined had communist ties, the
963:(CEC). The "moderate" CEC members, including Lee Kuan Yew, Toh Chin Chye and others, refused to take their appointments in the CEC. Lim Yew Hock's government again made a sweeping round of arrests, imprisoning all the "communist" members, before the "moderates" re-assumed their office.
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by the British was launched in 1954, and allowed up to 25 members to be elected to the Legislative Assembly. Lim was one of four PAP candidates selected to contest in the 1955 election. James Puthucheary, in charge of the publicity for the PAP during the elections, remarked that Lim
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In the early hours of 2 February 1963, Operation Coldstore was carried out. In the end, 113 detainees were arrested, with the rest managing to escape. Lee offered Lim permission to leave Singapore if he wanted to, but he chose to stay to face another incarceration without trial.
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arrests. The operation was given the codename "Coldstore". However, the operation was delayed by almost two months as Lee and the Tunku negotiated over the list of people to be arrested. A list of 169 people was eventually finalised, with Lim's name at the top of the list.
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Lim and the Barisan stated that such a merger proposal was giving away the rights of Singaporeans to the Federation, instead of trying to preserve them. They were not against merger, but wanted Singapore to enter the federation as equals to other states, such as Penang.
1267:, the deputy high commissioner in Singapore, stated in confidential correspondence in September 1961 that Lim "was a really clever United Front Communist operator". The PAP had also labelled Lim and his faction as "communist". Official records of a meeting between
1686:
1015:, the former Mayor of the City Council, presented a set of "16 Resolutions" to revisit some issues previously explored by Lim Chin Siong's faction of the PAP: abolishing the PPSO, revising the Constitution, and changing the method of selecting cadre members.
814:, and now the leader of the Bus Workers' Union and a PAP member, was quoted in the Chinese newspapers that "there was bound to be bloodshed in a revolution". Students from the Chinese-medium schools also joined the strikes in droves to provide moral support.
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Under such conditions, Lim's health deteriorated. He suffered from depression and high blood pressure. The doctor prescribed medication to keep his blood pressure under control, but it seemed to make him more depressed. Eventually, he had to be moved to the
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With most of the PAP members labelled "communist" in prison, the British assessed that the concerns of internal security had been successfully allayed. Furthermore, the subsequent all-party delegations (in 1957 and 1958) accepted most of the conditions that
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Lim never personally recounted in detail his detention experience. The detention lasted six years, even longer than his previous term when he was arrested under Lim Yew Hock's government. It was clear, however, that this detention broke him mentally:
995:. The PAP central executive committee rules had by then been changed such that only "cadre" members appointed by the party executive could participate in committee elections, ensuring that there would not be a takeover similar to the one in 1957.
765:"There were 40,000 people, each mesmerised by Lim Chin Siong's oratory. 'The British say you cannot stand on your own two feet,' he jeered. 'Show them how you can stand!' And 40,000 people leapt up—shining with sweat, fists in the air—shouting,
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In one of his last interviews, Lim also said that between 1961 and 1963, he was responsible for "restraining the situation" to ensure that there was no violence following the referendum on merger. It was also noted in the minutes of a
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The PAP won convincingly, with 43 out of the 51 seats at the polls. With this victory, Lim Chin Siong and his fellow PAP colleagues who were imprisoned were released on 4 June 1959, just a few days after a hastily held CEC elections.
749:(PAP). Even though Lim was a co-founder of the party, he declined to be on stage during the inauguration of the PAP in November 1954 as he felt his previous police record might be exploited by their rivals and jeopardise the party.
665:; and the ill treatment of students, particularly of Chinese descent, in Singapore. These were factors which influenced Lim to join the Anti-British League (ABL), an anti-colonial organisation that received instructions from the
1198:, who conducted an investigation into the conditions of the detention, said that conditions were "radically worse than conditions imposed in the past" by the British colonial government or any previous Singaporean government".
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in Singapore to be elected. However, Lim's political career was cut short by two detentions without trial after being labelled a communist. The first time was between 1956 and 1959 when he was arrested and detained by the
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Lim and the Barisan were horrified: under the terms, Singapore residents would effectively become second-class citizens in Malaysia. For the price of having autonomy in labour and education matters, Singapore would:
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1828:
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withdrew a S$ 8,000 publishing grant as it found that "the retelling of Singapore's history in the graphic novel potentially undermines the authority of legitimacy of the Government and its public institutions".
