People's Action Party

940: 1219: 1230: 2523: 2617: 608: 759:. Lim Chin Siong was placed under solitary confinement for close to a year, away from his other PAP colleagues, as they were placed in the Medium Security Prison (MSP) instead. The number of PAP members imprisoned rose in August 1957, when PAP members from the trade unions (viewed as "communist or pro-communist") won half the seats in the Central Executive Committee (CEC). The "moderate" CEC members, including Lee Kuan Yew, Toh Chin Chye and others, refused to take their appointments in the CEC. Yew Hock's government again made a sweeping round of arrests, imprisoning all the "communist" members, before the "moderates" re-assumed their office. 42: 2709: 2459: 1482: 768:

arrested. Greg Poulgrain of Griffiths University argued that "Lee Kuan Yew was secretly a party with Lim Yew Hock in urging the Colonial Secretary to impose the subversives ban in making it illegal for former political detainees to stand for election". Lee Kuan Yew eventually accused Lim Chin Siong and his supporters of being communists working for the Communist United Front, but evidence of Lim being a communist cadre was a matter of debate as many documents have yet to be declassified.

2743: 8753: 1879: 2430: 2491: 8765: 8821: 8777: 2675: 1891: 2397: 8657: 4939: 4893: 4797: 4751: 4700: 4654: 4608: 4562: 4516: 4470: 4419: 4319: 4071: 4025: 3974: 777: 4985: 4843: 2555: 1190:. However on 8 April 2021, Heng surprisingly announced he would step down as the fourth-generation leader and step aside to pave way for younger and healthier leaders to take over the leadership and stressed that health and age as concerns of this decision. After his decision, several Cabinet members were seen as the possible candidates to succeed Heng, ranging from Minister for Finance 1443:"establishment figures" in the public and private sector. He established a related scheme titled "Young Friends of the PAP" to attract Singaporeans below the age of 40 as well and explained that the intention was to "refresh" the PAP and improve the "quality" of PAP's membership. Membership as a 'Young Friend' was by invitation only, and the group was limited to about 500 people. 516:. Nevertheless, the PAP has not seen its hegemony threatened and has always received over 60% of the votes and 80% of the seats in every subsequent general election. Having governed for over six decades, the PAP is the longest uninterrupted governing party among modern multiparty parliamentary democracies. It is the second-longest governing party in history after Mexico's 1084:, the old guard were confident in their "rectitude" and discretion in using their extensive political powers for Singapore's common good, but were not as confident in the next generation in doing so. Various limits on executive power were considered, in order to minimise the chances of corruption. These included a 2337:

The PAP symbol, which is a red thunderbolt and blue circle on white, stands for action inside multicultural unity. It also appears on party flags on parades. PAP members at party rallies have customarily worn a uniform of white shirts and white trousers which symbolises incorruptibility and purity of

1205:

On 14 April 2022, Finance Minister Lawrence Wong was selected as the new leader of the PAP's fourth-generation (4G) team, succeeding Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat who had stepped down as 4G leader. Wong received an "overwhelming majority" of support in the consultation process, surpassing that

926:

resulted in a crisis and led to Rahman forcing Singapore to leave Malaysia on 9 August 1965. Upon independence, the nascent People's Action Party of Malaya, which had been registered in Malaysia on 10 March 1964, had its registration cancelled on 9 September 1965, just a month after Singapore's exit.

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stated that Singapore must adopt a set of shared national values. He was of the view that a national ideology was useful to bond Singaporeans together by preserving the cultural heritage of the core communities of Singapore, and upholding certain common values that would capture the essence of being

911:(UMNO). However, the prospect that the PAP might rule Malaysia agitated UMNO. The PAP's decision to contest federal parliamentary seats outside Singapore and the UMNO decision to contest seats within Singapore breached an unspoken agreement to respect each other's spheres of influence and aggravated 854:

Although Ong's 16 Resolutions originated from the left-wing faction led by Lim Chin Siong, that faction had only reluctantly asked the PAP leadership to clarify its position on them, as they still thought that the party with Lee Kuan Yew at the helm was a better alternative than Ong who was regarded

762:

Following this, the PAP decided to re-assert ties with the labour faction of Singapore in the hope of securing the votes of working-class Chinese Singaporeans, many of whom were supporters of the jailed unionists. Lee Kuan Yew convinced the incarcerated union leaders to sign documents to state their

767:

member Tan Jing Quee claims that Lee was secretly in collusion with the British to stop Lim Chin Siong and the labour supporters from attaining power because of their huge popularity. Quee also states that Lim Yew Hock deliberately provoked the students into rioting and then had the labour leaders

2055:

watching, I concluded that state welfare and subsidies blunted the individual's drive to succeed. I watched with amazement the ease with which Hong Kong workers adjusted their salaries upwards in boom times and downwards in recessions. I resolved to reverse course on the welfare policies which my

1094:

The old guard also sought to eschew the use of PAP as a central political institution, seeking to "depoliticise" and disperse power among society, and sought to include low-level community leaders in government. A policy of cross-fertilisation was enacted: exchange of leaders, "elites" and talent

2195:

on "Shared Values" for the country, which consists of five national values to forge a national identity. These values were – nation before community and society above self; family as the basic unit of society; regard and community support for the individual; consensus instead of contention, and

1442:

The PAP has a long-running programme, known as 'Friends of the PAP' by which it enlists individuals and organisations to assist in promoting its political goals. In 2002, secretary-general Goh Chok Tong announced an intention to expand this programme, which at the time was primarily limited to

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sought to groom younger leaders. In a speech on 29 September 1984, Lee argued that though the first generation of leaders was still "alert and fully in charge", to hang on to power until they had become feeble would allow power to be wrested from them, with no say in who their successors were.

902:

After gaining independence from Britain, Singapore joined the federation of Malaysia in 1963. Although the PAP was the ruling party in the state of Singapore, the PAP functioned as an opposition party at the federal level in the larger Malaysian political landscape. At that time and until the

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To become a cadre, a party member must be first nominated by the MP in their branch. The candidate will then undergo three sessions of interview, each with four to five ministers or MPs and the appointment is then made by the CEC. About 100 candidates are nominated each year.

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From 1957 onward, the rules laid down that the outgoing CEC should recommend a list of candidates from which the cadre members can then vote for the next CEC. This has recently changed so that the CEC nominates eight members and the party caucus selects the remaining ten.

2218:. In November 2019, Lee stated at a party convention that the PAP must not allow the "disconnect between the masses and the elite seen in other countries to take root in Singapore." During the election campaign in July 2020, Lee's estranged brother over 855:

as mercurial and a tyrant. However, Lee took the stance taken by the left-wing PAP members as a lack of confidence in his leadership. This issue caused a rift between the "moderate" PAP members (led by Lee) and the "left-wing" faction (led by Lim).

1446:

According to local media reports, the Friends of the PAP programme had "fallen out of the public consciousness" after 2002. However, in June 2024, the PAP revived the Friends of the PAP programme and expanded it, now with a renewed focus on local

1451:, with the intention to connect with a wider and younger audience. The PAP did not respond to media queries about whether the Friends of the PAP programme remained invite-only or what the rules of engagement for members of the programme were. 1287:

Historically, the position of Secretary-General was not considered for the office of Prime Minister, but rather the Central Executive Committee held an election to choose the prime minister. There was a contest between PAP Secretary-General

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in the 1940s and early 1950s. Upon returning to Singapore, the group met regularly to discuss approaches to attain independence in Malayan territories and started looking for like-minded individuals to start a political party. Journalist

858:

Ong was then expelled, and he resigned his Assembly seat to challenge the government to a by-election in Hong Lim in April 1961, where he won 73.3% of the vote. This was despite the fact that Lee Kuan Yew had made a secret alliance with

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Political power in the party is concentrated in the CEC, led by the secretary-general. The secretary-general of the PAP is the leader of the party. Due to PAP's electoral victories in every general election since 1959, the

505:, except for the Worker's Party, which won no seats in the election. For decades thereafter, the PAP exercised exclusivity over its governance of national institutions and become the largest political party in the country. 2196:

racial and religious harmony. They were also set as a contrast against the "more Westernised, individualistic, and self-centred outlook on life" and to uphold the "traditional Asian ideas of morality, duty and society".

8154: 1386:. The age limit was raised from 35 to 40. Memberships are issued through the PAP branches under each constituency in Singapore. By 2005, the committee had grown to more than 6,000 members. In 2010, then Vice-Chairman 879:

with Lim Chin Siong as secretary-general. Aside from the Chinese union leaders, lawyers Thampoe Thamby Rajah and Tann Wee Tiong, several members from the University Socialist Club such as James Puthucheary (father of

851:, presented a set of "16 Resolutions" to revisit some issues previously explored by Chin Siong's faction of the PAP: abolishing the PPSO, revising the Constitution, and changing the method of selecting cadre members. 1378:'s tenure as Chairman. All PAP members under the age of 35 had then been grouped under the Youth Committee. In 1993, the Youth Committee was renamed the Young PAP. In an effort to attract members, then Chairman 6562: 1064:

By 1984, the "old guard" (first generation of party leaders) had been governing Singapore for approximately a quarter of a century. Aging leadership was a key concern, and then Prime Minister of Singapore,

6684: 7217: 1418:"as it was necessary for the PAP to have a voice on cyberspace". The initiative was divided by two sub-committees, one of which was in charge of strategising the campaigns and is co-headed by Minister 9023: 646:

was introduced to Lee by Goh. Lee was also introduced to several English-educated left-wing students and Chinese-educated union and student leaders while working on the Fajar sedition trial and the

9126: 1401:

was shut down in 2001, the Young PAP offered their own forum for moderated discussions. They have since set up various blogs and social media accounts with multimedia content to engage the masses.

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as there was a lack of private sector funds and expertise, particularly in the early years of nationhood. Various GLCs were formed to pursue strategic sectors such as in ship building and repair (

744:

was revised accordingly in 1958, replacing the Rendel Constitution with one that granted Singapore self-government and the ability for its own population to fully elect its Legislative Assembly.

732:. On 7 June 1956, Marshall, disappointed with the constitutional talks, stepped down as Chief Minister as he had pledged to do so earlier if self-governance was not achieved. He was replaced by 1245:-leaning faction. The PAP Executive later expelled the leftist faction in 1961, bringing the ideological basis of the party into the centre and later in the 1960s moving further to the right. 9095: 9080: 693:

in which 25 of 32 seats in the legislature were up for election. In this election, the PAP's four candidates gained much support from the trade union members and student groups such as the

9056: 1171:

were elected as the First and Second Assistant Secretaries-General respectively, the second and third highest positions of the party. They had replaced then Assistant Secretaries-General

6707: 6390: 8144: 682:. The political party was led by Lee Kuan Yew as its secretary-general, with Toh Chin Chye as its founding chairman. Other party officers include Tann Wee Tiong, Lee Gek Seng, 9029: 9000: 7059: 5700:

Thum, Ping Tjin (November 2013). "'The Fundamental Issue is Anti-colonialism, Not Merger': Singapore's "Progressive Left", Operation Coldstore, and the Creation of Malaysia".

