684:, one of the first to apply phonetics to English speech, divided the county of Lancashire into four areas. Three of these four were considered North Midland in his categorisation of dialects, whereas the fourth (mostly the section that is in modern Cumbria, known as "Lancashire over the sands") was considered Northern. Dialect isoglosses in England seldom correspond to county boundaries, and an area of Lancashire could have a dialect more similar to an area of a neighbouring county than to a distant area of Lancashire.
394:
340:
641:
598:
27:
1960:(1907–1978) was an English poet who spent most of his working life as a weaver in cotton mills near his home in Clayton-le-Moors, Lancashire. He published five books of poetry, occasionally writing in Lancashire dialect, and won 15 awards including a gold medal presented by the president of the United Poets' Laureate International.
411:
357:
1940:(often known as Ben Brierley) (1825–1896) was a writer in Lancashire dialect; he wrote poems and a considerable number of stories of Lancashire life. He began to contribute articles to local papers in the 1850s and in 1863 he definitely took to journalism and literature, publishing in the same year his
2026:
has included articles on the Survey of
English Dialects and on the dialects of Germany, Switzerland and the United States. The society collected a library of publications relating to dialect studies which was kept at the John Rylands University Library of Manchester from 1974 onwards. This collection
1258:
surveyed 313 sites across
England, the Isle of Man and some bordering areas of Wales in the 1950s and early 1960s. The Survey recorded the dialect used in fourteen sites in Lancashire. These sites were mostly rural. A second phase, researching more urban areas, had been planned from the outset but
1999:
Dialect poets have occasionally appeared on the BBC since its establishment. Sam Smith featured on the radio in the 1920s. In the 2010s, BBC radio programmes analysed the
Manchester Ballads (which featured dialect) and reported on contemporary poets that kept the tradition of dialect poetry alive.
1918:
portrayed an unemployed handloom worker who would rather die as a soldier in a foreign war than starve at home. Vicinus argued that, after 1870, dialect writing declined in quality owing to "clichés and sentimentality". Writing in 1999, Shorrocks argues that "Many dialect writers nowadays cannot
1858:
specified a "Central
Lancashire" dialect region, defined particularly by its rhoticity, around Blackburn, Preston and the northern parts of Greater Manchester. He classified the county of Merseyside, excluding the St Helens borough and Southport as another dialect region, grouped most of Greater
412:
3132:
Ruano-García, Javier (2012). "Late Modern
Lancashire English in lexicographical context: representations of Lancashire speech and the English Dialect Dictionary: An investigation of how nineteenth-century Lancashire dialect literature contributed to Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary".
494:
manufactured worldwide was processed in
Lancashire. It was during this period that most writing in and about the dialect took place, when Lancashire covered a much larger area than it does today (at least from an administrative point of view—the historic county boundary remains unchanged). The
358:
526:
The linguist Gerard
Knowles noted that Lancashire dialect was still spoken in the city of Liverpool in 1830, before the period of mass immigration from Ireland that led the dialect of the city to change radically. Modern Liverpool speech is usually treated as a separate dialect, named
1834:
persists residually in some areas of
Lancashire, though non-rhoticity certainly characterises the more urban areas around Liverpool, Manchester or Wigan. Rhoticity in Lancashire has been increasingly giving way to non-rhoticity since the second half of the 20th
1919:
speak dialect, or cannot speak it in any convincing fashion, and much of what is written seems exhausted, poor, and, crucially, detached from living speech. Lancashire dialect writing, at least in the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, often drew on
1134:
A Glossary of the
Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale, North and South of the Sands, in the County of Lancaster; together with an essay on some leading characteristics of the dialects spoken in the six northern counties of England (ancient
410:
356:
2140:
Similarly, in music, the
Lancashire dialect is often used in regional folk songs. The folk song "Poverty Knock" is one of the best-known songs of such nature, describing life in a Lancashire cotton mill. The
1981:
was a Lancashire dialect author and BBC broadcaster. Born in Bury in 1880, he lived there all his life until his death in 1951. He published 16 books on Lancashire people and their communities, published by
1123:
The Dialect of South Lancashire, or Tom Bobbin's Tummus and Meary; with his rhymes and an enlarged glossary of words and phrases, chiefly used by the rural population of the manufacturing districts of South
3974:
1875:, was published in 2005; the author noted that the speech of Lancashire in 2005 differed markedly from "the impenetrable tracts of rural Lancastrian that the Survey of English Dialects found in the 1950s".
547:, has led to an expansion in the area in which Scouse is spoken, as the next generation acquired Scouse speech habits that often displaced the traditional Lancashire or Cheshire dialects of the area.
403:
2087:
contained a range of records in Lancashire dialect (as well as Cumberland and Westmorland dialect). The Archive closed owing to financial reasons in 2015, and its materials were relocated to the
349:
1908:
Graham Shorrocks wrote that Lancashire has been the county with the strongest tradition of dialect poetry since the mid-19th century. Many of these gave commentaries on the poverty of the
413:
359:
259:
207:, traditionally divided between the South Lancashire dialect (part of the Northwest Midlands group) on the one hand, and the North Lancashire dialect (of the Northern group) on the other.
3818:
2056:
have included content relating to the Lancashire dialect. R. G. Shepherd contributed many articles interesting both for their philosophy and their excursions into local dialect to
687:
Ellis expressly excluded the Scouse dialect of Liverpool from the areas below, although his Area 22 included some sites in modern Merseyside (e.g. Newton-le-Willows, Prescot).
585:
dialect, but this is a much less established distinction. Many of the dialect writers and poets in the 19th and early 20th century were from Manchester and surrounding towns.
41:
1859:
Manchester in the "Northwest Midlands" region, and grouped the non-rhotic northern parts of Lancashire in with Cumbria and most of Yorkshire in the "Central North" region.
1266:
and Peter Wright. The latter was a native of Fleetwood and wrote his PhD on the dialect, using his father as the principal informant. In 1981, Wright published a book
3573:"Dear Professor Brook, Ah'm fain t'tell thee as wi'n dun fer thee all yon books fer t'Lankysheer Dialect Society tha fotched ter t'University Library a while sin ..."--
3769:
2184:, but these sets are used here for comparisons with other articles on Knowledge. Ellis's equivalent was a system of letters as represented in early West Saxon speech.
2145:
is a band formed in 1975 that continues to sing in Lancashire dialect. In 1979, the Houghton Weavers presented a series on local folk music on BBC North West entitled
2014:
of 1861–65. He said, "It's fascinating how people turned to and used poetry, in their local languages, to express the impact events so far away were having on them."
2992:
Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2007). "A construction grammar account of possessive constructions in Lancashire dialect: some advantages and challenges".
275:
1692:
In addition, the Harwood area of Bolton, which had been a site in the Survey of English Dialects, was made into a site for the Europe-wide linguistic project
3646:
5031:
1650:
There were several other monographs written by dialectologists by Harold Orton's department at the University of Leeds, including some urban areas such as
5165:
The society was founded in 1951 at Manchester by George Leslie Brook, professor of English language and medieval English literature (The Journal, no. 10).
