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1950:
4002:
1178:
1700:
3331:
1000:
2480:
1541:
3193:
4474:
4844:«In one of his elaborate orations in the United States Senate Mr. Charles Sumner spoke of "the generous presumption of the common law in favor of the innocence of an accused person;" yet it must be admitted that such a presumption cannot be found in Anglo-Saxon law, where sometimes the presumption seems to have been the other way. And in a very recent case in the Supreme Court of the United States, the case of Coffin, 156 U. S. 432, it is pointed out that this presumption was fully established in the Roman law, and was preserved in the canon law.»
67:
4040:
4629:, who sought to make clear the differences and connections between positive law, which lawyers learn and apply, and other forms of 'law' or social norms that regulate everyday life, generally preventing conflicts from reaching lawyers and courts. Contemporary research in the sociology of law is concerned with the way that law develops outside discrete state jurisdictions, being produced through social interaction in social arenas, and acquiring a diversity of sources of authority in national and transnational communal networks.
2691:
2359:
2981:
16977:
13767:
4689:
1384:
16941:
15055:
13781:
3161:
2582:
15065:
16966:
4633:
3872:
3652:
1560:
1137:. Hart argued law is a system of rules, divided into primary (rules of conduct) and secondary ones (rules addressed to officials to administer primary rules). Secondary rules are further divided into rules of adjudication (to resolve legal disputes), rules of change (allowing laws to be varied) and the rule of recognition (allowing laws to be identified as valid). Two of Hart's students continued the debate: In his book
2755:
16953:
4581:, where a noisy sweetmaker and a quiet doctor were neighbours and went to court to see who should have to move. Coase said that regardless of whether the judge ruled that the sweetmaker had to stop using his machinery, or that the doctor had to put up with it, they could strike a mutually beneficial bargain about who moves that reaches the same outcome of resource distribution. Only the existence of
4022:
is held by people known as beneficiaries. Trustees owe duties to their beneficiaries to take good care of the entrusted property. Another example of a trustee's duty might be to invest property wisely or sell it. This is especially the case for pension funds, the most important form of trust, where investors are trustees for people's savings until retirement. But trusts can also be set up for
4296:
1615:, was chosen to adjudicate. Decisions were not published in any systematic way, so any case law that developed was disguised and almost unrecognised. Each case was to be decided afresh from the laws of the State, which mirrors the (theoretical) unimportance of judges' decisions for future cases in civil law systems today. From 529 to 534 AD the
2190:, which is present in common law legal systems, especially in the US, and argumentative theories that occur in both systems. The latter are different rules (directives) of legal interpretation such as directives of linguistic interpretation, teleological interpretation or systemic interpretation as well as more specific rules, for instance,
5163:
3726:) means that the personal obligation of contract forms separately from the title of property being conferred. When contracts are invalidated for some reason (e.g. a car buyer is so drunk that he lacks legal capacity to contract) the contractual obligation to pay can be invalidated separately from the proprietary title of the car.
8765:
8310:
3979:, is that it is a right good against the world. Obligations, like contracts and torts, are conceptualised as rights good between individuals. The idea of property raises many further philosophical and political issues. Locke argued that our "lives, liberties and estates" are our property because we own our bodies and
3388:, and the state may do nothing except that which is authorised by law. Administrative law is the chief method for people to hold state bodies to account. People (wheresoever allowed) may potentially have prerogative to legally challenge (or sue) an agency, local council, public service, or government ministry for
4021:
than rigid rules. Whereas neither the common law nor civil law systems allow people to split the ownership from the control of one piece of property, equity allows this through an arrangement known as a trust. Trustees control property whereas the beneficial, or equitable, ownership of trust property
3249:
as the primary UN judicial organ) lack the capacity to penalise disobedience. The prevailing manner of enforcing international law is still essentially "self help"; that is the reaction by states to alleged breaches of international obligations by other states. However, a few bodies, such as the WTO,
2566:
in each house. Normally there will be several readings and amendments proposed by the different political factions. If a country has an entrenched constitution, a special majority for changes to the constitution may be required, making changes to the law more difficult. A government usually leads the
868:
But what, after all, is a law? When I say that the object of laws is always general, I mean that law considers subjects en masse and actions in the abstract, and never a particular person or action. On this view, we at once see that it can no longer be asked whose business it is to make laws, since
4647:
defined his "scientific" approach to law, identifying the "legal rational form" as a type of domination, not attributable to personal authority but to the authority of abstract norms. Formal legal rationality was his term for the key characteristic of the kind of coherent and calculable law that was
4448:
deals with all regulations and technical standards applicable to the safe operation of aircraft, and is an essential part both of pilots' training and pilot's operations. It is framed by national civil aviation acts (or laws), themselves mostly aligned with the recommendations or mandatory standards
1498:
at the expense of private law rights. Due to rapid industrialisation, today China is undergoing a process of reform, at least in terms of economic, if not social and political, rights. A new contract code in 1999 represented a move away from administrative domination. Furthermore, after negotiations
923:
said that it is obvious that it is impossible to define the word "law" and that it is also equally obvious that the struggle to define that word should not ever be abandoned. It is possible to take the view that there is no need to define the word "law" (e.g. "let's forget about generalities and get
4593:
solution. The idea is that law and regulation are not as important or effective at helping people as lawyers and government planners believe. Coase and others like him wanted a change of approach, to put the burden of proof for positive effects on a government that was intervening in the market, by
2915:
Many Muslim countries have developed similar rules about legal education and the legal profession, but some still allow lawyers with training in traditional
Islamic law to practice law before personal status law courts. In China and other developing countries there are not sufficient professionally
2829:
Writing in the early 20th century, Max Weber believed that a definitive feature of a developed state had come to be its bureaucratic support. Weber wrote that the typical characteristics of modern bureaucracy are that officials define its mission, the scope of work is bound by rules, and management
2127:
elements of Sharia law. Since the mid-1940s, efforts have been made, in country after country, to bring Sharia law more into line with modern conditions and conceptions. In modern times, the legal systems of many Muslim countries draw upon both civil and common law traditions as well as
Islamic law
3495:
Criminal law, also known as penal law, pertains to crimes and punishment. It thus regulates the definition of and penalties for offences found to have a sufficiently deleterious social impact but, in itself, makes no moral judgment on an offender nor imposes restrictions on society that physically
2241:
It is a real unity of them all in one and the same person, made by covenant of every man with every man, in such manner as if every man should say to every man: I authorise and give up my right of governing myself to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition; that thou givest up, thy
1780:
of 1215 also required that the King's entourage of judges hold their courts and judgments at "a certain place" rather than dispensing autocratic justice in unpredictable places about the country. A concentrated and elite group of judges acquired a dominant role in law-making under this system, and
2848:
in a court proceeding emanates from this corollary—in
England the function of barrister or advocate is distinguished from legal counselor. As the European Court of Human Rights has stated, the law should be adequately accessible to everyone and people should be able to foresee how the law affects
4252:
lay a basic framework for free trade and commerce across the world's oceans and seas, where outside of a country's zone of control. Shipping companies operate through ordinary principles of commercial law, generalised for a global market. Admiralty law also encompasses specialised issues such as
2555:. One criticism of bicameral systems with two elected chambers is that the upper and lower houses may simply mirror one another. The traditional justification of bicameralism is that an upper chamber acts as a house of review. This can minimise arbitrariness and injustice in governmental action.
1867:
also survives in some church communities. Often the implication of religion for law is unalterability, because the word of God cannot be amended or legislated against by judges or governments. Nonetheless, most religious jurisdictions rely on further human elaboration to provide for thorough and
4624:
are key areas for inquiry in this knowledge field. In the United States, the field is usually called law and society studies; in Europe, it is more often referred to as socio-legal studies. At first, jurists and legal philosophers were suspicious of sociology of law. Kelsen attacked one of its
3700:
Civil law jurisdictions treat contracts differently in a number of respects, with a more interventionist role for the state in both the formation and enforcement of contracts. Compared to common law jurisdictions, civil law systems incorporate more mandatory terms into contracts, allow greater
1371:
Codes became the most influential. In contrast to
English common law, which consists of enormous tomes of case law, codes in small books are easy to export and easy for judges to apply. However, today there are signs that civil and common law are converging. EU law is codified in treaties, but
2339:
and others reshaped thinking on the extension of state. Modern military, policing and bureaucratic power over ordinary citizens' daily lives pose special problems for accountability that earlier writers such as Locke or
Montesquieu could not have foreseen. The custom and practice of the legal
2457:, such as China, the courts are often regarded as parts of the executive, or subservient to the legislature; governmental institutions and actors exert thus various forms of influence on the judiciary. In Muslim countries, courts often examine whether state laws adhere to the Sharia: the
2655:
Although the role of the executive varies from country to country, usually it will propose the majority of legislation, and propose government agenda. In presidential systems, the executive often has the power to veto legislation. Most executives in both systems are responsible for
5156:
3779:. Having consumed half of it, Donoghue poured the remainder into a tumbler. The decomposing remains of a snail floated out. She claimed to have suffered from shock, fell ill with gastroenteritis and sued the manufacturer for carelessly allowing the drink to be contaminated. The
2212:
noted that the "basic pattern of legal reasoning is reasoning by example"—that is, reasoning by comparing outcomes in cases resolving similar legal questions. In a U.S. Supreme Court case regarding procedural efforts taken by a debt collection company to avoid errors, Justice
3042:
wrote of international law, "one of its primary modern sources is found in the responses of ordinary men and women, and of the non-governmental organizations which many of them support, to the human rights abuses they see on the television screen in their living rooms."
3069:, non-governmental organisations, neighbourhoods, churches, and religious associations. There is no clear legal definition of the civil society, and of the institutions it includes. Most of the institutions and bodies who try to give a list of institutions (such as the
7138:(1927) 43; "Equity is a roguish thing. For law we have a measure... equity is according to the conscience of him that is Chancellor, and as that is longer or narrower, so is equity. 'Tis all one as if they should make the standard for the measure a Chancellor's foot."
3974:
This case is used to support the view of property in common law jurisdictions, that the person who can show the best claim to a piece of property, against any contesting party, is the owner. By contrast, the classic civil law approach to property, propounded by
1358:
was formed so that merchants could trade with common standards of practice rather than with the many splintered facets of local laws. The Law
Merchant, a precursor to modern commercial law, emphasised the freedom to contract and alienability of property. As
4805:
As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law worldwide. It also forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe and has played an important role in the creation of the idea of a common
European culture (Stein,
2652:. In presidential systems, the executive acts as both head of state and head of government, and has power to appoint an unelected cabinet. Under a presidential system, the executive branch is separate from the legislature to which it is not accountable.
2567:
process, which can be formed from
Members of Parliament (e.g. the UK or Germany). However, in a presidential system, the government is usually formed by an executive and his or her appointed cabinet officials (e.g. the United States or Brazil).
1629:. As one legal historian wrote, "Justinian consciously looked back to the golden age of Roman law and aimed to restore it to the peak it had reached three centuries before." The Justinian Code remained in force in the East until the fall of the
1741:
systems, legislative statutes are typically more detailed, and judicial decisions are shorter and less detailed, because the adjudicator is only writing to decide the single case, rather than to set out reasoning that will guide future courts.
873:; nor whether the prince is above the law, since he is a member of the State; nor whether the law can be unjust, since no one is unjust to himself; nor how we can be both free and subject to the laws, since they are but registers of our wills.
1459:
also adopted the common law system. The eastern Asia legal tradition reflects a unique blend of secular and religious influences. Japan was the first country to begin modernising its legal system along western lines, by importing parts of the
4281:
is a relatively new field dealing with aspects of international law regarding human activities in Earth orbit and outer space. While at first addressing space relations of countries via treaties, increasingly it is addressing areas such as
3583:
Criminal law offences are viewed as offences against not just individual victims, but the community as well. The state, usually with the help of police, takes the lead in prosecution, which is why in common law countries cases are cited as
3791:
The liability for negligence is no doubt based upon a general public sentiment of moral wrongdoing for which the offender must pay. The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law, you must not injure your neighbour; and the
1159:. Raz argues that law is authority, identifiable purely through social sources and without reference to moral reasoning. In his view, any categorisation of rules beyond their role as authoritative instruments in mediation are best left to
2868:. Modern lawyers achieve distinct professional identity through specified legal procedures (e.g. successfully passing a qualifying examination), are required by law to have a special qualification (a legal education earning the student a
3760:
under civil law systems. To have acted tortiously, one must have breached a duty to another person, or infringed some pre-existing legal right. A simple example might be unintentionally hitting someone with a ball. Under the law of
3604:
are often used to determine the guilt of defendants on points of fact: juries cannot change legal rules. Some developed countries still condone capital punishment for criminal activity, but the normal punishment for a crime will be
3000:
concept of "civil society" dates back to Hobbes and Locke. Locke saw civil society as people who have "a common established law and judicature to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them." German philosopher
5158:
Natural Law; or The
Science of Justice: A Treatise on Natural Law, Natural Justice, Natural Rights, Natural Liberty, and Natural Society; Showing that All Legislation Whatsoever is an Absurdity, a Usurpation, and a Crime. Part
7328:
3272:
supply chains across borders, as well as trading with overseas businesses, making the question of which country has jurisdiction even more pressing. Increasing numbers of businesses opt for commercial arbitration under the
1835:, from around 1760, was the first scholar to collect, describe, and teach the common law. But merely in describing, scholars who sought explanations and underlying structures slowly changed the way the law actually worked.
3688:
Consideration indicates the fact that all parties to a contract have exchanged something of value. Some common law systems, including
Australia, are moving away from the idea of consideration as a requirement. The idea of
1769:
during the late 12th century, when Henry appointed judges that had authority to create an institutionalised and unified system of law common to the country. The next major step in the evolution of the common law came when
14659:
4656:
that as society becomes more complex, the body of civil law concerned primarily with restitution and compensation grows at the expense of criminal laws and penal sanctions. Other notable early legal sociologists included
3960:
ruled that even though the boy could not be said to own the jewel, he should be considered the rightful keeper ("finders keepers") until the original owner is found. In fact the apprentice and the boy both had a right of
3182:
3396:(law, ordinance, policy order). Such challenge vets the ability of actionable authority under the law, and that the government entity observed required procedure. The first specialist administrative court was the
1544:
Colour-coded map of the legal systems around the world, showing civil, common law, religious, customary and mixed legal systems. Common law systems are shaded pink, and civil law systems are shaded blue/turquoise.
2798:). Like the military and police, a legal system's government servants and bodies that make up its bureaucracy carry out the directives of the executive. One of the earliest references to the concept was made by
11591:
3713:
of contracts. They also do not require consideration for a contract to be binding. In France, an ordinary contract is said to form simply on the basis of a "meeting of the minds" or a "concurrence of wills".
1088:. Kelsen believed that although law is separate from morality, it is endowed with "normativity", meaning we ought to obey it. While laws are positive "is" statements (e.g. the fine for reversing on a highway
14154:
13924:
3038:. In post-modern theory, civil society is necessarily a source of law, by being the basis from which people form opinions and lobby for what they believe law should be. As Australian barrister and author
10113:
15556:
15020:
3952:'s boy found a jewel encrusted with precious stones. He took it to a goldsmith to have it valued. The goldsmith's apprentice looked at it, sneakily removed the stones, told the boy it was worth three
4360:
became popular and took management of services away from public law, private companies doing the jobs previously controlled by government have been bound by varying degrees of social responsibility.
3956:
and that he would buy it. The boy said he would prefer the jewel back, so the apprentice gave it to him, but without the stones. The boy sued the goldsmith for his apprentice's attempt to cheat him.
2406:. For most European countries the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg can overrule national law, when EU law is relevant. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg allows citizens of the
14483:
14388:
3112:
3065:
the law becomes to the people. The most familiar institutions of civil society include economic markets, profit-oriented firms, families, trade unions, hospitals, universities, schools, charities,
1788:
As time went on, many felt that the common law was overly systematised and inflexible, and increasing numbers of citizens petitioned the King to override the common law. On the King's behalf, the
6061:
4648:
a precondition for modern political developments and the modern bureaucratic state. Weber saw this law as having developed in parallel with the growth of capitalism. Another leading sociologist,
3341:
Constitutional and administrative law govern the affairs of the state. Constitutional law concerns both the relationships between the executive, legislature and judiciary and the human rights or
3274:
3796:'s question, Who is my neighbour? receives a restricted reply. You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour.
8180:
6175:. 1a2ae, 90.4. Translated by J G Dawson. Ed d'Entreves. (Basil Blackwell). Latin: "nihil est aliud qau edam rationis ordinatio ad bonum commune, ab eo qi curam communitatis habet, promulgata".
4997:
According to Malloy, Smith established "a classical liberal philosophy that made individuals the key referential sign while acknowledging that we live not alone but in community with others".(
1302:
was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists and were highly sophisticated. Over the centuries between the rise and decline of the
3626:
2826:" aside, public services such as schooling, health care, policing or public transport are considered a crucial state function making public bureaucratic action the locus of government power.
6626:
3303:. These institutions are allowed the ability to enforce legal norms both against or for member states and citizens in a manner which is not possible through public international law. As the
1529:, typical of modern law, result in the sharing of many features traditionally considered typical of either common law or civil law. The third type of legal system is religious law, based on
14508:
13909:
8500:
6942:
15667:
15030:
2551:
system (as in Australia, Germany or the United States) or different voting configuration in a unitary system (as in France). In the UK the upper house is appointed by the government as a
1525:
In general, legal systems can be split between civil law and common law systems. Modern scholars argue that the significance of this distinction has progressively declined. The numerous
14488:
13929:
10352:
Farah, Paolo (August 2006). "Five Years of China WTO Membership. EU and US Perspectives about China's Compliance with Transparency Commitments and the Transitional Review Mechanism".
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because he did not accept the primacy of abstract normative principles over concrete political positions and decisions. Therefore, Schmitt advocated a jurisprudence of the exception (
6477:
3765:, the most common form of tort, the injured party could potentially claim compensation for their injuries from the party responsible. The principles of negligence are illustrated by
2935:
who provides on-demand legal research through a library, a commercial service or freelance work. Many people trained in law put their skills to use outside the legal field entirely.
2740:
refers to states that cannot implement or enforce policies; their police and military no longer control security and order and society moves into anarchy, the absence of government.
14944:
7324:
4612:. It is a transdisciplinary and multidisciplinary study focused on the theorisation and empirical study of legal practices and experiences as social phenomena. The institutions of
977:
argues that law is a rational ordering of things, which concern the common good, that is promulgated by whoever is charged with the care of the community. This definition has both
4561:
trade through bilateral contracts on open markets until the costs of transactions mean that using corporations to produce things is more cost-effective. His second major article,
3971:
belong to someone), but the boy's possessory interest was considered better, because it could be shown to be first in time. Possession may be nine-tenths of the law, but not all.
3417:, councils, or committees deal with policy and procedures facilitating elections. These rules settle disputes or enable the translation of the will of the people into functioning
2806:
The real spirit of the laws in France is that bureaucracy of which the late Monsieur de Gournay used to complain so greatly; here the offices, clerks, secretaries, inspectors and
4341:
set minimum standards on the amounts of capital banks must hold, and rules about best practice for investment. This is to insure against the risk of economic crises, such as the
15159:
11043:
Kaldor, Mary; Anheier, Helmut; Glasius, Marlies (2003). "Global Civil Society in an Era of Regressive Globalisation". In Kaldor, Mary; Anheier, Helmut; Glasius, Marlies (eds.).
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A corollary of the rule of law is the existence of a legal profession sufficiently autonomous to invoke the authority of the independent judiciary; the right to assistance of a
6879:
14378:
9223:
3853:, which occurs, for example, when a newspaper makes unsupportable allegations that damage a politician's reputation. More infamous are economic torts, which form the basis of
2128:
and custom. The constitutions of certain Muslim states, such as Egypt and Afghanistan, recognise Islam as the religion of the state, obliging legislature to adhere to Sharia.
15707:
15571:
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4017:
on the other hand, as the King's keeper of conscience, could overrule the judge-made law if he thought it equitable to do so. This meant equity came to operate more through
4110:
14393:
14288:
3308:
2091:, judges, a fully articulated legal code, principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions.
14478:
5257:
4608:
The sociology of law examines the interaction of law with society and overlaps with jurisprudence, philosophy of law, social theory and more specialised subjects such as
3173:
1781:
compared to its European counterparts the English judiciary became highly centralised. In 1297, for instance, while the highest court in France had fifty-one judges, the
14180:
7971:(1669), 1 Mod. Rep. 3, 86 Eng. Rep. 684, where a knight said in a threatening tone to a layperson, "If it were not assize time, I would not take such language from you."
3087:
All legal systems deal with the same basic issues, but jurisdictions categorise and identify their legal topics in different ways. A common distinction is that between "
12351:
10921:
4896:
Although many scholars argue that "the boundaries between public and private law are becoming blurred", and that this distinction has become mere "folklore" (Bergkamp,
1533:. The specific system that a country is ruled by is often determined by its history, connections with other countries, or its adherence to international standards. The
1415:(c. 100–300 AD) were foundational treatises in India, and comprise texts considered authoritative legal guidance. Manu's central philosophy was tolerance and
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15454:
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4500:
presented a philosophical foundation for explaining the relationship between law and economics. The discipline arose partly out of a critique of trade unions and U.S.
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15677:
15662:
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14227:
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which allows compensation for a loss, but not a particular thing back. Land law forms the basis for most kinds of property law, and is the most complex. It concerns
7618:
2605:, as with Britain, Italy, Germany, India, and Japan, the executive is known as the cabinet, and composed of members of the legislature. The executive is led by the
15601:
15421:
15291:
14984:
14889:
10641:
Haggard, Stephan; Shugart, Matthew Soberg (2001). "Institutions and Public Policy in Presidential Systems". In Haggard, Stephan; McCubbins, Mathew Daniel (eds.).
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Fox, Jonathan; Sandler, Shmuel (1 April 2005). "Separation of Religion and State in the Twenty-First Century: Comparing the Middle East and Western Democracies".
3264:
a legal dispute between private parties should be heard in and which jurisdiction's law should be applied. Today, businesses are increasingly capable of shifting
1623:
codified and consolidated Roman law up until that point, so that what remained was one-twentieth of the mass of legal texts from before. This became known as the
15697:
15657:
14498:
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4819:
Civil law jurisdictions recognise custom as "the other source of law"; hence, scholars tend to divide the civil law into the broad categories of "written law" (
15692:
15672:
15426:
15251:
14994:
14654:
14493:
13984:
11817:
Roeber, A. G. (October 2001). "What the Law Requires Is Written on Their Hearts: Noachic and Natural Law among German-Speakers in Early Modern North America".
9012:
8208:
6625:
McAuliffe, Karen (21 February 2013). "Precedent at the Court of Justice of the European Union: The Linguistic Aspect". In Michael Freeman; Fiona Smith (eds.).
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3414:
2938:
Significant to the practice of law in the common law tradition is the legal research to determine the current state of the law. This usually entails exploring
2722:
and public executions to instill communities with fear to maintain control. The first modern police were probably those in 17th-century Paris, in the court of
2428:
1828:
889:
The philosophy of law is commonly known as jurisprudence. Normative jurisprudence asks "what should law be?", while analytic jurisprudence asks "what is law?"
601:
by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a
11908:
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6004:
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is formed. The more people are involved with, concerned by and capable of changing how political power is exercised over their lives, the more acceptable and
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prevent people from committing a crime in the first place. Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of
14383:
14333:
14099:
13989:
11183:
9257:
7587:
4940:, 719) comments on the League of Nations' failure: "It was wrong to say that the League failed. It was rather the member states who had failed the League."
4786:
4410:) of the turn of the 20th century. It is used to control businesses who attempt to use their economic influence to distort market prices at the expense of
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3335:
2706:
While military organisations have existed as long as government itself, the idea of a standing police force is a relatively modern concept. For example,
14448:
14210:
11891:
Rottleuthner, Hubert (1984). "Rechtstheoritische Probleme der Sociologie des Rechts. Die Kontroverse zwischen Hans Kelsen und Eugen Ehrlich (1915/17)".
8580:
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4571:
with one another to create the same allocation of resources, regardless of the way a court might rule in property disputes. Coase used the example of a
1151:
concept" that requires judges to find the best fitting and most just solution to a legal dispute, given their Anglo-American constitutional traditions.
1047:, the founder of a purely rationalistic system of natural law, argued that law arises from both a social impulse—as Aristotle had indicated—and reason.
14453:
14368:
14343:
14034:
7840:
2231:, to legal questions. The use of statistical methods in court cases and law review articles has grown massively in importance in the last few decades.
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13899:
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6056:
Williams, Glanville. International Law and the Controversy Concerning the Meaning of the Word "Law". Revised version published in Laslett (Editor),
4013:
Equity is a body of rules that developed in England separately from the "common law". The common law was administered by judges and barristers. The
3030:
were polar opposites, within the scheme of his dialectic theory of history. The modern dipole state–civil society was reproduced in the theories of
2442:
the constitution and all other laws. But in common law countries, where matters are not constitutional, the judiciary may also create law under the
1487:'s communists who won control of the mainland in 1949. The current legal infrastructure in the People's Republic of China was heavily influenced by
15712:
15271:
15149:
14869:
14849:
14433:
14358:
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14197:
14188:
14119:
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14004:
13999:
13949:
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8331:
6642:
1733:(Latin for "to stand by decisions") means that decisions by higher courts bind lower courts to assure that similar cases reach similar results. In
8488:
6934:
3562:
Examples of crimes include murder, assault, fraud and theft. In exceptional circumstances defences can apply to specific acts, such as killing in
1665:, modernised their legal codes. Both these codes heavily influenced not only the law systems of the countries in continental Europe, but also the
1570:
Civil law is the legal system used in most countries around the world today. In civil law the sources recognised as authoritative are, primarily,
15687:
15276:
14834:
14749:
14303:
14129:
14064:
14019:
13979:
13874:
5498:
4249:
12475:
8541:
1326:, Roman law was rediscovered around the 11th century when medieval legal scholars began to research Roman codes and adapt their concepts to the
17015:
15606:
15596:
15586:
14959:
14919:
14874:
14423:
14184:
14104:
13994:
13974:
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3206:
can refer to three things: public international law, private international law or conflict of laws and the law of supranational organisations.
1821:
16135:
15682:
15639:
15561:
14879:
14546:
14265:
14114:
14024:
13914:
12525:
5442:
12451:
12259:
The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (Edited with Introduction by Talcott Parsons – Translated in English by A. M. Henderson)
5735:
12172:
9962:
7169:
6451:
4909:
E.g. in England these seven subjects, with EU law substituted for international law, make up a "qualifying law degree". For criticism, see
3543:
3385:
3374:
3311:, European Union law constitutes "a new legal order of international law" for the mutual social and economic benefit of the member states.
2810:
are not appointed to benefit the public interest, indeed the public interest appears to have been established so that offices might exist.
2613:
of the legislature. Because popular elections appoint political parties to govern, the leader of a party can change in between elections.
12390:
8112:
7722:
5630:
2344:, whilst civil society is a term used to refer to the social institutions, communities and partnerships that form law's political basis.
1734:
1420:
8618:
7802:
6588:
17805:
17446:
10489:
9336:
2182:
There are distinguished methods of legal reasoning (applying the law) and methods of interpreting (construing) the law. The former are
12422:
5827:
5295:
2295:
between the political, legislature and executive bodies. Their principle was that no person should be able to usurp all powers of the
931:
One definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour. In
16320:
11436:
10437:
Fine, Tony F. (2001). "The Globalization of Legal Education in the United States". In Drolshammer, Jens I.; Pfeifer, Michael (eds.).
7981:
6868:
4917:
4485:
4450:
2830:
is composed of career experts who manage top down, communicating through writing and binding public servants' discretion with rules.
