4584:
4546:
1907:
6052:
4186:
6110:
11032:
being attacked by the PKK or refuse and be forcibly evacuated from their communities. Evacuations were unlawful and violent. Security forces would surround a village using helicopters, armored vehicles, troops, and village guards, and burn stored produce, agricultural equipment, crops, orchards, forests, and livestock. They set fire to houses, often giving the inhabitants no opportunity to retrieve their possessions. During the course of such operations, security forces frequently abused and humiliated villagers, stole their property and cash, and ill-treated or tortured them before herding them onto the roads and away from their former homes. The operations were marked by scores of "disappearances" and extrajudicial executions. By the mid-1990s, more than 3,000 villages had been virtually wiped from the map, and, according to official figures, 378,335 Kurdish villagers had been displaced and left homeless.
4789:
3132:
6183:
2200:
8951:, compiled and edited by Peter Alford Andrews with RĂŒdiger Benninghaus . Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwich Reichert, 1989, pp. 613â21. excerpt: "The ethnic label "Kurd" is first encountered in Arabic sources from the first centuries of the Islamic era; it seemed to refer to a specific variety of pastoral nomadism, and possibly to a set of political units, rather than to a linguistic group: once or twice, "Arabic Kurds" are mentioned. By the 10th century, the term appears to denote nomadic and/or transhumant groups speaking an Iranian language and mainly inhabiting the mountainous areas to the South of Lake Van and Lake Urmia, with some offshoots in the Caucasus. ... If there was a Kurdish-speaking subjected peasantry at that time, the term was not yet used to include them."
3531:
6079:
6163:
4897:
4714:, the prohibition of businesses that do not have Arabic names, the prohibition of Kurdish private schools, and the prohibition of books and other materials written in Kurdish. Having been denied the right to Syrian nationality, around 300,000 Kurds have been deprived of any social rights, in violation of international law. As a consequence, these Kurds are in effect trapped within Syria. In March 2011, in part to avoid further demonstrations and unrest from spreading across Syria, the Syrian government promised to tackle the issue and grant Syrian citizenship to approximately 300,000 Kurds who had been previously denied the right.
3121:
5898:
6140:
5064:
5104:
6198:
1895:
4676:
4479:
599:
399:
6091:
519:
6128:
6064:
317:
338:
277:
4909:
499:
3784:
2713:
5345:
16651:
7573:
extant
Kurdish texts may be traced back to no earlier than the 16th century CE." Ludwig Paul further states: "Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition of at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue of the 'Kurdish language,' it is therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."
579:
359:
218:
3686:
66:
16661:
6213:
5294:
539:
379:
5466:
5184:
559:
459:
419:
2991:
5949:, it has been determined that the Kurdish groups are most closely related to West Asians and the furthest to Central Asians. Among the European and Caucasian groups, Kurds were found to be closer to Europeans than Caucasians when considering mtDNA, and the opposite was true for Y chromosome. This indicates a difference in maternal and paternal origins of Kurdish groups. According to the study, Kurdish groups in Georgia went through a
439:
119:
479:
2318:
2811:
179:
2853:
15531:
5612:
199:
7627:"Kurdish Nationalism and Competing Ethnic Loyalties", Original English version of: "Nationalisme kurde et ethnicitĂ©s intra-kurdes", Peuples MĂ©diterranĂ©ens no. 68â69 (1994), 11â37. Excerpt: "This view was criticised by the linguist D. N. MacKenzie, according to whom there are but few linguistic features that all Kurdish dialects have in common and that are not at the same time found in other Iranian languages."
159:
139:
257:
297:
237:
16671:
5790:
5772:
3348:
744:
16681:
5242:
9669:, p. 40 "The Safavi house originally was among the landowning nobility of Kurdish origin, with affinity to the Ahl-e Haqq in Kurdistan (chart 1). In the twelfth century, the family settled in northeastern Azarbaijan, where Safi al-Din Ardabili (d. 1334), the patriarch of the Safavid house and Ismail's ancestor dating back six generations, was a revered Sufi leader."
3870:
5272:, with its characteristic I-shaped hilt, and oblong blade. Generally, these possess double-edged blades, reinforced with a central ridge, a wooden, leather or silver decorated scabbard, and a horn hilt, furthermore they are often still worn decoratively by older men. Swords were made as well. Most of these blades in circulation stem from the 19th century.
3190:, 10 years later, that the dynasty would once again be led by an adept ruler. By this time however, the Qajars had already progressed greatly, having taken a number of Zand territories. Lotf Ali Khan made multiple successes before ultimately succumbing to the rivaling faction. Iran and all its Kurdish territories would hereby be incorporated in the
6996:
13027:
4576:("Spoils of War"). The Anfal campaign led to destruction of over two thousand villages and killing of 182,000 Kurdish civilians. The campaign included the use of ground offensives, aerial bombing, systematic destruction of settlements, mass deportation, firing squads, and chemical attacks, including the most infamous attack on the Kurdish town of
5175:(singers) and çßrokbĂȘj (tellers) were silenced, and many of the stories had become endangered. In 1991, the language was decriminalized, yet the now highly available radios and TV's had as an effect a diminished interest in traditional storytelling. However, a number of writers have made great strides in the preservation of these tales.
3620:, who seem to agree with the official Turkish position, argue that while some level of Kurdish cultural, social, political and ideological heterogeneity may exist, the Kurdish community has long thrived over the centuries as a generally peaceful and well-integrated part of Turkish society, with hostilities erupting only in recent years.
4695:'s population, a total of around 1.6 million people. This makes them the largest ethnic minority in the country. They are mostly concentrated in the northeast and the north, but there are also significant Kurdish populations in Aleppo and Damascus. Kurds often speak Kurdish in public, unless all those present do not. According to
13001:
5198:, in the Kurdistan Province. Because of the unique way in which the Bijar rugs are woven, they are very stout and durable, hence their appellation as the 'Iron Rugs of Persia'. Exhibiting a wide variety, the Bijar rugs have patterns ranging from floral designs, medallions and animals to other ornaments. They generally have two
3802:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. Many people who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. The Kurds are still not allowed to get a primary education in their mother tongue and they do not have a right to self-determination, even though Turkey has signed the
9674:, p. 39: "The Safavid Shahs who ruled Iran between 1501 and 1722 descended from Sheikh Safi ad-Din of Ardabil (1252â1334). Sheikh Safi and his immediate successors were renowned as holy ascetics Sufis. Their own origins were obscure; probably of Kurdish or Iranian extraction, they later claimed descent from the Prophet."
2663:. He found it heavily fortified, and guarded by three legions and a large body of Kurdish archers. After a long and hard-fought siege, Shapur II breached the walls, conquered the city and massacred all its defenders. Thereafter he had the strategically located city repaired, provisioned and garrisoned with his best troops.
5492:, details the story of Zare and her love for the shepherd Seydo, and the difficulties the two experience by the hand of the village elder. In 1948 and 1959, two documentaries were made concerning the Yezidi Kurds in Armenia. These were joint Armenian-Kurdish productions; with H. Koçaryan and Heciye Cindi teaming up for
2427:, most often these were in the form of individuals, and not as communities. However, in the 19th and 20th century various travel logs tell of Kurdish Christian tribes, as well as Kurdish Muslim tribes who had substantial Christian populations living amongst them. A significant number of these were allegedly originally
3701:, Kurds formed approximately 18% of the population in Turkey (approximately 14 million) in 2008. One Western source estimates that up to 25% of the Turkish population is Kurdish (approximately 18â19 million people). Kurdish sources claim there are as many as 20 or 25 million Kurds in Turkey. In 1980,
9649:, p. 18: "The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background, did not fit this pattern, although the stat they set up with the aid of Turkmen tribal forces of Eastern Anatolia closely resembled this division in its makeup. Yet, the Turk versus Tajik division was not impregnable."
7637:
the commonly accepted classification of the
Kurdish dialects is that of the late Prof. D. N. Mackenzie, the author of fundamental works in Kurdish dialectology (see Mackenzie 1961; idem 1961â1962; idem 1963a; idem 1981), who distinguished three groups of dialects: Northern, Central, and Southern."
6377:
A rough estimate in this edition gives populations of 14.3 million in Turkey, 8.2 million in Iran, about 5.6 to 7.4 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to approximately 28â30 million Kurds in
Kurdistan or in adjacent regions. The CIA estimates are as of August 2015 â
5863:
In later periods too, Kurdish rulers and their corresponding dynasties and emirates would leave their mark upon the land in the form mosques, castles and bridges, some of which have decayed, or have been (partly) destroyed in an attempt to erase the
Kurdish cultural heritage, such as the White Castle
4954:
during the 1960s. Successive periods of political and social turmoil in the region during the 1980s and 1990s brought new waves of
Kurdish refugees, mostly from Iran and Iraq under Saddam Hussein, came to Europe. In recent years, many Kurdish asylum seekers from both Iran and Iraq have settled in the
2332:
The
Iranian religion of Zoroastrianism has had a major influence on the Iranian culture, which Kurds are a part of, and has maintained some effect since the demise of the religion in the Middle Ages. The Iranian philosopher Sohrevardi drew heavily from Zoroastrian teachings. Ascribed to the teachings
7834:(London: Routledge, 1992), p. 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Azerbaijan (180,000), Armenia (50,000), Georgia (40,000), Kazakhstan (30,000), Kyrgyzstan (20,000), Uzbekistan (10,000), Tajikistan (3,000), Turkmenistan (50,000), Siberia (35,000), Krasnodar (20,000), Other (12,000) (total 410,000).
7636:
G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the
Caucasus, Vol.13, pp. 1â58, 2009: "The classification of the Kurdish dialects is not an easy task, despite the fact that there have been numerous attempts mostly by Kurdish authors to put them into a system. However, for the time being
6013:(1.1%) haplogroups were also present in lower proportions. Y-DNA haplogroup diversity were determined to be much lower among Georgian Kurds, as 5 haplogroups were discovered in total, where the dominant haplogroups were P1 (44%) and J-M172 (32%). The lowest Y-DNA haplogroup diversity was observed in
5843:
In the 12th and 13th centuries the
Ayyubid dynasty constructed many buildings throughout the Middle East, being influenced by their predecessors, the Fatimids, and their rivals, the Crusaders, whilst also developing their own techniques. Furthermore, women of the Ayyubid family took a prominent role
4268:
and the adjacent cities, unable to incorporate the southern
Iranian Kurdistan which fell inside the Anglo-American zone, and unable to attract the tribes outside Mahabad itself to the nationalist cause. As a result, when the Soviets withdrew from Iran in December 1946, government forces were able to
5150:
Storytellers would perform in front of an audience, sometimes consisting of an entire village. People from outside the region would travel to attend their narratives, and the storytellers themselves would visit other villages to spread their tales. These would thrive especially during winter, where
5024:
Kurdish culture is a legacy from the various ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society. As most other Middle
Eastern populations, a high degree of mutual influences between the Kurds and their neighbouring peoples are apparent. Therefore, in Kurdish culture elements of various other
4141:
was also robbed and assaulted. Rebels do not appear to have felt any sense of unity or solidarity with fellow Kurds. Kurdish insurgency and seasonal migrations in the late 1920s, along with long-running tensions between Tehran and Ankara, resulted in border clashes and even military penetrations in
3305:
after initiating an uprising in 1847 against the Ottomans to protect the current structures of the Kurdish principalities. Although his uprising is not classified as a nationalist one, his children played significant roles in the emergence and the development of Kurdish nationalism through the next
11031:
The local gendarmerie (soldiers who police rural areas) required villages to show their loyalty by forming platoons of "provisional village guards," armed, paid, and supervised by the local gendarmerie post. Villagers were faced with a frightening dilemma. They could become village guards and risk
5115:
The Kurds possess a rich tradition of folklore, which, until recent times, was largely transmitted by speech or song, from one generation to the next. Although some of the Kurdish writers' stories were well known throughout Kurdistan; most of the stories told and sung were only written down in the
3920:
Officially protected death squads are accused of the disappearance of 3,200 Kurds and Assyrians in 1993 and 1994 in the so-called "mystery killings". Kurdish politicians, human-rights activists, journalists, teachers and other members of intelligentsia were among the victims. Virtually none of the
3158:
The country would flourish during Karim Khan's reign; a strong resurgence of the arts would take place, and international ties were strengthened. Karim Khan was portrayed as being a ruler who truly cared about his subjects, thereby gaining the title Vakil e-Ra'aayaa (meaning Representative of the
7572:
Writes about the problem of attaining a coherent definition of "Kurdish language" within the Northwestern Iranian dialect continuum. There is no unambiguous evolution of Kurdish from Middle Iranian, as "from Old and Middle Iranian times, no predecessors of the Kurdish language are yet known; the
4595:
After the collapse of the Kurdish uprising in March 1991, Iraqi troops recaptured most of the Kurdish areas and 1.5 million Kurds abandoned their homes and fled to the Turkish and Iranian borders. It is estimated that close to 20,000 Kurds succumbed to death due to exhaustion, lack of food,
6476:
Ismet Chériff Vanly, "The Kurds in the Soviet Union", in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (London: Routledge, 1992). pg 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Azerbaijan (180,000), Armenia (50,000), Georgia (40,000), Kazakhstan (30,000), Kyrghizistan
5800:
The traditional Kurdish village has simple houses, made of mud. In most cases with flat, wooden roofs, and, if the village is built on the slope of a mountain, the roof on one house makes for the garden of the house one level higher. However, houses with a beehive-like roof, not unlike those in
4621:
after a series of clashes with Iraqi troops. In late October, Iraqi government retaliated by imposing a food and fuel embargo on the Kurds and stopping to pay civil servants in the Kurdish region. The embargo, however, backfired and Kurds held parliamentary elections in May 1992 and established
4136:
were present in this movement, historians agree these were hardly articulate enough to justify a claim that recognition of Kurdish identity was a major issue in Simko's movement, and he had to rely heavily on conventional tribal motives. Government forces and non-Kurds were not the only ones to
5275:
Another distinct form of art from Sanandaj is 'Oroosi', a type of window where stylized wooden pieces are locked into each other, rather than being glued together. These are further decorated with coloured glass, this stems from an old belief that if light passes through a combination of seven
4568:
civil war broke out. Iraq was widely condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressive measures such as the mass murder of hundreds of thousands of civilians, the wholesale destruction of thousands of villages and the deportation of thousands of Kurds to
4529:
were engaged in heavy fighting against successive Iraqi regimes from 1960 to 1975. In March 1970, Iraq announced a peace plan providing for Kurdish autonomy. The plan was to be implemented in four years. However, at the same time, the Iraqi regime started an Arabization program in the oil-rich
5879:
of Dogubeyazit, a structure with heavy influences from both Anatolian and Iranian architectural traditions. Construction of the Palace began in 1685, led by Colak Abdi Pasha, a Kurdish bey of the Ottoman Empire, but the building would not be completed until 1784, by his grandson, Ishak Pasha.
9604:
Sir Thomas Herbert, Bart: Travels in Africa, Persia, and Asia the Great : Some Years Travels Into Africa and Asia the Great, Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Hindustan, as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Oriental Indies, 1627â30, the 1677 Version. Medieval &
5316:
with (breast) milk and the poisonous liquid from the gall bladder of an animal. The design is drawn on the skin using a thin twig and is injected under the skin using a needle. These have a wide variety of meanings and purposes, among which are protection against evil or illnesses; beauty
7511:
in all the contexts has a distinct social sense, 'nomad, tent-dweller.' It could equally be an attribute for any Iranian ethnic group having similar characteristics. To look for a particular ethnic sense here would be a futile exercise." P. 24: "The Pahlavi materials clearly show that
4273:
4721:(a largely Kurdish city in northeastern Syria), clashes between Kurds and Syrians broke out and continued over a number of days. At least thirty people were killed and more than 160 injured. The unrest spread to other Kurdish towns along the northern border with Turkey, and then to
7507:. G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp. 1â58, 2009. Excerpt 1: "Generally, the etymons and primary meanings of tribal names or ethnonyms, as well as place names, are often irrecoverable; Kurd is also an obscurity." "It is clear that
3479:
aimed at weakening the political influence of the Kurds by deporting them from their ancestral lands and by dispersing them in small pockets of exiled communities. By the end of World War I, up to 700,000 Kurds had been forcibly deported and almost half of the displaced perished.
7315:
and other sources cited herein: A Near Eastern population of 28â30 million, plus approximately a 2 million diaspora gives 30â32 million. If the highest (25%) estimate for the Kurdish population of Turkey, in Mackey (2002), proves correct, this would raise the total to around 37
6405:, 2017 estimate. The Kurdish population is estimated at 15â20 million in Turkey, 10â12 million in Iran, 8â8.5 million in Iraq, 3â3.6 million in Syria, 1.2â1.5 million in the European diaspora, and 400kâ500k in the former USSRâfor a total of 36.4 million to 45.6 million globally.
2783:, the Kurdish ethnic identity gradually materialized, as one can find clear evidence of the Kurdish ethnic identity and solidarity in texts of the 12th and 13th centuries, though, the term was also still being used in the social sense. Since 10th century, Arabic texts including
7757:
reports all non-Arabs make up 9.7% of the Syrian population, but does not break out the Kurdish figure separately. However, this State Dept. source provides a figure of 9%. As of August 2015, the current document at this state.gov URL no longer provides such ethnic group
7802:"The Kurds of Caucasia and Central Asia have been cut off for a considerable period of time and their development in Russia and then in the Soviet Union has been somewhat different. In this light the Soviet Kurds may be considered to be an ethnic group in their own right."
9701:
Barry D. Wood, The Tarikh-i Jahanara in the Chester Beatty Library: an illustrated manuscript of the "Anonymous Histories of Shah Isma'il", Islamic Gallery Project, Asian Department Victoria & Albert Museum London, Routledge, Volume 37, Number 1 / March 2004, Pp: 89 â
3857:
actions, the poverty of the southeast and PKK atrocities against Kurdish clans which were against them. Turkish state actions have included torture, rape, forced inscription, forced evacuation, destruction of villages, illegal arrests and executions of Kurdish civilians.
5074:
In general, Kurdish women's rights and equality have improved in the 20th and 21st centuries due to progressive movements within Kurdish society. However, despite the progress, Kurdish and international women's rights organizations still report problems related to
3709:-speakers in Turkey at around five million, when the country's population stood at 44 million. Kurds form the largest minority group in Turkey, and they have posed the most serious and persistent challenge to the official image of a homogeneous society. To
6997:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census"
3386:) responded with a campaign of integration by co-opting prominent Kurdish opponents to strengthen Ottoman power with offers of prestigious positions in his government. This strategy appears to have been successful, given the loyalty displayed by the Kurdish
3865:
has condemned Turkey for the thousands of human rights abuses. The judgments are related to executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements systematic destruction of villages, arbitrary arrests murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists.
2826:
who sent the commander Itakh to combat him. Itakh won this war and executed many of the Kurds. Eventually, Arabs conquered the Kurdish regions and gradually converted the majority of Kurds to Islam, often incorporating them into the military, such as the
5953:
while migrating to the Caucasus. It has also been revealed that these groups were not influenced by other Caucasian groups in terms of ancestry. Another phenomenon found in the research was that Zazas are closer to Kurdish groups rather than peoples of
4542:, according to which Iran cut supplies to Iraqi Kurds. Iraq started another wave of Arabization by moving Arabs to the oil fields in Kurdistan, particularly those around Kirkuk. Between 1975 and 1978, 200,000 Kurds were deported to other parts of Iraq.
7494:
G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp. 1â58, 2009: "Evidently, the most reasonable explanation of this ethnonym must be sought for in its possible connections with the Cyrtii (Cyrtaei) of the Classical
9654:: "As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the Safavids did not fit this pattern, though the state they set up with the assistance of Turkmen tribal forces of eastern Anatolia closely resembled this division in its makeup."
5233:, living in the border area between Iran and Iraq. These Jaff bags share the same characteristics of Kurdish rugs; very colorful, stout in design, often with medallion patterns. They were especially popular in the West during the 1920s and 1930s.
2303:, followers of this religion are also found in other regions. For example, while there are more than 300,000 Yarsani in Iraqi Kurdistan, there are more than 2 million Yarsani in Iran. However, the Yarsani lack political rights in both countries.
5880:
Containing almost 100 rooms, including a mosque, dining rooms, dungeons and being heavily decorated by hewn-out ornaments, this Palace has the reputation as being one of the finest pieces of architecture of the Ottoman Period, and of Anatolia.
5205:
Another well-known Kurdish rug is the Senneh rug, which is regarded as the most sophisticated of the Kurdish rugs. They are especially known for their great knot density and high-quality mountain wool. They lend their name from the region of
9679:, p. 169: "The Safavid dynasty was of Iranian â probably Kurdish â extraction and had its beginnings as a Sufi order located at Ardabil near the eastern border of Azerbaijan, in a region favorable for both agriculture and pastoralism."
3580:
During the relatively open government of the 1950s in Turkey, Kurds gained political office and started working within the framework of the Turkish Republic to further their interests, but this move towards integration was halted with the
2435:, and it has been recorded that a small number of Christian traditions have been preserved. Several Christian prayers in Kurdish have been found from earlier centuries. In recent years some Kurds from Muslim backgrounds have converted to
2841:
dynasty was founded, and subsequently conquered most of present-day Iran and Iraq. During the time of rule of this dynasty, Kurdish chief and ruler, Badr ibn Hasanwaih, established himself as one of the most important emirs of the time.
3576:
Kurdish officers from the Iraqi army were said to have approached Soviet army authorities soon after their arrival in Iran in 1941 and offered to form a Kurdish volunteer force to fight alongside the Red Army. This offer was declined.
5146:
Perhaps the most widely reoccurring element is the fox, which, through cunning and shrewdness triumphs over less intelligent species, yet often also meets his demise. Another common theme in Kurdish folklore is the origin of a tribe.
4604:
which condemned the repression of Iraqi Kurdish civilians and demanded that Iraq end its repressive measures and allow immediate access to international humanitarian organizations. This was the first international document (since the
13890:
Amirzargar, Ali; Rey, Diego; Muñiz, Ester; Palacio-GrĂŒber, Jose; Nikbin, Behrouz; Nicknam, Hosein; Khosravi, Farideh; Joshghan, Hamidreza; Areces, Cristina; EnrĂquez-de-Salamanca, Mercedes; Martinez-Quiles, Narcisa (31 August 2015).
6109:
5325:
The popularity of permanent, traditional tattoos has greatly diminished among newer generation of Kurds. However, modern tattoos are becoming more prevalent; and temporary tattoos are still being worn on special occasions (such as
12595:
7585:
10119:
Kurdish officers from the Iraqi army were said to have approached Soviet army authorities soon after their arrival in Iran in 1941 and offered to form a Kurdish volunteer force to fight alongside the Red Army. This offer was
7220:
3371:, which had historically successfully integrated (but not assimilated) the Kurds, through use of forced repression of Kurdish independence movements. Revolts did occur sporadically but only in 1880 with the uprising led by
5154:
Coinciding with the heterogeneous Kurdish groupings, although certain stories and elements were commonly found throughout Kurdistan, others were unique to a specific area; depending on the region, religion or dialect. The
5550:, released in 2000. It was critically acclaimed, and went on to win multiple awards. Other movies of his would follow this example, making him one of the best known film producers of Iran of today. Recently, he released
4963:), which has sometimes caused media controversy over their right to remain. There have been tensions between Kurds and the established Muslim community in Dewsbury, which is home to very traditional mosques such as the
4807:, within which Kurds, like other ethnic groups, had the status of a protected minority. Armenian Kurds were permitted their own state-sponsored newspaper, radio broadcasts and cultural events. During the conflict in
3747:
Several large scale Kurdish revolts in 1925, 1930 and 1938 were suppressed by the Turkish government and more than one million Kurds were forcibly relocated between 1925 and 1938. The use of Kurdish language, dress,
12438:
According to the Chief Prosecutor, Iraqi forces repeatedly used chemical weapons, killed up to 182,000 civilians, forcibly displaced hundreds of thousands more, and almost completely destroyed local infrastructure.
2943:
Due to the Turkic invasion of Anatolia and Armenia, the 11th-century Kurdish dynasties crumbled and became incorporated into the Seljuk dynasty. Kurds would hereafter be used in great numbers in the armies of the
7061:
4826:(or "Red Kurdistan"). The period of existence of the Kurdish administrative unit was brief and did not last beyond 1929. Kurds subsequently faced many repressive measures, including deportations, imposed by the
4100:
from the disintegrating Ottoman Empire partly influenced some Kurdish chiefs in border regions to pose as Kurdish nationalist leaders. Prior to this, identity in both countries largely relied upon religion i.e.
5202:, and are very colorful in design. With an increased interest in these rugs in the last century, and a lesser need for them to be as sturdy as they were, new Bijar rugs are more refined and delicate in design.
5808:
Over the centuries many Kurdish architectural marvels have been erected, with varying styles. Kurdistan boasts many examples from ancient Iranian, Roman, Greek and Semitic origin, most famous of these include
3163:). Though not as powerful in its geo-political and military reach as the preceding Safavids and Afsharids or even the early Qajars, he managed to reassert Iranian hegemony over its integral territories in the
8440:
2775:, the Kurds sporadically appear in Arabic sources, though the term was still not being used for a specific people; instead it referred to an amalgam of nomadic western Iranian tribes, who were distinct from
2479:; the philological connection between "Kurd" and "Karda" is uncertain, but the relationship is considered possible. Other Sumerian clay tablets referred to the people, who lived in the land of Karda, as the
6051:
3840:
Between 1984 and 1999, the PKK and the Turkish military engaged in open war, and much of the countryside in the southeast was depopulated, as Kurdish civilians moved from villages to bigger cities such as
5321:
is also common among both traditional and modern Kurdish tattoos. Tattoos are more prevalent among women than among men, and were generally worn on feet, the chin, foreheads and other places of the body.
2400:
or 'daf'. Awat Tayib, the chief of followers of Zoroastrianism in the Kurdistan region, claimed that many were returning to Zoroastrianism but some kept it secret out of fear of reprisals from Islamists.
5163:
are perhaps the best example of this; their gifted storytellers are known to have been greatly respected throughout the region, thanks to a unique oral tradition. Other examples are the mythology of the
3760:, which reached its apex in 1930, was only suppressed after a massive military campaign including destruction of many villages and their populations. By the 1970s, Kurdish leftist organizations such as
3901:
members: Hatip Dicle, Ahmet Turk, Sirri Sakik, Orhan Dogan and Selim Sadak. Zana, Dicle, Sadak and Dogan were sentenced to 15 years in jail by the Supreme Court in October 1995. Zana was awarded the
3033:. For the next 300 years, many of the Kurds found themselves living in territories that frequently changed hands between Ottoman Turkey and Iran during the protracted series of Ottoman-Persian Wars.
2123:, who underwent independent developments for more than a century and have developed an ethnic identity in their own right. This groups' population was estimated at close to 0.4 million in 1990.
3853:, as well as to the cities of western Turkey and even to western Europe. The causes of the depopulation included mainly the Turkish state's military operations, state's political actions, Turkish
3313:, who demanded political autonomy or outright independence for Kurds as well as the recognition of a Kurdistan state without interference from Turkish or Persian authorities. The uprising against
4583:
4545:
10280:
The 1999 capture and conviction of Kurdish guerilla leader Abdullah Ocalan brought increasing international attention to the Kurds, the largest ethnic group in the world without its own nation.
5309:
in Kurdish) is widespread among the Kurds; even though permanent tattoos are not permissible in Sunni Islam. Therefore, these traditional tattoos are thought to derive from pre-Islamic times.
4142:
both Iranian and Turkish territory. Two regional powers have used Kurdish tribes as tool for own political benefits: Turkey has provided military help and refuge for anti-Iranian Turcophone
10196:
The fourth-largest ethnic group in the Middle East, the Kurds make up the world's most numerous ethnic group that has, with the exception of northern Iraq, no legal form of self-government.
8431:
Hervas, L. Saggio. (1787). 'Pratico delle lingue: con prolegomeni, e una raccolta di orazioni dominicali in piu di trecento lingue e dialetti...'. Cesena: Per Gregorio Biasini, pp. 156â157.
6970:
6182:
4736:, since July 2012, Kurds were able to take control of large parts of Syrian Kurdistan from Andiwar in extreme northeast to Jindires in extreme northwest Syria. The Syrian Kurds started the
6078:
12599:
10844:
7582:
2678:
They revolted against the Sassanids and were raiding the whole Persian territory. Later they, along with Arabs and Armenians, joined the Sassanids in their war against the Byzantines.
6758:
8113:
10787:
9659:, p. 8: "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams."
9295:
James, Boris (2019). "Constructing the Realm of the Kurds (al-Mamlaka al-Akradiyya): Kurdish In-betweenness and Mamluk Ethnic Engineering (1130-1340 CE)". In Tamari, Steve (ed.).