4971:
1883:
Academic analysis of the corpus of Lancashire dialect writing and poetry has continued into the 21st century. Areas of research include identifying the
3746:
3685:
3304:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3276:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3251:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
3226:
Shorrocks, Graham (1999). "Working-Class Literature in Working-Class Language: the North of England". In Hoenselaars, Ton; Buning, Marius (eds.).
558:
was written by the Barrovian William Robinson and included this area. As there was mass migration in the 19th century to Barrow-in-Furness from
3815:
1871:, undertook a survey of the speech of the country. The recordings are now available on the British Library's website. An accompanying book,
3715:
3169:
3110:
1685:
45:
2132:
used reconstructed Lancashire dialect from the early 19th century, based on the works of Samuel Bamford, who was portrayed in the film.
1259:
financial problems meant that this second phase never occurred and the Survey's coverage was mostly confined to rural parts of England.
1171:
Of these, only the works on Oldham and Adlington contain any phonetic notation, and this was in a slightly different code to the modern
5066:
4039:
1926:
The Lancashire Authors Association was founded in 1909 and still exists for writers in the dialect, producing an annual paper called
1986:. In 1950, he was awarded an honorary master's degree by Manchester University for his scholarly contribution to dialect literature.
2595:
1683:, conducted a series of research projects on the dialect of the Bolton area. These were consolidated into two linked books named
3790:
2553:
2010:
In November 2016, Simon Rennie from Exeter University announced his collection of Lancashire dialect poetry from the time of the
1975:(10 May 1831 – 14 June 1895), was an Irish Lancashire dialect writer from the 19th century who wrote in prose rather than verse.
5190:
550:
The area transferred in 1974 to modern Cumbria, known as "Lancashire over the sands", is sometimes also covered as in scope of
5116:
4901:
3921:
3355:
1706:, made some passing comments on Lancastrian speech (mostly on the southern parts of the county) in his 1982 series of books,
2964:
5180:
5136:
4209:
4094:
4617:
4001:
3379:
319:
4722:
3028:
1892:
1842:
are usually not post-aspirated (as they are in most other dialects) in the Pennine valleys, for example around Burnley.
3900:
3866:
3845:
3413:
2976:
2947:
2832:
2795:
2771:
2747:
2720:
2696:
2672:
2645:
2208:
67:
3996:
3979:
4521:
2460:
4769:
4565:
1172:
532:
309:
49:
5195:
5185:
5086:
4526:
4032:
3313:
3285:
3260:
3235:
2856:
2287:
5126:
4819:
4781:
2153:
2045:
and Teddy Ashton. The collection has been housed at public libraries across Lancashire, and was moved to the
1655:
4012:
5121:
4774:
4594:
4411:
4232:
3991:
3330:
264:
143:
3191:
McCauley, Larry (2001). ""Eawr Folk": Language, Class, and English Identity in Victorian Dialect Poetry".
1839:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1791:
1787:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1723:
954:
950:
808:
804:
800:
796:
735:
731:
695:
691:
4497:
4487:
4085:
4052:
4048:
3881:. Manchester: Whitethorn Press, 1975 (dedicated to "Lancastrians learning English as a second language")
1465:
1273:
The table below shows the sites as reported in Book 1 of the Survey's outputs for the northern counties.
652:
609:
5081:
4796:
4654:
4065:
3965:
3738:
2088:
1596:
1255:
4017:
3969:
5061:
4587:
4545:
4516:
4448:
4416:
4025:
3911:
2092:
1966:(1826–1893) was a dialect poet who recorded in verse the vernacular of the Lancashire cotton workers.
1083:
858:
1666:. These are now contained in the Archive of Vernacular Culture at the Brotherton Library in Leeds.
4786:
4740:
4639:
4612:
4577:
4472:
4343:
4009:("the Objects of the Society are the Maintaining and Increasing of Interest in Lancashire Dialect")
2084:
2011:
1978:
1763:, although (as in most of the North of England) many NURSE words are pronounced with a short schwa
1651:
1263:
1006:
ia in FACE words. eɪ in FLEECE words. aɪ in PRICE words. iʊ in GOOSE words. ʊu in MOUTH words.
741:
457:
4998:
4831:
4649:
4624:
3707:
2622:
1760:
1693:
932:
924:
148:
138:
128:
2424:
36:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
4913:
4891:
4695:
4392:
4361:
4239:
3426:
3170:"M. R. Lahee and the Lancashire Lads: Gender and Class in Victorian Lancashire Dialect Writing"
3066:
Hakala, Taryn (2010). "A Great Man in Clogs: Performing Authenticity in Victorian Lancashire".
2004:
1983:
1972:
1920:
4809:
3345:
5111:
4896:
4791:
4504:
4438:
4192:
4182:
4177:
2157:
1659:
1630:
1397:
1375:
1270:
that explained the dialects of Lancashire through a series of illustrations, often humorous.
1045:
504:
483:
420:
5104:
3816:
Folk's t'internet sensations – World music – Music – Entertainment – Manchester Evening News
3539:
3514:
4533:
4426:
4366:
4244:
4217:
4134:
3650:
2201:
Greater Manchester: a panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns
2046:
1831:
1009:
699:
681:
2540:
Survey of English Dialects: Volume 1 Basic Material, Six Northern Counties and Man: Part 1
2510:
Survey of English Dialects: Volume 1 Basic Material, Six Northern Counties and Man: Part 1
8:
5131:
4961:
4953:
4851:
4814:
4700:
4685:
4560:
4550:
4477:
4316:
3087:
2576:
2418:
2096:
1868:
1745:. This can be heard clearly in the pronunciation of the word 'roundabout' in these areas.
1574:
1251:
984:
976:
910:
862:
495:
administrative county was subject to significant boundary changes in 1974, which removed
461:
2445:
1737:
In southern parts of Lancashire such as the Bolton and Oldham areas, the MOUTH vowel is
5021:
4988:
4923:
4906:
4761:
4582:
4129:
3794:
3208:
3150:
3091:
3083:
3048:
3009:
2916:
2599:
2112:
2033:
is devoted to the study of Lancashire literature, history, traditions and dialect. The
1102:
A number of dialect glossaries were published in the 18th and 19th Centuries, often by
1041:
1029:
850:
783:
753:
582:
370:
133:
237:
5026:
5011:
4983:
4943:
4735:
4672:
4421:
4197:
4161:
3917:
3896:
3862:
3841:
3409:
3351:
3309:
3281:
3256:
3231:
3212:
3154:
3095:
3013:
2972:
2943:
2852:
2828:
2791:
2767:
2743:
2716:
2692:
2668:
2641:
2283:
2204:
2027:
was afterwards taken away and deposited at the Lancashire County Library in Preston.
1957:
1937:
1491:
1348:
1057:
1025:
1017:
870:
245:
4717:
3612:
2034:
486:
as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred
315:
5146:
5099:
5051:
4978:
4886:
4876:
4871:
4861:
4707:
4680:
4538:
4458:
4403:
4301:
4283:
4270:
4107:
4102:
3686:"Mike Leigh on Why His New Film About an 1819 Massacre Feels Eerily Relevant Today"
3200:
3142:
3075:
3052:
3040:
3001:
2142:
1626:
988:
980:
779:
551:
153:
581:
In recent years, some have also classified the speech of Manchester as a separate
5016:
4918:
4856:
4826:
4634:
4509:
4330:
4306:
4278:
4249:
4222:
4187:
4074:
3822:
3587:
2128:
2108:
2030:
1914:
1037:
1013:
694:
in other Northern and North Midland dialects but was actually a more centralised
120:
3613:"Lancashire Authors' Association Collection at the University of Bolton Library"
2969:
Structural-Functional Studies in English Grammar: In honour of Lachlan Mackenzie
531:. In the post-war era, migration to other towns in Merseyside, and also to the
5091:
5006:
4966:
4866:
4690:
4443:
4348:
4338:
4254:
4056:
2894:
2439:
2160:, have also used the Lancashire dialect in their work, particularly for humor.