2309:, pointing out its regulation of the private sector, activist intervention in the economy and social policies as evidence of this. In 1976, the PAP formally resigned from the 8989: 9100: 7909: 9141: 9051: 1393:

Since 1995, the youth-wing of the PAP has had an internet presence that aims to "correct 'misinformation' about Singapore politics or culture". Under the urging of then

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Those with the now non-existent party applied to register People's Action Party, Malaya which was again rejected by the Malaysian government, before settling with the

9039: 7999: 6551: 6335: 7012: 6801: 6420: 6305: 8091: 7335: 6894: 6868: 6771: 6745: 6525: 6495: 6446: 5759: 8809: 799:

and who will eventually helm this post for the next 31 years, requested the British for the release of the left-wing members of the PAP, including the likes of

6676: 1974:

continue to vote for the party as economic considerations, pragmatism and stability triumph over accountability and checks and balances by opposition parties.

814:

Singapore Association of Trade Unions (SATU). The SATU collapsed in 1963, following the now PAP-led government's crackdown and detention of its leaders during

7879: 9169: 6592: 6175: 6153: 1182:

On 1 May 2019, Heng Swee Keat was appointed the new and sole Deputy Prime Minister, replacing Teo and Tharman. He was then widely seen as the 4th and next

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under Lee Kuan Yew's leadership. The election was also the first one to produce a fully elected parliament and a cabinet wielding powers of full internal

8787: 1921: 591:, serving as a purportedly indispensable guarantor of the country's continued sovereignty within the context of its strategic position for international 709:

division. Then 22 years old unionist Lim Chin Siong was and remained the youngest Assemblyman ever to be elected to office. The election was won by the

8117: 5916: 2191:

a Singaporean. In response, the government set up a committee as a follow up to Wee's proposal, and in January 1991, the PAP formally introduced a

1304:

The next lower level committee is the HQ Executive Committee (HQ EXCO) which performs the party's administration and oversees 14 sub-committees.

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support for the party and its policies, promising to release the jailed members of the PAP when the party came to power in the next elections. Ex-

9269: 8034: 5614: 9244: 8582: 5782: 1983: 8068: 6957: 7782: 939: 1218: 8215: 8185: 795:. The party has remained in power ever since, winning a majority of seats in every successive general election. Lee, who became the first 9213: 8802: 508:

From 1965 to 1981, the PAP was the only political force represented in Parliament until it saw its first electoral defeat to the WP at a

6715: 9264: 7253: 7235: 6382: 5509: 1165: 6823: 6469: 1073:

On 30 September, at the Ordinary Party Conference, power was transferred to the second generation of leaders, who were elected to the

9254: 1397:

George Yeo, Young PAP took charge of running several online websites to create an online presence for the party. After popular forum

20: 8552: 7718: 7067: 2123:, notable as joint ventures or strategic alliances with foreign companies or investors with relevant expertise, particularly in the 8894: 5293: 5151: 5087: 498: 2297:, by the late 1970s the intellectual credo of the government rested explicitly upon a philosophy of self-reliance, similar to the 1095:

would take place between private and government sectors, civilian and military segments of society, and between the party and the

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since 1966, when the opposition Barisan Sosialis (Socialist Front) resigned from Parliament after winning 13 seats following the

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practised by the PAP during its first few decades in power was of a pragmatic kind as characterised by the party's rejection of

843:

Although the "communist" faction had been frozen out of ever taking over the PAP, other problems had begun to arise internally.

587:

national identity forms the basis of many of its social policies. On foreign policy, it favours maintaining a strong and robust

8926: 8825: 8795: 7089:

Tan, Kenneth Paul (2012). "The Ideology of Pragmatism: Neo-liberal Globalisation and Political Authoritarianism in Singapore".

5519: 5273: 5082: 5077: 2274:, the PAP government arrested various individuals under accusations of plotting to overthrow the government and to establish a 997:, the PAP faced four opposition MPs at most. Opposition parties did not win more than four parliamentary seats from 1984 until 969:

It subsequently achieved a monopoly in an expanding parliament (winning every parliamentary seat) for the next four elections (

440: 412: 7365: 9259: 9201: 8941: 7977: 7761: 7510: 7201: 5980: 5792: 5161: 5107: 1280:

has been by convention the secretary-general of the PAP since 1959. Key appointments in the CEC are usually Cabinet members.

7444: 9274: 9184: 9017: 8718: 8699: 5288: 5097: 4229: 3846: 2847: 848: 158: 8817: 8011: 7313: 1252:

appointed, however the current number of cadres is unknown, with the register of cadres being kept confidential. In 1988,

9153: 9085: 8899: 8560: 8309: 7496: 7343: 6327: 5278: 5166: 5156: 5092: 4234: 4198: 1533: 1085: 908: 7004: 6793: 6412: 6297: 9239: 7526: 7043: 6890: 6864: 6767: 6737: 6517: 6491: 6442: 6366: 5751: 5171: 2278:. Since the 2010s, the party while remaining largely conservative was seen by some observers as to have adopted a more 2068: 1907: 1463: 928: 552: 7602: 1970:" by "liberal democratic standards". According to Professor Kenneth Paul Tan from the NUS, the PAP proclaim that many 1179:. A significant step of the leadership transition from the third-generation leaders to the fourth-generation leaders. 1048:, spans both past and present, but notably occurred in the mid-1980s where the first generation of PAP leaders in the 9090: 9074: 8531: 8512: 8494: 7824: 7402: 7288: 6988: 6933: 6659: 6625: 6281: 6239: 6212: 5866: 5732: 5102: 4956: 4910: 4864: 4814: 4768: 4722: 4671: 4625: 4579: 4533: 4487: 4441: 4390: 4042: 3996: 3945: 1833: 1431: 1383: 1260: 1229: 1223: 1074: 1049: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 982: 978: 974: 970: 955: 788: 690: 517: 502: 490: 369: 7191: 1296:, prior to 1959. Lee subsequently won the leadership and was inaugurated as the first prime minister of Singapore. 1091:

with substantial, nonceremonial powers. This particular reform was enacted with a constitutional amendment in 1991.

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in place of all the old CEC members; of the 14-member CEC, only Lee Kuan Yew remained the only "old guard" leader.

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In 1961, the Singapore Trades Union Congress (STUC), which had backed the PAP back in 1959, split into the pro-PAP

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Consequently, the governance of the PAP has occasionally been characterised by some observers, especially in the

1657: 1158: 1119: 904: 7691: 7639: 6588: 6179: 6149: 9249: 9179: 9116: 8189: 5883: 5339: 2120: 1943:(NUS) opines that the PAP has often set forth the idea of Asian democracy and values, drawing from a notion of 1096: 1033: 807: 456: 1259:

Cadre members have the right to attend party conferences and to vote for and elect and to be elected into the

9163: 9012: 8916: 8866: 5448: 5421: 5327: 5234: 5178: 5119: 5045: 4167: 4129: 1506: 1036:(NMPs) scheme (in 1990), which has helped strengthened the government's dominance and control of Parliament. 831: 9121: 5460: 1523: 756: 729: 576: 278: 1141:

Lee Kuan Yew himself remained Prime Minister and in the CEC until 1990, when he stepped down in favour of

9044: 8951: 8035:"PMO | Transcript of Dialogue with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the SG50+ Conference on 2 July 2015" 7947: 6176:"Lunch Talk on "Defending Singapore: Strategies for a Small State" by Minister for Defence Teo Chee Hean" 5924: 3251: 2187: 2029: 2021: 1277: 1183: 1032:

at will, including the introduction of multi-member constituencies under the GRC system (in 1988) or the

796: 647: 615: 475: 5810:"Public sector innovation in a city state: exploring innovation types and national context in Singapore" 8933: 8743: 6677:"British archives, personal accounts, confirm extent of Communist United Front activities here: PM Lee" 5217: 2314: 1496: 1206:

of other nominees. His candidacy was unanimously endorsed by the cabinet and subsequently, by the PAP

920: 19:

This article is about the People's Action Party of Singapore. For other groups with the same name, see

8713: 8694: 7880:"Singapore, With the World's Freest Economy, Stands as America's Indispensable Foreign Policy Partner" 7843:

Tan, Kenneth Paul (2007). "Singapore's National Day Rally speech: A site of ideological negotiation".

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and long-standing internal party power struggle led to the split of the left-wing group from the PAP.

8995: 8904: 8628: 8607: 8564: 5606: 4205: 3641: 3341: 2176: 1390:

said the YP attracts over 1200 new members that year, an increase on the 1000 new members in 2009.

1029: 963: 864: 741: 694: 8575: 6981:

The Fajar Generation: The University Socialist Club and the Politics of Postwar Malaya and Singapore

2616: 888:

joined the party. 35 of 51 branches of the PAP and 19 of 23 branch secretaries defected to Barisan.

607: 9197: 9148: 9068: 9034: 8909: 8872: 8060: 5504: 5380: 3681: 3626: 3161: 2231: 2001: 1637: 1560: 1028:(LDP) rule of the country. With its supermajority, the PAP has always had the ability to amend the 540: 460: 6949: 2032:. Singapore is also the only Asian country with the top AAA sovereign rating from the "Big Three" 9158: 9061: 8921: 8836: 7887: 5222: 3236: 2310: 2147:. According to Diane Mauzy and R. S. Milne, most analysts of Singapore have discerned four major 1131: 951: 452: 376: 243: 8956: 8193: 8007: 5858: 5724: 5300: 3836: 3326: 2208: 2064: 2033: 1853: 1757: 1603: 1555: 1176: 1135: 1123: 1088: 986: 916: 912: 662:

of the party include a group of trade unionists, lawyers and journalists such as Lee Kuan Yew,

588: 548: 509: 417: 8666: 7280: 6925: 2063:

Notably, since Singapore’s independence in 1965, the party has also supported the creation of

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campaign and managed to convince the British to make a definite plan for self-government. The

9218: 7746:

Li Xueying (3 February 2007). "PAP moves to counter criticism of party, Govt in cyberspace".

5514: 5212: 3516: 2144: 1543: 1538: 1021: 818:

and its subsequent official deregistration on 13 November 1963. The NTUC remains as the sole

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by which an opposition party had won more than one GRC, which was also achieved by the WP.

638: 572: 560: 536: 339: 2458: 993:

was the first election in 21 years in which opposition parties won seats. From then until

8: 8757: 8568: 8549: 8413: 8092:"PAP must not allow split between masses and elite to take root, says PM Lee Hsien Loong" 7176: 5946: 3246: 2934: 2259: 1883: 1697: 1667: 1565: 1528: 1081: 959: 815: 596: 528: 524: 296: 291: 8662: 5808:

Cinar, Emre; Demircioglu, Mehmet Akif; Acik, Ahmet Coskun; Simms, Chris (1 March 2024).

1107:

The next generation of leaders in the late 1980s was split between the factions of then

751:

were criticised for inciting riots in the mid-1950s. Lim Chin Siong, Fong Swee Suan and

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Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia-Pacific Region edited by James W. Morley

7937:"Singapore, Inc. Versus the Private Sector: Are Government-Linked Companies Different?" 7860: 7144: 7106: 6131: 6065: 3881: 3406: 2996: 2322: 2271: 2100: 2096: 1516: 1366:

for young adults and students in Singapore who support the PAP and have an interest in

1363: 923: 897: 819: 663: 513: 326: 7624:

Chen, Tommi (14 March 1995). "Internet world watches as Young PAP enters cyberspace".