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CO 1030/986 no 959 18 October 1961 Singapore and merger: letter from P B C Moore to W I J Wallace, assessing the PAP's attitude to 'Greater Malaysia' and the prospect of the Barisan overthrowing Lee's government
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took the stance taken by the left-wing PAP members as a lack of confidence in his leadership. This issue caused a rift between the "moderate" PAP members (led by Lee) and the "left-wing" faction (led by Lim).
628:. His family, which used to run a provision shop, were forced to flee to the jungle with their town folks. His family, however, was resourceful. They cleared a piece of land to plant rice and build a wooden
909:, and escalated into an island-wide riot, with 13 deaths. After the riots, Lim Chin Siong and close to 300 others were arrested, apparently because Lim Chin Siong had incited the audience in his speech to "
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DO 169/18 no 11 17 March 1961 The outlook in Singapore for the next twelve months: report (DCC(FE)61/90) by the Joint Intelligence Committee (Far East) for the British Defence Coordinating Committee (Far
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in 1955. Lim was the youngest Assemblyman ever to be elected in Singapore's history, at the age of 22. Lim seemed to be an extremely promising politician, even in the eyes of Lee Kuan Yew. Chief Minister
1118:
An example of the referendum ballot paper used during the election. All three choices for the referendum were for merger, but in different forms. The Barisan's option was distorted and called Option B.
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Apart from the letters he wrote upon his release in 1969, Lim had also denied consistently that he was a communist. He did so for the last time in 1995, in the final interview he gave before he died:
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The British had earlier tabled a proposition to merge the Malaya, Singapore, and North Borneo territories into a single sovereign country, calling it "the Grand Design". However,
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could be seen from the riots of the last year, and rejected it. Knowing Marshall's gambit, the British had already begun to look to other leaders in the delegation, particularly
1805:
Thum, Ping Tjin (November 2013). "'The Fundamental Issue is Anti-colonialism, Not Merger': Singapore's "Progressive Left", Operation Coldstore, and the Creation of Malaysia".
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Lee Kuan Yew had made a secret alliance with the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), yet the CPM could not secure the voter base needed to win in the 1961 Hong Lim by-election.
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had only happened two years ago in 1937, while Lim also recalled in a manuscript that was published posthumously that his father's only brother, heeding the philanthropist
890:
to an angry audience, urging them to calm down and that their enemy was not the police, but Lim Yew Hock and the colonial masters. Among those who attended the rally were
946:". This is wrong. We want to ask them to cooperate with us because they are also wage-earners and so that in the time of crisis they will take their guns and run away."
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and Lee Kuan Yew, whom they thought they could work with better. After three weeks, the talks failed and Marshall resigned, handing over the office of Chief Minister to
2344:
1130:
The PAP endorsed Option A in the referendum, and announced that the Barisan's option was B. However, Option B was deliberately misrepresented: in a radio forum,
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Hock Lee workers were on strike on 27 April 1955 when the police used force on them, injuring 15 people. In response, Fong Swee Suan, Lim's former classmate at
1271:, Lim and Fong Swee Suan also stated that when Lim and Fong were asked if they were communists, they "failed to give a clear answer". However, accounts from
2371:
481:(PAP), which has governed the country continuously since independence. Lim also used his popularity to galvanise many trade unions in support of the PAP.
657:, then the premier Chinese medium school in Singapore. Lim was by then 17 years old, and distracted in his studies by numerous events: the victory of the
1615:
Chin, C. C. (2008). "The United Front Strategy of the Malayan Communist Party in Singapore, 1950s - 1960s". In Barr, Michael D.; Trocki, Carl A. (eds.).
1210:"communism is not as ideal as what we think it is". In the letter, Lim also resigned from the Barisan Sosialis, marking an end to his political career.
1142:
On Referendum Day, 1 September 1962, 71.1% of voters chose Option A, while 25.6% cast blank votes. Lim and the Barisan had lost the battle for merger.
497:
and detained by the PAP government. After attempting suicide in prison, he was released in 1969 on the condition that he forever renounced politics.
