1727:. This type of auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid required to be higher than the previous bid. An auctioneer may announce prices, bidders may call out their bids themselves (or have a proxy call out a bid on their behalf), or bids may be submitted electronically with the highest current bid publicly displayed. In some cases a maximum bid might be left with the auctioneer, who may bid on behalf of the bidder according to the bidder's instructions. The auction ends when no participant is willing to bid further, at which point the highest bidder pays their bid. Alternatively, if the seller has set a minimum sale price in advance (the 'reserve' price) and the final bid does not reach that price the item will remain unsold. Sometimes the auctioneer sets a minimum amount, sometimes known as a bidding increment, by which the next bid must exceed the current highest bid. The most significant distinguishing factor of this auction type is that the current highest bid is always available to potential bidders, although at that time there may be higher absentee bids held by the auctioneer which are not known to potential bidders. The English auction is commonly used for selling goods, most prominently antiques and artwork, but also secondhand goods and
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1768:. In the traditional Dutch auction the auctioneer begins with a high asking price for some quantity of like items; the price is lowered until a participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price for some quantity of the goods in the lot or until the seller's reserve price is met. If the first bidder does not purchase the entire lot, the auctioneer continues lowering the price until all of the items have been bid for or the reserve price is reached. Items are allocated based on bid order; the highest bidder selects their item(s) first followed by the second highest bidder, etc. In a modification, all of the winning participants pay only the last announced price for the items that they bid on. The Dutch auction is named for its best known example, the
1973:, a variation of all-pay auction, also known as a penny auction, often requires that each participant must pay a fixed price to place each bid, typically one penny (hence the name) higher than the current bid. When an auction's time period expires, the highest bidder wins the item and must pay a final bid price. Unlike in a conventional auction, the final price is typically much lower than the value of the item, but all bidders (not just the winner) will have paid for each bid placed; the winner will buy the item at a very low price (plus price of rights-to-bid used), all the losers will have paid, and the seller will typically receive significantly more than the value of the item. A
1840:
2585:, potentially skewing the market and diminishing its efficiency. Firstly, online auctions might enable bidders to obscure their identities, such as utilizing pseudonyms or multiple accounts to maintain anonymity. This concealment could simplify collusion without detection. Secondly, online auctions might ease the implementation of collusive arrangements among bidders. The accessibility of bidding data in online auctions, for instance, allows colluding bidders to monitor each other's bids, guarantee adherence to their agreements, and penalize non-compliance. This enhanced oversight capacity strengthens the stability of collusive agreements.
2881:(series 4, episode 3), in which the price of a watercolour by the (fictional) Jessie Webb is inflated so that others by the same artist could be sold for more than their purchase price. In an English auction, a dummy bid is a bid made by a dummy bidder acting in collusion with the auctioneer or vendor, designed to deceive genuine bidders into paying more. In a first-price auction, a dummy bid is an unfavourable bid designed so as not to become the winning bid. (The bidder does not want to win this auction, but they want to make sure to be invited to the next auction).
1159:
1808:, or a sealed-bid first-price auction/blind auction, is a type of auction where all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids so that no bidder knows the bid of any other participant. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted. This type of auction is distinct from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Furthermore, as bidders cannot see the bids of other participants they cannot adjust their own bids accordingly. From the theoretical perspective, this kind of bid process has been argued to be strategically equivalent to the
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that is low enough to be immediately accepted by one of the bidders. Once there is an opening bid, there will quickly be several other, higher bids submitted. Experienced auctioneers will often select an SOB that is about 45 percent of the (lowest) estimate. Thus there is a certain margin of safety to ensure that there will indeed be a lively auction with many bids submitted. Several observations indicate that the lower the SOB, the higher the final winning bid. This is due to the increase in the number of bidders attracted by the low SOB.
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1882:. In combinatorial auctions, determining the winning bidder(s) can be a complex process where even the bidder with the highest individual bid is not guaranteed to win. For example, in an auction with four items (W, X, Y and Z), if Bidder A offers $ 50 for items W & Y, Bidder B offers $ 30 for items W & X, Bidder C offers $ 5 for items X & Z and Bidder D offers $ 30 for items Y & Z, the winners will be Bidders B & D while Bidder A misses out because the
2815:. By agreeing to bid only against outsiders, never against members of the "ring", competition becomes weaker, which may dramatically affect the final price level. After the end of the official auction, an unofficial auction may take place among the "ring" members. The difference in price between the two auctions could then be split among the members. This form of a ring was used as a central plot device in the opening episode of the 1979 British television series
1936:, where the item for sale may not be sold if the final bid is not high enough to satisfy the seller. In practice, an auction advertised as "absolute" or "no-reserve" may nonetheless still not sell to the highest bidder on the day, for example, if the seller withdraws the item from the auction or extends the auction period indefinitely, although these practices may be restricted by law in some jurisdictions or under the terms of sale available from the auctioneer.
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sale price, acquisition cost, salvage value and lost sales. They established monotonicity properties for the value function and the optimal dynamic bid policy. They also provided a model for the case in which the buyer must acquire a fixed number of items either at a fixed buy-it-now price in the open market or by participating in a sequence of auctions. The objective of the buyer is to minimize their expected total cost for acquiring the fixed number of items.
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the auction room that is difficult for the audience to pin down. The practice is frowned upon in the industry. In the United States, chandelier bidding is not illegal. In fact, an auctioneer may bid up the price of an item to the reserve price, which is a threshold below which the consignor may refuse to sell the item. However, the auction house is required to disclose this information.
2055:. In a temporary-buyout auction the option to buy out the auction is not available after the first bid is placed. In a permanent-buyout auction the buyout option remains available throughout the entire auction until the close of bidding. The buyout price can either remain the same throughout the entire auction, or vary throughout according to rules or simply as decided by the seller.
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are still plugged in, and the great advantage of these auctions taking place on the premises is that they have the opportunity to view the goods as they were being used, and may be able to try them out. Bidders can also avoid the possibility of goods being damaged whilst they are being removed as they can do it or at least supervise the activity.
1956:. In the latter case, the decision to accept a bid is deferred to the auctioneer, who may accept a bid that is marginally below it. A reserve auction is safer for the seller than a no-reserve auction as they are not required to accept a low bid, but this could result in a lower final price if less interest is generated in the sale.
3120:β a minimum amount by which a new bid must exceed the previous bid. An auctioneer may decrease the increment when it appears that bidding on an item may stop, so as to get a higher hammer price. Alternatively, a participant may offer a bid at a smaller increment, which the auctioneer has the discretion to accept or reject.
2333:. The rapidly rising housing market saw many homes, especially in Victoria and New South Wales, selling for significantly more than both the vendors' reserve price and the advertised price range. Subsequently, the auction systems' lack of transparency about the value of the property was brought into question, with
2667:β Used by nonprofits, higher education, and religious institutions as a method to raise funds for a specific mission or cause both through the act of bidding itself, and by encouraging participants to support the cause and make personal donations. Often, these auctions are linked with another charity event like a
1063:, in Babylon, auctions of women for marriage were held annually. The auctions began with the woman the auctioneer considered to be the most beautiful and progressed to the least beautiful. It was considered illegal to allow a daughter to be sold outside of the auction method. Attractive maidens were offered in a
1897:(CCA), which combines a clock auction, during which bidders may provide their confirmations in response to the rising prices, with a subsequantial sealed bid auction, in which bidders submit sealed package bids. The auctioneer uses the final bids to compute the best value allocation and the Vickrey payments.
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will severely hurt the reputation of an auction house that knowingly permits any other bids except genuine bids. If the reserve is not reached this should be clearly declared. In South Africa, auctioneers can use their staff or any bidder to raise the price as long as it is disclosed before the auction sale.
1617:. A buyer pays to acquire a certain good or service, while a seller offers goods or services for money or barter exchange. There can be single or multiple buyers and single or multiple sellers in an auction. If just one seller and one buyer are participating, the process is not considered to be an auction.
1086:, after a military victory, Roman soldiers would often drive a spear into the ground around which the spoils of war were left, to be auctioned off. Slaves, often captured as the "spoils of war", were auctioned in the Forum under the sign of the spear, with the proceeds of sale going toward the war effort.
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Estimate - auction houses typically give an estimate (or guide price), often a range, for lots. This is a rather conservative indication of the price they expect the lot to reach at auction, decided by the auction house, perhaps after consulting outside experts. If an auction is going well, most lots
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Absentee bids β this is when a prospective buyer places a bid on an item without attending the sale. This is sometimes referred to instead as a commission bid because the auctioneer is effectively commissioned to enter bids on the potential buyer's behalf. The bid is submitted prior to the auction by
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A ring can also be used to increase the price of an auction lot, in which the owner of the object being auctioned may increase competition by taking part in the bidding themself, but drop out of the bidding just before the final bid. This form of a ring was used as a central plot device in an episode
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Private treaty sales β Occasionally, when looking at an auction catalog some of the items have been withdrawn. Usually, these goods have been sold by 'private treaty'. This means that the goods have already been sold off, usually to a trader or dealer on a private, behind-the-scenes basis before they
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were printed to announce available items. In some cases, these catalogs were elaborate works of art themselves, containing considerable detail about the items being auctioned. At the time, Christie's established a reputation as a leading auction house, taking advantage of London's status as the major
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This is the practice, especially by high-end art auctioneers, of raising false bids at crucial times in the bidding in order to create the appearance of greater demand or to extend bidding momentum for a work on offer. To call out these nonexistent bids auctioneers might fix their gaze at a point in
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that relies on the advantages of a digital platform's ability to overcome geographical constraints, provide real-time information and reduce transaction costs, bringing greater convenience to people and allowing more people to participate as bidders, as well as being able to view a greater selection
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The range of auctions' contexts is extremely wide and one can buy almost anything, from a house to an endowment policy and everything in between. Some of the recent developments have been the use of the
Internet both as a means of disseminating information about various auctions and as a vehicle for
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In contrast, if the seller does not announce the reserve price before the sale, it is a secret reserve price auction. However, potential bidders may be able to deduce an approximate reserve price, if one exists at all, from any estimate given in advance by the auction house. The reserve price may be
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bid minimal amounts on multiple auctions and expect them to be cancelled. If an auction is cancelled by the seller, they will claim for damages in the amount of the difference between the maximum bid at the time of the auction cancellation and the price of a replacement purchase of the offered item
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and
Puranam provided the first model for the problem of optimal bidding for a firm that in each period procures items to meet a random demand by participating in a finite sequence of auctions. In this model an item valuation derives from the sale of the acquired items via their demand distribution,
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events, with many items auctioned simultaneously and "closed" at a common finish time. The auction is "silent" in that there is no auctioneer selling individual items; the bidders write their bids on a bidding sheet often left on a table near the item. At charity auctions, bid sheets usually have a
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the right to accept or reject the highest bid. In these cases, a set 'reserve' price known to the auctioneer, but not necessarily to the bidders, may have been set, below which the item may not be sold. If the seller announces to the bidders the reserve price, it is a public reserve price auction.
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is a variation of the Dutch auction with a low initial price that increases over time. As the price rises, participants must either signal intent to continue bidding or drop out of the auction, and no participant may enter or re-enter the auction once it has begun. Once only one participant remains
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There will usually be an estimate of what price the lot will fetch. In an ascending open auction, it is considered important to get at least a 50-percent increase in the bids from start to finish. To accomplish this, the auctioneer must start the auction by announcing a suggested opening bid (SOB)
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is permitted if clearly declared as such by the auctioneer. These are all official legal terms in
Australia but may have other meanings elsewhere. A co-owner is one of two or several owners (who disagree among themselves). In Sweden and many other countries, there are no legal restrictions, but it
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Insurance policies β Auctions are held for second-hand endowment policies. The attraction is that someone else has already paid substantially to set up the policy in the first place, and one will be able (with the help of a financial calculator) to calculate its real worth and decide whether it is
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On-site auctions β Sometimes when the stock or assets of a company are simply too vast or too bulky for an auction house to transport to their own premises and store, they will hold an auction within the confines of the bankrupt company itself. Bidders could find themselves bidding for items which
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use combinatorial auction techniques to continuously sell commodities (coal, iron ore, grain, water, etc.) online to a pre-qualified group of buyers (based on price and non-price factors). Furthermore, online auctions facilitate the process for prospective bidders to discover and evaluate items by
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is a type of premium auction which begins as an
English auction. Once only two bidders remain, each submits a sealed bid. The higher bidder wins, paying either the first or second price. Both finalists receive a premium: a proportion of the excess of the second price over the third price (at which
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being the most typical example. For example, if someone owns a rare item, they can display the item through an online auction platform. Interested parties may place bids, with the highest bidder winning the opportunity to purchase the item. Online auctions allow more people to participate and also
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Consignee and consignor β as pertaining to auctions, the consignor (also called the seller, and in some contexts the vendor) is the person owning the item to be auctioned or the owner's representative, while the consignee is the auction house. The consignor maintains title until such time that an
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Another approach to choosing a SOB: The auctioneer may achieve good success by asking the expected final sales price for the item, as this method suggests to the potential buyers the item's particular value. For instance, an auctioneer is about to sell a $ 1,000 car at a sale. Instead of asking $
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is an auction with an additional set price (the 'buyout' price) that any bidder can accept at any time during the auction, thereby immediately ending the auction and winning the item. This means that if an item offers its buyout price at the beginning, one participant can stop all other potential
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is a single-attribute multiunit auction running like a Dutch auction, where the bids are the portions of a total amount of identical units. The amount of auctioned items is firm in a Yankee auction unlike a
Brazilian auction. The portions of the total amount, bidders can bid, are limited to lower
1977:
is a variation on the all-pay auction, and has a defined loser in addition to the winner. The top two bidders must pay their full final bid amounts, and only the highest wins the auction. The intent is to make the high bidders bid above their upper limits. In the final rounds of bidding, when the
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is a double auction in which the auctioneer takes bids from both buyers and sellers in a market of multiple goods. The auctioneer progressively either raises or drops the current proposed price depending on the bids of both buyers and sellers, the auction concluding when supply and demand exactly
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is an ascending-price auction because forward Dutch auctions are descending. By revealing the competing bids in real-time to every participating supplier, reverse auctions promote "information transparency". This, coupled with the dynamic bidding process, improves the chances of reaching the fair
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give buyers a chance to find the lowest-price supplier. During a reverse auction, suppliers may submit multiple offers, usually as a response to competing suppliers' offers, bidding down the price of a good or service to the lowest price they are willing to receive. A reverse price auction is not
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The forward auction is the most common type of auction β a seller offers item(s) for sale and expects the highest price. A reverse auction is a type of auction in which the roles of the buyer and the seller are reversed, with the primary objective to drive purchase prices downward. While ordinary
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is simply an auction held on behalf of a government body generally at a general sale. Items for sale are often surplus needed to be liquidated. Auctions ordered by estate executors enter the assets of individuals who have perhaps died intestate (those who have died without leaving a will), or in
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began to be used for the sale of goods and leaseholds. In a candle auction, the end of the auction was signaled by the expiration of a candle flame, which was intended to ensure that no one could know exactly when the auction would end and make a last-second bid. Sometimes, other unpredictable
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is an auction in which all bidders must pay their bids regardless of whether they win. The highest bidder wins the item. All-pay auctions are primarily of academic interest, and may be used to model lobbying or bribery (bids are political contributions) or competitions such as a running race.