7036:

The University Socialist Club and the Contest for Malaya: Tangled Strands of Modernity

2143:

as a small and vulnerable country with hostile neighbours has been a central theme of

8527: 8508: 8490: 8223: 7973: 7864: 7820: 7790: 7766: 7506: 7398: 7394:

Renaissance Singapore? Economy, Culture, and Politics: Economy, Culture, and Politics

7284: 7273: 7197: 7039: 6984: 6929: 6918: 6655: 6621: 6362: 6277: 6235: 6208: 6084:"Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity by Country" 6069: 6057: 6018: 5976: 5862: 5851: 5831: 5788: 5728: 5717: 5662: 5368: 4155: 3796: 3651: 3571: 3541: 3226: 3206: 2981: 2783:

As of 30 July 2023, the Central Executive Committee comprises the following members:

2302: 2172: 2072: 2057: 1952: 1810: 1548: 1471: 1422:

and MP Zaqy Mohamad. The other sub-committee—new media capabilities group led by MPs

1406: 1371: 1108: 881: 580: 556: 501:

which led to Singapore's independence from Malaysia, the entire opposition boycotted

302: 7110: 6135: 2708: 2199:

At an Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) dialogue held on 2 July 2015 and chaired by

2008:

policies have been popular since the 1980s as part of the wider implementation of a

8979: 8781: 8636: 8615: 8594: 8409: 7852: 7502: 7369: 7136: 7098: 6121: 6049: 6038:"Explaining Elections in Singapore: Dominant Party Resilience and Valence Politics" 6008: 5821: 5652: 5453: 5146: 5072: 3746: 3191: 3131: 3101: 3086: 2810: 2168: 2017: 1987: 1895: 1863: 1662: 1511: 1249: 944: 876: 764: 471: 130: 8640: 8619: 8598: 7127:

Quah, Jon (1985). "Singapore in 1984: Leadership Transition in an Election Year".

5997:"GIGA IAS Booth A9 at ICAS 10 Conference in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 20-23 July 2017" 907:, the federal government in Kuala Lumpur was controlled by a coalition led by the 9208: 8769: 8586: 8556: 8502: 7392: 7102: 6615: 6271: 6229: 6202: 5826: 5809: 5489: 5414: 4857: 3381: 3296: 3181: 3056: 2820: 2751: 2405: 2306: 2290: 2275: 2267: 2255: 2204: 2092: 2080: 1858: 1722: 1375: 1242: 1187: 1146: 1111: 679: 564: 120: 1374:. The YP's predecessor, the PAP Youth Committee, was established in 1986, under 783:

the day after the 1959 election, reporting on the results and the PAP's victory.

8946: 7305: 6126: 6109: 6013: 5996: 5657: 5640: 3851: 3806: 3791: 3551: 3441: 3436: 3386: 3051: 3036: 3026: 3011: 2906: 2840: 2800: 2563: 2294: 2223: 2200: 2160: 2104: 1997: 1993: 1805: 1742: 1717: 1702: 1642: 1583: 1199: 1168: 1161: 958:, which took place months after a number of their leaders had been arrested in 860: 737: 702: 675: 523:

Positioned on the centre-right of Singapore politics, the PAP is ideologically

364: 316: 194: 153: 108: 7856: 822:

in the country today and continues to have a close relationship with the PAP.

9233: 9007: 8227: 7794: 7553: 6061: 6022: 5835: 5666: 5373: 4715: 3761: 3736: 3696: 3636: 3506: 3426: 3336: 3306: 3291: 3171: 3116: 3081: 3041: 2976: 2961: 2913: 2830: 2742: 2717: 2499: 2467: 2373: 2326: 2219: 2124: 2045: 2013: 1963: 1944: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1747: 1712: 1707: 1627: 1427: 1423: 1253: 1191: 1172: 1142: 1127: 1115: 1017: 667: 643: 634: 630: 626: 230: 189: 184: 179: 140: 7817:

Parties and Politics. A Study of Opposition Parties and the PAP in Singapore

7168: 1959:, "Singapore would be better off without Western-style liberal democracy". 1481: 658:

The PAP was officially registered as a political party on 21 November 1954.

9136: 7970:

The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore (St. Anthony's Series)

7594: 6359:

Men in White: The Untold Story of Singapore's Ruling Political Party.. ISBN

5112: 4434: 4334: 4160: 3989: 3871: 3816: 3781: 3771: 3751: 3716: 3671: 3586: 3581: 3561: 3526: 3461: 3451: 3416: 3396: 3361: 3216: 3201: 3126: 3021: 2927: 2920: 2857: 2683: 2625: 2531: 2258:

co-founders of the PAP during the party's early years, who were eventually

2164: 2128: 2084: 1971: 1956: 1948: 1752: 1727: 1679: 1632: 1598: 1588: 1419: 1387: 1293: 1289: 1066: 844: 733: 710: 698: 683: 622: 611: 568: 494: 478: 451:. It is one of the three contemporary political parties represented in the 437: 286: 174: 8408:

From 1961, and became of low importance ever since the dissolution of the

2429: 539:

into one of the world's freest and most open, but has at times engaged in

9131: 5409: 3861: 3706: 3691: 3606: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3316: 3281: 3111: 3096: 3071: 3066: 2966: 2899: 2867: 2652: 2490: 2211: 2192: 2183: 2156: 2152: 2140: 2009: 2005: 1967: 1737: 1652: 1620: 1195: 885: 706: 584: 532: 467: 103: 8764: 7418: 6053: 8381: 7783:"Influencers, cause champions, businessmen: The new Friends of the PAP" 7148: 3726: 3596: 3536: 3496: 3156: 3006: 2884: 2674: 2175:, encouraging a united Singaporean identity while also recognising the 2148: 2112: 2041: 2025: 1787: 1732: 1674: 1647: 1608: 1501: 1411: 1379: 800: 752: 748: 697:, who canvassed for them. The party won three seats, one by its leader 671: 307: 266: 7218:"Finance Minister Lawrence Wong endorsed as leader of 4G team: PM Lee" 8820: 7254:"Lawrence Wong selected as leader of Singapore's PAP 4G team: PM Lee" 6950:"Singapore Legislative Assembly By-Election April 1961 > Hong Lim" 3826: 3146: 2286: 2251: 2247: 2052: 1593: 1398: 1344: 1045: 792: 659: 544: 448: 271: 8504:

Men in White: The Untold Story of Singapore's Ruling Political Party

8248: 8145:"Singapore's rulers hope a nudge to the left will keep voters loyal" 7140: 1382:

said that people joining the YP could take positions different from

1270: 1241:

form of party organisation, together with a vanguard cadre from its

1009:(GRC) for the first time for any opposition party, as well as until 867:(CPM), to get the CPM cadres to support the PAP in the by-election. 8417: 8118:"Singapore election: Lee Hsien Yang says PAP blind to 'real anger'" 6178:(Press release). Ministry of Defence. 21 April 2005. Archived from 3616: 3371: 3351: 3141: 2991: 2877: 2438: 2243: 2116: 1762: 1415: 1367: 1238: 837: 755:

as well as several unionists were detained by the police after the

486: 250: 6083: 5917:"Singapore's Stubborn Authoritarianism | Harvard Political Review" 2396: 847:, the former Mayor of the City Council after PAP's victory in the 728:

which ended in failure as the British declined to grant Singapore

8149: 5784:

The Political Economy of East Asia: Striving for Wealth and Power

3261: 2554: 2227: 2215: 2108: 1615: 1020:

in the legislature, to the point that Singapore is effectively a

811: 721: 583:. The cohesion of the country's main ethnic groups into a single 6708:"An annotated bibliography of Operation Coldstore – New Mandala" 1414:, had initiated an effort to counter critics anonymously on the 1157:

On 23 November 2018, fourth-generation leadership members, then–

2282:

tack in certain areas in order to remain electorally dominant.

2037: 7236:"Singapore PM Lee Signals Lawrence Wong Becomes New Successor" 2016:

and Singapore frequently ranks extremely highly on indices of

1237:

During its initial years, the party had adopted a traditional

776: 493:. Beginning in the 1960s, the party began to move towards the 8266: 7719:"PAP responds to criticisms of viral video by its youth wing" 7270: 6651: 5848: 5714: 2254:

political ideologies despite a brief joint alliance with the

1430:

executed the strategies. The initiative was set up after the

8360: 8358: 8345: 8343: 6552:"INCOME GROWTH, INEQUALITY AND MOBILITY TRENDS IN SINGAPORE" 962:

based on accusations of being communists affliated with the

8328: 8290: 2214:

in the system to instill a culture of respect and to avoid

2119:) amongst others. In addition, various GLCs were set up as 1362:

The Young PAP is the youth-wing of the party, serving as a

1248:

In the beginning, there were about 500 so-called temporary

1233:

People's Action Party headquarters in New Upper Changi Road

836:

In 1961, disagreements on the proposed merger plan to form

53: 8729: 8278: 6383:"Elected into the Legislative Assembly were (from left) …" 2317:

had initially proposed to expel the PAP on allegations of

950:

The PAP has held an overwhelming majority of seats in the

396: 8629:"Singapore in transition to fourth generation leadership" 8466:

This member was co-opted into the CEC on 26 November 2022

8376: 8355: 8340: 7038:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 24–25. 6150:"SAF remains final guarantor of Singapore's independence" 5807: 701:

for the Tanjong Pagar division and one by PAP co-founder

637:, a London-based student activist group that was against 261:

Block 57B New Upper Changi Road #01-1402 Singapore 463057

8576:"The 2015 Singapore Swing: Depoliticised Polity and the 8450:

This member was co-opted into the CEC on 6 November 2022

8216:"Main Singapore Party Quits The Socialist International" 6110:"Singapore: The Politics of Inventing National Identity" 5641:"Singapore: The Politics of Inventing National Identity" 8033:

Singapore, Prime Minister's Office (27 December 2018).

6257:

PAP 50 : Five Decades of the People's Action Party

1410:

that the PAP's new media committee chaired by Minister

985:). Opposition parties returned to the legislature at a 1118:. Lee Hsien Loong was supported by bureaucrats in the 720:

In April 1956, Lim and Lee represented the PAP at the

8741: 7336:"Lee Kuan Yew elected as Prime Minister of Singapore" 6891:"Merger issue: Dr. Toh hits out at six top unionists" 2139:

Since the early years of the PAP's rule, the idea of

934: 736:, another Labour Front member. Lim pursued a largely 7967: 6201:

Desker, Barry; Guan, Chong; Kwa, Chong Guan (2012).

1434:

and also included around 20 IT-savvy PAP activists.

