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is strictly speaking a form of conflict adjudication and not a form of conflict resolution per se. This is because litigation only determines the legal rights and obligations of parties involved in a dispute and does not necessarily solve the disagreement between the parties involved in the dispute. For example, supreme court cases can rule on whether US states have the constitutional right to criminalize abortion but will not cause the parties involved in the case to no longer disagree on whether states do indeed have the constitutional authority to restrict access to abortion as one of the parties may disagree with the supreme courts reasoning and still disagree with the party that the supreme court sided with. Litigation proceedings are very formal and are governed by rules, such as rules of evidence and procedure, which are established by the legislature. Outcomes are decided by an impartial
743:. ADR generally depends on agreement by the parties to use ADR processes, either before or after a dispute has arisen. ADR has experienced steadily increasing acceptance and utilization because of a perception of greater flexibility, costs below those of traditional litigation, and speedy resolution of disputes, among other perceived advantages. However, some have criticized these methods as taking away the right to seek redress of grievances in the
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705:, based on the factual questions of the case and the application law. The verdict of the court is binding, not advisory; however, both parties have the right to appeal the judgment to a higher court. Judicial dispute resolution is typically adversarial in nature, for example, involving antagonistic parties or opposing interests seeking an outcome most favorable to their position.
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provides resolutions for many different types of disputes. Some disputants will not reach agreement through a collaborative process. Some disputes need the coercive power of the state to enforce a resolution. Perhaps more importantly, many people want a professional advocate when they become involved
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The most common form of judicial dispute resolution is litigation. Litigation is initiated when one party files suit against another. In the United States, litigation is facilitated by the government within federal, state, and municipal courts. While litigation is often used to resolve disputes, it
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as part of this spectrum, but dispute resolution practitioners do not usually do so; violence rarely ends disputes effectively, and indeed, often only escalates them. Also, violence rarely causes the parties involved in the dispute to no longer disagree on the issue that caused the violence. For
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example, a country successfully winning a war to annex part of another country's territory does not cause the former waring nations to no longer seriously disagree to whom the territory rightly belongs to and tensions may still remain high between the two nations.
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Sherwyn, David, Tracey, Bruce & Zev Eigen, "In
Defense of Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Disputes: Saving the Baby, Tossing out the Bath Water, and Constructing a New Sink in the Process", 2
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Retired judges or private lawyers often become arbitrators or mediators; however, trained and qualified non-legal dispute resolution specialists form a growing body within the field of
731:(ADR), that is, extrajudicial processes such as arbitration, collaborative law, and mediation used to resolve conflict and potential conflict between and among individuals,
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747:, suggesting that extrajudicial dispute resolution may not offer the fairest way for parties not in an equal bargaining relationship, for example in a dispute between a
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715:(ADR). In the United States, many states now have mediation or other ADR programs annexed to the courts, to facilitate settlement of lawsuits.
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Consensual processes, such as collaborative law, mediation, conciliation, or negotiation, in which the parties attempt to reach agreement.
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to settle disputes. Prominent private international courts, which adjudicate disputes between commercial private entities, include the
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in a dispute, particularly if the dispute involves perceived legal rights, legal wrongdoing, or threat of legal action against them.
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Dispute resolution is an important requirement in international trade, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.
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Alés, Javier y Mata, Juan Diego " manual práctico para mediadores: el misterio de la mediacion" éxito
Atelier. Barcelona 2016
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processes, such as litigation or arbitration, in which a judge, jury or arbitrator determines the outcome.
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disputes form a special area in dispute resolution studies.
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Dispute resolution processes fall into two major types:
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58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
19:For dispute resolution policies on Knowledge, see
1008:(Fifth Edition) by FITT, pages 301, 302 & 303
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1072:The Third Side: Why We Fight and How We Can Stop
1018:Lieberman, Jethro K.; Henry, James F. (1986).
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118:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Act of resolving disputes between parties
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601:Methods of dispute resolution include:
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975:What is Litigation: The Complete Guide
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410:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
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552:United Nations Human Rights Committee
1024:The University of Chicago Law Review
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838:Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2018).
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21:Knowledge:Dispute resolution
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881:Koremenos, Barbara (2007).
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1103:Interpersonal conflict
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521:. The term
467:Rule of man
462:Peacemaking
415:Game theory
293:Appeasement
209:Negotiation
175:Rule of law
150:Arbitration
141:Nonviolence
1092:Categories
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589:) and the
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651:or even
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556:ICCPR
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367:Other
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