1051:, to understand if the British would continue to work with the government, even if it was not the PAP. The meeting was held at Selkirk's residence,
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Lim did well enough in his first semester at Catholic High School that, together with an appeal from his father, he was able in 1950 to transfer to
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1544:
2462:
2467:
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1048:
1717:
1408:
To distinguish between Lim Chin Siong and Lim Yew Hock who share the same surname, in this section they are referred to by their full names.
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as chairman. Meanwhile, details on the terms of merger with Malaya had been planned out by the PAP without any other party or public input.
2477:
593:
612:"I was only five or six years old then. My uncle always held me and sang anti-Japanese and patriotic songs, like "China will not perish" (
1055:; this became known as the "Eden Hall Tea Party". Selkirk had given a non-committal response that they would abide by the constitution.
1382:
942:, recently declassified, revealed that Lim Chin Siong had said, "A lot of people don't want to shout "Merdeka"! They want to shout "
1256:
939:
687:
1295:
The official narrative suggested that Lim was behind numerous labour disputes that eventually descended into rioting, such as the
1264:
1195:
972:
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said, "It is significant to note that the Member for Bukit Timah (Lim Chin Siong) at that meeting said that instead of shouting "
822:
785:
1011:
Although the "communist" faction had been frozen out of ever taking over the PAP, other problems had begun to arise internally.
129:
1821:"GOVERNMENT ACTION UNDER THE BANISHMENT ORDINANCE, THE PRESERVATION OF PUBLIC SECURITY ORDINANCE, AND THE SOCIETIES ORDINANCE"
2487:
2482:
1442:
1279:(CPM) at the time, did not recall Lim as a key figure of the CPM, and also said that the Barisan was not controlled by them.
2398:
569:
Street, and was the second child in a family that would eventually have 13 children, although one child did not survive the
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Hong, Lysa (2011). "Politics of the Chinese-speaking Communities in Singapore in the 1950s: The Shaping of Mass Politics".
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906:
811:
654:
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218:
1854:
2183:
2079:
2050:
1985:
1755:
1727:
1667:
1492:
1354:
1349:
976:
960:
917:
838:
826:
776:
485:
1110:
The federal government would control internal security matters, even though Singapore had given up the rights above.
1899:
1218:
Lim was released along with Wong Chui Wan, his fiancée and a former colleague in the General Employees Union along
818:
570:
2457:
642:
1877:
2302:
2277:
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ultimate decision for where they would count would be made by the Legislative Assembly, which they controlled.
831:
662:
342:
1630:
1023:
356:
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Chin Siong was framed, and that Lim Yew Hock and the British had found a golden opportunity to arrest him.
624:
In 1942, when Lim was just nine years old and in Standard III, schools were forced to close because of the
577:
had a profound impact on the global economy, even in Singapore. The Lims were forced to move to peninsular
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unions: he worked as a paid secretary for the Changi branch of the Singapore Bus Workers' Union, then its
1300:
625:
845:, and Chan Chiaw Thor (those who had the closest links to trade unions) were hence forced to step down.
690:, who held him in custody for a week. When he was released, he was expelled by The Chinese High School.
1203:
1114:
601:
1660:
The May 13 Generation: The Chinese Middle Schools Student Movement and Singapore Politics in the 1950s
729:, who had returned to Singapore from Britain and organised regular secret meetings in the basement of
1487:(2nd ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. pp. 56–97.
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published a blog post, later removed, on how the writers had been "extremely open to input" from the
841:
who were branded "militant and pro-communist" not to contest the next committee election. Lim, Fong,
821:
had suggested that the demand for bloodshed by the PAP was the cause of the violence. Chief Minister
1022:
Ong was then expelled, and he resigned his Legislative Assembly seat to challenge the government to
1333:
1107:
Singapore citizens would not be able to move freely in the other states, unlike other citizens; and
1076:
The Barisan Sosialis was founded by Lim Chin Siong and he became its secretary-general in Aug 1961.
746:
658:
478:
241:
1949:
932:", which means "beat the police". Is there any doubt whatsoever as to who sparked off the riots?"
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in search of a better life when Lim was three years old. Lim and his family eventually settled in
2045:. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. pp. 3–55.