2042:
2037:
was founded in Horwich in 1921 and contains dialect works by authors including
1992:
whose most famous poem was "Come whoam to thi childer an' me", written in 1856.
1963:
1855:
1817:
1127:
898:
189:
111:
3383:
3146:
3079:
3005:
2965:"Ditransitive clauses in English with special reference to Lancashire dialect"
2107:
Films from the early part of the 20th century, particularly those produced by
5174:
5141:
5056:
4712:
4629:
4570:
4482:
4433:
4311:
4293:
2181:
2116:
2007:
printed phrases from local dialect poems on stone-cube artworks in the area.
1909:
1699:
1540:
690:
Ellis often spoke of "the Lancashire U" in his work. This was similar to the
567:
563:
290:
277:
3492:
3470:
3448:
1995:
Michael Wilson of Manchester (1763–1840) and his sons Thomas and Alexander.
1755:
The lexical sets for NURSE and SQUARE are both realised with the same vowel
468:. The region is notable for its tradition of poetry written in the dialect.
48:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
4644:
4492:
4371:
4006:
3029:"Corpora and (the Need for) Other Methods in a Study of Lancashire Dialect"
2120:
1888:
1371:
1302:
1247:
1111:
Glossary of provincial words used in the neighbourhood of Ashton-under-Lyne
1049:
993:
928:
906:
894:
830:
540:
428:
3044:
2809:
Beal, Joan (2004). "English dialects in the North of England: phonology".
3204:
2177:
2038:
1989:
1951:, published more than 100 editions of "A View of the Lancashire Dialect".
1912:
at the time and occasional political sentiments: for example, the ballad
1103:
1075:
936:
773:
184:
3647:"North West Sound Archive set to close due to 'financial circumstances'"
640:
597:
258:
4555:
4047:
1703:
1566:
1079:
960:
918:
902:
890:
878:
854:
846:
834:
761:
749:
745:
544:
516:
500:
477:
465:
440:
424:
382:
366:
101:
923:
None. Ellis said that he considered including the Yorkshire sites of
4112:
2872:
1680:
1663:
1604:
1600:
1570:
1495:
1420:
1087:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1021:
972:
964:
842:
838:
826:
814:
575:
496:
487:
230:
218:
3770:"Houghton Weavers on 'Nu Folk', music critics and their long career"
2766:, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 365–66,
4139:
3960:
Lancashire Sings Again! songs & poems in the Lancashire dialect
1442:
1106:
who were interested in the old words retained in certain dialects.
968:
874:
769:
571:
327:
204:
1748:
In much of the area around Manchester, the GOOSE vowel is fronted
1241:
1117:
Glossary of provincial words used in the neighbourhood of Ormskirk
5076:
5071:
4881:
4227:
4154:
4149:
1544:
1517:
1325:
1141:
A Glossary of the Words and Phrases of Furness (North Lancashire)
1065:
1033:
882:
822:
559:
536:
512:
508:
507:
of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. At this time, the detached
323:
91:
2827:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 370,
2790:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 368,
2742:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 362,
2715:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 356,
2691:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 361,
2667:, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 359,
2640:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 358,
503:
with most of their surrounding conurbations to form part of the
4144:
4124:
2940:
Talking for Britain: A journey through the voices of our nation
1884:
1469:
886:
866:
818:
765:
757:
528:
520:
491:
939:
in this area, but decided to include them in area 24 instead.
3540:"'Forgotten' Lancashire dialects revealed in poetry research"
1873:
Talking for Britain: a journey through the voices of a nation
914:
2305:
The Lancashire Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
2262:
The Lancashire Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
574:
and nearby rural areas, it has (like Liverpool) developed a
1891:
of dialect words, and the relationship between dialect and
2280:
The Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
556:
The Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore
511:
and Cartmel (Lancashire over the Sands) were made part of
490:
and collieries and by the 1830s, approximately 85% of all
326:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3712:
Traditional & Folk Songs with lyrics & midi music
2813:(pp. 113-133). Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 127.
3111:"From Voice to Print: Lancashire Dialect Verse, 1800-70"
1147:
A Glossary of Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words and Phrases
192:(West Midlands and Northern dialects dependant on area)
4002:
Website dedicated to the poems and songs of Edwin Waugh
3852:
Lancashire Sings Again: a collection of original verses
3515:"Old Pendle dialect phrases to be put on cube artworks"
676:
3887:(no. 15, January 1966, contains an index to no. 1–14)
3347:
Dialect and Literature in the Long Nineteenth Century
365:
An example of a female with a non-rhotic accent from
3859:
Lancashire Evergreens: a hundred favourite old poems
2022:
The Lancashire Dialect Society was founded in 1951;
3879:
Just Sithabod: dialect verse from "Lancashire Life"
419:An example of a male with a non-rhotic accent from
3946:A Lancashire Mon: ballads, songs & recitations
3026:
2991:
2962:
2578:A Grammar of the Dialect of Farnworth and District
2444:. Darmstadt, G. Otto's hof-buchdruckerei. p.
2420:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Adlington (Lancashire)
2052:Various newspapers in Lancashire and the magazine
1846:
1159:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Adlington (Lancashire)
2733:
2731:
2658:
2656:
2111:, often contain Lancashire dialect: the films of
1887:of the dialect, methods of oral performance, the
576:dialect different from the surrounding rural area
5172:
1816:In the southern half of Lancashire, there is no
698:. In addition, the dialects he studied were all
16:Northern English vernacular native to Lancashire
2441:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Oldham (Lancashire)
1242:Survey of English Dialects and related research
1165:A Grammar Of The Dialect Of Oldham (Lancashire)
3299:
3297:
2971:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 83–102.
2728:
2653:
1903:
471:
4033:
3992:Completely Lanky – Lancashire dialect website
3885:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
3873:Nowt So Queer: new Lancashire verse and prose
3575:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
3328:Leaver, Eric. "Looms were mill poet's muse".
2542:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. pp. 20–25.
2537:
2512:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. pp. 21–22.
2507:
2024:The Journal of the Lancashire Dialect Society
1143:, RB Peacock, London Phil. Soc. Trans., 1869.
720:Areas of other counties in same dialect area
4391:
3997:Trouble at mill – Lancashire dialect website
3427:"SAM SMITH (Lancashire Dialect Entertainer)"
3131:
3108:
2623:"John Wells's phonetic blog: English places"
2317:Set out below in the Modern Research section
1867:In 2005 and 2006, the BBC, working with the
807:occurs in words such as "coal" and "hole".
3449:"Music Matters: Lancashire dialect in song"
3337:
3294:
3033:Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik
3027:Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2006).
2967:. In Hannay, Mike; Steen, Gerard J (eds.).