618:

and one of the founders of the People's Action Party

485:, desiring to move the party's ideology towards the 7419:"People's Action Party Central Executive Committee" 6549: 7275:Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party 6476:. National Library Board Singapore. Archived from 5853:Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party 5719:Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party 5684:. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 36. 1357: 1186:and Secretary-General of PAP succeeding incumbent 8524:A History of the People's Action Party, 1985-2021 8501:Yap, Sonny; Lim, Richard; Leong, Weng K. (2010). 8143:Azhar, Saeed; Chalmers, John (6 September 2015). 7912:. Rotary Club of Wellington North. Archived from 6979:Poh, Soo K; Tan, Jing Quee; Koh, Kay Yew (2010). 6357:Yap, Sonny; Richard, Lim; Weng, K. Leong (2010). 6276:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. 6234:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. 5884:"The Internet and Political Control in Singapore" 1271:Central Executive Committee and Secretary-General 1256:revealed that there were more than 1,000 cadres. 520:(PRI), which led for 71 years from 1929 to 2000. 9231: 7162: 7160: 7158: 6915: 2942: 2266:(NAM) in 1970 and did not openly align with the 2173:advocates nationalism not based on ethnocentrism 9204:. The party has yet to contest in an election. 7935:Ling, Hui Tan; D. Ramirez, Carlos (July 2003). 6738:"2.45 am-PAP ROMPS HOME WITH LANDSLIDE VICTORY" 1056:ceded power to a second generation of leaders. 8835:Parenthesis indicate seats represented in the 7934: 7814: 6920:Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy 6443:"Labour Wins – Marshal Will Be Chief Minister" 6361:. Singapore: Straits Times Press. p. 54. 6356: 6168: 5746: 5744: 4190:1 seat lost to Independent, 1 seat lost to WP 2778: 2588: 2305:. Despite this, the PAP still claimed to be a 2262:. Nevertheless, Singapore formally joined the 1984:Government of Singapore Investment Corporation 1370:. The incumbent chairman of the youth-wing is 919:between PAP leader Lee Kuan Yew and Malaysian 8803: 8608:"The PAP model: can the 4G hold on to power?" 8142: 8115: 7762:"PAP scouting for young to refresh its ranks" 7498:Political oppositions in industrialising Asia 7366:"About the Leadership HQ Executive Committee" 7303: 7155: 6645: 6200: 6035: 1915: 1152: 1102: 1059: 66: 7183: 6916:Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James A. (2005). 6849:"When Lee lost control of PAP for 10 days". 6298:"Nine Form New Political Party in Singapore" 6273:The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew 6152:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 1 July 2007. 2237: 1955:. He added that for founding prime minister 771: 8500: 8334: 8296: 8284: 8272: 7819:. Marshall Cavendish Adademic. p. 20. 7189: 7005:"Lawyers Rajah, Tann join Barisan Socialis" 6648:Comet in our sky: Lim Chin Siong in history 6589:"Ex-PAP man recounts 1957 'kelong meeting'" 6467: 5741: 5589: 2177:main ethnic groups that make up the country 1222:People's Action Party activists during the 82: 8810: 8796: 7907: 7838: 7836: 7745: 7445:"Chan Chun Sing is new Young PAP chairman" 7264: 6865:"PAP 'rebels' to form an opposition party" 6114:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 6001:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 5842: 5645:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 2338:the party's ideologies of the government. 2230:as one of his explanations of joining the 1951:to construct ideological bulwarks against 1922: 1908: 1326:Membership Recruitment and Cadre Selection 875:The breakaway group of members formed the 547:. The party has supported the creation of 8521: 8364: 8349: 8186:"PAP bows out of Socialist International" 8032: 6978: 6204:Goh Keng Swee: A Public Career Remembered 6125: 6012: 5825: 5708: 5656: 5594:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 37. 5544: 2051:Lee Kuan Yew once said in 1992: "Through 1299: 1039: 891: 7488: 7060:"How the LDP dominates Japan's politics" 6705: 6641: 6639: 6637: 5973:Lee's lieutenants: Singapore's old guard 5964: 5634: 5632: 2260:accused of being communists and arrested 1228: 1217: 938: 775: 606: 7833: 7716: 7368:. People's Action Party. Archived from 7122: 7120: 7082: 6983:. Petaling Jaya: SIRD. pp. 59–60. 6824:"Singapore Association of Trade Unions" 6107: 5638: 5510:Party Whip of the People's Action Party 4242: 3897: 2242:Particularly during the climate of the 1263:(CEC), the pinnacle of party leaders. 810:(NTUC) and the non-affiliated and more 9270:Conservative parties in Southeast Asia 9232: 7587: 7271:Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne (2002). 6595:from the original on 21 September 2016 5915:Reyes, Sebastian (29 September 2015). 5875: 5849:Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne (2002). 5715:Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne (2002). 5559: 5520:List of political parties in Singapore 1996:has always accepted the need for some 1307:The sub-committees are the following: 825: 555:. This was done in order to jumpstart 21:People's Action Party (disambiguation) 9245:Political parties established in 1954 8927:Singapore Malay National Organisation 8791: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8446: 8444: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7741: 7739: 7664: 7605:from the original on 10 February 2016 7494: 6634: 6586: 6545: 6543: 6254: 6227: 6036:Oliver, Steven; Ostwald, Kai (2018). 5914: 5896:from the original on 24 February 2017 5679: 5629: 5617:from the original on 14 November 2018 2381:(10 December 1921 – 3 February 2012) 2069:Government-linked Corporations (GLCs) 1437: 1404:In February 2007, it was reported by 1395:Minister for Information and the Arts 489:after its first electoral victory in 9127:Katong United Residents' Association 8157:from the original on 1 December 2017 7997: 7780: 7623: 7397:. NUS Press. pp. 162, 231–236. 7391:Tan, Kenneth Paul (1 January 2007). 7246: 7126: 7117: 6674: 6613: 6559:Ministry of Finance Occasional Paper 6338:from the original on 18 January 2018 5699: 5695: 5693: 5691: 3892: 2691:(16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015) 2633:(16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015) 2413:(22 January 1936 – 8 February 2002) 1977: 849:1957 Singapore City Council election 9086:United Malays National Organisation 8550:"Singapore – People's Action Party" 8089: 7972:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105. 7877: 7842: 7551:"Young PAP taps S'poreans abroad". 7390: 7384: 7342:. 10 September 2009. Archived from 7316:from the original on 8 January 2018 7169:"Key political issues - Succession" 7088: 7033: 7015:from the original on 30 August 2018 6897:from the original on 18 August 2017 6871:from the original on 18 August 2017 6804:from the original on 21 August 2017 6774:from the original on 18 August 2017 6748:from the original on 18 August 2017 6687:from the original on 31 August 2017 6550:Ministry of Finance (August 2015). 6528:from the original on 18 August 2017 6498:from the original on 18 August 2017 6449:from the original on 18 August 2017 6423:from the original on 18 August 2017 6393:from the original on 18 August 2017 6308:from the original on 17 August 2017 6270:Lee, Kuan Yew (15 September 2012). 6269: 6259:. Singapore: People's Action Party. 5970: 5780: 5762:from the original on 18 August 2017 5604: 5579:. Taylor & Francis. p. 91. 5574: 2657:(28 December 1919 – 13 March 1996) 2346: 2207:spoke about the need to maintain a 2056:party had inherited or copied from 1005:(WP) won six seats and took away a 909:United Malays National Organisation 870: 747:PAP and left-wing members who were 466:Initially founded as a traditional 13: 9057:Singapore Regional Indian Congress 8487:Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics 8453: 8441: 7986: 7736: 7166: 6909: 6540: 6350: 6108:Ortmann, Stephan (December 2009). 2741: 2707: 2673: 2615: 2553: 2521: 2489: 2457: 2428: 2395: 2246:, the party was openly hostile to 2134: 1939:Professor Hussin Mutalib from the 1934: 935:Post-independence, 1965 to present 674:, S. Rajaratnam, Chan Chiaw Thor, 14: 9291: 9265:Conservative parties in Singapore 9018:People's Liberal Democratic Party 8648: 8071:from the original on 28 July 2018 7910:"Optimism for the New Millennium" 7470:"Young PAP members: Who they are" 7066:. 28 October 2021. Archived from 6706:Kah Seng, Loh (15 January 2015). 6568:from the original on 7 April 2016 5881: 5688: 4090:Legislative Assembly by-elections 1311:Branch Appointments and Relations 1007:Group Representation Constituency 535:economic policies, having turned 518:Institutional Revolutionary Party 9255:1954 establishments in Singapore 8819: 8775: 8763: 8751: 8655: 8438:As of the last general election. 8370: 8302: 8241: 8208: 8178: 6960:from the original on 1 June 2016 6620:. World Scientific. p. 80. 6587:Leong, Weng Kam (10 June 2016). 6228:Josey, Alex (15 February 2013). 6156:from the original on 16 May 2011 5682:Understanding Singapore Politics 5592:Rebuilding the Ancestral Village 4983: 4938: 4937: 4892: 4891: 4841: 4796: 4795: 4750: 4749: 4699: 4698: 4653: 4652: 4607: 4606: 4561: 4560: 4515: 4514: 4469: 4468: 4418: 4417: 4318: 4317: 4070: 4069: 4024: 4023: 3973: 3972: 2182:In January 1989, then President 1941:National University of Singapore 1889: 1877: 1480: 1114:and the older, more-experienced 1044:The longtime governing party of 483:Singapore's merger with Malaysia 40: 8432: 8423: 8169: 8136: 8109: 8083: 8053: 8026: 7961: 7928: 7901: 7871: 7808: 7781:Wong, Pei Ting (22 June 2024). 7774: 7754: 7717:Au-Yong, Rachel (14 May 2014). 7710: 7684: 7665:Chang, Rachel (18 March 2010). 7658: 7632: 7617: 7561: 7544: 7519: 7462: 7437: 7411: 7358: 7328: 7297: 7228: 7210: 7052: 7027: 6997: 6972: 6942: 6883: 6857: 6842: 6816: 6786: 6760: 6730: 6699: 6668: 6607: 6580: 6510: 6484: 6461: 6435: 6405: 6375: 6320: 6290: 6263: 6248: 6231:Lee Kuan Yew: The Crucial Years 6221: 6194: 6142: 6101: 6076: 6029: 5989: 5939: 5908: 5801: 5774: 5607:"Nation building reboot needed" 5577:Governing Global-City Singapore 1358:Young PAP and internet presence 1213: 1210:at a party caucus on 14 April. 1166:Minister for Trade and Industry 1016:Even so, the PAP still holds a 358:Our Lives, Our Jobs, Our Future 8826:Political parties in Singapore 8402: 8310:"Rajah quits as leader of PAP" 8090:Tee, Zhuo (10 November 2019). 7908:Roger Kerr (9 December 1999). 7667:"YP to close 2 Facebook pages" 7569:"More joining Young PAP: Zaqy" 7304:Koh Buck Song (4 April 1998). 6675:Seng, Kah (20 December 2014). 6614:Chew, Melanie (29 July 2015). 6518:"Who's Who – The Top 15 Names" 6387:National Archives of Singapore 5673: 5605:Lim, Benny (18 January 2017). 5598: 5590:Kuah-Pearce, Khun Eng (2010). 5583: 5568: 5553: 5547:Governance in the Asia-Pacific 5538: 4984: 4842: 2837:Assistant Secretaries-General 2186:in his opening address to the 1966:, as "semi-authoritarian" or " 1097:National Trades Union Congress 1034:Nominated Member of Parliament 808:National Trades Union Congress 553:government-linked corporations 531:. The party generally favours 1: 8917:Singapore Democratic Alliance 8641:10.1080/00358533.2023.2201056 8620:10.1080/00358533.2023.2201076 8599:10.1080/00358533.2016.1154383 8382:"Central Executive Committee" 8116:Faris Mokhtar (7 July 2020). 7968:Christopher Tremewan (1996). 7878:Kim, Anthony (2 March 2023). 7770:. 3 December 2002. p. 3. 6042:Journal of East Asian Studies 5781:Wan, Ming (17 October 2007). 5526: 4342: 2943:Current Members of Parliament 2770:19 years, 318 days 2734:11 years, 357 days 2423:12 years, 223 days 2341: 1080:According to a report to the 832:1961 Singaporean by-elections 575:. Socially, the PAP supports 503:the general elections in 1968 474:was soon expelled in 1961 by 147:Assistant Secretaries-General 9260:Conservative parties in Asia 8895:Democratic Progressive Party 8719:Resources in other libraries 8708:By People's Action Party 8700:Resources in other libraries 7845:Journal of Contemporary Asia 7557:. Singapore. 5 January 2008. 