8953:
12682:
10158:
10224:
Many scholars and organizations refer to the Kurds as being one of the largest ethnic groups without a nation-state (Council of Europe, 2006; MacDonald, 1993; McKeirnan, 1999).
5732:
Furthermore, the most accredited of the traditional Iranian wrestling styles, the Bachoukheh, derives its name from a local Khorasani Kurdish costume in which it is practised.
5488:
are the poverty and hardship which ordinary Kurds have to endure. The first films featuring Kurdish culture were actually shot in Armenia. Zare, released in 1927, produced by
3255:
or districts, and, making no attempt to interfere with the principle of heredity, installed the local chiefs as governors. He also resettled the rich pastoral country between
13053:
3294:
The Ottoman centralist policies in the beginning of the 19th century aimed to remove power from the principalities and localities, which directly affected the Kurdish emirs.
3275:
until the first half of the 19th century, several regions of the wide Kurdish homelands would be contested as well between the Ottomans and the neighbouring rival successive
2475:"The land of Karda" is mentioned on a Sumerian clay tablet dated to the 3rd millennium BC. This land was inhabited by "the people of Su" who dwelt in the southern regions of
8025:
The status and role of the Yezidi legends and myths : to the question of comparative analysis of Yezidism, YÄrisÄn (Ahl-e Haqq) and Zoroastrianism: a common substratum?
4370:. Cease-fire has been established in September 2011 following the Iranian offensive on PJAK bases, but several clashes between PJAK and IRGC took place after it. Since the
2442:
Segments of the Bible were first made available in the Kurdish language in 1856 in the Kurmanji dialect. The Gospels were translated by Stepan, an Armenian employee of the
15913:
6378:
Turkey: Kurdish 18%, of 81.6 million; Iran: Kurd 10%, of 81.82 million; Iraq: Kurdish 15â20%, of 37.01 million, Syria: Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%, of 17.01 million.
8256:"The status and role of the Yezidi legends and myths. To the question of comparative analysis of Yezidism, YÄrisÄn (Ahl-e Haqq) and Zoroastrianism: a common substratum?"
3909:
in 1995. She was released in 2004 amid warnings from European institutions that the continued imprisonment of the four Kurdish MPs would affect Turkey's bid to join the
3013:
dynasty, established in 1501, also established its rule over Kurdish-inhabited territories. The paternal line of this family actually had Kurdish roots, tracing back to
7068:
6162:
3817:) is Kurdish militant organization which has waged an armed struggle against the Turkish state for cultural and political rights and self-determination for the Kurds.
4538:. The peace agreement did not last long, and in 1974, the Iraqi government began a new offensive against the Kurds. Moreover, in March 1975, Iraq and Iran signed the
1906:
13580:
13460:
13368:
11214:
12623:
13620:
6415:
16715:
4649:
ratified in 2005. By the beginning of 2006, the two Kurdish administrations of Erbil and Sulaimaniya were unified. On 14 August 2007, Yazidis were targeted in a
3561:
During the 1920s and 1930s, several large-scale Kurdish revolts took place in Kurdistan. Following these rebellions, the area of Turkish Kurdistan was put under
11001:
4572:
The genocidal campaign, conducted between 1986 and 1989 and culminating in 1988, carried out by the Iraqi government against the Kurdish population was called
4026:, and constitute approximately 7â10% of Iran's overall population (6.5â7.9 million), compared to 10.6% (2 million) in 1956 and 8% (800,000) in 1850.
9664:, pp. 456â474: "The Safavids originated as a hereditary lineage of Sufi shaikhs centered on Ardabil, ShafeÊżite in school and probably Kurdish in origin."
3714:
4994:, and according to the 2011 Census, 10,325 Canadians spoke Kurdish languages. In the United States, Kurdish immigrants started to settle in large numbers in
9688:
F. Daftary, "Intellectual Traditions in Islam", I.B. Tauris, 2001. pg 147: "But the origins of the family of Shaykh Safi al-Din go back not to Hijaz but to
4883:
3803:
2584:, however, is first encountered in Arabic sources of the seventh century. Books from the early Islamic era, including those containing legends such as the
5279:
Among Kurdish Jews a common practice was the making of talismans, which were believed to combat illnesses and protect the wearer from malevolent spirits.
15942:
13801:
12889:
9841:
6974:
4494:
Kurds constitute approximately 17% of Iraq's population. They are the majority in at least three provinces in northern Iraq which are together known as
4073:. The Kurds sharing much of their history with the rest of Iran is seen as reason for why Kurdish leaders in Iran do not want a separate Kurdish state.
2101:
The total number of Kurds in 1991 was placed at 22.5 million, with 48% of this number living in Turkey, 24% in Iran, 18% in Iraq, and 4% in Syria.
16212:
9320:
James, Boris (2014). "Arab Ethnonyms( 'Ajam, 'Arab, Badu and Turk): The Kurdish Case as a Paradigm for Thinking about Differences in the Middle Ages".
5002:. Kurdish population in Nashville is estimated to be around 11,000. The total number of ethnic Kurds residing in the United States is estimated by the
2696:, stated that his parents were originally from an Assyrian village called Hazza, but were driven out and subsequently settled in Tamanon, a village in
1868:
as recorded by Bidlisi, regardless of linguistic grouping, might still reflect an incipient Northwestern Iranian "Kurdish" ethnic identity uniting the
4766:
began an offensive into Kurdish-populated areas in Syria, prompting about 100,000 civilians to flee from the area fearing that Turkey would commit an
13747:
7804:
7469:
Ilya Gershevitch, William Bayne Fisher, The Cambridge History of Iran: The Median and Achamenian Periods, 964 pp., Cambridge University Press, 1985,
5883:
In recent years, the KRG has been responsible for the renovation of several historical structures, such as Erbil Citadel and the Mudhafaria Minaret.
4185:
3309:
The first modern Kurdish nationalist movement emerged in 1880 with an uprising led by a Kurdish landowner and head of the powerful Shemdinan family,
12474:
10813:
7415:
Generally, the etymons and primary meanings of tribal names or ethnonyms, as well as place names, are often irrecoverable; Kurd is also an obscurity
4444:. The issue of Kurdish nationalism and Iranian national identity is generally only questioned in the peripheral Kurdish dominated regions where the
3397:
and the end of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 largely represented a reaction to the changes taking place in mainstream Turkey, primarily to the radical
1984:
According to Mackenzie, there are few linguistic features that all Kurdish dialects have in common and that are not at the same time found in other
1910:
Maunsell's map of 1910, a Pre-World War I British Ethnographical Map of the Middle East, showing the Kurdish regions in yellow (both light and dark)
15826:
8773:
6139:
4209:
ideology has been developed in the early 1920s. Some of such groups and journals openly advocated Iranian support to the Kurdish rebellion against
3593:
authorities who had been a traditional source of opposition to authority; in 1978 Kurdish students would form the militant separatist organization
3573:
in the region to change the make-up of the population. These events and measures led to long-lasting mutual distrust between Ankara and the Kurds.
3554:, war broke out in the 1960s. In 1970 the Kurds rejected limited territorial self-rule within Iraq, demanding larger areas, including the oil-rich
10949:
5933:
loci were analyzed to investigate lineage relationship among Kurdish groups. When both mtDNA and Y chromosome data are compared with those of the
5579:
and the aforementioned Yilmaz Erdogan. There's also been a number of films set or filmed in Kurdistan made by non-Kurdish film directors, such as
5400:
are love ballads usually expressing the melancholy of separation and unfulfilled love. One of the first Kurdish female singers to sing heyrans is
15346:
7769:
4901:
1834:, as it was adopted into Arabic and gradually became associated with an amalgamation of Iranian and Iranianized tribes and groups in the region.
14768:
14665:
Maxwell, Alexander; Smith, Tim (2015). "Positing 'not-yet-nationalism': limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography".
13757:
4601:
2620:. After initially sustaining a heavy defeat, Ardashir I was successful in subjugating the Kurds. In a letter Ardashir I received from his foe,
7427:
Reynolds, G. S. (OctoberâDecember 2004). "A Reflection on Two QurÊŸÄnic Words (IblÄ«s and JĆ«dÄ«), with Attention to the Theories of A. Mingana".
5257:, which were traditionally often crafted by nomadic Kurdish tribes. These are especially well known in Iran, most notably the crafts from the
3890:
to her parliamentary oath during the swearing-in ceremony in 1994: "I take this oath for the brotherhood of the Turkish and Kurdish peoples."
3147:
at its peak. After Nader's death, Iran fell into civil war, with multiple leaders trying to gain control over the country. Ultimately, it was
6734:
6477:(20,000), Uzbekistan (10,000), Tajikistan (3,000), Turkmenistan (50,000), Siberia (35,000), Krasnodar (20,000), Other (12,000), Total 450,000
4473:
3065:
2222:
It is based on the belief of one God who created the world and entrusted it into the care of seven Holy Beings. The leader of this heptad is
14773:
10848:
6765:
3048:(r. 1588â1629) succeeded in putting down the rebellion led by the Kurdish ruler Amir Khan Lepzerin. Thereafter, many Kurds were deported to
13603:
13176:
11099:
8499:
Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan,
6197:
4995:
4405:
has also helped to undermine claims of discrimination. Some of the more influential Kurdish politicians during recent years include former
3334:
14701:
9875:, M. Cavid Baysun, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 62.
8077:
6346:
4788:
4374:
of 1979, accusations of "discrimination" by Western organizations and of "foreign involvement" by Iranian side have become very frequent.
13079:
13057:
12447:
9931:
Ozoglu, Hakan. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. February 2004.
9914:
Ozoglu, Hakan. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. February 2004.
3060:
tribes. Other forced movements and deportations of other groups were also implemented by Abbas I and his successors, most notably of the
12919:
8960:
6567:
3131:
12709:
10890:
10147:
6437:
4629:
The Kurdish population welcomed the American troops in 2003 by holding celebrations and dancing in the streets. The area controlled by
11047:
6534:
6509:
4699:, Kurdish human rights activists are mistreated and persecuted. No political parties are allowed for any group, Kurdish or otherwise.
16720:
16710:
15830:
14818:
14725:
12686:
12490:
5625:
The most popular sport among the Kurds is football. Because the Kurds have no independent state, they have no representative team in
2787:'s works, have referred to Kurds as a distinct linguistic group. From 11th century onward, the term Kurd is explicitly defined as an
2644:
during this time period most likely was a social term, designating Northwestern Iranian nomads, rather than a concrete ethnic group.
12531:
16725:
16202:
8517:
It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane's great-grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir
3935:. In Tunceli, it is the state that is evacuating and burning villages. In the southeast there are two million people left homeless.
3680:
3439:
side in the war. In order to eliminate this threat, Young Turks embarked on a large-scale deportation of Kurds from the regions of
13155:
12665:
10073:
Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policiesâintroduction
7604:
Constructing the Realm of the Kurds (al-Mamlaka al-Akradiyya): Kurdish In-betweenness and Mamluk Ethnic Engineering (1130â1340 CE)
7516:
in pre-Islamic Iran was a social label, still a long way from becoming an ethnonym or a term denoting a distinct group of people."
7205:
5856:. Another important piece of Kurdish architectural heritage from the late 12th/early 13th centuries is the Yezidi pilgrimage site
4613:
inside Iraqi borders and prohibited Iraqi planes from flying north of 36th parallel. In October 1991, Kurdish guerrillas captured
1616:
set the boundaries of modern Turkey and made no such provision, leaving Kurds with minority status in all of the new countries of
14745:
13669:
10502:
8545:
According to a tradition which has every reason to be true, their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe (xel) Babirakan.
6274:
6036:
3094:(r. 1666â1694) from 1669 to 1689. Due to his efforts in reforming the declining Iranian economy, he has been called the "Safavid
7648:
5634:
12791:
8719:
Fabbri, Giampietro (2017). "SUPARSTHAS and SWAGWAUTAS Colonisers of the Ancient World. Part I: Origins and early migrations".
8452:
7845:
7141:
5194:
Kurdish weaving is renowned throughout the world, with fine specimens of both rugs and bags. The most famous Kurdish rugs are
3764:(KSP-T) emerged in Turkey which were against violence and supported civil activities and participation in elections. In 1977,
2199:
15518:
14537:
14445:
14417:
14343:
14305:
14231:
14203:
14184:
14129:
14082:
14043:
13765:
12808:
12318:
12278:
12238:
12201:
12161:
12120:
12080:
12040:
11994:
11954:
11911:
11826:
11762:
11719:
11642:
11590:
11526:
11484:
10725:
10701:
10672:
10643:
10450:
10413:
10375:
10332:
10301:
10273:
10245:
10217:
10189:
10060:
9953:
9936:
9919:
9612:
9039:
9009:
8813:
8757:
8568:
8540:
8512:
8238:
8211:
8149:
8057:
7612:
7482:
7296:
3338:
3172:
1177:
15496:
13220:
12423:
8652:
Reynolds, G. S. (2004). "A Reflection on Two QurÊŸÄnic Words (IblÄ«s and JĆ«dÄ«), with Attention to the Theories of A. Mingan".
7018:
5828:
The first genuinely Kurdish examples extant were built in the 11th century. Those earliest examples consist of the Marwanid
15954:
15861:
14790:"The impact on the politics of Iraq and Turkey and their bilateral relations regarding the Kurds in the post-Saddam regime"
14631:
13642:
13527:
10983:
9198:
Fisher, G. (2016). "Writing the History of the 'Persian Arabs': The Pre-Islamic Perspective on the "Nasrids" of al-Hirah".
6653:
4748:
2956:, as succeeding the Zengids, the Ayyubids established themselves in 1171. Saladin led the Muslims to recapture the city of
2288:
Yarsanism (also known as Ahl-I-Haqq, Ahl-e-Hagh or Kakai) is also one of the religions that are associated with Kurdistan.
1864:, each of which speak a different dialect or language variation. Paul (2008) notes that the 16th-century usage of the term
13467:
13384:
12830:
8707:
7040:
3530:
15856:
15339:
13365:
12342:
11818:
10107:. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East (reprint ed.). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 267.
5844:
in the patronage of new constructions. The Ayyubids' most famous works are the Halil-ur-Rahman Mosque that surrounds the
4756:
4363:
12620:
12560:
10870:
7986:"The "Original" Kurdish Religion? Kurdish Nationalism and the False Conflation of the Yezidi and Zoroastrian Traditions"
4393:
some members of parliament and high army officers were Kurds, and there was even a Kurdish Cabinet Minister. During the
16207:
16123:
15846:
15811:
14390:
14324:
14148:
Atmaca, Metin (2012). "BÄbÄn". In Fleet, Kate; KrĂ€mer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.).
14099:
14010:
13991:
13963:
13944:
10771:
9359:
8844:
7361:
6090:
5892:
5515:, after his rough looks), he spent the later part of his career producing socio-critical and politically loaded films.
4421:
6063:
2510:
were attacked by nomads coming through Qartas territory at the end of 3rd millennium BC and distinguished them as the
16251:
14565:
14509:
14481:
14371:
14277:
14258:
14165:
13789:
13733:
11340:
11319:
11174:
10693:
10664:
10635:
10112:
9787:
9304:
9182:
9157:
8913:
8629:
8560:
8555:
Richard Barrie Dobson, 2000, Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J, p. 107, Editions du Cerf, University of Michigan,
8532:
8504:
8340:
8184:
8107:
7945:
7715:
7474:
7252:
4311:
4261:
3987:
3883:
2748:, a king appeared to the Kurdanaye and they rebelled against the Arabs in 829. Michael the Syrian considered them as
13105:
8201:
5376:). No specific music was associated with the Kurdish princely courts. Instead, music performed in night gatherings (
16339:
16324:
15920:
15908:
14730:
12778:
10627:
9801:
6459:
5143:
throughout Anatolia. Additionally, stories can be purely entertaining, or have an educational or religious aspect.
4968:
4650:
3106:, was close friends with Abbas I, and served as governor in various provinces and was known for his loyal service.
1297:
687:
8482:
4092:
the government of Iran was ineffective and had very little control over events in the country and several Kurdish
4088:, but it has always been implacably opposed to any suggestion of Kurdish separatism. During and shortly after the
2104:
Recent emigration accounts for a population of close to 1.5 million in Western countries, about half of them
1946:
as a minority language. The Kurds are recognized as a people with a distinct language by Arab geographers such as
16197:
16183:
15935:
15585:
15198:
14581:
5942:
4834:, many Kurdish areas have been destroyed and more than 150,000 Kurds have been deported since 1988 by separatist
4752:
4347:
4303:
4029:
Unlike in other Kurdish-populated countries, there are strong ethnolinguistical and cultural ties between Kurds,
3120:
2688:. He lived in the 4th century, during the reign of Shapur II, and during his travels is said to have encountered
2414:
1469:
11672:
4811:, many non-Yazidi Kurds were forced to leave their homes since both the Azeri and non-Yazidi Kurds were Muslim.
15801:
15332:
12028:
9237:
8691:
4299:
3862:
3772:
in the local elections. At about the same time, generational fissures gave birth to two new organizations: the
3205:
are believed to be remnants of those that assisted and accompanied Lotf Ali Khan and Karim Khan, respectively.
2608:
2592:
2565:
17:
14455:
Hamid, Algar (2006). "IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (2) Islam in Iran (2.3) ShiÊżism in Iran Since the Safavids".
12897:
3799:
3582:
3495:
prevented such a result. Kurds backed by the United Kingdom declared independence in 1927 and established the
3321:
was ultimately suppressed by the Ottomans and Ubeydullah, along with other notables, were exiled to Istanbul.
2807:, and called upon the Kurds to aid him in battle. However, they were defeated and brought under Islamic rule.
14811:
6289:
6279:
6244:
6233:
5127:
creatures and everyday life. A number of these mythological figures can be found in other cultures, like the
4642:
4623:
4190:
4058:
3084:
2459:
2292:
1860:
1379:
1282:
1015:
649:
14383:
Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania
4710:, refusal to register children with Kurdish names, the replacement of Kurdish place names with new names in
15947:
12735:
11513:
9297:
Grounded Identities: Territory and Belonging in the Medieval and Early Modern Middle East and Mediterranean
6212:
5946:
5630:
5619:
5067:
4680:
4339:
4314:, but those two organization have never advocated a separate Kurdish state or greater Kurdistan as did the
3040:(r. 1501â1524) put down a Yezidi rebellion which went on from 1506 to 1510. A century later, the year-long
1322:
14720:
14400:
Mazaheri, Masâud Habibi; Gholami, Rahim (2008). "AyyĆ«bids". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).
13937:
From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa
13771:
13245:
10474:
10308:
They are a recognizable ethnic community, the 'world's largest ethnic group without a state of their own.'
5644:
On a national level, the Kurdish clubs of Iraq have achieved success in recent years as well, winning the
3483:
Some of the Kurdish groups sought self-determination and the confirmation of Kurdish autonomy in the 1920
16496:
16261:
16224:
16156:
15925:
15253:
14615:
12508:
12472:
10821:
6892:
6594:
6398:
6352:
5599:
5572:
4871:
4793:
4684:
4359:
4315:
4295:
3810:
3602:
3598:
3535:
3268:
1973:
alongside their native Kurdish, while those in diaspora communities often speak three or more languages.
1918:
or Ú©Ù۱ۯÛ) is a collection of related dialects spoken by the Kurds. It is mainly spoken in those parts of
1404:
990:
13845:"MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups: MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups"
10903:
7191:
6865:
5265:
regions. Among these crafts are chess boards, talismans, jewelry, ornaments, weaponry, instruments etc.
5029:, in particular those who historically had the closest geographical proximity to the Kurds, such as the
3921:
perpetrators were investigated nor punished. Turkish government also encouraged Islamic extremist group
16674:
16349:
16329:
16171:
16161:
16151:
15851:
15841:
15620:
14789:
14270:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East From the Sixth to the Eleventh Century
13753:
13404:
12310:
12230:
12112:
12072:
11986:
11903:
11791:
11711:
11518:
11124:
8905:
8047:
7830:
Ismet Chériff Vanly, "The Kurds in the Soviet Union", in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.),
6402:
4896:
4879:
4779:
3929:, the state minister of human rights, revealed the extent of security forces' excesses in autumn 1994:
3594:
2995:
2083:
1222:
1207:
100:
12851:
7777:
4366:
by Iran, Turkey and the United States. Some analysts claim PJAK do not pose any serious threat to the
4096:
chiefs gained local political power, even established large confederations. At the same time waves of
1656:. Kurds in Iraq and Syria have autonomous regions, while Kurdish movements continue to pursue greater
16301:
16146:
15716:
15511:
13814:
11630:
9954:"The Ideological and Historical Roots of Kurdist Movements in Turkey: Ethnicity Demography, Politics"
6487:
5546:
5412:
are songs performed during the autumn. Love songs, dance music, wedding and other celebratory songs (
5092:
4831:
4763:
4577:
4469:
3710:
3664:
3589:
political thought influenced some in the new generation of Kurdish nationalists opposed to the local
2021:
1831:
1582:
1578:
14750:
14491:
Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi (2009). "áčąafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
7921:
6127:
5119:
Widely varying in purpose and style, among the Kurdish folklore one will find stories about nature,
2499:
term Ararat. However, some modern scholars do not believe that the Qarduchi are connected to Kurds.
16388:
16359:
16003:
15258:
14804:
11418:
9250:
Mouawad, R.J. (1992). "The Kurds and Their Christian Neighbors: The Case of the Orthodox Syriacs".
7602:
7269:
5897:
4855:
4539:
4432:, including in several newspapers and among schoolchildren. Many Iranian Kurds show no interest in
4413:
4335:
4110:
3979:
3914:
3898:
3488:
3080:
3022:
2219:
935:
13827:
10007:
5641:
since 2008. They became runners-up in 2009 and 2010, before ultimately becoming champion in 2012.
4998:
in 1976, which is now home to the largest Kurdish community in the United States and is nicknamed
4759:
in early 2018. Between 150,000 and 200,000 people were displaced due to the Turkish intervention.
16705:
16616:
16364:
16028:
15761:
14600:
13843:
Nasidze, Ivan; Quinque, Dominique; Ozturk, Murat; Bendukidze, Nina; Stoneking, Mark (July 2005).
12193:
8688:
Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West
8573:
under the Christianized Kurdish dynasty of Zak'arids they tried to re-establish nazarar system...
8089:
7538:
G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp. 1â58, 2009
7377:
5938:
4327:
3736:
declared it of utmost importance to prove the Turkishness of the Kurds. Eastern Turk was another
3729:
3676:
3014:
2447:
1539:
14778:
13600:
12975:
12949:
11946:
11936:
11884:
11856:
11677:
11634:
11624:
11423:
11391:
11359:
9417:
The beginnings of ancient Kurdistan (c. 2500â1500 BC) : a historical and cultural synthesis
7907:
van Bruinessen, Martin (2000). "The Qadiriyya and the lineages of Qadiri shaykhs in Kurdistan".
7559:
4986:, who are mainly political refugees and immigrants seeking economic opportunity. According to a
4645:
and legality of its laws and regulations were recognized in the articles 113 and 137 of the new
4609:
arbitration of Mosul in 1926) to mention Kurds by name. In mid-April, the Coalition established
3719:
16319:
16178:
16048:
16023:
15893:
15645:
12032:
12022:
10367:
9692:, from where, seven generations before him, Firuz Shah Zarin-kulah had migrated to Adharbayjan"
8777:
7916:
7115:
6708:
6364:
6284:
5934:
5776:
5581:
4887:
4406:
4351:
3837:
have refused to add the PKK to their terrorist list. Some of them have even supported the PKK.
3713:, the Turkish Government used several terms. "Mountain Turks" was a term was initially used by
3672:
3632:
Foreign Policy Research Institute, notes that demands for a Kurdish state comes primarily from
3534:
Kurdish-inhabited areas of the Middle East and the Soviet Union in 1986, according to the U.S.
3099:
2895:
2846:
2800:
2692:, a deacon and martyr, who, after having been questioned of his origins by Mar Qardagh and his
2621:
2443:
1873:
1134:
1109:
910:
13983:
13977:
13303:
13248:"Female genital mutilation among Iraqi Kurdish women: a cross-sectional study from Erbil city"
11197:
10741:
8999:
8747:
8619:
7707:
7242:
4264:, another Soviet puppet state. The state itself encompassed a very small territory, including
3079:
Kurdish dialect. Several Kurdish noblemen served the Safavids and rose to prominence, such as
2744:
troops who fought against Musa chief of Hurdanaye in the region of Qardu in 841. According to
2324:(or Ferohar), one of the primary symbols of Zoroastrianism, believed to be the depiction of a
16684:
16423:
16291:
15903:
15776:
15755:
15675:
15635:
15526:
15408:
15355:
15131:
14862:
13291:
12153:
11942:
11164:
11015:
10320:
9791:, A report by Lord Russell-Johnston, Council of Europe, July 2006. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
8803:
8174:
8098:
6654:"ĐŃĐ”ŃĐŸŃŃĐžĐčŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐżĐ”ŃДпОŃŃ ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ 2010 Đł. ĐĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐč ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČ ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ Đ ĐŸŃŃĐžĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ЀДЎДŃĐ°ŃОО"
6014:
5994:
5756:
5699:
4975:
and as a result many of the current Syrian asylum seekers in Germany are of Kurdish descent.
4696:
4390:
4280:
4222:
4178:. In particular case of the Kurds, this repressive policies partly contributed to developing
3617:
3565:
and many of the Kurds were displaced. The Turkish government also encouraged resettlement of
3435:
in the winter of 1916. The Kurds were perceived to be subversive elements who would take the
2675:
2366:
2132:
1605:
1392:
975:
31:
13348:
12927:
12713:
9281:
James, Boris. (2006). Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources.
9268:
James, Boris. (2006). Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources.
9029:
5675:
in 1905, as well as one of the original players. The most prominent Kurdish-Turkish club is
5063:
5025:
cultures are to be seen. However, on the whole, Kurdish culture is closest to that of other
4397:
Kurds received many favours from the authorities, for instance to keep their land after the
4006:, but demands were quickly rejected by Western powers. This area has been divided by modern
3503:
suppressed Kurdist revolts in 1925, 1930, and 1937â1938, while Iran in the 1920s suppressed
16518:
16400:
16334:
16296:
16192:
16118:
16113:
16038:
15886:
15504:
15372:
15219:
12864:
12387:. Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993).
11074:
7773:
7554:
6294:
6100:
5998:
5736:
5645:
5534:
5428:
5230:
5132:
5049:
A madrasa system was used before the modern era. Mele are Islamic clerics and instructors.
5006:
to be 20,591. Other sources claim that there are 20,000 ethnic Kurds in the United States.
4987:
4409:
3991:
3957:
3854:
3740:
for Kurds from 1980 onwards. Nowadays the Kurds, in Turkey, are still known under the name
3543:
3288:
3091:
3026:
2737:
1761:
1629:
1202:
1008:
729:
15273:
12736:"Syria to tackle Kurd citizenship problem â Just In (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
10252:
The Kurds appear to be the largest ethnic group in the world without a state of their own.
5969:
11 different Y-DNA haplogroups have been identified in Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in Turkey.
1187:
8:
16460:
16418:
16344:
16219:
16141:
15670:
15640:
15625:
15462:
15061:
13246:
Berivan A. Yasin; Namir G. Al-Tawil; Nazar P. Shabila Email; Tariq S. Al-Hadithi (2013).
12564:
12539:
11813:
Bayat, Kaveh (2003). "Chapter 12: Riza Shah and the Tribes". In Cronin, Stephanie (ed.).
11682:
11266:
The Kurdish Question in Turkey: Historical Roots, Domestic Concerns and International Law
9127:
5837:
5593:
5380:) is considered classical. Several musical forms are found in this genre. Many songs are
5318:
5103:
4783:
4597:
4478:
4440:
faith who sometimes even vigorously reject idea of autonomy, preferring direct rule from
4433:
4257:
4238:
4218:
4179:
4143:
4133:
4125:
3906:
3633:
3566:
3524:
3402:
3330:
3236:
3018:
2470:
2446:
and were published in 1857. Prominent historical Kurdish Christians include the brothers
2042:
is estimated at between 30 and 45 million, with another one or two million living in the
1462:
1212:
1182:
925:
865:
14110:
13844:
12375:
in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp. 118â120, 1977
9860:
7093:
3484:
3352:
2681:
There is also a 7th-century text by an unidentified author, written about the legendary
2548:
was conquered by the Medes. The claimed Median descent is reflected in the words of the
16591:
16586:
16571:
16533:
16508:
16445:
16306:
16241:
15876:
15685:
15600:
14976:
14851:
14682:
13973:
13872:
13274:
13247:
13163:
12757:
12661:
12146:
11048:"EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: Turkey Ranks First in Violations in between 1959â2011"
10988:
10746:
10153:
10027:
9973:
9898:
9689:
9337:
9215:
8886:
8669:
8601:
8414:
7860:
7452:
6790:
6117:
5950:
5876:
5019:
4646:
4429:
4402:
4386:
4371:
4367:
4138:
4077:
4046:
3894:
3496:
3387:
2733:
2689:
2424:
2410:
2033:
1894:
1837:
1613:
1567:
1312:
1172:
945:
773:
88:
16433:
13673:
11788:
Caucasian battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian border, 1828â1921
11286:
10934:
10510:
8335:
Henry Corbin. The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism. Omega Publications, New York. 1994.