2282:
907:
suggested that no such definition could be produced. McCoubrey and White said that the question "what is law?" has no simple answer.
574:
9351:
6846:
1716:
17990:
13748:
12367:
9143:
8739:
7086:
2438:
A judiciary is theoretically bound by the constitution, just as all other government bodies are. In most countries judges may only
8016:
7744:
7649:
6912:
1272:. However, Athens had no legal science or single word for "law", relying instead on the three-way distinction between divine law (
18598:
17900:
15528:
15101:
14969:
14513:
11308:
11066:
7806:
6282:
5094:
4001:
2733:
2424:
2374:
A judiciary is a number of judges mediating disputes to determine outcome. Most countries have systems of appeal courts, with an
1391:
is the longest written constitution for a country, containing 444 articles, 12 schedules, numerous amendments and 117,369 words.
1237:, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as
18019:
13846:
10936:
6352:
6085:
6015:
5247:
3930:
and the statutory systems for land registration. Regulations on the use of personal property fall under intellectual property,
3070:
2060:
1949:
1831:
have always played an important part, both to collect overarching principles from dispersed case law, and to argue for change.
1765:, the law varied shire-to-shire based on disparate tribal customs. The concept of a "common law" developed during the reign of
904:
493:
10220:
Curtin, Deirdre; Wessel, Ramses A. (2005). "A Survey of the Content of Good Governance for some International Organisations".
8969:
8013:"Des Sergents de Ville et Gardiens de la Paix à la Police de Proximité : la Préfecture de Police au Service des Citoyens"
7437:
1177:
1015:
answer was that law is "commands, backed by threat of sanctions, from a sovereign, to whom people have a habit of obedience".
18007:
16222:
16207:
12499:
12379:
12323:
12312:
12223:
12201:
12161:
12133:
12114:
12086:
12054:
12028:
12009:
11807:
11745:
11714:
11695:
11673:
11654:
11626:
11549:
11530:
11507:
11485:
11394:
11338:
11296:
11264:
11172:
11146:
11100:
11076:
11052:
11033:
11014:
10991:
10966:
10910:
10871:
10852:
10804:
10785:
10687:
10669:
10650:
10631:
10609:
10590:
10571:
10536:
10517:
10469:
10446:
10427:
10402:
10330:
10308:
10286:
10267:
10248:
10229:
10210:
10188:
10166:
10044:
10025:
10006:
9987:
9899:
9877:
9856:
9837:
9818:
9799:
9705:
9686:
8935:
7558:
7206:
6471:
4086:
3508:, that a person is guilty of two things. First, the accused must commit an act which is deemed by society to be criminal, or
2458:
1023:, argue that law reflects essentially moral and unchangeable laws of nature. The concept of "natural law" emerged in ancient
201:
11024:
Kaiser, Dagmar (2005). "Leistungsstōrungen". In Staudinger, Julius von; Martinek, Michael; Beckmann, Roland Michael (eds.).
9936:
4965:
4161:
covers marriage and divorce proceedings, the rights of children and rights to property and money in the event of separation.
3540:), and negligence. Negligence does not carry criminal responsibility unless a particular crime provides for its punishment.
3245:. Public international law has a special status as law because there is no international police force, and courts (e.g. the
3160:
2672:. The election of a different executive is therefore capable of revolutionising an entire country's approach to government.
1363:
grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Law Merchant was incorporated into countries' local law under new civil codes. The
16217:
16188:
16145:
15769:
14694:
8376:
Zaleski, Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality".
8187:
7681:
1268:, from about the 8th century BC was the first society to be based on broad inclusion of its citizenry, excluding women and
567:
14069:
9655:
9426:
5329:
3299:—seek to follow a similar model. In the EU, sovereign nations have gathered their authority in a system of courts and the
18708:
18618:
15702:
11417:
9931:
7606:
5212:
4746:
4090:
3682:
3015:
2799:
2620:
is apart from the executive, and symbolically enacts laws and acts as representative of the nation. Examples include the
2391:
18733:
7238:
3673:(agreements must be kept). In common law jurisdictions, three key elements to the creation of a contract are necessary:
17008:
7385:
4186:
sprang from the law of trusts, on the principle of separating ownership of property and control. The law of the modern
2379:
1464:, but mostly the German Civil Code. This partly reflected Germany's status as a rising power in the late 19th century.
911:
said that the meaning of the word "law" depends on the context in which that word is used. He said that, for example, "
8230:
1908:
or Five Books of Moses. This contains the basic code of Jewish law, which some Israeli communities choose to use. The
1699:
1403:
represent distinct traditions of law, and have historically had independent schools of legal theory and practice. The
16160:
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14438:
14258:
13174:
12732:
12631:
11944:
10144:
8204:
6723:
6698:
6636:
6582:
6193:
6044:
5934:
5858:
5755:
5473:
3234:
1724:
1641:
used to interpret their own laws. Civil law codifications based closely on Roman law, alongside some influences from
12180:. Washington DC: Center for the Study of Voluntary Organisations and Services, Georgetown University. Archived from
11916:
11448:
9071:
9044:
3833:
Another example of tort might be a neighbour making excessively loud noises with machinery on his property. Under a
1260:
dates back to 1280 BC and takes the form of moral imperatives as recommendations for a good society. The small
18678:
17128:
16957:
13288:
13157:
10546:
8457:
4481:
2889:
2484:
2252:
2065:
1416:
1327:
12000:
Sherif, Adel Omar (2005). "Constitutions of Arab Countries and the Position of Sharia". In Yassari, Nadjma (ed.).
11106:
8425:
1147:
attacked Hart and the positivists for their refusal to treat law as a moral issue. Dworkin argues that law is an "
17634:
17485:
16893:
16265:
16113:
13743:
13090:
12991:
9372:
8686:
8656:
4702:
4143:
concern the rights of foreigners to live and work in a nation-state that is not their own and to acquire or lose
3196:
2170:. Academic opinion is divided on whether it is a separate system from civil law, given major deviations based on
1817:
1008:
942:
16981:
11222:
9767:
9254:
4827:) or custom. Yet they tend to dismiss custom as being of slight importance compared to legislation (Georgiadis,
1637:
and Germanic customary law until the Justinian Code was rediscovered in the 11th century, which scholars at the
18835:
18688:
17574:
16850:
16504:
16345:
16140:
15229:
13250:
12884:
11610:
9677:
Akhlaghi, Behrooz (2005). "Iranian Commercial Law and the New Investment Law FIPPA". In Yassari, Nadjma (ed.).
7056:
5575:
5466:
Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present
4191:
4094:
4064:
3246:
2963:
2645:
2206:
1785:
had five. This powerful and tight-knit judiciary gave rise to a systematised process of developing common law.
1516:
634:
458:
11872:
10893:
5191:
Revus. Journal for Constitutional Theory and Philosophy of Law / Revija za ustavno teorijo in filozofijo prava
4553:(1937), argued that the reason for the existence of firms (companies, partnerships, etc.) is the existence of
4267:
aims at safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services. These are legal rights (
3330:
1051:
believed a moral imperative requires laws "be chosen as though they should hold as universal laws of nature".
18875:
18748:
17970:
17001:
16457:
16313:
14989:
14328:
12603:
10814:
8572:
8063:
4639:, who began his career as a lawyer, and is regarded as one of the founders of sociology and sociology of law
4055:
is the study of a tripartite industrial relationship between worker, employer and trade union. This involves
3894:, refers to everything else; movable objects, such as computers, cars, jewelry or intangible rights, such as
3812:
3002:
2167:
1973:
1813:
1782:
9209:
7832:
3057:
allow people to gather, discuss, criticise and hold to account their governments, from which the basis of a
2916:
trained people to staff the existing judicial systems, and, accordingly, formal standards are more relaxed.
2814:
Cynicism over "officialdom" is still common, and the workings of public servants is typically contrasted to
1155:, on the other hand, defended the positivist outlook and criticised Hart's "soft social thesis" approach in
18907:
18773:
18768:
18462:
17500:
17133:
16798:
16708:
14532:
14251:
13410:
12889:
12216:
Economy and Society, Volume I (Translated and edited by Claus Wittich, Ephraim Fischoff, and Guenther Roth)
8973:
4986:
4098:
3630:
3214:
3138:
2695:
2625:
2129:
1476:
994:
696:
has influenced secular matters and is, as of the 21st century, still in use in some religious communities.
7780:
6571:
Clarke, M. A.; Hooley, R. J. A.; Munday, R. J. C.; Sealy, L. S.; Tettenborn, A. M.; Turner, P. G. (2017).
2058:. The Eastern Catholic Churches, which developed different disciplines and practices, are governed by the
1719:
legal systems, decisions by courts are explicitly acknowledged as "law" on equal footing with legislative
18788:
18783:
18568:
16350:
16171:
15521:
15094:
13405:
10775:
9997:
Campbell, Tom D. (1993). "The Contribution of Legal Studies". In Robert E. Goodin; Philip Pettit (eds.).
8801:
8328:
7836:
3719:
3532:
is enough. Criminal systems of the civil law tradition distinguish between intention in the broad sense (
3525:
3381:
3242:
3226:
2736:. The military and police carry out enforcement at the request of the government or the courts. The term
2629:
2523:
2419:
2277:
2132:, and is governed on the basis of Islamic law. Iran has also witnessed a reiteration of Islamic law into
1995:
1924:
1774:
was forced by his barons to sign a document limiting his authority to pass laws. This "great charter" or
967:
defined law as "the prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious." In his
10818:
3617:. Modern criminal law has been affected considerably by the social sciences, especially with respect to
17453:
17113:
13839:
13380:
12879:
11954:
11819:
11441:"Book XI: Of the Laws Which Establish Political Liberty, with Regard to the Constitution, Chapters 6–7"
9978:
Brody, David C.; Acker, James R.; Logan, Wayne A. (2001). "Introduction to the Study of Criminal Law".
7301:
4563:
4513:
4283:
4078:
3976:
3115:. International, constitutional and administrative law, criminal law, contract, tort, property law and
2432:
2402:
2387:
2011:
1673:
legal traditions. Today, countries that have civil law systems range from Russia and Turkey to most of
525:
432:
17770:
10694:
Harris, Ron (September 1994). "The Bubble Act: Its Passage and Its Effects on Business Organization".
9920:. New York, Chicago, Commerce Clearing House, Loose leaf Service division of the Corporation Trust Co.
9051:
5490:
4194:, passed in the United Kingdom, which provided investors with a simple registration procedure to gain
2822:. In fact private companies, especially large ones, also have bureaucracies. Negative perceptions of "
2140:
has been the call to restore the Sharia, which has generated a vast amount of literature and affected
1661:
1368:
17817:
17760:
17345:
16612:
16340:
16275:
16227:
15495:
15366:
15179:
14443:
13463:
12467:
11184:"Nietzsche in Law's Cathedral: Beyond Reason and Postmodernism – Chapter: Cycles of Economic Thought"
9790:
Auby, Jean-Bernard (2002). "Administrative Law in France". In Stroink, F.A.M.; Seerden, René (eds.).
9250:
8538:
8038:
7679:
Book XI: Of the Laws Which Establish Political Liberty, with Regard to the Constitution, Chapters 6–7
7197:
Ferrari, Silvio (2012). "Chapter 4: Canon Law as a Religious Legal System". In Huxley, Andrew (ed.).
5965:
5521:
4342:
4304:
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3980:
3857:
in some countries by making trade unions liable for strikes, when statute does not provide immunity.
3622:
3442:
3398:
3358:
3304:
3295:. Given the trend of increasing global economic integration, many regional agreements—especially the
2447:
1520:
1377:
1306:, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations and underwent major codification under
1269:
999:
964:
194:
11958:
4870:
About "cabinet accountability" in both presidential and parliamentary systems, see Shugart–Haggard,
3879:, one of the world's first ever speculations and crashes, led to strict regulation on share trading.
18658:
16945:
16793:
16783:
16580:
16306:
16260:
15909:
15762:
14711:
14687:
14563:
14398:
13258:
13240:
8810:
6036:
4540:
4402:
doctrine. Modern competition law derives from the U.S. anti-cartel and anti-monopoly statutes (the
4369:
4123:
concern the rules that courts must follow as a trial and appeals proceed. Both concern a citizen's
4059:
regulation, and the right to strike. Individual employment law refers to workplace rights, such as
3957:
3953:
3577:
3515:
3446:
3346:
3292:
3257:
3238:
3210:
3152:
3104:
2819:
2479:
2413:
Some countries allow their highest judicial authority to overrule legislation they determine to be
2396:
2199:
2077:
2042:
1745:
Common law originated from England and has been inherited by almost every country once tied to the
1738:
1554:
1500:
903:
There have been several attempts to produce "a universally acceptable definition of law". In 1972,
898:
779:
756:
673:
520:
478:
282:
275:
13592:
12521:
5431:"Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in the Church of the Province of Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia"
5430:
3250:
have effective systems of binding arbitration and dispute resolution backed up by trade sanctions.
1537:
that jurisdictions adopt as authoritatively binding are the defining features of any legal system.
692:, although on occasion this may be overturned by a higher court or the legislature. Historically,
18638:
18558:
17975:
17564:
17475:
16976:
16755:
16643:
16538:
15591:
15376:
13633:
13420:
12909:
12894:
12443:
11932:
11664:
Rasekh, Mohammad (2005). "Are Islamism and Republicanism Compatible?". In Yassari, Nadjma (ed.).
5970:
5351:
Berman, Harold J. (1983). "Religious Foundations of Law in the West: An Historical Perspective".
4300:
4239:
3634:
3572:
3438:
2997:
2924:
2885:
2726:, although the Paris Prefecture of Police claim they were the world's first uniformed policemen.
2610:
2528:
in Paris. By the principle of representative government people vote for politicians to carry out
2383:
2309:
2007:
1928:
1479:
retains the closest affinity to the codifications from that period, because of the split between
1468:
367:
297:
148:
112:
18372:
12560:
12181:
9956:
7166:
1808:. At first, equity was often criticised as erratic. Over time, courts of equity developed solid
1603:
in the 6th century, which were rediscovered by 11th century Italy. Roman law in the days of the
17965:
17945:
17795:
17465:
17093:
16865:
16585:
16413:
16048:
15514:
15469:
15286:
15087:
13688:
13673:
9757:
8872:
4958:
4721:
4613:
4590:
4549:
4235:
3062:
3058:
3050:
2576:
2507:
2439:
2287:
2046:
1998:, for the government of a Christian organisation or church and its members. It is the internal
1964:
1148:
1092:€500); law tells us what we "should" do. Thus, each legal system can be hypothesised to have a
38:
17:
17832:
16286:
12402:
12398:
11321:
8109:
7803:"Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court)"
5747:
1007:
Definitions of law often raise the question of the extent to which law incorporates morality.
18119:
18074:
17885:
17480:
16788:
16778:
16740:
16713:
16675:
16648:
16558:
16467:
16386:
16376:
16124:
13832:
13792:
13385:
13063:
12874:
11904:
11218:
10381:
8603:
7810:
6572:
5986:
4883:
In these cases sovereignty is eroded, and often warlords acquire excessive powers (Fukuyama,
4674:
4217:
4124:
4056:
3776:
3563:
3555:
3505:
3039:
3031:
2989:
2873:
2759:
2661:
2443:
2083:
Roman Catholic canon law is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements:
1955:
1771:
1638:
1540:
1475:
in the form of six private law codes based mainly on the Japanese model of German law. Today
1388:
1289:
1020:
760:
503:
442:
17935:
12074:
10483:
6905:"Alphabetical Index of the 192 United Nations Member States and Corresponding Legal Systems"
6463:
2136:
after 1979. During the last few decades, one of the fundamental features of the movement of
1027:
concurrently and in connection with the notion of justice, and re-entered the mainstream of
18628:
18508:
18277:
18084:
17925:
17852:
17544:
17505:
17490:
17024:
16735:
16575:
16548:
16543:
16440:
16280:
16255:
16212:
14555:
14274:
13513:
12859:
12391:"The ideal of good government in Luigi Einaudi's Thought and Life: Between Law and Freedom"
10222:
Good Governance and the European Union: Reflections on Concepts, Institutions and Substance
9177:
5819:
5284:
4953:
4532:, and are hostile to state regulation or what they see as restrictions on the operation of
4509:
4338:
3767:
3710:
3674:
3403:
3082:
2897:
2637:
2621:
2602:
2586:
2503:
2450:, whereby the unelected judiciary may not overturn law passed by a democratic legislature.
2363:
2292:
2171:
2133:
2084:
1650:
1625:
508:
187:
31:
18099:
7989:
4914:
4275:) which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, literary and artistic fields.
2198:. There are also many other arguments and cannons of interpretation which altogether make
8:
18818:
18698:
18668:
18588:
18114:
18054:
17375:
17295:
16915:
16909:
16835:
16750:
16695:
16570:
16435:
16381:
16199:
16165:
16130:
15944:
15755:
15393:
15009:
14904:
14680:
14637:
14094:
13668:
12808:
12725:
11464:
6824:
5491:"Religious Legal Systems in Comparative Law: A Guide to Introductory Research – GlobaLex"
4771:
4417:
3890:, sometimes called 'real estate', refers to ownership of land and things attached to it.
3669:
3660:
3300:
3265:
3192:
2723:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2563:
2519:
1985:
1766:
1068:
912:
880:
665:
437:
336:
313:
217:
17862:
12418:
8717:
7078:
2927:
as a sole practitioner, in a government post or in a private corporation as an internal
2325:
took the separation of powers further by having two additional branches of government—a
1607:
and Empire was heavily procedural, and lacked a professional legal class. Instead a lay
18830:
18825:
18808:
18803:
18272:
17780:
17717:
16860:
16425:
16150:
16118:
15919:
15904:
15581:
15351:
14829:
14824:
14719:
14473:
14293:
13919:
13483:
13142:
12996:
12981:
12959:
12703:
12683:
12636:
12626:
12343:
12291:
12283:
12101:
11836:
11795:
11783:
11775:
11583:
11518:
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2015:
1932:
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1634:
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1495:
1443:
legal tradition, along with Islamic law, were both supplanted by common law when India
1293:
1253:
and translated into various languages, including English, Italian, German, and French.
1133:
1121:
1084:
933:
908:
724:
720:
677:
555:
473:
468:
253:
18262:
11445:
The Spirit of Laws (translated in English by Thomas Nugent, revised by J. V. Prichard)
6274:
4670:
4039:
2856:
is typically overseen by either a government or independent regulating body such as a
1923:
to use religious laws only if they choose. Canon law is only in use by members of the
1409:, probably compiled around 100 AD (although it contains older material), and the
18793:
18738:
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12129:
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11803:
11787:
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10184:
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9914:
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9701:
9682:
9127:
7554:
7381:
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6632:
6578:
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6189:
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5891:
5854:
5792:
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4195:
4164:
4006:
3891:
3850:
3727:
3667:
Contract law concerns enforceable promises, and can be summed up in the Latin phrase
3614:
3450:
3284:
3230:
3203:
3132:
3054:
3046:
2423:, the United States Supreme Court nullified many state statutes that had established
2414:
2407:
2322:
2300:
2106:
2027:
2019:
1855:
Religious law is explicitly based on religious precepts. Examples include the Jewish
1805:
1591:
1526:
1432:
1323:
1285:
1265:
1245:. The most intact copy of these stelae was discovered in the 19th century by British
1242:
1186:
861:
637:
to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a
463:
427:
401:
331:
263:
175:
122:
86:
81:
17847:
12437:
11377:
11284:
11210:
10296:
8184:
6344:
5553:
4649:
3730:
law, rather than contract law, is then used to restore title to the rightful owner.
3361:, have no such document. A "constitution" is simply those laws which constitute the
1346:) were compiled for guidance. In medieval England, royal courts developed a body of
919:" were contexts where the word "law" had two different and irreconcilable meanings.
18912:
18798:
18728:
18498:
18417:
18412:
18337:
18312:
18257:
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17415:
17390:
17335:
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15551:
15459:
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15035:
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14626:
14571:
13473:
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12939:
12803:
12798:
12763:
12335:
12275:
11864:
11828:
11767:
11755:
11587:
11575:
11404:
11357:
11317:
11198:
10751:
10703:
10619:
10505:
10361:
10198:
10176:
10154:
10097:
10066:
9724:
9119:
8977:
8729:
7546:
7515:
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5403:
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5152:
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4603:
4567:(1960), argued that if we lived in a world without transaction costs, people would
4554:
4411:
4102:
4082:
4023:
4018:
3963:
3915:
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3144:
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2707:
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speech, social equality and impartiality. By the 22nd century BC, the ancient
1064:
1060:
1024:
978:
783:
602:
127:
66:
18402:
12491:
12039:
9867:
8932:
6022:. Third Edition. Stevens & Sons. London. 1972. Second Impression. 1975. p. 39.
5944:
5874:
Pound, Roscoe (1914). "The End of Law as Developed in Legal Rules and Doctrines".
5734:
Gordley, James (16 November 2006). Reimann, Mathias; Zimmermann, Reinhard (eds.).
3837:
claim the noise could be stopped. Torts can also involve intentional acts such as
1124:), which denied that legal norms could encompass all of the political experience.
1071:, who rejected the principle of equality, and believed that law emanates from the
1067:; that real law is entirely separate from "morality". Kant was also criticised by
786:. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and
18855:
18528:
18447:
18407:
18377:
18362:
18327:
18322:
18292:
18267:
18252:
18227:
18212:
18147:
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18109:
18094:
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17950:
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17880:
17702:
17697:
17554:
17549:
17529:
17517:
16855:
16622:
16617:
16430:
16087:
16077:
16036:
15988:
15839:
15812:
15464:
15381:
15331:
15306:
15164:
14929:
14884:
14854:
14754:
14606:
14591:
14418:
14298:
13959:
13722:
13695:
13683:
13663:
13597:
13575:
13555:
13550:
13530:
13395:
13375:
13370:
13273:
13233:
12944:
12869:
12793:
12778:
12698:
12529:
10771:
10132:
10078:
10054:
9926:
9792:
Administrative Law of the European Union, its Member States and the United States
9774:
9261:
9048:
8939:
8891:
8545:
8432:
8335:
8191:
8116:
7685:
7592:
7173:
7148:
4969:
4962:
4921:
4658:
4558:
4517:
4383:
4349:
4334:
4320:
4199:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4116:
4014:
3895:
3826:
3819:
3701:
latitude for courts to interpret and revise contract terms and impose a stronger
3474:
3389:
3342:
3006:
2857:
2853:
2767:
2454:
2263:, representative parliaments, an accountable executive, the military and police,
2217:
cautioned that "legal reasoning is not a mechanical or strictly linear process".
2214:
2183:
2159:
2141:
2003:
1789:
1762:
1750:
1704:
1674:
1564:
1512:
1480:
1364:
1139:
1105:
1037:
1028:
969:
955:
685:
669:
598:
515:
422:
406:
346:
7678:
7550:
2690:
2378:
as the ultimate judicial authority. In the United States, this authority is the
2037:
The Catholic Church has the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the
18845:
18753:
18743:
18472:
18347:
18332:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18242:
18217:
18172:
18152:
18014:
17985:
17960:
17915:
17895:
17857:
17812:
17692:
17682:
17539:
17370:
17183:
16970:
16818:
16730:
16725:
16482:
16403:
16398:
16329:
15970:
15954:
15616:
15537:
15371:
15361:
15311:
15224:
15219:
15209:
15194:
15189:
15184:
15169:
15154:
15139:
15134:
15129:
15124:
14954:
14734:
14724:
14621:
14596:
14576:
14428:
14089:
14059:
14049:
14039:
13894:
13799:
13607:
13525:
13114:
13080:
13031:
13016:
12788:
12693:
12673:
12663:
11771:
11724:
11478:
The Athenian Revolution: Essays on Ancient Greek Democracy and Political Theory
11408:
10479:
10318:
9666:
9422:
5851:
Merging law and sociology : beyond the dichotomies in socio-legal research
4781:
4756:
4751:
4741:
4662:
4505:
4477:
4435:
4431:
4254:
4225:
4205:
4130:
3939:
3923:
3842:
3838:
3780:
3715:
3706:
3618:
3610:
3551:
3547:
3454:
3354:
3288:
3027:
2932:
2893:
2881:
2657:
2598:
2552:
2358:
2296:
2209:
2116:
2031:
2026:
varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a
1999:
1746:
1604:
1587:
1534:
1448:
1261:
1250:
1246:
1234:
1144:
1052:
1032:
1012:
1003:
Bentham's utilitarian theories remained dominant in law until the 20th century.
974:
946:
945:
said law was "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction";
920:
752:
704:
principles is used as the primary legal system in several countries, including
488:
10755:
10707:
6935:"The Economist explains: What is the difference between common and civil law?"
6841:
5321:
5186:
1912:
is a code of Jewish law that summarizes some of the Talmud's interpretations.
1792:
started giving judgments to do what was equitable in a case. From the time of
18896:
18778:
18608:
18518:
18467:
18437:
18427:
18357:
18352:
18342:
18202:
18192:
18182:
18157:
18024:
18002:
17920:
17827:
17800:
17785:
17727:
17410:
16921:
16877:
16840:
16770:
16745:
16655:
16553:
16499:
16494:
16193:
15611:
15474:
15416:
15356:
15346:
15326:
15316:
15301:
15296:
15246:
15214:
15199:
15174:
15110:
15058:
14999:
14934:
14899:
14814:
14764:
14744:
14601:
14581:
14373:
14363:
14308:
14124:
13855:
13653:
13612:
13498:
13478:
13450:
13400:
13365:
13339:
13334:
13327:
13278:
13218:
13058:
13048:
13006:
12929:
12924:
12854:
12813:
12737:
11617:
Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy
11467:(1887). "Zweite Abhandlung: "Schuld", "schlechtes Gewissen" und Verwandtes".
11361:
11062:
10881:
10340:
9131:
7378:
he Medieval Origins of the Legal Profession: Canonists, Civilians, and Courts
7246:
6663:
For discussion of the composition and dating of these sources, see Olivelle,
6256:
6206:
Taylor, T. W. (January 1896). "The Conception of Morality in Jurisprudence".
5978:
5895:
5796:
5720:
5679:
5208:
5118:
5071:
4857:, 11–12). About the notion of "judicial independence" in China, see Findlay,
4626:
4621:
4529:
4361:
4357:
4324:
4272:
4245:
4213:
4209:
4187:
4152:
3949:
3931:
3887:
3678:
3597:
3466:
3458:
3430:
3350:
3296:
3229:, such as the United Nations (which was established after the failure of the
3023:
2975:
2946:
and legislation. Law practice also involves drafting documents such as court
2905:
2787:
2617:
2533:
2492:
2375:
2304:
2272:
2195:
2174:
ideology, such as subordinating the judiciary to the executive ruling party.
2153:
2038:
1901:
1872:
has some law, and it acts as a source of further law through interpretation,
1844:
1754:
1729:
1720:
1678:
1642:
1491:
1428:
1343:
1307:
1257:
1202:
1172:
1128:
1072:
1048:
938:
916:
857:
771:
693:
540:
530:
341:
171:
107:
91:
15734:
12040:"The Structure of Unjust Enrichment Law: Is Restitution a Right or a Remedy"
11982:
Schermers, Henry G.; Blokker, Niels M. (1995). "Supervision and Sanctions".
11868:
10922:"Economic Ideas and the Labour Market – Chapter: Cycles of Economic Thought"
7364:
Studies in the Civil Law, and its Relation to the Law of England and America
2589:
meetings are composed of representatives of each country's executive branch.