1276:
666:
1080:
In August 1961, Lim and his fellow PAP members who were expelled formed a new party, called the
2001:
1219:
1164:
had sought a justifiable reason to make a mass round of arrests, including Lim and many of his
1101:
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leader active in Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s. He was one of the founders of the governing
1259:'s notes of Lim's activities contradicted this, such as Lim giving a talk in commemoration of
1432:
2345:"NAC pulled grant from comic as it 'potentially undermines the authority of the Government'"
1924:
1353:, featuring Lim, his life story and his political rival Lee Kuan Yew. Upon its release, the
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2447:
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8:
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Harper, T. N. (2015). "Lim Chin Siong and the 'Singapore Story'". In Poh, Soo Kai (ed.).
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After Lim Chin Siong's release, he was appointed political secretary to Finance Minister
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To safeguard the PAP's reputation, Lee Kuan Yew requested that all members of the PAP
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1662:. Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. pp. 57–102.
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He was the mastermind behind numerous subversive activities against the government.
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582:
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228:
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2139:. Hong Kong University Press & National Museum of Singapore. pp. 401–406.
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Tan, Jing Quee (2015). "Lim Chin Siong: A Political Life". In Poh, Soo Kai (ed.).
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government. The second time was between 1963 and 1969 when he was arrested during
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1975:
780:
672:
With the support of the ABL, and with his classmate and later political partner,
26:
2372:"Theatre review: Adrian Pang turns in a stirring performance in The LKY Musical"
1900:"Merdeka talks – Second all-party mission to London is held - Singapore History"
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Part of Lim Chin Siong's Q&A Posthumous Manuscript ~ Sahabat Rakyat Malaysia
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when Lim demanded for the Barisan to be given equal airtime, they were denied.
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578:
2441:
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2239:
CO 1030/652 no 103 26 June 1959 : despatch from Sir W Goode to Mr Lennox-Boyd
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recalled that Lee had introduced Lim to him, and said that Lim would be the
1687:"EMERGENCY (AMENDMENT No. 2) REGULATIONS, 1955 (RE-INTRODUCTION OF CURFEW)"
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905:
Later that night, a riot began after police and protesters clashed outside
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22:
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to merger but in different forms (see the referendum ballot slip below).
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had earlier rejected, which had led to the failure of the talks in 1956.
883:
745:, among others. During those meetings, they drew up a plan to set up the
608:'s call to arms, had volunteered to fight against the Japanese in China:
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2159:
Proceedings of Paths Not Taken: Political Pluralism in Postwar Singapore
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would be held in May 1959, this time for full internal self-government.
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1242:
He was a communist, and that Singapore could have become communist; and
1145:
899:
842:
742:
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566:
473:; 28 February 1933 – 5 February 1996) was a Singaporean politician and
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1977:
Creating "Greater Malaysia": Decolonization and the Politics of Merger
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Lee, who was present at Lim Chin Siong's speech, did not refute this.
1950:"Singapore Legislative Assembly By-Election April 1961 > Hong Lim"
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in Pontian in 1939. It was a time when numerous events leading up to
208:
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live parody sketch show featured a 'bromance' between Lim and Lee.
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Dialogues with Chin Peng: New Light on the Malayan Communist Party
2002:"Singapore Legislative Assembly By-Election July 1961 > Anson"
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In 1984, Lim returned to Singapore with his family and lived in
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2152:"David Marshall and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Singapore"
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Unlike Marshall, who was very reluctant with the use of force,
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1855:"Lim Chin Siong and that Beauty World Speech: A Closer Look"
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and the proclamation of the People's Republic of China; the
2272:. Singapore: Singapore University Press. pp. 190–191.
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Paths not Taken: Political Pluralism in Post-War Singapore
712:
393:
1590:"Part of Lim Chin Siong's Q&A Posthumous Manuscript"
721:
Lim was a co-founder of the People's Action Party (PAP).
2175:
The Long Nightmare: My 17 Years as a Political Prisoner
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1434:
The Long Nightmare: My 17 Years as a Political Prisoner
848:
379:
1736:
1719:
The Constitution of Singapore: A Contextual Analysis
1290:
1146:
Operation Coldstore and second detention (1963–1969)
882:
On 25 October 1956, Lim Chin Siong gave a speech at
707:
648:
2134:
869:
2067:
2297:. Singapore: Media Masters Pte Ltd. p. 438.