7390:
5423:
Throughout the Middle East, there are many prominent Kurdish artists. Most famous are
16660:
16611:
16576:
16413:
16354:
16256:
16166:
16136:
16131:
15998:
15993:
15977:
15866:
15806:
15726:
15721:
15630:
15455:
15448:
15441:
15434:
15298:
15245:
15235:
15136:
14686:
14638:
A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism
14561:
14533:
14505:
14477:
14473:
14441:
14413:
14386:
14367:
14339:
14320:
14301:
14273:
14254:
14250:
14227:
14199:
14180:
14161:
14125:
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14078:
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13987:
13959:
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13761:
13729:
13549:
13279:
12384:
12324:
12314:
12302:
12284:
12274:
12244:
12234:
12207:
12197:
12167:
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12126:
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12104:
12086:
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12036:
12000:
11990:
11978:
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11950:
11917:
11907:
11879:
11851:
11832:
11822:
11795:
11768:
11758:
11725:
11715:
11703:
11648:
11638:
11596:
11586:
11532:
11522:
11508:
11490:
11480:
11386:
11354:
11336:
11315:
11170:
10993:
10957:
10767:
10721:
10697:
10689:
10668:
10660:
10639:
10631:
10583:
10456:
10446:
10419:
10409:
10381:
10371:
10338:
10328:
10297:
10269:
10241:
10213:
10185:
10108:
10056:
10031:
9977:
9932:
9915:
9835:
9608:
9420:
9341:
9300:
9219:
9178:
9153:
9110:
9035:
9005:
8909:
8840:
8809:
8753:
8728:
8625:
8605:
8564:
8556:
8536:
8528:
8508:
8500:
8336:
8315:"About Yarsan, a religious minority in Iran and Yarsani asylum seekers â Yarsanmedia"
8296:
8271:
8263:
8234:
8207:
8180:
8155:
8145:
8103:
8053:
8028:
8005:
7966:
7941:
7711:
7700:
7670:
7608:
7478:
7470:
7444:
7357:
7292:
7248:
6602:
6542:
6356:
6269:
6173:
6010:
6006:
5974:
5970:
5853:
5691:
5557:
5504:
5136:
4923:
4737:
4675:
4606:
4561:
4465:
4331:
4253:
4205:
in region which were seen as potential threats to the territorial integrity of Iran,
4175:
4167:
4066:
4050:
4023:
4019:
3995:
3963:
3953:
3949:
3922:
3706:
3668:
3222:
3053:
3052:, not only to weaken the Kurds, but also to protect the eastern border from invading
3049:
3045:
2906:
2881:
2736:, Hurdanaye separated from Tayaye Arabs and sought refuge with the Byzantine Emperor
2624:, which is also featured in the same work, he is referred to as being a Kurd himself.
2561:
2515:
2488:
2251:
2230:. Its adherents number from 700,000 to 1 million worldwide and are indigenous to the
2223:
2075:
2067:
1985:
1889:
1775:
There are, however, dissenting views, which do not derive the name of the Kurds from
1708:
1705:
1695:
1681:
1645:
1641:
1586:
1574:
1543:
1343:
1335:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1242:
1237:
1217:
995:
950:
852:
808:
798:
620:
564:
70:
14702:
A Brief History of Kurds and Kurdistan: Part I: From the Advent of Islam to AD 1750.
14409:
14157:
13892:
13876:
13524:
12494:
9175:
The Origins of Cities in Dry-Farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the 3rd Millennium B.C
8930:
7792:
McDowall, David (1992). "The Kurds: A Nation Denied". London: Minority Rights Group.
3459:. Around 300,000 Kurds were forced to move southwards to Urfa and then westwards to
2147:
16503:
16438:
16428:
16102:
16083:
16078:
16073:
16013:
15988:
15103:
14966:
14922:
14870:
14674:
14469:
14405:
14246:
14194:
Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
14153:
13904:
13856:
13749:
The Citadel of Aleppo: Description, History, Site Plan and Visitor Tour (Guidebook)
13269:
13259:
12024:
The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict
11582:
11572:
10930:
10573:
10563:
10442:
10019:
9965:
9802:"Fifteenth periodic report of States parties due in 1998: Islamic Republic of Iran"
9329:
9207:
9106:
9079:
9070:
Limbert, J. (1968). "The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran".
8882:
8661:
8593:
8460:
8406:
8093:
7997:
7882:
7872:
7864:
7736:
7436:
7152:
6259:
6254:
6154:
6030:
6018:
5990:
5986:
5918:
5849:
5818:
5794:
5744:
5672:
5489:
5424:
5168:, and the stories of the Dersim Kurds, which had a substantial Armenian influence.
5120:
5080:
5003:
4859:
4847:
4808:
4767:
4733:
4707:
4425:
4401:
of 1962. In the early 2000s, presence of thirty Kurdish deputies in the 290-strong
4398:
4378:
4343:
4147:
4070:
3887:
3649:
3613:
3606:
3472:
3416:
3372:
3310:
3280:
3160:
3041:
2965:
2870:
2780:
2682:
2518:
2105:
2079:
2043:
2010:
1966:
1962:
1842:
1728:
1649:
1637:
1609:
1593:
1563:
1551:
1490:
1364:
1272:
1247:
1231:
1197:
1192:
985:
930:
890:
880:
875:
869:
861:
847:
838:
828:
635:
631:
14678:
12400:
in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, p.121, 1977
11476:
11466:
11276:
and Alexandra Xanthaki, 352 pp., Martinus Nijhoff/Brill Publishers, 2005. (p. 332)
9981:
9211:
8836:
8830:
5872:
of the early 18th century, and the Ellwen Bridge of Khanaqin of the 19th century.
5477:
5171:
During the criminalization of the Kurdish language after the coup d'Ă©tat of 1980,
4990:
household survey, there were 11,685 people of Kurdish ethnic background living in
3806:. There is ongoing discrimination against and "otherization" of Kurds in society.
3492:
3464:
3408:
2540:, an ancient Iranian people, and even use a calendar dating from 612 BC, when the
16601:
16566:
16455:
16450:
16369:
16280:
16018:
15871:
15783:
15771:
15695:
15690:
15680:
15615:
15590:
15575:
15562:
15550:
15414:
14827:
14089:
13607:
13531:
13372:
12669:
12627:
12478:
12430:
11754:
10761:
10715:
10102:
9333:
8228:
7589:
7326:
7286:
6759:"Scotland's Census 2011 â National Records of Scotland â Ethnic group (detailed)"
6264:
6070:
5982:
5914:
5869:
5657:
5561:
5088:
5076:
5026:
5015:
4875:
4867:
4863:
4851:
4823:
4526:
4495:
4461:
4417:
4394:
4226:
4214:
4166:
in 1920s and 1930s resulted with many other tribal revolts in Iranian regions of
4163:
4159:
4089:
4062:
4054:
4034:
3932:
3660:
3570:
3420:
3342:
3272:
3240:
3140:
3072:, who were moved en masse to and from other districts within the Persian empire.
2998:
2985:
2949:
2920:
2877:
2819:
2721:
2569:
2557:
2507:
2496:
2432:
2428:
2389:
2267:
2215:
2155:
2071:
1970:
1824:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1504:
1277:
1267:
1260:
1227:
1124:
1094:
1074:
980:
970:
955:
940:
920:
895:
885:
857:
818:
733:
704:
671:
627:
13909:
13646:
13492:
10023:
6661:
3798:", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the
3733:
16581:
16556:
15836:
15766:
15313:
15111:
15075:
15038:
15031:
15024:
14945:
14901:
14890:
14620:
12577:
12018:
11746:
9234:
The Legend of Mar Qardagh: Narrative and Christian Heroism in Late Antique Iraq
9128:"The Seven Great Monarchies, by George Rawlinson, The Seventh Monarchy, Part A"
8399:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
8372:"Hopes for Zoroastrianism revival in Kurdistan as first temple opens its doors"
8371:
7985:
7177:
5845:
5676:
5638:
5565:
5485:
5469:
5460:
5084:
5030:
4964:
4943:
4927:
4891:
4666:
4483:
4155:
4093:
4030:
3983:
3975:
3931:
While acts of terrorism in other regions are done by the PKK; in Tunceli it is
3902:
3826:
3690:
3436:
3398:
3376:
3368:
3318:
3218:
3057:
2856:
The Ayyubid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, founded by Saladin.
2823:
2776:
2741:
2589:
2312:
2259:
2120:
2095:
2091:
2039:
1854:
1816:
1769:
1633:
1601:
1559:
1455:
1441:
1056:
965:
915:
721:
683:
343:
14196:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
12350:
9969:
9083:
8597:
8001:
7809:
6811:
5973:
was the most prevalent with 16.1% of the samples belonging to it, followed by
4225:
has personally praised the Kurds as "pure Iranians" or "one of the most noble
3685:
3167:, and presided over an era of relative peace, prosperity, and tranquility. In
3135:
Impression of a Kurdish man by American artist Antonio Zeno Shindle circa 1893
3102:, also served as a grand vizier from 1707 to 1716. Another Kurdish statesman,
2396:. Attendees celebrated the occasion by lighting a ritual fire and beating the
1961:, speaking the language of their respective nation of origin, such as Arabic,
16699:
16654:
16606:
16596:
16561:
16513:
16490:
16465:
16229:
16058:
16053:
15930:
15731:
15580:
15481:
15476:
15427:
15418:
15402:
15378:
15214:
15167:
15126:
15089:
14959:
14856:
14841:
13979:
A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present)
13918:
13567:
13264:
13130:
12328:
12248:
12211:
11772:
11273:
10997:
10961:
10587:
10475:"Thousands of Kurds celebrate New Kurdish Year Newroz in southeastern Turkey"
10460:
10423:
10098:
10003:
9644:: "Of Kurdish ancestry, the áčąafavids started as a SunnÄ« mystical order (...)"
8732:
8300:
8275:
8267:
8159:
8032:
8009:
7970:
7448:
6683:
6606:
6546:
6360:
6239:
6002:
5959:
5955:
5711:
5684:
5668:
5615:
5587:
5571:
Other prominent Kurdish film directors that are critically acclaimed include
5552:
5541:
5448:
5339:
5058:
4983:
4912:
4457:
4382:
4323:
4276:
4106:
3945:
3757:
3625:
3314:
3284:
3244:
3243:
and Kurdistan, he entrusted the organisation of the conquered territories to
3214:
3202:
3191:
3187:
3186:
due to infighting between the Khan's incompetent offspring. It was not until
3103:
3030:
2511:
2112:
2014:
1974:
1877:
1374:
1369:
1317:
1287:
1149:
959:
905:
900:
760:
645:
639:
504:
14595:
12424:"The Prosecution Witness and Documentary Evidence Phases of the Anfal Trial"
12288:
12090:
11964:
11938:
Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski
11921:
11836:
11652:
11600:
11494:
11016:"Still critical: Prospects in 2005 for Internally Displaced Kurds in Turkey"
10385:
10342:
10238:
The Kurds of Iraq: Ethnonationalism and National Identity in Iraqi Kurdistan
9607:. ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies). p. 403.
8527:
Vladimir Minorsky, 1953, Studies in Caucasian History, p. 102, CUP Archive,
7229:
The Kurds, an Iranian people of the Near East, live at the junction of (...)
4908:
4003:
3842:
3511:
and Jaafar Sultan of the Hewraman region, who controlled the region between
16480:
16246:
16043:
15751:
15746:
15736:
15570:
15469:
15390:
15177:
15054:
14987:
14846:
14438:
The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500â1900
13893:"Kurds HLA Genes: Its Implications in Transplantation and Pharmacogenomics"
13868:
13283:
12621:
Syria: End persecution of human rights defenders and human rights activists
12267:
Iran in Crisis?: The Future of the Revolutionary Regime and the US Response
12171:
12130:
12050:
12004:
11799:
11729:
11620:
11536:
10560:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
10555:
10359:
10325:
Kurdish Ethno-Nationalism Versus Nation-Building States: Collected Articles
6627:
5926:
5865:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5779:
5748:
5576:
5533:(1983) are his best-known works, of which the second won Palme d'Or at the
5529:
5444:
5440:
5353:
5288:
5188:
5156:
5124:
4972:
4804:
4744:
4618:
4129:
4118:
3698:
3629:
3621:
3504:
3295:
3182:
After Karim Khan's death, the dynasty would decline in favour of the rival
3168:
3115:
3017:, a dignitary who moved from Kurdistan to Ardabil in the 11th century. The
2972:. The Ayyubid dynasty lasted until 1341 when the Ayyubid sultanate fell to
2888:
2791:
and this does not suggest synonymity with the ethnographic category nomad.
2745:
2652:
2603:
2436:
2418:
2393:
2374:
2116:
1958:
1665:
1515:
1507:
1416:
1411:
1129:
1099:
691:
12831:"Syrian Kurds fear 'ethnic cleansing' after US troop pullout announcement"
9834:
A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of
8290:
8139:
4080:
has never employed the same level of brutality against its own Kurds like
3783:
2799:, a Sasanian general originating from a noble family, battled against the
1431:
16664:
16626:
16475:
16311:
16236:
16033:
15595:
15283:
15278:
15162:
15010:
14994:
11626:
The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan
10601:
10532:
10364:
Dangerous Neighborhood: Contemporary Issues in Turkey's Foreign Relations
8314:
7846:"Exploring the roots and dynamics of Kurdish ethno-nationalism in Turkey"
7790:
Paper presented at the Freie Universitat Berlin. For the figure, cites:
5503:
The first critically acclaimed and famous Kurdish films were produced by
5401:
5381:
5344:
5254:
4947:
4287:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4097:
3850:
3846:
3830:
3753:
3562:
3424:
3394:
3364:
3198:
3069:
2913:
2772:
2712:
2685:
2553:
2522:
2503:
2385:
2350:
2342:
2296:
2143:
1978:
1938:. Kurdish holds official status in Iraq as a national language alongside
1899:
1765:
1597:
1119:
662:
404:
282:
15324:
14317:
Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan
13508:
12976:"For Iraqi, Syrian Kurdish refugees, fantastic dreams and silent deaths"
12640:
12069:
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity
11900:
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity
7142:"Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing?"
6942:
6084:
Armenian, Turkish and Kurdish females in their traditional clothes, 1873
3913:. The 2009 local elections resulted in 5.7% for Kurdish political party
3375:
did the Kurds as an ethnic group or nation make demands. Ottoman sultan
3029:
between the Iranian Safavids (and successive Iranian dynasties) and the
2595:, and other early Islamic sources provide early attestation of the name
2549:
15741:
14938:
14610:
13553:
13335:
11100:
The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey
10578:
8673:
8584:
Driver, G. R. (1923). "The Name Kurd and its Philological Connexions".
8418:
7877:
7868:
7456:
6917:
6840:
6299:
6146:
5783:
5707:
5680:
5523:
5507:. Initially a popular, award-winning actor in Turkey with the nickname
5432:
5330:, the night before a wedding) and as tribute to the cultural heritage.
5258:
5211:
5034:
4102:
3879:
3873:
3788:
3769:
3752:, and names were banned and the Kurdish-inhabited areas remained under
3702:
3508:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3124:
3095:
2862:
2831:
whose dynastic family members also frequently intermarried with Kurds.
2765:
2701:
2613:
2530:
2502:
Qarti or Qartas, who were originally settled on the mountains north of
2397:
2370:
2346:
2212:
2178:
2163:
1733:
1089:
667:
584:
364:
223:
11815:
The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society Under Riza Shah 1921â1941
9714:
By GĂ©rard Chaliand, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, and Marco Pallis, p. 205.
5352:
Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish classical performers:
5172:
5116:
20th and 21st centuries. Many of these are, allegedly, centuries old.
16551:
16523:
16470:
16008:
15700:
15660:
15303:
15293:
15263:
15141:
15045:
14981:
14952:
14695:
The Kurdish Question in U.S. Foreign Policy: A Documentary Sourcebook
13461:"Immigration Museum (2010) Survival of a culture: Kurds in Australia"
12461:
After such knowledge, what forgiveness?: my encounters with Kurdistan
12270:
11578:
11472:
10568:
10479:
10184:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 1056.
6249:
5752:
5740:
5725:
5718:
5703:
5517:
5417:
5229:
Kurdish bags are mainly known from the works of one large tribe: the
5195:
5140:
4630:
4246:
4151:
3971:
3795:
3737:
3645:
3547:
3460:
3356:
3061:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2849:
and dynasties were founded, ruling Kurdistan and neighbouring areas:
2835:
2828:
2804:
2792:
2784:
2656:
2648:
2585:
2484:
2362:
2334:
2321:
2300:
2283:
2271:
2231:
2167:
1954:
1947:
1935:
1669:
1511:
1426:
1421:
1114:
1079:
1069:
1039:
789:
679:
604:
15268:
14056:
London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1â74.
8665:
8410:
8394:
7440:
5465:
5183:
4018:. Today, the Kurds inhabit mostly northwestern territories known as
2990:
1823:' or 'tent-dwellers', which could be applied as an attribute to any
65:
16068:
15898:
15881:
15655:
15650:
15366:
15308:
15083:
15069:
14880:
13190:
12578:"USCIRF Annual Report 2009 â Countries of Particular Concern: Iraq"
8255:
8141:
The Yezidis : the History of a Community, Culture and Religion
7395:
6189:
6024:
5963:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5361:
5262:
5207:
5151:
entertainment was hard to find as evenings had to be spent inside.
4956:
4815:
4722:
4718:
4654:
4535:
4507:
4171:
4038:
3882:, the first Kurdish female MP from Diyarbakir, caused an uproar in
3749:
3527:(January to December 1946) existed in an area of present-day Iran.
3427:. He has given a detailed account of the deportation of Kurds from
3232:
3164:
3139:
After the fall of the Safavids, Iran fell under the control of the
3076:
3037:
3002:
2902:
2796:
2788:
2749:
2693:
2573:
2480:
2476:
2263:
2194:
1996:
1803:
1788:
1757:
1752:
1555:
1547:
1535:
1436:
1354:
1144:
1104:
1044:
1034:
675:
14796:
14704:" The International Journal of Kurdish Studies 10.1/2 (1996): 105.
14630:, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), 3:41â52.
12225:
Habeeb, William Mark; Frankel, Rafael D.; Al-Oraibi, Mina (2012).
10125:
8483:"Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State"
5611:
4346:. Kurdish Marxist groups have been marginalized in Iran since the
4334:, Tehran has provided support for Iraqi-based Kurdish groups like
2852:
2810:
1840:
in the 16th century states that there are four division of Kurds:
1750:. The name would be continued as the first element in the toponym
16528:
16485:
15665:
15610:
15172:
15116:
15096:
15018:
14908:
14735:
13815:
THE RESTORATION OF ISHAQ PASHA'S PALACE WILL BE COMPLETED IN 2013
13621:"KĂŒrt'ĂŒm, ay yıldızlı bayraÄı gururla taĆıyorum â Milliyet Haber"
6169:
5902:
5810:
5436:
5393:
5269:
5246:
5219:
5165:
5128:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4930:. The earliest immigrants were Kurds from Turkey, who settled in
4916:
4835:
4800:
4564:
in the 1980s, the regime implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a
4515:
4511:
4487:
4291:
4265:
4230:
3586:
3516:
3512:
3428:
3302:
3256:
3228:
3010:
2973:
2953:
2866:
2717:
2671:
2667:
2577:
2556:." However, MacKenzie and Asatrian challenge the relation of the
2545:
2541:
2317:
2255:
2227:
2190:
2174:
2062:. Kurds form regional majorities in all four of these countries,
1943:
1869:
1691:
1154:
1139:
1049:
544:
464:
424:
384:
322:
204:
14714:
14364:
From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193â1260
13889:
13595:
13593:
13591:
13589:
12509:"Coalition makes key advances in northern Iraq â April 10, 2003"
10814:"The List established and maintained by the 1267/1989 Committee"
9753:
8227:
Bozarslan, Hamit; Gunes, Cengiz; Yadirgi, Veli (22 April 2021).
7630:
6971:"2011â2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables"
5789:
5771:
4272:
3347:
1830:
The term gained the characteristic of an ethnonym following the
16408:
16063:
15384:
15288:
15182:
15121:
14929:
14885:
14875:
14739:
14652:
The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: shock, awe and aftermath
12429:. International Center for Transitional Justice. Archived from
11052:
10556:"Knowledge, ideology and power. Deconstructing Kurdish Studies"
10053:
The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East
9177:. Guilford, Connecticut: Four Quarters Publishing. p. 76.
8947:
Martin van Bruinessen, "The ethnic identity of the Kurds," in:
8085:
6465:
A report by Lord Russell-Johnston, Council of Europe, July 2006
6219:
5857:
5802:
5760:
5389:
5302:
5241:
5223:
5038:
4991:
4979:
4960:
4951:
4819:
4726:
4711:
4670:
4634:
4554:
4550:
4531:
4499:
4441:
4381:
during reign of various governments. Kurdish liberal political
4319:
4210:
4081:
4007:
3970:
has been a part of the country since ancient times. Nearly all
3925:
to assassinate suspected PKK members and often ordinary Kurds.
3834:
3818:
3590:
3555:
3520:
3500:
3476:
3432:
3260:
3248:
3183:
3075:
The Kurds of Khorasan, numbering around 700,000, still use the
2945:
2761:
2492:
2354:
2247:
2243:
2204:
2159:
2158:. Moreover, many Shafi'i Kurds adhere to either one of the two
2151:
2047:
2003:
1991:
The Kurdish dialects according to Mackenzie are classified as:
1939:
1931:
1724:
1617:
1612:. However, that promise was broken three years later, when the
1592:
Kurds do not comprise a majority in any country, making them a
1519:
1359:
1084:
794:
524:
484:
444:
302:
262:
242:
124:
13842:
12662:
Essential Background: Overview of human rights issues in Syria
12071:. Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York:
11902:. Cambridge Middle East studies, 22. Cambridge, UK; New York:
10075:, Journal of Genocide Research, Vol.10, No.1, p.8, March 2008.
7734:
5293:
5253:
Outside of weaving and clothing, there are many other Kurdish
3393:
The Kurdish ethno-nationalist movement that emerged following
2274:
many similar qualities that date back to the pre-Islamic era.
2046:. Kurds comprise anywhere from 18 to 25% of the population in
16621:
15605:
15146:
15001:
13586:
13191:"Zeynelabidin Zinar, Medrese education in Northern Kurdistan"
13054:"NPT Visits Our Next Door Neighbors in Little Kurdistan, USA"
9375:. Beirut: Khayat Book & Publishing Company S.A.L., p. 87.
7583:
Geographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranic languages
6204:
6096:
5930:
5922:
5910:
5327:
5215:
5160:
4703:
4692:
4638:
4614:
4588:
4519:
4503:
4445:
4307:
4242:
4114:
4042:
4011:
3999:
3468:
3299:
3264:
3176:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2880:(955â1221) They were Arab origin, later Kurdicized and ruled
2838:
2753:
2660:
2617:
2537:
2526:
2378:
2239:
2087:
2059:
1927:
1820:
1625:
1531:
1399:
1159:
824:
743:
184:
13417:
Eagleton, W. (1989). "The Emergence of a Kurdish Rug Type".
12950:"Hundreds of Syrian Kurdish migrants seek shelter in Serbia"
12865:"MP: Failed asylum seekers must go back â Dewsbury Reporter"
12227:
The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change
11215:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist"
10554:
Scalbert-YĂŒcel, ClĂ©mence; Ray, Marie Le (31 December 2006).
10406:
Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini
10207:
9522:
9001:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
8441:
A Muslim Leader Converted to Christianity in Iraqi Kurdistan
7725:
This would raise the population estimate by about 5 million.
7411:
Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus
7244:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
7206:"Kurds of Iran: The missing piece in the Middle East Puzzle"
6568:"NATO bid reignites Sweden's dispute with Turkey over Kurds"
6416:""Wir Kurden Ă€rgern uns ĂŒber die Bundesregierung" â Politik"
5909:
A 2005 study genetically examined three different groups of
5694:, there are three styles originating from Kurdish regions:
5537:
of 1982, the most prestigious award in the world of cinema.
4702:
Techniques used to suppress the ethnic identity of Kurds in
4221:
which saw the Kurds as integral part of the Iranian nation.
15816:
15793:
15536:
15530:
15396:
14916:
14756:
13336:"Changes in the oral tradition among the Jews of Kurdistan"
10717:
Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts: A Comparative Perspective
10503:"Ethnologue census of languages in Asian portion of Turkey"
10439:
Iran's Political, Demographic, and Economic Vulnerabilities
9765:
9741:
9388:. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., p. 184.
8805:
Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland
8176:
Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority
8049:
Yezidismâits Background, Observances, and Textual Tradition
7649:"The zazas: a kurdish sub-ethnic group or separate people?"
7288:
Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland
6150:
5978:
5626:
5369:
5313:
5199:
4827:
4814:
In 1920, two Kurdish-inhabited areas of Jewanshir (capital
4437:
4358:, separatist organization affiliated with the Turkey-based
4355:
4342:, along with asylum for 1.4 million Iraqi refugees, mostly
4250:
4234:
4085:
4015:
3994:
of 1919 Tehran had demanded all lost territories including
3967:
3822:
3551:
3412:
3276:
3088:
2757:
2358:
2235:
2055:
2051:
1923:
1919:
1848:
1727:
basin, and it is presumably reflected in corrupted form in
1621:
1554:
communities in the cities of western Turkey (in particular
1527:
1523:
814:
804:
164:
144:
14717:
Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
13956:
Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend
13056:. Nashville Public Television. 19 May 2008. Archived from
10104:
The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development
9839:
9547:
9459:
9457:
9455:
9453:
9097:
Asatrian, G. (2009). "Prolegemona to the Study of Kurds".
7505:
Karnamak Ardashir Papakan and the Matadakan i Hazar Dastan
7219:
Bois, Th.; Minorsky, V.; MacKenzie, D.N. (24 April 2012).
6510:"NATO Membership for Sweden: Between Turkey and the Kurds"
4967:. Since the beginning of the turmoil in Syria many of the
3897:
voted to lift the immunity of Zana and five other Kurdish
3324:
2616:
is depicted as having battled the Kurds and their leader,
2506:, are considered as a probable ancestor of the Kurds. The
2423:
Although historically there have been various accounts of
2258:
established by refugees fleeing persecution by Muslims in
1802:
Regardless of its possible roots in ancient toponymy, the
13399:
13397:
8621:
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East
7116:"Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification"
7019:"Language according to age and sex by region 1990 â 2021"
6438:"Geschenk an Erdogan? Kurdisches Kulturfestival verboten"
6115:
Kurdish Cavalry in the passes of the Caucasus mountains (
5833:
5108:
3636:, Western human-rights activists, and European leftists.
3550:
administrators thwarted Kurdish nationalist ambitions in
2525:
in 2150 BC and ruled with 21 kings until defeated by the
2338:
14645:
The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society
14021:
Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan.
9559:
9426:
7149:
ILLC â Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
6488:"3 Kurdish women political activists shot dead in Paris"
5825:
near Adiyaman and the citadels of Erbil and Diyarbakir.
14054:
Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds.
14023:
Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo.
13784:
Verity Campbell â Turkey â 2007 â 724 pages, page 643,
13643:"Misha Aloyan wants to change his name â Armenian News"
12809:"IS families escape Syria camp as Turkey battles Kurds"
10921:
Radu, Michael. (2001). "The Rise and Fall of the PKK".
10210:
Handbook of Ethnic Conflict: International Perspectives
9510:
9498:
9486:
9450:
9034:(Third ed.). I.B. Tauris. pp. 8â9, 373, 375.
7770:"A Stateless Nation's Quest for Sovereignty in the Sky"
7062:"Number of resident population by selected nationality"
6893:"Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan"
5679:. In the diaspora, the most successful Kurdish club is
5648:
four times in the last five years. Prominent clubs are
4229:". Another significant ideology during this period was
3910:
3869:
3585:. The 1970s saw an evolution in Kurdish nationalism as
3271:
and Bohtan districts. For the next centuries, from the
1942:, is recognized in Iran as a regional language, and in
13455:
13453:
13451:
13394:
13366:"Shahnameh in the Kurdish and Armenian Oral Tradition"
12224:
11566:
9729:
9542:
The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World
9476:
9474:
9472:
8863:, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp.1-58, 2009. (p.21)
4633:
was expanded, and Kurds now have effective control in
3401:, the centralization of authority, and to the rampant
14774:
A German newspaper's take on the Kurdish issue â 2005
12758:"Syria: Address Grievances Underlying Kurdish Unrest"
12633:
11564:
11562:
11560:
11558:
11556:
11554:
11552:
11550:
11548:
11546:
9583:
9571:
8366:
8364:
8226:
7218:
6535:"Will exiled Kurds pay price of Sweden's NATO entry?"