1826:, also known as a sealed-bid second-price auction. This is identical to the sealed first-price auction except that the winning bidder pays the second-highest bid rather than their own. Vickrey auctions are extremely important in auction theory, and commonly used in automated contexts such as
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In the UK, historically, auction houses were perceived to sell properties which may have been repossessed - where a home owner fails to make regular mortgage payments - or were probate sales i.e. a family home being sold by the heirs. However, more recently, selling at auction has become an
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During an auction, the seller might possess more comprehensive knowledge regarding the item on offer compared to the buyer, creating an information asymmetry. This lack of information could lead the bidder to overvalue the item and consequently pay a higher price, resulting in the
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In China, land auctions are under the sole control of local government officials. Because some developers may use bribes to please government officials to obtain the right to purchase the land, the central government requires that future land auctions be conducted using a
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and their vendor clients being accused of "under-quoting". Significant attention was given to the matter by the
Australian media, with the government in Victoria eventually bowing to pressure and implementing changes to legislation in an effort to increase transparency.
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Auctioneers may or may not (depending on the laws of the jurisdiction and the policies of the auction house) bid for their own account, or if they do, must disclose this to bidders at the auction; similar rules may apply for employees of the auctioneer or the auction
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can be desirable because it potentially attracts a greater number of bidders due to the possibility of a bargain. If more bidders attend the auction, a higher price might ultimately be achieved because of heightened competition from bidders. This contrasts with a
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participants from bidding at all, or stop the bidding process before the bid price has reached the buyout price. If no bidder chooses to utilize the buyout option before the end of bidding, the highest bidder wins and pays their bid. Buyout options can be either
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is any auction for the simultaneous sale of more than one item where bidders can place bids on an "all-or-nothing" basis on "packages" rather than just individual items. That is, a bidder can specify that they will pay for items A and B, but only if they get
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provide a potential market of millions of bidders to sellers. Established auction houses, as well as specialist internet auctions, sell many things online, from antiques and collectibles to holidays, air travel, brand new computers, and household equipment.
2975:β the company operating the auction (i.e., establishing the date and time of the auction, the auction rules, determining which items are to be included in the auction, registering bidders, taking payments, and delivering the goods to the winning bidders).
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sold surplus ships "by an inch of candle". Pepys also relates a hint from a highly successful bidder who had observed that, just before expiring, a candle-wick always flares up slightly: on seeing this, he would shout his final β and winning β bid.
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is the practice of placing a bid at the last moment of the auction. According to the analysis of auction data from eBay, in general, experienced bidders are more likely to snipe in auctions, and those who snipe in auctions are more likely to win.
2771:. In either case, the allocation of resources may be inefficient, as the product will not ultimately be acquired by the individual who values it the most. Instead, it will go to the person who either overvalues it the most or effectively employs
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Protecting a market β when a dealer places a bid on behalf of an artist they represent or otherwise have a financial interest in ensuring a high price. Artists represented by major galleries typically expect this kind of protection from their
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fixed starting amount, predetermined bid increments, and a "guaranteed bid" amount which works the same as a "buy now" amount. Other variations of this type of auction may include sealed bids. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted.
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in the auction, when the market is in equilibrium, even if the seller has not sold any of the items, the shadow of bidding still exists. This is the self-protection instinct of the auction market. In order to make this transaction fairer.
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If the proxy is outbid on an item during the auction, the proxy (depending on the instructions of the bidder) may either increase the bid (up to a set amount established by the bidder) or be required to drop out of the bidding for that
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2542:, large-scale generators and distributors of electricity bid on generating contracts. Produce auctions link growers to localized wholesale buyers (buyers who are interested in acquiring large quantities of locally grown produce).
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current losing party has hit their maximum bid, they are encouraged to bid over their maximum (seen as a small loss) to avoid losing their maximum bid with no return (a very large loss). Another variation of all-pay auction, the
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Opening bid β the first bid placed on a particular lot. The opening bid must be at least the minimum bid, but may be higher (e.g., a bidder may shout out a considerably larger bid than minimum, to discourage other bidders from
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The open ascending price auction is arguably the most common form of auction and has been used throughout history. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid being higher than the previous bid. An
2826:, this auction practice is illegal. It jeopardizes competition on the auction and can demotivate other bidders from participating. It robs the seller of the true value of their good and reduces the auctioneer's commission.
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paid by the buyer to the auction house; it is typically calculated as a percentage of the winning bid and added to it. Depending on the jurisdiction, the buyer's premium, in addition to the sales price, may be subject to
1812:. However, empirical evidence from laboratory experiments has shown that Dutch auctions with high clock speeds yield lower prices than FPSB auctions. What are effectively sealed first-price auctions are commonly called
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Mystery auction β An auction where bidders bid for boxes or envelopes containing unspecified or underspecified items, usually on the hope that the items will be humorous, interesting, or valuable. In the early days of
1776:, Dutch auctions have also been used for perishable commodities such as fish and tobacco. The Dutch auction is not widely used, except in market orders in stock or currency exchanges, which are functionally identical.
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Relisting β re-selling an item that has already been sold at auction, but where the buyer did not take possession of the item (for example, in a real estate auction, the buyer did not provide payment by the closing
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is placing a bid which is below the bidder's actual value for the item. Such a strategy risks losing the auction but has the possibility of winning at a low price. Bid shading can also be a strategy to avoid the
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will achieve a price near the top of the estimate, or some 20 or 30% over it. But some lots may fetch double or more the estimate, for various reasons; others much less than the lower end of the estimate.
3679:
A Handy Book Of
Curious Information Comprising Strange Happenings in the Life of Men and Animals, Odd Statistics, Extraordinary Phenomena and Out of the Way Facts Concerning the Wonderlands of the Earth
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Example: An auction has five bath fragrance gift baskets where bidding is "lot", and the hammer price is $ 5. The winner must pay $ 5 (as the price is for the whole lot) and must take all five baskets.
1422:
reported that the gross revenue of the auction industry for that year was approximately $ 268.4 billion, with the fastest growing sectors being agricultural, machinery, equipment, and residential
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sold household furniture to pay off debts, the sales lasting for months. One of the most significant historical auctions was in 193 AD, when the entire Roman Empire was put on the auction block by the
7861:
Hammami, Farouk; Rekik, Monia; Coelho, Leandro C. (2019). "Exact and heuristic solution approaches for the bid construction problem in transportation procurement auctions with a heterogeneous fleet".
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Hammami, Farouk; Rekik, Monia; Coelho, Leandro C. (2019). "Exact and heuristic solution approaches for the bid construction problem in transportation procurement auctions with a heterogeneous fleet".
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Auctioneers are frequently regulated by governmental entities, and in those jurisdictions must meet certain criteria to be licensed (be of a certain age, have no disqualifying criminal record, attend
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100, hoping to entice wide interest, the auctioneer may suggest an opening bid of $ 1,000; although the first bidder may begin bidding at a mere $ 100, the final bid may more likely approach $ 1,000.
1772:. ("Dutch auction" is also sometimes used to describe online auctions where several identical goods are sold simultaneously to an equal number of high bidders). In addition to cut flower sales in the
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4255:
940:, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder or buying the item from the lowest bidder. Some exceptions to this definition exist and are described in the section about different
2158:
is a variant of the
English auction in which bids are written on a sheet of paper. At the predetermined end of the auction, the highest listed bidder wins the item. This auction is often used in
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No reserve auction (a/k/a "absolute auction") β an auction in which there is no minimum acceptable price; so long as the winning bid is at least the minimum bid, the seller must honor the sale.
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Thumb
Auction - Olden Auction type where bid were hidden and the bidders used to tell auctioneer their bibs by placing their fingers unger a cloth and touch the fingers with an dedicated amount.
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Dummy bid (a/k/a "ghost bid") β a false bid, made by someone in collusion with the seller or auctioneer, designed to create a sense of increased interest in the item (and, thus, increased bids).
1982:
is primarily used for charity events. Losing bidders must pay the difference between their bid and the next lowest bid. The winning bidder pays the amount bid for the item, without top-up. In a
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Whenever bidders at an auction are aware of the identity of the other bidders there is a risk that they will form a "ring" or "pool" and thus manipulate the auction result, a practice known as
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The purpose of this deposit is to deter non-serious bidders from attending the auction; by requiring the deposit, only bidders with a genuine interest in the items being sold will participate.
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balance. As a high price tends to dampen demand while a low price tends to increase demand, in theory there is a particular price somewhere in the middle where supply and demand will match. A
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Pla, Albert; LΓ³pez, Beatriz; Murillo, Javier; Maudet, Nicolas (August 2014). "Multi-attribute auctions with different types of attributes: Enacting properties in multi-attribute auctions".
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bidding information by embedding it into digits of the bids. Actions within the auction mechanism serve as a communication channel for collusive behavior, once no other channels are legal.
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Holidays β A variety of holidays are available for sale online particularly via eBay. Vacation rentals appear to be the most common. Many holiday auction websites have launched but failed.
1187:, were used instead of the expiration of a candle. This type of auction was first mentioned in 1641 in the records of the House of Lords. The practice rapidly became popular, and in 1660
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Earnest money deposit (a/k/a "caution money deposit" or "registration deposit") β a payment that must be made by prospective bidders ahead of time in order to participate in an auction.
3053:β a fee paid by a consignor/seller to the auction house; it is typically calculated as a percentage of the winning bid and deducted from the gross proceeds due to the consignor/seller.
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is an auction where all bidding should be completed within a certain time interval, which allows bidders an appropriate amount of time for consideration and avoids precipitate actions.
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1433:(typical revenue is estimated in billions of euros) and quota auctions. In 2019, Russia's crab quota was auctioned for β¬2 billion. Between 1999 and 2002, the British government
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auctions, sheep, cattle, pigs and other livestock are sold. Sometimes very large numbers of stock are auctioned, such as the regular sales of 50,000 or more sheep during a day in
2412:, to investors. The auction is usually sealed and the uniform price paid by the investors is typically the best non-winning bid. In most cases, investors can also place so-called
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Lot β either a single item being sold, or a group of items (which may or may not be similar or identical, such as a "job lot" of manufactured goods) that are bid on as one unit.
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is an auction where every participant has a demand and an offer consisting of multiple attributes and no money is involved. For the mathematical modelling of satisfaction level,
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From the end of the Roman Empire to the 18th century, auctions lost favor in Europe, while they had never been widespread in Asia. In China, the personal belongings of deceased
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offer slots for multiple bidders instead of making a single deal. The bidders get the slots according to the ranking of their bids. The second-price ruling is derived from the
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in order to prevent the spread of corruption. Although this method cannot completely solve the problem of corruption, it is still a significant contribution to the auction.
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2983:β the person conducting the actual auction. They announce the rules of the auction and the items being auctioned, call and acknowledge bids made, and announce the winner.
2841:(FCC) experimented with precautions restricting visibility of bids, limiting the number of bids, click-box bidding, and anonymous bidding in order to prevent bidders from
3227:
Soft close β When a bidder places a bid in the last set amount of minutes and the auction is automatically extended for a set period of time. Soft closes prevent sniping.
8484:
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3104:
Hammer price β the nominal price at which a lot is sold; the buyer, and often the seller, may have to pay additional fees, "premiums", and taxes on top of this amount.
6138:
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8013:
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business offers serious collectors an opportunity to gain access to rare bottles and mature vintages, which are not typically available through retail channels. In
8399:
3073:β electronic bidding, whereby a person may make a bid without being physically present at an auction (or where the entire auction is taking place on the Internet).
3186:(where the proxy represents either a private bidder who does not want to be disclosed to the public, or a museum bidding on a particular item for its collection).
8626:
3208:
The reserve price differs from a minimum bid (see definition), in that the seller sets the reserve price (if desired), while the auctioneer sets the minimum bid.
3154:
The minimum bid differs from a reserve price (see definition), in that the auctioneer sets the minimum bid, while the seller sets the reserve price (if desired).
3097:β an arrangement in which the winning bidder pays the amount of their bid to a third party, who in turn releases the funds to the seller under agreed-upon terms.
1703:
Auctions can be categorized into three types of procedures for auctions depending on the occurrence of a price development during an auction run and its causes.
506:
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2598:β Here one can buy anything from an accident-damaged car to a brand new top-of-the-range model; from a run-of-the-mill family saloon to a rare collector's item.
908:
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have had a chance to be offered at the auction sale. These goods are rarely in single lots β photocopiers or fax machines would generally be sold in bulk lots.
2026:
are sealed-bid auctions with multiple bids, where the bidders submit their prices like in
English auction and get responses about the leadership of their bid.
6018:
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1245:
in 1766 in London and published its first auction catalog that year, although newspaper advertisements of Christie's sales dating from 1759 have been found.
893:
7837:
4417:
Preist, Chris; Bartolini, Claudio; Byde, Andrew (2003). "Agent-based service composition through simultaneous negotiation in forward and reverse auctions".
4021:
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Auction fever β an emotional state elicited in the course of one or more auctions that causes a bidder to deviate from an initially chosen bidding strategy.