2200:"Newspaper Article - Chin Siong to quit politics"
1249:
2439:
2421:"CHESTNUTS 50 THE UNBELYEEVABLE JUBILEE EDITION"
2401:. The New York Times Company. The New York Times
2292:
1361:In July 2015, actor Benjamin Chow played Lim in
1332:featured Lim getting elected, along with fellow
1229:. He died of a heart attack on 5 February 1996.
959:pro-communist") won half the seats in the PAP's
693:
2293:Chin, Peng; Ward, Ian; Miraflor, Norma (2003).
1156:For months before the referendum, the British,
1062:
1026:in April 1961, where he won 73.3% of the vote.
761:. An attendee at one of the rallies recounted:
1390:Chestnuts 50 The UnbelYeevable Jubilee Edition
953:
600:were happening both at home and globally. The
1340:, to the Legislative Assembly at the climax.
1042:Eden Hall Tea Party and vote of no-confidence
759:"was brilliant, and the crowd was spellbound"
704:from a few thousand to about 30,000 members.
361:
347:
2135:Frost, M. R.; Balasingamchow, Y.-M. (2009).
1426:
1424:
998:
2043:Comet in Our Sky: Lim Chin Siong in History
1878:"Ex-PAP man recounts 1957 'kelong meeting'"
1852:
1485:Comet in Our Sky: Lim Chin Siong in History
1430:
1059:including Lim Chin Siong - left with them.
725:Lim's work in the unions caught the eye of
2225:"OW DEFENDS DETENTION OF LIM CHIN SIONG".
1543:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1383:Ministry of Communications and Information
632:(hut), and also raised pigs and chickens.
616:) and "Oh, the beautiful Chinese nation" (
57:
2101:. Parliament of Singapore. Archived from
1421:
2267:
2065:
1980:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
1756:"Lim Chin Siong was wrongfully detained"
1169:political survival through the arrests.
1113:
1071:
1067:
1002:
986:
716:
555:
529:
459:
1104:for its population, with just 25 seats;
589:, where Lim would spend his childhood.
505:Lim was born in 1933 to Lim Teng Geok (
152:Hollupatherage James Caldera Kulasingha
2440:
2268:Chin, C. C.; Hack, Karl, eds. (2005).
2171:
2149:
2040:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1315:
713:Founding of the PAP and 1955 elections
142:22 April 1955 – 31 March 1959
87:3 October 1961 – 21 July 1969
2473:Singaporean people of Hokkien descent
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2093:
2091:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1875:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1524:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1437:. Utusan Publications. pp. 88–.
1088:), with Lim as secretary-general and
795:
2468:Prisoners and detainees of Singapore
2342:
2066:Corfield, Justin (2 December 2010).
1804:
1753:
1681:
1679:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1614:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
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1528:
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1504:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
790:"future Prime Minister of Singapore"
2478:Singaporean prisoners and detainees
2396:
2369:
2178:. Utusan Publications. p. 87.
2150:Trocki, Carl A. (14–15 July 2005).
1973:
1715:
1482:
849:1956 constitutional talks in London
13:
2117:
2088:
2070:Historical Dictionary of Singapore
2019:
1813:
1773:
1716:Tan, Kevin Y. L. (30 April 2015).
1388:In September 2015, Jonathan Lim's
1263:'s death to his ABL subordinates.
938:A transcript of the speech by the
913:" ("beat the police" in Hokkien).
286:Lim Teng Geok (1911-1975) (father)
219:Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium
16:Singaporean politician (1933–1996)
14:
2504:
2463:People's Action Party politicians
2399:"Singapore's History Put to Song"
1853:Ramakrishna, Kumar (8 May 2014).
1827:. 6 November 1956. Archived from
1676:
1648:
1551:
1501:
1451:
1350:The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye
1291:Debate over subversive activities
834:, in the aftermath of the riots.
708:People's Action Party (1954–1961)
649:Chinese High School and expulsion
635:
1974:Tan, Tai Yong (1 January 2008).
1876:Leong, Weng Kam (10 June 2016).
928:" the people should now shout, "
870:1956 Chinese middle school riots
571:Japanese occupation of Singapore
289:Ang Kee Neo (1912-1995) (mother)
2413:
2390:
2363:
2336:
2311:
2286:
2261:
2252:
2242:
2233:
2218:
2192:
2172:Zahari, Said (1 January 2007).