18902:
18758:
18442:
18432:
18422:
18287:
18282:
18222:
18197:
18167:
18162:
18069:
18064:
17910:
17790:
17524:
17460:
17330:
17320:
17315:
17234:
17224:
17168:
17058:
16720:
16660:
16408:
16366:
16248:
16243:
16155:
16020:
16008:
15792:
15576:
15386:
15341:
15266:
15236:
15040:
14894:
14809:
14784:
14774:
14759:
14586:
14348:
14054:
14009:
13939:
13785:
13535:
13503:
13458:
13196:
13191:
13162:
13075:
13053:
13021:
12954:
12934:
12828:
12768:
12758:
12710:
12668:
12646:
12589:
12096:
11369:
11238:
11086:
Karkatsoulis, Panagioti (2004). "Civil Society and New Public Management".
10886:"Chapter XVII: Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Commonwealth"
10390:
6092:. Third Edition. Stevens & Sons. London. 1972. Second Impression. 1975.
5626:
4617:
4544:
4525:
4445:
4395:
4391:
4230:
4074:
4068:
4060:
3992:
3911:
3866:
3805:
3490:
3410:
3362:
3261:
3218:
3183:
Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
2980:
2877:
2763:
2737:
2715:
2711:
2699:
2544:
2537:
2465:
ensures the compatibility of the legislation with the "criteria of Islam".
2326:
2163:
2112:
2088:
2050:
1801:
1694:
1666:
1583:
1488:
1472:
1405:
1396:
1355:
1315:
1303:
1198:
1113:
1044:
870:
728:
709:
661:
in various ways and also serves as a mediator of relations between people.
638:
535:
386:
243:
162:
117:
50:
9063:
9041:
8734:
6009:
4716:
4258:
3800:
This became the basis for the four principles of negligence, namely that:
3718:
has a special approach to contracts, which ties into property law. Their '
2966:
techniques) are also important to legal practice, depending on the field.
27:
System of rules and guidelines, generally backed by governmental authority
18457:
18452:
18387:
18382:
18232:
18104:
18059:
18049:
17842:
17837:
17775:
17712:
17495:
17470:
17395:
17355:
17325:
17300:
17280:
17259:
17239:
17219:
17209:
17178:
17043:
16872:
16760:
16685:
16602:
16521:
16514:
16371:
16097:
16065:
16026:
15871:
15797:
15068:
14844:
14804:
14799:
14794:
14703:
14611:
14318:
13707:
13648:
13638:
13435:
13430:
13268:
13169:
13085:
13044:
13011:
12976:
12899:
12823:
12773:
12688:
11579:
11440:
10840:
10365:
9909:
8465:
7670:
7134:
5959:
4910:
4609:
4533:
4521:
4489:
4407:
4403:
4183:
4144:
4133:
involves which materials are admissible in courts for a case to be built.
3906:
3772:
3749:
3697:, can be used to create obligations during pre-contractual negotiations.
3651:
3119:
are regarded as the "traditional core subjects", although there are many
3096:
3092:
2951:
2865:
2861:
2749:
2488:
2474:
2367:
2314:
2264:
2259:
The main institutions of law in industrialised countries are independent
2220:
2191:
1916:
1793:
1776:
1708:
1670:
1620:
1600:
1595:. Modern civil law systems essentially derive from legal codes issued by
1571:
1444:
1400:
1360:
1339:
1333:
1311:
1117:
1079:
1016:
982:
803:
732:
606:
550:
545:
498:
376:
356:
292:
258:
233:
224:
153:
12366:
11329:
Mattei, Ugo (1997). "The Distinction between Common Law and Civil Law".
11202:
10715:
6825:"Civil Law and Common Law: Two Different Paths Leading to the Same Goal"
5804:
5415:
2880:
degree. Higher academic degrees may also be pursued. Examples include a
2410:
member states to bring cases relating to human rights issues before it.
1383:
18840:
18648:
18548:
18397:
18317:
18089:
17980:
17822:
17765:
17742:
17707:
17656:
17646:
17614:
17559:
17385:
17365:
17290:
17254:
17158:
17143:
17068:
16993:
16926:
16765:
16607:
16565:
16509:
16058:
15983:
15949:
15876:
15861:
15849:
15817:
15778:
14524:
14243:
13771:
13700:
13580:
13518:
13263:
13184:
13179:
13137:
13119:
13107:
13068:
12914:
12904:
12864:
12849:
12833:
12783:
12720:
12715:
12347:
12287:
12246:
12124:
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2004). "Locke, Montesquieu the Federalist Papers".
11840:
11779:
11683:
11247:
11233:
10258:
Dicey, Albert Venn (2005). "Parliamentary Sovereignty and Federalism".
9761:
9736:
8898:
7541:
Smith, G. B. (1988). "Socialist Legality and the Soviet Legal System".
6227:
5926:
5903:
5545:
5372:
5199:
5126:
5079:
4776:
4694:
4568:
4497:
4484:
professor and the most cited legal scholar, until 2014 ran a blog with
4328:
4221:
4158:
4052:
3854:
3784:
3762:
3510:
3470:
3166:
3095:, and including constitutional, administrative and criminal law), and "
3088:
2955:
2939:
2719:
2581:
2228:
2069:
1905:
1888:. This is mainly contained in a body of law and jurisprudence known as
1758:
1690:
1655:
1608:
1484:
1461:
1411:
1351:
1152:
1131:
attacked Austin for his simplifications and Kelsen for his fictions in
1093:
1056:
960:
775:
764:
716:
697:
681:
626:
618:
11645:
Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (1997). "Rule of Law and Constitutionalism".
10277:
Dörmann, Knut; Doswald-Beck, Louise; Kolb, Robert (2003). "Appendix".
10083:"The Problem of Social Cost (this online version excludes some parts)"
9139:
7527:
7213:
Divine law... is eternal and cannot be changed by any human authority.
2900:). There are few titles of respect to signify famous lawyers, such as
1586:. Codifications date back millennia, with one early example being the
605:
and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group
18538:
18477:
18034:
17677:
17604:
17589:
17510:
17430:
17425:
17350:
17305:
17285:
17264:
17249:
17229:
17214:
17078:
17038:
16700:
16597:
16526:
16420:
16393:
16042:
16031:
15993:
15886:
13678:
13643:
13585:
13560:
13425:
13322:
13310:
13295:
13283:
13211:
13129:
13102:
12986:
12254:
12233:
12211:
12194:
Re-Examining Progressive Halakhah edited by Walter Jacob, Moshe Zemer
11042:
9744:
5576:"The Public Law-Private Law Distinction in European and American Law"
5407:
5050:
Gibbs, Jack P. (1968). "Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions".
4766:
4644:
4636:
4501:
4439:
4387:
4373:
4353:
4278:
4268:
3996:
3935:
3783:
decided that the manufacturer was liable for Mrs Donoghue's illness.
3656:
3418:
3116:
3035:
2845:
2729:
2594:
2558:
To pass legislation, a majority of the members of a legislature must
2532:
wishes. Although countries like Israel, Greece, Sweden and China are
2511:
2353:
2336:
2073:
2054:
1944:
1885:
1864:
1646:
1530:
1436:
1347:
1299:
1230:
1226:
1182:
1160:
813:
736:
689:
650:
622:
483:
396:
391:
381:
270:
143:
13766:
12339:
12279:
12238:
11832:
11561:"The Role of the State in Contract Law: The Common-Civil Law Divide"
10203:
Law, Culture and Society: Legal Ideas in the Mirror of Social Theory
9728:
7714:
6716:
Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State
6219:
5887:
5610:
5537:
5364:
5110:
5063:
4688:
3386:
the individual can do anything except that which is forbidden by law
18813:
18392:
18129:
17722:
17687:
17661:
17641:
17594:
17405:
17360:
17244:
17148:
17138:
17103:
17073:
16070:
15959:
15881:
15827:
15802:
13727:
13712:
13415:
13300:
13097:
12641:
11068:
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Translated by Mary Gregor)
10101:
9749:
9123:
7519:
4853:
E.g., the court president is a political appointee (Jensen–Heller,
4572:
3967:
in the jewel (a technical concept, meaning evidence that something
3927:
3904:
is a right to a specific piece of property, contrasting to a right
3883:
3871:
3846:
3834:
3690:
3646:
3593:
3520:
3501:
3370:
2947:
2920:
2823:
2685:
1920:
1440:
1427:
was established by the Muslim sultanates and empires, most notably
1319:
1218:
1210:
1206:
925:
763:; by contrast, the public-private law divide is less pronounced in
740:
646:
630:
322:
287:
16965:
16298:
9715:
Anderson, J.N.D. (January 1956). "Law Reform in the Middle East".
8604:"The EU as a Model for the African Union: the Limits of Imitation"
7029:
4632:
2593:
The executive in a legal system serves as the centre of political
2543:
In the 'lower house' politicians are elected to represent smaller
1559:
18850:
18763:
17651:
17619:
17609:
17380:
17340:
17173:
17098:
17083:
17063:
16447:
16053:
16003:
15977:
15854:
15807:
15506:
13617:
13565:
13545:
13493:
13305:
13223:
13039:
13001:
12949:
9847:
Beale, Hugh; Tallon, Denis (2002). "English Law: Consideration".
8314:, Chap. VII, Of Political or Civil_Society. Chapter 7, section 87
7506:
Quigley, J. (1989). "Socialist Law and the Civil Law Tradition".
7199:
Religion, Law and Tradition: Comparative Studies in Religious Law
4736:
4316:
3919:
3366:
2928:
2901:
2896:.), and are constituted in office by legal forms of appointment (
2540:, meaning they have two separately appointed legislative houses.
2341:
2187:
2120:
1909:
1856:
1579:
1190:
950:
787:
748:
658:
654:
610:
238:
15079:
13824:
13811:
12522:
DRAGNET: Search of free legal databases from New York Law School
12002:
The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt
11705:
Redfem, Alan (2004). "Regulation of International Arbitration".
11666:
The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt
10901:
Jakobs, Lesley A. (2004). "Retrieving Equality of Opportunity".
10742:
Hatzis, Aristides N. (November 2002). "The Nature of the Firm".
9679:
The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt
8822:
8820:
8438:
8340:
7938:
7936:
7406:
7322:
7245:. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from
5783:
Bor, Fredric L. (1974). "The nexus between philosophy and law".
3287:, i.e. an internationally accepted legal system, other than the
2762:
were powerful bureaucrats in imperial China (photograph shows a
2754:
2547:. The 'upper house' is usually elected to represent states in a
2111:
Until the 18th century, Sharia law was practiced throughout the
1205:
law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was based on the concept of
807:
17599:
17400:
17188:
17163:
17153:
17123:
17108:
16092:
15964:
15822:
13717:
13570:
13315:
13206:
13201:
13147:
12818:
11540:
Papachristou, T.K. (1999). "The Sociological Approach of Law".
11163:. In R. A. W. Rhodes; Sarah A. Binder; Bert A. Rockman (eds.).
10462:
Constitutions in Crisis: Political Violence and the Rule of Law
7776:
7441:
7178:
6969:
6957:
5252:
4731:
4170:
4044:
3900:
3793:
3757:
3739:
3606:
3422:
3345:
of individuals against the state. Most jurisdictions, like the
3221:, practice and treaties between sovereign nations, such as the
3066:
2681:
2260:
2100:
1889:
1860:
1797:
1424:
642:
614:
14672:
11497:
Manu's Code of Law: A Critical Edition and Translation of the
11306:
Markovits, I. (December 2007). "The Death of Socialist Law?".
9811:
Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities
9631:
9224:
Taff Vale Railway Co v Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants
7113:
7101:
6060:(1956) p. 134 et seq. The original was published in (1945) 22
2664:
or other officials head a country's public offices, such as a
2223:
is the formal application of quantitative methods, especially
1804:
grew up alongside the rigid common law, and developed its own
629:
jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding
17629:
17118:
17053:
15844:
15747:
13658:
13602:
13508:
13349:
13152:
12651:
12550:
9304:
8817:
8261:
8015:(in French). La Préfecture de Police de Paris. Archived from
7933:
7049:"The World Factbook – Field Listing – Legal system"
4365:
3393:
2496:
2023:
1991:
1897:
1874:
1869:
1238:
1214:
744:
701:
12540:
11913:
The Social Contract (translated in English by G. D. H. Cole)
10512:(First edition in English 2004 ed.). Editions Livanis.
9619:
9280:
8659:
Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen
5654:""Public" and "private" law: definition without distinction"
3111:, while trusts law is dealt with under statutory regimes or
2640:(elected by popular vote). The other important model is the
2242:
right to him, and authorise all his actions in like manner.
1959:, the fundamental collection of canon law for over 750 years
1863:—both of which translate as the "path to follow". Christian
963:
argues law is an "authority" to mediate people's interests.
17624:
17048:
13540:
13488:
13344:
12742:
12658:
12545:
12535:
9536:
9534:
4295:
3753:
3743:
3601:
3100:
2559:
2515:
2427:
schools, finding such statutes to be incompatible with the
1978:
1893:
1880:
735:
deals with legal disputes between parties in areas such as
705:
11981:
11285:"Adam Smith and the Modern Discourse of Law and Economics"
9583:
9521:
9519:
9230:
9024:
9022:
7906:
7418:
4913:' poignant comments attached to a previous version of the
4242:
are examples of codified common law commercial principles.
3514:(guilty act). Second, the accused must have the requisite
2802:, a German author who lived in France. In 1765, he wrote:
2732:
famously argued that the state is that which controls the
1471:
gave way to westernisation towards the final years of the
17193:
16271:
List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field
12576:
12571:
12555:
11476:
Ober, Josiah (1996). "The Nature of Athenian Democracy".
10183:. Edinburgh University Press/ Stanford University Press.
9453:
8161:
7896:
7894:
7855:
7719:
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law
7489:
7487:
7052:
7017:
6127:
6125:
5021:
5019:
5017:
4983:
Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992
3570:. Another example is in the 19th-century English case of
2909:
1800:
to be appointed as Lord Chancellor, a systematic body of
1241:, for the entire public to see; this became known as the
351:
12566:
11707:
Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration
11130:
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Law and Polity
10583:
A People's History of the European Court of Human Rights
10581:
Goldhaber, Michael D. (2007). "Europe's Supreme Court".
10260:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
10016:
Churchill, Winston (1986). "Problems of War and Peace".
9781:
Arnold, Thurman W. (1935). "The Symbols of Government".
9531:
8126:
8124:
7923:
7921:
7460:
7325:"Apostolic Constitution Sacri Canones John Paul II 1990"
6804:
6492:
3775:(intended for the consumption of Donoghue) in a café in
3315:
759:
countries, particularly those with a separate system of
15897:
11237:
10975:
10602:
An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Private Law
10276:
10219:
9607:
9595:
9571:
9516:
9207:
e.g. concerning a British politician and the Iraq War,
9019:
8904:
8837:
8835:
7879:
7394:
7297:
6608:
6606:
6570:
6380:
6095:
4424:
and clauses to directives on airline baggage insurance.
4173:
focuses on the intersection of law and the biosciences.
2072:
during the medieval period through its preservation of
1197:
The history of law links closely to the development of
12581:
12303:
Wilson, William (2003). "Understanding Criminal Law".
12192:
Washofsky, Mark (2002). "Taking Precedent Seriously".
11986:. The Hague/London/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher.
9465:
9292:
8910:
8401:
7891:
7867:
7484:
6516:
6142:
6140:
6122:
5014:
4430:
is increasingly important, especially in light of the
3380:
The fundamental constitutional principle, inspired by
3213:
concerns relationships between sovereign nations. The
2446:. The UK, Finland and New Zealand assert the ideal of
2340:
profession is an important part of people's access to
1994:') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by
949:
describes law as an "interpretive concept" to achieve
12266:
Wehberg, Hans (October 1959). "Pacta Sunt Servanda".
11758:(January 1992). "The Justification of Bicameralism".
10622:; Hunt, Alan (2001) . "Max Weber and Eugen Ehrlich".
10600:
Gordley, James R.; von Mehren, Arthur Taylor (2006).
9566:
Rechtstheoritische Probleme der Sociologie des Rechts
9441:
8149:
8121:
8086:
7918:
6691:
Morality and Justice in Islamic Economics and Finance
5695:"Public And Private Law: A Private Lawyer's Response"
4390:
law, is an evolving field that traces as far back as
4208:
covers complex contract and property law. The law of
4167:
is the practice of law concerning business and money.
3942:. An example of a basic case of most property law is
3655:
The famous Carbolic Smoke Ball advertisement to cure
2130:
Saudi Arabia recognises the Quran as its constitution
988:
10034:
9316:
8832:
8573:"Why the African Union wants to be more like the EU"
7750:. Supreme Court of the United States. Archived from
7715:"Chinese Constitutionalism: Five-Power Constitution"
7472:
7353:(New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1984), pg. 70.
7218:
6792:
6780:
6768:
6756:
6744:
6732:
6670:
6603:
6504:
6392:
6158:
Holmes, Oliver Wendell. "The Path of Law" (1897) 10
6067:
5264:
4684:
4585:
may prevent this. So the law ought to pre-empt what
3174:
Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union
1633:. Western Europe, meanwhile, relied on a mix of the
11990:
10527:Georgiadis, Apostolos S. (1997). "Sources of Law".
10458:"Constitutional Dissolution in the Weimar Republic"
10238:
9828:Bayles, Michael D. (1992). "A Critique of Austin".
8783:
7366:(Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1896), pg. 51.
7035:
7005:
6993:
6981:
6540:
6528:
6137:
4539:The most prominent economic analyst of law is 1991
4438:. Environmental protection also serves to penalise
4107:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
3771:. A friend of Donoghue ordered an opaque bottle of
3421:. Election law addresses issues who is entitled to
3336:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2034:; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.
1653:. Then, in the 19th century, both France, with the
1229:statements ("if … then ..."). Around 1760 BC,
1112:) instructing us to obey. Kelsen's major opponent,
1082:continued the positivist tradition in his book the
676:jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body
12438:Opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States
12100:
11959:"Zu welcher Classe von Rechten gehört der Besitz?"
11614:
11469:Zur Genealogie der Moral – Eine Streitschrift
11289:Adam Smith and the Philosophy of Law and Economics
11002:
10977:
10678:Hamilton, Michael S., and George W. Spiro (2008).
10559:
10413:
9913:
9390:
8249:
7591:, 130 S.Ct. 1605, 1614, 559 U.S. 573, 587 (2010),
6552:
6188:. Second Edition. Blackstone Press Limited. 1996.
6112:
6110:
5958:
4420:could include anything from regulations on unfair
2123:code in the 19th century being a first attempt at
2014:, and the individual national churches within the
1649:, continued to spread throughout Europe until the
1419:, and was cited across Southeast Asia. During the
715:The scope of law can be divided into two domains:
11523:The New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe
10599:
9064:"§ 105 BGB Nichtigkeit der Willenserklärung"
7956:The New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe
7184:
7119:
7107:
6975:
6963:
6628:Law and Language: Current Legal Issues, Volume 15
6404:
5957:
5621:(961). Social Science Research Network: 691–702.
5031:
4457:
2904:, to indicate barristers of greater dignity, and
1075:, and cannot be labeled as "moral" or "immoral".
18894:
12261:. The Free Press of Glencoe. ASIN B-000-LRHAX-2.
12237:
12214:(1978). "Bureaucracy and Political Leadership".
12145:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
11688:The Authority of Law, Essays on Law and Morality
11287:. In Paul Malloy, Robin; Evensky, Jerry (eds.).
10982:. In Jensen, Eric G.; Heller, Thomas C. (eds.).
9999:A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy
6425:Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
5921:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 18–19.
5853:. Berlin/Wisconsin: Galda and Wilch Publishing.
5227:
3625:. On the international field, 111 countries are
3558:in 1961, an example of a criminal law proceeding
3107:systems, contract and tort fall under a general
3005:distinguished the "state" from "civil society" (
2660:, the military and police, and the bureaucracy.
1915:A number of countries are sharia jurisdictions.
1499:lasting fifteen years, in 2001 China joined the
770:Law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into
12370:(1997). "The System of Intellectual Property".
11544:(in Greek). Athens: A.N. Sakkoulas Publishers.
10439:The Internationalization of the Practice of Law
9977:
9748:
9698:Bureaucracy (Key Concepts in Political Science)
9371:. The Law Society. January 2008. Archived from
8867:
8826:
8715:
6107:
5522:"The History of the Public/Private Distinction"
5322:"Congressional Responses to Judicial Decisions"
2919:Once accredited, a lawyer will often work in a
2186:, which holds sway in civil law legal systems,
1116:, rejected both positivism and the idea of the
823:
817:
11348:Matthews, Paul (1995). "The Man of Property".
10640:
10345:Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law
8051:The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation
7942:
4504:law. The most influential proponents, such as
3283:is the first and so far the only example of a
2333:to manage the employment of public officials.
633:, including arbitration agreements that adopt
17009:
16314:
16136:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
15763:
15739:
15522:
15095:
14688:
14540:
14259:
13840:
12597:
12556:British and Irish Legal Information Institute
11165:The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions
10415:"'Independence' and the Judiciary in the PRC"
9951:
7267:
6318:Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Law
5919:Justice and Injustice in Law and Legal Theory
5184:
4787:Translating "law" to other European languages
3353:, have a single codified constitution with a
3217:for public international law development are
2041:, predating the evolution of modern European
1439:and various scholars of Islam. In India, the
1063:problem. Bentham and Austin argued for law's
575:
195:
17515:
14661:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
12577:Southern African Legal Information Institute
11890:
11847:
11740:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
11539:
11085:
10660:Hallaq, Wael Bahjat (2005). "Introduction".
10618:
10545:
9637:
9625:
8617:(2). Miami – Florida European Union Center.
8444:
8346:
7833:"Jurisprudence, publications, documentation"
7412:
7380:. University of Chicago Press. p. 116.
6829:Victoria University of Wellington Law Review
5917:Sarat, Austin; Kearns, Thomas, eds. (1996).
5611:"Public Law, Private Law, and Legal Science"
5248:"Is Law an Art or a Science?: A Bit of Both"
4959:A.C. 532, 1932 S.C. (H.L.) 31, All ER Rep 1
3613:, state supervision (such as probation), or
3225:. Public international law can be formed by
37:"Legal" redirects here. For other uses, see
17451:
12572:Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute
12142:
11736:Richardson, W.E.J. (2004). "Introduction".
11516:
11435:
11124:
10976:Jensen, Eric G.; Heller, Thomas C. (2003).
10795:Hazard, Geoffrey C.; Dondi, Angelo (2004).
10794:
10549:(1975). "Characteristics of Modern Islam".
10057:(November 1937). "The Nature of the Firm".
10035:Clarke, Paul A. B.; Linzey, Andrew (1996).
9846:
9189:
9187:
8804:'s seminal treatise of 1763–1764 is titled
8722:International Journal of Constitutional Law
8486:
8278:
8276:
8267:
8167:
6693:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 62–63.
5916:
4085:. These are laid down in codes such as the
3787:took a distinctly moral approach and said:
3169:has original text related to this article:
2502:Prominent examples of legislatures are the
1421:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
1331:
892:
719:concerns government and society, including
597:is a set of rules that are created and are
17016:
17002:
16321:
16307:
15770:
15756:
15529:
15515:
15102:
15088:
14695:
14681:
14547:
14533:
14266:
14252:
13847:
13833:
12604:
12590:
11735:
11723:
11644:
11635:
11558:
10531:(in Greek). Ant. N. Sakkoulas Publishers.
10526:
10391:"Criminal Responsibility and Criminal Law"
10239:Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli; Levine, Ross (2001).
10197:
10175:
10153:
10037:Dictionary of Ethics, Theology and Society
9601:
9589:
9577:
9525:
9337:Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew
9028:
8716:Chalmers, D.; Barroso, L. (7 April 2014).
7375:
6498:
5393:
3633:, which was established to try people for
3409:A sub-discipline of constitutional law is
2852:In order to maintain professionalism, the
2461:may invalidate such laws, and in Iran the
1868:detailed legal systems. For instance, the
582:
568:
202:
188:
12268:The American Journal of International Law
12191:
12156:. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.
11794:
11609:
11463:
11322:10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.3.081806.112849
11305:
11181:
11132:(in Greek). Athens: Editions Kazantzakis.
10604:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10580:
10015:
9665:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
8733:
8601:
7873:
7861:
7777:"The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom"
7493:
7323:Blessed John Paul II, Ap. Const. (1990).
7236:
6869:"Introduction to Civil Law Legal Systems"
6840:
6624:
5710:
5669:
5198:
5025:
4451:International Civil Aviation Organisation
4228:and sales law trace back to the medieval
2626:members of federal and state legislatures
1816:. In the 19th century in England, and in
17023:
14554:
14273:
13749:History of the American legal profession
12551:Australasian Legal Information Institute
12541:Commonwealth Legal Information Institute
12368:World Intellectual Property Organization
12151:
12123:
12023:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
11903:
11517:Olson, David M.; Norton, Philip (1996).
11494:
11347:
11255:Luban, David (2001). "Law's Blindfold".
10954:
10929:Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal
10682:, 4th ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
10662:The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law
10504:
10295:
10241:Financial Structures and Economic Growth
9996:
9890:Bergkamp, Lucas (2001). "Introduction".
9889:
9808:
9785:. New Haven: Yale University Press: 379.
9714:
9676:
9540:
9286:
9184:
8970:"The States Parties to the Rome Statute"
8273:
7712:
7466:
7400:
6101:
6031:Mc Coubrey, Hilaire and White, Nigel D.
5573:
5095:"Toward a Comparative Definition of Law"
4961:). See the original text of the case in
4631:
4472:
4294:
4286:, property, liability, and other issues.
4038:
4000:
3870:
3650:
3550:(standing in glass booth at left) being
3542:
3329:
3191:
3120:
2979:
2753:
2689:
2580:
2478:
2357:
1948:
1698:
1684:
1558:
1539:
1382:
1176:
998:
941:argued that law is a "system of rules";
609:or by a single legislator, resulting in
18599:Reflections on the Revolution in France
12567:New Zealand Legal Information Institute
12265:
12102:"Early Horizons of Justice in the West"
12018:
11953:
11931:
11729:Max Weber on Law and Economy in Society
11519:"Legislatures in Democratic Transition"
11309:Annual Review of Law and Social Science
11273:
11257:Conflict of Interest in the Professions
11139:A Short History of Western Legal Theory
11000:
10864:Living Law: Reconsidering Eugen Ehrlich
10861:
10411:
10388:
10339:
10317:
10001:. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing.
9916:Modern Corporation and Private Property
9613:
9298:
8611:Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series
8375:
7745:"A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court"
7508:The American Journal of Comparative Law
7505:
7286:(Oxford University Press, 2015) pg. 13.
7284:Law: A Very Short Introduction, 2nd Ed.
7196:
7167:Book the First – Chapter the First
6822:
6713:
6577:. Oxford University Press. p. 14.
6522:
6449:
6422:
6261:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
6184:McCoubrey, Hilaire and White, Nigel D.
6131:
5848:
5748:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199296064.013.0024
5733:
5519:
5359:(1). Cambridge University Press: 3–43.
5151:
5099:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
4948:
4946:
4823:) or legislation, and "unwritten law" (
4348:Regulation deals with the provision of
3524:(guilty mind). However, for so called "
2734:monopoly on the legitimate use of force
14:
18895:
12321:
12302:
12170:
11999:
11848:Rottleuthner, Hubert (December 1989).
11816:
11760:International Political Science Review
11704:
11663:
11647:The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System
11384:
11328:
11282:
11023:
10919:
10900:
10880:
10839:
10741:
10693:
10659:
10478:
9865:
9827:
9780:
9695:
9447:
9352:Nestlé v National Westminster Bank plc
9322:
9236:
9094:The Structure of Unjust Enrichment Law
8916:
8841:
8570:
8536:The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System
8407:
8092:
7912:
7900:
7639:
7478:
7424:
7304:from the original on 28 September 2011
7289:
7270:Gender in History: Global Perspectives
7089:from the original on 10 September 2014
7023:
6688:
6612:
6452:"Egyptian Law, Saite to Roman Periods"
6398:
6342:
6205:
6073:
6016:Dennis Lloyd, Baron Lloyd of Hampstead
5740:The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law
5692:
5651:
5608:
5350:
5319:
5270:
5185:Núñez Vaquero, Álvaro (10 June 2013).