8776:
8586:
8500:
7523:
Adam, M.T.P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; MΓΌller, M. (2015). "Auction fever! How time pressure and social competition affect bidders arousal and bids in retail auctions".
3856:
2538:
auctions, companies purchase licenses to log on government land. In timber allocation auctions, companies purchase timber directly from the government. In
2326:
the price, whereas in an auction purchasers do not know what the vendor wants, and thus need to keep lifting the price until the reserve price is reached.
5362:
2034:
shows traffic lights to bidders as a response to their bids. These traffic lights depend on the position of the last bid in the distribution of all bids.
8741:
8721:
8671:
2436:'s tenant fails to pay rent, the contents of their locker(s) may be sold at a public auction. Several television shows focus on such auctions, including
2310:
to sell property that, due to their unique characteristics, were difficult to determine a price for. The law does not require a vendor to disclose their
2322:. This was largely due to the fact that in a private sale the vendor has disclosed the price that they want, and potential purchasers would attempt to
1471:
Auctions come in a variety of types and categories, which are sometimes not mutually exclusive. Typification of auctions is considered to be a part of
6711:
2690:
Environmental auctions, in which companies bid for licenses to avoid being required to decrease their environmental impact. These include auctions in
2014:
numbers than the total amount. Therefore, only a portion of the total amount will be traded for the best price and the rest to the suboptimal prices.
1340:
was invented to negotiate extensive conditions of construction and electricity contracts via auction. Also during this time, OnSale.com developed the
9052:
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8003:
7425:
Ma, Mingfan; Gao, Jun; Lu, Ning; Shi, Wenbo (2016). "A Privacy-Preserving Online Reverse Multi-attributes Auction Scheme Based on Degree-Matching".
2022:
In an English auction, all current bids are visible to all bidders and in a sealed-bid auction, bidders only get to know if their bid was the best.
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on 11 March 1744, when Samuel Baker presided over the disposal of "several hundred scarce and valuable" books from the library of an acquaintance.
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Ganguly, D.; Chakraborty, Samit (2008). "E Commerce - Forward and Reverse Auction - A Managerial Tool to Succeed over Business Competitiveness".
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Proxy bid (also called an absentee bid) β a bid placed by an authorized representative of a bidder who is not physically present at the auction.
2989:
The auctioneer may operate their own auction house (and thus perform the duties of both auctioneer and auction house), or work for another house.
2235:
is a Swedish and Finnish historical practice of selling children into slavery-like conditions by authorities using a descending English auction.
4096:
1927:, is an auction in which the item for sale will be sold regardless of price. From the seller's perspective, advertising an auction as having no
9006:
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Reserve (price) β a minimum acceptable price established by the seller prior to the auction, which may or may not be disclosed to the bidders.
2986:
The auctioneer can sometimes just be the owner of the business, in which case they may hire a bid caller/s to announce the rules and call bids.
6044:
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8681:
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7597:"Approximation algorithms for the bid construction problem in combinatorial auctions for the procurement of freight transportation contracts"
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are generally held at general auctions, although some forces use online sites including eBay, to dispose of lost and found and seized goods.
2074:
The final price for the selected winner is not always conducted according to their final bid. In the case of the second-price ruling as in a
6113:
2314:
prior to the auction. During the 1990s and 2000s, auctions became the primary method for the sale of real estate in the two largest cities,
1858:
sell more than one identical item at a time, rather than having separate auctions for each. This type can be further classified as either a
8676:
7486:
Adam, M.T.P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; JΓ€hnig, C.; Seifert, S.; Weinhardt, C. (2011). "Understanding auction fever: A framework for emotional bidding".
2884:
In Britain and many other countries, rings and other forms of bidding on one's own object are illegal. In Australia, a dummy bid or also a
3788:
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Specialist β on-staff trained professionals, often specialising in specific objects (for example, porcelain) who put together the auction.
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4378:
2008 Ninth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing
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If the winning bid is below the reserve price, the seller has the right to reject the bid and withdraw the item or items being auctioned.
1994:
In usual auctions like the English one, bids are prices. In Dutch and Japanese auctions, the bids are confirmations. In a version of the
7809:
3015:
combinatorial problem addressed and solved by the bidder to determine the bid packages to bid on and their corresponding bidding prices.
1998:, bids are numbers of units being traded. Structure elements of a bid are called attributes. If a bid is one number like price, it is a
1737:. A type of auction, used in England for selling ships, in which the highest bid laid on the table wins after a burning candle goes out.
9047:
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for the introduction of new auction types (or formats). Auction types share features, which can be summarized into the following list.
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1943:
is an auction where the item for sale may not be sold if the final bid is not high enough to satisfy the seller; that is, the seller
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8018:
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Schoenherr, Tobias; Mabert, Vincent A. (SeptemberβOctober 2007), "Online reverse auctions: Common myths versus evolving reality",
2866:
this practice is legal on property auctions up to but not including the reserve price, and is also known as off-the-wall bidding.
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The winning bidder has their earnest money applied toward the final selling price; the non-winners have theirs refunded to them.
8666:
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5064:
2643:'s popularity, sellers began promoting boxes or packages of random and usually low-value items not worth selling by themselves.
805:
7642:
6841:
Katehakis, Michael; Puranam, Kartikeya S. (October 2012), "On bidding for a fixed number of items in a sequence of auctions",
6766:
3037:
Buyout price β a price that, if accepted by a bidder, immediately ends the auction and awards the item to them (an example is
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7706:
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5142:
Elyakime, B.; Laffont, J.J.; Loisel, P.; Vuong, Q. (1994). "First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions with Secret Reservation Prices".
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If the lot is for a group of items, the price paid is for the entire lot and the winning bidder must take all the items sold.
261:
7337:
7293:
5424:
EichstΓ€dt, Tilman (2008). "Applying Auction Theory to Procurement Auctions β an Empirical Study Among German Corporations".
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7012:
Zeithammer, Robert (2007). "Research NoteβStrategic Bid-Shading and Sequential Auctioning with Learning from Past Prices".
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shows many low bids but few high bids. Bids "show up together"; without several low bids there will not be any high bids.
7354:
6737:
3151:
If no one bids at the initial minimum bid, the auctioneer may lower the minimum bid so as to create interest in the item.
2960:β a raised platform on which the auctioneer shows the items to be auctioned; it can also be slang for the auction itself.
7067:
3721:
8203:
6506:
4256:
Gold: Does Gordon Brown's regret selling half of Britains' gold reserves 10 years ago?, The Daily Telegraph, 8 May 2009
4179:
3224:β the act of placing a bid just before the end of a timed auction, thus giving other bidders no time to enter new bids.
6540:
5698:
Peter, Cramton (2006), "Simultaneous Ascending Auctions", in Cramton, Peter; Shoham, Yoav; Steinberg, Richard (eds.),
2966:β a rhythmic repetition of numbers and "filler words" spoken by an auctioneer in the process of conducting an auction.
1336:
from a wide range of buyers in a much larger variety of commodities than was previously practical. In the 1990s, the
1332:
The development of the internet has led to a significant rise in the use of auctions, as auctioneers can solicit bids
46:
6524:
5682:
4788:
Adam, M. T. P.; KrΓ€mer, J.; Weinhardt, C. (2012). "Excitement up! Price down! Measuring emotions in Dutch auctions".
4444:
4267:
3236:
Vendor bid β a bid by the person selling the item. The bid is sometimes a dummy bid (see definition) but not always.
2838:
1783:
in the auction, the auction ends and that participant wins the item at the current price. It has similarities to the
1404:
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251:
6062:
5189:
4144:
Jehiel, Philippe; Moldovanu, Benny; Ottaviani, Marco; Propper, Carol (2003). "An Economic Perspective on Auctions".
3612:
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8223:
7225:"Changes in the law make auction rings easier to prosecute, but is the regulatory framework still fit for purpose?"
2126:
starts as an English or Japanese auction and then continues as a Dutch auction with a reduced number of bidders. A
2106:
1986:, bidders make sealed bids in advance and their probability of winning grows with the relative size of their bids.
1904:
1419:
176:
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3044:
Choice β a form of bidding whereby a number of identical or similar items are bid at a single price for each item.
2577:
On the other hand, an alternative perspective suggests that the format of online auctions could also give rise to
2274:(IPL) started annual public auctioning of cricket players in 2008 as an entertainment for mass consumption. Also,
8168:
8068:
5944:
4905:
Milgromy, Paul; Segal, Ilya (September 11, 2014). "Deferred-Acceptance Auctions and RadioSpectrum Reallocation".
4268:"From the Priciest Painting to the Richest Wine Bottle, Here Are the Most Expensive Objects Ever Sold at Auction"
4032:
2102:
1900:
171:
6815:
Katehakis, Michael; Puranam, Kartikeya S. (July 2012), "On optimal bidding in sequential procurement auctions",
5623:
1665:
auctions provide suppliers the opportunity to find the best price among interested buyers, reverse auctions and
8108:
5370:
4351:
4205:
Kalinin, Nikita; Vershinin, Mark (2020-10-25). "Strategic analysis of the Russian crab quota auction in 2019".
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Beckmann, Michael (May 2004). "Art Auctions and Bidding Rings: Empirical Evidence from German Auction Data".
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Costa-Gomes, Miguel A.; Shimoji, Makoto (May 2014). "Theoretical approaches to lowest unique bid auctions".
5217:
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Weber, Robert J. (1997). "Making more from less: Strategic demand reduction in the FCC spectrum auctions".
7429:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10039. Springer International Publishing. pp. 432β442.
5403:. Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fΓΌr Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany: 1β9.
4057:
Vragov, Roumen (2004). "Why is eBay the King of Internet Auctions? An Institutional Analysis Perspective".
2727:
1863:
1321:
1301:
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4608:
Tagiew, Rustam (22 May 2009). "Towards Barter Double Auction as Model for Bilateral Social Cooperations".
2799:
is practice in reverse auctions, whereby a bidder submits a bid, which ends up in a loss for this bidder.
2522:; for example, fish wholesale auctions. In wool auctions, wool is traded in the international market. The
8464:
5974:
5908:
Lundberg, Sofia (2000). "Child Auctions in Nineteenth Century Sweden: An Analysis of Price Differences".
5501:
Gallien, JΓ©rΓ©mie; Gupta, Shobhit (May 2007), "Temporary and Permanent Buyout Prices in Online Auctions",
3067:, by which the closing time is extended for a small period to allow other bidders to increase their bids.
2778:
1887:
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301:
136:
7799:
6392:"An Efficient Electronic English Auction System with a Secure On-Shelf Mechanism and Privacy Preserving"
3697:
3193:
A proxy may also be limited by the bidder in the total amount to spend on items in a multi-item auction.
1312:
of the division. Thus, some of today's auctioneers in the U.S. carry the unofficial title of "colonel".
8928:
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4121:
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1075:
837:
744:
6462:
Houser, Daniel; Wooders, John (2006-06-27). "Reputation in Auctions: Theory, and Evidence from eBay".
2601:
Antiques and collectibles auctions give an opportunity for viewing a huge array of items. The sale of
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2704:
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1820:
by companies and organisations, particularly for government contracts and auctions for mining leases.
1466:
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6329:
Gray, T. W. (2005). "Local-based, alternative-marketing strategy could help save more small farms".
5809:
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2130:
is a preliminary sealed-bid auction before the actual auction, whose reserve price it determines. A
1249:
8233:
7401:"Billionaire loses legal battle against High Street Auctions over phantom bidders β eProperty News"
6194:
5645:
5330:
4317:
3255:
3233:
The "three Ds" (death, divorce, or debt) β sometimes a reason for an item to be sold at an auction.
2914:
2429:
2228:
2086:, where a predefined increment is added to the second highest bid in response to a yet higher bid.
1666:
1609:
Auctions can differ in the number and type of participants. There are two types of participants: a
832:
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is a subtype of sequential auction, where the ordering in the sequence is determined by random. A
1911:
and means the final deal sealing for the number one bidder is based on the second bidder's price.
1740:
1320:
in the late 19th century had a style that mixed traditions of 17th century England with chants of
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5297:
Huang, He; Liu, Liming; Parker, Geoffrey; Tan, Yinliang (Ricky); Xu, Hongyan (26 December 2018).
5117:
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3159:"New money" β a new bidder, joining bidding for an item after others have bid against each other.
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2003:
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3132:
Variants on a group lot bid include "choice" and "times the money" (see definitions for each).
2842:
2795:
is also known as "auction fever" and describes the irrational behavior of bidders at auctions.
1317:
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Maiden bid β a single bid which wins the lot being offered for sale, with no other bids made.
2574:
enabling searches across numerous auctions and employing filters to refine their selections.
2271:
2239:
is a similar Swedish practice involving poor people being auctioned to church organizations.
2098:
2030:
is an extension of best/not best auction, where the bidders also see the rank of their bids.
1874:
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Vickrey, William S. (1961). "Counterspeculation, auctions, and competitive sealed tenders".
4022:"Elektronische Auktionen und Ausschreibungen bei Linde Gas β Die Spieltheorie im E-Sourcing"
2605:
includes items such as stamps, coins, vintage toys & trains, classic cars, and fine art.
2329:
The method has been the subject of increased controversy during the twenty-first century as
2270:
players are routinely put up for auction, whereby cricket teams can bid for their services.
1403:
28.6 million, by far exceeding its estimates and at the time setting the new record as
8429:
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7902:
Auction theory: introductory exercises with answer keys / Pak-Sing Choi, Felix Munoz-Garcia
7870:
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This gives an overview of the history of auctions, focusing especially on English practice.
7608:
7561:
7171:
6541:"Canadian Museum of Civilization and Canada Postal Museum β Auction of Fine Art and Stamps"
5598:
5428:. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol. 2. Springer. pp. 58β67.
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offer a special winner selection. The winner is the bidder with the lowest unique bid. The
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Klemperer, P. 1999. Auction theory: A guide to the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys
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Bid Construction Problem (BCP) β also known as the Bid Generation Problem (BGP), BCP is a
2952:β an estimate of an item's worth, usually performed by an expert in that particular field.