2165:
2143:
2059:
1994:
1967:
1942:
1917:
1892:
1869:
1402:
1275:, the secretary-general of the
1029:
561:
539:
469:
411:
394:
261:
2343:Yong, Charissa (3 June 2015).
1754:Thum, Ping Tjin (8 May 2014).
1709:
1623:
1608:
1250:Debate over communist leanings
1213:
1206:, where he attempted suicide.
682:
663:African anti-colonial movement
549:
519:
449:
380:
362:
348:
1:
2295:Chin Peng: My Side of History
1857:. Institute of Policy Studies
1693:. 16 May 1955. Archived from
1415:
1369:'s Lee Kuan Yew, directed by
694:Involvement with trade unions
500:
2488:Hwa Chong Institution alumni
2483:Barisan Sosialis politicians
2370:Tan, Corrie (25 July 2015).
1619:. NUS Press. pp. 61–62.
1100:Be under-represented in the
1063:Barisan Sosialis (1961–1969)
7:
2493:Singaporean trade unionists
2397:Qin, Amy (14 August 2015).
1347:released the graphic novel
1343:In May 2015, comics artist
1301:Chinese middle school riots
961:central executive committee
954:First detention (1956–1959)
839:central executive committee
779:as the Assembly Member for
626:Japanese invasion of Malaya
48:
10:
2509:
1722:. Bloomsbury. p. 19.
1204:Singapore General Hospital
1149:
977:A fresh round of elections
799:
602:Marco Polo Bridge incident
20:
1277:Communist Party of Malaya
1232:
1085:
1024:a by-election in Hong Lim
999:1961 Hong Lim by-election
775:Lim was elected into the
677:
617:
613:
544:
510:
440:
426:
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401:
387:
373:
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355:
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248:
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224:
214:
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146:
135:
125:
113:
101:
91:
80:
73:Secretary-General of the
72:
68:
56:
47:
40:
1395:
343:Traditional Chinese
130:Bukit Timah Constituency
2006:singapore-elections.com
1954:singapore-elections.com
1929:singapore-elections.com
1925:"People's Action Party"
1825:Parliament of Singapore
1691:Parliament of Singapore
907:The Chinese High School
832:Chung Cheng High School
812:The Chinese High School
733:which were attended by
667:Malayan Communist Party
655:The Chinese High School
594:Pei Chun Primary School
357:Simplified Chinese
2458:Singaporean communists
2137:Singapore: A Biography
2099:"MOTION OF CONFIDENCE"
1529:Chew, Melanie (1996).
1288:
1191:
1119:
1077:
1008:
773:
722:
622:
565:) in Singapore, along
2204:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
1904:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
1355:National Arts Council
1334:People's Action Party
1284:
1187:
1117:
1075:
1068:The Battle for Merger
1006:
987:Internal party strife
920:, Education Minister
763:
747:People's Action Party
720:
610:
484:Lim was the youngest
479:People's Action Party
242:People's Action Party
1531:Leaders of Singapore
1431:Said Zahari (2007).
1324:'s historical novel
918:Legislative Assembly
827:Legislative Assembly
777:Legislative Assembly
731:his Oxley Road house
643:Catholic High School
108:Position established
2423:. 18 September 2015
2229:. 13 February 1996.
2074:. Scarecrow Press.