5037:
4029:
3886:law governs ownership and possession.
3705:, but are also more likely to enforce
3071:European Economic and Social Committee
2908:, to indicate a person who obtained a
2675:
2158:Socialist law is the legal systems in
2061:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
1563:First page of the 1804 edition of the
635:alternative ways of resolving disputes
494:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
16997:
16302:
16223:National Endowment for the Humanities
16208:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
15751:
15738:
15510:
15083:
14676:
14528:
14247:
13828:
13815:
12585:
12502:from the original on 26 December 2005
12425:from the original on 10 November 2006
12388:
12372:Introduction to Intellectual Property
12354:from the original on 12 February 2020
12322:Willis, Hugh Evander (January 1926).
12253:
12232:
12210:
12143:Théodoridés, Aristide (1999). "law".
12095:
12072:
12037:
11850:"La Sociologie du Droit en Allemagne"
11754:
11621:. New York: Oxford University Press.
11502:. New York: Oxford University Press.
11403:
11276:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
11254:
11239:"Second Treatise of Government"
11232:
11155:
11136:
11005:The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology
10813:
10770:
10744:European Journal of Law and Economics
10557:
10351:
10257:
10181:Emile Durkheim: Law in a Moral Domain
10159:The Sociology of Law: An Introduction
10131:
10077:
10053:
9908:
9743:
9653:
9471:
9459:
9396:
9310:
9210:George Galloway v Telegraph Group Ltd
8905:Dörmann, Doswald-Beck & Kolb 2003
8742:from the original on 26 February 2020
8487:D'Amato, Anthony (11 November 2010).
8255:
8181:The Sunday Times v The United Kingdom
8155:
8130:
7927:
7885:
7725:from the original on 25 February 2022
7652:from the original on 20 December 2019
7621:from the original on 25 February 2021
7604:
7540:
7224:
7011:
6999:
6987:
6945:from the original on 22 December 2019
6849:from the original on 8 September 2019
6810:
6798:
6786:
6774:
6762:
6750:
6738:
6676:
6558:
6546:
6510:
6464:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935390.013.48
6375:Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism
5873:
5764:from the original on 31 December 2019
5693:Samuel, Geoffrey (1 September 1983).
5590:from the original on 12 February 2020
5526:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
5501:from the original on 31 December 2019
5497:. New York University School of Law.
5445:from the original on 31 December 2019
5332:from the original on 31 December 2019
5301:from the original on 31 December 2019
5282:
5260:from the original on 3 November 2018.
5245:
5233:
5215:from the original on 31 December 2019
5166:from the original on 31 December 2019
5092:
5049:
4109:legally binding in all member states
4087:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4009:, London, England, early 19th century
3316:Constitutional and administrative law
2609:, whose office holds power under the
2459:Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt
2234:
1896:respectively. Another example is the
1483:'s nationalists, who fled there, and
1193:, also revered as the god of justice.
668:, with their differences analysed in
16952:
16218:Moscow University for the Humanities
16189:Arts and Humanities Research Council
16146:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
12561:Canadian Legal Information Institute
12060:from the original on 19 January 2012
11991:Sealy, L.S.; Hooley, R.J.A. (2003).
11475:
11451:from the original on 18 January 2009
11423:from the original on 6 December 2006
11061:
10730:
10455:
10436:
10354:Legal Issues of Economic Integration
10119:from the original on 4 November 2018
9869:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law
9813:. The University of Michigan Press.
9789:
9663:Oxford Encyclopedia of Legal History
9074:from the original on 9 December 2006
8853:Dennis J. Baker, Glanville Williams
8789:
8624:from the original on 1 November 2019
8559:International Commercial Arbitration
8489:"Is International Law Really 'Law'?"
8284:The Globalisation of Legal Education
8074:from the original on 15 January 2009
7843:from the original on 9 February 2007
6534:
6450:Lippert, Sandra (11 February 2016).
6386:
5987:participating institution membership
5824:The Library of Economics and Liberty
5463:
5328:. Gale MacMillan. pp. 400–403.
4943:
4516:of economists and lawyers including
4111:except Poland and the United Kingdom
3986:
3733:
3126:
2931:. In addition a lawyer may become a
851:
18709:The End of History and the Last Man
18619:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
16328:
12496:Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
12454:from the original on 5 January 2009
11969:from the original on 6 October 2008
11682:
11597:from the original on 3 January 2020
10820:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
9982:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
9958:Commentaries on the Laws of England
9932:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
9924:
9562:La Sociologie du Droit en Allemagne
9146:from the original on 1 January 2020
9105:
8697:from the original on 9 January 2009
8583:from the original on 1 January 2020
8325:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
8237:from the original on 6 October 2014
8211:from the original on 6 October 2014
7607:"The Importance of Being Empirical"
7163:Commentaries on the Laws of England
6480:from the original on 3 January 2020
6410:
6349:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6279:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6146:
6116:
5782:
5736:"Comparative Law and Legal History"
5615:American Journal of Comparative Law
5428:
4747:Legal research in the United States
4091:European Convention on Human Rights
3683:intention to create legal relations
3621:, legal research, legislation, and
3504:case of a crime lies in the proof,
3016:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2833:
2030:was originally a rule adopted by a
1059:, believed that this conflated the
621:; or established by judges through
24:
15536:
12411:
12218:. University of California Press.
11045:Global Civil Society Yearbook 2003
10827:from the original on 17 April 2021
10643:Presidents, Parliaments and Policy
10626:. Athens: Transaction Publishers.
10492:from the original on 17 April 2021
10071:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
9872:. American Philosophical Society.
8718:"What Van Gend en Loos stands for"
8667:from the original on 21 March 2007
8503:from the original on 3 August 2020
8493:Northwestern University Law Review
7575:An Introduction to Legal Reasoning
7331:from the original on 24 March 2016
7295:
6591:from the original on 15 April 2021
5712:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1983.tb02534.x
5671:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1980.tb01592.x
5633:from the original on 28 April 2020
5520:Horwitz, Morton J. (1 June 1982).
5488:
5292:James Cook University Mayo Lecture
4589:happen, and be guided by the most
4319:involves regulations that concern
3256:, or private international law in
2018:. The way that such church law is
1761:). In medieval England during the
1727:. The "doctrine of precedent", or
1314:. Although codes were replaced by
1292:innovations in the development of
1078:In 1934, the Austrian philosopher
1055:and his student Austin, following
989:Connection to morality and justice
755:. This distinction is stronger in
25:
18924:
15109:
13854:
13816:
12733:Restitution and unjust enrichment
12546:Asian Legal Information Institute
12536:World Legal Information Institute
12515:
12389:Paolo, Silvestri (11 June 2014).
12174:Civil Society and Good Governance
11568:Yale Journal of International Law
10955:Jary, David; Jary, Julia (1995).
10553:(in Greek). Athens: Poreuthentes.
10420:Law, Capitalism and Power in Asia
10418:. In Jayasuriya, Kanishka (ed.).
9939:from the original on 26 June 2007
9783:American Political Science Review
9366:"A Guide to the Treaty of Lisbon"
8602:Babarinde, Olufemi (April 2007).
7783:from the original on 24 July 2019
6915:from the original on 22 July 2016
6885:from the original on 18 June 2020
6272:
5817:
5326:Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court
5133:from the original on 19 July 2018
4654:The Division of Labour in Society
4376:are regulated industries in most
4356:is one example. Especially since
3818:the harm would not have occurred
3235:International Labour Organisation
3091:" (a term related closely to the
3073:) exclude the political parties.
2778:derives from the French word for
2115:in a non-codified form, with the
1990:'a straight measuring rod; a
18679:The Open Society and Its Enemies
16975:
16964:
16951:
16940:
16939:
15063:
15054:
15053:
14389:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
14155:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
13925:Democratic Republic of the Congo
13780:
13779:
13765:
12478:from the original on 2 July 2017
12147:. Routledge (UK). 0-415-18589-0.
12047:Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review
11333:. University of Michigan Press.
11095:(in Greek). Athens: I. Sideris.
10301:The Division of Labor in Society
9965:from the original on 5 July 2011
9546:
9503:
9490:
9477:
9429:from the original on 19 May 2010
9415:
9402:
9358:
9344:
9328:
9266:
9242:
9216:
9201:
9170:
9158:
9099:
9086:
9056:
9034:
9005:
8992:
8962:
8949:
8922:
8879:
8860:
8847:
8795:
8770:
8754:
8709:
8679:
8649:
8636:
8595:
8564:
8551:
8528:
8515:
8480:
8462:About the United Nations/History
8450:
8413:
8388:
8369:
8352:
8317:
8302:
8289:
8223:
8197:
8173:
8136:
8098:
8056:
8043:
8031:
8004:
7974:
7961:
7948:
7825:
7795:
7769:
7737:
7706:
7690:
7664:
7633:
7598:
7580:
7567:
7534:
7499:
7430:
7369:
7356:
7343:
7316:
7276:
7261:
7230:
6355:from the original on 9 June 2007
6285:from the original on 9 June 2007
6058:Philosophy, Politics and Society
5830:from the original on 2 July 2019
5609:Saiman, Chaim N. (6 July 2008).
5495:Hauser Global Law School Program
5246:Rubin, Basha (13 January 2015).
4991:
4975:
4927:
4903:
4890:
4877:
4864:
4847:
4838:
4687:
4482:University of Chicago Law School
4386:, known in the United States as
3159:
2969:
2890:Bar Professional Training Course
2177:
2147:
2066:canon law of the Catholic Church
1838:
1506:
1494:, which essentially prioritises
1209:and characterised by tradition,
645:encoded therein. The law shapes
65:
17486:Family as a model for the state
16894:List of social science journals
16266:Humanities in the United States
16114:American Journal of Archaeology
14702:
13744:History of the legal profession
11984:International Institutional Law
11649:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
10958:Collins Dictionary of Sociology
10780:. University of Chicago Press.
10696:The Journal of Economic History
10529:General Principles of Civil Law
10441:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
9894:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
9646:
9277:(1722) 93 ER 664, 1 Strange 505
8644:International Institutional Law
8523:International Institutional Law
7642:"The rise of statistics in law"
7190:
7155:
7141:
7125:
7071:
7041:
7036:Demirgüç-Kunt & Levine 2001
6927:
6897:
6861:
6816:
6707:
6682:
6657:
6618:
6564:
6443:
6431:
6416:
6367:
6336:
6323:
6310:
6297:
6266:
6250:
6234:
6199:
6178:
6165:
6152:
6079:
6050:
6025:
5993:
5951:
5910:
5867:
5842:
5811:
5776:
5727:
5686:
5645:
5602:
5567:
5513:
5482:
5464:Otto, Jan Michiel, ed. (2010).
5457:
5422:
5387:
5344:
5313:
5276:
4829:General Principles of Civil Law
4813:
4799:
4594:analysing the costs of action.
3860:
3640:
3484:
3197:United Nations Security Council
3076:
1757:, and the Canadian province of
18836:Separation of church and state
18734:Collectivism and individualism
18689:The Origins of Totalitarianism
16851:Science and technology studies
16141:Journal of Controversial Ideas
15777:
15557:Federated States of Micronesia
15021:British Indian Ocean Territory
12128:. Cambridge University Press.
12081:. Cambridge University Press.
12021:Cannibalism and the Common Law
11480:. Princeton University Press.
11191:Catholic University Law Review
11071:. Cambridge University Press.
10905:. Cambridge University Press.
10664:. Cambridge University Press.
10645:. Cambridge University Press.
10397:. Oxford University Press US.
10281:. Cambridge University Press.
9700:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
8944:Cannibalism and the Common Law
7545:. Palgrave. pp. 137–162.
7272:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 37.
6689:Chapra, Muhammad Umer (2014).
6245:The World's Legal Philosophies
5239:
5187:"Five Models of Legal Science"
5178:
5145:
5086:
5043:
4458:Intersection with other fields
4442:within domestic legal systems.
4192:Joint Stock Companies Act 1856
4095:European Court of Human Rights
3247:International Court of Justice
3233:to prevent World War II), the
2743:
2468:
2329:for auditing oversight and an
2207:United States Attorney General
1827:In developing the common law,
1517:List of national legal systems
459:Alternative dispute resolution
13:
1:
18876:Category:Political philosophy
18749:Critique of political economy
12109:. Stanford University Press.
12077:Roman Law in European History
11640:. Cambridge University Press.
11389:. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
11331:Comparative Law and Economics
11274:Mallory, J.P. (1997). "Law".
10986:. Stanford University Press.
10799:. Stanford University Press.
10562:Legal Traditions of the World
10551:Islam – A General Survey
10262:. Adamant Media Corporation.
10137:Law : the Art of Justice
8868:Brody, Acker & Logan 2001
8827:Brody, Acker & Logan 2001
8378:Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte
7640:Posner, Eric (24 July 2015).
7351:American Law: An Introduction
7268:Wiesner-Hanks, Merry (2011).
7185:Gordley & von Mehren 2006
7120:Gordley & von Mehren 2006
7108:Gordley & von Mehren 2006
6976:Gordley & von Mehren 2006
6964:Gordley & von Mehren 2006
6090:Introduction to Jurisprudence
6020:Introduction to Jurisprudence
5574:Merryman, John Henry (1968).
5008:
4808:Roman Law in European History
4547:, whose first major article,
4524:, are generally advocates of
4261:, and injuries to passengers.
3756:under common law systems and
3576:, which tested a defence of "
3003:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
2094:
1783:English Court of Common Pleas
1163:, rather than jurisprudence.
1019:, on the other hand, such as
18774:Institutional discrimination
18769:History of political thought
17501:Negative and positive rights
16161:Revue des Études Arméniennes
14514:United States Virgin Islands
12374:. Kluwer Law International.
10920:Jakoby, Stanford M. (2005).
10903:Pursuing Equal Opportunities
10585:. Rutgers University Press.
10347:. Transaction Books reprint.
10325:. Harvard University Press.
10090:Journal of Law and Economics
8974:International Criminal Court
8571:Gaffey, Conor (4 May 2016).
8539:International Criminal Court
6331:Nietzsche in Law's Cathedral
5652:Harlow, Carol (1 May 1980).
4987:National Labor Relations Act
4722:Resources in other libraries
4652:, wrote in his classic work
4597:
4462:
4434:and the potential danger of
3631:International Criminal Court
3552:tried and sentenced to death
3139:Sources of international law
2958:and trusts. Negotiation and
2696:South African Police Service
2570:
2347:
2045:and common law systems. The
1979:
1938:
1548:
1189:by the Mesopotamian sun god
995:Rule according to higher law
793:
641:, written or tacit, and the
7:
18784:Justification for the state
18569:Two Treatises of Government
12472:Online Etymology Dictionary
12107:Human Law and Human Justice
11955:Savigny, Friedrich Carl von
11915:(in French). Archived from
11731:. Harvard University Press.
11690:. Oxford University Press.
11638:The State and Civil Society
11283:Malloy, Robin Paul (1994).
11259:. Oxford University Press.
11244:Two Treatises of Government
11167:. Oxford University Press.
11141:. Oxford University Press.
11047:. Oxford University Press.
10862:Hertogh, Marc, ed. (2009).
10777:The Constitution of Liberty
10566:. Oxford University Press.
10485:The Red Lily (Le lys rouge)
10464:. Oxford University Press.
10161:. Oxford University Press.
8360:The State and Civil Society
8233:. Collins Dictionary. n.d.
8231:"American English: Esquire"
8207:. Collins Dictionary. n.d.
8068:Online Etymology Dictionary
7551:10.1007/978-1-349-19172-7_7
7237:Boudinhon, Auguste (1910).
6631:. Oxford University Press.
6458:. Oxford University Press.
5468:. Leiden University Press.
5353:Journal of Law and Religion
4680:
4271:, trademarks, patents, and
3243:International Monetary Fund
3227:international organisations
2630:Queen of the United Kingdom
2420:Brown v. Board of Education
2278:Two Treatises of Government
2275:itself. John Locke, in his
2022:, interpreted and at times
1376:precedent laid down by the
1249:, and has since been fully
1127:Later in the 20th century,
1061:"is" and what "ought to be"
664:Legal systems vary between
613:; by the executive through
10:
18929:
17454:Bellum omnium contra omnes
13411:International legal theory
12890:International slavery laws
12885:International human rights
12880:International criminal law
12419:"House of Lords Judgments"
12038:Smith, Stephen A. (2003).
11995:. LexisNexis Butterworths.
11909:"Book II: Chapter 6 (Law)"
11820:William and Mary Quarterly
11772:10.1177/019251219201300107
11559:Pargendler, Maria (2018).
11495:Olivelle, Patrick (2005).
11026:Eckpfeiler Des Zivilrechts
10935:(1): 43–78. Archived from
10737:. Oxford University Press.
10558:Glenn, H. Patrick (2000).
10303:. The Free Press reprint.
10020:. Houghton Mifflin Books.
9654:Ahmad, Ahmad Atif (2009).
9511:The Problem of Social Cost
9498:The Problem of Social Cost
9485:The Problem of Social Cost
8205:"British English: Esquire"
7982:"History of Police Forces"
7943:Haggard & Shugart 2001
7376:A. Brundag, James (2010).
5785:Journal of Legal Education
4833:Taking Precedent Seriously
4601:
4564:The Problem of Social Cost
4466:
4200:separate legal personality
3990:
3977:Friedrich Carl von Savigny
3864:
3804:Stevenson owed Donoghue a
3737:
3644:
3488:
3319:
3260:countries, concerns which
3142:
3136:
3130:
3099:" (which covers contract,
3080:
2973:
2837:
2747:
2679:
2574:
2472:
2433:United States Constitution
2388:the Supreme Court of India
2351:
2168:People's Republic of China
2151:
2104:
2098:
2012:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1968:
1942:
1848:
1842:
1688:
1552:
1510:
1170:
1166:
992:
896:
855:
526:Peace and conflict studies
433:Mutual assured destruction
74:Foundations and Philosophy
36:
29:
18871:
18721:
18490:
18138:
17871:
17751:
17670:
17582:
17573:
17439:
17273:
17202:
17031:
16935:
16902:
16886:
16633:
16359:
16336:
16276:Outline of the humanities
16256:Criticism of mass culture
16236:
16228:National Humanities Medal
16181:
16106:
15937:
15785:
15745:
15740:Links to related articles
15648:
15625:
15544:
15488:
15440:
15402:
15117:
15049:
15008:
14968:
14710:
14635:
14562:
14489:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
14407:
14281:
14168:
14143:
13862:
13822:
13759:
13736:
13626:
13464:Administration of justice
13449:
13358:
13249:
13128:
13030:
12751:
12619:
12563:(archived 4 October 2006)
11636:Pelczynski, A.Z. (1984).
10708:10.1017/S0022050700015059
9892:Liability and Environment
9260:22 September 2017 at the
9251:Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd
9106:Lee, R. W. (April 1918).
8806:On Crimes and Punishments
8190:16 September 2006 at the
8115:14 September 2014 at the
7713:Caldwell, Ernest (2016).
7243:The Catholic Encyclopedia
7201:. Routledge. p. 51.
6842:10.26686/vuwlr.v32i3.5873
6186:Textbook on Jurisprudence
6033:Textbook on Jurisprudence
5966:Oxford English Dictionary
5489:Raisch, Marylin Johnson.
5093:Akers, Ronald L. (1965).
4898:Liability and Environment
4717:Resources in your library
4620:, dispute processing and
4343:Wall Street Crash of 1929
4305:Wall Street Crash of 1929
4265:Intellectual property law
4043:A trade union protest by
3849:. A better known tort is
3518:to do a criminal act, or
3406:assumed power in France.
3309:Van Gend en Loos decision
3305:European Court of Justice
3113:international conventions
2898:being admitted to the bar
2510:in Washington, D.C., the
2448:parliamentary sovereignty
2205:Law professor and former
1582:passed by government—and
1521:Comparative legal history
1378:European Court of Justice
1221:had formulated the first
684:systems, judges may make
678:codifies and consolidates
136:Methodological background
18659:The Revolt of the Masses
16261:Educational essentialism
15898:Interdisciplinary fields
15703:Northern Mariana Islands
14770:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
14509:Turks and Caicos Islands
13910:Central African Republic
13241:Basic structure doctrine
13091:Natural and legal rights
12972:Public international law
12528:3 September 2013 at the
12171:Warren, Mark E. (1999).
12019:Simpson, A.W.B. (1984).
11933:Salazar, Philippe-Joseph
11182:Linarelli, John (2004).
11089:The State in Transitions
10845:The Concept of Injustice
10547:Giannoulatos, Anastasios
10389:Feinman, Jay M. (2006).
9884:Roman ars boni et aequi.
9626:Gurvitch & Hunt 2001
9423:"The Becker-Posner Blog"
8938:28 February 2005 at the
8855:Textbook of Criminal Law
8811:Dei delitti e delle pene
8419:Kaldor–Anheier–Glasius,
7986:History.com Encyclopedia
7807:Bundesverfassungsgericht
7152:(1818) 2 Swans. 402, 414
6911:. University of Ottawa.
6823:Pejovic, Caslav (2001).
6345:"The Pure Theory of Law"
6305:Zur Genealogie der Moral
6208:The Philosophical Review
6086:Baron Lloyd of Hampstead
6037:Blackstone Press Limited
6005:Book II: Chapter 6 (Law)
5285:"The Judge as Law-maker"
5162:. A. Williams & Co.
5052:Law & Society Review
4968:16 February 2007 at the
4792:
4303:trading floor after the
4147:. Both also involve the
3958:Lord Chief Justice Pratt
3752:are grouped together as
3293:World Trade Organization
3275:New York Convention 1958
3239:World Trade Organisation
3211:Public international law
3153:Public international law
3011:bürgerliche Gesellschaft
2710:'s system of travelling
2485:House of Representatives
2397:Bundesverfassungsgericht
2200:statutory interpretation
2078:presumption of innocence
1996:ecclesiastical authority
1878:(reasoning by analogy),
1659:, and Germany, with the
1555:Civil law (legal system)
1501:World Trade Organization
1031:through the writings of
899:Analytical jurisprudence
893:Analytical jurisprudence
521:Non-aggression principle
479:Conflict style inventory
283:Nonviolent Communication
18639:The Communist Manifesto
17565:Tyranny of the majority
17476:Consent of the governed
16539:international relations
15668:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
15031:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
13421:Principle of typicality
12895:International trade law
12611:
12152:VerSteeg, Russ (2002).
11869:10.3406/dreso.1989.1026
11800:Crimes Against Humanity
11709:. Sweet & Maxwell.
10984:Beyond Common Knowledge
10756:10.1023/A:1020749518104
10139:. Beaux Arts Editions.
9830:Hart's Legal Philosophy
9696:Albrow, Martin (1970).
9047:11 January 2007 at the
8930:R v Dudley and Stephens
8396:Crimes Against Humanity
8268:Hazard & Dondi 2004
8168:Hazard & Dondi 2004
8110:Bureaucratic Management
7684:3 February 2007 at the
7605:Heise, Michael (1999).
7349:Friedman, Lawrence M.,
6876:Federal Judicial Center
6456:Oxford Handbooks Online
6343:Marmor, Andrei (1934).
5971:Oxford University Press
5283:Mason, Anthony (1996).
4301:New York Stock Exchange
4284:space commercialisation
4240:Uniform Commercial Code
3983:with our surroundings.
3808:to provide safe drinks;
3635:crimes against humanity
3573:R v Dudley and Stephens
3506:beyond reasonable doubt
2886:Master of Legal Studies
2319:Five Power Constitution
2008:Eastern Orthodox Church
1929:Eastern Orthodox Church
1820:, the two systems were
1662:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
1469:traditional Chinese law
1350:which later became the
878:Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
838:while its plural meant
833:something laid or fixed
824:
818:
808:
368:International relations
298:Speaking truth to power
113:Judicial interpretation
17516:
17466:Clash of civilizations
17452:
16866:Quantum social science
16049:Liberal arts education
15160:Bosnia and Herzegovina
14439:British Virgin Islands
14275:Law of North America
12240:Politics as a Vocation
11963:Das Recht des Besitzes
11905:Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
11362:10.1093/medlaw/3.3.251
11161:"Public Bureaucracies"
11001:Johnson, Alan (1995).
10456:Finn, John E. (1991).
10412:Findlay, Marc (1999).
10279:Elements of War Crimes
9866:Berger, Adolf (1953).
9809:Barzilai, Gad (2003).
9773:8 October 2008 at the
9758:Frederic George Kenyon
9656:"Lawyers: Islamic Law"
9554:Fundamental Principles
8895:, 392 U.S. 514 (1968).
8876:, 370 U.S. 660 (1962).
8873:Robinson v. California
8766:Chapter 9, section 124
8431:17 August 2007 at the
8039:Politics as a Vocation
5979:10.1093/OED/4864419306
5849:Banakar, Reza (2003).
5627:10.5131/ajcl.2007.0023
4640:
4550:The Nature of the Firm
4493:
4312:
4236:Sale of Goods Act 1979
4048:
4010:
3880:
3798:
3664:
3559:
3338:
3200:
3059:deliberative democracy
3051:freedom of association
3010:
2993:
2812:
2771:
2703:
2590:
2577:Executive (government)
2499:
2371:
2288:The Spirit of the Laws
2244:
2047:1983 Code of Canon Law
1960:
1712:
1567:
1545:
1435:, compiled by emperor
1392:
1332:
1330:, giving birth to the
1194:
1109:
1004:
875:
39:Legal (disambiguation)
17481:Divine right of kings
16903:Other categorizations
16756:International studies
16741:History of technology
16676:Communication studies
16559:public administration
16125:History of Humanities
15651:and other territories
14556:Law of South America
14379:Saint Kitts and Nevis
14070:São Tomé and Príncipe
13930:Republic of the Congo
13416:Principle of legality
13175:Delegated legislation
12875:Intellectual property
12324:"A Definition of Law"
12307:. Pearson Education.
12073:Stein, Peter (1999).
11437:Montesquieu, Baron de
11385:McGhee, John (2000).
11028:. Walter de Gruyter.
10731:Hart, H.L.A. (1961).
10039:. London: Routledge.
9766:See original text in
9751:Athenian Constitution
9717:International Affairs
9564:, 109, Rottleuthner,
9410:Intellectual Property
8689:Flaminio Costa v ENEL
7779:. The Supreme Court.
7611:Pepperdine Law Review
6714:Jackson, Roy (2010).
5826:. Liberty Fund, Inc.
5699:The Modern Law Review
5658:The Modern Law Review
5580:Journal of Public Law
5320:Devins, Neal (2008).
4915:Notice to Law Schools
4675:William Graham Sumner
4635:
4496:In the 18th century,
4476:
4298:
4125:right to a fair trial
4057:collective bargaining
4042:
4004:
3874:
3789:
3720:abstraction principle
3654:
3556:Israeli Supreme Court
3546:
3473:, and issues such as
3469:, election disputes,
3415:Elections commissions
3333:
3195:
3137:Further information:
3040:Geoffrey Robertson QC
3032:Alexis de Tocqueville
2990:civil rights movement
2983:
2874:Bachelor of Civil Law
2804:
2757:
2693:
2584:
2536:, most countries are
2482:
2444:doctrine of precedent
2400:; and in France, the
2361:
2299:, in contrast to the
2239:
2105:Further information:
2076:doctrine such as the
1956:Corpus Juris Canonici
1952:
1702:
1685:Common law and equity
1639:University of Bologna
1562:
1543:
1389:Constitution of India
1386:
1225:, which consisted of
1180:
1021:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1002:
965:Oliver Wendell Holmes
869:they are acts of the
866:
761:administrative courts
443:Nuclear proliferation
18629:Democracy in America
18008:political philosophy
17991:political philosophy
17806:political philosophy
17635:political philosophy
17545:Separation of powers
17506:Night-watchman state
17491:Monopoly on violence
17025:Political philosophy
16736:Historical sociology
16281:Renaissance humanism
16213:Master of Humanities
14945:United Arab Emirates
13634:Barristers' chambers
13576:Legal representation
13514:Justice of the peace
12860:Financial regulation
12405:on 25 February 2022.