8:
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This type of deposit is most often used in auctions involving high-value goods (such as
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6114:"Reducing Cricketers into Cattle: The IPL Destroys the Spirit of Sports β The New Leam"
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4352:"Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory"
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alternative to a normal property sale, due to the speedy nature of the entire process.
2294:
An estate agent conducting an auction of real estate in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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is opposite, where the valuation of the auctioned good is identical among the bidders.
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4003:"Enterprise Sourcing Cockpit 4.5: HΓΆhere Benutzerfreundlichkeit und neue Auktionsform"
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FattigvΓ₯rden i Kristdala socken 1881-1890: en studie av en smΓ₯lΓ€ndsk landsbygdssocken
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of all kinds, particularly farm (equipment) and house clearances and online auctions.
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5393:"Designing Reverse Auctions for B-2-B Procurement Evidence from the German Industry"
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3816:"Unearthing the Weeping Time: Savannah's Ten Broeck Race Course and 1859 Slave Sale"
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to determine the price to be paid by a swain, while unattractive maidens required a
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The Real Estate Investor's Handbook: The Complete Guide for the Individual Investor
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1430:
1415:, auctions can make an extremely rare item more likely to sell for a higher price.
1388:
1144:
1098:
1012:
992:
929:
499:
486:
401:
296:
216:
186:
181:
111:
8983:
7039:
Gonul, Fusun; Leszczyc, Peter (2011). "Snipe bidding behaviour in eBay auctions".
6712:"CryptoKitties explained: Why players have bred over a million blockchain felines"
5558:
4873:
3047:
Clearance rate β the percentage of items that sell over the course of the auction.
3008:β the act of participating in an auction by offering to purchase an item for sale.
8978:
8888:
8863:
8853:
8848:
8444:
8359:
8331:
8103:
7538:
7434:
6788:
5969:
4721:
4510:
4226:
3774:
3475:
3297:
3277:
3221:
3064:
2830:
2796:
2783:
2668:
2664:
2531:
2444:
2432:
for communications (e.g., mobile phone networks). In certain jurisdictions, if a
2212:
2198:
2075:
2068:
1983:
1965:
1908:
1823:
1720:
1651:
1641:
1503:
1498:
1449:
In 2018, the yearly revenues of the two biggest auction houses were $ 5 billion (
1288:
1178:, appeared in 1595. In some parts of England during the 17th and 18th centuries,
1110:
1106:
1094:
1068:
1064:
945:
827:
734:
718:
658:
361:
326:
321:
316:
256:
211:
161:
156:
69:
64:
5433:
4746:"Time is money: The effect of clock speed on seller's revenue in Dutch auctions"
4670:
3501:
Morcillo, Marta Garcia (2008). "Staging Power and Authority at Roman Auctions".
2428:
conducted by the government, companies purchase licenses to use portions of the
2142:
is an opposite of a sequential auction, where the auctions are run in parallel.
1163:
8963:
8948:
8883:
8833:
8454:
8369:
8143:
7988:
7819:
7798:
7596:
6854:
5409:
5273:
5093:
5021:
4801:
3317:
3292:
3282:
2993:
2863:
2735:
2556:
2551:
2409:
2397:
2279:
2127:
2010:
1848:
1656:
1508:
1472:
1377:
1361:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1201:
1179:
949:
800:
466:
431:
371:
271:
166:
146:
116:
79:
7882:
7620:
7573:
7501:
7156:
7052:
6828:
5833:
4766:
3117:
2247:, a wife was divorced by selling her in a public auction for the highest bid.
2211:
As already mentioned in the history section, auctions have been used to trade
9095:
8893:
8823:
8389:
8243:
8153:
7804:
7278:
7195:
6998:
6949:
6483:
6448:
6376:
6368:
5756:
5532:
5466:
4985:
4881:
4694:
4234:
3891:
3841:
3747:
3727:
3420:
3272:
3267:
3148:
A minimum bid can be as little as $ 0.01 (one cent) depending on the auction.
2972:
2963:
2929:
2889:
2819:, 'For Love or Money', uncovered by Helena Caradus on her return from Paris.
2731:
2647:
2488:
2421:
2236:
2232:
2134:
is an auction where the bidders can participate in a sequence of auctions. A
1809:
1769:
1761:
1671:
1450:
1440:
The most expensive item to ever be sold in an auction is Leonardo da Vinci's
1238:
1214:
1152:
1136:
1125:
1046:
914:
852:
842:
653:
366:
151:
6440:
6235:
4336:
4157:
3514:
2650:, which are tokens representing virtual cats, have been sold over automated
1886:
bids of Bidders B & D is higher ($ 60) than for Bidders A and C ($ 55).
1279:
By the end of the 18th century, auctions of art works were commonly held in
1029:
948:
dealing with auction types and participants' behavior in auctions is called
8903:
8858:
8434:
8394:
7694:
7485:
7025:
6544:
6408:
6391:
6261:
5514:
5299:"Multi-Attribute Procurement Auctions in the Presence of Satisfaction Risk"
4472:
4092:
4070:
3332:
2833:
of bidders to keep bids low is at least theoretically possible. In case of
2788:
2742:
28 million. It set a world auction record for any ceramic work of art.
2680:
2622:
2595:
2523:
2438:
2433:
2334:
2240:
2216:
1476:
1454:
1396:
1284:
1269:
1230:
1188:
1114:
1083:
996:
980:
847:
698:
555:
421:
416:
391:
351:
306:
206:
7086:
4436:
2078:, the final price for the winner is based on the second bidder's price. A
1678:
A double auction is a combination of both forward and reverse auctions. A
1304:
in U.S. history β with 436 men, women and children being sold. During the
960:
may announce prices, while bidders submit bids vocally or electronically.
8838:
8474:
8419:
8364:
8311:
8271:
8128:
7978:
4385:
3307:
3302:
3083:
2894:
2812:
2772:
2763:
2759:
2676:
2602:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2303:
1817:
1773:
1728:
1484:
1423:
1206:
1000:
976:
972:
862:
857:
810:
688:
668:
604:
570:
545:
536:
356:
311:
291:
7251:
7094:
6989:
6972:
6940:
6243:
5748:
5163:
4554:"Electronic reverse auctions and the public sector β factors of success"
3522:
2243:
was also a common practice throughout history. For instance, in the old
1300:
took place in 1859 and is recorded as the second largest single sale of
1093:
the assets of debtors whose property had been confiscated. For example,
8898:
8878:
8409:
8276:
8266:
8218:
8023:
7813:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 895.
7794:
7779:
7143:
Marshall, Robert C.; Marx, Leslie M. (March 2007). "Bidder collusion".
6957:
6915:
6892:
6869:"The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism"
6425:"Reducing Buyer Search Costs: Implications for Electronic Marketplaces"
5523:
5315:
5298:
4977:
4165:
3428:
2901:
controversy focused on vendor bidding and led to its downfall in 2012.
2651:
2560:
2385:
1847:
in September 1962. Auctioneer shows a table lamp with a final price of
5929:
5282:
3557:"History of Auctions: From ancient Rome to today's high-tech auctions"
2885:
2503:
2384:
auctions occur, as when one's farm or house is sold at auction on the
8908:
8261:
6019:"'I was sold seven times': Yazidi women welcomed back into the faith"
5810:"Economic Classroom Experiments/Private Value Auctions β Wikiversity"
5155:
4787:
3960:
3763:
James Christie conducted the first sale in London on 5 December 1766.
3031:
2808:
2723:
2578:
2527:
2519:
2315:
2299:
2263:
2079:
1385:
1353:
1253:
1233:, currently the world's second-largest auction house, was founded in
1090:
1060:
988:
984:
795:
708:
703:
693:
582:
7659:(D: Microeconomics, D4: Market Structure and Pricing, D44: Auctions)
6931:
6884:
5574:"Dynamic spectrum allocation based on one-band multi-winner auction"
4629:
Hultmark, Christina; Ramberg, Christina; Kuner, Christopher (2002).
3975:
Hultmark, Christina; Ramberg, Christina; Kuner, Christopher (2002).
3832:
3815:
3057:
item is purchased by a bidder and the bidder pays the auction house.
2888:
is a criminal offence, but a vendor bid or a co-owner bid below the
8913:
8873:
8868:
8414:
8238:
7863:
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
7554:
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
7187:
6063:"IPL Auction 2020, IPL Auction Players List, Auction Date, Results"
5921:
3407:
McAfee, R. Preston; McMillan, John (1987). "Auctions and Bidding".
3183:
3070:
2938:
2508:
2389:
2323:
2262:
is the voluntary practice of individuals seeking to sell their own
1429:
The auctions with the largest revenue for the government are often
1184:
1102:
1008:
968:
634:
599:
476:
6390:
Zhong, Hong; Li, Song; Cheng, Ting-Fang; Chang, Chin-Chen (2016).
4614:
3923:
Cameron, Lisa J.; Cramton, Peter; Wilson, Robert (December 1997).
3345:
2203:
1516:
8301:
7983:
3906:"The Application of Multi-objective Optimization to Bid Decision"
3012:
3005:
2934:
2877:
2791:
is an aggressive tactic of increasing every bid by high amounts.
2625:
horses, where yearling horses and other bloodstock are auctioned.
2619:
Sale of industrial machinery, both surplus or through insolvency.
2267:
1381:
1313:
1261:
937:
281:
19:"Auctioneer" redirects here. For the DC Comics supervillain, see
7522:
6593:"Inglis β Australia's Leading Bloodstock Auctioneers β About Us"
5457:
Berz, Gregor (2015). "The Commitment of Negotiation Processes".
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3239:
White glove sale β an auction in which every single lot is sold.
2480:
2371:
delinquent property tax list for auction by the County Treasurer
2170:, every bidder has their own valuation of the auctioned good. A
2117:
Auctions can be cascaded, one after the other. For instance, an
1534:
1525:
8193:
8183:
7942:
7895:
Combinatorial auctions for transportation services procurement.
6592:
6089:"IPL 2020: Full list of players in auction pool on December 19"
4632:
Internet Marketplaces: The Law of Auctions and Exchanges Online
4143:
3978:
Internet Marketplaces: The Law of Auctions and Exchanges Online
3094:
2535:
2512:
2469:
2456:
2319:
2252:
1357:
1280:
1248:
Other early auction houses that are still in operation include
1234:
1222:
1210:
1113:
per guard, an act that initiated a brief civil war. Didius was
6139:"Afridi and Gayle fetch highest BPL prices | ESPNcricinfo.com"
4715:
Shor, Mikhael, "blind auction" Dictionary of Game Theory Terms
4293:"Leading auction houses worldwide in 2018 by fine art revenue"
3857:"Visiting Our Past: Brightleaf tobacco intoxication the 1880s"
3698:"Swedish Auction House to Sell 8 Million Euros of Russian Art"
3446:
3145:
Minimum bid β the smallest opening bid that will be accepted.
2730:. In 2005, a 14th-century Chinese porcelain piece was sold by
2464:
8228:
8133:
7252:"Auction design and tacit collusion in FCC spectrum auctions"
3182:
Proxy bids are common in auctions of high-end items, such as
2629:
2497:
1788:
1636:
1614:
1610:
1101:. On 28 March 193, the Praetorian Guard first killed emperor
1059:
Auctions have been recorded as early as 500 BC. According to
926:
7340:", artspace.com, 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
5994:"ISIS Terror: Yazidi Woman Recalls Horrors of Slave Auction"
4419:
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
3886:, vol. 352, no. 8129, pp. 67β68, 1999-07-24,
3726:, Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholms Auktionsverk, archived from
3453:
3451:
3449:
2420:
at the resulting price, whatever it may be. Some states use
2306:. Auctions were traditionally used as an alternative to the
2063:
The winner selection in most auctions selects the best bid.
1695:
is used, where the offer and demand are treated as vectors.
8009:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
7993:
7351:"What is bidding off the wall? | UK Property Auctions"
7041:
International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing
6218:
Cai, Hongbin; Henderson, J. Vernon; Qinghua, Zhang (2013).
3777:(London, England), Saturday, 25 September 1762; Issue 10460
3038:
2640:
2565:
2401:
2248:
2083:
1844:
1365:
1348:
was invented as a new type of auction to trade gas through
1079:
7294:"Legislators Seek to Stop 'Chandelier Bidding' at Auction"
6763:"Lloyd's 2020 Capacity Auction 1 Results, 24 October 2019"
5141:
4098:
Sotheby's Sets a New World Record for Sculpture at Auction
1711:
8014:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
7701:, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
7473:"Wine Valuation, Price Guides, Auction results Australia"
6634:
5883:"U.N. Chief 'Horrified' by Report of Libya Slave Auction"
4848:
Pekec, Aleksandar; Rothkopf, Michael H. (November 2003),
3027:
3022:
1128:
were sold at auction as early as the seventh century AD.
663:
560:
8400:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
7717:
The Theory of Money and Financial Institutions: Volume 1
6639:
Fund-raising events: strategies and programs for success
3584:
Vohra, Rakesh V.; Krishnamurthi, Lakshman (2012-03-05).
3218:β a submitted bid whose value is unknown to competitors.
1241:, now the world's largest auction house, was founded by
9048:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
6220:"China's land market auctions: evidence of corruption?"
4743:
2823:
2632:
in Sweden auctioning surplus at Tradera (Swedish eBay).
2215:
people from the very first. Auctions have been used in
1893:
Another special case of a combinatorial auction is the
1715:
An auctioneer and assistants scan the crowd for bidders
7719:, Cambridge, Mass., USA: MIT Press, pp. 213β219,
5778:"Best Silent Auction Closing Time For Your Fundraiser"
5671:"Venture capital investing and the "Calcutta Auction""
4962:"A Practical Guide to the Combinatorial Clock Auction"
4960:
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Baranov, Oleg (1 October 2017).
6508:
The Economics of Collusion: Cartels and Bidding Rings
5259:
4926:
Bichler, Martin; Goeree, Jacob K. (26 October 2017).
1579:
1549:
1308:, goods seized by armies were sold at auction by the
7644:
Journal of Economic Literature Classification System
5834:"What You Need to Know About the Libyan Slave Trade"
5733:"Silent auctions in the field and in the laboratory"
5668:
4628:
3974:
3922:
3536:
3534:
3532:
2679:
market, runs auctions of syndicate capacity for the
1407:
as well as work from antiquity ever sold at auction.