2963:Siewierska, Anna; Hollmann, Willem (2007).
2538:Orton, Harold; Halliday, Wilfrid J (1962).
2508:Orton, Harold; Halliday, Wilfrid J (1962).
1686:A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area
5067:Comparison of American and British English
4040:
4026:
4013:Website of Wigan dialect poems and phrases
3953:Golden Stream: Lancashire songs and rhymes
3836:Boardman, Harry & Lesley, eds. (1973)
3639:
3408:. Manchester: Manchester University Press
3306:English Literature and the Other Languages
3278:English Literature and the Other Languages
3253:English Literature and the Other Languages
3228:English Literature and the Other Languages
2416:
2273:
2271:
2076:as well as in "Mr. Manchester's diary" in
2017:
257:
3636:. Clapham, N. Yorks.: Dalesman; pp. 18–19
3534:
3532:
3334:(Blackburn). 8 February 1978. Front page.
3303:
3275:
3250:
3225:
2574:
2497:. Leeds: EJ Arnold & Son. p. 33.
2437:
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
4760:
3970:recordings from Lancashire (circa 1950s)
3890:
3793:. British Film Institute. Archived from
3683:
3190:
2846:
2495:Survey of English Dialects: Introduction
2277:
3322:
2825:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2788:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2764:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2740:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2713:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2689:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2665:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2638:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
2404:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2389:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2374:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2359:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2344:On Early English Pronunciation Volume V
2326:
2268:
2244:
2217:
2163:
671:
320:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5173:
3838:Folk Songs & Ballads of Lancashire
3767:
3736:
3529:
3343:
3167:
3065:
2522:
2329:Scouse: the urban dialect of Liverpool
2302:
2259:
2247:Scouse: the urban dialect of Liverpool
2235:Local Government Act 1972. 1972, c. 70
2229:
628:Lancashire uses rhotic pronunciation.
4021:
3909:
3749:from the original on 23 February 2014
3588:"The Lancashire Authors' Association"
3350:. Taylor & Francis. p. 110.
2937:
2822:
2785:
2761:
2737:
2710:
2686:
2662:
2635:
2620:
2492:
2458:
2452:
2401:
2386:
2371:
2356:
2341:
1947:John Collier, writing under the name
1714:In central Lancashire, words such as
1097:
811:in some FLEECE words (e.g. "speak").
5137:Non-native pronunciations of English
3718:from the original on 1 December 2008
3493:"Tongue and Talk: the Dialect Poets"
2895:"Where I live - Lancashire - Voices"
2461:"The Historiography of Dialectology"
2198:
1862:
1262:The fieldworkers for the sites were
677:Dialect division in the 19th century
635:
592:
20:
3931:
3745:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
3674:, Fred Holcroft, introduction, 1997
3592:The Lancashire Authors' Association
3564:. London: Andre Deutsch; pp. 156–57
2031:The Lancashire Authors' Association
1813:in other parts of Northern England.
423:, formerly part of Lancashire (now
263:Lancashire within England, showing
13:
3958:Kershaw, Mary & Harvey (1976)
3830:
3768:Barnes, Liam (27 September 2011).
3429:. 2ZY Manchester. 16 November 1926
2994:English Language & Linguistics
2811:A Handbook of Varieties of English
1954:Sam Fitton of Rochdale (1868–1923)
1893:social class in the United Kingdom
1679:Graham Shorrocks, a linguist from
1669:
1213:aɪː aːe eiː iːə ʊə ɔɪː ɔʊː uɪ ʊiː
458:Northern English vernacular speech
392:
338:
14:
5207:
3985:
3737:Barton, Laura (6 February 2008).
1878:
1809:of Received Pronunciation or the
1778:The final vowel in words such as
1233:aɪ eɪ ɪə aʊ ʊə ɛʊ ɛə ɔɪ ɔə uɪ ɪɛ
3955:. AK Records, Manchester AK 7813
3891:Holcroft, Fred (November 1997).
3705:
3684:Schindel, Daniel (4 July 2019).
3404:Hollingworth, Brian, ed. (1977)
3377:
2525:The Lanky Twang: How it is spoke
2417:Hargreaves, Karl Andrew (1904).
2035:Association’s library collection
1268:The Lanky Twang: How it is spoke
639:
596:
588:
439:Problems playing this file? See
408:
381:Problems playing this file? See
354:
25:
5159:
3975:20th Century Lancastrian speech
3948:. Topic Records, London 12TS236
3910:Elmes, Simon (September 2006).
3809:
3783:
3761:
3739:"Hear where you're coming from"
3730:
3699:
3677:
3665:
3626:
3605:
3580:
3567:
3554:
3507:
3485:
3463:
3441:
3419:
3398:
3382:. Gerald Massey. Archived from
3371:
3269:
3244:
3219:
3184:
3161:
3125:
3102:
3059:
3020:
2985:
2956:
2931:
2909:
2887:
2865:
2840:
2816:
2803:
2779:
2755:
2704:
2680:
2629:
2614:
2588:
2568:
2546:
2531:
2516:
2501:
2486:
2431:
2410:
2395:
2380:
2365:
2350:
2335:
2170:
2064:. Dialect has also featured in
1794:of most other English dialects.
1161:, Karl Andrew Hargreaves, 1904.
523:areas became part of Cheshire.
203:Different varieties within the
5087:English-based creole languages
3861:. Brierfield, Nelson: Gerrard
2596:"J C Wells - personal history"
2438:Schilling, Karl Georg (1906).
2402:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2387:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2372:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2357:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2342:Ellis, Alexander John (1889).
2320:
2311:
2296:
2282:. Smith Settle. p. xiii.
2253:
2238:
2192:
1689:, published in 1998 and 1999.
1674:
482:Lancashire emerged during the
1:
5191:Culture in Greater Manchester
5127:List of English-based pidgins
3980:Sound Comparisons: Rossendale
2621:Wells, John (16 March 2012).
2176:Ellis was writing before the
1969:Joseph Ramsbottom (1831–1901)
1167:, Karl Georg Schilling, 1906.
5122:Linguistic purism in English
3331:Lancashire Evening Telegraph
3109:Hollingworth, Brian (2013).
1933:Some dialect poets include:
1080:south and central Cumberland
738:for the present participle.
714:Distinctive characteristics
50:Knowledge's inclusion policy
7:
5181:English language in England
4223:London & Thames Estuary
4007:Edwin Waugh Dialect Society
3840:. London: Oak Publications
3542:. BBC News. 2 November 2016
2873:"BBC news archive - Voices"
2135:
2083:Between 1979 and 2015, the
2078:The Manchester Evening News
2074:The Lancashire Evening Post
2058:The West Lancashire Gazette
1904:Poetry and other literature
1340:Yes, not survey respondent
1210:aː ɑ: eː ɛː iː ɔ: uː oː əː
1119:, W Hawkstead Talbot, 1846.
472:Scope of Lancashire dialect
10:
5212:
5082:English as a lingua franca
3966:Survey of English Dialects
3871:Pomfret, Joan, ed. (1969)
3857:Pomfret, Joan, ed. (1969)
3854:. Rochdale: Harvey Kershaw
3495:. BBC Radio 4. 19 May 2018
3451:. BBC Radio 3. 21 May 2018
2575:Shorrocks, Graham (1980).