12154:Law in Ancient Egypt
11580:10.2139/ssrn.2848886
11465:Nietzsche, Friedrich
11137:Kelly, J.M. (1992).
10896:on 27 November 2010.
10366:10.54648/LEIE2006016
9541:Jary & Jary 1995
9378:on 10 September 2008
9178:Donoghue v Stevenson
9013:Austotel v Franklins
8957:Criminal Legislation
8870:, p. 205 about
8544:23 July 2011 at the
8421:Global Civil Society
8334:1 April 2007 at the
6878:. INPROL. May 2009.
6439:Law in ancient Egypt
6423:Théodoridés. "law".
6171:Aquinas, St Thomas.
5396:Comparative Politics
4985:; c.f. in the U.S.,
4954:Donoghue v Stevenson
4920:20 June 2009 at the
4872:Presidential Systems
4859:Judiciary in the PRC
4559:Rational individuals
4339:financial regulation
3768:Donoghue v Stevenson
3711:specific performance
3695:culpa in contrahendo
3675:offer and acceptance
3600:) v ...". Also, lay
3083:List of areas of law
3022:Hegel believed that
2998:Classical republican
2988:during the American
2638:President of Austria
2622:President of Germany
2603:parliamentary system
2504:Houses of Parliament
2429:Fourteenth Amendment
2382:; in Australia, the
2364:Israel Supreme Court
2293:separation of powers
2283:Baron de Montesquieu
1753:, the U.S. state of
1626:Corpus Juris Civilis
1578:in constitutions or
1451:. Malaysia, Brunei,
1264:city-state, ancient
1157:The Authority of Law
822:. The singular form
509:Paradox of tolerance
32:Law (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
18908:Main topic articles
18819:Right-wing politics
18699:A Theory of Justice
18669:The Road to Serfdom
18589:The Social Contract
17296:Christian democracy
16916:Geisteswissenschaft
16910:Behavioral sciences
16836:Political sociology
16751:Information science
16696:Development studies
16200:Geisteswissenschaft
16166:Teaching Philosophy
15945:Abductive reasoning
15403:States with limited
14972:limited recognition
14394:Trinidad and Tobago
14289:Antigua and Barbuda
14145:States with limited
13669:Election commission
13381:Expressive function
12910:Landlord–tenant law
12809:Consumer protection
12328:Virginia Law Review
12187:on 29 October 2008.
11919:on 22 February 2008
11878:on 28 November 2006
11796:Robertson, Geoffrey
11611:Patterson, James T.
11525:. Frank Cass (UK).
11499:Manava-Dharmasastra
11203:10.2139/ssrn.421040
10680:The Dynamics of Law
9953:Blackstone, William
9925:Bix, Brian (2022).
9851:. Hart Publishing.
9462:, pp. 386–405.
9289:, pp. 251–274.
9239:, pp. 610–627.
9108:"Torts and Delicts"
9016:(1989) 16 NSWLR 582
9000:Pacta Sunt Servanda
8762:The Second Treatise
8735:10.1093/icon/mou003
8642:Schermers–Blokker,
8521:Schermers-Blokker,
8468:on 18 February 2010
8458:"History of the UN"
8447:, pp. 282–283.
8349:, pp. 277–278.
8144:Economy and Society
7992:on 29 December 2006
7969:Tuberville v Savage
7915:, pp. 115–116.
7813:on 21 November 2006
7427:, pp. 157–158.
7415:, pp. 274–275.
7362:William Wirt Howe,
7172:5 July 2011 at the
7059:on 26 December 2018
7026:, pp. 253–263.
6813:, pp. 263–304.
6389:, pp. 170–171.
6001:The Social Contract
5969:(Online ed.).
5820:"Law and Economics"
4772:Public interest law
4614:social construction
4202:of the corporation.
4151:and the problem of
4099:U.S. Bill of Rights
4093:(which founded the
4030:Further disciplines
4024:charitable purposes
3724:Abstraktionsprinzip
3670:pacta sunt servanda
3661:unilateral contract
3402:set up in 1799, as
3301:European Parliament
3121:further disciplines
2676:Military and police
2642:presidential system
2564:bill (proposed law)
2525:Assemblée nationale
2520:Parlamento Italiano
2483:The Chamber of the
2425:racially segregated
2162:such as the former
1812:, especially under
1069:Friedrich Nietzsche
953:in his text titled
913:early customary law
881:The Social Contract
438:Nuclear disarmament
337:Conflict escalation
314:Conflict management
218:Conflict resolution
18831:Political violence
18826:Political theology
18809:Left-wing politics
18804:Political spectrum
16971:Society portal
16458:auxiliary sciences
16287:Studia Humanitatis
14329:Dominican Republic
13627:Legal institutions
13494:Lawsuit/Litigation
13484:Dispute resolution
13289:Catholic canon law
12997:State of emergency
12960:Will and testament
12684:Law of obligations
12637:Constitutional law
12627:Administrative law
12448:Law.com Dictionary
12421:. House of Lords.
12196:. Berghahn Books.
12126:On the Rule of Law
11350:Medical Law Review
11126:Kazantzakis, Nikos
10734:The Concept of Law
10224:. Intersentia nv.
9274:Armory v Delamirie
9198:(1879) 11 Ch D 852
9195:Sturges v Bridgman
9042:§ 311 Abs. II
8946:, 212–217, 229–237
8885:See e.g. Feinman,
8778:On the Rule of Law
7675:The Spirit of Laws
7588:Jerman v. Carlisle
7083:Fordham University
6665:Manu's Code of Law
6307:, Second Essay, 11
6275:"Legal Positivism"
6241:Fritz Berolzheimer
6160:Harvard Law Review
6035:. Second Edition.
5945:10.3998/mpub.10283
5927:10.3998/mpub.10283
5876:Harvard Law Review
5429:Cox, Noel (2001).
5200:10.4000/revus.2449
4641:
4578:Sturges v Bridgman
4512:and the so-called
4494:
4488:winning economist
4400:restraint of trade
4313:
4309:banking regulation
4291:Law and regulation
4121:criminal procedure
4049:
4011:
3945:Armory v Delamirie
3881:
3875:A painting of the
3703:duty of good faith
3665:
3560:
3498:criminal procedure
3427:voter registration
3357:. A few, like the
3339:
3326:Constitutional law
3322:Administrative law
3307:noted in its 1963
3281:European Union law
3223:Geneva Conventions
3201:
3149:European Union law
3109:law of obligations
3103:and property). In
2994:
2962:skills (including
2960:dispute resolution
2816:private enterprise
2772:
2704:
2607:head of government
2591:
2500:
2417:. For example, in
2394:; in Germany, the
2372:
2362:Six judges of the
2291:, advocated for a
2267:organisation, the
2235:Legal institutions
2138:Islamic resurgence
2016:Anglican Communion
2002:law governing the
1961:
1933:Anglican Communion
1833:William Blackstone
1713:
1568:
1546:
1496:administrative law
1393:
1233:further developed
1195:
1134:The Concept of Law
1122:state of emergency
1085:Pure Theory of Law
1005:
934:The Concept of Law
909:Glanville Williams
725:administrative law
721:constitutional law
556:Track II diplomacy
504:Prisoner's dilemma
474:Conflict continuum
469:Conflict avoidance
254:Dispute resolution
18890:
18889:
18884:
18883:
18794:Philosophy of law
18739:Conflict theories
18579:The Spirit of Law
18486:
18485:
17535:Original position
16991:
16990:
16831:Political economy
16826:Political ecology
16681:Community studies
16671:Cognitive science
16634:Interdisciplinary
16534:Political science
16296:
16295:
16016:General knowledge
15999:Cultural literacy
15933:
15932:
15867:Religious studies
15803:Classical studies
15732:
15731:
15726:
15725:
15718:Wallis and Futuna
15626:Associated states
15504:
15503:
15077:
15076:
15014:other territories
14670:
14669:
14642:other territories
14522:
14521:
14411:other territories
14241:
14240:
14172:other territories
13945:Equatorial Guinea
13809:
13808:
13469:Constitutionalism
13391:Law and economics
13229:Act of parliament
12967:Product liability
12920:Legal archaeology
12845:Environmental law
12839:Entertainment law
12679:International law
12381:978-90-411-0938-5
12314:978-0-582-47301-0
12225:978-0-520-03500-3
12203:978-1-57181-404-3
12163:978-0-89089-978-6
12135:978-0-521-60465-9
12116:978-0-8047-0215-7
12088:978-0-521-64372-6
12030:978-0-226-75942-5
12011:978-3-16-148787-3
11809:978-0-14-102463-9
11756:Riker, William H.
11747:978-0-567-08158-2
11716:978-0-421-86240-1
11697:978-0-19-825493-5
11675:978-3-16-148787-3
11656:978-90-411-0933-0
11628:978-0-19-515632-4
11551:978-960-15-0106-2
11532:978-0-7146-4261-1
11509:978-0-19-517146-4
11487:978-0-691-00190-6
11405:Mises, Ludwig von
11396:978-0-421-85260-0
11340:978-0-472-06649-0
11298:978-0-7923-2796-7
11266:978-0-19-512863-5
11174:978-0-19-927569-4
11159:(November 2006).
11148:978-0-19-876244-7
11112:on 17 August 2007
11102:978-960-08-0333-4
11078:978-0-521-62695-8
11054:978-0-19-926655-5
11035:978-3-8059-1019-4
11016:978-1-55786-116-0
10993:978-0-8047-4803-2
10968:978-0-00-470804-1
10961:. HarperCollins.
10912:978-0-521-53021-7
10873:978-1-84113-898-5
10854:978-0-415-52441-4
10806:978-0-8047-4882-7
10787:978-0-226-32084-7
10688:978-0-7656-2086-6
10671:978-0-521-00580-7
10652:978-0-521-77485-7
10633:978-0-7658-0704-5
10620:Gurvitch, Georges
10611:978-0-521-68185-8
10592:978-0-8135-3983-6
10573:978-0-19-876575-2
10538:978-960-232-715-9
10519:978-960-14-1159-0
10506:Fukuyama, Francis
10471:978-0-19-505738-6
10448:978-90-411-1620-8
10429:978-0-415-19742-7
10404:978-0-19-517957-6
10332:978-0-674-51836-0
10310:978-0-684-83638-6
10288:978-0-521-81852-0
10269:978-1-4021-8555-7
10250:978-0-262-54179-4
10231:978-90-5095-381-8
10212:978-0-7546-2511-7
10199:Cotterrell, Roger
10190:978-0-7486-1339-7
10177:Cotterrell, Roger
10168:978-0-406-51770-8
10155:Cotterrell, Roger
10046:978-0-415-06212-1
10027:978-0-395-41058-5
10018:The Hinge of Fate
10008:978-0-631-19951-9
9989:978-0-8342-1083-7
9901:978-90-411-1645-1
9879:978-0-87169-432-4
9858:978-1-84113-237-2
9839:978-0-7923-1981-8
9820:978-0-472-11315-6
9801:978-90-5095-251-4
9707:978-0-333-11262-5
9688:978-3-16-148787-3
9672:on 26 March 2009.
9640:, pp. 81–82.
9638:Papachristou 1999
9040:e.g. in Germany,
8857:(London: 2012), 2
8445:Karkatsoulis 2004
8347:Karkatsoulis 2004
8270:, pp. 22–23.
7888:, pp. 37–82.
7837:Cour de cassation
7560:978-0-333-45919-5
7448:on 30 August 2006
7413:Giannoulatos 1975
7300:. CanonLaw.info.
7208:978-1-136-13250-6
6645:on 1 January 2020
6473:978-0-19-993539-0
5985:(Subscription or
5435:Deakin Law Review
5153:Spooner, Lysander
4999:Law and Economics
4938:The Hinge of Fate
4934:Winston Churchill
4831:, 19; Washofsky,
4762:Political science
4703:Library resources
4583:transaction costs
4555:transaction costs
4510:Oliver Williamson
4469:Law and economics
4428:Environmental law
4422:contractual terms
4307:, before tougher
4218:bills of exchange
4196:limited liability
4165:Transactional law
4065:health and safety
4007:Court of Chancery
3987:Equity and trusts
3916:rental agreements
3896:stocks and shares
3892:Personal property
3815:his duty of care;
3734:Torts and delicts
3728:Unjust enrichment
3659:was held to be a
3615:community service
3479:electoral silence
3451:electronic voting
3392:of the offending
3285:supranational law
3231:League of Nations
3204:International law
3133:International law
3127:International law
3055:individual rights
3047:Freedom of speech
2944:legal periodicals
2774:The etymology of
2658:foreign relations
2634:hereditary office
2408:Council of Europe
2403:Cour de Cassation
2390:; in the UK, the
2366:sitting at their
2323:Republic of China
2107:Sources of Sharia
1989:
1977:
1829:academic writings
1806:Court of Chancery
1527:legal transplants
1433:Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
1372:develops through
1324:Early Middle Ages
1286:Ancient Greek law
1276:), human decree (
862:Philosophy of law
852:Philosophy of law
812:, comes from the
780:economic analysis
688:case law through
592:
591:
464:Anti-war movement
428:Nuclear blackmail
332:Communal violence
212:
211:
176:judicial opinions
123:Law and economics
16:(Redirected from
18920:
18799:Political ethics
18789:Machiavellianism
18729:Authoritarianism
18714:
18704:
18694:
18684:
18674:
18664:
18654:
18644:
18634:
18624:
18614:
18604:
18594:
18584:
18574:
18564:
18554:
18544:
18534:
18524:
18514:
18504:
17580:
17579:
17521:
17457:
17447:Balance of power
17421:Social democracy
17416:Social Darwinism
17391:Multiculturalism
17336:Environmentalism
17311:Communitarianism
17018:
17011:
17004:
16995:
16994:
16979:
16969:
16968:
16955:
16954:
16943:
16942:
16846:Regional science
16691:Cultural studies
16666:Business studies
16323:
16316:
16309:
16300:
16299:
16083:Self-realization
15895:
15894:
15772:
15765:
15758:
15749:
15748:
15736:
15735:
15708:Pitcairn Islands
15678:French Polynesia
15663:Christmas Island
15592:Papua New Guinea
15572:Marshall Islands
15545:Sovereign states
15531:
15524:
15517:
15508:
15507:
15441:Dependencies and
15377:Northern Ireland
15118:Sovereign states
15104:
15097:
15090:
15081:
15080:
15067:
15057:
15056:
15026:Christmas Island
14712:Sovereign states
14697:
14690:
14683:
14674:
14673:
14662:
14650:Falkland Islands
14564:Sovereign states
14549:
14542:
14535:
14526:
14525:
14479:Saint Barthélemy
14409:Dependencies and
14282:Sovereign states
14268:
14261:
14254:
14245:
14244:
14233:
14232:(United Kingdom)
14228:Tristan da Cunha
14224:Ascension Island
14216:
14203:
14194:
14170:Dependencies and
13863:Sovereign states
13849:
13842:
13835:
13826:
13825:
13813:
13812:
13784:
13783:
13782:
13770:
13769:
13593:Question of fact
13474:Criminal justice
12804:Construction law
12799:Conflict of laws
12764:Agricultural law
12606:
12599:
12592:
12583:
12582:
12511:
12509:
12507:
12487:
12485:
12483:
12463:
12461:
12459:
12434:
12432:
12430:
12406:
12401:. Archived from
12385:
12363:
12361:
12359:
12318:
12299:
12262:
12250:
12244:
12229:
12207:
12188:
12186:
12179:
12167:
12148:
12139:
12120:
12104:
12092:
12080:
12069:
12067:
12065:
12059:
12053:(2): 1037–1062.
12044:
12034:
12015:
12004:. Mohr Siebeck.
11996:
11987:
11978:
11976:
11974:
11950:
11928:
11926:
11924:
11900:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11877:
11871:. Archived from
11857:Droit et Société
11854:
11844:
11823:. Third Series.
11813:
11791:
11751:
11738:Hammurabi's Laws
11732:
11720:
11701:
11679:
11668:. Mohr Siebeck.
11660:
11641:
11632:
11620:
11606:
11604:
11602:
11596:
11565:
11555:
11542:Sociology of Law
11536:
11513:
11491:
11472:
11460:
11458:
11456:
11432:
11430:
11428:
11422:
11415:
11400:
11381:
11344:
11325:
11302:
11279:
11270:
11251:
11241:
11229:
11228:on 9 March 2019.
11227:
11221:. Archived from
11188:
11178:
11152:
11133:
11128:(1998) . "Law".
11121:
11119:
11117:
11111:
11105:. Archived from
11094:
11082:
11058:
11039:
11020:
11008:
10997:
10981:
10972:
10951:
10949:
10947:
10941:
10926:
10916:
10897:
10892:. Archived from
10877:
10858:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10810:
10791:
10772:Hayek, Friedrich
10767:
10738:
10727:
10675:
10656:
10637:
10624:Sociology of Law
10615:
10596:
10577:
10565:
10554:
10542:
10523:
10501:
10499:
10497:
10475:
10452:
10433:
10417:
10408:
10385:
10348:
10336:
10314:
10292:
10273:
10254:
10235:
10216:
10194:
10172:
10150:
10133:Cohen, Morris L.
10128:
10126:
10124:
10118:
10087:
10081:(October 1960).
10079:Coase, Ronald H.
10074:
10055:Coase, Ronald H.
10050:
10031:
10012:
9993:
9974:
9972:
9970:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9921:
9919:
9905:
9886:
9862:
9843:
9824:
9805:
9786:
9765:
9756:. Translated by
9755:
9740:
9711:
9692:
9681:. Mohr Siebeck.
9673:
9671:
9660:
9641:
9635:
9629:
9623:
9617:
9611:
9605:
9599:
9593:
9587:
9581:
9575:
9569:
9560:, Rottleuthner,
9550:
9544:
9538:
9529:
9523:
9514:
9507:
9501:
9494:
9488:
9481:
9475:
9474:, pp. 1–44.
9469:
9463:
9457:
9451:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9419:
9413:
9406:
9400:
9394:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9377:
9370:
9362:
9356:
9348:
9342:
9340:
9332:
9326:
9320:
9314:
9308:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9284:
9278:
9270:
9264:
9246:
9240:
9234:
9228:
9220:
9214:
9205:
9199:
9191:
9182:
9174:
9168:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9151:
9112:Yale Law Journal
9103:
9097:
9090:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9060:
9054:
9038:
9032:
9026:
9017:
9009:
9003:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8976:. Archived from
8966:
8960:
8953:
8947:
8926:
8920:
8914:
8908:
8902:
8896:
8889:, 260–261 about
8883:
8877:
8864:
8858:
8851:
8845:
8839:
8830:
8824:
8815:
8799:
8793:
8787:
8781:
8774:
8768:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8737:
8713:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8653:
8647:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8623:
8608:
8599:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8588:
8568:
8562:
8555:
8549:
8532:
8526:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8484:
8478:
8477:
8475:
8473:
8464:. Archived from
8454:
8448:
8442:
8436:
8417:
8411:
8405:
8399:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8373:
8367:
8362:, 1–13; Warren,
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8321:
8315:
8306:
8300:
8293:
8287:
8280:
8271:
8265:
8259:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8201:
8195:
8194:Case no. 6538/74
8177:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8119:
8102:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8060:
8054:
8047:
8041:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7997:
7988:. Archived from
7978:
7972:
7965:
7959:
7952:
7946:
7940:
7931:
7925:
7916:
7910:
7904:
7898:
7889:
7883:
7877:
7871:
7865:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7809:. Archived from
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7773:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7756:
7749:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7710:
7704:
7694:
7688:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7602:
7596:
7584:
7578:
7573:Edward H. Levi,
7571:
7565:
7564:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7464:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7444:. Archived from
7434:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7373:
7367:
7360:
7354:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7320:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7296:Peters, Edward.
7293:
7287:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7249:on 31 March 2019
7234:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7159:
7153:
7145:
7139:
7129:
7123:
7117:
7111:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7055:. Archived from
7045:
7039:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6941:. 17 July 2013.
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6873:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6844:
6820:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6742:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6641:. Archived from
6622:
6616:
6610:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6544:
6538:
6532:
6526:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6420:
6414:
6408:
6402:
6396:
6390:
6384:
6378:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6340:
6334:
6327:
6321:
6314:
6308:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6270:
6264:
6254:
6248:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6203:
6197:
6182:
6176:
6173:Summa Theologica
6169:
6163:
6156:
6150:
6149:, pp. 3–36.
6144:
6135:
6129:
6120:
6114:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6054:
6048:
6029:
6023:
6013:
6007:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5982:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5714:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5673:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5532:(6): 1423–1428.
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5408:10.2307/20072892
5391:
5385:
5384:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5289:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5202:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5002:
4995:
4989:
4979:
4973:
4950:
4941:
4931:
4925:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4868:
4862:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4825:ius non-scriptum
4817:
4811:
4803:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4667:Georges Gurvitch
4604:Sociology of law
4412:consumer welfare
4398:and the English
4394:decrees against
4178:Law and commerce
4103:Treaty of Lisbon
4083:human rights law
3877:South Sea Bubble
3825:his act was the
3538:dolus eventualis
3526:strict liability
3516:malicious intent
3463:election systems
3435:campaign finance
3413:. It along with
3254:Conflict of laws
3163:
3145:Conflict of laws
2986:Washington, D.C.
2954:, contracts, or
2940:case-law reports
2933:legal researcher
2870:Bachelor of Laws
2840:Legal profession
2834:Legal profession
2708:Medieval England
2694:Officers of the
2670:defence ministry
2666:foreign ministry
2522:in Rome and the
2463:Guardian Council
2455:communist states
2415:unconstitutional
2331:Examination Yuan
2269:legal profession
2255:
2172:Marxist–Leninist
2160:communist states
2134:its legal system
1984:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1884:(consensus) and
1851:Law and religion
1818:1937 in the U.S.
1631:Byzantine Empire
1354:. A Europe-wide
1337:
1288:contained major
1203:Ancient Egyptian
1185:is revealed the
1102:
1099:
1096:
1025:Greek philosophy
885:
847:
844:
841:
837:
834:
831:
827:
821:
811:
584:
577:
570:
214:
213:
204:
197:
190:
128:Sociology of law
69:
46:
45:
21:
18928:
18927:
18923:
18922:
18921:
18919:
18918:
18917:
18893:
18892:
18891:
18886:
18885:
18880:
18867:
18856:Totalitarianism
18717:
18712:
18702:
18692:
18682:
18672:
18662:
18652:
18642:
18632:
18622:
18612:
18602:
18592:
18582:
18572:
18562:
18552:
18542:
18532:
18529:Treatise on Law
18522:
18512:
18502:
18482:
18140:
18134:
17873:
17867:
17753:
17747:
17666:
17569:
17555:State of nature
17550:Social contract
17530:Ordered liberty
17518:Noblesse oblige
17435:
17269:
17198:
17027:
17022:
16992:
16987:
16963:
16931:
16898:
16882:
16856:Science studies
16640:Administration
16629:
16355:
16332:
16330:Social sciences
16327:
16297:
16292:
16232:
16177:
16102:
16088:Self-reflection
16078:Moral character
16037:Human condition
15989:Critical theory
15929:
15893:
15840:Performing arts
15781:
15776:
15741:
15733:
15728:
15727:
15722:
15650:
15644:
15627:
15621:
15602:Solomon Islands
15540:
15538:Law of Oceania
15535:
15505:
15500:
15484:
15442:
15436:
15422:Northern Cyprus
15404:
15398:
15292:North Macedonia
15113:
15108:
15078:
15073:
15045:
15013:
15004:
14985:Northern Cyprus
14971:
14964:
14706:
14701:
14671:
14666:
14660:
14643:
14641:
14631:
14558:
14553:
14523:
14518:
14412:
14410:
14403:
14277:
14272:
14242:
14237:
14236:
14231:
14214:
14201:
14192:
14173:
14171:
14164:
14148:
14146:
14139:
13858:
13853:
13818:
13810:
13805:
13778:
13764:
13755:
13732:
13723:Political party
13696:Legal education
13684:Law enforcement
13664:Court of equity
13622:
13598:Question of law
13551:Practice of law
13531:Judicial review
13445:
13396:Legal formalism
13376:Comparative law
13371:Contract theory
13354:
13274:Legal pluralism
13245:
13234:Act of Congress
13158:Executive order
13124:
13026:
12945:Nationality law
12870:Immigration law
12794:Competition law
12747:
12615:
12610:
12530:Wayback Machine
12518:
12505:
12503:
12490:
12481:
12479:
12466:
12457:
12455:
12442:
12428:
12426:
12417:
12414:
12412:Further reading
12409:
12382:
12357:
12355:
12340:10.2307/1065717
12315:
12280:10.2307/2195750
12226:
12204:
12184:
12177:
12164:
12136:
12117:
12089:
12063:
12061:
12057:
12042:
12031:
12012:
11972:
11970:
11947:
11922:
11920:
11881:
11879:
11875:
11852:
11833:10.2307/2674504
11810:
11748:
11717:
11698:
11676:
11657:
11629:
11600:
11598:
11594:
11563:
11552:
11533:
11510:
11488:
11454:
11452:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11413:
11397:
11341:
11299:
11267:
11225:
11186:
11175:
11149:
11115:
11113:
11109:
11103:
11092:
11079:
11055:
11036:
11017:
10994:
10969:
10945:
10943:
10942:on 14 June 2007
10939:
10924:
10913:
10874:
10855:
10830:
10828:
10807:
10788:
10672:
10653:
10634:
10612:
10593:
10574:
10539:
10520:
10495:
10493:
10480:France, Anatole
10472:
10449:
10430:
10405:
10333:
10319:Dworkin, Ronald
10311:
10297:Durkheim, Émile
10289:
10270:
10251:
10232:
10213:
10191:
10169:
10147:
10122:
10120:
10116:
10085:
10065:(16): 386–405.
10047:
10028:
10009:
9990:
9968:
9966:
9942:
9940:
9902:
9880:
9859:
9840:
9821:
9802:
9794:. Intersentia.
9775:Wayback Machine
9768:Perseus program
9729:10.2307/2607811
9708:
9689:
9669:
9658:
9649:
9644:
9636:
9632:
9624:
9620:
9612:
9608:
9602:Cotterrell 1999
9600:
9596:
9590:Rheinstein 1954
9588:
9584:
9578:Cotterrell 2006
9576:
9572:
9551:
9547:
9539:
9532:
9526:Cotterrell 1992
9524:
9517:
9508:
9504:
9495:
9491:
9482:
9478:
9470:
9466:
9458:
9454:
9446:
9442:
9432:
9430:
9421:
9420:
9416:
9407:
9403:
9395:
9391:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9368:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9349:
9345:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9321:
9317:
9309:
9305:
9297:
9293:
9285:
9281:
9271:
9267:
9262:Wayback Machine
9247:
9243:
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9104:
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9091:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9062:
9061:
9057:
9049:Wayback Machine
9039:
9035:
9029:Pargendler 2018
9027:
9020:
9010:
9006:
8997:
8993:
8983:
8981:
8980:on 23 June 2011
8968:
8967:
8963:
8954:
8950:
8942:, see Simpson,
8940:Wayback Machine
8927:
8923:
8915:
8911:
8903:
8899:
8892:Powell v. Texas
8884:
8880:
8865:
8861:
8852:
8848:
8840:
8833:
8825:
8818:
8802:Cesare Beccaria
8800:
8796:
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8784:
8775:
8771:
8759:
8755:
8745:
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8685:
8684:
8680:
8670:
8668:
8655:
8654:
8650:
8641:
8637:
8627:
8625:
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8606:
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8596:
8586:
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8546:Wayback Machine
8533:
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8469:
8456:
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8443:
8439:
8433:Wayback Machine
8418:
8414:
8410:, pp. 5–6.