6021:(41%) and R1 (29%) were dominant in this population.
5317:
enhancement; and the showing of tribal affiliations.
4978:
There was substantial immigration of ethnic Kurds in
4158:
tribal leaders initiated a repressive era toward non-
2635:
who gave you permission to put a crown on your head?
11786:
Allen, William Edward David; Muratoff, Paul (1953).
10437:
Crane, Keith; Lal, Rollie; Martini, Jeffrey (2008).
10296:(Rev. ed.). New York: Infobase Pub. p. 8.
10084:
C. Dahlman, "The Political Geography of Kurdistan,"
9438:
9356:
The Conquest of Iraq, Southwestern Persia, and Egypt
6812:"Information from the 2011 Armenian National Census"
4902:
Turkey's military offensive into north-eastern Syria
4792:
Tunar Rahmanoghly singing Kurdish song "Rinda Min".
4428:
is today used more than at any other time since the
4162:
minorities. Government's forced detribalization and
3825:
label the PKK as a terrorist organization while the
2891:(959â1015) ruled western Iran and upper Mesopotamia.
2483:(Karduchi, Karduchoi) and the Qurti. Karda/Qardu is
2291:
Although most of the sacred Yarsan texts are in the
2246:, with some significant, more recent communities in
1810:
13448:
12792:
Displaced Kurds from Afrin need help, activist says
12738:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 April 2011
12701:
11614:
11612:
11610:
11460:
11458:
11456:
11454:
11452:
11450:
11448:
11446:
11444:
11442:
9717:
9712:
A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan
9469:
8203:
Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East
7548:
7546:
7544:
5568:, detailing the tumultuous life of a Kurdish poet.
4915:, Kurdish-American billionaire, founder and CEO of
4653:that became the deadliest suicide attack since the
3021:in 1514 that culminated in what is nowadays Iran's
2576:as the ancestors of the Kurds, while others prefer
1570:is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million.
14298:Decline and fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks
14177:Meta-Religion: Religion and Power in World History
13519:
13517:
12994:
12463:, Westview Press, 368 pp., 1998. (see pp. 107â108)
12145:
11543:
11412:
11410:
10984:"U.N. Accuses Turkey of Killing Hundreds of Kurds"
10649:
10148:"Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria's Uprising"
10146:
9886:In the Wake of the Dhow: The Arabian Gulf and Oman
8873:D. N. MacKenzie (1961). "The Origins of Kurdish".
8361:
7699:
7139:
6188:A group of Kurdish men with traditional clothing,
2659:, to conquer its chief city, Bezabde, present-day
2633:O son of a Kurd, raised in the tents of the Kurds,
2536:Many Kurds consider themselves descended from the
2111:A special case are the Kurdish populations in the
13838:
13836:
11935:Chelkowski, Peter J.; Pranger, Robert J. (1988).
11934:
11817:. BIPS Persian Studies Series. London; New York:
11255:, 194 pp., Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. (pp. 15, 66)
10842:
10820:. United Nations. 14 October 2015. Archived from
10553:
9951:
9122:
9120:
9023:
9021:
8997:
7805:The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
4514:. Around 300,000 Kurds live in the Iraqi capital
4322:. Still, many of dissident leaders, among others
16697:
12680:
12584:. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
12493:. Fox News Channel. 9 April 2003. Archived from
12491:"Kurds Rejoice, But Fighting Continues in North"
11607:
11570:
11464:
11439:
10008:"Ottoman Kurds and emergent Kurdish nationalism"
9855:
9853:
9816:
9150:The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3, Issue 2
7843:
7541:
6025:Modern Kurdish-majority entities and governments
4132:struck north western Iran. Although elements of
4105:in the particular case of Iran. In 19th-century
2612:, a short prose work written in Middle Persian,
334:
14490:
14399:
14075:The Kurds, a People in Search of Their Homeland
14030:Copenhagen. Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1â213.
13928:
13601:The Way of Traditional Persian Wrestling Styles
13514:
13106:"Interesting Things About Nashville, Tennessee"
13028:"Detailed Mother Tongue, 2011 Census of Canada"
12411:Not Quite Armageddon: Impact of the War on Iraq
11618:
11407:
10436:
10182:Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. 2. D â K
9705:
9641:
9544:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 44.
9528:
8941:
8872:
8749:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
8745:
8071:
8069:
7735:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (9 March 2012).
5962:hypothesized to be spoken before its spread to
5864:of the Bohtan Emirate. Well-known examples are
5392:recounting the tales of Kurdish heroes such as
5111:, a widely recurring character in Kurdish tales
4926:, approximately 1.3 million Kurds live in
4596:exposure to cold and disease. On 5 April 1991,
4522:and around 100,000 elsewhere in southern Iraq.
4045:are considered to be partly of Kurdish origin.
3263:, which had lain in waste since the passage of
2818:In 838, a Kurdish leader based in Mosul, named
2674:, were probably Kurds and worshiped the martyr
1608:made provision for a Kurdish state in the 1920
495:
16716:Ethnic groups divided by international borders
14762:
13939:. California: University of California Press.
13833:
13758:Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums
13543:
13080:"Nashville's new nickname: 'Little Kurdistan'"
11571:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992).
11465:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992).
11042:
11040:
10920:
10818:United Nations Security Council Committee 1267
10240:. London: Tauris Academic Studies. p. 4.
9846:. Macmillan and Company, limited. p. 277.
9117:
9065:
9063:
9018:
8778:"Iran v. Peoples of Iran (1) A General Survey"
7906:
6595:"Svenskkurder: SjÀlvstÀndighet kan inte vÀnta"
4657:began, killing 796 civilians, wounding 1,562.
4549:Kurdish girls in traditional Kurdish costume,
2365:influenced other religious systems, including
2020:The Zaza and Gorani are ethnic Kurds, but the
1776:
1718:
1712:
1699:
15512:
15340:
14812:
13020:
13002:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables"
12062:
12060:
11785:
11380:
11378:
10981:
10688:, 600 pp., Cambridge University Press, 2008,
10659:, 600 pp., Cambridge University Press, 2008,
10624:Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self-determination
10408:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 312.
9850:
7519:
7378:"Timeline: The Kurds' Quest for Independence"
6057:Mercier. Kurde (Asie) by Auguste Wahlen, 1843
4474:Iraqi Kurdistan independence referendum, 2017
4146:in 1918â1922, while Iran did the same during
2599:. The Kurds have ethnically diverse origins.
2150:, while a significant minority adhere to the
1745:
1498:
1463:
395:
273:
54:
46:
14757:"The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website
14664:
14493:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
13436:Hopkins, M. (1989). "Diamonds in the Pile".
13317:
13315:
13313:
12920:"UK Polling Report Election Guide: Dewsbury"
11741:
11739:
10901:
9782:
9780:
9283:Seminar at the American University of Beirut
9270:Seminar at the American University of Beirut
8954:"The Ethnic Identity of the Kurds in Turkey"
8489:. 16 April 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
8292:Ancient rites and old religions in Kurdistan
8066:
7963:Ancient rites and old religions in Kurdistan
7702:The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam
7646:
7529:. Second Edition. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 9.
5276:colours it helps keep the atmosphere clean.
4717:On 12 March 2004, beginning at a stadium in
3467:. In the summer of 1917 Kurds were moved to
3335:Rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire
2572:. Some researchers consider the independent
2564:, on the other hand, form a subgroup of the
2119:, displaced there mostly in the time of the
1760:as the tribe who opposed the retreat of the
1739:
1731:
575:
355:
14427:Bosworth, C. Edmund (2003). "HAZÄRASPIDS".
14119:
14087:
14070:Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
14000:
13972:
12409:M. Farouk-Sluglett, P. Sluglett, J. Stork,
12183:
12181:
12017:
11416:
11242:, 194 pp., Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. (p.66)
11166:The Kurds: A Nation on the Way to Statehood
11037:
10871:"Rus Aydın: PKK Terör ĂrgĂŒtĂŒ Ăıkmaza Girdi"
10766:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134.
9947:
9945:
9771:
9759:
9747:
9553:
9152:. Cambridge University Press. p. 761.
9060:
8899:
8828:
8801:
8045:
6965:
6963:
6891:Al-Khatib, Mahmoud A.; Al-Ali, Mohammed N.
6890:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6203:A Kurdish man wearing traditional clothes,
5540:Another prominent Kurdish film director is
4233:which arose among Kurds under influence of
1794:
1786:
595:
30:"Kurd" redirects here. For other uses, see
15519:
15505:
15347:
15333:
14819:
14805:
14628:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America
14212:
13645:. Tert.am. 21 October 2011. Archived from
13385:"Silenced Kurdish storytellers sing again"
13188:
12529:
12413:, MERIP Reports, JulyâSeptember 1984, p.24
12301:
12260:
12258:
12103:
12057:
11977:
11702:
11673:"Iranian Identity iv. 19thâ20th Centuries"
11666:
11664:
11662:
11507:
11385:Schofield, Richard N. (15 December 1989).
11375:
11270:Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination
11198:"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer"
10891:List of designated terrorist organizations
10399:
10397:
10395:
10319:
10294:Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds
10133:Prison Writings: The Roots of Civilisation
8988:, The Harvill Press, 1948, p. 16 and p. 31
8721:Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology
8395:"The Kurdish Tribes of the Ottoman Empire"
7767:
7278:
7271:A Brief Survey of the History of the Kurds
7227:. Vol. 5. Brill Online. p. 439.
7133:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6033:(1992 to date) â Autonomous region in Iraq
4955:United Kingdom (especially in the town of
4385:has served as minister of education under
3768:a supporter of KSP-T won the mayoralty of
1470:
1456:
64:
15827:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party â Iraq Region
15354:
14787:
14519:Matthee, Rudi (2008). "SAFAVID DYNASTY".
14457:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIII. Fasc. 5
14361:
14295:
14198:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14109:Matthee, Rudi. "Ć AYណ-ÊżALI KHAN ZANGANA".
13908:
13325:. Westport: Libraries Unlimited, pp. 200.
13310:
13273:
13263:
12852:Kurds and Kurdistan: A General Background
12779:Serhildana 12ĂȘ AdarĂȘ ya Kurdistana SuriyĂȘ
12190:Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security
11736:
11384:
11352:
10904:"EUR-Lex â L:2008:188:TOC â EN â EUR-Lex"
10577:
10567:
10291:
10012:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
9777:
9565:
8808:. University of Texas Press. p. 87.
8253:
8097:
7920:
7876:
7728:
7693:
7691:
7108:
6351:(Online ed.). Langley, Virginia: US
5690:Another prominent sport is wrestling. In
4037:. Some modern Iranian dynasties like the
3612:Kurds are often regarded as "the largest
3475:. Through these measures, the Young Turk
2181:also have millions of Kurdish followers.
555:
535:
455:
415:
375:
313:
195:
15651:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
14527:
14463:
14426:
14352:
14333:
14193:
14143:. Vol. II. Fasc. 1. pp. 97â98.
14094:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
13982:(2 ed.). Mazda Publishers. p.
13934:
13745:
13623:. Gundem.milliyet.com.tr. 21 August 2012
13416:
12664:. Human Rights Watch, 31 December 2004.
12178:
11850:Parvin, Nassereddin (15 December 2006).
11745:
11163:Abdulla, Jamal Jalal (7 February 2012).
10602:"Linguistic and Ethnic Groups in Turkey"
10354:
10352:
9942:
9735:
9682:
9516:
9492:
9432:
9096:
9027:
8875:Transactions of the Philological Society
8654:Journal of the American Oriental Society
8651:
8082:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
7935:
7791:
7429:Journal of the American Oriental Society
7426:
7420:
7408:
7402:
7351:
6960:
6452:
6322:
5896:
5788:
5770:
5618:, a Kurdish footballer, striker for the
5610:
5496:, and Ereb Samilov and C. Jamharyan for
5464:
5343:
5292:
5240:
5210:. Throughout other Kurdish regions like
5182:
5102:
5062:
4907:
4895:
4787:
4674:
4582:
4544:
4477:
4330:, were executed or assassinated. During
4271:
4184:
3868:
3782:
3684:
3681:Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey
3529:
3346:
3130:
3119:
2989:
2851:
2845:In the 10thâ12th centuries, a number of
2809:
2711:
2647:Similarly, in AD 360, the Sassanid king
2629:You've bitten off more than you can chew
2552:: "We are the children of the Medes and
2384:In 2016, the first official Zoroastrian
2316:
2198:
1981:Kurds often speak little or no Kurdish.
1905:
1893:
1640:, along with ongoing armed conflicts in
515:
475:
435:
293:
253:
233:
115:
14731:The Kurdish Center of International Pen
14518:
14435:
14355:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica. Vol. VII, Fasc. 2
14286:
14267:
14033:
13828:Revitalization Project of Erbil Citadel
13694:
13466:. Museumvictoria.com.au. Archived from
13435:
13177:Medrese education in northern Kurdistan
13148:
12811:. Agence France-Presse. 13 October 2019
12255:
12187:
12148:The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran
11659:
11417:Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (20 July 2005).
11355:"Boundaries i. With the Ottoman Empire"
11333:After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?
11312:After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?
11162:
10392:
10179:
10144:
10097:
9996:
9651:
9646:
9463:
9444:
9249:
9069:
8949:Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey
8928:
8902:The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2
8702:Victoria Arekelova, Garnik S. Asatryan
8075:
7844:Sarigil, Zeki; Fazlioglu, Omer (2014).
6791:"Ethnic composition of Kazakhstan 2021"
6381:
6275:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
6037:Democratic Federation of Northern Syria
4706:include various bans on the use of the
4241:which included a separatist attempt of
4124:During the late 1910s and early 1920s,
3978:until its Western part was lost during
3886:after adding the following sentence in
3821:'s military allies the US, the EU, and
3325:Kurdish nationalism of the 20th century
2700:, identified as being in the region of
2631:and you have brought death to yourself.
175:
14:
16698:
14546:
14499:
14366:. State University of New York Press.
14353:Bosworth, C. Edmund (1994). "Daysam".
14314:
14287:Peacock, Andrew (2000). "SHADDADIDS".
14240:
14217:. Vol. III, Fasc. 5. p. 485.
14147:
14001:Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2012).
12264:
12143:
12066:
11897:
11849:
11670:
11004:from the original on 18 November 2022.
10950:"Turkey: a history of sexual violence"
10947:
10845:"tagblatt.ch â Schlagzeilen"
10707:
10403:
10071:Dominik J. Schaller, JĂŒrgen Zimmerer,
10002:
9671:
9666:
9656:
9601:
9197:
9147:
8991:
8718:
8583:
8352:
8288:
8173:Maisel, Sebastian (24 December 2016).
8172:
8166:
8137:
8099:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.254
8076:Allison, Christine (25 January 2017).
8022:
7697:
7688:
7333:(6th ed.). Encyclopedia.com. 2014
7284:
5226:rugs were also woven to great extent.
5037:. Kurds, for instance, also celebrate
4580:that killed 5000 civilians instantly.
3639:
155:
135:
16386:
16278:
16100:
15975:
15548:
15500:
15328:
14800:
14551:. Vol. VIII. Fasc. 1. p. 8.
14468:(Second ed.). Brill Publishers.
14454:
14431:. Vol. XII. Fasc. 1. p. 93.
14380:
14221:
14174:
14138:
14122:The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam
14003:Iran and the World in the Safavid Age
12845:
12681:Washington, D.C. (2 September 2005).
11812:
11353:McLachlan, Keith (15 December 1989).
11092:
10982:Cumming-Bruce, Nick (10 March 2017).
10763:Nation Building in Turkey and Morocco
10759:
10734:
10713:
10535:. Countrystudies.us. 31 December 1994
10349:
10263:
10208:Dan Landis, Rosita D. Albert (2012).
10145:Kennedy, J. Michael (17 April 2012).
9661:
9589:
9577:
9504:
9480:
9319:
9294:
9172:
8998:John A. Shoup III (17 October 2011).
8929:Schmitt, RĂŒdiger (15 December 1993).
8861:Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds
8704:Prolegomena To The Study Of The Kurds
8392:
8133:
8131:
7983:
7940:. Minority Rights Group. p. 57.
7743:. Washington, DC: US State Department
7600:
7240:
7225:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition
4154:'s military victory over Kurdish and
3724:. In 1961, in a foreword to the book
3098:" in modern historiography. His son,
3044:took place, wherein the Safavid king
2218:with roots in a western branch of an
1510:native to the mountainous region of
1178:Kurdish rebellions during World War I
16680:
16622:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
14781:What's in a name? Too much in Turkey
14769:A report on the Kurdish IDP's â 2005
14555:
14547:Savory, Roger (2008). "EBN BAZZÄZ".
13953:
13034:. Statistics Canada. 24 October 2012
12707:
12532:"Grateful Iraqis Surrender to Kurds"
11819:Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
10358:
10327:. Istanbul: Isis Press. p. 43.
10235:
9788:"The cultural situation of the Kurds
9723:
9676:
9358:. Trans. G. H. A. Juynboll. Albany:
8752:. Infobase Publishing. p. 518.
8586:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
8199:
7768:Hassanpour, Amir (7 November 1995).
7552:
6735:"Ethnic Group â Full Detail_QS201NI"
6470:
6311:
5860:, with its trademark conical roofs.
5439:. In Europe, well-known artists are
5123:animals, love, heroes and villains,
4294:insurgencies continued for decades (
4022:but also the northeastern region of
3127:, the Laki ruler of the Zand Dynasty
2968:; also frequently clashing with the
2916:(1148â1424) ruled southwestern Iran.
2732:to refer to the Kurds. According to
110:Regions with significant populations
16670:
14826:
14626:Dundas, Chad. "Kurdish Americans."
14213:Hassanpour, A. (1988). "BAHDÄȘNÄN".
14108:
12760:. Human Rights Watch. 18 March 2004
12683:"Syria's Kurds Struggle for Rights"
11751:Kurdish Politics in the Middle East
11105:(Report). 24 March 2014. p. 57
10806:
10547:
10212:. New York: Springer. p. 243.
10161:from the original on 3 January 2022
9840:Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes (1930).
9822:
8200:Rowe, Paul S. (20 September 2018).
7954:
7722:As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish
6751:
6727:
6709:"QS211EW â Ethnic group (detailed)"
6701:
6676:
6460:The cultural situation of the Kurds
4900:Protest in Berlin, Germany against
4757:Turkish military operation in Afrin
4377:Kurds have been well integrated in
3411:, head of a missionary hospital in
3247:, the historian, who was a Kurd of
2939:and parts of southeastern Anatolia.
2728:Early Syriac sources use the terms
2345:. Leading characteristics, such as
2082:. The Kurds are the fourth-largest
1740:
1494:
47:
24:
14575:
14464:Minorsky, Vladimir (2012). "Lak".
14139:Aáž„mad, K. M. (1985). "ÊżANNAZIDS".
12833:. Fox News Channel. 7 October 2019
12685:. Voice of America. Archived from
11878:Zabih, Sepehr (15 December 1992).
11671:Ashraf, Ahmad (15 December 2006).
11574:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
11468:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
11253:The Kurds and the future of Turkey
11240:The Kurds and the future of Turkey
10720:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 63.
9360:State University of New York Press
8887:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1961.tb00987.x
8832:The Kurds: A contemporary overview
8746:Barbara A. West (1 January 2009).
8355:The Penguin Dictionary of Religion
8254:Omarkhali, Khanna (January 2009).
8230:The Cambridge History of the Kurds
8128:
8116:from the original on 11 March 2019
8039:
8016:
7977:
7960:
7832:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
6592:
6039:(2013 to date) â Autonomy of Syria
6017:with only 4 haplogroups in total;
5893:Genetic history of the Middle East
5333:
5268:Kurdish blades include a distinct
3363:Kurdish nationalism emerged after
2905:(990â1117) ruled western Iran and
2898:(990â1096) ruled eastern Anatolia.
2707:
25:
16737:
14708:
14658:
14640:, 2016, University of Texas Press
14616:The Kurdish Question Then and Now
13323:A Fire in My Heart: Kurdish Tales
12890:"'I will not be muzzled' â Malik"
11335:, 356 pp., Westview Press, 1999,
11314:, 356 pp., Westview Press, 1999,
10794:. Human Right Agenda Assosication
10404:Elling, Rasmus Christian (2013).
10135:, 2007, Pluto Press, pp. 243â277.
9952:Laçiner, Bal; Bal, Ihsan (2004).
7267:
6764:. Scotland Census. Archived from
6168:A Kurdish woman and a child from
5901:A Kurdish father and daughter in
5408:is a form of religious music and
4486:, meeting with U.S. officials in
3988:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
3339:Deportations of Kurds (1916â1934)
3208:
2979:
2716:áčąalÄáž„ ad-DÄ«n YĆ«suf ibn AyyĆ«b, or
2306:
16721:Ancient peoples of the Near East
16711:Ethnic groups in the Middle East
16679:
16669:
16659:
16650:
16649:
15955:2021â2022 Iraqi political crisis
15529:
14751:The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary
14474:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0562
14251:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233
14241:Spuler, B. (2012). "Faážlawayh".
14091:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
14077:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
13883:
13861:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x
13820:
13813:Institut kurde de Paris (2011) '
13807:
13794:
13778:
13739:
13718:
13709:
13700:
13688:
13661:
13635:
13613:
13573:
13560:
13537:
13501:
13485:
13429:
13410:
13378:
13358:
13341:
13328:
13239:
13213:
13182:
13170:
13123:
13098:
13072:
13046:
12968:
12942:
12912:
12882:
12857:
12823:
12801:
12784:
12772:
12750:
12728:
12712:. The Media Line. Archived from
12674:
12655:
12614:
12588:
12570:
12554:
12523:
12501:
12483:
12466:
12453:
12441:
12416:
12403:
12390:
12378:
12365:
12335:
12295:
12218:
12137:
12097:
12011:
11971:
11928:
11891:
11872:
11843:
11806:
11779:
11696:
11501:
11346:
11325:
11304:
11279:
11258:
11245:
11232:
11207:
11190:
11156:
11142:
11117:
11067:
11008:
10975:
10941:
10914:
10895:
10884:
10863:
10836:
10780:
10753:
10678:
10628:University of Pennsylvania Press
10616:
10594:
10525:
10495:
10467:
10430:
10313:
10285:
10257:
10229:
10201:
10173:
10138:
10091:
10086:Eurasian Geography and Economics
10078:
10065:
10045:
9925:
9908:
9891:
9878:
9866:
9828:
9794:
9695:
9635:
9629:American Society of Genealogists
9621:
9595:
9534:
9409:
9400:
9391:
9378:
9365:
9348:
9313:
9288:
9275:
9262:
9243:
9226:
9191:
9166:
9141:
9111:10.1163/160984909x12476379007846
9090:
9048:
8978:
8922:
8893:
8866:
8853:
8802:Ofra Bengio (15 November 2014).
8772:
7909:Journal of the History of Sufism
7067:. United Nations. Archived from
6715:. Office for National Statistics
6211:
6196:
6181:
6161:
6138:
6126:
6108:
6089:
6077:
6062:
6050:
5472:at the presentation of his film
4969:refugees of the Syrian Civil War
4818:) and eastern Zangazur (capital
4773:
4762:In October 2019, Turkey and the
4498:. Kurds also have a presence in
3774:National Liberation of Kurdistan
3762:Kurdistan Socialist Party-Turkey
3251:. He divided the territory into
2814:Kurdish warriors by Frank Feller
2220:Iranic pre-Zoroastrian religion.
2203:Yazidi new year celebrations in
742:
597:
577:
557:
537:
517:
497:
477:
457:
437:
417:
397:
377:
357:
336:
315:
295:
275:
255:
235:
216:
197:
177:
157:
137:
117:
16726:Indigenous peoples of West Asia
16434:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
15857:1979â1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
15847:1974â1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
15586:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
14410:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0323
14179:. California University Press.
14158:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_25080
14088:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015).
13826:UNESCO Office for Iraq (2007) '
13667:
12980:Kurd Net â Ekurd.net Daily News
12954:Kurd Net â Ekurd.net Daily News
12561:Full Text of Iraqi Constitution
12448:Security Council Resolution 688
11888:. New York: Columbia University
11860:. New York: Columbia University
11427:. New York: Columbia University
11395:. New York: Columbia University
11363:. New York: Columbia University
11130:(Report). 2003. pp. 11, 13
10686:The Cambridge History of Turkey
10657:The Cambridge History of Turkey
10292:Karolides, Nicholas J. (2006).
10088:, Vol. 43, No. 4, 2002, p. 279.
9958:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics
9605:Renaissance Texts & Studies
9028:McDowall, David (14 May 2004).
8822:
8795:
8766:
8739:
8712:
8696:
8680:
8645:
8612:
8577:
8549:
8521:
8493:
8475:
8445:
8434:
8425:
8386:
8346:
8329:
8307:
8282:
8247:
8220:
8193:
8046:Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1995).
7929:
7900:
7837:
7824:
7796:
7761:
7663:
7640:
7621:
7594:
7576:
7532:
7498:
7488:
7463:
7413:. Vol. 13. pp. 1â58.
7384:
7370:
7345:
7319:
7305:
7261:
7234:
7212:
7198:
7184:
7170:
7086:
7054:
7033:
7011:
6989:
6973:. Census Bureau. Archived from
6935:
6910:
6884:
6858:
6833:
6804:
6783:
6646:
6620:
6586:
6560:
6418:. SĂŒddeutsche.de. 21 March 2018
5766:
5698:Zhir-o-Bal (a style similar to
5474:Nobody Knows About Persian Cats
5384:in nature, such as the popular
4830:government. As a result of the
4753:Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army
4348:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3381:
2415:Bible translations into Kurdish
2404:
2024:are not classified as Kurdish.
1898:Kurdish-inhabited areas in the
1764:through the mountains north of
1723:refers to an area in the upper
15717:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
14746:Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds
14721:The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan
14715:The Kurdish Institute of Paris
14560:. Cambridge University Press.
14532:. Cambridge University Press.
14440:. Princeton University Press.
14385:. Cambridge University Press.
14362:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).
14319:. Cambridge University Press.
14120:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2008).
14038:. Cambridge University Press.
13726:A Traveller's History of Egypt
13599:Pahlevani Research Institute '
13221:"Erdogan's new Kurdish allies"
12598:. Gazetteer.de. Archived from
12029:University of California Press
10948:Duzgun, Meral (10 June 2013).
9238:University of California Press
9137:– via Project Gutenberg.
9055:KĂąrnĂąmag Ăź ArdashĂźr Ăź BabagĂąn.
8706:, Iran and The Caucasus, 2009
8233:. Cambridge University Press.
7984:Foltz, Richard (1 June 2017).
7706:. W.W. Norton and Co. p.
7647:Nodar Mosaki (14 March 2012).
7192:"Learn About Kurdish Religion"
6527:
6502:
6480:
6430:
6408:
5717:Zouran-Patouleh, practised in
5683:and the most famous player is
5633:; however a team representing
5236:
5041:(21 March) as New Year's Day.
4959:and in some northern areas of
4262:Azerbaijan People's Government
4069:under strong influence of the
3863:European Court of Human Rights
3390:regiments during World War I.
3197:The Kurdish tribes present in
3175:, Karim Khan managed to seize
3109:
2822:, revolted against the Caliph
2609:Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan
2593:Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan
2566:Northwestern Iranian languages
2038:The number of Kurds living in
1819:as a common noun to refer to '
1686:The exact origins of the name
626:In their different varieties:
13:
1:
15976:
14679:10.1080/00905992.2015.1049135
14338:. Columbia University Press.
14150:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
14124:. Columbia University Press.
13728:, Arris Publishing Ltd. 2007
12926:. 9 June 2012. Archived from
12398:Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds
12373:Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds
12309:. Cambridge, U.K.; New York:
10935:10.1016/S0030-4387(00)00057-0
9406:Kennedy (2004), pp. 266, 269.
9212:10.1080/00210862.2015.1129763
9057:Trans. D. D. P. Sanjana. 1896
9031:A Modern History of the Kurds
8624:. Infobase Publishing. 2009.
7990:Journal of Persianate Studies
7527:A Modern History of the Kurds
7291:. University of Texas Press.
7274:. Kurdish Institute of Paris.
6306:
6290:National symbols of the Kurds
6280:List of Kurdish organisations
6245:History of the Kurdish people
6234:A Modern History of the Kurds
6218:A Kurdish woman fighter from
5832:in Diyarbakir, the Shadaddid
5724:Zouran-Machkeh, practised in
5544:. His first feature film was
5312:Tattoo ink is made by mixing
5297:Kurdish woman with deq tattoo
5245:A Kurdish nobleman bearing a
4922:According to a report by the
4799:Between the 1930s and 1980s,
4624:Kurdistan Regional Government
4389:in 1952. During the reign of
3616:", Some researchers, such as
3415:, documented the large-scale
3405:in the new Turkish Republic.