7527:"Getting out of apathy zone" 7103:10.1080/00472336.2012.634644 7091:Journal of Contemporary Asia 6924:. Cambridge Press. pp. 5827:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104915 5531: 5009: 4381: 4351: 4281: 4251: 4096: 3936: 3906: 3811:Tanjong Pagar – Tiong Bahru 2749: 2715: 2700:35 years, 25 days 2681: 2650: 2642:2 years, 255 days 2623: 2561: 2529: 2516:7 years, 175 days 2497: 2484:6 years, 180 days 2465: 2452:11 years, 93 days 2436: 2403: 2390:26 years, 45 days 2371: 2332: 2303:American brand of capitalism 2087:) in various sectors of the 2067:, known within Singapore as 757:Chinese middle schools riots 689:The PAP first contested the 653: 571:, in various sectors of the 16:Political party in Singapore 7: 9275:Social conservative parties 9180:Singapore People's Alliance 9045:Malayan Chinese Association 8990:National Party of Singapore 8192:. June 1976. Archived from 8190:Workers' Party of Singapore 7948:International Monetary Fund 6492:"Mr. Lim Sits on The Fence" 5752:"The Guilty Men – By Goode" 5497: 2779:Central Executive Committee 2589:List of secretaries-general 2582:1 year, 299 days 2188:7th Parliament of Singapore 2121:private-public partnerships 2115:) and development finance ( 2030:International Monetary Fund 1834:Central Executive Committee 1454: 1278:prime minister of Singapore 1261:Central Executive Committee 1136:government-linked companies 1122:and army colleagues in the 1075:Central Executive Committee 787:The PAP eventually won the 722:London Constitutional Talks 616:Prime Minister of Singapore 455:, alongside the opposition 370:Central Executive Committee 10: 9296: 9101:United Singapore Democrats 8934:Singapore Democratic Party 8635:, Vol. 112, Iss. 2, 2023. 8614:, Vol. 112, Iss. 2, 2023. 8593:, Vol. 105, Iss. 2, 2016. 8522:Jayakumar, Shashi (2021). 8473: 7190:Worthington, Ross (2002). 6127:10.1177/186810340902800402 6014:10.1177/186810341603500312 5947:"Singapore's Cadre System" 5658:10.1177/186810340902800402 5575:Tan, Kenneth Paul (2016). 5562:Rethinking the Third World 5003:Parliamentary by-elections 2548:4 years, 3 days 2024:organisations such as the 1981: 1350:PAP Seniors Group (PAP.SG) 1153:Third to fourth generation 1130:had more influence in the 1103:Second to third generation 1060:First to second generation 895: 829: 724:along with Chief Minister 602: 18: 9240:Political parties in Asia 9214:List of political parties 9193: 9142:Singapore Socialist Party 9109: 9052:Singapore Indian Congress 9030:Persantu Melayu Singapura 9024:People's Republican Party 8996:Pan-Malayan Islamic Party 8972: 8942:National Solidarity Party 8882: 8851: 8844: 8832: 8714:Resources in your library 8695:Resources in your library 8686:People's Action Party 8571:. Retrieved 15 July 2020. 8565:Federal Research Division 8489:. Pelanduk Publications. 8335:Yap, Lim & Leong 2010 8297:Yap, Lim & Leong 2010 8285:Yap, Lim & Leong 2010 8273:Yap, Lim & Leong 2010 8041:. Prime Minister's Office 7857:10.1080/00472330701408635 5639:Ortmann, Stephan (2009). 5549:. Routledge. p. 293. 5545:Goldblatt, David (2005). 5413: 5111: 5016:Seats contested by party 4856: 4714: 4433: 4358:Seats contested by party 4258:Seats contested by party 4159: 4103:Seats contested by party 3988: 3913:Seats contested by party 3850: 3795: 3750: 3695: 3640: 3585: 3540: 3495: 3440: 3385: 3340: 3295: 3250: 3205: 3176:Toa Payoh West – Thomson 3160: 2890: 2873: 2836: 2827:Deputy Secretary-General 2603: 2361: 2238:Views on other ideologies 2099:), aviation and defence ( 1473:Conservatism in Singapore 1335:Publicity and Publication 1198:, Minister for Education 1030:Constitution of Singapore 964:Communist Party of Malaya 865:Communist Party of Malaya 772:First years in government 742:Constitution of Singapore 695:University Socialist Club 403: 394: 389: 375: 363: 353: 345: 325: 277: 265: 257: 236: 226: 208: 167: 146: 136: 126: 114: 102: 94: 83: 78: 67: 62: 48: 39: 30: 9198:Progress Singapore Party 9069:Singapore National Front 8985:Malayan Democratic Party 8952:Singapore People's Party 8873:Progress Singapore Party 8555:10 December 2005 at the 8485:Goh, Cheng Teik (1994). 8122:South China Morning Post 7640:"Want to talk politics?" 5921:Harvard Political Review 5564:. Macmillan. p. 98. 5505:PAP Community Foundation 3627:Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim 3196:Toa Payoh East – Novena 2759:(born 10 February 1952) 2475:(born 18 November 1947) 2232:Progress Singapore Party 2071:, in order to jumpstart 2002:economic interventionism 1462:This article is part of 1449:social media influencers 1384:central party leadership 1317:Information and Feedback 1026:Liberal Democratic Party 943:A PAP election rally at 730:internal self-government 461:Progress Singapore Party 137:Deputy Secretary-General 9159:Malayan Communist Party 9154:Liberal Socialist Party 9081:United Democratic Party 9062:Malayan Indian Congress 9040:Singapore Chinese Party 8922:Singapore Justice Party 8837:Parliament of Singapore 8507:. Straits Times Press. 8384:. People's Action Party 8061:"Unnatural aristocrats" 7888:The Heritage Foundation 7815:Hussin Mutalib (2004). 7222:www.channelnewsasia.com 7193:Governance in Singapore 6954:singapore-elections.com 5680:Singh, Bilveer (2017). 5037:Constituency contested 4121:Constituency contested 3252:Holland–Bukit Timah GRC 3237:Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim 2874:Organising Secretaries 2539:(born 9 February 1959) 2507:(born 8 December 1952) 2443:(born 7 February 1940) 2311:Socialist International 2107:), telecommunications ( 2065:state-owned enterprises 1884:Conservatism portal 1338:Social and Recreational 1132:Singapore Civil Service 952:Parliament of Singapore 929:Democratic Action Party 639:colonial rule in Malaya 549:state-owned enterprises 453:Parliament of Singapore 327:Political position 244:Democratic Action Party 9280:Anti-communist parties 9196:Notes: The MPs of the 8957:Singapore United Party 8668:People's Action Party 8561:Country Studies Series 8008:National Library Board 7306:"The PAP cadre system" 7240:www.bloombergquint.com 6646:Tan Jing Quee (2001). 5019:Seats won by walkover 5013:Seats up for election 4361:Seats won by walkover 4355:Seats up for election 4261:Seats won by walkover 4255:Seats up for election 4100:Seats up for election 3916:Seats won by walkover 3910:Seats up for election 3327:Wan Rizal Wan Zakariah 3301:Kreta Ayer – Kim Seng 3186:Bishan East – Thomson 2746: 2712: 2678: 2620: 2558: 2526: 2494: 2462: 2433: 2400: 2270:. In 1987, as part of 2034:credit rating agencies 1604:Economic globalization 1353:PAP Policy Forum (PPF) 1314:Constituency Relations 1300:HQ Executive Committee 1234: 1226: 1194:, Minister for Health 1177:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 1124:Singapore Armed Forces 1089:President of Singapore 1040:Leadership transitions 947: 917:clash of personalities 892:Merger years 1963–1965 784: 619: 214:; 69 years ago 54: 9250:Politics of Singapore 9219:Politics of Singapore 9185:United People's Party 9096:United People's Front 9091:United National Front 8861:People's Action Party 8585:6 August 2020 at the 8378:People's Action Party 8253:People's Action Party 7692:"See you on Facebook" 7423:People's Action Party 7279:. Routledge. p. 6794:"Unlocking The Gates" 6591:. The Straits Times. 6255:Leong, Ching (2004). 5975:. Allen & Unwin. 5971:Lam, Peng Er (1999). 5857:. Routledge. p. 5723:. Routledge. p. 5560:Berger, Mark (2014). 5515:Politics of Singapore 5025:Contested seats lost 4382:Resulting government 4367:Contested seats lost 4282:Resulting government 4267:Contested seats lost 4109:Contested seats lost 3937:Resulting government 3922:Contested seats lost 3866:Ayer Rajah – Gek Poh 3841:Moulmein – Cairnhill 3642:Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC 3517:Shawn Huang Wei Zhong 3401:Ang Mo Kio – Hougang 3342:Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC 2745: 2711: 2677: 2619: 2571:(born 15 April 1961) 2557: 2525: 2493: 2461: 2432: 2399: 2226:, accused the PAP of 1829:People's Action Party 1432:2006 general election 1232: 1224:2011 general election 1221: 1022:dominant party system 991:1984 general election 956:1963 general election 942: 905:2018 general election 789:1959 general election 779: 691:1955 general election 648:National Service riot 633:were involved in the 610: 541:state interventionism 525:socially conservative 514:constituency of Anson 430:People's Action Party 408:Politics of Singapore 212:21 November 1954 55:Parti Tindakan Rakyat 33:People's Action Party 9202:Non-Constituency MPs 8900:People's Power Party 8196:on 17 September 2007 7495:Rodan, Gary (1996). 6853:. 12 September 2009. 6617:Leaders of Singapore 6468:Wong Hongyi (2009). 6207:. World Scientific. 5951:www.asiasentinel.com 5145:5 seats gained from 5071:7 seats gained from 5034:Outcome of election 5022:Contested seats won 4364:Contested seats won 4264:Contested seats won 4243:Malaysian Parliament 4118:Outcome of election 4106:Contested seats won 3919:Contested seats won 3898:Legislative Assembly 3662:Mohamed Sharael Taha 3411:Cheng San – Seletar 3272:Christopher de Souza 3162:Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC 2864:Assistant Treasurer 2319:indefinite detention 2299:rugged individualism 2264:Non-Aligned Movement 2145:Singaporean politics 2077:economic development 2058:British Labour Party 2022:economically liberal 1896:Singapore portal 1534:Lee Kuan Yew Thought 1159:Minister for Finance 1054:Cabinet of Singapore 863:, the leader of the 678:, Tann Wee Keng and 561:economic development 529:economically liberal 89:Makkaḷin Ceyal Kaṭci 84:மக்களின் செயல் கட்சி 73:Rénmín Xíngdòng Dǎng 8569:Library of Congress 8416:and the end of the 8414:Revolutions of 1989 7346:on 14 February 2011 7177:Library of Congress 7034:Loh, Kah S (2012). 6524:. 28 October 1956. 6474:Singapore Infopedia 6304:. 24 October 1954. 6054:10.1017/jea.2018.15 4348: 4248: 4228:1 seat gained from 3903: 3821:Henderson – Dawson 3247:Vivian Balakrishnan 2935:Vivian Balakrishnan 2725:(born 20 May 1941) 2323:political prisoners 2212:natural aristocracy 2151:of the PAP, namely 2089:Singaporean economy 1332:Political Education 1149:became PM in 2004. 1120:Ministry of Defence 1082:Library of Congress 1024:similar to Japan's 960:Operation Coldstore 826:Great Split of 1961 816:Operation Coldstore 686:and Tann Wee Keng. 573:Singaporean economy 551:, known locally as 537:Singapore's economy 470:party in 1954, the 297:Economic liberalism 292:Social conservatism 9175:Singaporeans First 9170:Singapore Congress 9035:Singapore Alliance 8891:People's Alliance 8665:has a profile for 8429:From 1954 to 1961. 8316:. 4 September 1957 8220:The New York Times 7070:on 1 November 2021 7011:. 15 August 1961. 6182:on 24 October 2007 5927:on 30 January 2018 4347: 4247: 3902: 3882:Rachel Ong Sin Yen 3776:Tampines Changkat 3701:Sembawang Central 3686:Pasir Ris Central 3466:Kampong Chai Chee 3407:Nadia Ahmad Samdin 3166:Toa Payoh Central 2997:Hong Kah North SMC 2817:Secretary-General 2747: 2713: 2679: 2621: 2559: 2527: 2495: 2463: 2434: 2401: 2315:Dutch Labour Party 2272:Operation Spectrum 2101:Singapore Airlines 2097:Keppel Corporation 1438:Friends of the PAP 1364:youth organisation 1292:and PAP Treasurer 1235: 1227: 1134:, the Cabinet and 948: 924:Tunku Abdul Rahman 913:PAP–UMNO relations 898:PAP-UMNO relations 820:trade union centre 785: 664:Abdul Samad Ismail 620: 9227: 9226: 9205: 9164:Progressive Party 8968: 8967: 8681:Library resources 8671: 8314:The Straits Times 8096:The Straits Times 8014:on 8 January 2024 7979:978-0-312-15865-1 7787:The Straits Times 7767:The Straits Times 7748:The Straits Times 7723:The Straits Times 7671:The Straits Times 7626:The Straits Times 7575:. 8 November 2010 7512:978-0-415-14865-8 7476:. 9 December 2000 7425:. 2 December 2011 7310:The Straits Times 7258:sg.news.yahoo.com 7203:978-0-7007-1474-2 7167:LePoer, Barbara. 