1213:
of London in the late 17th century. The first known
1205:
began reporting on the auctioning of artwork in the
6505:Marshall, Robert C.; Marx, Leslie M. (2012-04-27).
6217:
4666:
Selling Multiple Items in a Listing (Dutch Auction)
4416:
3714:
2460:
Wool buyers' room at a wool auction, Newcastle, NSW
2002:. If bids consists of multiple-attributes, it is a
7860:
7551:
7172:"Detection of Bid Rigging in Procurement Auctions"
7170:Porter, Robert H.; Zona, J. Douglas (1993-06-01).
6686:
6636:
5949:(Master thesis) (in Swedish). HΓΆgskolan pΓ₯ Gotland
5544:
5013:
4375:
3583:
3172:Paddle β a numbered instrument used to place a bid
2758:. Nevertheless, bidders may also choose to employ
1595:
1565:
1411:By increasing visibility of an item and therefore
9053:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
8189:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
8004:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
7842:
6662:
6389:
5860:"UK lawmakers debate Libya slave auction footage"
5296:
5054:
4816:
3681:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1913. 63-64.
3529:
2869:
2082:is a special case of second-price ruling used by
1174:The first mention of "auction", according to the
1105:, then offered the empire to the highest bidder.
16:Process of offering goods or services up for bids
9093:
9076:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
9066:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
9030:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
6840:
6814:
5675:New Venture Investment: Choices and Consequences
5050:
5048:
5046:
5044:
4843:
4841:
4496:
4473:"General Game Playing B-to-B Price Negotiations"
4470:
4204:
3555:Doyle, Robert A.; Baska, Steve (November 2002),
2996:, pass an examination, and pay a licensing fee).
2302:, auctioning is a common method for the sale of
1834:
1292:centre of the international art trade after the
9071:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
9043:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
7826:, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
7647:, American Economic Association, archived from
7332:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7314:
6834:
5055:Good, Steven L.; Lynn, Paul A. (January 2007),
4581:
4579:
3691:
3689:
3687:
2853:
9007:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
8164:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
7736:Journal of Economics & Management Strategy
7601:Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
6916:"A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding"
6464:Journal of Economics & Management Strategy
6396:Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
6350:
5731:Isaac, R. Mark; Schnier, Kurt (October 2005),
5115:
4959:
4119:
3641:The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage
3406:
3063:Dynamic closing β a mechanism used to prevent
2904:
2762:as a strategy to circumvent this predicament.
2404:auctions, in which governments issue and sell
2089:Auctions with more than one winner are called
1890:is a special case of a combinatorial auction.
1756:A 1957 Dutch auction in Germany to sell fruit.
1670:necessarily 'descending-price' β the reverse
1369:make traditional auction theory more complex.
1071:to determine the price to be paid to a swain.
7928:
7250:Bajari, Patrick; Yeo, Jungwon (1 June 2009).
7065:
7038:
6461:
6351:Bajari, Patrick; Hortaçsu, Ali (2004-05-01).
5970:"The Contrast, by the Author of "Yes and No""
5459:Game Theory Bargaining and Auction Strategies
5426:Negotiation, Auctions, and Market Engineering
5041:
4925:
4904:
4847:
4838:
4552:Moshe, Shalev; Stee, Asbjornsen (Fall 2010).
4180:"Auction Industry Sees Growth in Real Estate"
4091:
3910:Systems Engineering --- Theory & Practice
3587:Principles of Pricing: An Analytical Approach
2946:whatever means the auctioneer has stipulated.
2612:Second-hand goods β For the sale of consumer
2251:conducted slave auctions to sell up to 7,000
1384:, Ancient Greek marble sculpture. In 2007, a
887:
507:
7311:
7142:
6913:
6618:"Bag a holiday bargain in an online auction"
6504:
5730:
5673:. In Ginsberg, Ari; Hasan, Iftekhar (eds.).
5500:
5206:
4790:International Journal of Electronic Commerce
4576:
4471:Friedrich, Michael; Ignatov, Dmitry (2019).
3925:"Using auctions to divest generation assets"
3684:
2071:selects a winner partially based on random.
1533:
1524:
1515:
1437:, raising approximately $ 3.5 billion.
7066:Malmendier, Ulrike; Lee, Young Han (2011).
6914:Milgrom, Paul R.; Weber, Robert J. (1982).
6346:
6344:
5967:
5669:Seshadri, S; Shapira, Z; Tucci, CL (2003).
4466:
4464:
4318:"Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature"
3875:
3165:Outbid β to bid higher than another bidder.
2416:, which indicates interest to purchase the
2192:
1747:
1078:, other Hellenistic societies, and also in
8572:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
7935:
7921:
7424:
7169:
7011:
6635:Ralph Brody; Marcie Goodman (1988-01-01),
6615:
6353:"Economic Insights from Internet Auctions"
5968:Cave, Edward; Nichols, John (April 1832),
5237:
5235:
3617:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 13.
3590:. Cambridge University Press. p. 81.
3554:
2353:
1344:as its trademark. In the early 2000s, the
1229:), founded by Baron Claes RΓ₯lamb in 1674.
963:Auctions are applied for trade in diverse
894:
880:
514:
500:
8119:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
7818:
7594:
7249:
7243:
6988:
6939:
6689:The Ebay Price Guide: What Sells for What
6407:
6284:"Combined factors hit wool auctions hard"
6251:
5942:
5880:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5571:
5522:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5423:
5408:
5390:
5314:
5281:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4910:
4613:
4551:
4524:"The Benefits of a Reverse Dutch Auction"
4426:
4349:
4315:
4249:
3959:
3831:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
1706:
1596:{\displaystyle \operatorname {c} _{1..n}}
1566:{\displaystyle \operatorname {v} _{1..m}}
8019:Conservation science (cultural property)
7595:Song, Jiongjiong; Regan, Amelia (2005).
7107:
6843:European Journal of Operational Research
6808:
6787:
6341:
5907:
5901:
5363:"E-Auctions in Sourcing: Yankee Auction"
5096:: Leichman Assoc Pubns, pp. 78β79,
5087:
5081:
5024:: Atlantic Publishing Company, pp.
4461:
3916:
3664:R.W. Patten. "Tatworth Candle Auction."
3500:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3107:
2928:
2713:
2502:
2487:
2479:
2463:
2455:
2363:
2289:
2202:
1838:
1828:real-time bidding for online advertising
1751:
1710:
1376:
1372:
1191:' diary recorded two occasions when the
1157:
1135:
1045:
1027:, the past participle of the Latin verb
905:
7755:
6866:
6793:"Chinese Jar Sets Record for Asian Art"
6195:"Building Survey of Auction Properties"
6037:
5572:Zhang, Wen-zhu; Wang, Ling-yun (2012).
5232:
4490:
3981:. Oxford University Press. p. 40.
3854:
3637:
3610:
3550:
3548:
3473:
2588:
2285:
1830:, but rarely in non-automated contexts.
1327:
9094:
7845:Auctions: Social Construction of Value
6970:
6738:"Charity Auctions: The Ultimate Guide"
5715:
5483:
5214:"QuiBids.com Reviews β Legit or Scam?"
5011:
5000:
4607:
4056:
3903:
3786:
3780:
3695:
3658:
3462:
2675:worth taking on. Lloyd's, the world's
2219:throughout history until modern times
1360:. With the emergence of the internet,
1287:. These auctions were held daily, and
1151:examining paintings at Christie's, by
1109:won the auction at the price of 6,250
1041:
806:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
7916:
7898:
7732:
7291:
6422:
6086:
5697:
5643:
5621:
5187:
5116:Riley, J.G.; Samuelson, W.F. (1981).
3813:
3775:Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser
3671:
3369:
3243:
2451:
2017:
1989:
917:at a livestock auction, November 2010
7899:Choi, P.-S; F, MuΓ±oz-Garcia (2021).
7793:
7635:
6328:
5881:Gladstone, Rick (20 November 2017).
5456:
5303:Production and Operations Management
5190:"The Seduction of the Penny Auction"
5144:Annales d'Γconomie et de Statistique
4019:
3814:Kwesi, DeGraft-Hanson (2010-01-01).
3545:
2848:
2223:. The word for slave auction in the
1698:
7353:. Ukauctions.org.uk. Archived from
6192:
5943:Johansson, Mariette (Spring 2009).
5857:
4929:Handbook of Spectrum Auction Design
2698:
2058:
1959:
1162:A late 19th Century auction at the
1023:The word "auction" is derived from
13:
8204:Preservation (library and archive)
7847:, University of California Press,
7787:
7772:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1961.tb02789.x
7680:, San Diego, USA: Academic Press,
7376:"Auction Alliance to probe claims"
7338:A Beginner's Guide to Art Auctions
7292:Grant, Daniel (4 September 2007).
7122:10.1023/B:JCEC.0000019483.38761.63
6873:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
6568:"On-site versus off-site auctions"
6565:
6043:Gordon, Claire (9 February 2010).
5631:Econ 805 β Advanced Micro Theory I
5397:Negotiation and Market Engineering
5216:. Reviewopedia.com. Archived from
4744:Katok, E.; Kwasnica, A.M. (2008).
3638:Metcalf, William E. (2012-02-23).
3480:. University of California Press.
2545:
2484:Farm clearing sale, Woolbrook, NSW
1581:
1551:
14:
9113:
6867:Akerlof, George A. (1970-08-01).
6765:. Shares Magazine. Archived from
5547:Journal of Mathematical Economics
5061:Commercial Investment Real Estate
2875:of the British television series
2839:Federal Communications Commission
2709:
2658:
2654:auctions for more than $ 200,000.
2145:
1905:Generalized second-price auctions
1435:auctioned off their gold reserves
1131:
1089:The Romans also used auctions to
96:
9058:Conservation-restoration of the
8934:Indigenous intellectual property
7800:"Auctions and Auctioneers"
7749:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1997.00529.x
7693:
7675:
7588:
7545:
7516:
7479:
7465:
7451:
7418:
7393:
7368:
7343:
7285:
7271:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2009.04.001
7259:Information Economics and Policy
7217:
7163:
7136:
7101:
7059:
7032:
7005:
6977:Journal of Economic Perspectives
6971:Thaler, Richard H (1988-02-01).
6964:
6907:
6860:
6781:
6755:
6730:
6704:
6680:
6663:Harold W. Donahue (2005-04-01),
6656:
6628:
6609:
6585:
6559:
6533:
6498:
6476:10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00103.x
6455:
6416:
6383:
6322:
6311:
6298:
6276:
6211:
6186:
6156:
6131:
6106:
5797:
5399:. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings.
5262:Expert Systems with Applications
5176:
4833:
4822:
4732:
4662:
4596:
4585:
4122:"Artemis and Stag at Met Museum"
3704:, Moscow: Bloomberg Finance L.P.
3668:81, No. 2 (Summer 1970), 132-135
3441:
3364:
2628:Travel tickets β One example is
2107:Generalized second-price auction
2037:
1914:
1901:Generalized first-price auctions
1420:National Auctioneers Association
45:
8169:Inventory (library and archive)
8069:Cultural property documentation
7475:. Wickman's Fine Wine Auctions.
6973:"Anomalies: The Winner's Curse"
6423:Bakos, J. Yannis (1997-12-01).
6080:
6055:
6011:
5986:
5961:
5936:
5874:
5851:
5826:
5802:
5791:
5770:
5691:
5662:
5637:
5615:
5584:
5565:
5538:
5450:
5417:
5384:
5355:
5341:
5323:
5290:
5253:
5181:
5170:
5135:
5109:
4953:
4919:
4898:
4827:
4781:
4737:
4726:
4708:
4693:. Auctusdev.com. Archived from
4683:
4656:
4622:
4601:
4590:
4545:
4516:
4410:
4369:
4343:
4309:
4285:
4260:
4198:
4172:
4137:
4113:
4085:
4050:
4013:
3995:
3968:
3897:
3848:
3807:
3787:Stoica, Michael (August 2007),
3768:
3740:
3631:
3614:Rome and its Empire, AD 193-284
3611:Hekster, Olivier (2008-07-03).
3604:
2103:Generalized first-price auction
1490:
1143:(1796) β caricature of actress
8567:Bone, horn, and antler objects
8109:Digital photograph restoration
7838:Draft edition available online
7699:Putting Auction Theory to Work
6667:, Kessinger Publishing, 2005,
6643:, Human Sciences Press, 1988,
6517:10.7551/mitpress/9011.001.0001
6357:Journal of Economic Literature
6308:, Rural Press, 13 August 2009.
5910:The Journal of Human Resources
4932:. Cambridge University Press.
4850:"Combinatorial auction design"
3577:
3494:
3435:
3409:Journal of Economic Literature
3251:Journal of Economic Literature
2933:Duo Yun Xuan auction house in
2924:
2870:Collusion involving auctioneer
2380:debt. In legal contexts where
2360:Category:Governmental auctions
2245:English custom of wife selling
2184:Category:Contexts for auctions
2140:simultaneous ascending auction
1804:First-price sealed-bid auction
1795:
1266:Phillips de Pury & Company
1052:The Babylonian Marriage Market
771:Alternative dispute resolution
1:
8752:South Asian household shrines
8450:Reconstruction (architecture)
8380:Cultural property radiography
8337:Registrar (cultural property)
8089:Cultural resources management
8049:Collections management system
7824:Auctions: Theory and Practice
7715:Shubik, Martin (March 2004),
7666:
7461:. GAUK Auctions. 23 May 2018.
7110:Journal of Cultural Economics
6572:Mike Brandly, Auctioneer Blog
6224:The RAND Journal of Economics
5559:10.1016/j.jmateco.2014.02.011
4874:10.1287/mnsc.49.11.1485.20585
4316:Klemperer, Paul (July 1999).
4120:New York Times (2008-01-10),
3952:10.1016/S1040-6190(97)80317-X
3882:"The Heyday of the Auction",
2829:Beyond explicit collusion, a
2390:non-payment of property taxes
2221:in the post-Gaddafi era Libya
2189:hosting auctions themselves.