3173:OttomanâPersian War (1775â76)
2952:was founded by Kurdish ruler
2909:(succeeded the Hasanwayhids).
2760:. Their mahdi called himself
2730:Hurdanaye, Kurdanaye, Kurdaye
2460:History of the Kurdish people
2027:
1827:group with such a lifestyle.
1809:might be derived from a term
1016:Timeline of Kurdish uprisings
16213:in ISIL-controlled territory
16101:
14601:Resources in other libraries
14530:Studies in Caucasian History
14296:Magoulias, Harry J. (1975).
13929:General and cited references
13672:. VirtualANI. Archived from
13195:Les Annales de l'Autre Islam
12109:Iran Between Two Revolutions
11983:Iran Between Two Revolutions
11708:Iran Between Two Revolutions
11514:Iran Between Two Revolutions
11419:"Kurdish Written Literature"
11219:Kurdish Human Rights Project
9334:10.1080/00210862.2014.934149
7812:. Institute of Estonia (EKI)
7601:James, Boris (3 July 2019).
6440:. heise.de. 5 September 2018
6316:
5919:Kurmanji speakers in Georgia
5620:Swiss national football team
5044:
4822:) were combined to form the
4751:by Turkish Armed Forces and
4436:, particularly Kurds of the
4217:has endorsed Iranian ethnic
4061:) has been developed within
3614:ethnic group without a state
3542:From 1922 to 1924 in Iraq a
3367:with the dissolution of the
2464:
2277:
2009:Southern group (part of the
1811:
1785:but opt for derivation from
1777:
1744:), re-adopted in Kurdish as
1719:
1713:
1700:
1690:are unclear. The underlying
1675:
7:
16387:
16279:
16124:Council of Representatives
15862:Weapons of mass destruction
15549:
15254:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
14788:Sonia Roy (22 April 2011).
14763:The Kurdish issue in Turkey
14272:(3nd ed.). Routledge.
14226:. Oxford University Press.
13910:10.2174/1874220301401010043
13189:Bruinessen, Martin (1998).
12641:"Syria: The Silenced Kurds"
11387:"Boundaries v. With Turkey"
11169:. AuthorHouse. p. 36.
10024:10.1080/1066992042000300701
9888:, (Ithaca Press, 2010), 15.
9642:Amoretti & Matthee 2009
9529:Mazaheri & Gholami 2008
8138:BirgĂŒl, Açıkyıldız (2010).
7140:Michiel Leezenberg (1993).
6353:Central Intelligence Agency
6226:
5915:Kurmanji speakers in Turkey
5886:
5671:was one of the founders of
5600:The Market: A Tale of Trade
5494:The Kurds of Soviet Armenia
5196:those from the Bijar region
5098:
5070:'s female fighters in Syria
4872:Kurds in the United Kingdom
4841:
4794:Khari Bulbul Music Festival
4569:southern and central Iraq.
4137:suffer in the attacks, the
3815:Partiya KarkerĂȘn KurdistanĂȘ
3726:DoÄu Ä°lleri ve Varto Tarihi
3536:Central Intelligence Agency
2226:, who is symbolized with a
2184:
2126:
2002:Central group (part of the
1883:
1746:
1732:
1518:, which spans southeastern
1499:
55:
10:
16742:
15852:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
14726:Istanbul Kurdish Institute
14556:Manz, Beatrice F. (2021).
14495:. Oxford University Press.
14300:. State University Press.
13754:Aga Khan Trust for Culture
13715:NecipoÄlu, 1994, pp.35â36.
13525:The first film about Kurds
12311:Cambridge University Press
12231:Greenwood Publishing Group
12113:Princeton University Press
12073:Cambridge University Press
11987:Princeton University Press
11904:Cambridge University Press
11792:Cambridge University Press
11712:Princeton University Press
11519:Princeton University Press
11125:The prohibition of torture
8906:Cambridge University Press
8829:Kreyenbroek, P.G. (2000).
8374:. Rudaw. 21 September 2016
8023:Khanna, Omarkhali (2011).
7938:The Kurds: A Nation Denied
7356:. Routledge. p. 587.
6866:"Fakta: Kurdere i Danmark"
6403:Kurdish Institute of Paris
6043:
5890:
5458:
5337:
5286:
5282:
5178:
5056:
5013:
5009:
4880:Kurds in the United States
4845:
4780:Kurdish-Armenian relations
4777:
4664:
4587:Pro-independence rally in
4455:
4189:Iranian Kurds celebrating
3943:
3711:deny an existence of Kurds
3658:
3643:
3328:
3212:
3113:
3025:, marked the start of the
2983:
2865:(951â1174) ruled parts of
2468:
2457:
2453:
2408:
2310:
2281:
2188:
2130:
2031:
1887:
1679:
1223:Kurdish Republic of Lachin
1208:Kurdish Republic of Ararat
101:Kurdish Institute of Paris
29:
16645:
16544:
16399:
16395:
16382:
16287:
16274:
16109:
16096:
15984:
15971:
15792:
15709:
15561:
15557:
15544:
15362:
15244:
15228:
15207:
15191:
15155:
14834:
14792:. Foreign Policy Journal.
14596:Resources in your library
14558:Nomads in the Middle East
14504:. Yale University Press.
14336:The New Islamic Dynasties
14028:The Kurdish Woman's Life.
13935:Aslanian, Sebouh (2011).
13830:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13817:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13804:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13670:"The Mosque of Minuchihr"
13570:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13534:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13530:29 September 2013 at the
13407:'. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
12188:Katzman, Kenneth (2009).
12111:. Princeton, New Jersey:
11710:. Princeton, New Jersey:
11631:Syracuse University Press
11517:. Princeton, New Jersey:
11029:(2(D)): 5â7. March 2005.
10268:. Macmillan. p. 24.
9970:10.1080/13537110490518282
9084:10.1080/00210866808701350
9004:. ABC-CLIO. p. 159.
8598:10.1017/S0035869X00067605
8002:10.1163/18747167-12341309
7485:, (see footnote of p.257)
7331:The Columbia Encyclopedia
7311:Based on arithmetic from
6539:Christian Science Monitor
5929:bi-allelic markers and 9
5735:Kurdish medalists in the
5606:
5547:A Time for Drunken Horses
5454:
5093:female genital mutilation
4832:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
4764:Syrian Interim Government
4470:Halabja poison gas attack
4269:enter Mahabad unopposed.
4197:As a response to growing
4128:led by Kurdish chieftain
3665:Kurds of Central Anatolia
3654:
3298:was the last emir of the
3155:who would come to power.
2084:ethnic group in West Asia
2013:dialect group) including
1832:Muslim conquest of Persia
1550:, as well as significant
702:
697:
660:
655:
619:
614:
594:
574:
554:
534:
514:
494:
474:
454:
434:
414:
394:
374:
354:
332:
312:
292:
272:
252:
232:
214:
194:
174:
154:
134:
114:
109:
82:
77:
63:
16203:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
16114:Administrative divisions
15259:Ancient Iranian religion
14315:Tapper, Richard (1997).
14175:Laine, James W. (2015).
14073:McKiernan, Kevin. 2006.
13849:Annals of Human Genetics
13746:Gonnella, Julia (2008),
13610:' Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13511:' Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13498:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13391:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13375:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13338:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13265:10.1186/1471-2458-13-809
12668:10 November 2008 at the
12307:A History of Modern Iran
12021:; Zabih, Sepehr (1974).
9905:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
9863:. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
9602:Butler, Herbert (2012).
9328:(5): 683â712 (see 692).
8900:Gershevitch, I. (1985).
7936:McDowall, David (1992).
7737:"Background Note: Syria"
6593:TT (23 September 2017).
6514:The Washington Institute
5667:In Turkey, a Kurd named
5052:
4856:Kurds in the Netherlands
4691:Kurds account for 9% of
4660:
4518:, 50,000 in the city of
4490:, Iraq, on 26 April 2006
4414:Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
4249:groups to establish the
4150:against Turkey in 1930.
3905:for human rights by the
3811:Kurdistan Workers' Party
3732:, the Turkish president
3705:estimated the number of
3603:Kurdistan Workers' Party
3599:Kurdistan Workers' Party
3583:1960 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
3489:aftermath of World War I
3151:, a Laki general of the
3081:Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh
3023:West Azerbaijan Province
2450:and Ivane Mkhargrdzeli.
2137:
1950:since the 10th century.
15762:Mandate for Mesopotamia
15636:First Babylonian Empire
15199:Ancient Iranian peoples
14643:Maisel, Sebastian, ed.
14222:Lewis, Bernard (2002).
13581:Eren Derdiyok's Profile
13568:Bahman Ghobadi's Awards
13160:culturalorientation.net
12626:13 October 2007 at the
12194:Nova Science Publishers
11287:"Election results 2009"
11152:. HRW. 2002. p. 7.
10843:St.Galler Tagblatt AG.
10180:Minahan, James (2002).
9772:Floor & Herzig 2012
8289:Turgut, Lokman (2013).
8144:. London: I.B. Tauris.
8090:Oxford University Press
7853:Nations and Nationalism
7698:Mackey, Sandra (2002).
7675:Encyclopedia Britannica
7588:18 October 2007 at the
7525:McDowall, David. 2000.
7241:Shoup, John A. (2011).
6872:(in Danish). 8 May 2006
6688:Institut Kurde de Paris
5637:has been active in the
5348:Kurdish musicians, 1890
5301:Adorning the body with
4641:. The authority of the
4482:The President of Iraq,
4451:
4328:Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
4279:, the President of the
4237:. It culminated in the
3939:
3778:Kurdistan Workers Party
3677:Kurdistan Workers Party
3231:, after defeating Shah
3015:Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah
2740:. He also mentions the
2550:Kurdish national anthem
15921:Insurgency (2011â2013)
15842:IraqiâKurdish conflict
15646:Middle Assyrian Empire
14502:Iran: a Modern History
14500:Amanat, Abbas (2017).
14466:Encyclopaedia of Islam
14436:Matthee, Rudi (2005).
14381:Vacca, Alison (2017).
14334:Bosworth, C.E (1996).
14268:Kennedy, Hugh (2016).
14243:Encyclopaedia of Islam
14034:Kennedy, Hugh (1994).
13800:Lonely Planet (2012) '
13355:Retrieved 7 July 2013.
13131:"The Kurdish Diaspora"
12894:Dewsburyreporter.co.uk
12869:Dewsburyreporter.co.uk
12265:Howard, Roger (2004).
12144:Yodfat, Aryeh (1984).
12067:Romano, David (2006).
11898:Romano, David (2006).
10368:Transaction Publishers
10366:. New Brunswick, N.J:
9232:Walker, J. T. (2006).
9173:Weiss, Harvey (1986).
9148:Fisher, W. B. (1968).
8835:. Routledge. pp.
7094:"Australia â Ancestry"
6684:"The Kurdish Diaspora"
6490:. CNN. 11 January 2013
6399:The Kurdish Population
6285:List of Kurdish people
5925:HV1 sequences, eleven
5906:
5852:and most parts of the
5797:
5786:
5622:
5582:The Wind Will Carry Us
5481:
5416:), erotic poetry, and
5349:
5298:
5250:
5191:
5112:
5071:
4988:2011 Statistics Canada
4919:
4905:
4888:Kurdish Jews in Israel
4796:
4688:
4592:
4557:
4491:
4422:presidential candidate
4379:Iranian political life
4283:
4260:. It arose along with
4194:
4113:and the describing of
3992:Paris Peace Conference
3876:
3791:
3694:
3673:Human rights in Turkey
3539:
3360:
3267:, with Kurds from the
3136:
3128:
3100:Shahqoli Khan Zanganeh
3006:
3005:noblewomen in 1610 AD.
2857:
2847:Kurdish principalities
2815:
2725:
2666:Qadishaye, settled by
2640:The usage of the term
2638:
2444:American Bible Society
2329:
2295:and all of the Yarsan
2208:
1953:Many Kurds are either
1911:
1903:
1795:
1787:
1600:and the defeat of the
1581:, which belong to the
16208:in post-invasion Iraq
15914:U.S. troop withdrawal
15676:Neo-Babylonian Empire
15356:Ethnic groups in Iran
15156:Related ethnic groups
14693:Meho, Lokman I., ed.
14623:, Volume 68, Issue 05
14528:Minorsky, V. (1953).
14402:Encyclopedia Islamica
14112:Encyclopaedia Iranica
14059:Longrigg, S.H. 1953.
13897:Open Medicine Journal
13706:Peterson, 1996, p.26.
13321:Edgecomb, D. (2007).
12924:Ukpollingreport.co.uk
12459:Johnathan C. Randal,
11943:Duke University Press
10760:Aslan, Senem (2014).
10714:Baser, Bahar (2015).
10533:"Turkey â Population"
10266:Let's Go 2003: Turkey
9540:F. Robinson. (1996).
9415:K. M. Ahmed. (2012).
9397:Canard (1986), p. 126
9384:K. A. Brook. (2009).
9299:. Brill. p. 20.
9099:Iran and the Caucasus
7607:. Brill. p. 20.
7553:Paul, Ludwig (2008).
7409:Asatrian, G. (2009).
7285:Bengio, Ofra (2014).
6819:Statistics of Armenia
6145:A Kurdish woman from
5900:
5868:of the 17th century,
5792:
5774:
5700:Greco-Roman wrestling
5614:
5468:
5347:
5296:
5244:
5186:
5106:
5066:
4911:
4899:
4791:
4697:Amnesty International
4678:
4586:
4548:
4481:
4456:Further information:
4395:reign of the Pahlavis
4391:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
4281:Republic of Kurdistan
4275:
4223:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
4188:
4049:in all of its forms (
3872:
3861:Since the 1970s, the
3800:military coup of 1980
3786:
3688:
3644:Further information:
3624:, who worked for the
3618:Martin van Bruinessen
3567:Albanians from Kosovo
3533:
3350:
3329:Further information:
3213:Further information:
3201:and some of those in
3134:
3123:
3114:Further information:
2993:
2984:Further information:
2931:, Upper Mesopotamia,
2855:
2813:
2715:
2698:the land of the Kurds
2626:
2367:Second Temple Judaism
2320:
2202:
2133:Religion in Kurdistan
2022:ZazaâGorani languages
1909:
1897:
1579:ZazaâGorani languages
698:Related ethnic groups
32:Kurd (disambiguation)
16157:Council of Ministers
16039:Mesopotamian Marshes
15220:Proto-Indo-Europeans
15132:Tats of the Caucasus
14667:Nationalities Papers
14549:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14521:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14429:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14289:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14245:. Brill Publishers.
14215:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14141:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
14066:Masters, W.M. 1953.
13954:Blow, David (2009).
13544:DVD ~ Yilmaz GĂŒney.
13496:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
13353:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
13349:"Yazidis i. General"
13179:dspace.library.uu.nl
13166:on 2 September 2006.
13084:The Washington Times
12716:on 30 September 2011
12689:on 14 September 2008
12643:. Human Rights Watch
12511:. CNN. 10 April 2003
12477:7 April 2014 at the
12273:. pp. 185â186.
12269:. London; New York:
11989:. pp. 217â218.
11885:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
11857:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
11821:. pp. 224â230.
11678:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
11577:. London; New York:
11471:. London; New York:
11424:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
11392:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
11360:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
10851:on 29 September 2007
10236:Aziz, Mahir (2010).
9903:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
9884:Dionisius A. Agius,
9762:, pp. 291, 536.
9631:. 1997. p. 244.
9386:The Jews of Khazaria
8782:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
8774:Frye, Richard Nelson
8463:on 28 September 2007
7774:Concordia University
7560:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
7435:(4): 683, 684, 687.
7021:. Statistics Finland
6295:Origins of the Kurds
6069:Kurdish warriors by
5947:Central Asian groups
5805:, are also present.
5751:; who won medals in
5737:2012 Summer Olympics
5646:Iraqi Premier League
5535:Cannes Film Festival
5133:Kaveh the Blacksmith
4448:faith is prevalent.
4410:Mohammad Reza Rahimi
4407:first vice president
4121:was quite frequent.
4117:Kurds as an Ottoman
4111:ShiaâSunni animosity
3958:History of the Kurds
3794:The words "Kurds", "
3634:Kurdish nationalists
3597:, also known as the
3544:Kingdom of Kurdistan
3289:Ottoman-Persian Wars
3083:, who served as the
3027:Ottoman-Persian Wars
2173:Beside Sunni Islam,
1995:Northern group (the
1630:history of the Kurds
1323:Kurdish philosophers
1203:Kingdom of Kurdistan
1029:Karduchian dynasties
170:est. 5.6â8.5 million
130:est. 14.3â20 million
27:Iranian ethnic group
16419:Mesopotamian Arabic
16225:Freedom of religion
15671:Neo-Assyrian Empire
15641:Old Assyrian Period
15626:Neo-Sumerian Empire
14738:, supported by the
14650:Shareef, Mohammed.
14459:. pp. 456â474.
14357:. pp. 172â173.
14026:Hansen, H.H. 1961.
13974:Bournoutian, George
13606:11 May 2022 at the
13438:Oriental Rug Review
13419:Oriental Rug Review
13371:18 May 2015 at the
13008:. Statistics Canada
12565:The Washington Post
12542:on 13 December 2007
11985:. Princeton, N.J.:
11683:Columbia University
11251:Michael M. Gunter,
11238:Michael M. Gunter,
10604:. Countrystudies.us
10264:Davis, Ben (2002).
9897:P. Oberling (2004)
9859:J. R. Perry (2011)
9843:A History of Persia
8986:Kurds and Kurdistan
8179:. Lexington Books.
8052:. E. Mellen Press.
7888:on 18 December 2022
7671:"Iranian languages"
7151:: 1. Archived from
7041:"Population/Census"
6977:on 12 February 2020
6121:, January 24, 1915)
5875:Most famous is the
5846:Pool of Sacred Fish
5484:The main themes of
5319:Religious symbolism
4784:Kurds in Azerbaijan
4598:UN Security Council
4434:Kurdish nationalism
4258:Republic of Mahabad
4239:Iran crisis of 1946
4182:among some tribes.
4134:Kurdish nationalism
3907:European Parliament
3893:In March 1994, the
3640:Kurdish communities
3525:Republic of Mahabad
3523:-sponsored Kurdish
3403:Turkish nationalism
3355:for an independent
3331:Kurdish nationalism
3179:for several years.
3019:Battle of Chaldiran
2795:wrote that in 639,
2471:Origin of the Kurds
1213:Republic of Mahabad
1183:Simko Shikak revolt
666:with minorities of
150:est. 8.2â12 million
60:
16350:Telecommunications
16325:Foreign Investment
16262:Wars and conflicts
16198:in pre-Saddam Iraq
16162:Presidency Council
15948:2019â2021 protests
15877:Invasion of Kuwait
15701:Sassanid Asorestan
15696:Parthian Babylonia
15691:Seleucid Babylonia
15686:Achaemenid Assyria
15601:Jemdet Nasr period
14654:(Routledge, 2014).
14052:Leach, E.R. 1938.
13802:Ishak Pasha Palace
13676:on 20 January 2007
13302:has generic name (
13086:. 23 February 2013
12930:on 10 October 2017
12796:The Jerusalem Post
12602:on 12 January 2012
12303:Abrahamian, Ervand
12154:St. Martin's Press
12105:Abrahamian, Ervand
11979:Abrahamian, Ervand
11704:Abrahamian, Ervand
11629:. Syracuse, N.Y.:
11509:Abrahamian, Ervand
11291:Secim.haberler.com
11203:. 2015. p. 1.
11150:Human Rights Watch
11023:Human Rights Watch
10989:The New York Times
10902:Union européenne.
10750:, 17 February 2008
10747:The New York Times
10513:on 18 October 2011
10321:Bruinessen, Martin
10154:The New York Times
10055:, p.322. Vintage.
9984:on 11 October 2007
9252:Parole de l'Orient
8966:on 15 October 2015
8393:Sykes, M. (1908).
8357:, Penguin Books UK
8353:Hinnel, J (1997),
7869:10.1111/nana.12058
7861:Bilkent University
7555:"Kurdish Language"
7391:Who are the Kurds?
7221:"Kurds, KurdistÄn"
6348:The World Factbook
6118:The New York Times
6015:Turkmenistan Kurds
5975:haplogroups J-M172
5958:, where ancestral
5951:genetic bottleneck
5907:
5877:Ishak Pasha Palace
5798:
5787:
5623:
5482:
5420:are also popular.
5350:
5299:
5251:
5192:
5113:
5072:
5020:Kurdish literature
4920:
4906:
4904:on 10 October 2019
4884:Kurds in Australia
4803:was a part of the
4797:
4743:Kurdish-inhabited
4689:
4651:series of bombings
4647:Iraqi Constitution
4600:passed resolution
4593:
4558:
4492:
4420:and second-placed
4387:Mohammad Mossadegh
4372:Iranian Revolution
4368:government of Iran
4362:and designated as
4284:
4195:
4139:Kurdish population
4078:government of Iran
4047:Kurdish literature
3895:Turkish Parliament
3884:Turkish Parliament
3877:
3792:
3730:Mehmet Ćerif Fırat
3695:
3540:
3497:Republic of Ararat
3361:
3351:Provisions of the
3287:) in the frequent
3137:
3129:
3007:
2923:(1171â1341) ruled
2858:
2816:
2779:. However, in the
2734:Michael the Syrian
2726:
2724:in the Middle East
2425:Kurdish Christians
2411:Kurdish Christians
2330:
2209:
2146:who adhere to the
2034:Kurdish population
1914:Kurdish (Kurdish:
1912:
1904:
1838:Sharafkhan Bidlisi
1632:includes numerous
1614:Treaty of Lausanne
1568:Kurdish population
1173:Kurdistansky Uyezd
819:Southern Kurdistan
799:Northern Kurdistan
190:est. 2â3.6 million
89:The World Factbook
42:
16693:
16692:
16641:
16640:
16637:
16636:
16627:Mandaean New Year
16378:
16377:
16270:
16269:
16252:Political parties
16147:Foreign relations
16092:
16091:
15999:Lower Mesopotamia
15994:Upper Mesopotamia
15967:
15966:
15963:
15962:
15727:Abbasid Caliphate
15722:Umayyad Caliphate
15631:Isin-Larsa period
15494:
15493:
15322:
15321:
15246:Iranian religions
15236:Iranian languages
15106:
15099:
15092:
15078:
15064:
15057:
15048:
15041:
15034:
15027:
15013:
15004:
14997:
14990:
14969:
14962:
14955:
14948:
14941:
14932:
14925:
14911:
14904:
14865:
14647:. ABC-Clio, 2018.
14582:Library resources
14539:978-0-521-05735-6
14447:978-1-4008-3260-6
14419:978-90-04-16860-2
14345:978-0-231-10714-3
14307:978-0-8143-1540-8
14233:978-0-19-158766-5
14205:978-0-521-20093-6
14186:978-0-520-95999-6
14131:978-0-231-14625-8
14083:978-0-312-32546-6
14045:978-0-521-79913-3
13767:978-2-940212-02-6
13347:C. Alison (2006).
13252:BMC Public Health
13227:. 5 February 2016
13135:institutkurde.org
12900:on 2 January 2010
12596:"World Gazetteer"
12353:on 18 August 2000
12320:978-0-521-52891-7
12280:978-1-84277-474-8
12240:978-0-313-33914-1
12229:. Santa Barbara:
12203:978-1-61470-116-3
12163:978-0-312-74910-1
12122:978-0-691-05342-4
12082:978-0-521-85041-4
12042:978-0-520-02683-4
11996:978-0-691-05342-4
11956:978-0-8223-0781-5
11913:978-0-521-85041-4
11828:978-0-203-42314-1
11764:978-0-7391-4039-0
11721:978-0-691-05342-4
11644:978-0-8156-2385-4
11592:978-0-415-07265-6
11528:978-0-691-05342-4
11486:978-0-415-07265-6
10908:eur-lex.europa.eu
10824:on 2 January 2016
10740:Toumani, Meline.
10727:978-1-4724-2562-1
10702:978-0-521-62096-3
10673:978-0-521-62096-3
10644:978-0-8122-1572-4
10452:978-0-8330-4527-0
10415:978-0-230-11584-2
10377:978-0-7658-0166-1
10334:978-975-428-177-4
10303:978-0-8160-7151-7
10275:978-0-312-30597-0
10247:978-1-84885-546-5
10219:978-1-4614-0447-7
10191:978-0-313-32110-8
10131:Abdullah Ăcalan,
10061:978-1-4000-7517-1
9937:978-0-7914-5993-5
9920:978-0-7914-5993-5
9861:"Karim Khan Zand"
9614:978-0-86698-475-1
9421:Leiden University
9371:T. Bois. (1966).
9041:978-1-85043-416-0
9011:978-1-59884-363-7
8815:978-0-292-75813-1
8759:978-1-4381-1913-7
8569:978-0-227-67931-9
8541:978-0-521-05735-6
8513:978-5-02-017569-3
8240:978-1-108-58301-5
8213:978-1-317-23378-7
8151:978-0-85772-061-0
8059:978-0-7734-9004-8
7780:on 20 August 2007
7614:978-90-04-38533-7
7483:978-0-521-20091-2
7399:, 31 October 2017
7354:Iranian Languages
7352:Windfuhr (2013).
7298:978-0-292-75813-1
7178:"Kurds in Turkey"
7120:Languages of Iran
6999:. 25 October 2017
6632:Institutkurde.org
6599:Svenska Dagbladet
6367:on 6 January 2019
6312:Explanatory notes
6236:by David McDowall
6174:Eastern Kurdistan
5971:Haplogroup I-M170
5854:Citadel of Aleppo
5692:Iranian Wrestling
5573:Mahsun KırmızıgĂŒl
5558:Behrouz Vossoughi
5139:, and stories of
5137:Iranian Mythology
4924:Council of Europe
4738:Rojava Revolution
4687:fighters in Syria
4607:League of Nations
4591:in September 2017
4466:Al-Anfal genocide
4254:puppet government
4020:Iranian Kurdistan
3996:Turkish Kurdistan
3954:Iranian Kurdistan
3950:Kurds of Khorasan
3923:Kurdish Hezbollah
3813:or PKK (Kurdish:
3715:Abdullah AlpdoÄan
3669:Turkish Kurdistan
3423:and Kurds by the
3277:Iranian dynasties
3223:Sheikh Ubeydullah
3036:The Safavid king
2907:Upper Mesopotamia
2720:, founder of the
2651:marched into the
2562:Kurdish languages
2521:. They conquered
2328:(guardian spirit)
2076:Iranian Kurdistan
2068:Turkish Kurdistan
1986:Iranian languages
1890:Kurdish languages
1706:Middle Bronze Age
1682:Name of the Kurds
1604:, the victorious
1587:Iranian languages
1575:Kurdish languages
1480:
1479:
1344:Kurdish languages
1243:Turkish Kurdistan
1238:Iranian Kurdistan
1218:Al-Anfal campaign
1188:Koçgiri Rebellion
829:Western Kurdistan
809:Eastern Kurdistan
710:
709:
96:36.4â45.6 million
71:Flag of Kurdistan
16:(Redirected from
16733:
16683:
16682:
16673:
16672:
16663:
16653:
16652:
16397:
16396:
16384:
16383:
16315:
16276:
16275:
16127:
16098:
16097:
16084:Sinjar Mountains
16074:Zagros Mountains
16014:Hamrin Mountains
15973:
15972:
15936:Mosul liberation
15909:Iraqi insurgency
15831:National Command
15820:
15656:Simurrum culture
15559:
15558:
15546:
15545:
15535:
15534:
15533:
15521:
15514:
15507:
15498:
15497:
15484:
15472:
15465:
15458:
15451:
15444:
15437:
15430:
15349:
15342:
15335:
15326:
15325:
15102:
15095:
15088:
15074:
15060:
15053:
15044:
15037:
15030:
15023:
15009:
15000:
14993:
14986:
14965:
14958:
14951:
14944:
14937:
14928:
14921:
14907:
14900:
14861:
14821:
14814:
14807:
14798:
14797:
14793:
14700:Sharif, Nemat. "
14697:(Praeger, 2004).
14690:
14636:Eppel, Michael.
14613:(October 2016).
14571:
14552:
14543:
14524:
14515:
14496:
14487:
14460:
14451:
14432:
14423:
14396:
14377:
14358:
14349:
14330:
14311:
14292:
14283:
14264:
14237:
14224:Arabs in History
14218:
14209:
14190:
14171:
14144:
14135:
14116:
14105:
14061:Iraq, 1900â1950.
14049:
14036:Crusader Castles
14019:Barth, F. 1953.