7009:The Straits Times 6851:The Straits Times 6798:The Straits Times 6742:The Straits Times 6718:on 31 August 2017 6681:The Straits Times 6522:The Straits Times 6417:The Straits Times 6332:The Straits Times 6302:The Straits Times 5982:978-1-86508-172-4 5794:978-1-4833-0192-1 5756:The Straits Times 5702:ARI Working Paper 5611:The Straits Times 5495: 5494: 5369:Marine Parade GRC 5294:Telok Blangah SMC 5218:Kampong Kapor SMC 5152:Bukit Panjang SMC 5088:Chua Chu Kang SMC 5000: 4999: 4340: 4339: 4240: 4239: 4156:Tanjong Pagar SMC 4087: 4086: 3893:Electoral history 3890: 3889: 3797:Tanjong Pagar GRC 3786:Tampines Central 3652:Janil Puthucheary 3631:Nee Soon Central 3572:Mohd Fahmi Aliman 3556:Braddell Heights 3542:Marine Parade GRC 3511:Bukit Batok East 3227:Don Wee Boon Hong 3207:Chua Chu Kang GRC 2982:Bukit Panjang SMC 2940: 2939: 2776: 2775: 2728:15 November 1992 2697:14 November 1992 2663:3 September 1957 2636:21 November 1954 2586: 2585: 2574:26 November 2022 2545:26 November 2022 2542:23 November 2018 2513:23 November 2018 2446:1 September 1993 2384:21 November 1954 2203:, Prime Minister 2073:industrialisation 1994:economic ideology 1978:Economic policies 1953:Western democracy 1932: 1931: 1723:Lee (Hsien Loong) 1407:The Straits Times 1372:Janil Puthucheary 1341:Women's Wing (WW) 1109:Brigadier General 1086:popularly elected 882:Janil Puthucheary 581:civic nationalism 557:industrialisation 426: 425: 413:Political parties 303:Civic nationalism 237:Succeeded by 116:Secretary-General 9287: 9195: 9122:Democratic Party 8980:Barisan Sosialis 8849: 8848: 8824: 8823: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8789: 8788: 8780: 8779: 8778: 8768: 8767: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8747: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8669: 8659: 8658: 8537: 8518: 8467: 8464: 8451: 8448: 8439: 8436: 8430: 8427: 8421: 8410:Barisan Sosialis 8406: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8353: 8347: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8275:, p. 55-57. 8270: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8182: 8176: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8010:. Archived from 7995: 7984: 7983: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7941: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7840: 7831: 7830: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7743: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7646:. 24 August 2001 7636: 7630: 7629: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7595:"Mickey Unbound" 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7503:Psychology Press 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7278: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7260:. 14 April 2022. 7250: 7244: 7243: 7242:. 14 April 2022. 7232: 7226: 7225: 7224:. 14 April 2022. 7214: 7208: 7207: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7164: 7153: 7152: 7124: 7115: 7114: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6923: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6826:. Archived from 6820: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6768:"LEE IS PREMIER" 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6714:. Archived from 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6643: 6632: 6631: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6567: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6480:on 28 July 2009. 6470:"Lim Chin Siong" 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6419:. 3 April 1955. 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6389:. 3 April 1955. 6379: 6373: 6372: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6334:. 12 July 1955. 6328:"The PAP bosses" 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6129: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6088:www.heritage.org 6080: 6074: 6073: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6016: 6007:(3): 204. 2016. 5993: 5987: 5986: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5923:. Archived from 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5895: 5888: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5856: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5829: 5805: 5799: 5798: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5748: 5739: 5738: 5722: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5697: 5686: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5660: 5636: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5542: 5454:Punggol East SMC 5284:Potong Pasir SMC 5269:Geylang West SMC 5007: 5006: 4987: 4986: 4979: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4895: 4894: 4887: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4799: 4798: 4791: 4753: 4752: 4745: 4702: 4701: 4694: 4656: 4655: 4648: 4610: 4609: 4602: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4472: 4471: 4464: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4370:Total seats won 4349: 4346: 4321: 4320: 4313: 4270:Total seats won 4249: 4246: 4094: 4093: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4027: 4026: 4019: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3925:Total seats won 3904: 3901: 3747:Masagos Zulkifli 3656:Pasir Ris Coast 3192:Saktiandi Supaat 3132:Yio Chu Kang SMC 3102:Punggol West SMC 3087:Potong Pasir SMC 2947: 2946: 2811:Masagos Zulkifli 2786: 2785: 2762:7 November 2004 2754: 2731:6 November 2004 2720: 2694:20 October 1957 2686: 2628: 2593: 2592: 2566: 2534: 2502: 2478:3 December 2004 2470: 2449:3 December 2004 2408: 2376: 2351: 2350: 2347:List of chairmen 2169:communitarianism 2111:), real estate ( 2018:economic freedom 2000:, and pragmatic 1998:welfare spending 1988:Temasek Holdings 1924: 1917: 1910: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1864:Temasek Holdings 1663:Drug prohibition 1484: 1474: 1459: 1458: 987:1981 by-election 945:Tampines Stadium 877:Barisan Sosialis 871:Barisan Sosialis 781:The Sunday Times 765:Barisan Sosialis 577:communitarianism 497:. Following the 481:in the midst of 399: 384: 349:White, red, blue 227:Preceded by 222: 220: 215: 131:Masagos Zulkifli 117: 86: 85: 70: 69: 57: 44: 28: 27: 9295: 9294: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9209:Politics Portal 9189: 9132:Kesatuan Melayu 9117:Citizens' Party 9105: 9075:Socialist Front 8964: 8884: 8878: 8853: 8840: 8828: 8818: 8816: 8786: 8776: 8774: 8762: 8752: 8750: 8742: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8723: 8705: 8704: 8689: 8688: 8684: 8677: 8676: 8675: 8660: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8633:The Round Table 8612:The Round Table 8591:The Round Table 8587:Wayback Machine 8557:Wayback Machine 8540: 8534: 8515: 8476: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8454: 8449: 8442: 8437: 8433: 8428: 8424: 8407: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8375: 8371: 8363: 8356: 8348: 8341: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8308: 8307: 8303: 8295: 8291: 8283: 8279: 8271: 8267: 8257: 8255: 8247: 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8222:. 1 June 1976. 8214: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8174: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8114: 8110: 8100: 8098: 8088: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8000:"Shared Values" 7998:Tin Seng, Lim. 7996: 7987: 7980: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7939: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7916:on 7 March 2006 7906: 7902: 7892: 7890: 7876: 7872: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7779: 7775: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7744: 7737: 7727: 7725: 7715: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7663: 7659: 7649: 7647: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7601:. 1 July 1995. 7593: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7533: 7531:www.asiaone.com 7525: 7524: 7520: 7513: 7505:. p. 101. 7493: 7489: 7479: 7477: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7449:www.asiaone.com 7443: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7364: 7363: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7269: 7265: 7252: 7251: 7247: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7216: 7215: 7211: 7204: 7188: 7184: 7165: 7156: 7141:10.2307/2644306 7125: 7118: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7032: 7028: 7018: 7016: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6833: 6831: 6830:on 1 April 2009 6822: 6821: 6817: 6807: 6805: 6800:. 3 June 1959. 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6749: 6744:. 31 May 1959. 6736: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6644: 6635: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6598: 6596: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6554: 6548: 6541: 6531: 6529: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6501: 6499: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6394: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6253: 6249: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6157: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6034: 6030: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5983: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5847: 5843: 5814:Research Policy 5806: 5802: 5795: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5758:. 17 May 1955. 5750: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5713: 5709: 5698: 5689: 5678: 5674: 5637: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5603: 5599: 5588: 5584: 5573: 5569: 5558: 5554: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5500: 5490:Bukit Batok SMC 5447:1 seat lost to 5415:Lee Hsien Loong 5326:1 seat lost to 5292: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5274:Mountbatten SMC 5272: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5083:Bukit Timah SMC 5081: 5080: 5078:Bukit Merah SMC 5031:Share of votes 4980: 4977: 4934: 4931: 4888: 4885: 4858:Lee Hsien Loong 4838: 4835: 4792: 4789: 4746: 4743: 4695: 4692: 4649: 4646: 4603: 4600: 4557: 4554: 4511: 4508: 4465: 4462: 4414: 4411: 4379:Share of votes 4345: 4314: 4311: 4279:Share of votes 4245: 4197: 4196: 4115:Share of votes 4066: 4063: 4020: 4017: 3969: 3966: 3934:Share of votes 3900: 3895: 3766:Tampines North 3731:Sembawang West 3666:Pasir Ris East 3646:Pasir Ris West 3601:Nee Soon South 3531:Jurong Central 3486:Changi – Simei 3382:Lee Hsien Loong 3297:Jalan Besar GRC 3182:Chong Kee Hiong 3057:Mountbatten SMC 2945: 2821:Lee Hsien Loong 2781: 2758: 2752: 2724: 2718: 2690: 2684: 2660:13 August 1957 2656: 2632: 2626: 2607:Time in office 2604:Term of office 2600: 2591: 2570: 2564: 2538: 2532: 2506: 2500: 2474: 2468: 2442: 2420: 2416:5 January 1981 2412: 2406: 2387:5 January 1981 2380: 2374: 2365:Time in office 2362:Term of office 2358: 2349: 2344: 2335: 2313:(SI) after the 2307:socialist party 2293:. According to 2291:nationalisation 2276:communist state 2268:Capitalist Bloc 2240: 2205:Lee Hsien Loong 2171:. The PAP also 2137: 2135:Social policies 2093:Sembcorp Marine 2081:economic growth 1990: 1980: 1937: 1935:Asian democracy 1928: 1890: 1888: 1878: 1876: 1869: 1868: 1849: 1841: 1840: 1824: 1816: 1815: 1801: 1793: 1792: 1783:Wong (Lawrence) 1778:Wong (Kan Seng) 1713:Goh (Keng Swee) 1708:Goh (Chok Tong) 1693: 1685: 1684: 1668:Judicial caning 1579: 1571: 1570: 1492: 1472: 1457: 1440: 1376:Lee Hsien Loong 1360: 1302: 1273: 1216: 1188:Lee Hsien Loong 1155: 1147:Lee Hsien Loong 1112:Lee Hsien Loong 1105: 1062: 1042: 937: 900: 894: 873: 834: 828: 793:self-government 774: 656: 605: 565:economic growth 543:reminiscent of 472:leftist faction 441:political party 422: 395: 385: 382: 338: 334: 321: 310: 299: 248: 218: 216: 213: 204: 163: 121:Lee Hsien Loong 115: 87: 71: 35: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9293: 9283: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9059: 9049: 9048: 9047: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9013:People's Front 9010: 9005: 9004: 9003: 9001:Angkatan Islam 8993: 8987: 8982: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8954: 8949: 8947:Red Dot United 8944: 8938:The Coalition 8936: 8931: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8888: 8886: 8883:Unrepresented 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8870: 8867:Workers' Party 8864: 8857: 8855: 8846: 8842: 8841: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8815: 8814: 8807: 8800: 8792: 8785: 8784: 8772: 8760: 8740: 8739: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8710: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8679: 8678: 8661: 8654: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8649:External links 8647: 8645: 8644: 8624: 8623: 8603: 8602: 8572: 8546: 8545: 8544: 8543:Online sources 8539: 8538: 8532: 8519: 8513: 8498: 8482: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8452: 8440: 8431: 8422: 8400: 8399: 8396: 8395: 8369: 8367:, p. 712. 