2278:Robinson, William (1997).
2102:
2089:Manchester Central Library
1898:
1256:Survey of English Dialects
631:
475:
5062:Broad and general accents
5044:
4997:
4972:regional and occupational
4952:
4939:
4932:
4844:
4805:
4753:
4731:
4671:
4603:
4468:
4457:
4402:
4384:
4357:
4329:
4292:
4269:
4208:
4170:
4093:
4084:
4073:
4064:
3517:. BBC News. 15 April 2011
3147:10.1017/S0266078412000405
3088:10.2979/VIC.2010.52.3.387
3080:10.2979/VIC.2010.52.3.387
3006:10.1017/S1360674307002304
2554:"Student Research Papers"
2093:Liverpool Central Library
1285:Date survey administered
306:
271:
256:
244:
228:
216:
211:
199:
177:
117:
107:
97:
87:
82:
3473:. BBC One. 9 August 2014
2942:. Penguin. p. 177.
2847:Trudgill, Peter (2000).
2327:Knowles, Gerard (1973).
2245:Knowles, Gerard (1973).
2085:North West Sound Archive
2012:Lancashire Cotton Famine
1759:. This is known as the
1722:are pronounced with the
1448:29 March – 3 April 1954
803:in GOAT words, although
702:at the time of writing.
3962:. Topic Records 12TS302
3951:Boardman, Harry (1978)
3944:Boardman, Harry (1973)
3941:. Topic Records 12TS356
3895:. London: Abson Books.
3850:Kershaw, Harvey (1958)
3821:25 October 2007 at the
2849:The Dialects of England
2823:Wells, John C. (1982),
2786:Wells, John C. (1982),
2762:Wells, John C. (1982),
2738:Wells, John C. (1982),
2711:Wells, John C. (1982),
2687:Wells, John C. (1982),
2663:Wells, John C. (1982),
2636:Wells, John C. (1982),
2062:The Fleetwood Chronicle
2018:Organizations and media
1848:The Dialects of England
1694:Atlas Linguarum Europae
1588:Yes, survey respondent
1558:Yes, survey respondent
1509:Yes, survey respondent
1483:Yes, survey respondent
1434:Yes, survey respondent
1412:Yes, survey respondent
1389:Yes, survey respondent
1363:Yes, survey respondent
1351:, modern south Cumbria
1328:, modern south Cumbria
947:Northern North Midland
728:Southern North Midland
4240:Received Pronunciation
3791:"Sit Thi Deawn (1979)"
3308:. Rodopi. p. 93.
3280:. Rodopi. p. 95.
3255:. Rodopi. p. 89.
3230:. Rodopi. p. 90.
3174:Philological Quarterly
3168:Hakala, Taryn (2012).
3115:Philological Quarterly
2897:. BBC. 28 October 2014
2523:Wright, Peter (1981),
2493:Orton, Harold (1962).
2203:. Myriad. p. 13.
2154:the Lancashire Hotpots
2005:Pendle Borough Council
1984:George Allen and Unwin
1973:Margaret Rebecca Lahee
1942:Chronicles of Waverlow
1801:is usually pronounced
1308:28 June – 1 July 1955
1153:A Blegburn Dickshonary
793:Western North Midland
397:
343:
308:This article contains
5196:Culture in Merseyside
5186:Culture in Lancashire
4434:Multicultural Toronto
3632:Wright, Peter (1976)
3045:10.1515/zaa-2006-0210
2938:Elmes, Simon (2005).
2556:. University of Leeds
2527:, Lancaster: Dalesman
2459:Frees, Craig (1991).
2303:Crosby, Alan (2000).
2264:. pp. xviii–xix.
2260:Crosby, Alan (2000).
2199:Gibb, Robert (2005).
1331:28 May – 6 June 1954
1288:Number of informants
1230:aː eː iː ɔ: uː oː ɜː
784:north-west Derbyshire
505:metropolitan counties
484:Industrial Revolution
396:
342:
4595:Western Pennsylvania
3651:Lancashire Telegraph
3560:Brook, G. L. (1963)
3471:"Flog it! Blackburn"
3205:10.1353/vp.2001.0014
2164:Notes and references
2047:University of Bolton
1775:in non-rhotic areas.
1474:16–23 February 1954
1425:1954 intermittently
1294:Tape recording made
1137:, JC Atkinson, 1869.
1010:Broughton-in-Furness
717:Sites in Lancashire
708:Dialect area number
682:Alexander John Ellis
672:History and research
291:53.80000°N 2.60000°W
5132:Mid-Atlantic accent
4723:Trinidad and Tobago
3937:Aspey, Vera (1976)
3913:Talking for Britain
3406:Songs of the People
3344:Hodson, J. (2017).
2406:. pp. 537–637.
2391:. pp. 351–363.
2376:. pp. 329–351.
2361:. pp. 315–329.
2123:are some examples.
2097:Lancashire Archives
1921:Lancashire folklore
1869:University of Leeds
1820:, so words such as
1761:square–nurse merger
1609:19–23 January 1952
1523:24–29 January 1952
1252:University of Leeds
1149:, H Cunliffe, 1886.
1113:, Mr. Barnes, 1846.
1088:northwest Yorkshire
780:north-east Cheshire
287: /
4655:Pennsylvania Dutch
3893:Lancashire English
3672:Lancashire English
3653:. 22 December 2014
3634:Lancashire Dialect
2602:on 5 December 2008
2223:George, D. (1991)
2070:The Leigh Reporter
2066:The Bolton Journal
1708:Accents of English
1305:, west Lancashire
1098:Dialect glossaries
711:Dialect area name
651:. You can help by
608:. You can help by
452:(or colloquially,
450:Lancashire dialect
398:
371:Jeanette Winterson
344:
296:53.80000; -2.60000
159:Lancashire dialect
144:North Sea Germanic
83:Lancashire dialect
5155:
5154:
5040:
5039:
4840:
4839:
4749:
4748:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4588:Pacific Northwest
4449:Standard Canadian
4380:
4379:
4325:
4324:
4265:
4264:
3923:978-0-14-102277-2
3875:. Nelson: Gerrard
3797:on 16 August 2017
3577:, no. 23, pp. 3–4
3357:978-1-317-15148-7
3068:Victorian Studies
2919:. British Library
2468:Lore and Language
2049:Library in 2021.
1958:Nicholas Freeston
1938:Benjamin Brierley
1863:BBC Voices Survey
1702:, who grew up in
1648:
1647:
1635:20–25 April 1955
1579:11–17 March 1954
1445:, near Liverpool
1403:23–26 March 1954
1354:20–25 April 1955
1239:
1238:
1204:Hargreaves, 1904
1093:
1092:
1058:Newton-in-Furness
953:in MOUTH words.
871:Newton-le-Willows
734:in MOUTH words.
669:
668:
626:
625:
509:Furness Peninsula
414:
360:
334:
333:
316:rendering support
312:phonetic symbols.