14016:
13997:
13969:
13950:
13923:
13922:
13912:
13887:
13881:
13880:
13840:
13831:
13824:
13818:
13811:
13805:
13798:
13792:
13782:
13776:
13775:
13770:, archived from
13743:
13737:
13722:
13716:
13713:
13707:
13704:
13698:
13692:
13686:
13685:
13683:
13681:
13665:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13654:
13639:
13633:
13632:
13630:
13628:
13617:
13611:
13597:
13584:
13577:
13571:
13564:
13558:
13557:
13541:
13535:
13521:
13512:
13505:
13499:
13491:W. Floor (2011)
13489:
13483:
13482:
13480:
13478:
13473:on 26 March 2010
13472:
13465:
13457:
13446:
13445:
13433:
13427:
13426:
13414:
13408:
13401:
13392:
13382:
13376:
13362:
13356:
13345:
13339:
13334:D. Shai (2008).
13332:
13326:
13319:
13308:
13307:
13301:
13297:
13295:
13287:
13277:
13267:
13243:
13237:
13236:
13234:
13232:
13217:
13211:
13210:
13208:
13206:
13186:
13180:
13174:
13168:
13167:
13162:. Archived from
13152:
13146:
13145:
13143:
13141:
13127:
13121:
13120:
13118:
13116:
13102:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13091:
13076:
13070:
13069:
13067:
13065:
13050:
13044:
13043:
13041:
13039:
13024:
13018:
13017:
13015:
13013:
12998:
12992:
12991:
12989:
12987:
12982:. 31 August 2015
12972:
12966:
12965:
12963:
12961:
12956:. 29 August 2015
12946:
12940:
12939:
12937:
12935:
12916:
12910:
12909:
12907:
12905:
12896:. Archived from
12886:
12880:
12879:
12877:
12875:
12861:
12855:
12849:
12843:
12842:
12840:
12838:
12827:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12816:
12805:
12799:
12798:. 26 March 2018.
12788:
12782:
12776:
12770:
12769:
12767:
12765:
12754:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12743:
12732:
12726:
12725:
12723:
12721:
12710:"The Media Line"
12705:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12678:
12672:
12659:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12648:
12637:
12631:
12618:
12612:
12611:
12609:
12607:
12592:
12586:
12585:
12574:
12568:
12558:
12552:
12551:
12549:
12547:
12538:. Archived from
12530:Daniel McElroy.
12527:
12521:
12520:
12518:
12516:
12505:
12499:
12498:
12487:
12481:
12470:
12464:
12457:
12451:
12445:
12439:
12437:
12436:on 25 July 2008.
12435:
12428:
12420:
12414:
12407:
12401:
12394:
12388:
12382:
12376:
12369:
12363:
12362:
12360:
12358:
12349:. Archived from
12339:
12333:
12332:
12299:
12293:
12292:
12262:
12253:
12252:
12222:
12216:
12215:
12185:
12176:
12175:
12151:
12141:
12135:
12134:
12101:
12095:
12094:
12064:
12055:
12054:
12015:
12009:
12008:
11975:
11969:
11968:
11932:
11926:
11925:
11895:
11889:
11876:
11870:
11869:
11867:
11865:
11847:
11841:
11840:
11810:
11804:
11803:
11783:
11777:
11776:
11743:
11734:
11733:
11700:
11694:
11693:
11691:
11689:
11668:
11657:
11656:
11619:Banuazizi, Ali;
11616:
11605:
11604:
11568:
11541:
11540:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11462:
11437:
11436:
11434:
11432:
11414:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11400:
11382:
11373:
11372:
11370:
11368:
11350:
11344:
11329:
11323:
11308:
11302:
11301:
11299:
11297:
11283:
11277:
11262:
11256:
11249:
11243:
11236:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11225:
11211:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11194:
11188:
11187:
11185:
11183:
11160:
11154:
11153:
11146:
11140:
11139:
11137:
11135:
11129:
11121:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11110:
11104:
11096:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11085:
11079:
11071:
11065:
11064:
11062:
11060:
11044:
11035:
11034:
11020:
11012:
11006:
11005:
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10968:
10945:
10939:
10938:
10918:
10912:
10911:
10899:
10893:
10888:
10882:
10881:
10879:
10877:
10867:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10856:
10847:. Archived from
10840:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10810:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10799:
10792:rightsagenda.org
10784:
10778:
10777:
10757:
10751:
10738:
10732:
10731:
10711:
10705:
10682:
10676:
10653:
10647:
10620:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10609:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10581:
10571:
10569:10.4000/ejts.777
10551:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10540:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10509:. Archived from
10499:
10493:
10492:
10490:
10488:
10471:
10465:
10464:
10443:RAND Corporation
10441:. Santa Monica:
10434:
10428:
10427:
10401:
10390:
10389:
10356:
10347:
10346:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10289:
10283:
10282:
10261:
10255:
10254:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10205:
10199:
10198:
10177:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10166:
10150:
10142:
10136:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10095:
10089:
10082:
10076:
10069:
10063:
10049:
10043:
10042:
10040:
10038:
10000:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9980:. Archived from
9949:
9940:
9929:
9923:
9912:
9906:
9899:"Kurdish Tribes"
9895:
9889:
9882:
9876:
9870:
9864:
9857:
9848:
9847:
9832:
9826:
9820:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9798:
9792:
9784:
9775:
9769:
9763:
9760:Mikaberidze 2015
9757:
9751:
9748:Bournoutian 2002
9745:
9739:
9733:
9727:
9721:
9715:
9709:
9703:
9699:
9693:
9686:
9680:
9639:
9633:
9632:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9599:
9593:
9587:
9581:
9575:
9569:
9563:
9557:
9554:Riley-Smith 2008
9551:
9545:
9538:
9532:
9526:
9520:
9514:
9508:
9507:, p. 97â98.
9502:
9496:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9467:
9461:
9448:
9442:
9436:
9430:
9424:
9413:
9407:
9404:
9398:
9395:
9389:
9382:
9376:
9369:
9363:
9352:
9346:
9345:
9317:
9311:
9310:
9292:
9286:
9279:
9273:
9266:
9260:
9259:
9247:
9241:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9195:
9189:
9188:
9170:
9164:
9163:
9145:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9134:
9124:
9115:
9114:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9067:
9058:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9025:
9016:
9015:
8995:
8989:
8982:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8965:
8959:. Archived from
8958:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8926:
8920:
8919:
8897:
8891:
8890:
8870:
8864:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8799:
8793:
8792:
8790:
8788:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8716:
8710:
8700:
8694:
8684:
8678:
8677:
8649:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8616:
8610:
8609:
8581:
8575:
8553:
8547:
8525:
8519:
8497:
8491:
8490:
8479:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8468:
8459:. Archived from
8449:
8443:
8438:
8432:
8429:
8423:
8422:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8379:
8368:
8359:
8358:
8350:
8344:
8333:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8260:Folia Orientalia
8251:
8245:
8244:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8170:
8164:
8163:
8135:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8101:
8073:
8064:
8063:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8020:
8014:
8013:
7981:
7975:
7974:
7961:Turgut, Lokman.
7958:
7952:
7951:
7933:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7887:
7881:. Archived from
7880:
7850:
7841:
7835:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7776:. Archived from
7765:
7759:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7732:
7726:
7724:
7705:
7695:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7644:
7638:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7598:
7592:
7580:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7550:
7539:
7536:
7530:
7523:
7517:
7502:
7496:
7492:
7486:
7467:
7461:
7460:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7406:
7400:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7323:
7317:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7174:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7157:
7146:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7073:
7066:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7045:
7037:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7015:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6982:
6967:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6897:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6816:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6770:
6763:
6755:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6739:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6660:. Archived from
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6628:"Diaspora Kurde"
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6484:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6466:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6412:
6406:
6396:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6363:. Archived from
6343:
6260:Kurds in Lebanon
6255:Kurds in Georgia
6215:
6200:
6185:
6165:
6155:Antoin Sevruguin
6142:
6130:
6112:
6093:
6081:
6066:
6054:
6031:Kurdistan Region
5921:. In the study,
5850:Citadel of Cairo
5836:in Ani, and the
5819:Takht-e Soleyman
5795:Citadel of Erbil
5763:, respectively.
5745:Kianoush Rostami
5702:), practised in
5673:Galatasaray S.K.
5498:Kurds of Armenia
5490:Hamo Beknazarian
5425:Ibrahim Tatlises
5187:Modern rug from
5081:forced marriages
5004:US Census Bureau
5000:Little Kurdistan
4860:Kurds in Finland
4848:Kurds in Germany
4809:Nagorno-Karabakh
4768:ethnic cleansing
4734:Syrian civil war
4708:Kurdish language
4426:Kurdish language
4148:Ararat rebellion
4071:Persian language
3986:. Following the
3927:Azimet KöylĂŒoÄlu
3787:Kurdish boys in
3756:until 1946. The
3723:
3650:Kurdish refugees
3607:Marxism-Leninism
3605:later abandoned
3601:in English. The
3519:. A short-lived
3485:Treaty of SĂšvres
3473:central Anatolia
3417:ethnic cleansing
3385:
3384: 1876â1909
3383:
3373:Sheik Ubeydullah
3353:Treaty of SĂšvres
3311:Sheik Ubeydullah
3171:, following the
3042:Battle of Dimdim
2966:Battle of Hattin
2801:Islamic invaders
2781:High Middle Ages
2683:Christian martyr
2560:to Kurdish. The
2519:language isolate
2514:, speakers of a
2154:school and also
2080:Syrian Kurdistan
2044:Kurdish diaspora
1814:
1798:
1792:
1780:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1729:Classical Arabic
1722:
1716:
1703:
1610:Treaty of SĂšvres
1594:stateless people
1573:Kurds speak the
1552:Kurdish diaspora
1540:Central Anatolia
1502:
1496:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1346:
1298:Historical sites
1248:Syrian Kurdistan
1232:Kurdistan Region
1198:Dersim Rebellion
1193:Ararat rebellion
1030:
746:
736:
725:
717:
712:
711:
643:
607:
603:
601:
600:
587:
583:
581:
580:
567:
563:
561:
560:
547:
543:
541:
540:
527:
523:
521:
520:
507:
503:
501:
500:
487:
483:
481:
480:
467:
463:
461:
460:
447:
443:
441:
440:
427:
423:
421:
420:
407:
403:
401:
400:
387:
383:
381:
380:
367:
363:
361:
360:
347:
346:
342:
340:
339:
325:
321:
319:
318:
305:
301:
299:
298:
285:
281:
279:
278:
265:
261:
259:
258:
245:
241:
239:
238:
222:
220:
219:
207:
203:
201:
200:
187:
183:
181:
180:
167:
163:
161:
160:
147:
143:
141:
140:
127:
123:
121:
120:
104:
93:
78:Total population
68:
61:
59:
58:
51:
50:
49:
41:
21:
16741:
16740:
16736:
16735:
16734:
16732:
16731:
16730:
16696:
16695:
16694:
16689:
16633:
16617:Public holidays
16540:
16391:
16374:
16313:
16283:
16266:
16125:
16105:
16088:
16019:Iraqi Kurdistan
16009:Euphrates river
15980:
15959:
15926:War (2014â2017)
15872:Operation Opera
15818:
15788:
15784:Arab Federation
15772:Kingdom of Iraq
15705:
15681:Fall of Babylon
15616:Akkadian Empire
15591:Samarra culture
15576:Hassuna culture
15553:
15540:
15528:
15527:
15525:
15495:
15490:
15482:
15470:
15463:
15456:
15449:
15442:
15435:
15428:
15358:
15353:
15323:
15318:
15240:
15224:
15203:
15192:Ancient peoples
15187:
15151:
14852:'Ajam of Kuwait
14830:
14828:Iranian peoples
14825:
14779:The Guardian â
14765:
14753:by Zurab Aloian
14736:Kurdish Library
14711:
14661:
14607:
14606:
14605:
14590:
14589:
14585:
14578:
14576:Further reading
14568:
14540:
14512:
14484:
14448:
14420:
14393:
14374:
14346:
14327:
14308:
14280:
14261:
14234:
14206:
14187:
14168:
14132:
14102:
14046:
14013:
13994:
13966:
13947:
13931:
13926:
13888:
13884:
13841:
13834:
13825:
13821:
13812:
13808:
13799:
13795:
13783:
13779:
13768:
13756:and the Syrian
13744:
13740:
13723:
13719:
13714:
13710:
13705:
13701:
13693:
13689:
13679:
13677:
13666:
13662:
13652:
13650:
13649:on 2 March 2014
13641:
13640:
13636:
13626:
13624:
13619:
13618:
13614:
13608:Wayback Machine
13598:
13587:
13578:
13574:
13565:
13561:
13542:
13538:
13532:Wayback Machine
13522:
13515:
13506:
13502:
13490:
13486:
13476:
13474:
13470:
13463:
13459:
13458:
13449:
13434:
13430:
13415:
13411:
13402:
13395:
13383:
13379:
13373:Wayback Machine
13363:
13359:
13346:
13342:
13333:
13329:
13320:
13311:
13299:
13298:
13289:
13288:
13244:
13240:
13230:
13228:
13219:
13218:
13214:
13204:
13202:
13187:
13183:
13175:
13171:
13154:
13153:
13149:
13139:
13137:
13129:
13128:
13124:
13114:
13112:
13104:
13103:
13099:
13089:
13087:
13078:
13077:
13073:
13063:
13061:
13052:
13051:
13047:
13037:
13035:
13026:
13025:
13021:
13011:
13009:
13000:
12999:
12995:
12985:
12983:
12974:
12973:
12969:
12959:
12957:
12948:
12947:
12943:
12933:
12931:
12918:
12917:
12913:
12903:
12901:
12888:
12887:
12883:
12873:
12871:
12863:
12862:
12858:
12850:
12846:
12836:
12834:
12829:
12828:
12824:
12814:
12812:
12807:
12806:
12802:
12789:
12785:
12777:
12773:
12763:
12761:
12756:
12755:
12751:
12741:
12739:
12734:
12733:
12729:
12719:
12717:
12706:
12702:
12692:
12690:
12679:
12675:
12670:Wayback Machine
12660:
12656:
12646:
12644:
12639:
12638:
12634:
12628:Wayback Machine
12619:
12615:
12605:
12603:
12594:
12593:
12589:
12576:
12575:
12571:
12567:, October 2005.
12559:
12555:
12545:
12543:
12528:
12524:
12514:
12512:
12507:
12506:
12502:
12497:on 28 May 2013.
12489:
12488:
12484:
12479:Wayback Machine
12471:
12467:
12458:
12454:
12450:, 5 April 1991.
12446:
12442:
12433:
12426:
12422:
12421:
12417:
12408:
12404:
12395:
12391:
12383:
12379:
12370:
12366:
12356:
12354:
12341:
12340:
12336:
12321:
12313:. p. 195.
12300:
12296:
12281:
12263:
12256:
12241:
12223:
12219:
12204:
12186:
12179:
12164:
12142:
12138:
12123:
12115:. p. 453.
12102:
12098:
12083:
12075:. p. 240.
12065:
12058:
12043:
12019:Chubin, Shahram
12016:
12012:
11997:
11976:
11972:
11957:
11933:
11929:
11914:
11906:. p. 227.
11896:
11892:
11877:
11873:
11863:
11861:
11848:
11844:
11829:
11811:
11807:
11794:. p. 296.
11784:
11780:
11765:
11755:Lexington Books
11747:Entessar, Nader
11744:
11737:
11722:
11701:
11697:
11687:
11685:
11669:
11660:
11645:
11617:
11608:
11593:
11569:
11544:
11529:
11506:
11502:
11487:
11463:
11440:
11430:
11428:
11415:
11408:
11398:
11396:
11383:
11376:
11366:
11364:
11351:
11347:
11330:
11326:
11309:
11305:
11295:
11293:
11285:
11284:
11280:
11263:
11259:
11250:
11246:
11237:
11233:
11223:
11221:
11213:
11212:
11208:
11200:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11181:
11179:
11177:
11161:
11157:
11148:
11147:
11143:
11133:
11131:
11127:
11123:
11122:
11118:
11108:
11106:
11102:
11098:
11097:
11093:
11083:
11081:
11077:
11073:
11072:
11068:
11058:
11056:
11046:
11045:
11038:
11018:
11014:
11013:
11009:
10980:
10976:
10966:
10964:
10946:
10942:
10919:
10915:
10900:
10896:
10889:
10885:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10868:
10864:
10854:
10852:
10841:
10837:
10827:
10825:
10812:
10811:
10807:
10797:
10795:
10786:
10785:
10781:
10774:
10758:
10754:
10739:
10735:
10728:
10712:
10708:
10683:
10679:
10654:
10650:
10646:(see page 186).
10621:
10617:
10607:
10605:
10600:
10599:
10595:
10552:
10548:
10538:
10536:
10531:
10530:
10526:
10516:
10514:
10501:
10500:
10496:
10486:
10484:
10483:. 21 March 2008
10473:
10472:
10468:
10453:
10435:
10431:
10416:
10402:
10393:
10378:
10357:
10350:
10335:
10318:
10314:
10304:
10290:
10286:
10276:
10262:
10258:
10248:
10234:
10230:
10220:
10206:
10202:
10192:
10178:
10174:
10164:
10162:
10143:
10139:
10130:
10126:
10115:
10096:
10092:
10083:
10079:
10070:
10066:
10050:
10046:
10036:
10034:
10001:
9997:
9987:
9985:
9950:
9943:
9930:
9926:
9913:
9909:
9896:
9892:
9883:
9879:
9873:'Abd al-Hamid I
9871:
9867:
9858:
9851:
9833:
9829:
9821:
9817:
9807:
9805:
9800:
9799:
9795:
9785:
9778:
9770:
9766:
9758:
9754:
9746:
9742:
9734:
9730:
9722:
9718:
9710:
9706:
9700:
9696:
9687:
9683:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9636:
9627:
9626:
9622:
9615:
9600:
9596:
9588:
9584:
9576:
9572:
9564:
9560:
9552:
9548:
9539:
9535:
9527:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9503:
9499:
9491:
9487:
9479:
9470:
9462:
9451:
9443:
9439:
9431:
9427:
9414:
9410:
9405:
9401:
9396:
9392:
9383:
9379:
9370:
9366:
9362:, 1989, p. 121.
9353:
9349:
9322:Iranian Studies
9318:
9314:
9307:
9293:
9289:
9280:
9276:
9267:
9263:
9248:
9244:
9231:
9227:
9200:Iranian Studies
9196:
9192:
9185:
9171:
9167:
9160:
9146:
9142:
9132:
9130:
9126:
9125:
9118:
9095:
9091:
9072:Iranian Studies
9068:
9061:
9053:
9049:
9042:
9026:
9019:
9012:
8996:
8992:
8984:A. Safrastian,
8983:
8979:
8969:
8967:
8963:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8942:
8927:
8923:
8916:
8908:. p. 257.
8898:
8894:
8871:
8867:
8858:
8854:
8847:
8827:
8823:
8816:
8800:
8796:
8786:
8784:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8744:
8740:
8717:
8713:
8701:
8697:
8685:
8681:
8666:10.2307/4132112
8650:
8646:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8618:
8617:
8613:
8582:
8578:
8554:
8550:
8526:
8522:
8498:
8494:
8481:
8480:
8476:
8466:
8464:
8451:
8450:
8446:
8439:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8411:10.2307/2843309
8391:
8387:
8377:
8375:
8370:
8369:
8362:
8351:
8347:
8334:
8330:
8320:
8318:
8313:
8312:
8308:
8287:
8283:
8252:
8248:
8241:
8225:
8221:
8214:
8198:
8194:
8187:
8171:
8167:
8152:
8136:
8129:
8119:
8117:
8110:
8074:
8067:
8060:
8044:
8040:
8021:
8017:
7982:
7978:
7959:
7955:
7948:
7934:
7930:
7922:10.1.1.545.8465
7905:
7901:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7848:
7842:
7838:
7829:
7825:
7815:
7813:
7808:
7801:
7797:
7783:
7781:
7766:
7762:
7746:
7744:
7733:
7729:
7718:
7696:
7689:
7679:
7677:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7654:
7652:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7631:
7626:
7622:
7615:
7599:
7595:
7590:Wayback Machine
7581:
7577:
7565:
7563:
7551:
7542:
7537:
7533:
7524:
7520:
7503:
7499:
7493:
7489:
7468:
7464:
7441:10.2307/4132112
7425:
7421:
7407:
7403:
7389:
7385:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7364:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7310:
7306:
7299:
7283:
7279:
7268:Nezan, Kendal.
7266:
7262:
7255:
7239:
7235:
7217:
7213:
7204:
7203:
7199:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7161:
7159:
7158:on 12 July 2019
7155:
7144:
7138:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7097:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7077:
7075:
7074:on 10 July 2012
7071:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7055:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7024:
7022:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7002:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6980:
6978:
6969:
6968:
6961:
6951:
6949:
6941:
6940:
6936:
6926:
6924:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6885:
6875:
6873:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6849:
6847:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6822:
6814:
6810:
6809:
6805:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6752:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6728:
6718:
6716:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6692:
6690:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6667:
6665:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6637:
6635:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6591:
6587:
6577:
6575:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6551:
6549:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6493:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6453:
6443:
6441:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6421:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6397:
6382:
6370:
6368:
6345:
6344:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6270:Khorasani Kurds
6265:Kurds in Turkey
6229:
6222:
6216:
6207:
6201:
6192:
6186:
6177:
6166:
6157:
6143:
6134:
6133:A Kurdish chief
6131:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6094:
6085:
6082:
6073:
6071:Amadeo Preziosi
6067:
6058:
6055:
6046:
6027:
5895:
5889:
5870:Sherwana Castle
5834:Minuchir Mosque
5817:in Kermanshah,
5769:
5658:Sulaymaniyah FC
5635:Iraqi Kurdistan
5609:
5562:Monica Bellucci
5463:
5457:
5429:Nizamettin Arıç
5342:
5336:
5334:Music and dance
5291:
5285:
5239:
5181:
5135:in the broader
5121:anthropomorphic
5101:
5089:Iraqi Kurdistan
5077:gender equality
5061:
5055:
5047:
5027:Iranian peoples
5022:
5016:Kurdish culture
5014:Main articles:
5012:
4942:countries, the
4894:
4876:Kurds in Canada
4868:Kurds in Russia
4864:Kurds in Sweden
4852:Kurds in France
4846:Main articles:
4844:
4824:Kurdistan Okrug
4786:
4776:
4732:As a result of
4673:
4665:Main articles:
4663:
4578:Halabja in 1988
4527:Mustafa Barzani
4496:Iraqi Kurdistan
4476:
4462:Iraqi Kurdistan
4454:
4418:Mayor of Tehran
4227:Iranian peoples
4215:Pahlavi dynasty
4193:, 20 March 2018
4164:sedentarization
4090:First World War
4035:Iranian peoples
3960:
3944:Main articles:
3942:
3933:state terrorism
3717:
3689:Two Kurds From
3683:
3661:Kurds in Turkey
3659:Main articles:
3657:
3652:
3642:
3380:
3345:
3343:Iraqi Kurdistan
3327:
3273:Peace of Amasya
3241:Western Armenia
3225:
3211:
3141:Afsharid Empire
3118:
3112:
3087:of the Safavid
2999:Abbas the Great
2988:
2986:Safavid dynasty
2982:
2950:Ayyubid dynasty
2752:, followers of
2722:Ayyubid dynasty
2710:
2708:Medieval period
2637:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2558:Median language
2487:related to the
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2421:
2409:Main articles:
2407:
2390:Iraqi Kurdistan
2333:of the prophet
2315:
2309:
2299:are located in
2286:
2280:
2268:Kurdish Alevism
2232:Kurdish regions
2216:ethnic religion
2207:, 18 April 2017
2197:
2189:Main articles:
2187:
2142:Most Kurds are
2140:
2135:
2129:
2072:Iraqi Kurdistan
2050:, 15 to 20% in
2036:
2030:
1971:second language
1934:which comprise
1892:
1886:
1756:, mentioned by
1694:is recorded in
1684:
1678:
1658:cultural rights
1654:Iraqi Kurdistan
1583:Western Iranian
1530:, and northern
1522:, northwestern
1476:
1447:
1446:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1268:Kurdish culture
1263:
1253:
1252:
1228:Iraqi Kurdistan
1168:
1075:Mir Jafar Dasni
1065:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1011:
1001:
1000:
776:
766:
765:
756:
737:
734:Kurdish culture
730:Kurdish history
728:
727:
726:
719:
715:
672:Kurdish Alevism
665:
644:
624:
623:
598:
596:
578:
576:
558:
556:
538:
536:
518:
516:
498:
496:
478:
476:
458:
456:
438:
436:
418:
416:
398:
396:
378:
376:
358:
356:
337:
335:
333:
316:
314:
296:
294:
276:
274:
256:
254:
236:
234:
228:150,000â180,000
217:
215:
210:1.2â1.5 million
198:
196:
178:
176:
158:
156:
138:
136:
118:
116:
103:, 2017 estimate
99:
97:
95:
92:, 2015 estimate
86:
84:
73:
53:
52:
45:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16739:
16729:
16728:
16723:
16718:
16713:
16708:
16706:Kurdish people
16691:
16690:
16688:
16687:
16677:
16667:
16657:
16646:
16643:
16642:
16639:
16638:
16635:
16634:
16632:
16631:
16630:
16629:
16624:
16614:
16609:
16604:
16599:
16594:
16589:
16584:
16579:
16574:
16569:
16564:
16559:
16554:
16548:
16546:
16542:
16541:
16539:
16538:
16537:
16536:
16531:
16526:
16521:
16516:
16506:
16501:
16500:
16499:
16494:
16488:
16483:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16463:
16458:
16453:
16443:
16442:
16441:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16411:
16405:
16403:
16393:
16392:
16380:
16379:
16376:
16375:
16373:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16355:Transportation
16352:
16347:
16345:Stock Exchange
16342:
16340:Reconstruction
16337:
16332:
16327:
16322:
16320:Infrastructure
16317:
16309:
16304:
16299:
16294:
16288:
16285:
16284:
16272:
16271:
16268:
16267:
16265:
16264:
16259:
16254:
16249:
16244:
16239:
16234:
16233:
16232:
16227:
16222:
16217:
16216:
16215:
16205:
16200:
16190:
16189:
16188:
16187:
16186:
16179:Prime Minister
16176:
16175:
16174:
16164:
16159:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16121:
16116:
16110:
16107:
16106:
16094:
16093:
16090:
16089:
16087:
16086:
16081:
16076:
16071:
16066:
16061:
16056:
16051:
16046:
16041:
16036:
16031:
16026:
16021:
16016:
16011:
16006:
16001:
15996:
15991:
15985:
15982:
15981:
15969:
15968:
15965:
15964:
15961:
15960:
15958:
15957:
15952:
15951:
15950:
15940:
15939:
15938:
15933:
15923:
15918:
15917:
15916:
15911:
15906:
15896:
15891:
15890:
15889:
15887:1991 uprisings
15879:
15874:
15869:
15864:
15859:
15854:
15849:
15844:
15839:
15837:Saddam Hussein
15834:
15823:
15822:
15814:
15809:
15804:
15798:
15796:
15790:
15789:
15787:
15786:
15781:
15780:
15779:
15769:
15767:Mandatory Iraq
15764:
15759:
15756:Mamluk dynasty
15749:
15744:
15739:
15734:
15729:
15724:
15719:
15713:
15711:
15707:
15706:
15704:
15703:
15698:
15693:
15688:
15683:
15678:
15673:
15668:
15663:
15658:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15638:
15633:
15628:
15623:
15621:Gutian dynasty
15618:
15613:
15608:
15603:
15598:
15593:
15588:
15583:
15578:
15573:
15567:
15565:
15555:
15554:
15542:
15541:
15524:
15523:
15516:
15509:
15501:
15492:
15491:
15489:
15488:
15487:
15486:
15479:
15474:
15467:
15460:
15453:
15446:
15439:
15432:
15422:
15412:
15406:
15400:
15394:
15388:
15382:
15376:
15370:
15363:
15360:
15359:
15352:
15351:
15344:
15337:
15329:
15320:
15319:
15317:
15316:
15314:Zoroastrianism
15311:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15291:
15286:
15281:
15276:
15271:
15266:
15261:
15256:
15250:
15248:
15242:
15241:
15239:
15238:
15232:
15230:
15226:
15225:
15223:
15222:
15217:
15211:
15209:
15205:
15204:
15202:
15201:
15195:
15193:
15189:
15188:
15186:
15185:
15180:
15175:
15170:
15165:
15159:
15157:
15153:
15152:
15150:
15149:
15144:
15139:
15134:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15114:
15109:
15108:
15107:
15100:
15093:
15081:
15080:
15079:
15076:Pashtun tribes
15067:
15066:
15065:
15058:
15051:
15050:
15049:
15042:
15028:
15025:Chinese Tajiks
15016:
15015:
15014:
15007:
15006:
15005:
14991:
14979:
14974:
14973:
14972:
14971:
14970:
14956:
14949:
14942:
14935:
14934:
14933:
14914:
14913:
14912:
14905:
14902:Kurdish tribes
14893:
14888:
14883:
14878:
14873:
14868:
14867:
14866:
14854:
14849:
14844:
14838:
14836:
14832:
14831:
14824:
14823:
14816:
14809:
14801:
14795:
14794:
14785:
14776:
14771:
14764:
14761:
14760:
14759:
14754:
14748:
14743:
14733:
14728:
14723:
14718:
14710:
14709:External links
14707:
14706:
14705:
14698:
14691:
14673:(5): 771â787.