8365:Jayakumar 2021 8354: 8352:, p. 710. 8350:Jayakumar 2021 8339: 8337:, p. 111. 8327: 8301: 8299:, p. 100. 8289: 8277: 8265: 8240: 8207: 8177: 8168: 8135: 8108: 8082: 8052: 8025: 8004:www.nlb.gov.sg 7985: 7978: 7960: 7927: 7900: 7870: 7851:(3): 292–308. 7832: 7825: 7807: 7773: 7753: 7735: 7709: 7683: 7657: 7631: 7616: 7586: 7560: 7543: 7518: 7511: 7487: 7461: 7436: 7410: 7403: 7383: 7357: 7327: 7296: 7289: 7263: 7245: 7227: 7209: 7202: 7182: 7173:Countrystudies 7154: 7116: 7081: 7051: 7045:978-9089644091 7044: 7026: 6996: 6989: 6971: 6941: 6934: 6908: 6882: 6856: 6841: 6815: 6785: 6759: 6729: 6698: 6667: 6660: 6633: 6626: 6606: 6579: 6539: 6509: 6483: 6460: 6434: 6404: 6374: 6368:978-9814266512 6367: 6349: 6319: 6289: 6282: 6262: 6247: 6240: 6220: 6213: 6193: 6167: 6141: 6100: 6075: 6048:(2): 129–156. 6028: 5988: 5981: 5963: 5938: 5907: 5874: 5867: 5841: 5800: 5793: 5773: 5740: 5733: 5707: 5687: 5672: 5628: 5597: 5582: 5567: 5552: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5223:Ulu Pandan SMC 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5162:Jalan Kayu SMC 5149: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5108:Paya Lebar SMC 5075: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5005: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4996:Supermajority 4994: 4991: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4951:Supermajority 4949: 4946: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4905:Supermajority 4903: 4900: 4897: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4854:Supermajority 4852: 4849: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4809:Supermajority 4807: 4804: 4801: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4763:Supermajority 4761: 4758: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4712:Supermajority 4710: 4707: 4704: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4666:Supermajority 4664: 4661: 4658: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4620:Supermajority 4618: 4615: 4612: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4574:Won all seats 4572: 4569: 4566: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4528:Won all seats 4526: 4523: 4520: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4482:Won all seats 4480: 4477: 4474: 4466: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4431:Won all seats 4429: 4426: 4423: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4083:Supermajority 4081: 4078: 4075: 4067: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4037:Supermajority 4035: 4032: 4029: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3886:Telok Blangah 3884: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3852:West Coast GRC 3849: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3809: 3807:Indranee Rajah 3803: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3792:Chan Chun Sing 3788: 3787: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3756:Tampines West 3754: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3676:Punggol Shore 3674: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3621:Nee Soon East 3619: 3613: 3612: 3611:Nee Soon Link 3609: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3576:Geylang Serai 3574: 3568: 3567: 3566:Marine Parade 3564: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3552:Seah Kian Peng 3548: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3521:Jurong Spring 3519: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3442:East Coast GRC 3439: 3437:Heng Swee Keat 3433: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3387:Ang Mo Kio GRC 3384: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3211:Choa Chu Kang 3209: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3052:Lim Biow Chuan 3048: 3047: 3044: 3039: 3037:Gan Siow Huang 3033: 3032: 3029: 3027:MacPherson SMC 3024: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3012:Kebun Baru SMC 3009: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2907:Indranee Rajah 2903: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841:Chan Chun Sing 2838: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2807:Vice-Chairman 2804: 2803: 2801:Heng Swee Keat 2798: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2748: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2714: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2680: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639:3 August 1957 2637: 2634: 2622: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2601:(birth–death) 2597: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2560: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2528: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2496: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2464: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2435: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2419:16 August 1993 2417: 2414: 2402: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359:(birth–death) 2355: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325:, alluding to 2295:Chan Heng Chee 2239: 2236: 2224:Lee Hsien Yang 2201:Fareed Zakaria 2161:multiracialism 2136: 2133: 2131:industries. 2125:petrochemicals 2105:ST Engineering 1979: 1976: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1912: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1886: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1848:Related topics 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1758:Shanmugaratnam 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1728:Lee (Kuan Yew) 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1650: 1645: 1643:Multiracialism 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1584:Anti-communism 1580: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1468: 1467: 1456: 1453: 1439: 1436: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1301: 1298: 1272: 1269: 1215: 1212: 1200:Chan Chun Sing 1184:Prime Minister 1169:Chan Chun Sing 1162:Heng Swee Keat 1154: 1151: 1104: 1101: 1061: 1058: 1041: 1038: 1003:Workers' Party 936: 933: 921:Prime Minister 893: 890: 872: 869: 861:Fong Chong Pik 827: 824: 797:Prime Minister 773: 770: 738:anti-communist 726:David Marshall 715:David Marshall 703:Lim Chin Siong 680:Tann Wee Tiong 676:Fong Swee Suan 655: 652: 604: 601: 499:1965 agreement 476:Prime Minister 457:Workers' Party 424: 423: 421: 420: 415: 410: 404: 401: 400: 392: 391: 387: 386: 381: 379: 373: 372: 367: 365:Governing body 361: 360: 355: 351: 350: 347: 343: 342: 329: 323: 322: 320: 319: 317:Anti-communism 314: 305: 300: 294: 289: 283: 281: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 247: 246: 240: 238: 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 200:... and others 197: 195:Lim Chin Siong 192: 187: 182: 177: 171: 169: 165: 164: 162: 161: 156: 154:Chan Chun Sing 150: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 109:Heng Swee Keat 106: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 80: 76: 75: 64: 60: 59: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9292: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9025: 9022: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9008:Partai Rakyat 9006: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8994: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8905:Peoples Voice 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8885:in Parliament 8881: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8865: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8854:in Parliament 8850: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8838: 8831: 8827: 8822: 8813: 8808: 8806: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8783: 8773: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8759: 8749: 8748: 8745: 8737: 8727: 8726: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8673: 8672: 8664: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8573: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8535: 8533:9789813251281 8529: 8526:. NUS Press. 8525: 8520: 8516: 8514:9789814266512 8510: 8506: 8505: 8499: 8496: 8495:967-978-475-4 8492: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8477: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8447: 8445: 8435: 8426: 8419: 8415: 8412:in 1988, the 8411: 8405: 8401: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8366: 8361: 8359: 8351: 8346: 8344: 8336: 8331: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8298: 8293: 8287:, p. 99. 8286: 8281: 8274: 8269: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8172: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8112: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8070: 8066: 8065:The Economist 8062: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7981: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7949: 7945: 7938: 7931: 7915: 7911: 7904: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7874: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7837: 7828: 7826:981-210-408-9 7822: 7818: 7811: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7777: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7757: 7749: 7742: 7740: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7698:. 9 July 2008 7697: 7693: 7687: 7672: 7668: 7661: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7620: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7590: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7556: 7555: 7554:The New Paper 7547: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7514: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7491: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7406: 7404:9789971693770 7400: 7396: 7395: 7387: 7372:on 6 May 2006 7371: 7367: 7361: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7315: 7312:. Singapore. 7311: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7290:0-415-24653-9 7286: 7282: 7277: 7276: 7267: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7205: 7199: 7196:. Routledge. 7195: 7194: 7186: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7123: 7121: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7085: 7069: 7065: 7064:The Economist 7061: 7055: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7030: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7000: 6992: 6990:9789833782864 6986: 6982: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6937: 6935:9780521855266 6931: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6912: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6852: 6845: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6663: 6661:983-9602-14-4 6657: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6627:9789814719452 6623: 6619: 6618: 6610: 6594: 6590: 6583: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6546: 6544: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6497: 6493: 6487: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6413:"The Results" 6408: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6285: 6283:9789814561761 6279: 6275: 6274: 6266: 6258: 6251: 6243: 6241:9789814435499 6237: 6233: 6232: 6224: 6216: 6214:9789814291392 6210: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6137: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6104: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5984: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5911: 5892: 5885: 5882:Rodan, Gary. 5878: 5870: 5868:0-415-24653-9 5864: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5845: 5837: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5820:(2): 104915. 