1835:Properties of auctioned goods
1766:open descending price auction
964:
913:An American auctioneer using
336:
9021:Conservation-restoration of
9012:Conservation-restoration of
8385:Detachment of wall paintings
8159:Intangible cultural heritage
8074:Cultural property exhibition
8059:Cultural heritage management
7539:10.1016/j.jretai.2015.01.003
7435:10.1007/978-3-319-48671-0_38
7427:Cloud Computing and Security
7176:Journal of Political Economy
7075:The American Economic Review
6616:d'Arcy, Susan (2010-01-24).
6290:. 2003-04-30. Archived from
6164:"Understanding underquoting"
5702:, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
5677:. Elsevier. pp. 19β42.
5125:The American Economic Review
4530:. 2018-01-15. Archived from
4511:10.1016/j.bushor.2007.03.003
4227:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104266
2854:Chandelier or rafter bidding
2802:
2779:Auction cancellation hunters
2112:
1864:discriminatory price auction
1725:open ascending price auction
1405:the most expensive sculpture
1018:
7:
8465:Transfer of panel paintings
7714:
7459:"Glossary of Auction Terms"
6817:Operations Research Letters
6687:Julia L. Wilkinson (2006),
6045:How Much Is Virginity Worth
5622:Quint, Dan (Oct 16, 2007).
5434:10.1007/978-3-540-77554-6_4
5188:Nasri, Grace (2011-04-07).
5088:Leichman, Laurence (1996),
4691:"Auction Types & Terms"
4635:. Oxford University Press.
4325:Journal of Economic Surveys
3855:Neufeld, Rob (2019-04-28).
3696:Varoli, John (2007-10-02),
3540:
3457:
3261:
2905:Suggested opening bid (SOB)
2581:conduct and other types of
2564:of auctions. Websites like
2518:Auctions are used to trade
2422:courts to run such auctions
2388:steps. Property seized for
2298:In some countries, such as
2255:women as reported in 2020.
2177:
2122:English auction ended). An
2109:are multi-winner auctions.
1895:combinatorial clock auction
1888:Deferred-acceptance auction
1446:in 2017 ($ 450.3 million).
10:
9118:
8929:Heritage language learning
8199:Optical media preservation
7843:Smith, Charles W. (1990),
7145:Journal of Economic Theory
6855:10.1016/j.ejor.2012.03.050
5410:10.4230/DagSemProc.06461.8
5391:EichstΓ€dt, Tilman (2007).
5274:10.1016/j.eswa.2014.02.023
4802:10.2753/JEC1086-4415170201
4597:Milgrom, 2004: pp. 267-268
3644:. Oxford UP. p. 499.
3477:Auctions and Auctioneering
2726:has long been a staple at
2702:
2571:Private electronic markets
2549:
2396:, is sold in this manner.
2357:
2308:private sale/treaty method
2241:Trade of wives by auctions
2196:
2181:
1675:market value of the item.
1464:
1036:
941:
838:Peace and conflict studies
745:Mutual assured destruction
54:
18:
8997:
8969:Oral history preservation
8810:
8539:
8483:
8350:
8252:
8084:Cultural property storage
8079:Cultural property imaging
7954:
7883:10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.009
7621:10.1016/j.trb.2004.11.003
7574:10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.009
7502:10.1007/s12525-011-0068-9
7157:10.1016/j.jet.2005.12.004
7053:10.1504/IJEMR.2011.039894
6829:10.1016/j.orl.2012.03.012
6691:, No Starch Press, 2006,
6168:Consumer Affairs Victoria
5646:"The Anglo-Dutch Auction"
5578:Journal on Communications
4767:10.1007/s10683-007-9169-x
4480:CEUR Workshop Proceedings
3298:Auctions in Monopoly game
3041:'s "Buy It Now" feature).
2705:Category:Bidding strategy
2331:house prices sky-rocketed
2276:Bangladesh Premier League
1866:. An example for them is
1667:buyer-determined auctions
1543:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1467:Category:Types of auction
1176:Oxford English Dictionary
967:. These contexts include
482:Private electronic market
9016:by ElΓas GarcΓa MartΓnez
8234:Sustainable preservation
7905:. Switzerland: Springer.
6665:The Toastmaster's Manual
6566:Br, Mike (2 June 2010).
6369:10.1257/0022051041409075
5975:The Gentleman's Magazine
5467:10.1057/9781137475428_11
3338:
3112:Hammer used in auctions.
2915:chi-squared distribution
2718:An 18th century Chinese
2430:electromagnetic spectrum
2193:Human commodity auctions
2000:single-attribute auction
1748:Partially driven by time
1460:
1260:(1731), Mallams (1788),
936:by offering them up for
925:is usually a process of
833:Non-aggression principle
791:Conflict style inventory
595:Nonviolent Communication
177:Generalized second-price
8974:Preservation of meaning
8959:Language revitalization
8627:Illuminated manuscripts
8405:Historic paint analysis
8297:Conservation technician
8099:Deaccessioning (museum)
8039:Collections maintenance
7964:Agents of deterioration
7810:Encyclopædia Britannica
7676:Krishna, Vijay (2002),
6441:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676
6236:10.1111/1756-2171.12028
5592:"The Amsterdam Auction"
5012:Fisher, Steven (2006),
4337:10.1111/1467-6419.00083
4158:10.1111/1468-0327.00107
3932:The Electricity Journal
3862:Asheville Citizen-Times
3515:10.2143/AS.38.0.2033274
3474:Cassady, Ralph (1967).
2354:Auctions by authorities
2004:multi-attribute auction
1923:(NR), also known as an
1338:multi-attribute auction
1298:The Great Slave Auction
1258:Uppsala auktionskammare
1227:Stockholms Auktionsverk
1219:Stockholm Auction House
1074:Auctions took place in
680:International relations
610:Speaking truth to power
172:Generalized first-price
8984:Tradition preservation
8637:Iron and steel objects
8526:Outdoor bronze objects
8470:UVC-based preservation
8327:Photograph conservator
8292:Conservation scientist
8044:Collections management
7974:Archaeological science
7336:Andrew M. Goldstein. "
7026:10.1287/mnsc.1070.0691
5700:Combinatorial Auctions
5515:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0650
4754:Experimental Economics
4071:10.2979/esj.2004.3.3.5
4007:PortalDerWirtschaft.de
3113:
2941:
2743:
2738:16 million, or US
2515:
2500:
2485:
2477:
2461:
2372:
2295:
2208:
2168:private value auctions
2024:Best/not best auctions
1852:
1757:
1716:
1707:Driven by bidders only
1597:
1573:stand for sellers and
1567:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1483:were awarded the 2020
1408:
1318:southern United States
1250:GΓΆteborgs Auktionsverk
1171:
1155:
1117:two months later when
1056:
918:
227:Simultaneous ascending
8989:Traditional knowledge
8954:Language preservation
8562:Ancient Greek pottery
8460:Textile stabilization
8322:Paintings conservator
8209:Preservation metadata
8094:Database preservation
7948:historic preservation
7087:10.1257/aer.101.2.749
6170:. CAV. Archived from
4558:J. Public Procurement
4437:10.1145/779928.779936
3904:Huijun, Feng (1994).
3323:Online travel auction
3258:for auctions is D44.
3111:
2932:
2717:
2506:
2491:
2483:
2467:
2459:
2367:
2293:
2272:Indian Premier League
2206:
2197:Further information:
2099:Combinatorial auction
2091:multi-winner auctions
2032:Traffic-light auction
1875:combinatorial auction
1860:uniform price auction
1842:
1755:
1735:Auction by the candle
1714:
1689:Barter double auction
1684:Walrasian tΓ’tonnement
1598:
1568:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1380:
1373:Economic significance
1364:have developed, with
1217:in the world was the
1166:, Paris (painting by
1161:
1139:
1049:
912:
755:Nuclear proliferation
262:VickreyβClarkeβGroves
8777:Time-based media art
8587:Copper-based objects
8501:Archaeological sites
8430:Mass deacidification
8375:Cradling (paintings)
8287:Conservator-restorer
8114:Digital preservation
7795:Hart, Heber Leonidas
7526:Journal of Retailing
7068:"The Bidder's Curse"
6409:10.1155/2016/6567146
6304:The Land Newspaper,
5889:. The New York Times
5461:. pp. 144β159.
5090:90% off! real estate
4966:The Economic Journal
4386:10.1109/SNPD.2008.51
4380:. pp. 447β452.
3313:Offer and acceptance
2899:The Auction Alliance
2817:The House of Caradus
2589:Unique item auctions
2540:electricity auctions
2492:Tuna auction at the
2414:non-competitive bids
2369:Pima County, Arizona
2286:Real estate auctions
2282:, starting in 2012.
2266:to the highest bid.
2225:Atlantic slave trade
2172:common value auction
1770:Dutch tulip auctions
1577:
1547:
1393:Artemis and the Stag
1328:Rise of the internet
821:Paradox of tolerance
142:Discriminatory price
9081:World Heritage Site
8944:Indigenous language
8844:Endangered language
8742:Shipwreck artifacts
8722:Photographic plates
8672:Musical instruments
8425:Lining of paintings
8342:Textile conservator
8317:Objects conservator
8307:Exhibition designer
8214:Preservation survey
8139:Found in collection
8029:Collection (museum)
7999:Calendar (archives)
7969:Archival processing
7875:2019TRPE..127..150H
7613:2005TRPB...39..914S
7566:2019TRPE..127..150H
6990:10.1257/jep.2.1.191
6742:Double the Donation
6174:on 28 February 2019
5798:Milgrom, 2004: p268
5644:Marszalec, Daniel.
5177:Milgrom, 2004: p119
4866:2003PNAS..10011153P
4586:Milgrom, 2004: p267
4219:2020MarPo.12204266K
4020:Bernhard, Andreas.
3944:1997ElecJ..10j..22C
3790:The Business of Art
3256:classification code
2583:market manipulation
2494:Tsukiji fish market
2124:Anglo-Dutch auction
2065:Unique bid auctions
1971:Bidding fee auction
1723:, also known as an
1453:) and $ 4 billion (
1350:electronic auctions
1316:auctioneers in the
1274:Lyon & Turnbull
1141:A Peep at Christies
1055:, Edwin Long, 1875.
1042:Classical antiquity
1033:, ("I increase").
750:Nuclear disarmament
649:Conflict escalation
626:Conflict management
530:Conflict resolution
452:Revenue equivalence
137:Deferred-acceptance
21:Auctioneer (comics)
8939:Indigenous culture
8282:Collection manager
8179:Media preservation
8174:Inventory (museum)
8034:Collection catalog
7759:Journal of Finance
7489:Electronic Markets
7231:. 26 February 2014
7014:Management Science
6797:The New York Times
6769:on 26 January 2020
6429:Management Science
6331:Rural Cooperatives
6193:ZFN (2021-08-22).
5887:The New York Times
5814:en.wikiversity.org
5503:Management Science
5349:"Cigar Auctioneer"
5316:10.1111/poms.12979
5249:. 17 January 2006.
5220:on 1 February 2013
5118:"Optimal Auctions"
4978:10.1111/ecoj.12404
4972:(605): F334βF350.
4854:Management Science
4733:Krishna, 2002: p13
4720:2007-05-04 at the
4421:. pp. 55β63.
4126:The New York Times
4038:on 29 January 2020
3702:Bloomberg.com News
3541:Shubik, 2004: p215
3458:Shubik, 2004: p214
3328:Request for tender
3244:JEL classification
3114:
2942:
2831:tacit coordination
2811:or more specially
2744:
2594:Motor vehicle and
2516:
2501:
2486:
2478:
2462:
2452:Commodity auctions
2377:government auction
2373:
2296:
2209:
2132:sequential auction
2018:Visibility of bids
1990:Structure of a bid
1921:No-reserve auction
1856:Multiunit auctions
1853:
1758:
1717:
1693:Euclidean distance
1593:
1563:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1409:
1306:American Civil War
1183:events, such as a
1180:auctions by candle
1172:
1156:
1057:
1005:online advertising
927:buying and selling
919:
868:Track II diplomacy
816:Prisoner's dilemma
786:Conflict continuum
781:Conflict avoidance
566:Dispute resolution
222:Sealed first-price
9089:
9088:
9038:Pompeian frescoes
8924:Heritage language
8814:cultural heritage
8602:Flags and banners
8547:cultural property
8511:Heritage railways
8491:cultural property
8440:Paleo-inspiration
8124:Film preservation
8064:Cultural property
8054:Cultural heritage
7944:Cultural heritage
7854:978-0-520-07201-5
7833:978-0-691-11925-0
7726:978-0-262-69311-0
7708:978-0-521-55184-7
7687:978-0-12-426297-3
7444:978-3-319-48670-3
6698:978-1-59327-055-1
6674:978-1-4191-5636-6
6650:978-0-89885-362-9
6435:(12): 1676β1692.
6087:Sportstar, Team.
5858:Vonberg, Judith.
5749:10.1093/ei/cbi050
5709:978-0-262-03342-8
5476:978-1-349-69293-4
5443:978-3-540-77553-9
5268:(10): 4829β4843.
5243:"Chinese Auction"
5103:978-0-9636867-7-0
5057:"The eBay Effect"
5035:978-0-910627-69-6
4939:978-1-107-13534-5
4860:(11): 1485β1503,
4834:Krishna, 2002: p3
4823:Krishna, 2002: p9
4642:978-0-19-925429-3
4499:Business Horizons
4395:978-0-7695-3263-9
4059:E-Service Journal
3988:978-0-19-925429-3
3723:About the company
3677:William S. Walsh
3651:978-0-19-530574-6
3624:978-0-7486-2992-3
3597:978-1-107-01065-9
3487:978-0-520-03978-0
3442:Krishna, 2002: p1
3365:Krishna, 2002: p2
2849:By the auctioneer
2835:spectrum auctions
2692:emissions trading
2614:second-hand goods
2426:spectrum auctions
2278:conducts cricket
2260:virginity auction
2119:Amsterdam auction
2095:Multiunit auction
1996:Brazilian auction
1868:spectrum auctions
1764:also known as an
1699:Price development
1680:Walrasian auction
1662:
1661:
1628:Multiple Sellers
1607:
1606:
1475:. The economists
1431:spectrum auctions
1346:Brazilian auction
1294:French Revolution
1168:Albert Bettannier
1119:Septimius Severus
1015:, and many more.