14660:
14659:Historiography
14657:
14656:
14655:
14648:
14641:
14634:
14624:
14621:Monthly Review
14604:
14603:
14598:
14592:
14591:
14580:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14573:
14572:
14566:
14553:
14544:
14538:
14525:
14516:
14510:
14497:
14488:
14482:
14461:
14452:
14446:
14433:
14424:
14418:
14397:
14392:978-1107188518
14391:
14378:
14372:
14359:
14350:
14344:
14331:
14326:978-0521583367
14325:
14312:
14306:
14293:
14284:
14278:
14265:
14259:
14238:
14232:
14219:
14210:
14204:
14191:
14185:
14172:
14166:
14145:
14136:
14130:
14117:
14106:
14101:978-1442241466
14100:
14085:
14071:
14064:
14057:
14050:
14044:
14031:
14024:
14017:
14012:978-1850439301
14011:
14005:. I.B.Tauris.
13998:
13993:978-1568591414
13992:
13970:
13965:978-0857716767
13964:
13958:. I.B.Tauris.
13951:
13946:978-0520947573
13945:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13924:
13882:
13855:(4): 401â412.
13832:
13819:
13806:
13793:
13777:
13774:on 9 June 2012
13766:
13738:
13717:
13708:
13699:
13687:
13660:
13634:
13612:
13585:
13572:
13559:
13536:
13513:
13500:
13484:
13447:
13428:
13409:
13403:J. D. Winitz '
13393:
13377:
13364:V. Arakelova.
13357:
13340:
13327:
13309:
13300:|author3=
13238:
13225:al-monitor.com
13212:
13181:
13169:
13147:
13122:
13097:
13071:
13060:on 5 July 2013
13045:
13019:
12993:
12967:
12941:
12911:
12881:
12856:
12844:
12822:
12800:
12783:
12771:
12749:
12727:
12700:
12673:
12654:
12632:
12613:
12587:
12569:
12553:
12522:
12500:
12482:
12465:
12452:
12440:
12415:
12402:
12389:
12377:
12364:
12334:
12319:
12294:
12279:
12254:
12239:
12233:. p. 46.
12217:
12202:
12196:. p. 32.
12177:
12162:
12136:
12121:
12096:
12081:
12056:
12041:
12010:
11995:
11970:
11955:
11927:
11912:
11890:
11871:
11852:"Iran-e Kabir"
11842:
11827:
11805:
11778:
11763:
11757:. p. 17.
11735:
11720:
11714:. p. 32.
11695:
11658:
11643:
11606:
11591:
11542:
11527:
11521:. p. 12.
11500:
11485:
11438:
11406:
11374:
11345:
11331:J. C. Randal,
11324:
11310:J. C. Randal,
11303:
11278:
11264:Bulent Gokay,
11257:
11244:
11231:
11206:
11189:
11175:
11155:
11141:
11116:
11091:
11080:(Report). 2014
11066:
11036:
11007:
10974:
10940:
10913:
10894:
10883:
10862:
10835:
10805:
10779:
10773:978-1107054608
10772:
10752:
10742:Minority Rules
10733:
10726:
10706:
10704:(see page 348)
10684:ReĆat Kasaba,
10677:
10675:(see page 340)
10655:ReĆat Kasaba,
10648:
10615:
10593:
10546:
10524:
10507:Ethnologue.com
10494:
10466:
10451:
10445:. p. 53.
10429:
10414:
10391:
10376:
10370:. p. 17.
10348:
10333:
10312:
10302:
10284:
10274:
10256:
10246:
10228:
10218:
10200:
10190:
10172:
10137:
10124:
10113:
10099:Jwaideh, Wadie
10090:
10077:
10064:
10044:
10018:(3): 383â387.
10004:Natali, Denise
9995:
9964:(3): 473â504.
9941:
9924:
9907:
9890:
9877:
9865:
9849:
9827:
9815:
9793:
9776:
9774:, p. 479.
9764:
9752:
9750:, p. 208.
9740:
9728:
9716:
9704:
9694:
9681:
9634:
9620:
9613:
9594:
9592:, p. 166.
9582:
9580:, p. 133.
9570:
9566:Humphreys 1977
9558:
9546:
9533:
9521:
9509:
9497:
9485:
9468:
9466:, p. 215.
9449:
9437:
9435:, p. 151.
9425:
9423:, pp. 502â503.
9408:
9399:
9390:
9377:
9364:
9347:
9312:
9305:
9287:
9285:, pp. 4, 8, 9.
9274:
9261:
9242:
9225:
9190:
9183:
9165:
9158:
9140:
9116:
9089:
9059:
9047:
9040:
9017:
9010:
8990:
8977:
8940:
8935:Iranica Online
8921:
8914:
8892:
8865:
8852:
8846:978-0415072656
8845:
8821:
8814:
8794:
8765:
8758:
8738:
8711:
8695:
8679:
8660:(4): 675â689.
8644:
8630:
8611:
8592:(3): 393â403.
8576:
8548:
8520:
8492:
8474:
8444:
8433:
8424:
8385:
8360:
8345:
8328:
8306:
8281:
8246:
8239:
8219:
8212:
8192:
8185:
8165:
8150:
8127:
8108:
8065:
8058:
8038:
8015:
7976:
7953:
7946:
7928:
7899:
7836:
7823:
7795:
7760:
7755:World Factbook
7727:
7716:
7687:
7662:
7639:
7629:
7620:
7613:
7593:
7575:
7540:
7531:
7518:
7497:
7487:
7462:
7419:
7401:
7383:
7369:
7363:978-1135797041
7362:
7344:
7318:
7313:World Factbook
7304:
7297:
7277:
7260:
7253:
7233:
7211:
7197:
7183:
7169:
7132:
7107:
7085:
7053:
7032:
7010:
6988:
6959:
6934:
6909:
6883:
6870:Jyllandsposten
6857:
6832:
6803:
6782:
6771:on 21 May 2014
6750:
6726:
6700:
6675:
6664:on 21 May 2012
6645:
6619:
6601:(in Swedish).
6585:
6559:
6526:
6501:
6479:
6469:
6451:
6429:
6407:
6380:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6217:
6210:
6208:
6202:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6180:
6178:
6167:
6160:
6158:
6144:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6125:
6123:
6114:
6107:
6105:
6095:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6026:
6023:
5888:
5885:
5768:
5765:
5730:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5677:Diyarbakirspor
5639:Viva World Cup
5608:
5605:
5566:Yilmaz Erdogan
5486:Kurdish cinema
5470:Bahman Ghobadi
5461:Kurdish cinema
5459:Main article:
5456:
5453:
5338:Main article:
5335:
5332:
5287:Main article:
5284:
5281:
5238:
5235:
5180:
5177:
5100:
5097:
5085:honor killings
5057:Main article:
5054:
5051:
5046:
5043:
5011:
5008:
4944:United Kingdom
4928:Western Europe
4892:Kurds in Japan
4843:
4840:
4775:
4772:
4667:Kurds in Syria
4662:
4659:
4540:Algiers Accord
4484:Jalal Talabani
4453:
4450:
4350:. In 2004 new
4033:and others as
3984:Ottoman Empire
3976:Persian Empire
3964:Kurdish region
3941:
3938:
3903:Sakharov Prize
3691:Constantinople
3656:
3653:
3641:
3638:
3546:existed. When
3399:secularization
3377:Abdul Hamid II
3369:Ottoman Empire
3326:
3323:
3319:Ottoman Empire
3219:Ottoman Empire
3210:
3209:Ottoman period
3207:
3111:
3108:
2981:
2980:Safavid period
2978:
2941:
2940:
2917:
2910:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2874:
2756:and adepts of
2709:
2706:
2627:
2590:Middle Persian
2485:etymologically
2469:Main article:
2466:
2463:
2458:Main article:
2455:
2452:
2406:
2403:
2337:, the faith's
2313:Zoroastrianism
2311:Main article:
2308:
2307:Zoroastrianism
2305:
2282:Main article:
2279:
2276:
2260:Ottoman Empire
2211:Yazidism is a
2186:
2183:
2148:ShafiÊœi school
2139:
2136:
2131:Main article:
2128:
2125:
2121:Russian Empire
2040:Southwest Asia
2032:Main article:
2029:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2006:dialect group)
2000:
1999:dialect group)
1888:Main article:
1885:
1882:
1817:Middle Persian
1770:4th century BC
1680:Main article:
1677:
1674:
1606:Western allies
1602:Ottoman Empire
1585:branch of the
1560:Western Europe
1487:Kurdish people
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:Zoroastrianism
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
991:United Kingdom
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
855:
850:
844:
843:
833:
832:
822:
812:
802:
792:
786:
785:
777:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
757:
752:
751:
748:
747:
739:
738:
718:
708:
707:
705:Iranic peoples
700:
699:
695:
694:
684:Zoroastrianism
661:Predominantly
658:
657:
653:
652:
617:
616:
612:
611:
608:
592:
591:
588:
572:
571:
568:
552:
551:
548:
532:
531:
528:
512:
511:
508:
492:
491:
488:
472:
471:
468:
452:
451:
448:
432:
431:
428:
412:
411:
408:
392:
391:
388:
372:
371:
368:
352:
351:
348:
344:United Kingdom
330:
329:
326:
310:
309:
306:
290:
289:
286:
270:
269:
266:
250:
249:
246:
230:
229:
226:
212:
211:
208:
192:
191:
188:
172:
171:
168:
152:
151:
148:
132:
131:
128:
112:
111:
107:
106:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
38:
26:
18:Kurdish people
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16738:
16727:
16724:
16722:
16719:
16717:
16714:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16704:
16703:
16701:
16686:
16678:
16676:
16668:
16666:
16662:
16658:
16656:
16648:
16647:
16644:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16619:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16578:
16575:
16573:
16570:
16568:
16565:
16563:
16560:
16558:
16555:
16553:
16550:
16549:
16547:
16543:
16535:
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16512:
16511:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16502:
16498:
16495:
16492:
16491:Iraqi Turkmen
16489:
16487:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16449:
16448:
16447:
16444:
16440:
16437:
16435:
16432:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16420:
16417:
16416:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16406:
16404:
16402:
16398:
16394:
16390:
16385:
16381:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16310:
16308:
16305:
16303:
16300:
16298:
16295:
16293:
16290:
16289:
16286:
16282:
16277:
16273:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16255:
16253:
16250:
16248:
16245:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16231:
16228:
16226:
16223:
16221:
16218:
16214:
16211:
16210:
16209:
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16195:
16194:
16191:
16185:
16182:
16181:
16180:
16177:
16173:
16170:
16169:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16154:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16126:(legislative)
16122:
16120:
16117:
16115:
16112:
16111:
16108:
16104:
16099:
16095:
16085:
16082:
16080:
16077:
16075:
16072:
16070:
16067:
16065:
16062:
16060:
16059:Syrian Desert
16057:
16055:
16054:Shatt al-Arab
16052:
16050:
16047:
16045:
16042:
16040:
16037:
16035:
16032:
16030:
16027:
16025:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16015:
16012:
16010:
16007:
16005:
16002:
16000:
15997:
15995:
15992:
15990:
15989:Faw peninsula
15987:
15986:
15983:
15979:
15974:
15970:
15956:
15953:
15949:
15946:
15945:
15944:
15941:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15931:Fall of Mosul
15929:
15928:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15904:U.S. invasion
15902:
15901:
15900:
15897:
15895:
15892:
15888:
15885:
15884:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15875:
15873:
15870:
15868:
15867:IranâIraq War
15865:
15863:
15860:
15858:
15855:
15853:
15850:
15848:
15845:
15843:
15840:
15838:
15835:
15832:
15828:
15825:
15824:
15821:
15815:
15813:
15810:
15808:
15805:
15803:
15800:
15799:
15797:
15795:
15791:
15785:
15782:
15778:
15775:
15774:
15773:
15770:
15768:
15765:
15763:
15760:
15757:
15753:
15750:
15748:
15745:
15743:
15740:
15738:
15735:
15733:
15732:Buyid dynasty
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15714:
15712:
15708:
15702:
15699:
15697:
15694:
15692:
15689:
15687:
15684:
15682:
15679:
15677:
15674:
15672:
15669:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15657:
15654:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15637:
15634:
15632:
15629:
15627:
15624:
15622:
15619:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15609:
15607:
15604:
15602:
15599:
15597:
15594:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15584:
15582:
15581:Halaf culture
15579:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15568:
15566:
15564:
15560:
15556:
15552:
15547:
15543:
15538:
15532:
15522:
15517:
15515:
15510:
15508:
15503:
15502:
15499:
15485:
15480:
15478:
15477:Afro-Iranians
15475:
15473:
15468:
15466:
15461:
15459:
15454:
15452:
15447:
15445:
15440:
15438:
15433:
15431:
15426:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15419:Turkic people
15416:
15413:
15410:
15407:
15404:
15401:
15398:
15395:
15392:
15389:
15386:
15383:
15380:
15377:
15374:
15371:
15368:
15365:
15364:
15361:
15357:
15350:
15345:
15343:
15338:
15336:
15331:
15330:
15327:
15315:
15312:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15275:
15272:
15270:
15267:
15265:
15262:
15260:
15257:
15255:
15252:
15251:
15249:
15247:
15243:
15237:
15234:
15233:
15231:
15227:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15215:Indo-Iranians
15213:
15212:
15210:
15206:
15200:
15197:
15196:
15194:
15190:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15171:
15169:
15168:Bukharan Jews
15166:
15164:
15161:
15160:
15158:
15154:
15148:
15145:
15143:
15140:
15138:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15105:
15101:
15098:
15094:
15091:
15090:Arab-Persians
15087:
15086:
15085:
15082:
15077:
15073:
15072:
15071:
15068:
15063:
15059:
15056:
15052:
15047:
15043:
15040:
15036:
15035:
15033:
15029:
15026:
15022:
15021:
15020:
15017:
15012:
15008:
15003:
14999:
14998:
14996:
14992:
14989:
14985:
14984:
14983:
14980:
14978:
14975:
14968:
14964:
14963:
14961:
14960:Southern Lurs
14957:
14954:
14950:
14947:
14943:
14940:
14936:
14931:
14927:
14926:
14924:
14920:
14919:
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14910:
14906:
14903:
14899:
14898:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14864:
14863:Baloch tribes
14860:
14859:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14850:
14848:
14845:
14843:
14840:
14839:
14837:
14835:Ethnic groups
14833:
14829:
14822:
14817:
14815:
14810:
14808:
14803:
14802:
14799:
14791:
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14567:9781139028813
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14511:9780300231465
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14483:9789004161214
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14373:0-87395-263-4
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14260:9789004161214
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14167:9789004464582
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13803:
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13791:
13790:1-74104-556-8
13787:
13781:
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13755:
13751:
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13742:
13735:
13734:1-905214-01-4
13731:
13727:
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13703:
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13691:
13675:
13671:
13668:Sim, Steven.
13664:
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13200:
13196:
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13185:
13178:
13173:
13165:
13161:
13157:
13156:"Iraqi Kurds"
13151:
13136:
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13101:
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13081:
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13055:
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13032:StatCan.GC.ca
13029:
13023:
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13006:StatCan.GC.ca
13003:
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12406:
12399:
12396:G.S. Harris,
12393:
12386:
12381:
12374:
12371:G.S. Harris,
12368:
12352:
12348:
12347:Adherents.com
12344:
12343:"By Location"
12338:
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12155:
12150:
12149:
12140:
12132:
12128:
12124:
12118:
12114:
12110:
12106:
12100:
12092:
12088:
12084:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12063:
12061:
12052:
12048:
12044:
12038:
12034:
12030:
12026:
12025:
12020:
12014:
12006:
12002:
11998:
11992:
11988:
11984:
11980:
11974:
11966:
11962:
11958:
11952:
11948:
11944:
11940:
11939:
11931:
11923:
11919:
11915:
11909:
11905:
11901:
11894:
11887:
11886:
11881:
11880:Communism ii.
11875:
11859:
11858:
11853:
11846:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11824:
11820:
11816:
11809:
11801:
11797:
11793:
11790:. Cambridge:
11789:
11782:
11774:
11770:
11766:
11760:
11756:
11752:
11748:
11742:
11740:
11731:
11727:
11723:
11717:
11713:
11709:
11705:
11699:
11684:
11680:
11679:
11674:
11667:
11665:
11663:
11654:
11650:
11646:
11640:
11636:
11632:
11628:
11627:
11622:
11621:Weiner, Myron
11615:
11613:
11611:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11576:
11575:
11567:
11565:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11557:
11555:
11553:
11551:
11549:
11547:
11538:
11534:
11530:
11524:
11520:
11516:
11515:
11510:
11504:
11496:
11492:
11488:
11482:
11478:
11474:
11470:
11469:
11461:
11459:
11457:
11455:
11453:
11451:
11449:
11447:
11445:
11443:
11426:
11425:
11420:
11413:
11411:
11394:
11393:
11388:
11381:
11379:
11362:
11361:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11341:0-8133-3580-9
11338:
11334:
11328:
11321:
11320:0-8133-3580-9
11317:
11313:
11307:
11292:
11288:
11282:
11275:
11274:Nazila Ghanea
11271:
11267:
11261:
11254:
11248:
11241:
11235:
11220:
11216:
11210:
11199:
11193:
11178:
11176:9781467879729
11172:
11168:
11167:
11159:
11151:
11145:
11126:
11120:
11101:
11095:
11076:
11075:Annual report
11070:
11055:
11054:
11049:
11043:
11041:
11033:
11028:
11024:
11017:
11011:
11003:
10999:
10995:
10991:
10990:
10985:
10978:
10963:
10959:
10955:
10951:
10944:
10936:
10932:
10928:
10924:
10917:
10909:
10905:
10898:
10892:
10887:
10872:
10866:
10850:
10846:
10839:
10823:
10819:
10815:
10809:
10793:
10789:
10788:"Kurdophobia"
10783:
10775:
10769:
10765:
10764:
10756:
10749:
10748:
10743:
10737:
10729:
10723:
10719:
10718:
10710:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10694:0-521-62096-1
10691:
10687:
10681:
10674:
10670:
10666:
10665:0-521-62096-1
10662:
10658:
10652:
10645:
10641:
10637:
10636:0-8122-1572-9
10633:
10629:
10625:
10619:
10603:
10597:
10589:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10561:
10557:
10550:
10534:
10528:
10512:
10508:
10504:
10498:
10482:
10481:
10476:
10470:
10462:
10458:
10454:
10448:
10444:
10440:
10433:
10425:
10421:
10417:
10411:
10407:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10387:
10383:
10379:
10373:
10369:
10365:
10361:
10360:Radu, Michael
10355:
10353:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10330:
10326:
10322:
10316:
10309:
10305:
10299:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10277:
10271:
10267:
10260:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10239:
10232:
10225:
10221:
10215:
10211:
10204:
10197:
10193:
10187:
10183:
10176:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10149:
10141:
10134:
10128:
10121:
10116:
10114:9780815630937
10110:
10106:
10105:
10100:
10094:
10087:
10081:
10074:
10068:
10062:
10058:
10054:
10048:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10009:
10005:
9999:
9983:
9979:
9975:
9971:
9967:
9963:
9959:
9955:
9948:
9946:
9938:
9934:
9928:
9921:
9917:
9911:
9904:
9900:
9894:
9887:
9881:
9874:
9869:
9862:
9856:
9854:
9845:
9844:
9837:
9831:
9824:
9819:
9803:
9797:
9790:
9789:
9783:
9781:
9773:
9768:
9761:
9756:
9749:
9744:
9737:
9736:Aslanian 2011
9732:
9726:, p. 66.
9725:
9720:
9713:
9708:
9698:
9691:
9685:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9630:
9624:
9616:
9610:
9606:
9598:
9591:
9586:
9579:
9574:
9568:, p. 29.
9567:
9562:
9556:, p. 64.
9555:
9550:
9543:
9537:
9530:
9525:
9519:, p. 93.
9518:
9517:Bosworth 2003
9513:
9506:
9501:
9495:, p. 89.
9494:
9493:Bosworth 1996
9489:
9482:
9477:
9475:
9473:
9465:
9460:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9446:
9441:
9434:
9433:Bosworth 1996
9429:
9422:
9418:
9412:
9403:
9394:
9387:
9381:
9374:
9368:
9361:
9357:
9351:
9343:
9339:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9316:
9308:
9306:9789004385337
9302:
9298:
9291:
9284:
9278:
9271:
9265:
9257:
9253:
9246:
9240:, pp. 26, 52.
9239:
9235:
9229:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9194:
9186:
9184:9780931500084
9180:
9176:
9169:
9161:
9159:9780521246934
9155:
9151:
9144:
9129:
9123:
9121:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9093:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9073:
9066:
9064:
9056:
9051:
9043:
9037:
9033:
9032:
9024:
9022:
9013:
9007:
9003:
9002:
8994:
8987:
8981:
8962:
8955:
8950:
8944:
8936:
8932:
8925:
8917:
8915:9780521200912
8911:
8907:
8903:
8896:
8888:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8869:
8862:
8859:G. Asatrian,
8856:
8848:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8833:
8825:
8817:
8811:
8807:
8806:
8798:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8769:
8761:
8755:
8751:
8750:
8742:
8734:
8730:
8726:
8722:
8715:
8708:
8705:
8699:
8692:
8689:
8686:Mark Marciak
8683:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8648:
8633:
8631:9781438126760
8627:
8623:
8622:
8615:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8580:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8561:0-227-67931-8
8558:
8552:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8533:0-521-05735-3
8530:
8524:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8505:5-02-017569-2
8502:
8496:
8488:
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8462:
8458:
8454:
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8442:
8437:
8428:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8408:
8404:
8400:
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8389:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8356:
8349:
8342:
8341:0-930872-48-7
8338:
8332:
8316:
8310:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8293:
8285:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8250:
8242:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8223:
8215:
8209:
8206:. Routledge.
8205:
8204:
8196:
8188:
8186:9780739177754
8182:
8178:
8177:
8169:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8147:
8143:
8142:
8134:
8132:
8115:
8111:
8109:9780199340378
8105:
8100:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8078:"The Yazidis"
8072:
8070:
8061:
8055:
8051:
8050:
8042:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8019:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7996:(1): 87â106.
7995:
7991:
7987:
7980:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7957:
7949:
7947:9781873194300
7943:
7939:
7932:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7903:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7847:
7840:
7833:
7827:
7811:
7807:
7806:
7799:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7764:
7756:
7742:
7738:
7731:
7723:
7719:
7717:9780393051414
7713:
7709:
7704:
7703:
7694:
7692:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7650:
7643:
7633:
7624:
7616:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7597:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7579:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7535:
7528:
7522:
7515:
7510:
7506:
7501:
7491:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7475:0-521-20091-1
7472:
7466:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7379:
7373:
7365:
7359:
7355:
7348:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7314:
7308:
7300:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7281:
7273:
7272:
7264:
7256:
7254:9781598843637
7250:
7246:
7245:
7237:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7207:
7201:
7193:
7187:
7179:
7173:
7154:
7150:
7143:
7136:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7095:
7089:
7070:
7063:
7057:
7049:
7042:
7036:
7020:
7014:
6998:
6992:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6964:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6894:
6887:
6871:
6867:
6861:
6846:
6842:
6841:"Switzerland"
6836:
6821:(in Armenian)
6820:
6813:
6807:
6792:
6786:
6767:
6760:
6754:
6736:
6730:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6689:
6685:
6679:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6574:. 24 May 2022
6573:
6569:
6563:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6489:
6483:
6473:
6462:
6461:
6455:
6439:
6433:
6417:
6411:
6404:
6400:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6321:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Chechen Kurds
6238:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6221:
6214:
6209:
6206:
6199:
6194:
6191:
6184:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6072:
6065:
6060:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5960:Zaza language
5957:
5956:Northern Iran
5952:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5848:in Urfa, the
5847:
5841:
5839:
5838:Hisn al Akrad
5835:
5831:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5757:weightlifting
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5685:Eren Derdiyok
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5669:Celal Ibrahim
5665:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5617:
5616:Eren Derdiyok
5613:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5553:Rhinos Season
5549:
5548:
5543:
5542:Bahman Qubadi
5538:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5513:the Ugly King
5510:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5479:
5478:San SebastiĂĄn
5475:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5346:
5341:
5340:Kurdish music
5331:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5295:
5290:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5059:Kurdish women
5050:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5017:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4984:United States
4981:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4914:
4913:Hamdi Ulukaya
4910:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4774:Transcaucasus
4771:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4637:and parts of
4636:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4562:IranâIraq War
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4525:Kurds led by
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4458:Kurds in Iraq
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4383:Karim Sanjabi
4380:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:IranâIraq War
4329:
4325:
4324:Qazi Muhammad
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4278:
4277:Qazi Muhammad
4274:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:Shikak rebels
4140:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4126:tribal revolt
4122:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
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4040:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:Kurds in Iran
3937:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
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3875:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3838:
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3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3758:Ararat revolt
3755:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:According to
3692:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:United States
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3515:and north of
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3493:Kemal AtatĂŒrk
3490:
3487:, but in the
3486:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3409:Jakob KĂŒnzler
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:Ottoman Kurds
3206:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3192:Qajar dynasty
3189:
3188:Lotf Ali Khan
3185:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3104:Ganj Ali Khan
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
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3034:
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3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2975:
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2963:
2959:
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2947:
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2821:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:In the early
2769:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2676:Abd al-Masih.
2673:
2669:
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2658:
2654:
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2643:
2636:
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2623:
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2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
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2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:Supreme Being
2336:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2269:
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2249:
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2241:
2237:
2233:
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2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:Sunni Muslims
2134:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:Transcaucasus
2109:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
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1663:
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1611:
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1576:
1571:
1569:
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1549:
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1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:United States
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
840:
835:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
770:
769:
762:
761:List of Kurds
759:
758:
755:
750:
749:
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
723:
714:
713:
706:
701:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
659:
654:
651:
647:
642:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
618:
613:
609:
606:
593:
589:
586:
573:
569:
566:
553:
549:
546:
533:
529:
526:
513:
510:20,591â40,000
509:
506:
505:United States
493:
489:
486:
473:
469:
466:
453:
449:
446:
433:
429:
426:
413:
409:
406:
393:
389:
386:
373:
369:
366:
353:
349:
345:
331:
327:
324:
311:
307:
304:
291:
287:
284:
271:
267:
264:
251:
247:
244:
231:
227:
225:
213:
209:
206:
193:
189:
186:
173:
169:
166:
153:
149:
146:
133:
129:
126:
113:
108:
102:
91:
90:
83:30â40 million
81:
76:
72:
67:
62:
57:
37:
33:
19:
16519:Christianity
16401:Demographics
16335:Oil reserves
16330:Oil Industry
16297:Central Bank
16193:Human rights
16119:Constitution
16064:Tigris river
16044:Persian Gulf
15752:Ottoman Iraq
15737:Qara Qoyunlu
15571:Ubaid period
15391:Mazandaranis
15373:Azerbaijanis
15274:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
15178:Persian Jews
15137:Tats of Iran
15062:YidghaâMunji
14977:Mazanderanis
14895:
14780:
14694:
14670:
14666:
14651:
14644:
14637:
14627:
14614:
14586:
14557:
14548:
14529:
14520:
14501:
14492:
14465:
14456:
14437:
14428:
14401:
14382:
14363:
14354:
14335:
14316:
14297:
14288:
14269:
14242:
14223:
14214:
14195:
14176:
14149:
14140:
14121:
14111:
14090:
14074:
14067:
14060:
14053:
14035:
14027:
14020:
14002:
13978:
13955:
13936:
13903:(1): 43â47.