78:
77:
70:
5203:
5166:
5163:
5052:English language
4937:
4936:
4758:
4757:
4741:Falkland Islands
4640:General American
4613:African-American
4466:
4465:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4388:
4091:
4090:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4070:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4019:
4018:
3932:Sound recordings
3927:
3906:
3825:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3584:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3562:English Dialects
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3386:on 12 April 2008
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3341:
3335:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3193:Victorian Poetry
3188:
3182:
3181:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2598:. Archived from
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2196:
2185:
2174:
2143:Houghton Weavers
1841:
1812:
1808:
1805:rather than the
1804:
1793:
1790:rather than the
1789:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1500:8–13 April 1954
1276:
1275:
1224:Schilling, 1906
1207:a ɑ e ɪ ɔ ʊ o ə
1178:
1177:
1155:, J Baron, 1891.
981:Poulton-le-Fylde
957:in PRICE words.
956:
952:
810:
806:
802:
799:in FACE words.
798:
737:
733:
705:
704:
697:
693:
664:
661:
643:
636:
621:
618:
600:
593:
552:Cumbrian dialect
456:) refers to the
416:
415:
395:
362:
361:
341:
302:
301:
299:
298:
297:
292:
288:
285:
284:
283:
280:
261:
252:
240:
221:
123:
80:
79:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
29:
28:
21:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5036:
4993:
4948:
4928:
4836:
4832:Solomon Islands
4801:
4745:
4727:
4659:
4650:New York Latino
4625:American Indian
4605:
4599:
4460:
4453:
4394:
4376:
4362:Channel Islands
4353:
4321:
4288:
4261:
4204:
4166:
4076:
4060:
4046:
3988:
3934:
3924:
3903:
3833:
3831:Further reading
3828:
3823:Wayback Machine
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3708:"Poverty Knock"
3704:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3342:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3224:
3220:
3189:
3185:
3166:
3162:
3130:
3126:
3107:
3103:
3064:
3060:
3025:
3021:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2634:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2536:
2532:
2521:
2517:
2506:
2502:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2436:
2432:
2415:
2411:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2366:
2355:
2351:
2340:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2276:
2269:
2258:
2254:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2138:
2109:Mancunian Films
2105:
2054:Lancashire Life
2020:
2003:In April 2011,
1979:Thomas Thompson
1915:Jone o Grinfilt
1906:
1901:
1881:
1865:
1852:
1838:The consonants
1677:
1672:
1670:Modern research
1549:3–7 March 1954
1400:, near Chorley
1380:21–25 May 1954
1244:
1100:
1038:High Nibthwaite
1014:Cark-in-Cartmel
679:
674:
665:
659:
656:
649:needs expansion
634:
622:
616:
613:
606:needs expansion
591:
554:: for example,
480:
474:
446:
445:
437:
435:
434:
433:
432:
417:
409:
406:
399:
393:
388:
387:
379:
377:
376:
375:
374:
363:
355:
352:
345:
339:
314:Without proper
295:
293:
289:
286:
281:
278:
276:
274:
273:
267:
250:
236:
217:
195:
180:
173:
124:
121:Language family
119:
74:
63:
57:
54:
40:Please help by
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5209:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5092:Englishisation
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4999:Southeast Asia
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4914:South Atlantic
4911:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4766:
4764:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4696:Cayman Islands
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4609:
4607:
4606:ethno-cultural
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4397:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4198:Stoke-on-Trent
4195:
4190:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4057:Modern English
4045:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3986:External links
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3907:
3901:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3855:
3848:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3808:
3782:
3760:
3729:
3698:
3676:
3664:
3638:
3625:
3604:
3579:
3566:
3553:
3528:
3506:
3484:
3462:
3440:
3418:
3397:
3370:
3356:
3336:
3321:
3314:
3293:
3286:
3268:
3261:
3243:
3236:
3218:
3199:(2): 287–300.
3183:
3160:
3124:
3101:
3074:(3): 387–412.
3058:
3039:(2): 203–216.
3019:
3000:(2): 407–424.
2984:
2977:
2955:
2948:
2930:
2908:
2886:
2864:
2857:
2839:
2833:
2815:
2802:
2796:
2778:
2772:
2754:
2748:
2727:
2721:
2703:
2697:
2679:
2673:
2652:
2646:
2628:
2613:
2587:
2567:
2545:
2530:
2515:
2500:
2485:
2451:
2430:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2319:
2310:
2307:. p. xiv.
2295:
2288:
2267:
2252:
2237:
2228:
2216:
2209:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2137:
2134:
2126:The 2018 film
2104:
2101:
2043:Samuel Laycock
2019:
2016:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:Samuel Laycock
1961:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1880:
1879:Other research
1877:
1864:
1861:
1856:Peter Trudgill
1851:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1818:NG-coalescence
1814:
1795:
1776:
1771:is pronounced
1753:
1746:
1735:
1726:vowel, giving
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:Stanley Ellis
1639:
1636:
1633:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:Stanley Ellis
1583:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:Stanley Ellis
1553:
1550:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:, Fylde coast
1515:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:Stanley Ellis
1504:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:Stanley Ellis
1478:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:Stanley Ellis
1452:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:Stanley Ellis
1407:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:Stanley Ellis
1384:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:Stanley Ellis
1358:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:Stanley Ellis
1335:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:Stanley Ellis
1312:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:a e ɪ ɔ ʊ o ə
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1128:Samuel Bamford
1120:
1114:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1072:
1007:
1004:
1003:West Northern
1001:
997:
996:
991:
958:
948:
945:
941:
940:
921:
899:Walton-le-Dale
812:
794:
791:
787:
786:
776:
739:
729:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
678:
675:
673:
670:
667:
666:
646:
644:
633:
630:
624:
623:
603:
601:
590:
587:
476:Main article:
473:
470:
462:English county
436:
418:
407:
404:Speech example
402:
401:
400:
391:
390:
389:
378:
364:
353:
350:Speech example
348:
347:
346:
337:
336:
335:
332:
331:
318:, you may see
304:
303:
269:
268:
265:ancient extent
262:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
234:
226:
225:
222:
214:
213:
212:Language codes
209:
208:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
190:Middle English
183:
181:
178:
175:
174:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
127:
125:
118:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
88:Native to
85:
84:
76:
75:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5208:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:International
5110:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:Torres Strait
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4527:North-Central
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4505:New York City
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Ottawa Valley
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4233:Multicultural
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Black Country
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:West Midlands
4181:
4179:
4178:East Midlands
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:The Blackbird
3936:
3935:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3902:0-902920-97-9
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:0-900397-02-0
3864:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:0-86001-027-9
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3771:
3764:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3629:
3614:
3608:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3570:
3563:
3557:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3516:
3510:
3494:
3488:
3472:
3466:
3450:
3444:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3414:0-7190-0612-0
3411:
3407:
3401:
3385:
3381:
3380:"Edwin Waugh"
3374:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3180:(2): 271–288.
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3135:English Today
3128:
3121:(2): 289–313.
3120:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2978:9789027292599
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2949:0-14-051562-3
2945:
2941:
2934:
2918:
2912:
2896:
2890:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2834:0-521-29719-2
2830:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2797:0-521-29719-2
2793:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2773:0-521-29719-2
2769:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2749:0-521-29719-2
2745:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2722:0-521-29719-2
2718:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2698:0-521-29719-2
2694:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2674:0-521-29719-2
2670:
2666:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2647:0-521-29719-2
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2584:. p. 35.