8406:
8402:
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8389:
8374:
8370:
8357:
8353:
8345:
8341:
8336:Wayback Machine
8322:
8318:
8311:Second Treatise
8307:
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7993:
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7941:
7934:
7926:
7919:
7911:
7907:
7899:
7892:
7884:
7880:
7872:
7868:
7864:, pp. 1–2.
7860:
7856:
7846:
7844:
7831:
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7826:
7816:
7814:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7786:
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7758:
7754:
7747:
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7742:
7738:
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7726:
7711:
7707:
7696:Thomas Hobbes,
7695:
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7686:Wayback Machine
7669:
7665:
7655:
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7638:
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7624:
7622:
7603:
7599:
7585:
7581:
7577:(2013), p. 1-2.
7572:
7568:
7561:
7543:Soviet Politics
7539:
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7485:
7477:
7473:
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7334:
7332:
7321:
7317:
7307:
7305:
7294:
7290:
7282:Raymond Wacks,
7281:
7277:
7266:
7262:
7252:
7250:
7235:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7209:
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7174:Wayback Machine
7160:
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7149:Gee v Pritchard
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6569:
6565:
6557:
6553:
6545:
6541:
6533:
6529:
6521:
6517:
6513:, pp. 5–6.
6509:
6505:
6499:Richardson 2004
6497:
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6483:
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6474:
6448:
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6324:
6315:
6311:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6273:Green, Leslie.
6271:
6267:
6263:, 42 (par. 434)
6255:
6251:
6239:
6235:
6220:10.2307/2176104
6204:
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5994:
5984:
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5937:
5915:
5911:
5888:10.2307/1325958
5872:
5868:
5861:
5847:
5843:
5833:
5831:
5818:Rubin, Paul H.
5816:
5812:
5781:
5777:
5767:
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5758:
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5603:
5593:
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5558:
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5518:
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5502:
5487:
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5476:
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5365:10.2307/1051071
5349:
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5111:10.2307/1141239
5091:
5087:
5064:10.2307/3052897
5048:
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5015:
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4711:
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4706:
4693:
4686:
4683:
4673:in Europe, and
4671:Leon Petrażycki
4659:Hugo Sinzheimer
4606:
4600:
4518:Milton Friedman
4471:
4465:
4460:
4384:Competition law
4352:and utilities.
4350:public services
4321:value added tax
4190:began with the
4149:right of asylum
4141:nationality law
4137:Immigration law
4117:Civil procedure
4047:while on strike
4035:Law and society
4032:
4015:Lord Chancellor
3999:
3991:Main articles:
3989:
3869:
3863:
3827:proximate cause
3822:his breach; and
3746:
3738:Main articles:
3736:
3707:penalty clauses
3649:
3643:
3493:
3487:
3475:electoral fraud
3455:voting machines
3390:judicial review
3343:civil liberties
3328:
3320:Main articles:
3318:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3164:
3155:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3085:
3079:
3053:and many other
2978:
2972:
2858:bar association
2854:practice of law
2842:
2836:
2768:mandarin square
2752:
2746:
2712:criminal courts
2688:
2680:Main articles:
2678:
2644:, found in the
2579:
2573:
2553:house of review
2518:in Moscow, the
2514:in Berlin, the
2506:in London, the
2477:
2471:
2356:
2350:
2257:
2247:Thomas Hobbes,
2246:
2237:
2184:legal syllogism
2180:
2156:
2150:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2068:influenced the
2004:Catholic Church
1947:
1941:
1925:Catholic Church
1853:
1847:
1841:
1794:Sir Thomas More
1790:Lord Chancellor
1763:Norman conquest
1749:(except Malta,
1705:John of England
1697:
1689:Main articles:
1687:
1635:Theodosian Code
1592:Codex Hammurabi
1565:Napoleonic Code
1557:
1551:
1523:
1513:Comparative law
1511:Main articles:
1509:
1481:Chiang Kai-shek
1270:enslaved people
1243:Codex Hammurabi
1175:
1169:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1038:Treatise on Law
1029:Western culture
1017:Natural lawyers
997:
991:
970:Treatise on Law
905:Baron Hampstead
901:
895:
887:
877:
864:
856:Main articles:
854:
845:
842:
839:
835:
832:
829:
796:
767:jurisdictions.
670:comparative law
588:
516:Liaison officer
423:Nuclear warfare
407:Multilateralism
347:Just war theory
208:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18926:
18916:
18915:
18910:
18905:
18888:
18887:
18882:
18881:
18879:
18878:
18872:
18869:
18868:
18866:
18865:
18858:
18853:
18848:
18846:Social justice
18843:
18838:
18833:
18828:
18823:
18822:
18821:
18816:
18811:
18801:
18796:
18791:
18786:
18781:
18776:
18771:
18766:
18761:
18756:
18754:Egalitarianism
18751:
18746:
18744:Contractualism
18741:
18736:
18731:
18725:
18723:
18719:
18718:
18716:
18715:
18705:
18695:
18685:
18675:
18665:
18655:
18645:
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18555:
18545:
18535:
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18515:
18505:
18494:
18492:
18488:
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18455:
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18430:
18425:
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18415:
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18405:
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18390:
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18380:
18375:
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18365:
18360:
18355:
18350:
18345:
18340:
18335:
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18325:
18320:
18315:
18310:
18305:
18300:
18295:
18290:
18285:
18280:
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18270:
18265:
18260:
18255:
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18215:
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18142:
18136:
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18127:
18122:
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18112:
18107:
18102:
18097:
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18087:
18082:
18077:
18072:
18067:
18062:
18057:
18052:
18047:
18042:
18037:
18032:
18027:
18022:
18017:
18012:
18011:
18010:
18000:
17995:
17994:
17993:
17983:
17978:
17973:
17968:
17963:
17958:
17953:
17948:
17943:
17938:
17933:
17928:
17923:
17918:
17913:
17908:
17903:
17898:
17893:
17888:
17883:
17877:
17875:
17869:
17868:
17866:
17865:
17860:
17855:
17850:
17845:
17840:
17835:
17830:
17825:
17820:
17815:
17810:
17809:
17808:
17798:
17793:
17788:
17783:
17778:
17773:
17768:
17763:
17757:
17755:
17749:
17748:
17746:
17745:
17740:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17720:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17695:
17690:
17685:
17680:
17674:
17672:
17668:
17667:
17665:
17664:
17659:
17654:
17649:
17644:
17639:
17638:
17637:
17627:
17622:
17617:
17612:
17607:
17602:
17597:
17592:
17586:
17584:
17577:
17571:
17570:
17568:
17567:
17562:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17540:Overton window
17537:
17532:
17527:
17522:
17513:
17508:
17503:
17498:
17493:
17488:
17483:
17478:
17473:
17468:
17463:
17458:
17449:
17443:
17441:
17437:
17436:
17434:
17433:
17428:
17423:
17418:
17413:
17408:
17403:
17398:
17393:
17388:
17383:
17378:
17373:
17371:Libertarianism
17368:
17363:
17358:
17353:
17348:
17343:
17338:
17333:
17328:
17323:
17318:
17313:
17308:
17303:
17298:
17293:
17288:
17283:
17277:
17275:
17271:
17270:
17268:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17252:
17247:
17242:
17237:
17232:
17227:
17222:
17217:
17212:
17206:
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17200:
17199:
17197:
17196:
17191:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
17161:
17156:
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17146:
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17136:
17131:
17126:
17121:
17116:
17111:
17106:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17086:
17081:
17076:
17071:
17066:
17061:
17056:
17051:
17046:
17041:
17035:
17033:
17029:
17028:
17021:
17020:
17013:
17006:
16998:
16989:
16988:
16986:
16985:
16973:
16961:
16949:
16936:
16933:
16932:
16930:
16929:
16924:
16919:
16912:
16906:
16904:
16900:
16899:
16897:
16896:
16890:
16888:
16884:
16883:
16881:
16880:
16875:
16870:
16869:
16868:
16863:
16853:
16848:
16843:
16838:
16833:
16828:
16823:
16822:
16821:
16816:
16811:
16803:
16802:
16801:
16799:social science
16796:
16791:
16786:
16781:
16773:
16768:
16763:
16758:
16753:
16748:
16743:
16738:
16733:
16731:Global studies
16728:
16726:Gender studies
16723:
16718:
16717:
16716:
16711:
16709:social science
16705:Environmental
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16683:
16678:
16673:
16668:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16652:
16651:
16646:
16637:
16635:
16631:
16630:
16628:
16627:
16626:
16625:
16620:
16615:
16610:
16605:
16595:
16594:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16578:
16573:
16563:
16562:
16561:
16556:
16551:
16546:
16541:
16531:
16530:
16529:
16519:
16518:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16502:
16497:
16487:
16486:
16485:
16480:
16475:
16470:
16465:
16460:
16455:
16445:
16444:
16443:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16418:
16417:
16416:
16411:
16406:
16404:macroeconomics
16401:
16399:microeconomics
16391:
16390:
16389:
16384:
16379:
16374:
16363:
16361:
16357:
16356:
16354:
16353:
16348:
16343:
16337:
16334:
16333:
16326:
16325:
16318:
16311:
16303:
16294:
16293:
16291:
16290:
16283:
16278:
16273:
16268:
16263:
16258:
16253:
16252:
16251:
16240:
16238:
16234:
16233:
16231:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16204:
16203:
16191:
16185:
16183:
16179:
16178:
16176:
16175:
16168:
16163:
16158:
16153:
16148:
16143:
16138:
16133:
16128:
16121:
16116:
16110:
16108:
16104:
16103:
16101:
16100:
16095:
16090:
16085:
16080:
16075:
16074:
16073:
16063:
16062:
16061:
16056:
16046:
16039:
16034:
16029:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16012:
16011:
16001:
15996:
15991:
15986:
15981:
15974:
15971:Belles-lettres
15967:
15962:
15957:
15955:Antipositivism
15952:
15947:
15941:
15939:
15935:
15934:
15931:
15930:
15928:
15927:
15922:
15917:
15912:
15907:
15901:
15899:
15892:
15891:
15890:
15889:
15884:
15879:
15869:
15864:
15859:
15858:
15857:
15852:
15847:
15837:
15832:
15831:
15830:
15825:
15820:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15789:
15787:
15783:
15782:
15775:
15774:
15767:
15760:
15752:
15746:
15743:
15742:
15730:
15729:
15724:
15723:
15721:
15720:
15715:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15698:Norfolk Island
15695:
15690:
15685:
15680:
15675:
15670:
15665:
15660:
15658:American Samoa
15654:
15652:
15646:
15645:
15643:
15642:
15637:
15631:
15629:
15628:of New Zealand
15623:
15622:
15620:
15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15554:
15548:
15546:
15542:
15541:
15534:
15533:
15526:
15519:
15511:
15502:
15501:
15499:
15498:
15496:European Union
15492:
15490:
15489:Other entities
15486:
15485:
15483:
15482:
15477:
15472:
15467:
15462:
15457:
15452:
15446:
15444:
15443:other entities
15438:
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15408:
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15367:United Kingdom
15364:
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15180:Czech Republic
15177:
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15127:
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14499:Sint Eustatius
14496:
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14461:
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14444:Cayman Islands
14441:
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14181:Canary Islands
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13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
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13882:
13877:
13872:
13866:
13864:
13860:
13859:
13856:Law of Africa
13852:
13851:
13844:
13837:
13829:
13823:
13820:
13819:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13796:
13789:
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13772:Law portal
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13610:
13608:Trial advocacy
13605:
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13595:
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13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13548:
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13466:
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13177:
13167:
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13160:
13155:
13145:
13140:
13138:Ballot measure
13134:
13132:
13126:
13125:
13123:
13122:
13117:
13115:Legal treatise
13112:
13111:
13110:
13105:
13095:
13094:
13093:
13083:
13081:Letters patent
13078:
13073:
13072:
13071:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13042:
13036:
13034:
13032:Sources of law
13028:
13027:
13025:
13024:
13019:
13017:Unenforced law
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12963:
12962:
12957:
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12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12789:Commercial law
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12755:
12753:
12749:
12748:
12746:
12745:
12740:
12735:
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12713:
12708:
12707:
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12691:
12686:
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12676:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12656:
12655:
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12644:
12639:
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12629:
12623:
12621:
12617:
12616:
12609:
12608:
12601:
12594:
12586:
12580:
12579:
12574:
12569:
12564:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12517:
12516:External links
12514:
12513:
12512:
12488:
12464:
12440:
12435:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12407:
12386:
12380:
12364:
12334:(3): 203–214.
12319:
12313:
12300:
12274:(4): 775–786.
12263:
12251:
12230:
12224:
12208:
12202:
12189:
12168:
12162:
12149:
12140:
12134:
12121:
12115:
12093:
12087:
12070:
12035:
12029:
12016:
12010:
11997:
11993:Commercial Law
11988:
11979:
11951:
11945:
11929:
11901:
11888:
11845:
11827:(4): 883–912.
11814:
11808:
11792:
11766:(1): 101–116.
11752:
11746:
11733:
11725:Rheinstein, M.
11721:
11715:
11702:
11696:
11680:
11674:
11661:
11655:
11642:
11633:
11627:
11607:
11574:(1): 143–189.
11556:
11550:
11537:
11531:
11514:
11508:
11492:
11486:
11473:
11461:
11433:
11401:
11395:
11387:Snell's Equity
11382:
11356:(3): 251–274.
11345:
11339:
11326:
11303:
11297:
11280:
11271:
11265:
11252:
11230:
11179:
11173:
11153:
11147:
11134:
11122:
11101:
11083:
11077:
11063:Kant, Immanuel
11059:
11053:
11040:
11034:
11021:
11015:
11009:. Blackwells.
10998:
10992:
10979:"Introduction"
10973:
10967:
10952:
10917:
10911:
10898:
10882:Hobbes, Thomas
10878:
10872:
10859:
10853:
10837:
10811:
10805:
10792:
10786:
10768:
10750:(3): 253–263.
10739:
10728:
10702:(3): 610–627.
10691:
10676:
10670:
10657:
10651:
10638:
10632:
10616:
10610:
10597:
10591:
10578:
10572:
10555:
10543:
10537:
10524:
10518:
10510:State-Building
10502:
10476:
10470:
10453:
10447:
10434:
10428:
10409:
10403:
10386:
10360:(3): 263–304.
10349:
10341:Ehrlich, Eugen
10337:
10331:
10315:
10309:
10293:
10287:
10274:
10268:
10255:
10249:
10236:
10230:
10217:
10211:
10195:
10189:
10173:
10167:
10151:
10145:
10129:
10102:10.1086/466560
10075:
10051:
10045:
10032:
10026:
10013:
10007:
9994:
9988:
9975:
9949:
9922:
9906:
9900:
9887:
9878:
9863:
9857:
9844:
9838:
9825:
9819:
9806:
9800:
9787:
9778:
9741:
9712:
9706:
9693:
9687:
9674:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9642:
9630:
9628:, p. 142.
9618:
9616:, p. 156.
9606:
9594:
9592:, p. 336.
9582:
9570:
9545:
9543:, p. 636.
9530:
9515:
9502:
9489:
9476:
9464:
9452:
9440:
9414:
9401:
9389:
9357:
9343:
9327:
9315:
9313:, Section 123.
9303:
9291:
9279:
9265:
9241:
9229:
9215:
9200:
9183:
9169:
9165:Bolton v Stone
9157:
9124:10.2307/786478
9118:(6): 721–730.
9098:
9085:
9055:
9033:
9018:
9004:
8991:
8961:
8948:
8921:
8919:, p. 333.
8909:
8907:, p. 491.
8897:
8878:
8859:
8846:
8831:
8816:
8794:
8782:
8769:
8753:
8728:(1): 105–134.
8708:
8678:
8648:
8635:
8594:
8563:
8550:
8527:
8514:
8479:
8449:
8437:
8412:
8400:
8387:
8368:
8351:
8339:
8316:
8301:
8288:
8272:
8260:
8248:
8222:
8196:
8172:
8160:
8158:, p. 371.
8148:
8135:
8133:, p. 367.
8120:
8097:
8085:
8055:
8042:
8030:
8003:
7973:
7960:
7947:
7932:
7930:, p. 101.
7917:
7905:
7903:, p. 158.
7890:
7878:
7874:Patterson 2001
7866:
7862:Goldhaber 2007
7854:
7824:
7794:
7768:
7757:on 6 July 2017
7736:
7705:
7689:
7663:
7632:
7617:(4): 807–834.
7597:
7579:
7566:
7559:
7533:
7520:10.2307/840224
7514:(4): 781–808.
7498:
7494:Markovits 2007
7483:
7471:
7469:, p. 127.
7459:
7438:"Saudi Arabia"
7429:
7417:
7405:
7393:
7387:978-0226077598
7386:
7368:
7355:
7342:
7315:
7288:
7275:
7260:
7229:
7227:, p. 159.
7217:
7207:
7189:
7177:
7154:
7140:
7133:Table Talk of
7124:
7112:
7100:
7070:
7040:
7038:, p. 204.
7028:
7016:
7004:
6992:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6926:
6896:
6860:
6815:
6803:
6801:, p. 309.
6791:
6789:, p. 307.
6779:
6777:, p. 305.
6767:
6765:, p. 304.
6755:
6753:, p. 287.
6743:
6741:, p. 273.
6731:
6724:
6706:
6699:
6681:
6679:, p. 276.
6669:
6656:
6637:
6617:
6602:
6583:
6574:Commercial Law
6563:
6551:
6539:
6537:, p. 121.
6527:
6525:, p. 346.
6515:
6503:
6491:
6472:
6442:
6430:
6415:
6403:
6391:
6379:
6366:
6335:
6322:
6309:
6296:
6265:
6257:Kant, Immanuel
6249:
6233:
6198:
6177:
6164:
6151:
6136:
6134:, p. 410.
6121:
6106:
6104:, p. 184.
6094:
6078:
6066:
6049:
6024:
6008:
5992:
5950:
5935:
5909:
5882:(3): 195–234.
5866:
5859:
5841:
5810:
5791:(4): 539–543.
5775:
5756:
5726:
5705:(5): 558–583.
5685:
5664:(3): 241–265.
5644:
5601:
5566:
5512:
5481:
5474:
5456:
5421:
5386:
5343:
5312:
5275:
5273:, p. 525.
5263:
5238:
5226:
5177:
5144:
5105:(3): 301–306.
5085:
5058:(3): 429–446.
5042:
5030:
5026:Robertson 2006
5012:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4990:
4974:
4942:
4926:
4902:
4889:
4885:State-Building
4876:
4863:
4846:
4837:
4812:
4810:, 2, 104–107).
4797:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4782:Sources of law
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Outline of law
4754:
4752:Legal treatise
4749:
4744:
4742:Law dictionary
4739:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4682:
4679:
4663:Theodor Geiger
4650:Émile Durkheim
4602:Main article:
4599:
4596:
4514:Chicago School
4506:Richard Posner
4478:Richard Posner
4467:Main article:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4443:
4436:climate change
4432:Kyoto Protocol
4425:
4415:
4381:
4346:
4332:
4311:was introduced
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4276:
4273:related rights
4262:
4259:maritime liens
4243:
4226:bankruptcy law
4206:Commercial law
4203:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4134:
4128:
4114:
4072:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4028:
3988:
3985:
3981:mix our labour
3940:commercial law
3865:Main article:
3862:
3859:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3781:House of Lords
3735:
3732:
3645:Main article:
3642:
3639:
3623:rehabilitation
3566:, or pleading
3548:Adolf Eichmann
3534:dolus directus
3489:Main article:
3486:
3483:
3465:and formulas,
3461:of elections,
3399:Conseil d'État
3359:United Kingdom
3355:bill of rights
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3289:United Nations
3278:
3251:
3241:(WTO), or the
3179:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3131:Main article:
3128:
3125:
3078:
3075:
3067:debating clubs
2974:Main article:
2971:
2968:
2894:Doctor of Laws
2882:Master of Laws
2838:Main article:
2835:
2832:
2800:Baron de Grimm
2766:official with
2748:Main article:
2745:
2742:
2677:
2674:
2624:(appointed by
2575:Main article:
2572:
2569:
2545:constituencies
2473:Main article:
2470:
2467:
2352:Main article:
2349:
2346:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2210:Edward H. Levi
2179:
2176:
2152:Main article:
2149:
2146:
2142:world politics
2117:Ottoman Empire
2099:Main article:
2096:
2093:
2032:church council
2000:ecclesiastical
1943:Main article:
1940:
1937:
1843:Main article:
1840:
1837:
1747:British Empire
1723:and executive
1686:
1683:
1643:religious laws
1605:Roman Republic
1553:Main article:
1550:
1547:
1508:
1505:
1449:British Empire
1290:constitutional
1280:) and custom (
1251:transliterated
1247:Assyriologists
1235:Babylonian law
1231:King Hammurabi
1171:Main article:
1168:
1165:
1145:Ronald Dworkin
1053:Jeremy Bentham
1035:, notably his
1033:Thomas Aquinas
990:
987:
975:Thomas Aquinas
947:Ronald Dworkin
921:Thurman Arnold
897:Main article:
894:
891:
865:
853:
850:
802:, attested in
795:
792:
753:commercial law
590:
589:
587:
586:
579:
572:
564:
561:
560:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
512:
511:
506:
496:
491:
489:Family therapy
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
453:
452:
448:
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
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318:
317:
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302:
301:
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295:
290:
285:
280:
279:
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276:Party-directed
268:
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227:
221:
220:
210:
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207:
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132:
131:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
102:
101:
97:
96:
95:
94:
89:
84:
76:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18925:
18914:
18911:
18909:
18906:
18904:
18901:
18900:
18898:
18877:
18874:
18873:
18870:
18864:
18863:
18859:
18857:
18854:
18852:
18849:
18847:
18844:
18842:
18839:
18837:
18834:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18824:
18820:
18817:
18815:
18812:
18810:
18807:
18806:
18805:
18802:
18800:
18797:
18795:
18792:
18790:
18787:
18785:
18782:
18780:
18779:Jurisprudence
18777:
18775:
18772:
18770:
18767:
18765:
18762:
18760:
18757:
18755:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18745:
18742:
18740:
18737:
18735:
18732:
18730:
18727:
18726:
18724:
18720:
18711:
18710:
18706:
18701:
18700:
18696:
18691:
18690:
18686:
18681:
18680:
18676:
18671:
18670:
18666:
18661:
18660:
18656:
18651:
18650:
18646:
18641:
18640:
18636:
18631:
18630:
18626:
18621:
18620:
18616:
18611:
18610:
18609:Rights of Man
18606:
18601:
18600:
18596:
18591:
18590:
18586:
18581:
18580:
18576:
18571:
18570:
18566:
18561:
18560:
18556:
18551:
18550:
18546:
18541:
18540:
18536:
18531:
18530:
18526:
18521:
18520:
18519:De re publica
18516:
18511:
18510:
18506:
18501:
18500:
18496:
18495:
18493:
18489:
18479:
18476:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18466:
18464:
18461:
18459:
18456:
18454:
18451:
18449:
18446:
18444:
18441:
18439:
18436:
18434:
18431:
18429:
18426:
18424:
18421:
18419:
18416:
18414:
18411:
18409:
18406:
18404:
18401:
18399:
18396:
18394:
18391:
18389:
18386:
18384:
18381:
18379:
18376:
18374:
18371:
18369:
18366:
18364:
18361:
18359:
18356:
18354:
18351:
18349:
18346:
18344:
18341:
18339:
18336:
18334:
18331:
18329:
18326:
18324:
18321:
18319:
18316:
18314:
18311:
18309:
18306:
18304:
18301:
18299:
18296:
18294:
18291:
18289:
18286:
18284:
18281:
18279:
18276:
18274:
18271:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18244:
18241:
18239:
18236:
18234:
18231:
18229:
18226:
18224:
18221:
18219:
18216:
18214:
18211:
18209:
18206:
18204:
18201:
18199:
18196:
18194:
18191:
18189:
18186:
18184:
18181:
18179:
18176:
18174:
18171:
18169:
18166:
18164:
18161:
18159:
18156:
18154:
18151:
18149:
18146:
18145:
18143:
18139:20th and 21st
18137:
18131:
18128:
18126:
18123:
18121:
18118:
18116:
18113:
18111:
18108:
18106:
18103:
18101:
18098:
18096:
18093:
18091:
18088:
18086:
18083:
18081:
18078:
18076:
18073:
18071:
18068:
18066:
18063:
18061:
18058:
18056:
18053:
18051:
18048:
18046:
18043:
18041:
18038:
18036:
18033:
18031:
18028:
18026:
18023:
18021:
18018:
18016:
18013:
18009:
18006:
18005:
18004:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17992:
17989:
17988:
17987:
17984:
17982:
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17954:
17952:
17949:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17939:
17937:
17934:
17932:
17929:
17927:
17924:
17922:
17919:
17917:
17914:
17912:
17909:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17894:
17892:
17889:
17887:
17884:
17882:
17879:
17878:
17876:
17872:18th and 19th
17870:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17821:
17819:
17816:
17814:
17811:
17807:
17804:
17803:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17784:
17782:
17779:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17764:
17762:
17759:
17758:
17756:
17750:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17728:Nizam al-Mulk
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17675:
17673:
17669:
17663:
17660:
17658:
17655:
17653:
17650:
17648:
17645:
17643:
17640:
17636:
17633:
17632:
17631:
17628:
17626:
17623:
17621:
17618:
17616:
17613:
17611:
17608:
17606:
17603:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17587:
17585:
17581:
17578:
17576:
17572:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17526:
17523:
17520:
17519:
17514:
17512:
17509:
17507:
17504:
17502:
17499:
17497:
17494:
17492:
17489:
17487:
17484:
17482:
17479:
17477:
17474:
17472:
17469:
17467:
17464:
17462:
17459:
17456:
17455:
17450:
17448:
17445:
17444:
17442:
17438:
17432:
17429:
17427:
17424:
17422:
17419:
17417:
17414:
17412:
17411:Republicanism
17409:
17407:
17404:
17402:
17399:
17397:
17394:
17392:
17389:
17387:
17384:
17382:
17379:
17377:
17374:
17372:
17369:
17367:
17364:
17362:
17359:
17357:
17354:
17352:
17349:
17347:
17344:
17342:
17339:
17337:
17334:
17332:
17329:
17327:
17324:
17322:
17319:
17317:
17314:
17312:
17309:
17307:
17304:
17302:
17299:
17297:
17294:
17292:
17289:
17287:
17284:
17282:
17279:
17278:
17276:
17272:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17243:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17233:
17231:
17228:
17226:
17223:
17221:
17218:
17216:
17213:
17211:
17208:
17207:
17205:
17201:
17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17140:
17137:
17135:
17132:
17130:
17127:
17125:
17122:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17112:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17036:
17034:
17030:
17026:
17019:
17014:
17012:
17007:
17005:
17000:
16999:
16996:
16984:
16983:
16978:
16974:
16972:
16967:
16962:
16960:
16959:
16950:
16948:
16947:
16938:
16937:
16934:
16928:
16925:
16923:
16922:Human science
16920:
16918:
16917:
16913:
16911:
16908:
16907:
16905:
16901:
16895:
16892:
16891:
16889:
16885:
16879:
16878:Vegan studies
16876:
16874:
16871:
16867:
16864:
16862:
16859:
16858:
16857:
16854:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16842:
16841:Public health
16839:
16837:
16834:
16832:
16829:
16827:
16824:
16820:
16817:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16806:
16804:
16800:
16797:
16795:
16792:
16790:
16787:
16785:
16782:
16780:
16777:
16776:
16775:Philosophies
16774:
16772:
16771:Media studies
16769:
16767:
16764:
16762:
16759:
16757:
16754:
16752:
16749:
16747:
16746:Human ecology
16744:
16742:
16739:
16737:
16734:
16732:
16729:
16727:
16724:
16722:
16719:
16715:
16712:
16710:
16707:
16706:
16704:
16702:
16699:
16697:
16694:
16692:
16689:
16687:
16684:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16674:
16672:
16669:
16667:
16664:
16662:
16659:
16657:
16656:Anthrozoology
16654:
16650:
16647:
16645:
16642:
16641:
16639:
16638:
16636:
16632:
16624:
16621:
16619:
16616:
16614:
16611:
16609:
16606:
16604:
16601:
16600:
16599:
16596:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16581:developmental
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16568:
16567:
16564:
16560:
16557:
16555:
16554:public policy
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16536:
16535:
16532:
16528:
16525:
16524:
16523:
16520:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16508:
16506:
16505:legal systems
16503:
16501:
16500:legal history
16498:
16496:
16495:jurisprudence
16493:
16492:
16491:
16488:
16484:
16481:
16479:
16476:
16474:
16471:
16469:
16466:
16464:
16461:
16459:
16456:
16454:
16451:
16450:
16449:
16446:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16423:
16422:
16419:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16397:
16396:
16395:
16392:
16388:
16385:
16383:
16380:
16378:
16375:
16373:
16370:
16369:
16368:
16365:
16364:
16362:
16358:
16352:
16349:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16338:
16335:
16331:
16324:
16319:
16317:
16312:
16310:
16305:
16304:
16301:
16289:
16288:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16257:
16254:
16250:
16247:
16246:
16245:
16242:
16241:
16239:
16235:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16202:
16201:
16197:
16196:
16195:
16194:Human science
16192:
16190:
16187:
16186:
16184:
16180:
16174:
16173:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16154:
16152:
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16127:
16126:
16122:
16120:
16117:
16115:
16112:
16111:
16109:
16105:
16099:
16096:
16094:
16091:
16089:
16086:
16084:
16081:
16079:
16076:
16072:
16069:
16068:
16067:
16064:
16060:
16057:
16055:
16052:
16051:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16044:
16040:
16038:
16035:
16033:
16030:
16028:
16024:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16014:
16010:
16007:
16006:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15995:
15992:
15990:
15987:
15985:
15982:
15980:
15979:
15975:
15973:
15972:
15968:
15966:
15963:
15961:
15958:
15956:
15953:
15951:
15948:
15946:
15943:
15942:
15940:
15936:
15926:
15923:
15921:
15918:
15916:
15913:
15911:
15910:Environmental
15908:
15906:
15903:
15902:
15900:
15896:
15888:
15885:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15875:
15874:
15873:
15870:
15868:
15865:
15863:
15860:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15846:
15843:
15842:
15841:
15838:
15836:
15833:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15815:
15814:
15813:Language arts
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15790:
15788:
15784:
15780:
15773:
15768:
15766:
15761:
15759:
15754:
15753:
15750:
15744:
15737:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15693:New Caledonia
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15673:Easter Island
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15655:
15653:
15647:
15641:
15638:
15636:
15633:
15632:
15630:
15624:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15568:
15565:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15549:
15547:
15543:
15539:
15532:
15527:
15525:
15520:
15518:
15513:
15512:
15509:
15497:
15494:
15493:
15491:
15487:
15481:
15478:
15476:
15473:
15471:
15468:
15466:
15463:
15461:
15458:
15456:
15455:Faroe Islands
15453:
15451:
15448:
15447:
15445:
15439:
15433:
15430:
15428:
15427:South Ossetia
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15409:
15407:
15401:
15395:
15392:
15388:
15385:
15383:
15380:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15370:
15369:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15360:
15358:
15355:
15353:
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15318:
15315:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15303:
15300:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15278:
15275:
15273:
15270:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15260:
15258:
15255:
15253:
15252:Liechtenstein
15250:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15240:
15238:
15235:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15206:
15203:
15201:
15198:
15196:
15193:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15153:
15151:
15148:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15136:
15133:
15131:
15128:
15126:
15123:
15122:
15120:
15116:
15112:
15111:Law in Europe
15105:
15100:
15098:
15093:
15091:
15086:
15085:
15082:
15070:
15066:
15062:
15060:
15052:
15051:
15048:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15018:
15016:
15011:
15007:
15001:
14998:
14996:
14995:South Ossetia
14993:
14991:
14988:
14986:
14983:
14981:
14978:
14977:
14975:
14973:
14967:
14961:
14958:
14956:
14953:
14951:
14948:
14946:
14943:
14941:
14938:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14928:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14916:
14913:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14896:
14893:
14891:
14888:
14886:
14883:
14881:
14878:
14876:
14873:
14871:
14868:
14866:
14863:
14861:
14858:
14856:
14853:
14851:
14848:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14838:
14836:
14833:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14717:
14715:
14713:
14709:
14705:
14698:
14693:
14691:
14686:
14684:
14679:
14678:
14675:
14663:
14658:
14656:
14655:French Guiana
14653:
14651:
14648:
14647:
14645:
14639:
14634:
14628:
14625:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14613:
14610:
14608:
14605:
14603:
14600:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14569:
14567:
14565:
14561:
14557:
14550:
14545:
14543:
14538:
14536:
14531:
14530:
14527:
14515:
14512:
14510:
14507:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14485:
14482:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14465:
14462:
14460:
14457:
14455:
14452:
14450:
14447:
14445:
14442:
14440:
14437:
14435:
14432:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14422:
14420:
14417:
14416:
14414:
14406:
14400:
14399:United States
14397:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14370:
14367:
14365:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14286:
14284:
14280:
14276:
14269:
14264:
14262:
14257:
14255:
14250:
14249:
14246:
14229:
14225:
14221:
14218:
14212:
14208:
14205:
14199:
14196:
14190:
14186:
14182:
14179:
14178:
14175:
14167:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14152:
14150:
14142:
14136:
14133:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14121:
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14056:
14053:
14051:
14048:
14046:
14043:
14041:
14038:
14036:
14033:
14031:
14028:
14026:
14023:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14013:
14011:
14008:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13996:
13993:
13991:
13988:
13986:
13985:Guinea-Bissau
13983:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13861:
13857:
13850:
13845:
13843:
13838:
13836:
13831:
13830:
13827:
13821:
13817:Law by region
13814:
13802:
13801:
13797:
13795:
13794:
13790:
13788:
13787:
13776:
13774:
13773:
13768:
13762:
13761:
13758:
13750:
13747:
13746:
13745:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13735:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13702:
13699:
13698:
13697:
13694:
13690:
13687:
13686:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13654:Civil society
13652:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13625:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13613:Trier of fact
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13553:
13552:
13549:
13547:
13544:
13542:
13539:
13537:
13534:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13511:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13499:Legal opinion
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13480:
13479:Court-martial
13477:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13456:
13454:
13452:
13451:Jurisprudence
13448:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13363:
13361:
13357:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13340:Statutory law
13338:
13336:
13335:Socialist law
13333:
13329:
13328:Byzantine law
13326:
13325:
13324:
13321:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13290:
13287:
13286:
13285:
13282:
13281:
13280:
13279:Religious law
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13256:
13254:
13252:
13251:Legal systems
13248:
13242:
13239:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13221:
13220:
13219:Statutory law
13217:
13213:
13210:
13209:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13172:
13171:
13168:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13150:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13127:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13100:
13099:
13096:
13092:
13089:
13088:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13049:Statutory law
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13037:
13035:
13033:
13029:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13007:Transport law
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12952:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12925:Legal fiction
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12855:Financial law
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12814:Corporate law
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12754:
12750:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12738:Statutory law
12736:
12734:
12731:
12727:
12724:
12723:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12696:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12657:
12653:
12650:
12649:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12622:
12620:Core subjects
12618:
12614:
12607:
12602:
12600:
12595:
12593:
12588:
12587:
12584:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12523:
12520:
12519:
12501:
12497:
12493:
12489:
12477:
12473:
12469:
12465:
12453:
12449:
12445:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12424:
12420:
12416:
12415:
12404:
12400:
12396:
12392:
12387:
12383:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12353:
12349:
12345:
12341:
12337:
12333:
12329:
12325:
12320:
12316:
12310:
12306:
12301:
12297:
12293:
12289:
12285:
12281:
12277:
12273:
12269:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12252:
12248:
12243:
12241:
12235:
12231:
12227:
12221:
12217:
12213:
12209:
12205:
12199:
12195:
12190:
12183:
12176:
12175:
12169:
12165:
12159:
12155:
12150:
12146:
12141:
12137:
12131:
12127:
12122:
12118:
12112:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12097:Stone, Julius
12094:
12090:
12084:
12079:
12078:
12071:
12056:
12052:
12048:
12041:
12036:
12032:
12026:
12022:
12017:
12013:
12007:
12003:
11998:
11994:
11989:
11985:
11980:
11968:
11965:(in German).
11964:
11960:
11956:
11952:
11948:
11946:9781485133148
11942:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11918:
11914:
11910:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11895:(in German).
11894:
11893:Rechtstheorie
11889:
11874:
11870:
11866:
11862:
11859:(in French).
11858:
11851:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11826:
11822:
11821:
11815:
11811:
11805:
11801:
11797:
11793:
11789:
11785:
11781:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11757:
11753:
11749:
11743:
11739:
11734:
11730:
11726:
11722:
11718:
11712:
11708:
11703:
11699:
11693:
11689:
11685:
11681:
11677:
11671:
11667:
11662:
11658:
11652:
11648:
11643:
11639:
11634:
11630:
11624:
11619:
11618:
11612:
11608:
11593:
11589:
11585:
11581:
11577:
11573:
11569:
11562:
11557:
11553:
11547:
11543:
11538:
11534:
11528:
11524:
11520:
11515:
11511:
11505:
11501:
11498:
11493:
11489:
11483:
11479:
11474:
11470:
11466:
11462:
11450:
11446:
11442:
11438:
11434:
11419:
11412:
11411:
11406:
11402:
11398:
11392:
11388:
11383:
11379:
11375:
11371:
11367:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11346:
11342:
11336:
11332:
11327:
11323:
11319:
11315:
11311:
11310:
11304:
11300:
11294:
11290:
11286:
11281:
11277:
11272:
11268:
11262:
11258:
11253:
11249:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11231:
11224:
11220:
11216:
11212:
11208:
11204:
11200:
11196:
11192:
11185:
11180:
11176:
11170:
11166:
11162:
11158:
11154:
11150:
11144:
11140:
11135:
11131:
11127:
11123:
11108:
11104:
11098:
11091:
11090:
11084:
11080:
11074:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11060:
11056:
11050:
11046:
11041:
11037:
11031:
11027:
11022:
11018:
11012:
11007:
11006:
10999:
10995:
10989:
10985:
10980:
10974:
10970:
10964:
10960:
10959:
10953:
10938:
10934:
10930:
10923:
10918:
10914:
10908:
10904:
10899:
10895:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10869:
10865:
10860:
10856:
10850:
10847:. Routledge.
10846:
10842:
10838:
10826:
10823:(in German).
10822:
10821:
10816:
10812:
10808:
10802:
10798:
10793:
10789:
10783:
10779:
10778:
10773:
10769:
10765:
10761:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10745:
10740:
10736:
10735:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10717:
10713:
10709:
10705:
10701:
10697:
10692:
10689:
10685:
10681:
10677:
10673:
10667:
10663:
10658:
10654:
10648:
10644:
10639:
10635:
10629:
10625:
10621:
10617:
10613:
10607:
10603:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10584:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10564:
10563:
10556:
10552:
10548:
10544:
10540:
10534:
10530:
10525:
10521:
10515:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10491:
10487:
10486:
10481:
10477:
10473:
10467:
10463:
10459:
10454:
10450:
10444:
10440:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10422:. Routledge.
10421:
10416:
10410:
10406:
10400:
10396:
10392:
10387:
10383:
10379:
10375:
10371:
10367:
10363:
10359:
10355:
10350:
10346:
10342:
10338:
10334:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10316:
10312:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10290:
10284:
10280:
10275:
10271:
10265:
10261:
10256:
10252:
10246:
10243:. MIT Press.
10242:
10237:
10233:
10227:
10223:
10218:
10214:
10208:
10204:
10200:
10196:
10192:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10146:9780883633120
10142:
10138:
10134:
10130:
10115:
10111:
10107:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10084:
10080:
10076:
10072:
10068:
10064:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10042:
10038:
10033:
10029:
10023:
10019:
10014:
10010:
10004:
10000:
9995:
9991:
9985:
9981:
9976:
9964:
9960:
9959:
9954:
9950:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9928:
9927:"John Austin"
9923:
9918:
9917:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9897:
9893:
9888:
9885:
9881:
9875:
9871:
9870:
9864:
9860:
9854:
9850:
9845:
9841:
9835:
9831:
9826:
9822:
9816:
9812:
9807:
9803:
9797:
9793:
9788:
9784:
9779:
9776:
9772:
9769:
9763:
9759:
9754:
9752:
9746:
9742:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9713:
9709:
9703:
9699:
9694:
9690:
9684:
9680:
9675:
9668:
9664:
9657:
9652:
9651:
9639:
9634:
9627:
9622:
9615:
9610:
9603:
9598:
9591:
9586:
9579:
9574:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9549:
9542:
9537:
9535:
9527:
9522:
9520:
9512:
9506:
9499:
9493:
9486:
9480:
9473:
9468:
9461:
9456:
9450:, p. 53.
9449:
9444:
9428:
9424:
9418:
9411:
9405:
9398:
9393:
9374:
9367:
9361:
9354:
9353:
9347:
9339:
9338:
9331:
9324:
9319:
9312:
9307:
9301:, p. 25.
9300:
9295:
9288:
9287:Matthews 1995
9283:
9276:
9275:
9269:
9263:
9259:
9256:
9253:
9252:
9245:
9238:
9233:
9226:
9225:
9219:
9212:
9211:
9204:
9197:
9196:
9190:
9188:
9180:
9179:
9173:
9166:
9161:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9102:
9095:
9089:
9073:
9069:
9065:
9059:
9053:
9050:
9046:
9043:
9037:
9030:
9025:
9023:
9015:
9014:
9008:
9001:
8995:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8958:
8952:
8945:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8933:14 QBD 273 DC
8931:
8925:
8918:
8913:
8906:
8901:
8894:
8893:
8888:
8882:
8875:
8874:
8869:
8863:
8856:
8850:
8843:
8838:
8836:
8828:
8823:
8821:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8803:
8798:
8792:, p. 75.
8791:
8786:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8712:
8696:
8692:
8690:
8682:
8666:
8662:
8660:
8652:
8645:
8639:
8620:
8616:
8612:
8605:
8598:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8567:
8560:
8554:
8547:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8531:
8524:
8518:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8483:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8453:
8446:
8441:
8435:
8434:
8430:
8427:
8422:
8416:
8409:
8404:
8397:
8391:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8365:
8364:Civil Society
8361:
8358:(Pelczynski,
8355:
8348:
8343:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8326:
8320:
8313:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8297:Civil Society
8292:
8285:
8279:
8277:
8269:
8264:
8257:
8252:
8236:
8232:
8226:
8210:
8206:
8200:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8176:
8169:
8164:
8157:
8152:
8145:
8139:
8132:
8127:
8125:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8107:
8101:
8095:, p. 16.
8094:
8089:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8064:"bureaucracy"
8059:
8052:
8046:
8040:
8034:
8019:on 6 May 2008
8018:
8014:
8007:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7970:
7964:
7957:
7951:
7945:, p. 71.
7944:
7939:
7937:
7929:
7924:
7922:
7914:
7909:
7902:
7897:
7895:
7887:
7882:
7875:
7870:
7863:
7858:
7842:
7838:
7835:(in French).
7834:
7828:
7812:
7808:
7805:(in German).
7804:
7798:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7753:
7746:
7740:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7709:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7667:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7636:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7594:
7590:
7589:
7583:
7576:
7570:
7562:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7537:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7490:
7488:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7467:Akhlaghi 2005
7463:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7426:
7421:
7414:
7409:
7403:, p. 43.
7402:
7401:Anderson 1956
7397:
7389:
7383:
7379:
7372:
7365:
7359:
7352:
7346:
7330:
7326:
7319:
7303:
7299:
7292:
7285:
7279:
7271:
7264:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7221:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7200:
7193:
7187:, p. 17.
7186:
7181:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7151:
7150:
7144:
7137:
7136:
7131:Pollock (ed)
7128:
7121:
7116:
7109:
7104:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7079:"Magna Carta"
7074:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7037:
7032:
7025:
7020:
7014:, p. 43.
7013:
7008:
7002:, p. 35.
7001:
6996:
6990:, p. 32.
6989:
6984:
6978:, p. 21.
6977:
6972:
6966:, p. 18.
6965:
6960:
6944:
6940:
6939:The Economist
6936:
6930:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6881:
6877:
6870:
6864:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6807:
6800:
6795:
6788:
6783:
6776:
6771:
6764:
6759:
6752:
6747:
6740:
6735:
6727:
6725:9781136950360
6721:
6718:. Routledge.
6717:
6710:
6702:
6700:9781783475728
6696:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6660:
6644:
6640:
6638:9780199673667
6634:
6630:
6629:
6621:
6615:, p. 71.
6614:
6609:
6607:
6590:
6586:
6584:9780199692088
6580:
6576:
6575:
6567:
6560:
6555:
6549:, p. 39.
6548:
6543:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6519:
6512:
6507:
6501:, p. 11.
6500:
6495:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6426:
6419:
6413:, p. 37.
6412:
6407:
6401:, p. 21.
6400:
6395:
6388:
6383:
6376:
6370:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6326:
6319:
6316:Kazantzakis,
6313:
6306:
6300:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6194:1-85431-582-X
6191:
6187:
6181:
6174:
6168:
6161:
6155:
6148:
6143:
6141:
6133:
6128:
6126:
6118:
6113:
6111:
6103:
6102:Campbell 1993
6098:
6091:
6087:
6082:
6076:, p. 36.
6075:
6070:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6046:
6045:1-85431-582-X
6042:
6038:
6034:
6028:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5988:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5954:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5936:9780472096251
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5860:1-931255-13-X
5856:
5852:
5845:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5757:9780199296064
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5516:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5477:
5475:9789087280574
5471:
5467:
5460:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5193:(19): 53–81.
5192:
5188:
5181:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5034:
5028:, p. 90.
5027:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5013:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4963:UK Law Online
4960:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4899:
4893:
4886:
4880:
4873:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4841:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4643:Around 1900,
4638:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:Eugen Ehrlich
4623:
4622:legal culture
4619:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:privatisation
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4358:privatisation
4355:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4325:corporate tax
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4246:Admiralty law
4244:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4214:insurance law
4211:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3950:chimney sweep
3947:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3888:Real property
3885:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:consideration
3676:
3672:
3671:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:" crimes, an
3527:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3467:vote counting
3464:
3460:
3459:accessibility
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:apportionment
3444:
3443:redistricting
3440:
3439:party funding
3436:
3432:
3431:ballot access
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:, holds that
3383:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:United States
3344:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3297:African Union
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:civil society
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:Civil society
2970:Civil society
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:, persuasive
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:Doctor of law
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:motivated by
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:Ancient Greek
2785:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:United States
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:head of state
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2493:National Diet
2490:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2392:Supreme Court
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:Supreme Court
2377:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2305:Thomas Hobbes
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:civil society
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:mischief rule
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:Legal methods
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2154:Socialist law
2148:Socialist law
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:western world
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1966:
1965:Ancient Greek
1958:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:Old Testament
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1845:Religious law
1839:Religious law
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1730:stare decisis
1726:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1679:Latin America
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:Enlightenment
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:codifications
1573:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:Legal systems
1504:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1492:Socialist law
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Taiwanese law
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:Mughal Empire
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
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1129:H. L. A. Hart
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1103:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1073:will to power
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Immanuel Kant
1046:
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939:H. L. A. Hart
937:
935:
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917:municipal law
914:
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863:
859:
858:Jurisprudence
849:
826:
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815:
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791:
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785:
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772:legal history
768:
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694:religious law
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675:
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666:jurisdictions
662:
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648:
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628:
625:, usually in
624:
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616:
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578:
573:
571:
566:
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563:
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541:Peacebuilding
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531:Peace process
529:
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264:Collaborative
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109:
108:Jurisprudence
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68:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18860:
18759:Elite theory
18707:
18697:
18687:
18677:
18667:
18657:
18647:
18637:
18627:
18617:
18607:
18597:
18587:
18577:
18567:
18557:
18547:
18537:
18527:
18517:
18507:
18497:
17796:Guicciardini
17752:Early modern
17575:Philosophers
17525:Open society
17461:Body politic
17331:Distributism
17321:Conservatism
17316:Confucianism
17235:Gerontocracy
17225:Dictatorship
17179:Sovereignty
17169:Ruling class
17088:
17059:Emancipation
17044:Citizenship
16980:
16956:
16944:
16914:
16721:Food studies
16661:Area studies
16489:
16414:mathematical
16409:econometrics
16367:Anthropology
16285:
16249:Philistinism
16244:Antihumanism
16198:
16170:
16156:Nova Religio
16123:
16041:
16021:Hermeneutics
15976:
15969:
15834:
15793:Anthropology
15649:Dependencies
15635:Cook Islands
15432:Transnistria
15394:Vatican City
15010:Dependencies
14940:Turkmenistan
14905:Saudi Arabia
14704:Law of Asia
14638:Dependencies
14504:Sint Maarten
14484:Saint Martin
14220:Saint Helena
14191:
14095:South Africa
14085:Sierra Leone
13890:Burkina Faso
13798:
13791:
13777:
13763:
13536:Jurisdiction
13504:Legal remedy
13459:Adjudication
13359:Legal theory
13197:Ratification
13192:Promulgation
13163:Proclamation
13143:Codification
13076:Human rights
13064:Divine right
13054:Constitution
13022:Women in law
12940:Military law
12935:Marriage law
12930:Maritime law
12829:Election law
12769:Aviation law
12759:Abortion law
12711:Property law
12647:Criminal law
12612:
12504:. Retrieved
12495:
12480:. Retrieved
12471:
12456:. Retrieved
12447:
12427:. Retrieved
12403:the original
12371:
12356:. Retrieved
12331:
12327:
12305:Criminal Law
12304:
12271:
12267:
12258:
12245:– via
12239:
12215:
12193:
12182:the original
12173:
12153:
12144:
12125:
12106:
12076:
12062:. Retrieved
12050:
12046:
12020:
12001:
11992:
11983:
11971:. Retrieved
11962:
11936:
11921:. Retrieved
11917:the original
11912:
11896:
11892:
11880:. Retrieved
11873:the original
11860:
11856:
11824:
11818:
11799:
11763:
11759:
11737:
11728:
11706:
11687:
11665:
11646:
11637:
11616:
11599:. Retrieved
11571:
11567:
11541:
11522:
11500:
11496:
11477:
11471:(in German).
11468:
11453:. Retrieved
11444:
11425:. Retrieved
11409:
11386:
11353:
11349:
11330:
11313:
11307:
11291:. Springer.
11288:
11275:
11256:
11246:– via
11243:
11223:the original
11194:
11190:
11164:
11138:
11129:
11114:. Retrieved
11107:the original
11088:
11067:
11044:
11025:
11004:
10983:
10957:
10944:. Retrieved
10937:the original
10932:
10928:
10902:
10894:the original
10889:
10863:
10844:
10841:Heinze, Eric
10829:. Retrieved
10819:
10815:Hegel, Georg
10797:Legal Ethics
10796:
10776:
10747:
10743:
10733:
10699:
10695:
10679:
10661:
10642:
10623:
10601:
10582:
10561:
10550:
10528:
10509:
10494:. Retrieved
10484:
10461:
10438:
10419:
10394:
10357:
10353:
10344:
10323:Law's Empire
10322:
10300:
10278:
10259:
10240:
10221:
10202:
10180:
10158:
10136:
10121:. Retrieved
10093:
10089:
10062:
10058:
10036:
10017:
9998:
9980:Criminal Law
9979:
9967:. Retrieved
9957:
9941:. Retrieved
9930:
9915:
9910:Berle, Adolf
9891:
9883:
9868:
9849:Contract Law
9848:
9832:. Springer.
9829:
9810:
9791:
9782:
9760:– via
9750:
9723:(1): 43–51.
9720:
9716:
9697:
9678:
9667:the original
9662:
9647:Bibliography
9633:
9621:
9614:Johnson 1995
9609:
9597:
9585:
9573:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9548:
9510:
9505:
9497:
9492:
9484:
9479:
9467:
9455:
9443:
9431:. Retrieved
9417:
9409:
9404:
9392:
9380:. Retrieved
9373:the original
9360:
9350:
9346:
9341: (1998).
9335:
9330:
9325:, p. 7.
9318:
9306:
9299:Savigny 1803
9294:
9282:
9272:
9268:
9255:2 All ER 426
9249:
9244:
9232:
9222:
9218:
9208:
9203:
9193:
9176:
9172:
9164:
9160:
9148:. Retrieved
9115:
9111:
9101:
9093:
9088:
9076:. Retrieved
9067:
9058:
9036:
9011:
9007:
8999:
8994:
8982:. Retrieved
8978:the original
8964:
8956:
8951:
8943:
8929:
8924:
8912:
8900:
8890:
8886:
8881:
8871:
8862:
8854:
8849:
8844:, p. 2.
8829:, p. 2.
8809:
8805:
8797:
8785:
8777:
8772:
8761:
8756:
8744:. Retrieved
8725:
8721:
8711:
8699:. Retrieved
8688:
8681:
8669:. Retrieved
8658:
8651:
8643:
8638:
8626:. Retrieved
8614:
8610:
8597:
8585:. Retrieved
8576:
8566:
8558:
8553:
8535:
8534:Petersmann,
8530:
8522:
8517:
8505:. Retrieved
8496:
8492:
8482:
8470:. Retrieved
8466:the original
8461:
8452:
8440:
8424:
8420:
8415:
8403:
8395:
8390:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8363:
8359:
8354:
8342:
8324:
8319:
8309:
8304:
8296:
8291:
8283:
8263:
8251:
8241:23 September
8239:. Retrieved
8225:
8215:23 September
8213:. Retrieved
8199:
8185:ECHR 1 at 49
8179:
8175:
8170:, p. 1.
8163:
8151:
8143:
8138:
8105:
8100:
8088:
8076:. Retrieved
8067:
8058:
8050:
8045:
8033:
8021:. Retrieved
8017:the original
8006:
7994:. Retrieved
7990:the original
7985:
7976:
7968:
7963:
7955:
7950:
7908:
7881:
7869:
7857:
7845:. Retrieved
7827:
7815:. Retrieved
7811:the original
7797:
7785:. Retrieved
7771:
7759:. Retrieved
7752:the original
7739:
7727:. Retrieved
7718:
7708:
7697:
7692:
7674:
7666:
7654:. Retrieved
7645:
7635:
7623:. Retrieved
7614:
7610:
7600:
7586:
7582:
7574:
7569:
7542:
7536:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7481:, p. 1.
7474:
7462:
7450:. Retrieved
7446:the original
7432:
7420:
7408:
7396:
7377:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7350:
7345:
7333:. Retrieved
7318:
7308:24 September
7306:. Retrieved
7291:
7283:
7278:
7269:
7263:
7251:. Retrieved
7247:the original
7242:
7232:
7220:
7212:
7198:
7192:
7180:
7162:
7161:Blackstone,
7157:
7147:
7143:
7132:
7127:
7122:, p. 3.