910:
904:
903:
776:Anti-war movement
740:Nuclear blackmail
644:Communal violence
524:
523:
302:Cancellation hunt
252:Value of revenues
122:Click-box bidding
9109:
9025:by Thomas Eakins
9023:The Gross Clinic
8919:Folklore studies
8829:Applied folklore
8802:Wooden furniture
8797:Wooden artifacts
8792:Woodblock prints
8772:Tibetan thangkas
8632:Insect specimens
8521:Outdoor artworks
8516:Historic gardens
8149:Heritage science
7937:
7930:
7923:
7914:
7913:
7906:
7894:
7857:
7836:
7814:
7802:
7783:
7752:
7729:
7711:
7690:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7656:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7455:
7449:
7448:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7397:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7372:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7347:
7341:
7334:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7289:
7283:
7282:
7256:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7072:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7009:
7003:
7002:
6992:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6943:
6926:(5): 1089β1122.
6911:
6905:
6904:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6789:Melikian, Souren
6785:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6718:. 6 October 2018
6708:
6702:
6701:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6642:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6543:. Archived from
6537:
6531:
6530:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6348:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6320:
6315:
6309:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6280:
6274:
6273:
6255:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6143:espncricinfo.com
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6059:
6053:
6050:Slate (magazine)
6041:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5806:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5737:Economic Inquiry
5728:
5713:
5712:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5650:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5628:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5603:
5597:. Archived from
5596:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5526:
5498:
5481:
5480:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5369:. Archived from
5367:eSourcing | Wiki
5359:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5335:Game Theory .net
5331:"Yankee Auction"
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5309:(5): 1206β1221.
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5247:Fundraising Help
5239:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5185:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5156:10.2307/20075949
5139:
5133:
5132:
5122:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5067:, archived from
5052:
5039:
5038:
5019:
5009:
4998:
4997:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4884:, archived from
4845:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4750:
4741:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4669:, archived from
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4528:Procurehere Blog
4520:
4514:
4513:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4430:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4322:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4264:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4031:. Archived from
4029:chemietechnik.de
4026:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3929:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3793:, archived from
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3693:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3563:, archived from
3552:
3543:
3538:
3527:
3526:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3471:
3460:
3455:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3404:
3367:
3362:
3288:Auction software
3217:
3216:
2982:
2981:
2959:
2958:
2793:Calor licitantis
2722:porcelain vase.
2699:Bidding strategy
2665:Charity auctions
2507:Fish auction in
2434:storage facility
2406:debt obligations
2348:spectrum auction
2156:
2155:
2136:Calcutta auction
2059:Winner selection
1960:Price of bidding
1925:absolute auction
1807:
1806:
1780:Japanese auction
1741:Scottish auction
1648:Multiple Buyers
1620:
1619:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1495:
1494:
1481:Robert B. Wilson
1418:In 2008, the US
1399:in New York for
1389:bronze sculpture
1334:via the internet
1289:auction catalogs
1145:Elizabeth Farren
1121:conquered Rome.
1099:Praetorian Guard
1013:emission trading
944:. The branch of
911:
896:
889:
882:
526:
525:
516:
509:
502:
447:Price of anarchy
297:Calor licitantis
49:
26:
25:
9117:
9116:
9112:
9111:
9110:
9108:
9107:
9106:
9092:
9091:
9090:
9085:
9032:The Last Supper
8999:
8993:
8979:Primitive music
8889:Folk instrument
8864:Family folklore
8854:Ethnomusicology
8849:Ethnochoreology
8816:
8813:
8806:
8727:Plastic objects
8712:Performance art
8697:Panel paintings
8692:Painting frames
8657:Leather objects
8577:Ceramic objects
8549:
8546:
8544:
8543:and restoration
8542:
8535:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8487:and restoration
8486:
8479:
8445:Paper splitting
8360:Aging (artwork)
8352:
8346:
8332:Preservationist
8254:
8248:
8104:Digital library
7956:
7950:
7941:
7910:
7855:
7834:
7820:Klemperer, Paul
7790:
7788:Further reading
7727:
7709:
7688:
7669:
7664:
7663:
7654:
7652:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7607:(10): 914β933.
7593:
7589:
7550:
7546:
7521:
7517:
7484:
7480:
7471:
7470:
7466:
7457:
7456:
7452:
7445:
7423:
7419:
7409:
7407:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7384:
7382:
7374:
7373:
7369:
7360:
7358:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7335:
7312:
7302:
7300:
7290:
7286:
7254:
7248:
7244:
7234:
7232:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7208:
7206:
7168:
7164:
7141:
7137:
7106:
7102:
7070:
7064:
7060:
7037:
7033:
7010:
7006:
6969:
6965:
6932:10.2307/1911865
6912:
6908:
6885:10.2307/1879431
6865:
6861:
6839:
6835:
6813:
6809:
6801:
6799:
6786:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6746:
6744:
6736:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6710:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6685:
6681:
6675:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6633:
6629:
6614:
6610:
6601:
6599:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6576:
6574:
6564:
6560:
6550:
6548:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6503:
6499:
6460:
6456:
6421:
6417:
6388:
6384:
6349:
6342:
6327:
6323:
6318:Forest Auctions
6316:
6312:
6303:
6299:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6216:
6212:
6203:
6201:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6118:thenewleam.com/
6112:
6111:
6107:
6097:
6095:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6069:
6067:Hindustan Times
6061:
6060:
6056:
6042:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5941:
5937:
5906:
5902:
5892:
5890:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5818:
5816:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5796:
5792:
5783:
5781:
5780:. 14 April 2016
5776:
5775:
5771:
5729:
5716:
5710:
5696:
5692:
5685:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5626:
5620:
5616:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5570:
5566:
5543:
5539:
5499:
5484:
5477:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5422:
5418:
5389:
5385:
5376:
5374:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5295:
5291:
5258:
5254:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5198:
5196:
5194:Huffington Post
5186:
5182:
5175:
5171:
5150:(34): 115β141.
5140:
5136:
5120:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5072:
5053:
5042:
5036:
5010:
5001:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4924:
4920:
4912:10.1.1.715.9582
4903:
4899:
4891:
4889:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4817:
4786:
4782:
4748:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4727:
4722:Wayback Machine
4713:
4709:
4700:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4674:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4627:
4623:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4535:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4495:
4491:
4475:
4469:
4462:
4447:
4415:
4411:
4396:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4350:Charles Riley.
4348:
4344:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4250:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4152:(36): 269β308.
4146:Economic Policy
4142:
4138:
4130:
4128:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4090:
4086:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4024:
4018:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3973:
3969:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3902:
3898:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3853:
3849:
3833:10.18737/M76K6J
3820:Southern Spaces
3812:
3808:
3800:
3798:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3730:on May 22, 2008
3720:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3705:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3530:
3503:Ancient Society
3499:
3495:
3488:
3472:
3463:
3456:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3405:
3370:
3363:
3346:
3341:
3278:Auction Network
3264:
3246:
3214:
3213:
3065:auction sniping
3019:Buyer's premium
2979:
2978:
2956:
2955:
2927:
2907:
2872:
2856:
2851:
2805:
2797:Suicide bidding
2784:Auction sniping
2712:
2707:
2701:
2669:benefit concert
2661:
2591:
2557:Online auctions
2554:
2548:
2546:Online auctions
2532:New South Wales
2454:
2445:Auction Hunters
2418:debt obligation
2398:Police auctions
2362:
2356:
2288:
2280:player auctions
2207:A slave auction
2201:
2199:Commodification
2195:
2186:
2180:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2115:
2076:Vickrey auction
2069:Chinese auction
2061:
2040:
2020:
1992:
1984:Chinese auction
1966:all-pay auction
1962:
1941:reserve auction
1934:reserve auction
1917:
1909:Vickrey auction
1843:The auction in
1837:
1824:Vickrey auction
1802:
1801:
1798:
1750:
1721:English auction
1709:
1701:
1652:Forward auction
1642:Reverse auction
1584:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1504:Reverse auction
1499:Forward auction
1493:
1469:
1463:
1375:
1362:online auctions
1330:
1302:enslaved people
1134:
1107:Didius Julianus
1095:Marcus Aurelius
1069:reverse auction
1065:forward auction
1044:
1039:
1021:
946:economic theory
906:
900:
828:Liaison officer
735:Nuclear warfare
719:Multilateralism
659:Just war theory
520:
491:
461:
426:
331:
327:Tacit collusion
276:
192:Multi-attribute
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9115:
9105:
9104:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9027:
9018:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8964:Living history
8961:
8956:
8951:
8949:Language death
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8884:Folk etymology
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8834:Dance notation
8831:
8826:
8820:
8818:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8747:Silver objects
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8553:
8551:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8531:Outdoor murals
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8497:
8495:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8455:Rissverklebung
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8370:Arrested decay
8367:
8362:
8356:
8354:
8353:and techniques
8348:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8256:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8144:Heritage asset
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7989:Bioarchaeology
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7960:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7940:
7939:
7932:
7925:
7917:
7908:
7907:
7896:
7858:
7853:
7840:
7832:
7816:
7805:Chisholm, Hugh
7789:
7786:
7785:
7784:
7753:
7743:(3): 529β548.
7730:
7725:
7712:
7707:
7691:
7686:
7678:Auction Theory
7673:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7634:
7587:
7544:
7533:(3): 468β485.
7515:
7496:(3): 197β207.
7478:
7464:
7450:
7443:
7417:
7405:eProperty News
7392:
7367:
7342:
7310:
7284:
7242:
7216:
7188:10.1086/261885
7182:(3): 518β538.
7162:
7151:(1): 374β402.
7135:
7116:(2): 125β141.
7100:
7081:(2): 749β787.
7058:
7031:
7020:(9): iv-1519.
7004:
6983:(1): 191β202.
6963:
6906:
6879:(3): 488β500.
6859:
6833:
6823:(4): 244β249,
6807:
6791:(2005-07-26),
6780:
6754:
6729:
6703:
6697:
6679:
6673:
6655:
6649:
6627:
6608:
6584:
6558:
6532:
6525:
6497:
6470:(2): 353β369.
6454:
6415:
6382:
6363:(2): 457β486.
6340:
6321:
6310:
6297:
6294:on 2005-04-28.
6275:
6230:(3): 488β521.
6210:
6185:
6155:
6130:
6105:
6079:
6054:
6036:
6010:
5985:
5960:
5935:
5922:10.2307/146326
5916:(2): 279β298.
5900:
5873:
5850:
5825:
5801:
5790:
5769:
5743:(4): 715β733,
5714:
5708:
5690:
5683:
5661:
5636:
5614:
5583:
5564:
5537:
5509:(5): 814β833,
5482:
5475:
5449:
5442:
5416:
5383:
5354:
5340:
5322:
5289:
5252:
5231:
5205:
5180:
5169:
5134:
5108:
5102:
5094:Ocala, Florida
5080:
5065:CCIM Institute
5040:
5034:
5022:Ocala, Florida
4999:
4952:
4938:
4918:
4897:
4837:
4826:
4815:
4780:
4761:(4): 344β357.
4736:
4725:
4707:
4682:
4655:
4641:
4621:
4600:
4589:
4575:
4544:
4515:
4505:(5): 373β384,
4489:
4460:
4445:
4409:
4394:
4368:
4342:
4331:(3): 227β286.
4308:
4284:
4259:
4248:
4197:
4171:
4136:
4112:
4095:(2007-06-07),
4084:
4049:
4012:
3994:
3987:
3967:
3915:
3896:
3874:
3847:
3806:
3779:
3767:
3739:
3713:
3683:
3670:
3657:
3650:
3630:
3623:
3603:
3596:
3576:
3544:
3528:
3493:
3486:
3461:
3445:
3434:
3415:(2): 699β738.
3368:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Online auction
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Auction theory
3290:
3285:
3283:Auction school
3280:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3260:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3035:
3016:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2994:auction school
2990:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2947:
2926:
2923:
2906:
2903:
2871:
2868:
2864:United Kingdom
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2804:
2801:
2769:winner's curse
2756:winner's curse
2711:
2710:By the bidders
2708:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2659:Other contexts
2657:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2587:
2559:are a form of
2552:Online auction
2550:Main article:
2547:
2544:
2453:
2450:
2355:
2352:
2287:
2284:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2176:
2154:silent auction
2147:
2146:Other features
2144:
2128:French auction
2114:
2111:
2060:
2057:
2044:buyout auction
2039:
2036:
2019:
2016:
2011:Yankee auction
1991:
1988:
1980:top-up auction
1975:senior auction
1961:
1958:
1916:
1913:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1777:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1660:
1659:
1657:Double auction
1654:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:Single Seller
1623:
1605:
1604:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1509:Double auction
1506:
1501:
1492:
1489:
1473:Auction theory
1462:
1459:
1443:Salvator Mundi
1395:" was sold at
1374:
1371:
1342:Yankee auction
1329:
1326:
1243:James Christie
1202:London Gazette
1133:
1132:Modern revival
1130:
1126:Buddhist monks
1076:Ancient Greece
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1020:
1017:
993:radio spectrum
950:auction theory
902:
901:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
824:
823:
818:
808:
803:
801:Family therapy
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
765:
764:
760:
759:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
729:
728:
724:
723:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
683:
682:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
671:
661:
656:
651:
646:
638:
637:
631:
630:
629:
628:
620:
619:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
591:
590:
588:Party-directed
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
558:
553:
548:
540:
539:
533:
532:
522:
521:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
484:
479:
473:
470:
469:
463:
462:
460:
459:
457:Winner's curse
454:
449:
444:
438:
435:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
340:
339:
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
285:
284:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
83:
82:
77:
72:
61:
58:
57:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9114:
9103:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9026:
9024:
9019:
9017:
9015:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9002:
8996:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8894:Folk medicine
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8824:Ancient music
8822:
8821:
8819:
8815:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8757:Stained glass
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8737:Road vehicles
8735:
8733:
8732:Rail vehicles
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8682:New media art
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8642:Ivory objects
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8622:Human remains
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8612:Glass objects
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8489:of immovable
8482:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8390:Desmet method
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8255:and expertise
8251:
8245:
8244:Web archiving
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8154:Inherent vice
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7938:
7933:
7931:
7926:
7924:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7903:
7897:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7859:
7856:
7850:
7846:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7791:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7731:
7728:
7722:
7718:
7713:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7695:Milgrom, Paul
7692:
7689:
7683:
7679:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7651:on 2009-01-06
7650:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7548:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7519:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7490:
7482:
7474:
7468:
7460:
7454:
7446:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7406:
7402:
7396:
7381:
7380:www.iol.co.za
7377:
7371:
7357:on 2012-02-22
7356:
7352:
7346:
7339:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7299:
7295:
7288:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7265:(2): 90β100.