2580:
2579:
2571:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2353:
2346:. p. 10.
2345:
2338:
2331:. p. 18.
2330:
2323:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2256:
2249:. p. 17.
2248:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2210:1-904736-86-6
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2182:John C. Wells
2179:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2147:Sit thi deawn
2144:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:Gracie Fields
2114:
2113:George Formby
2110:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:working class
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1854:The linguist
1849:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1736:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:John C. Wells
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:Peter Wright
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:Peter Wright
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:Peter Wright
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:Stanley Ellis
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:Short vowels
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
959:
949:
946:
943:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
730:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
701:
688:
685:
683:
663:
654:
650:
647:This section
645:
642:
638:
637:
629:
620:
611:
607:
604:This section
602:
599:
595:
594:
589:Pronunciation
586:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:Black Country
565:
564:Staffordshire
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
479:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
442:
430:
426:
422:
405:
386:
384:
372:
368:
351:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
305:
300:
272:Coordinates:
270:
266:
260:
255:
251:en-u-sd-gblan
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
233:
232:
227:
223:
220:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
191:
188:
187:
186:
182:
176:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:Anglo-Frisian
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:West Germanic
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
129:Indo-European
126:
122:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
81:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
43:
37:
34:This article
32:
23:
22:
19:
5161:
4897:South Africa
4892:Sierra Leone
4645:Miami Latino
4534:Philadelphia
4522:Inland North
4427:Newfoundland
4245:West Country
4119:
4059:by continent
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3912:
3892:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3858:
3851:
3837:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:the original
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3763:
3753:21 September
3751:. Retrieved
3743:The Guardian
3742:
3732:
3722:21 September
3720:. Retrieved
3711:
3701:
3689:. Retrieved
3679:
3671:
3667:
3657:26 September
3655:. Retrieved
3641:
3633:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3591:
3582:
3574:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3519:. Retrieved
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3421:
3416:; pp. 151–56
3405:
3400:
3390:21 September
3388:. Retrieved
3384:the original
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3346:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3305:
3277:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3227:
3221:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3036:
3032:
3022:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2968:
2958:
2939:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2917:"BBC Voices"
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2867:
2848:
2842:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2787:
2781:
2763:
2757:
2739:
2712:
2706:
2688:
2682:
2664:
2637:
2631:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2590:
2577:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2548:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2467:
2454:
2440:
2433:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2279:
2261:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2178:lexical sets
2172:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2127:
2125:
2121:Frank Randle
2106:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1913:
1907:
1889:lexicography
1882:
1872:
1866:
1853:
1847:
1825:
1821:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1768:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1649:
1372:Dolphinholme
1303:Bickerstaffe
1291:Fieldworker
1272:
1267:
1261:
1248:Harold Orton
1245:
1196:Triphthongs
1190:Long vowels
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1135:Northumbria)
1133:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:philologists
1101:
1094:
1084:south Durham
1050:Lower Holker
929:Huddersfield
907:Westhoughton
895:Skelmersdale
831:Colne Valley
689:
686:
680:
660:January 2023
657:
653:adding to it
648:
627:
617:January 2023
614:
610:adding to it
605:
580:
555:
549:
541:Skelmersdale
525:
481:
453:
449:
447:
438:
429:Johnny Vegas
380:
307:
229:
158:
64:
58:January 2023
55:
42:spinning off
35:
18:
5022:Philippines
4815:New Zealand
4701:Bay Islands
4681:The Bahamas
4604:Social and
4561:New Orleans
4478:New England
4372:Isle of Man
4317:Port Talbot
4218:East Anglia
4135:Northumbria
3916:. Penguin.
3363:12 November
2478:11 February
2180:devised by
2039:Edwin Waugh
1990:Edwin Waugh
1786:is a short
1675:Bolton area
1193:Diphthongs
1076:Westmorland
994:Isle of Man
937:Saddleworth
774:Stalybridge
535:created at
322:instead of
294: /
185:Old English
179:Early forms
5175:Categories
4962:Bangladesh
4954:South Asia
4907:Cape Flats
4857:The Gambia
4782:Aboriginal
4618:vernacular
4583:California
4556:High Tider
4551:Appalachia
4412:Aboriginal
4344:South-West
4188:Birmingham
4145:Sunderland
4130:Manchester
4120:Lancashire
3801:25 January
3775:25 January
3691:19 January
3546:19 January
3521:25 January
3499:25 January
3477:25 January
3455:25 January
3433:25 January
3315:9042007842
3287:9042007842
3262:9042007842
3237:9042007842
2923:25 January
2901:25 January
2879:25 January
2858:0631218157
2560:19 January
2474:(2): 71–72
2423:. p.
2289:1858250668
2225:Lancashire
2095:, and the
1949:Tim Bobbin
1928:The Record
1704:Up Holland
1660:St. Helens
1597:Thistleton
1569:, between
1567:Ribchester
1201:Adlington
1184:Reference
1124:Lancashire
961:Abbeystead
919:Worsthorne
903:Warrington
891:Samlesbury
879:Penwortham
855:Hoddlesden
847:Haslingden
835:Earlestown
762:Patricroft
750:Manchester
746:Failsworth
545:Warrington
517:Warrington
515:, and the
501:Manchester
488:mill towns
478:Lancashire
466:Lancashire
441:media help
425:Merseyside
383:media help
367:Accrington
102:Lancashire
46:relocating
5027:Singapore
4989:Sri Lanka
4944:Hong Kong
4770:variation
4762:Australia
4673:Caribbean
4539:Baltimore
4422:Lunenburg
4367:Gibraltar
4284:Highlands
4162:Yorkshire
4125:Liverpool
3618:4 January
3597:4 January
3213:161328242
3155:144690041
3096:144071795
3014:122076268
2851:. Wiley.
2606:14 August
2158:St Helens
2152:The band
1832:Rhoticity
1797:The word
1681:Farnworth
1664:Southport
1656:Middleton
1631:Lancaster
1605:Blackpool
1601:the Fylde
1571:Blackburn
1496:Southport
1492:Marshside
1421:Fleetwood
1398:Eccleston
1376:Lancaster
1070:Ulverston
1062:Quernmore
1054:Morecambe
1046:Lancaster
1022:Cockerham
989:Wyresdale
973:Goosnargh
965:Blackpool
843:Halliwell
839:Farington
827:Clitheroe
815:Blackburn
778:Parts of
583:Mancunian
533:new towns
497:Liverpool
421:St Helens
279:53°48′0″N
231:Glottolog
219:ISO 639-3
108:Ethnicity
5147:Standard
5117:Learning
5105:Nerrière
5096:Globish
5012:Malaysia
4984:Pakistan
4924:Zimbabwe
4852:Cameroon
4686:Barbados
4417:Atlantic
4385:Americas
4302:Abercraf
4271:Scotland
4250:Cornwall
4171:Midlands
4155:Teesside
4150:Tyneside
4140:Pitmatic
4103:Cheshire
4049:Dialects
3819:Archived
3747:Archived
3716:Archived
2136:In music
2129:Peterloo
1835:century.