7115:
7110:, p. 4.
7103:
7091:. Retrieved
7073:
7061:. Retrieved
7057:the original
7043:
7031:
7019:
7007:
6995:
6983:
6971:
6959:
6947:. Retrieved
6938:
6929:
6917:. Retrieved
6908:
6899:
6887:. Retrieved
6875:
6863:
6851:. Retrieved
6832:
6828:
6818:
6806:
6794:
6782:
6770:
6758:
6746:
6734:
6715:
6709:
6690:
6684:
6672:
6664:
6659:
6647:. Retrieved
6643:the original
6627:
6620:
6593:. Retrieved
6573:
6566:
6561:, p. 1.
6554:
6542:
6530:
6523:Mallory 1997
6518:
6506:
6494:
6482:. Retrieved
6455:
6445:
6438:
6433:
6424:
6418:
6406:
6394:
6382:
6374:
6373:Bielefeldt,
6369:
6357:. Retrieved
6348:
6338:
6330:
6325:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6299:
6287:. Retrieved
6278:
6268:
6260:
6252:
6244:
6236:
6214:(1): 36–50.
6211:
6207:
6201:
6185:
6180:
6172:
6167:
6159:
6154:
6132:Dworkin 1986
6097:
6089:
6081:
6069:
6057:
6052:
6032:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6000:
5995:
5964:
5953:
5918:
5912:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5850:
5844:
5832:. Retrieved
5823:
5813:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5739:
5729:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5661:
5657:
5647:
5635:. Retrieved
5618:
5614:
5604:
5592:. Retrieved
5583:
5579:
5569:
5557:. Retrieved
5529:
5525:
5515:
5503:. Retrieved
5494:
5484:
5465:
5459:
5447:. Retrieved
5438:
5434:
5424:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5334:. Retrieved
5325:
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5291:
5278:
5266:
5251:
5241:
5229:
5217:. Retrieved
5190:
5180:
5168:. Retrieved
5157:
5147:
5135:. Retrieved
5102:
5098:
5088:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5033:
4998:
4993:
4977:
4952:
4937:
4929:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4855:Introduction
4854:
4849:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4821:ius scriptum
4820:
4815:
4807:
4801:
4707:
4677:in the U.S.
4653:
4642:
4618:social norms
4607:
4586:
4576:
4562:
4548:
4545:Ronald Coase
4538:
4534:free markets
4526:deregulation
4495:
4446:Aviation law
4418:Consumer law
4396:price fixing
4231:Law Merchant
4229:
4155:individuals.
4131:Evidence law
4079:civil rights
4075:Human rights
4069:minimum wage
4061:job security
4012:
3993:Equity (law)
3973:
3968:
3962:
3943:
3905:
3899:
3882:
3867:Property law
3861:Property law
3832:
3829:of her harm.
3806:duty of care
3799:
3790:
3766:
3750:civil wrongs
3747:
3723:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3668:
3666:
3641:Contract law
3607:imprisonment
3589:
3585:
3582:
3571:
3564:self defence
3561:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3494:
3491:Criminal law
3485:Criminal law
3411:election law
3408:
3397:
3379:
3363:body politic
3340:
3262:jurisdiction
3202:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3086:
3077:Areas of law
3045:
3021:
3014:
2995:
2937:
2918:
2914:
2878:Juris Doctor
2851:
2843:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2764:Qing dynasty
2738:failed state
2728:
2705:
2700:Johannesburg
2654:
2615:
2592:
2557:
2542:
2529:
2524:
2501:
2452:
2437:
2418:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2386:; in India,
2373:
2335:
2327:Control Yuan
2308:
2286:
2276:
2265:bureaucratic
2258:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2219:
2204:
2181:
2164:Soviet Union
2157:
2113:Muslim world
2110:
2082:
2059:
2053:
2051:Latin Church
2049:governs the
2036:
1962:
1954:
1914:
1879:
1873:
1859:and Islamic
1854:
1826:
1796:, the first
1787:
1775:
1744:
1728:
1714:
1695:Equity (law)
1660:
1654:
1624:
1612:
1590:
1574:—especially
1569:
1524:
1473:Qing Dynasty
1466:
1410:
1406:Arthashastra
1404:
1394:
1373:
1356:Law Merchant
1340:legal maxims
1304:Roman Empire
1298:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1255:
1199:civilization
1196:
1187:code of laws
1156:
1149:interpretive
1140:Law's Empire
1138:
1132:
1126:
1114:Carl Schmitt
1089:
1083:
1077:
1045:Hugo Grotius
1043:
1036:
1006:
968:
956:Law's Empire
954:
932:
930:
902:
888:
879:
876:
871:general will
867:
799:
797:
769:
729:criminal law
714:
710:Saudi Arabia
680:the law. In
663:
639:constitution
594:
593:
536:Peace treaty
387:Brinkmanship
248:
244:Conciliation
163:Legal debate
149:Prescriptive
118:Positive law
100:Legal theory
58:
43:
18633:(1835–1840)
18513:(c. 350 BC)
18503:(c. 375 BC)
18120:Tocqueville
18085:Saint-Simon
18050:Montesquieu
17901:Bolingbroke
17833:Machiavelli
17713:Ibn Khaldun
17678:Alpharabius
17671:Middle Ages
17496:Natural law
17471:Common good
17396:Nationalism
17356:Imperialism
17326:Corporatism
17301:Colonialism
17281:Agrarianism
17260:Technocracy
17240:Meritocracy
17220:Bureaucracy
17210:Aristocracy
16982:Wikiversity
16873:Social work
16761:Linguistics
16686:Criminology
16603:criminology
16586:personality
16544:comparative
16522:Linguistics
16515:private law
16372:archaeology
16098:Work of art
16066:Metaphysics
16027:Historicism
15872:Visual arts
15798:Archaeology
15786:Disciplines
15582:New Zealand
15470:Isle of Man
15405:recognition
15352:Switzerland
15287:Netherlands
15069:Asia portal
14970:States with
14890:Philippines
14830:South Korea
14825:North Korea
14720:Afghanistan
14474:Puerto Rico
14384:Saint Lucia
14334:El Salvador
14147:recognition
14100:South Sudan
13990:Ivory Coast
13708:Legislature
13639:Bureaucracy
13436:Rule of man
13431:Rule of law
13406:Libertarian
13269:Chinese law
13170:Legislation
13120:Regulations
13108:Law reports
13086:Natural law
12982:Reparations
12977:Refugee law
12900:Jurimetrics
12841:(Media law)
12779:Banking law
12774:Amnesty law
12752:Disciplines
12689:Private law
12458:10 February
12429:10 November
11882:10 February
11863:: 101–120.
11802:. Penguin.
11684:Raz, Joseph
11427:10 November
11410:Bureaucracy
11316:: 233–253.
11234:Locke, John
11197:: 413–457.
11116:2 September
10946:12 February
10496:11 February
10205:. Ashgate.
9955:(1765–69).
9556:, Hertogh,
9448:Jakoby 2005
9382:1 September
9323:McGhee 2000
9237:Harris 1994
9181:AC 532, 580
8984:10 February
8917:Kaiser 2005
8842:Wilson 2003
8701:1 September
8693:. Eur-Lex.
8663:. Eur-Lex.
8472:1 September
8408:Jakobs 2004
8394:Robertson,
8106:Bureaucracy
8093:Albrow 1970
8078:2 September
7996:10 December
7913:Rasekh 2005
7901:Sherif 2005
7847:11 February
7817:10 November
7787:12 November
7761:10 November
7671:Montesquieu
7646:ERIC POSNER
7625:18 December
7479:Hallaq 2005
7452:2 September
7425:Sherif 2005
7298:"Home Page"
7239:"Canon Law"
7135:John Selden
7093:10 November
7024:Hatzis 2002
6853:31 December
6613:Mattei 1997
6595:10 December
6399:Bayles 1992
6329:Linarelli,
6303:Nietzsche,
6289:10 December
6162:457 at 461.
6074:Arnold 1935
5834:31 December
5768:31 December
5742:: 752–774.
5505:31 December
5449:31 December
5336:31 December
5305:31 December
5271:Berger 1953
5219:31 December
5170:31 December
5038:Willis 1926
4981:In the UK,
4911:Peter Birks
4887:, 166–167).
4610:criminology
4575:case named
4541:Nobel Prize
4522:Gary Becker
4490:Gary Becker
4486:Nobel Prize
4408:Clayton Act
4404:Sherman Act
4335:Banking law
4238:and the US
4184:Company law
4145:citizenship
4127:or hearing.
3932:company law
3907:in personam
3773:ginger beer
3588:v ..." or "
3471:referendums
3419:democracies
3334:The French
3097:private law
2984:A march in
2866:law society
2862:bar council
2776:bureaucracy
2750:Bureaucracy
2744:Bureaucracy
2720:show trials
2636:), and the
2489:lower house
2475:Legislature
2469:Legislature
2315:Sun Yat-sen
2225:probability
2221:Jurimetrics
2192:golden rule
2024:adjudicated
1963:Canon law (
1917:Israeli law
1777:Magna Carta
1725:regulations
1709:Magna Carta
1621:Justinian I
1601:Justinian I
1572:legislation
1467:Similarly,
1445:became part
1361:nationalism
1334:jus commune
1322:during the
1312:Justinian I
1118:rule of law
1080:Hans Kelsen
1013:utilitarian
1009:John Austin
943:John Austin
804:Old English
733:private law
619:regulations
607:legislature
599:enforceable
551:Rule of man
546:Peacemaking
499:Game theory
377:Appeasement
293:Negotiation
259:Rule of law
234:Arbitration
225:Nonviolence
154:Jurimetrics
18897:Categories
18841:Separatism
18649:On Liberty
18549:The Prince
18278:Huntington
17781:Campanella
17708:al-Ghazali
17657:Thucydides
17615:Lactantius
17560:Statolatry
17386:Monarchism
17366:Liberalism
17291:Capitalism
17274:Ideologies
17255:Plutocracy
17203:Government
17159:Revolution
17144:Propaganda
17094:Legitimacy
17069:Government
16927:Humanities
16861:historical
16794:psychology
16766:Management
16608:demography
16566:Psychology
16549:philosophy
16510:public law
16441:integrated
16059:Quadrivium
15984:Creativity
15950:Aesthetics
15877:Filmmaking
15862:Philosophy
15818:Literature
15779:Humanities
15322:San Marino
15282:Montenegro
15262:Luxembourg
15242:Kazakhstan
15145:Azerbaijan
14950:Uzbekistan
14925:Tajikistan
14840:Kyrgyzstan
14820:Kazakhstan
14740:Bangladesh
14730:Azerbaijan
14469:Montserrat
14464:Martinique
14459:Guadeloupe
14314:Costa Rica
14202:(Portugal)
14160:Somaliland
14080:Seychelles
14045:Mozambique
14030:Mauritania
14015:Madagascar
13970:The Gambia
13905:Cape Verde
13701:Law school
13581:Prosecutor
13519:Magistrate
13306:Jewish law
13264:Common law
13185:Rulemaking
13180:Regulation
13130:Law making
13069:Divine law
13045:Legal code
12992:Sports law
12915:Law of war
12865:Health law
12850:Family law
12834:Energy law
12784:Bankruptcy
12721:Punishment
12716:Public law
12506:9 February
12482:9 February
12255:Weber, Max
12247:Wikisource
12234:Weber, Max
12212:Weber, Max
12064:9 February
11973:11 October
11923:8 November
11899:: 521–551.
11455:14 January
11248:Wikisource
11157:Kettl, Don
10123:4 November
9762:Wikisource
9558:Living Law
9513:, VIII, 23
9472:Coase 1960
9460:Coase 1937
9397:Berle 1932
9355:1 WLR 1260
9311:Locke 1689
9078:5 December
9068:dejure.org
8776:Tamanaha,
8671:19 January
8256:Ahmad 2009
8156:Kettl 2006
8131:Kettl 2006
8023:24 January
7967:See, e.g.
7928:Riker 1992
7886:Dicey 2005
7225:Glenn 2000
7063:13 October
7012:Stein 1999
7000:Stein 1999
6988:Stein 1999
6835:(3): 817.
6811:Farah 2006
6799:Glenn 2000
6787:Glenn 2000
6775:Glenn 2000
6763:Glenn 2000
6751:Glenn 2000
6739:Glenn 2000
6677:Glenn 2000
6559:Stein 1999
6547:Kelly 1992
6511:Kelly 1992
6437:VerSteeg,
6359:9 February
5999:Rousseau,
5989:required.)
5441:(2): 262.
5402:(3): 317.
5234:Cohen 1992
5009:References
4777:Social law
4695:Law portal
4625:founders,
4498:Adam Smith
4380:countries.
4329:income tax
4269:copyrights
4222:insolvency
4198:under the
4159:Family law
4105:makes the
4097:) and the
4053:Labour law
4019:principles
3964:possession
3898:. A right
3855:labour law
3851:defamation
3785:Lord Atkin
3763:negligence
3619:sentencing
3586:The People
3530:actus reus
3511:actus reus
3382:John Locke
3375:convention
3167:Wikisource
3143:See also:
3089:public law
3081:See also:
3063:legitimate
2808:intendants
2786:) and the
2611:confidence
2534:unicameral
2384:High Court
2376:apex court
2303:theory of
2301:absolutist
2229:statistics
2202:possible.
2095:Sharia law
2070:common law
2020:legislated
1906:Pentateuch
1849:See also:
1814:Lord Eldon
1810:principles
1717:common law
1691:Common law
1656:Code Civil
1609:magistrate
1588:Babylonian
1531:scriptures
1485:Mao Zedong
1412:Manusmriti
1365:Napoleonic
1352:common law
1211:rhetorical
1153:Joseph Raz
1098:basic norm
1065:positivism
1057:David Hume
993:See also:
985:elements.
983:naturalist
979:positivist
961:Joseph Raz
776:philosophy
765:common law
717:public law
698:Sharia law
682:common law
627:common law
402:Deterrence
87:Philosophy
82:Definition
18559:Leviathan
18539:Monarchia
18533:(c. 1274)
18368:Oakeshott
18313:Mansfield
18308:Luxemburg
18293:Kropotkin
18188:Bernstein
18141:centuries
18055:Nietzsche
17998:Jefferson
17926:Condorcet
17874:centuries
17853:Pufendorf
17718:Marsilius
17605:Confucius
17590:Aristotle
17583:Antiquity
17511:Noble lie
17431:Third Way
17426:Socialism
17351:Feudalism
17306:Communism
17286:Anarchism
17265:Theocracy
17250:Oligarchy
17230:Democracy
17215:Autocracy
17129:Pluralism
17114:Obedience
17079:Hierarchy
17039:Authority
16805:Planning
16784:economics
16701:Education
16598:Sociology
16576:cognitive
16527:semiotics
16478:political
16436:technical
16421:Geography
16394:Economics
16131:Humanitas
16043:Humanitas
16032:Historism
15994:Criticism
15887:Sculpture
15552:Australia
15460:Gibraltar
15257:Lithuania
15036:Hong Kong
14990:Palestine
14915:Sri Lanka
14910:Singapore
14790:Indonesia
14627:Venezuela
14572:Argentina
14454:Greenland
14369:Nicaragua
14344:Guatemala
14035:Mauritius
13679:Judiciary
13674:Executive
13649:The bench
13586:Solicitor
13561:Barrister
13441:Sociology
13426:Pseudolaw
13366:Anarchist
13323:Roman law
13311:Parsi law
13296:Hindu law
13284:Canon law
13259:Civil law
13212:Concordat
13103:Precedent
13012:Trust law
12987:Space law
12824:Drugs law
12694:Procedure
12632:Civil law
12358:3 January
12296:147466309
11788:154483653
11601:3 January
11407:(1962) .
11065:(1998) .
10890:Leviathan
10831:9 January
10764:142679220
10724:154429555
10374:153128973
10343:(2002) .
10110:222331226
10059:Economica
9745:Aristotle
9552:Ehrlich,
9213:EWHC 2786
9150:1 January
9132:0044-0094
8998:Wehberg,
8866:See e.g.
8790:Auby 2002
8746:1 January
8657:"C-26/62
8628:1 January
8587:1 January
8525:, 900–901
8507:3 January
8327:, 3, II,
7729:8 January
7698:Leviathan
7656:16 August
7593:Sotomayor
6949:1 January
6919:1 January
6909:JuriGlobe
6889:1 January
6649:1 January
6535:Ober 1996
6484:3 January
6387:Finn 1991
6247:, 115–116
5960:"law, n."
5896:0017-811X
5797:0022-2208
5721:1468-2230
5680:1468-2230
5637:3 January
5594:3 January
5559:3 January
5381:146933872
5209:1581-7652
5137:3 January
5119:0022-0205
5072:0023-9216
4874:, 67 etc.
4861:, 282–284
4767:Pseudolaw
4645:Max Weber
4637:Max Weber
4598:Sociology
4591:efficient
4502:antitrust
4463:Economics
4440:polluters
4388:antitrust
4370:telecomms
4354:Water law
4279:Space law
4234:. The UK
4153:stateless
3997:Trust law
3954:halfpence
3928:easements
3924:covenants
3912:mortgages
3657:influenza
3578:necessity
3258:civil law
3105:civil law
3036:Karl Marx
2948:pleadings
2846:barrister
2790:for word
2770:visible).
2760:mandarins
2730:Max Weber
2724:Louis XIV
2662:Ministers
2595:authority
2571:Executive
2538:bicameral
2512:Bundestag
2440:interpret
2354:Judiciary
2348:Judiciary
2337:Max Weber
2310:Leviathan
2249:Leviathan
2215:Sotomayor
2125:codifying
2074:Roman law
2055:sui juris
2043:civil law
1974:romanized
1945:Canon law
1939:Canon law
1921:litigants
1904:, in the
1886:precedent
1865:canon law
1772:King John
1755:Louisiana
1739:civil law
1647:canon law
1617:Byzantine
1597:Byzantine
1549:Civil law
1457:Hong Kong
1453:Singapore
1437:Aurangzeb
1417:pluralism
1348:precedent
1328:canon law
1300:Roman law
1294:democracy
1227:casuistic
1183:Hammurabi
1161:sociology
1110:Grundnorm
814:Old Norse
798:The word
794:Etymology
784:sociology
757:civil law
737:contracts
700:based on
690:precedent
674:civil law
651:economics
631:contracts
623:precedent
484:Democracy
397:Diplomacy
392:Ceasefire
382:Armistice
306:Workplace
271:Mediation
144:Normative
18814:Centrism
18509:Politics
18499:Republic
18468:Voegelin
18448:Spengler
18433:Shariati
18408:Rothbard
18363:Nussbaum
18263:Habermas
18238:Fukuyama
18228:Foucault
18153:Ambedkar
18130:Voltaire
18100:de Staël
18075:Rousseau
17956:Franklin
17931:Constant
17891:Beccaria
17723:Muhammad
17703:Gelasius
17688:Averroes
17662:Xenophon
17642:Polybius
17595:Chanakya
17440:Concepts
17406:Populism
17376:Localism
17361:Islamism
17346:Feminism
17245:Monarchy
17149:Property
17139:Progress
17104:Monopoly
17074:Hegemony
16946:Category
16814:regional
16809:land use
16644:business
16613:internet
16571:abnormal
16473:military
16463:economic
16453:cultural
16426:physical
16387:physical
16377:cultural
16182:Academia
16151:Leonardo
16119:Daedalus
16107:Journals
16071:Ontology
15960:The arts
15882:Painting
15828:Rhetoric
15567:Kiribati
15480:Svalbard
15465:Guernsey
15412:Abkhazia
15382:Scotland
15337:Slovenia
15332:Slovakia
15307:Portugal
15165:Bulgaria
15059:Category
14980:Abkhazia
14930:Thailand
14885:Pakistan
14865:Mongolia
14860:Maldives
14855:Malaysia
14755:Cambodia
14617:Suriname
14607:Paraguay
14592:Colombia
14419:Anguilla
14354:Honduras
14324:Dominica
14299:Barbados
14226: /
14222: /
14215:(France)
14209: /
14187: /
14183: /
14135:Zimbabwe
14110:Tanzania
13960:Ethiopia
13955:Eswatini
13935:Djibouti
13900:Cameroon
13885:Botswana
13786:Category
13728:Tribunal
13713:Military
13556:Attorney
13526:Judgment
13386:Feminist
13301:Jain law
13098:Case law
12819:Cyberlaw
12726:Corporal
12704:Criminal
12674:Evidence
12664:Doctrine
12642:Contract
12526:Archived
12500:Archived
12476:Archived
12452:Archived
12423:Archived
12352:Archived
12257:(1964).
12236:(1919).
12099:(1965).
12055:Archived
11967:Archived
11957:(1803).
11939:. Juta.
11935:(2019).
11907:(1762).
11798:(2006).
11727:(1954).
11686:(1979).
11613:(2001).
11592:Archived
11449:Archived
11439:(1748).
11418:Archived
11378:41659603
11370:11657690
11236:(1689).
11211:54617575
10884:(1651).
10866:. Hart.
10843:(2013).
10825:Archived
10817:(1820).
10774:(1978).
10716:2123870?
10508:(2005).
10490:Archived
10482:(1894).
10321:(1986).
10299:(1893).
10201:(2006).
10179:(1999).
10157:(1992).
10135:(1992).
10114:Archived
10096:: 1–44.
9963:Archived
9943:4 August
9937:Archived
9912:(1932).
9771:Archived
9427:Archived
9258:Archived
9144:Archived
9072:Archived
9045:Archived
8955:Pelser,
8936:Archived
8740:Archived
8695:Archived
8687:"C-6/64
8665:Archived
8619:Archived
8581:Archived
8577:Newsweek
8557:Redfem,
8542:Archived
8501:Archived
8429:Archived
8332:Archived
8295:Warren,
8235:Archived
8209:Archived
8188:Archived
8146:, I, 393
8113:Archived
8072:Archived
7841:Archived
7781:Archived
7723:Archived
7682:Archived
7650:Archived
7619:Archived
7335:26 April
7329:Archived
7302:Archived
7253:9 August
7170:Archived
7087:Archived
6943:Archived
6913:Archived
6880:Archived
6847:Archived
6667:, 18–25.
6589:Archived
6478:Archived
6411:Raz 1979
6353:Archived
6283:Archived
6196:. p. 73.
6147:Raz 1979
6117:Bix 2022
6039:. 1996.
5828:Archived
5805:42896964
5762:Archived
5631:Archived
5588:Archived
5554:51854776
5499:Archived
5443:Archived
5416:20072892
5330:Archived
5296:Archived
5258:Archived
5213:Archived
5164:Archived
5155:(1882).
5131:Archived
4966:Archived
4918:Archived
4681:See also
4573:nuisance
4453:or ICAO.
4248:and the
3920:licences
3884:Property
3847:trespass
3835:nuisance
3813:breached
3748:Certain
3691:estoppel
3681:and the
3647:Contract
3568:insanity
3521:mens rea
3502:paradigm
3404:Napoleon
3371:case law
3291:and the
3026:and the
2925:chambers
2921:law firm
2912:in Law.
2824:red tape
2686:Military
2508:Congress
2321:for the
2166:and the
1931:and the
1767:Henry II
1751:Scotland
1735:contrast
1721:statutes
1667:Japanese
1645:such as
1619:Emperor
1599:Emperor
1580:statutes
1395:Ancient
1374:de facto
1344:brocards
1342:(called
1338:. Latin
1320:case law
1223:law code
1219:Ur-Nammu
1215:Sumerian
924:down to
884:, II, 6.
741:property
731:; while
647:politics
611:statutes
323:Violence
288:Pacifism
51:a series
49:Part of
18913:Justice
18851:Statism
18764:Elitism
18722:Related
18523:(51 BC)
18453:Strauss
18428:Scruton
18423:Schmitt
18413:Russell
18333:Michels
18328:Maurras
18323:Marcuse
18283:Kautsky
18253:Gramsci
18248:Gentile
18218:Dworkin
18208:Du Bois
18203:Dmowski
18198:Chomsky
18193:Burnham
18178:Benoist
18148:Agamben
18115:Thoreau
18105:Stirner
18095:Spencer
18040:Mazzini
18030:Maistre
18025:Madison
18020:Le Play
17951:Fourier
17916:Carlyle
17896:Bentham
17886:Bastiat
17881:Bakunin
17858:Spinoza
17848:Müntzer
17818:Leibniz
17791:Grotius
17771:Bossuet
17738:Plethon
17683:Aquinas
17652:Sun Tzu
17620:Mencius
17610:Han Fei
17381:Marxism
17341:Fascism
17174:Society
17099:Liberty
17084:Justice
17064:Freedom
16958:Commons
16789:history
16779:science
16714:studies
16448:History
16360:Primary
16346:History
16341:Outline
16237:Related
16172:more...
16054:Trivium
16004:Culture
15978:Bildung
15920:Medical
15905:Digital
15855:Theatre
15808:History
15713:Tokelau
15617:Vanuatu
15372:England
15362:Ukraine
15312:Romania
15272:Moldova
15230:Ireland
15225:Iceland
15220:Hungary
15210:Germany
15205:Georgia
15195:Finland
15190:Estonia
15185:Denmark
15170:Croatia
15155:Belgium
15150:Belarus
15140:Austria
15135:Armenia
15130:Andorra
15125:Albania
14955:Vietnam
14870:Myanmar
14850:Lebanon
14780:Georgia
14735:Bahrain
14725:Armenia
14622:Uruguay
14597:Ecuador
14577:Bolivia
14449:Curaçao
14434:Bonaire
14429:Bermuda
14359:Jamaica
14339:Grenada
14294:Bahamas
14211:Réunion
14207:Mayotte
14198:Madeira
14193:(Spain)
14189:Melilla
14120:Tunisia
14090:Somalia
14075:Senegal
14060:Nigeria
14050:Namibia
14040:Morocco
14005:Liberia
14000:Lesotho
13950:Eritrea
13920:Comoros
13895:Burundi
13870:Algeria
13800:Outline
13737:History
13644:The bar
13618:Verdict
13566:Counsel
13546:Justice
13401:History
13224:Statute
13040:Charter
13002:Tax law
12950:Probate
12492:"legal"
12399:2447898
12348:1065717
12288:2195750
11937:Air Law
11841:2674504
11780:1601440
11588:3548111
10395:Law 101
9737:2607811
9509:Coase,
9496:Coase,
9487:, IV, 7
9483:Coase,
9092:Smith,
8887:Law 111
8760:Locke,
8561:, 68–69
8398:, 98–99
8323:Hegel,
8308:Locke,
8142:Weber,
8104:Mises,
8049:Weber,
8037:Weber,
7954:Olson,
6377:, 25–26
6333:, 23–26
6320:, 97–98
6228:2176104
6047:. p. 2.
5904:1325958
5546:3311976
5373:1051071
5127:1141239
5080:3052897
4900:, 1–2).
4737:Justice
4569:bargain
4543:winner
4449:of the
4317:Tax law
4255:salvage
4250:sea law
4188:company
3843:battery
3839:assault
3820:but for
3777:Paisley
3758:delicts
3716:Germany
3629:of the
3627:members
3554:by the
3367:statute
3365:, from
3266:capital
3215:sources
3199:in 2005
2992:in 1963
2929:counsel
2923:, in a
2902:Esquire
2876:, or a
2718:, used
2716:assizes
2648:and in
2628:), the
2601:. In a
2597:of the
2549:federal
2491:in the
2431:to the
2370:in 1953
2342:justice
2188:analogy
2121:Mecelle
2089:lawyers
1988:
1976::
1919:allows
1910:Halakha
1857:Halakha
1675:Central
1535:sources
1447:of the
1284:). Yet
1191:Shamash
1167:History
951:justice
915:" and "
788:justice
749:delicts
702:Islamic
686:binding
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18703:(1971)
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