5819: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5796: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5777: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5745: 5736: 5734:0-415-24653-9 5730: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5711: 5703: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5683: 5676: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5586: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5556: 5548: 5541: 5537: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5374:Goh Chok Tong 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365:4 seats hold 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5290: 5289:Sembawang SMC 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5262: 5260:7 seats hold 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5204:5 seats hold 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5098:Joo Chiat SMC 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5040:Party leader 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4890: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4794: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4748: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4716:Goh Chok Tong 4711: 4708: 4705: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4651: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4605: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4559: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4513: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4467: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4385:Party leader 4384: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4316: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4285:Party leader 4284: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4124:Party leader 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4022: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3971: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3940:Party leader 3939: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3763: 3762:Baey Yam Keng 3760: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3738: 3737:Mariam Jaafar 3735: 3734: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3697:Sembawang GRC 3693: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3643: 3638: 3637:Teo Chee Hean 3635: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3507:Rahayu Mahzam 3505: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3427:Gan Thiam Poh 3425: 3424: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3337:Lawrence Wong 3335: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3321:Kampong Glam 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3308: 3307:Heng Chee How 3305: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3293: 3292:Josephine Teo 3290: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3221:Bukit Gombak 3220: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3173: 3172:Chee Hong Tat 3170: 3169: 3165: 3163: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3117:Radin Mas SMC 3115: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3082:Sitoh Yih Pin 3080: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3042:Marymount SMC 3040: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977:Liang Eng Hwa 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2962:Murali Pillai 2960: 2959: 2955: 2953:Constituency 2952: 2949: 2948: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2914:Josephine Teo 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2831:Lawrence Wong 2829: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2666:21 days 2665: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2339: 2330: 2328: 2327:Chia Thye Poh 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220:38 Oxley Road 2217: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020:published by 2019: 2015: 2014:civil society 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945:Asian culture 1942: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1823:Organisations 1820: 1819: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1800:Intellectuals 1797: 1796: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1658:Death penalty 1656: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1638:Law and order 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1628:Family values 1626: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1524:Communitarian 1522: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1507:Authoritarian 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1497:Authoritarian 1495: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1452: 1450: 1444: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1428:Josephine Teo 1425: 1424:Baey Yam Keng 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1323:Malay Affairs 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1254:Wong Kan Seng 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1231: 1225: 1220: 1211: 1209: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Lawrence Wong 1189: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1173:Teo Chee Hean 1170: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1143:Goh Chok Tong 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Goh Chok Tong 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116:Goh Chok Tong 1113: 1110: 1100: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:supermajority 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 946: 941: 932: 930: 925: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 899: 889: 887: 883: 878: 868: 866: 862: 856: 852: 850: 846: 841: 839: 833: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 782: 778: 769: 766: 760: 758: 754: 750: 745: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 668:Toh Chin Chye 665: 661: 651: 649: 645: 644:S. Rajaratnam 640: 636: 635:Malayan Forum 632: 631:Goh Keng Swee 628: 627:Toh Chin Chye 624: 617: 613: 609: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 506: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 477: 473: 469: 464: 462: 459:(WP) and the 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 439: 436:) is a major 435: 431: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 405: 402: 398: 393: 388: 380: 378: 374: 371: 368: 366: 362: 359: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 333: 330: 328: 324: 318: 315: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 282: 280: 276: 273: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 245: 242: 241: 239: 235: 232: 231:Malayan Forum 229: 225: 211: 207: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 190:S. Rajaratnam 188: 186: 185:Toh Chin Chye 183: 181: 180:Goh Keng Swee 178: 176: 173: 172: 170: 166: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 149: 145: 142: 141:Lawrence Wong 139: 135: 132: 129: 127:Vice Chairman 125: 122: 119: 113: 110: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 81: 77: 74: 65: 61: 58: 56: 51: 47: 43: 38: 29: 26: 22: 9149:Labour Party 9137:Labour Front 8910:Reform Party 8860: 8852:Represented 8834: 8758:Conservatism 8707: 8685: 8667: 8632: 8627:James Chin, 8611: 8606:James Chin, 8590: 8577: 8574:James Chin, 8523: 8503: 8486: 8434: 8425: 8404: 8386:. Retrieved 8377: 8372: 8330: 8318:. Retrieved 8313: 8304: 8292: 8280: 8268: 8256:. Retrieved 8252: 8243: 8231:. Retrieved 8219: 8210: 8198:. Retrieved 8194:the original 8180: 8171: 8159:. Retrieved 8148: 8138: 8126:. Retrieved 8121: 8111: 8099:. Retrieved 8095: 8085: 8073:. Retrieved 8064: 8055: 8043:. Retrieved 8038: 8028: 8016:. Retrieved 8012:the original 8003: 7969: 7963: 7951:. Retrieved 7943: 7930: 7918:. Retrieved 7914:the original 7903: 7891:. Retrieved 7884:heritage.org 7883: 7873: 7848: 7844: 7816: 7810: 7798:. Retrieved 7786: 7776: 7765: 7756: 7750:. Singapore. 7747: 7726:. Retrieved 7722: 7712: 7700:. Retrieved 7695: 7686: 7674:. Retrieved 7670: 7660: 7648:. Retrieved 7643: 7634: 7625: 7619: 7607:. Retrieved 7598: 7589: 7577:. Retrieved 7572: 7563: 7552: 7546: 7534:. Retrieved 7530: 7521: 7497: 7490: 7478:. Retrieved 7473: 7464: 7452:. Retrieved 7448: 7439: 7427:. Retrieved 7422: 7413: 7393: 7386: 7374:. Retrieved 7370:the original 7360: 7348:. Retrieved 7344:the original 7339: 7330: 7318:. Retrieved 7309: 7299: 7274: 7266: 7257: 7248: 7239: 7230: 7221: 7212: 7192: 7185: 7172: 7132: 7129:Asian Survey 7128: 7097:(1): 67–92. 7094: 7090: 7084: 7074:11 September 7072:. Retrieved 7068:the original 7063: 7054: 7035: 7029: 7019:18 September 7017:. Retrieved 7008: 6999: 6980: 6974: 6962:. Retrieved 6953: 6944: 6919: 6911: 6899:. Retrieved 6885: 6873:. Retrieved 6859: 6850: 6844: 6834:12 September 6832:. Retrieved 6828:the original 6818: 6806:. Retrieved 6797: 6788: 6776:. Retrieved 6762: 6750:. Retrieved 6741: 6732: 6720:. Retrieved 6716:the original 6711: 6701: 6689:. Retrieved 6680: 6670: 6647: 6616: 6609: 6597:. Retrieved 6582: 6570:. Retrieved 6558: 6530:. Retrieved 6521: 6512: 6500:. Retrieved 6486: 6478:the original 6473: 6463: 6451:. Retrieved 6437: 6425:. Retrieved 6416: 6407: 6395:. Retrieved 6386: 6377: 6358: 6352: 6342:18 September 6340:. Retrieved 6331: 6322: 6310:. Retrieved 6301: 6292: 6272: 6265: 6256: 6250: 6230: 6223: 6203: 6196: 6184:. Retrieved 6180:the original 6170: 6158:. Retrieved 6144: 6120:(4): 23–46. 6117: 6113: 6103: 6091:. Retrieved 6087: 6078: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6004: 6000: 5991: 5972: 5966: 5954:. Retrieved 5950: 5941: 5929:. Retrieved 5925:the original 5920: 5910: 5898:. Retrieved 5877: 5852: 5844: 5817: 5813: 5803: 5787:. CQ Press. 5783: 5776: 5764:. Retrieved 5755: 5718: 5710: 5701: 5681: 5675: 5651:(4): 23–46. 5648: 5644: 5619:. Retrieved 5610: 5600: 5591: 5585: 5576: 5570: 5561: 5555: 5546: 5540: 5486:1 seat hold 5279:Nee Soon SMC 5213:Havelock SMC 5167:Tampines SMC 5157:Havelock SMC 5113:Lee Kuan Yew 5093:Crawford SMC 5028:Total votes 4435:Lee Kuan Yew 4376:Total votes 4335:Lee Kuan Yew 4276:Total votes 4235:Hong Lim SMC 4199:Hong Lim SMC 4161:Lee Kuan Yew 4152:1 seat hold 4112:Total votes 3990:Lee Kuan Yew 3931:Total votes 3872:Ang Wei Neng 3817:Joan Pereira 3801:Buona Vista 3782:Koh Poh Koon 3772:Desmond Choo 3752:Tampines GRC 3717:Lim Wee Kiak 3672:Yeo Wan Ling 3587:Nee Soon GRC 3582:K. Shanmugam 3562:Tan See Leng 3527:Xie Yao Quan 3462:Tan Kiat How 3452:Maliki Osman 3417:Ng Ling Ling 3397:Darryl David 3362:Zaqy Mohamad 3266:Bukit Timah 3217:Low Yen Ling 3202:Gan Kim Yong 3127:Yip Hon Weng 3022:Tin Pei Ling 2928:Tan See Leng 2921:Ng Chee Meng 2858:K. Shanmugam 2782: 2765: 2750: 2716: 2682: 2651: 2624: 2577: 2562: 2530: 2510:1 June 2011 2498: 2481:1 June 2011 2466: 2437: 2404: 2372: 2336: 2284: 2241: 2209:Jeffersonian 2198: 2181: 2165:Asian values 2138: 2129:oil refining 2085:job creation 2079:and lead to 2075:, spearhead 2062: 2050: 1991: 1972:Singaporeans 1961: 1957:Lee Kuan Yew 1949:Confucianism 1938: 1828: 1698:Balakrishnan 1680:Social order 1633:Filial piety 1599:Confucianism 1589:Asian values 1445: 1441: 1420:Lui Tuck Yew 1405: 1403: 1392: 1388:Zaqy Mohamad 1361: 1306: 1303: 1294:Ong Eng Guan 1290:Lee Kuan Yew 1286: 1282: 1274: 1265: 1258: 1247: 1236: 1214:Organisation 1204: 1181: 1156: 1140: 1106: 1093: 1079: 1072: 1067:Lee Kuan Yew 1063: 1043: 1015: 968: 949: 901: 874: 857: 853: 845:Ong Eng Guan 842: 835: 805: 786: 780: 761: 746: 734:Lim Yew Hock 719: 711:Labour Front 699:Lee Kuan Yew 688: 684:Ong Eng Guan 657: 623:Lee Kuan Yew 621: 614:, the first 612:Lee Kuan Yew 569:job creation 567:, primarily 563:and lead to 559:, spearhead 522: 507: 495:centre-right 479:Lee Kuan Yew 465: 445:centre-right 438:conservative 433: 429: 427: 357: 335: 332:Centre-right 311: 287:Conservatism 258:Headquarters 199: 175:Lee Kuan Yew 95:Abbreviation 88: 72: 63:Chinese name 52: 25: 8578:Kiasi/Kiasu 8249:"Our Party" 8161:21 November 8124:. Bloomberg 7728:6 September 7702:6 September 7676:7 September 7650:6 September 7579:6 September 7536:6 September 7480:6 September 7454:6 September 7429:25 December 7350:16 December 6712:New Mandala 6186:19 February 6160:19 February 6093:18 November 5621:19 November 5410:Hougang SMC 5228:Whampoa SMC 5172:Thomson SMC 4331:Opposition 3986:Opposition 3862:Foo Mee Har 3847:Desmond Lee 3831:Queenstown 3707:Vikram Nair 3692:Ong Ye Kung 3682:Desmond Tan 3607:Derrick Goh 3591:Chong Pang 3492:Tan Wu Meng 3482:Jessica Tan 3472:Cheryl Chan 3421:Jalan Kayu 3331:Kolam Ayer 3317:Denise Phua 3282:Edward Chia 3276:Ulu Pandan 3112:Melvin Yong 3097:Sun Xueling 3072:Pioneer SMC 3067:Patrick Tay 2967:Bukit Batok 2900:Cheryl Chan 2868:Ong Ye Kung 2848:Desmond Lee 2755:Hsien Loong 2653:T. T. Rajah 2409:Teng Cheong 2280:centre-left 2193:white paper 2184:Wee Kim Wee 2157:meritocracy 2083:(primarily 2060:policies". 2010:meritocracy 2006:free-market 2004:. 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