1767:so that
1443:Halewood
1349:Coniston
1181:Dialect
1026:Coniston
969:Garstang
875:Ormskirk
770:Rochdale
572:Scotland
328:Help:IPA
282:2°36′0″W
238:lanc1236
205:dialects
200:Dialects
134:Germanic
5077:Engrish
5072:E-Prime
5045:Related
5032:Vietnam
5017:Myanmar
4887:Nigeria
4882:Namibia
4872:Liberia
4754:Oceania
4736:Bermuda
4708:Jamaica
4635:Chicano
4473:Midland
4459:United
4395:America
4331:Ireland
4307:Cardiff
4279:Glasgow
4228:Cockney
4108:Cumbria
4086:England
4077:Britain
4053:accents
3053:8615237
2156:, from
2103:In film
1899:Culture
1850:regions
1629:, near
1627:Yealand
1575:Preston
1545:Burnley
1543:, near
1518:Pilling
1468:, near
1466:Harwood
1374:, near
1326:Cartmel
1250:at the
1246:Led by
1221:Oldham
1130:, 1854.
1074:All of
1066:Skerton
1034:Heysham
985:Preston
977:Kirkham
933:Marsden
925:Halifax
911:Whalley
883:Prescot
863:Leyland
823:Burnley
632:Grammar
560:Ireland
537:Runcorn
513:Cumbria
460:of the
324:Unicode
112:English
92:England
5100:Gogate
5007:Brunei
4919:Uganda
4902:accent
4877:Malawi
4845:Africa
4820:accent
4775:accent
4718:Samaná
4691:Bequia
4510:accent
4483:Boston
4461:States
4444:Quebec
4404:Canada
4393:North
4349:Ulster
4339:Dublin
4255:Dorset
4113:Barrow
4075:Great
4066:Europe
3920:
3899:
3865:
3844:
3706:Anon.
3412:
3378:Anon.
3354:
3312:
3284:
3259:
3234:
3211:
3153:
3094:
3086:
3051:
3012:
2975:
2946:
2855:
2831:
2794:
2770:
2746:
2719:
2695:
2671:
2644:
2286:
2207:
1885:syntax
1828:rhyme.
1826:singer
1822:finger
1470:Bolton
1254:, the
1042:Hornby
1030:Dalton
887:Sabden
867:Mellor
851:Higham
819:Bolton
766:Royton
758:Oldham
754:Moston
700:rhotic
566:, the
529:Scouse
521:Widnes
492:cotton
154:Anglic
98:Region
5142:Plain
5057:Basic
4979:Nepal
4967:India
4867:Kenya
4862:Ghana
4827:Palau
4787:South
4630:Cajun
4571:Texas
4566:Older
4546:South
4517:North
4493:Maine
4312:Gower
4294:Wales
4210:South
4095:North
3209:S2CID
3151:S2CID
3141:(4).
3092:S2CID
3084:JSTOR
3049:S2CID
3010:S2CID
2875:. BBC
2582:(PDF)
2464:(PDF)
1840:p,t,k
1780:happy
1769:curse
1603:near
1599:, on
1488:La10
1462:La12
1439:La14
1394:La11
1299:La13
1282:Site
1279:Code
1018:Caton
915:Wigan
859:Leigh
454:Lanky
4933:Asia
4810:Fiji
4797:West
4713:Saba
4578:West
4498:West
4488:East
4051:and
3918:ISBN
3897:ISBN
3863:ISBN
3842:ISBN
3803:2020
3777:2020
3755:2009
3724:2009
3693:2020
3659:2015
3620:2022
3599:2022
3548:2020
3523:2020
3501:2020
3479:2020
3457:2020
3435:2020
3410:ISBN
3392:2009
3365:2019
3352:ISBN
3310:ISBN
3282:ISBN
3257:ISBN
3232:ISBN
2973:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2925:2020
2903:2020
2881:2020
2853:ISBN
2829:ISBN
2792:ISBN
2768:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2717:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2669:ISBN
2642:ISBN
2608:2008
2562:2020
2480:2018
2284:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2119:and
2072:and
2060:and
1824:and
1784:city
1782:and
1730:and
1728:kɔɪl
1720:hole
1718:and
1716:coal
1662:and
1652:Bury
1623:La3
1593:La7
1573:and
1563:La8
1541:Read
1537:La9
1514:La6
1417:La5
1368:La4
1345:La1
1322:La2
1216:aɪə
1086:and
935:and
782:and
742:Bury
543:and
519:and
499:and
448:The
246:IETF
4055:of
3201:doi
3143:doi
3076:doi
3041:doi
3002:doi
1923:.
1811:wʊn
1807:wʌn
1803:wɔn
1799:one
1773:kəs
1741:or
1732:ɔɪl
1644:No
1618:No
1532:No
1457:No
1317:No
1173:IPA
1000:31
944:23
790:22
736:ɪŋk
725:21
655:.
612:.
464:of
427:) (
310:IPA
44:or
5177::
3968::
3741:.
3714:.
3710:.
3649:.
3590:.
3531:^
3296:^
3207:.
3197:39
3195:.
3178:92
3176:.
3172:.
3149:.
3139:28
3137:.
3119:92
3117:.
3113:.
3090:.
3082:.
3072:52
3070:.
3047:.
3037:54
3035:.
3031:.
3008:.
2998:11
2996:.
2730:^
2655:^
2472:10
2470:.
2466:.
2446:15
2270:^
2149:.
2115:,
2099:.
2091:,
2080:.
2068:,
2041:,
1930:.
1895:.
1792:i:
1757:ɜ:
1750:ʏ:
1743:ʌʏ
1739:ɘʏ
1724:ɔɪ
1710:.
1696:.
1658:,
1654:,
1638:2
1612:4
1582:4
1552:2
1526:3
1503:4
1494:,
1477:2
1451:3
1428:4
1406:3
1383:3
1357:2
1334:3
1311:2
1175:.
1126:,
1082:,
1078:,
1068:,
1064:,
1060:,
1056:,
1052:,
1048:,
1044:,
1040:,
1036:,
1032:,
1028:,
1024:,
1020:,
1016:,
1012:,
987:,
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
967:,
963:,
955:ɑɪ
951:aʊ
931:,
927:,
917:,
913:,
909:,
905:,
901:,
897:,
893:,
889:,
885:,
881:,
877:,
873:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
841:,
837:,
833:,
829:,
825:,
821:,
817:,
809:ɛɪ
805:ɔɪ
801:ʊə
797:eː
772:,
768:,
764:,
760:,
756:,
752:,
748:,
744:,
732:ɐʏ
696:ʊ̈
578:.
570:,
562:,
539:,
431:).
373:).
4041:e
4034:t
4027:v
3926:.
3905:.
3805:.
3779:.
3757:.
3726:.
3695:.
3661:.
3622:.
3601:.
3550:.
3525:.
3503:.
3481:.
3459:.
3437:.
3394:.
3367:.
3318:.
3290:.
3265:.
3240:.
3215:.
3203::
3157:.
3145::
3098:.
3078::
3055:.
3043::
3016:.
3004::
2981:.
2952:.
2927:.
2905:.
2883:.
2861:.
2625:.
2610:.
2564:.
2482:.
2448:.
2427:.
2425:2
2292:.
2213:.
1944:.
1788:ɪ
1765:ə
1752:.
1734:.
692:ʊ
662:)
658:(
619:)
615:(
443:.
385:.
369:(
330:.
224:–
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
52:.
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