1880:. The Straits Times
1635:Singapore Infopedia
1316:Cultural depictions
1172:Lim's meeting with
1152:Operation Coldstore
754:Rendel Constitution
543:) and Ang Kee Neo (
495:Operation Coldstore
193:Straits Settlements
2105:on 8 December 2017
1831:on 7 December 2017
1760:The Online Citizen
1697:on 7 December 2017
1297:Hock Lee bus riots
1158:Tunku Abdul Rahman
1120:
1102:Federal Parliament
1078:
1036:Tunku Abdul Rahman
1009:
802:Hock Lee bus riots
796:Hock Lee bus riots
723:
120:Position abolished
2376:The Straits Times
2349:The Straits Times
2319:"The LKY Musical"
2227:The Straits Times
1807:ARI Working Paper
1596:. 5 February 2016
1444:978-967-61-1939-1
1376:The Straits Times
1227:Serangoon Gardens
460:Lam4 Cing1 Coeng4
430:
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395:Lam4 Cing1 Coeng4
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1631:"Fong Swee Suan"
1627:
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1309:Barisan Sosialis
1166:Barisan Sosialis
1087:
1082:Barisan Sosialis
825:demanded in the
817:Chief Secretary
684:
679:
619:
615:
592:Lim enrolled in
575:Great Depression
563:
557:
556:Hung4 Ci5 Noeng4
551:
546:
541:
531:
521:
512:
471:
470:Lîm Chheng-siông
461:
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412:Lîm Chheng-siông
397:
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383:
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365:
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229:Barisan Sosialis
205:
186:28 February 1933
185:
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171:Personal details
159:
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85:
75:Barisan Sosialis
63:Lim in the 1950s
61:
51:
38:
37:
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2097:
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2053:
2039:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:
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1918:
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1495:
1481:
1452:
1445:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1363:The LKY Musical
1326:A Different Sky
1318:
1293:
1252:
1235:
1216:
1154:
1148:
1086:Socialist Front
1070:
1065:
1044:
1032:
1001:
989:
956:
872:
851:
804:
798:
715:
710:
696:
683:Fāng Shuǐshuāng
651:
638:
530:Lam4 Ting4 Juk6
503:
324:
309:
292:
267:
264: 1970)
259:
255:
237:
236:Other political
225:Political party
207:
203:
202:5 February 1996
187:
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162:Ya'acob Mohamed
157:
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127:
126:Assembly Member
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86:
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64:
52:
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43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2206:. 24 July 1969
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2018:
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1966:
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1400:
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1397:
1394:
1330:Harvill Secker
1317:
1314:
1292:
1289:
1257:Special Branch
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1215:
1212:
1196:David Marshall
1150:Main article:
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985:
973:David Marshall
955:
952:
940:Special Branch
871:
868:
850:
847:
823:David Marshall
800:Main article:
797:
794:
786:David Marshall
714:
711:
709:
706:
695:
692:
688:Special Branch
674:Fong Swee Suan
650:
647:
637:
636:Post-war years
634:
583:Pontian Kechil
540:Lîm Têng-gio̍k
502:
499:
433:Lim Chin Siong
428:
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375:Hanyu Pinyin
337:Chinese name
238:affiliations
204:(1996-02-05)
158:Succeeded by
137:
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115:Succeeded by
107:
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23:Chinese name
18:
2453:1996 deaths
2448:1933 births
2427:29 December
2405:29 December
2382:14 December
2378:. Singapore
2355:22 December
2351:. Singapore
2328:29 December
2323:Meira Chand
1367:Adrian Pang
1336:candidate,
1322:Meira Chand
1220:Middle Road
1214:Later years
781:Bukit Timah
606:Tan Kah Kee
486:Assemblyman
244:(1954–1961)
231:(1961–1969)
148:Preceded by
103:Preceded by
27:family name
2442:Categories
2304:9810486936
2279:9971692872
1640:4 February
1416:References
1345:Sonny Liew
1194:arrested.
1084:(English:
900:Devan Nair
843:Devan Nair
743:Devan Nair
701:Paya Lebar
659:Communists
567:Telok Ayer
535:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
520:Lín Tíngyù
501:Early life
465:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
303:Politician
297:Occupation
182:1933-02-28
2210:21 August
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2011:19 August
1959:19 August
1934:19 August
1909:19 August
1884:19 August
1861:14 August
1835:19 August
1765:19 August
1701:18 August
1600:16 August
1539:cite book
1365:opposite
1320:In 2010,
1273:Chin Peng
1053:Eden Hall
645:in 1949.
618:美哉，美哉中华民族
209:Singapore
189:Singapore
138:In office
83:In office
1299:and the
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930:pah mata
911:pah mata
525:Jyutping
455:Jyutping
389:Jyutping
272:Children
92:Chairman
21:In this
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280:Parents
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630:pondok
579:Malaya
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515:pinyin
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1396:Notes
614:中国不会亡
587:Johor
475:union
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2407:2015
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2357:2015
2330:2015
2299:ISBN
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1982:ISBN
1961:2016
1936:2016
1911:2016
1886:2016
1863:2014
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176:Born
128:for
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511:林廷玉
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