7264:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7230:
7226:
7220:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7166:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7139:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7008:
7000:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6967:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6910:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6811:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6717:
6713:
6707:
6700:
6694:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6631:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6598:
6597:inglis.com.au
6594:
6588:
6573:
6569:
6562:
6547:on 2013-11-13
6546:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6526:9780262301503
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6419:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6347:
6345:
6336:
6332:
6325:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6301:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6214:
6200:
6196:
6189:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6094:
6090:
6083:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6025:. 1 July 2017
6024:
6020:
6014:
5999:
5995:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5964:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5861:
5854:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5794:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5711:
5705:
5701:
5694:
5686:
5684:0-444-51239-X
5680:
5676:
5672:
5665:
5647:
5640:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5604:on 2016-06-29
5600:
5593:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5478:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5373:on 2020-01-27
5372:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5350:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5317:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5256:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5178:
5173:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5138:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5071:on 2010-10-31
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5037:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4956:
4941:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4922:
4913:
4908:
4901:
4888:on 2007-09-11
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4842:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4819:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4697:on 2013-01-17
4696:
4692:
4686:
4673:on 2008-12-17
4672:
4668:
4667:
4659:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4625:
4616:
4611:
4604:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4534:on 2019-04-30
4533:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4446:1-58113-679-X
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4428:10.1.1.1.1755
4424:
4420:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4207:Marine Policy
4201:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4140:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3938:(10): 22β31.
3937:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3884:The Economist
3878:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3797:on 2008-06-07
3796:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3776:
3771:
3764:
3753:
3752:Christies.com
3749:
3743:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3674:
3667:
3661:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3567:on 2008-05-17
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Auction house
3271:
3269:
3268:Auction chant
3266:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2974:
2973:Auction house
2971:
2968:
2965:
2964:Auction chant
2962:
2957:Auction block
2954:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2902:
2900:
2897:'s companies
2896:
2891:
2890:reserve price
2887:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2648:CryptoKitties
2645:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:estate agents
2332:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:reserve price
2309:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:Fattigauktion
2234:
2233:child auction
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:slave markets
2214:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2038:Buyout option
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1954:discretionary
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:reserve price
1926:
1922:
1915:Reserve price
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1845:Oulu, Finland
1841:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:Dutch auction
1805:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:Dutch auction
1760:
1759:
1754:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:Dutch auction
1668:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:Single Buyer
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1588:
1585:
1558:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1324:from Africa.
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:auction house
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1153:James Gillray
1150:
1147:and huntsman
1146:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1082:. During the
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
916:
915:auction chant
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:Peacebuilding
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Peace process
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
766:
762:
761:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:
726:
725:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
681:
678:
677:
670:
667:
666:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:De-escalation
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
636:
633:
632:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
617:
616:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
577:
576:Collaborative
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
538:
535:
534:
531:
528:
527:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
495:
494:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
471:
468:
465:
464:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
442:Digital goods
440:
439:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
342:
341:
338:
335:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
287:
286:
283:
280:
279:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
242:Uniform price
240:
238:
237:Traffic light
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
127:Combinatorial
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
102:Best/not best
100:
98:
97:Barter double
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
9059:
9031:
9022:
9013:
8904:Folk process
8859:Ethnopoetics
8817:preservation
8677:Neon objects
8550:by item type
8541:Conservation
8494:by item type
8485:Conservation
8435:Overpainting
8395:Display case
8224:Repatriation
7909:
7901:
7866:
7862:
7844:
7823:
7808:
7763:
7757:
7740:
7734:
7716:
7698:
7677:
7653:, retrieved
7649:the original
7643:
7637:
7604:
7600:
7590:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7530:
7524:
7518:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7467:
7453:
7426:
7420:
7408:. Retrieved
7404:
7395:
7383:. Retrieved
7379:
7370:
7359:. Retrieved
7355:the original
7345:
7301:. Retrieved
7297:
7287:
7262:
7258:
7245:
7233:. Retrieved
7228:
7219:
7207:. Retrieved
7179:
7175:
7165:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7113:
7109:
7103:
7078:
7074:
7061:
7044:
7040:
7034:
7017:
7013:
7007:
6980:
6976:
6966:
6941:10419/220807
6923:
6920:Econometrica
6919:
6909:
6876:
6872:
6862:
6849:(1): 76β84,
6846:
6842:
6836:
6820:
6816:
6810:
6800:, retrieved
6796:
6783:
6771:. Retrieved
6767:the original
6757:
6745:. Retrieved
6741:
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6715:
6706:
6688:
6682:
6664:
6658:
6638:
6630:
6621:
6611:
6600:. Retrieved
6596:
6587:
6575:. Retrieved
6571:
6561:
6549:. Retrieved
6545:the original
6535:
6507:
6500:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6432:
6428:
6418:
6399:
6395:
6385:
6360:
6356:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6313:
6305:
6300:
6292:the original
6287:
6278:
6227:
6223:
6213:
6202:. Retrieved
6198:
6188:
6176:. Retrieved
6172:the original
6167:
6158:
6146:. Retrieved
6142:
6133:
6121:. Retrieved
6117:
6108:
6098:26 September
6096:. Retrieved
6092:
6082:
6072:26 September
6070:. Retrieved
6066:
6057:
6048:
6039:
6027:. Retrieved
6023:The Guardian
6022:
6013:
6001:. Retrieved
5997:
5988:
5979:
5973:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5945:
5938:
5913:
5909:
5903:
5891:. Retrieved
5886:
5876:
5864:. Retrieved
5853:
5841:. Retrieved
5837:
5828:
5817:. Retrieved
5813:
5804:
5793:
5782:. Retrieved
5772:
5740:
5736:
5699:
5693:
5674:
5664:
5652:. Retrieved
5639:
5630:
5624:"Lecture 12"
5617:
5606:. Retrieved
5599:the original
5586:
5577:
5567:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5506:
5502:
5458:
5452:
5425:
5419:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5375:. Retrieved
5371:the original
5366:
5357:
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2623:Thoroughbred
2603:collectibles
2596:car auctions
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2524:wine auction
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2472:at auction,
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2439:Storage Wars
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1477:Paul Milgrom
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977:collectibles
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699:Brinkmanship
556:Conciliation
550:
377:Domain names
232:Single-price
132:Common value
38:
9060:H.L. Hunley
8839:Early music
8787:Vinyl discs
8782:Totem poles
8717:Photographs
8662:Lighthouses
8652:Lacquerware
8607:Fur objects
8545:of movable
8475:VisualAudio
8420:Leafcasting
8365:Anastylosis
8312:Mount maker
8272:Art handler
8129:Finding aid
7979:Archaeology
7869:: 150β177.
7766:(1): 8β37.
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6722:26 November
6716:VentureBeat
6306:Prime sheep
6148:5 September
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4272:artnet News
4184:Realtor Mag
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3509:: 153β181.
3308:Game theory
3303:Foreclosure
3084:real estate
2925:Terminology
2895:Rael Levitt
2813:bid-rigging
2773:bid shading
2764:Bid shading
2760:bid shading
2677:reinsurance
2520:commodities
2394:foreclosure
2392:, or under
2304:real estate
2213:commodified
1818:procurement
1796:Single shot
1774:Netherlands
1729:real estate
1603:for buyers
1485:Nobel Prize
1424:real estate
1272:(1805) and
1001:real estate
985:commodities
863:Rule of man
858:Peacemaking
811:Game theory
689:Appeasement
605:Negotiation
571:Rule of law
546:Arbitration
537:Nonviolence
92:Anglo-Dutch
75:Bidding fee
8899:Folk music
8879:Folk dance
8812:Intangible
8410:Inpainting
8277:Auctioneer
8267:Art dealer
8219:Provenance
8024:Collecting
7957:and issues
7667:References
7655:2008-06-25
7361:2012-12-26
7303:27 January
7235:11 October
6802:2008-06-19
6773:26 January
6747:27 January
6602:2019-07-16
6577:26 January
6204:2021-08-27
6178:9 December
5893:26 January
5866:26 January
5843:26 January
5819:2019-07-16
5784:2017-03-29
5654:28 January
5608:2016-05-24
5580:. 2012β02.
5377:2020-02-07
5283:10256/9601
5199:2011-04-27
5131:: 381β392.
5075:2009-06-25
4945:22 October
4892:2008-06-26
4701:2012-12-26
4677:2009-01-09
4568:19 January
4538:2019-04-30
4361:13 October
4302:2020-11-20
4278:2020-11-20
4213:: 104266.
4131:2008-06-20
4107:2008-06-20
4042:29 January
3912:. 1994β12.
3868:2019-04-28
3801:2008-06-21
3757:3 December
3748:"About Us"
3734:2008-06-21
3708:2008-06-21
3571:2008-06-22
3561:Auctioneer
3215:Sealed bid
3051:Commission
2980:Auctioneer
2843:signalling
2732:Christie's
2703:See also:
2652:blockchain
2646:Some rare
2561:E-commerce
2468:Grass-fed
2408:, such as
2386:courthouse
2358:See also:
2182:See also:
1465:See also:
1451:Christie's
1426:auctions.
1239:Christie's
1149:Lord Derby
1011:packages,
958:auctioneer
714:Deterrence
347:Algorithms
247:Unique bid
202:No-reserve
9014:Ecce Homo
8909:Folk play
8762:Taxidermy
8707:Parchment
8687:Paintings
8262:Archivist
7891:182223089
7582:182223089
7279:0167-6245
7204:153700986
7196:0022-3808
7130:154343127
7047:: 16β29.
6999:0895-3309
6950:0012-9682
6624:. London.
6622:The Times
6484:1058-6407
6449:0025-1909
6377:0022-0515
6288:ABC Rural
6093:Sportstar
6029:30 August
6003:30 August
5765:153682553
5757:0095-2583
5553:: 16β24.
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4986:0013-0133
4907:CiteSeerX
4882:1526-5501
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4423:CiteSeerX
4243:226354742
4235:0308-597X
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3184:art sales
3169:bidding).
3118:Increment
3032:sales tax
2950:Appraisal
2809:collusion
2803:Collusion
2747:Katehakis
2728:art sales
2724:Porcelain
2579:collusive
2528:livestock
2316:Melbourne
2300:Australia
2264:virginity
2113:Cascading
2080:Proxy bid
2053:permanent
2049:temporary
1814:tendering
1455:Sotheby's
1397:Sotheby's
1386:Roman-era
1354:Linde plc
1270:Freeman's
1254:Dorotheum
1231:Sotheby's
1193:Admiralty
1091:liquidate
1061:Herodotus
1019:Etymology
997:used cars
989:livestock
973:paintings
796:Democracy
709:Diplomacy
704:Ceasefire
694:Armistice
618:Workplace
583:Mediation
412:Virginity
267:Walrasian
197:Multiunit
107:Brazilian
87:Amsterdam
9102:Auctions
9096:Category
9000:projects
8914:Foodways
8874:Folk art
8869:Folklore
8767:Textiles
8617:Herbaria
8592:Feathers
8557:Aircraft
8415:Kintsugi
8239:Treasure
7822:(2004),
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7629:17566972
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7410:13 March
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6262:25506125
6244:43186429
5998:NBC News
5953:4 August
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4994:26571660
4810:31932319
4775:17613279
4718:Archived
4486:: 89β99.
4297:Statista
4079:62190885
3666:Folklore
3523:44080266
3262:See also
3176:dealers.
3071:eBidding
2939:Malaysia
2694:schemes.
2509:Honolulu
2324:low-ball
2229:scramble
2178:Contexts
1945:reserves
1884:combined
1276:(1826).
1268:(1796),
1264:(1793),
1256:(1707),
1252:(1681),
1185:footrace
1115:beheaded
1111:drachmas
1103:Pertinax
1009:vacation
969:antiques
965:contexts
934:services
635:Violence
600:Pacifism
487:Software
477:Ebidding
402:Spectrum
367:Children
337:Contexts
217:Scottish
187:Knapsack
182:Japanese
112:Calcutta
39:Auctions
31:a series
29:Part of
8998:Notable
8702:Papyrus
8647:Judaica
8506:Frescos
8351:Methods
8302:Curator
7984:Archive
7871:Bibcode
7807:(ed.).
7780:2977633
7609:Bibcode
7562:Bibcode
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6253:4262968
4862:Bibcode
4455:1868153
4404:7466904
4215:Bibcode
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4166:1344658
3940:Bibcode
3429:2726107
3222:Sniping
3013:NP-Hard
3006:Bidding
2935:Malacca
2878:Lovejoy
2862:In the
2822:In the
2720:meiping
2268:Cricket
2160:charity
1382:Artemis
1314:Tobacco
1310:Colonel
1281:taverns
1262:Bonhams
1211:taverns
1037:History
975:, rare
923:auction
727:Nuclear
669:studies
551:Auction
382:Flowers
372:Players
362:Charity
322:Suicide
317:Sniping
312:Rigging
292:Shading
282:Bidding
257:Vickrey
212:Reverse
162:Forward
157:English
70:Chinese
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2253:Yazidi
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1615:seller
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1413:demand
1358:Brazil
1322:slaves
1235:London
1223:Sweden
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467:Online
432:Theory
407:Stamps
397:Slaves
272:Yankee
167:French
147:Double
117:Candle
80:Dollar
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8134:Fonds
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6100:2020
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1080:Rome
938:bids
417:Wine
392:Scam
307:Jump
207:Rank
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7867:127
7768:doi
7745:doi
7617:doi
7570:doi
7558:127
7535:doi
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7431:doi
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7180:101
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7079:101
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6936:hdl
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