13900:
13896:
13885:
13852:
13848:
13822:
13809:
13796:
13780:
13772:the original
13748:
13741:
13725:
13724:Harry Ades,
13720:
13711:
13702:
13697:, p. 20
13695:Kennedy 1994
13690:
13678:. Retrieved
13674:the original
13663:
13651:. Retrieved
13647:the original
13637:
13625:. Retrieved
13615:
13575:
13562:
13545:
13539:
13503:
13495:
13487:
13475:. Retrieved
13468:the original
13441:
13437:
13431:
13422:
13418:
13412:
13405:Kurdish Rugs
13389:The Guardian
13388:
13380:
13360:
13352:
13343:
13330:
13322:
13292:cite journal
13255:
13251:
13241:
13229:. Retrieved
13224:
13215:
13203:. Retrieved
13198:
13194:
13184:
13172:
13164:the original
13159:
13150:
13140:18 September
13138:. Retrieved
13134:
13125:
13113:. Retrieved
13109:
13100:
13088:. Retrieved
13083:
13074:
13062:. Retrieved
13058:the original
13048:
13036:. Retrieved
13031:
13022:
13010:. Retrieved
13005:
12996:
12986:18 September
12984:. Retrieved
12979:
12970:
12960:18 September
12958:. Retrieved
12953:
12944:
12932:. Retrieved
12928:the original
12923:
12914:
12902:. Retrieved
12898:the original
12893:
12884:
12872:. Retrieved
12868:
12859:
12847:
12835:. Retrieved
12825:
12813:. Retrieved
12803:
12795:
12786:
12774:
12762:. Retrieved
12752:
12740:. Retrieved
12730:
12718:. Retrieved
12714:the original
12703:
12691:. Retrieved
12687:the original
12676:
12657:
12645:. Retrieved
12635:
12616:
12604:. Retrieved
12600:the original
12590:
12581:
12572:
12556:
12544:. Retrieved
12540:the original
12536:The Scotsman
12535:
12525:
12513:. Retrieved
12503:
12495:the original
12485:
12468:
12460:
12455:
12443:
12431:the original
12418:
12410:
12405:
12397:
12392:
12385:Introduction
12380:
12372:
12367:
12355:. Retrieved
12351:the original
12346:
12337:
12306:
12297:
12266:
12226:
12220:
12192:. New York:
12189:
12152:. New York:
12147:
12139:
12108:
12099:
12068:
12027:. Berkeley:
12023:
12013:
11982:
11973:
11937:
11930:
11899:
11893:
11883:
11874:
11862:. Retrieved
11855:
11845:
11814:
11808:
11787:
11781:
11750:
11707:
11698:
11686:. Retrieved
11681:. New York:
11676:
11625:
11573:
11512:
11503:
11467:
11429:. Retrieved
11422:
11397:. Retrieved
11390:
11365:. Retrieved
11358:
11348:
11332:
11327:
11311:
11306:
11294:. Retrieved
11290:
11281:
11269:
11265:
11260:
11252:
11247:
11239:
11234:
11222:. Retrieved
11218:
11209:
11192:
11180:. Retrieved
11165:
11158:
11149:
11144:
11132:. Retrieved
11119:
11107:. Retrieved
11094:
11082:. Retrieved
11069:
11057:. Retrieved
11051:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11010:
10987:
10977:
10965:. Retrieved
10954:The Guardian
10953:
10943:
10929:(1): 47â64.
10926:
10922:
10916:
10907:
10897:
10886:
10874:. Retrieved
10865:
10853:. Retrieved
10849:the original
10838:
10826:. Retrieved
10822:the original
10817:
10808:
10796:. Retrieved
10791:
10782:
10762:
10755:
10745:
10736:
10716:
10709:
10685:
10680:
10656:
10651:
10623:
10618:
10606:. Retrieved
10596:
10559:
10549:
10537:. Retrieved
10527:
10515:. Retrieved
10511:the original
10506:
10497:
10485:. Retrieved
10478:
10469:
10438:
10432:
10405:
10363:
10324:
10315:
10307:
10293:
10287:
10279:
10265:
10259:
10251:
10237:
10231:
10223:
10209:
10203:
10195:
10181:
10175:
10163:. Retrieved
10152:
10140:
10132:
10127:
10118:
10103:
10093:
10085:
10080:
10072:
10067:
10052:
10047:
10035:. Retrieved
10015:
10011:
9998:
9986:. Retrieved
9982:the original
9961:
9957:
9927:
9910:
9902:
9893:
9885:
9880:
9872:
9868:
9842:
9830:
9818:
9806:. Retrieved
9796:
9786:
9767:
9755:
9743:
9738:, p. 1.
9731:
9719:
9711:
9707:
9697:
9684:
9652:Matthee 2008
9647:Matthee 2005
9637:
9628:
9623:
9603:
9597:
9585:
9573:
9561:
9549:
9541:
9536:
9524:
9512:
9500:
9488:
9483:, p. 7.
9464:Kennedy 2016
9445:Peacock 2000
9440:
9428:
9416:
9411:
9402:
9393:
9385:
9380:
9372:
9367:
9355:
9350:
9325:
9321:
9315:
9296:
9290:
9282:
9277:
9269:
9264:
9255:
9251:
9245:
9236:. Berkeley:
9233:
9228:
9203:
9199:
9193:
9174:
9168:
9149:
9143:
9131:. Retrieved
9102:
9098:
9092:
9078:(2): 41â51.
9075:
9071:
9054:
9050:
9030:
9000:
8993:
8985:
8980:
8968:. Retrieved
8961:the original
8948:
8943:
8934:
8924:
8901:
8895:
8878:
8874:
8868:
8860:
8855:
8831:
8824:
8804:
8797:
8785:. Retrieved
8781:
8768:
8748:
8741:
8724:
8720:
8714:
8703:
8698:
8687:
8682:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8635:. Retrieved
8620:
8614:
8589:
8585:
8579:
8572:
8551:
8544:
8523:
8516:
8495:
8486:
8477:
8465:. Retrieved
8461:the original
8456:
8447:
8436:
8427:
8402:
8398:
8388:
8376:. Retrieved
8354:
8348:
8331:
8319:. Retrieved
8317:(in Persian)
8309:
8291:
8284:
8259:
8249:
8229:
8222:
8202:
8195:
8175:
8168:
8140:
8118:. Retrieved
8081:
8048:
8041:
8024:
8018:
7993:
7989:
7979:
7962:
7956:
7937:
7931:
7912:
7908:
7902:
7890:. Retrieved
7883:the original
7856:
7852:
7839:
7831:
7826:
7814:. Retrieved
7803:
7798:
7782:. Retrieved
7778:the original
7763:
7754:
7745:. Retrieved
7740:
7730:
7721:
7701:
7678:. Retrieved
7674:
7665:
7653:. Retrieved
7651:. Zazaki.net
7642:
7632:
7623:
7603:
7596:
7578:
7564:. Retrieved
7558:
7534:
7526:
7521:
7513:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7490:
7465:
7432:
7428:
7422:
7414:
7410:
7404:
7394:
7386:
7372:
7353:
7347:
7335:. Retrieved
7330:
7321:
7312:
7307:
7287:
7280:
7270:
7263:
7247:. ABC-CLIO.
7243:
7236:
7228:
7224:
7214:
7200:
7186:
7172:
7160:. Retrieved
7153:the original
7148:
7135:
7123:. Retrieved
7119:
7110:
7098:. Retrieved
7088:
7076:. Retrieved
7069:the original
7056:
7047:
7035:
7023:. Retrieved
7013:
7001:. Retrieved
6991:
6979:. Retrieved
6975:the original
6950:. Retrieved
6946:
6937:
6925:. Retrieved
6921:
6912:
6900:. Retrieved
6898:. p. 12
6886:
6874:. Retrieved
6869:
6860:
6848:. Retrieved
6844:
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6818:
6806:
6794:. Retrieved
6785:
6775:29 September
6773:. Retrieved
6766:the original
6753:
6741:. Retrieved
6729:
6717:. Retrieved
6712:
6703:
6691:. Retrieved
6687:
6678:
6666:. Retrieved
6662:the original
6658:Demoscope.ru
6657:
6648:
6636:. Retrieved
6631:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6598:
6588:
6576:. Retrieved
6571:
6562:
6550:. Retrieved
6538:
6529:
6517:. Retrieved
6513:
6504:
6492:. Retrieved
6482:
6472:
6458:
6454:
6442:. Retrieved
6432:
6420:. Retrieved
6410:
6369:. Retrieved
6365:the original
6347:
6116:
5989:(11.5%) and
5968:
5927:Y chromosome
5908:
5882:
5874:
5866:Hosap Castle
5862:
5842:
5830:Dicle Bridge
5827:
5823:Mount Nemrud
5821:near Takab,
5815:Taq-e Bostan
5807:
5799:
5780:Dicle Bridge
5767:Architecture
5749:Misha Aloyan
5734:
5731:
5689:
5666:
5643:
5624:
5598:
5594:The Exorcist
5592:
5586:
5580:
5577:Hiner Saleem
5570:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5505:Yılmaz GĂŒney
5502:
5497:
5493:
5483:
5473:
5445:Sivan Perwer
5441:Darin Zanyar
5422:
5414:dĂźlok/narĂźnk
5413:
5409:
5405:
5397:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5354:storytellers
5351:
5324:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5289:Deq (tattoo)
5278:
5274:
5267:
5252:
5228:
5204:
5193:
5170:
5157:Kurdish Jews
5153:
5149:
5145:
5125:mythological
5118:
5114:
5073:
5048:
5023:
4999:
4977:
4973:Syrian Kurds
4921:
4813:
4805:Soviet Union
4798:
4761:
4745:Afrin Canton
4742:
4731:
4716:
4701:
4690:
4628:
4619:Sulaimaniyah
4610:
4594:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4524:
4493:
4399:land reforms
4376:
4352:insurrection
4285:
4196:
4130:Simko Shikak
4123:
4119:fifth column
4075:
4028:
3982:against the
3974:was part of
3961:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3892:
3878:
3860:
3839:
3814:
3808:
3793:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3746:
3741:
3734:Cemal GĂŒrsel
3725:
3699:CIA Factbook
3696:
3630:Pennsylvania
3622:Michael Radu
3611:
3579:
3575:
3560:
3541:
3505:Simko Shikak
3482:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3407:
3392:
3362:
3315:Qajar Persia
3308:
3300:Cizre Bohtan
3296:Bedirhan Bey
3293:
3252:
3227:When Sultan
3226:
3196:
3181:
3169:Ottoman Iraq
3157:
3138:
3116:Zand dynasty
3085:grand vizier
3074:
3035:
3008:
3001:, married a
2996:Safavid shah
2942:
2889:Hasanwayhids
2844:
2834:In 934, the
2833:
2817:
2770:
2729:
2727:
2697:
2680:
2665:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2628:
2607:
2604:Sassanid era
2601:
2596:
2581:
2535:
2501:
2474:
2441:
2437:Christianity
2422:
2419:Christianity
2405:Christianity
2394:Sulaymaniyah
2383:
2375:Christianity
2331:
2325:
2290:
2287:
2266:shares with
2224:TawĂ»sĂȘ Melek
2213:monotheistic
2210:
2172:
2141:
2117:Central Asia
2110:
2103:
2100:
2063:
2058:; and 9% in
2037:
2019:
1990:
1983:
1959:multilingual
1952:
1915:
1913:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1806:
1801:
1782:
1774:
1762:Ten Thousand
1751:
1687:
1685:
1666:independence
1591:
1572:
1538:of Kurds in
1534:. There are
1516:Western Asia
1508:ethnic group
1486:
1482:
1481:
1412:Christianity
1283:Celebrations
1165:
1164:
1100:Hasanwayhids
1062:
1061:
1021:
1020:
976:Turkmenistan
837:
836:
781:
780:
753:
692:Christianity
625:
402:
87:
39:Ethnic group
36:
16675:WikiProject
16476:Marsh Arabs
16461:Circassians
16142:Foreign aid
16034:Mesopotamia
15596:Uruk period
15464:Circassians
15284:Manichaeism
15279:Khurramites
15163:Armeno-Tats
14742:Government.
13523:R. Alakom '
13509:Zare (1927)
12031:. pp.
11633:. pp.
11581:. pp.
11475:. pp.
11224:29 December
11182:29 December
11134:29 December
11109:29 December
11084:29 December
11059:29 December
10967:25 February
10828:10 November
10626:, 534 pp.,
10622:H. Hannum,
10579:10036/37913
9804:. Unhchr.ch
9672:Tapper 1997
9667:Amanat 2017
9657:Savory 2008
9354:al-Tabari.
9206:: 247â290.
9105:(1): 1â58.
8693:pp. 220â221
8453:"The Kurds"
8405:: 451â486.
7892:20 February
7878:11693/26432
7337:29 December
7100:27 November
7025:27 November
6902:10 November
6876:24 December
6743:4 September
6634:(in French)
6101:Albert Kahn
6009:(2.3%) and
5840:near Homs.
5747:and Yezidi
5556:, starring
5527:(1982) and
5509:Ăirkin Kral
5402:Chopy Fatah
5255:handicrafts
5237:Handicrafts
4948:Switzerland
4611:safe havens
4560:During the
4530:regions of
4354:started by
4288:nationalist
4219:nationalism
4207:Pan-Iranist
4203:Pan-Arabism
4199:Pan-Turkism
4180:nationalism
4098:nationalism
4002:, and even
3831:Switzerland
3754:martial law
3718: [
3563:martial law
3441:Djabachdjur
3425:Young Turks
3395:World War I
3365:World War I
3279:(Safavids,
3199:Baluchistan
3110:Zand period
3070:Circassians
2976:invasions.
2914:Hazaraspids
2824:Al-Mu'tasim
2773:Middle Ages
2746:Barhebreaus
2690:Mar Abdisho
2686:Mar Qardagh
2602:During the
2580:. The term
2554:Kai Khosrow
2544:capital of
2523:Mesopotamia
2504:Mesopotamia
2386:fire temple
2351:Golden Rule
2343:Ahura Mazda
2297:holy places
1900:Middle East
1799:) instead.
1766:Mesopotamia
1717:. Assyrian
1668:throughout
1598:World War I
1562:(primarily
1526:, northern
1120:Hazaraspids
936:Netherlands
663:Sunni Islam
405:Switzerland
283:Netherlands
16700:Categories
16592:Television
16572:Literature
16534:Irreligion
16509:Secularism
16446:Minorities
16314:(currency)
16307:Corruption
16152:Government
15943:Insurgency
15742:Aq Qoyunlu
15563:Chronology
15424:Others 1%
15417:and other
14939:Feyli Lurs
14923:Bakhtiaris
14871:Bashkardis
14611:Samir Amin
13680:23 January
13554:6302824435
13546:Yol (1982)
13012:19 January
12904:2 December
12874:2 December
12837:14 October
12815:14 October
12764:2 December
12742:2 December
12720:2 December
12708:Vinsinfo.
12693:2 December
12647:2 December
12606:2 December
12546:2 December
12515:2 December
12357:2 December
12033:39â41, 178
11945:. p.
11941:. Durham:
11753:. Lanham:
10608:2 December
10539:2 December
10517:2 December
10487:2 December
10037:19 October
9988:19 October
9808:2 December
9662:Hamid 2006
9590:Lewis 2002
9578:Laine 2015
9505:Aáž„mad 1985
9481:Vacca 2017
9272:, pp. 6â7.
9258:: 127â141.
8931:"Cyrtians"
8637:30 January
7566:2 December
7048:geostat.ge
7003:3 February
6952:14 January
6947:Ethnologue
6927:14 January
6922:Ethnologue
6850:14 January
6845:Ethnologue
6638:2 November
6307:References
6300:Zaza Kurds
6147:Piranshahr
5943:West Asian
5891:See also:
5784:Diyarbakir
5708:Kermanshah
5681:Dalkurd FF
5433:Ahmet Kaya
5418:work songs
5259:Kermanshah
5212:Kermanshah
4778:See also:
4755:since the
4553:picnic in
4430:Revolution
4403:parliament
4213:. Secular
4168:Azerbaijan
4103:Shia Islam
4067:boundaries
4063:historical
4004:Diyarbakır
3880:Leyla Zana
3874:Leyla Zana
3855:deep state
3843:Diyarbakır
3789:Diyarbakir
3770:Diyarbakir
3766:Mehdi Zana
3744:(DoÄulu).
3703:Ethnologue
3509:Lake Urmia
3239:, annexed
3159:People in
3153:Zand tribe
3149:Karim Khan
3145:Nader Shah
3125:Karim Khan
3096:Amir Kabir
3092:Suleiman I
3068:, and the
2882:Azerbaijan
2863:Shaddadids
2766:Holy Ghost
2738:Theophilus
2702:Mount Judi
2614:Ardashir I
2574:Kardouchoi
2531:Utu-hengal
2516:pre-Iranic
2398:frame drum
2392:opened in
2371:Gnosticism
2347:messianism
2179:Shia Islam
2164:Naqshbandi
2106:in Germany
2028:Population
1638:rebellions
1564:in Germany
1546:, and the
1313:Literature
1090:Shaddadids
926:Kazakhstan
866:Azerbaijan
774:Population
668:Shia Islam
585:Kyrgyzstan
365:Kazakhstan
224:Azerbaijan
16612:Squatting
16577:Education
16524:Mandaeism
16493:/Turkoman
16471:Mandaeans
16456:Assyrians
16451:Armenians
16414:Languages
16302:Companies
16257:Judiciary
16167:President
16137:Elections
16132:Democracy
15978:Geography
15894:Sanctions
15812:2003â2011
15807:1968â2003
15802:1958â1968
15661:Babylonia
15457:Assyrians
15450:Georgians
15443:Armenians
15304:Yarsanism
15294:Mazdaznan
15289:Mazdakism
15264:Assianism
15229:Languages
15142:Yaghnobis
15097:Basseries
15046:Oroshoris
14982:Ossetians
14967:Mamasanis
14953:Hasanvand
14687:143220624
14404:. Brill.
14152:. Brill.
14068:Rowanduz.
13919:1874-2203
13493:"ណÄlkubi"
13231:18 August
13205:18 August
13110:USA Today
12329:171111098
12271:Zed Books
12249:753913763
12212:756496931
11864:17 August
11773:430736528
11688:17 August
11579:Routledge
11473:Routledge
11431:17 August
11399:17 August
11367:16 August
11272:, Ed. by
10998:0362-4331
10962:0261-3077
10588:1773-0546
10480:Ekurd.net
10461:259715774
10424:714725127
10120:declined.
10051:Fisk, R.
10032:220375529
9978:144607707
9724:Blow 2009
9690:Kurdistan
9677:Manz 2021
9373:The Kurds
9342:143606283
9220:163337124
8881:: 68â86.
8733:2360-266X
8727:: 6, 16.
8606:162528712
8378:8 October
8301:879288867
8276:999248462
8268:0015-5675
8160:772844849
8033:999248462
8010:1874-7094
7971:879288867
7917:CiteSeerX
7741:State.gov
7655:11 August
7495:authors."
7449:0003-0279
6918:"Austria"
6607:1101-2412
6547:0882-7729
6361:1553-8133
6317:Citations
6250:Kurdology
6099:Kurds by
5993:(11.5%).
5985:(12.7%),
5981:(12.7%),
5977:(13.8%),
5939:Caucasian
5753:taekwondo
5741:Nur Tatar
5726:Kurdistan
5719:Kurdistan
5704:Kurdistan
5388:, heroic
5378:ĆevbihĂȘrk
5362:minstrels
5141:Shahmaran
5045:Education
4996:Nashville
4747:has been
4740:in 2013.
4631:Peshmerga
4424:in 2013.
4364:terrorist
4306:) led by
4247:communist
4176:Kurdistan
4152:Reza Shah
3990:, at the
3972:Kurdistan
3796:Kurdistan
3742:Easterner
3738:euphemism
3646:Kurdistan
3571:Assyrians
3548:Ba'athist
3421:Armenians
3359:(in 1920)
3357:Kurdistan
3306:century.
3281:Afsharids
3143:ruled by
3066:Georgians
3062:Armenians
2974:Mongolian
2970:Assassins
2962:Crusaders
2960:from the
2958:Jerusalem
2896:Marwanids
2836:Daylamite
2829:Hamdanids
2820:Mir Jafar
2805:Khuzestan
2793:Al-Tabari
2785:al-Masudi
2758:Magianism
2694:Marzobans
2657:Zabdicene
2655:province
2649:Shapur II
2622:Ardavan V
2586:Shahnameh
2508:Akkadians
2465:Antiquity
2363:free will
2335:Zoroaster
2322:Faravahar
2301:Kurdistan
2284:Yarsanism
2278:Yarsanism
2272:Yarsanism
2168:Qadiriyya
2054:; 10% in
1975:Turkified
1955:bilingual
1948:Al-Masudi
1936:Kurdistan
1676:Etymology
1670:Kurdistan
1634:genocides
1628:. Recent
1512:Kurdistan
1503:) are an
1432:YazdĂąnism
1427:Yarsanism
1422:Shabakism
1336:Languages
1115:Hadhabani
1110:Marwanids
1080:Aishanids
1070:Shahrizor
1040:Zabdicene
946:Palestine
790:Kurdistan
680:Yarsanism
636:Pehlewani
615:Languages
605:Australia
16655:Category
16504:Religion
16481:Persians
16365:Railways
16360:Airlines
16242:Military
16103:Politics
16079:Wildlife
16069:Umm Qasr
15899:Iraq War
15882:Gulf War
15794:Republic
15747:Safavids
15710:638â1958
15415:Turkmens
15367:Persians
15309:Yazidism
15299:Scythian
15112:Semnanis
15104:Sistanis
15084:Persians
15070:Pashtuns
15039:Badzhuis
15032:Shughnis
14946:Hadavand
14891:Kumzaris
14881:Farsiwan
14876:Dehwaris
13976:(2002).
13877:23771698
13869:15996169
13604:Archived
13528:Archived
13369:Archived
13284:24010850
13115:13 April
13090:13 April
13064:13 April
13038:13 April
12666:Archived
12624:Archived
12582:Refworld
12475:Archived
12305:(2008).
12289:54966573
12107:(1982).
12091:61425259
11981:(1982).
11965:16923212
11922:61425259
11837:54059369
11749:(2010).
11706:(1982).
11653:13762196
11623:(1986).
11601:24247652
11511:(1982).
11495:24247652
11002:Archived
10798:28 April
10630:, 1996,
10386:50269670
10362:(2003).
10343:46851965
10323:(2000).
10159:Archived
10101:(2006).
10006:(2004).
9939:. Pg 75.
9922:. Pg 95.
8690:, 2017.
8114:Archived
7784:3 August
7753:The CIA
7747:2 August
7586:Archived
7396:BBC News
7316:million.
6981:29 March
6943:"Greece"
6719:3 August
6612:7 August
6578:7 August
6572:POLITICO
6552:7 August
6519:7 August
6371:2 August
6355:. 2015.
6227:See also
6190:Hawraman
6005:(4.6%),
6001:(5.7%),
5964:Anatolia
5935:European
5887:Genetics
5777:Marwanid
5728:as well.
5662:Zakho FC
5654:Duhok SC
5650:Erbil SC
5521:(1979),
5435:and the
5410:Payizoks
5404:, while
5366:stranbĂȘj
5358:çßrokbĂȘj
5263:Sanandaj
5208:Sanandaj
5099:Folklore
5031:Persians
4982:and the
4957:Dewsbury
4842:Diaspora
4838:forces.
4836:Armenian
4816:Kalbajar
4749:occupied
4723:Damascus
4719:Qamishli
4679:Kurdish
4655:Iraq War
4566:de facto
4536:Khanaqin
4508:Khanaqin
4286:Several
4172:Luristan
4065:Iranian
4051:Kurmanji
4039:Safavids
4031:Persians
4024:Khorasan
3776:and the
3750:folklore
3558:region.
3419:of both
3388:Hamidiye
3317:and the
3233:Ismail I
3165:Caucasus
3077:Kurmanji
3050:Khorasan
3038:Ismail I
3031:Ottomans
2921:Ayyubids
2903:Annazids
2797:Hormuzan
2789:ethnonym
2777:Persians
2764:and the
2588:and the
2578:Cyrtians
2542:Assyrian
2527:Sumerian
2495:and the
2489:Assyrian
2481:Qarduchi
2477:Lake Van
2433:Assyrian
2429:Armenian
2326:Fravashi
2264:Yazidism
2195:Yazidism
2185:Yazidism
2127:Religion
2092:Persians
1997:Kurmanji
1979:Arabised
1884:Language
1815:used in
1804:ethnonym
1783:Corduene
1758:Xenophon
1753:Corduene
1709:Sumerian
1696:Assyrian
1662:autonomy
1596:. After
1577:and the
1556:Istanbul
1548:Caucasus
1544:Khorasan
1536:exclaves
1437:Yazidism
1393:Religion
1355:Kurmanji
1308:Folklore
1303:Language
1273:Clothing
1125:Ayyubids
1105:Annazids
1095:Rawadids
1063:Medieval
1057:Kayusids
1045:Cyrtians
1035:Corduene
960:Chechnya
951:Pakistan
858:Caucasia
839:Diaspora
782:Homeland
722:a series
720:Part of
676:Yazidism
656:Religion
632:Kurmanji
268:100,000+
16685:Commons
16602:Smoking
16567:Culture
16562:Cuisine
16545:General
16529:Yazidis
16486:Solluba
16439:Persian
16429:Kurdish
16424:Aramaic
16389:Society
16370:Tourism
16281:Economy
16029:Islands
16004:Borders
15829: (
15819:present
15754:(incl.
15666:Assyria
15611:Subartu
15551:History
15409:Balochs
15173:Hazaras
15127:Talyshs
15117:Shabaks
15019:Pamiris
14930:Shehnis
14909:Yazidis
14857:Balochs
14842:Achomis
14740:Swedish
14063:London.
13653:2 March
13627:2 March
13275:3844478
13258:: 809.
13201:: 39â58
12934:2 March
12172:9282694
12131:7975938
12051:1219525
12005:7975938
11800:1102813
11730:7975938
11635:186â187
11583:138â141
11537:7975938
11343:, p.259
11322:, p.258
11296:2 March
10876:17 July
10855:25 June
10165:24 July
9823:Matthee
9133:2 March
8970:23 June
8787:4 March
8674:4132112
8487:Reuters
8467:9 March
8419:2843309
8321:22 June
7863:: 447.
7816:22 June
7810:"Kurds"
7680:12 June
7457:4132112
7327:"Kurds"
6401:by the
6170:Bisaran
6103:, 1910s
6044:Gallery
5905:, Iraq.
5903:Halabja
5811:Bisotun
5629:or the
5437:Kamkars
5398:Heyrans
5394:Saladin
5390:ballads
5374:dengbĂȘj
5368:), and
5303:tattoos
5283:Tattoos
5270:jambiya
5247:jambiya
5220:Malatya
5179:Weaving
5173:dengbĂȘj
5166:Yezidis
5129:Simurgh
5095:(FGM).
5087:and in
5010:Culture
4965:Markazi
4940:Benelux
4936:Austria
4932:Germany
4917:Chobani
4801:Armenia
4626:(KRG).
4516:Baghdad
4512:Baghdad
4488:Baghdad
4312:Komalah
4304:1989â96
4292:Marxist
4266:Mahabad
4256:called
4231:Marxism
4160:Iranian
3888:Kurdish
3707:Kurdish
3587:Marxist
3517:Halabja
3513:Marivan
3477:leaders
3465:Marasch
3453:Erzurum
3437:Russian
3429:Erzurum
3303:Emirate
3269:Hakkari
3257:Erzerum
3253:sanjaks
3229:Selim I
3161:Persian
3058:Turkmen
3046:Abbas I
3011:Safavid
2964:at the
2954:Saladin
2946:Zengids
2878:Rawadid
2867:Armenia
2742:Persian
2718:Saladin
2672:Singara
2546:Nineveh
2454:History
2256:Armenia
2252:Georgia
2228:peacock
2191:Yazidis
2175:Alevism
2162:orders
2156:Alevism
1967:Turkish
1963:Persian
1944:Armenia
1870:Kurmanj
1843:Kurmanj
1825:Iranian
1796:Cyrtaei
1768:in the
1704:and in
1692:toponym
1646:Iranian
1642:Turkish
1566:). The
1491:Kurdish
1417:Judaism
1278:Cuisine
1261:Culture
1155:Mokryan
1145:Badinan
1140:Ardalan
1050:Moxoene
1022:Ancient
1009:History
986:Ukraine
931:Lebanon
891:Germany
881:Finland
876:Denmark
870:Georgia
862:Armenia
848:Belgium
688:Judaism
621:Kurdish
565:Georgia
545:Finland
465:Austria
425:Denmark
385:Armenia
323:Belgium
288:100,000
248:150,000
205:Germany
16665:Portal
16607:Sports
16582:Health
16557:Cinema
16409:Iraqis
16312:Dinar
16247:Police
16049:Places
15539:topics
15483:Zagari
15429:Talysh
15385:Gilaks
15269:BĂĄbism
15208:Origin
15183:Shihuh
15122:Tajiks
15055:Wakhis
15002:Kudars
14988:Digors
14886:Gilaks
14847:Aimaqs
14783:â 2001
14685:
14632:online
14584:about
14564:
14536:
14508:
14480:
14444:
14416:
14389:
14370:
14342:
14323:
14304:
14276:
14257:
14230:
14202:
14183:
14164:
14128:
14098:
14081:
14042:
14009:
13990:
13962:
13943:
13917:
13875:
13867:
13788:
13764:
13732:
13579:FIFA '
13566:IMDb '
13552:
13507:IMDb '
13477:7 July
13282:
13272:
12854:, p.22
12327:
12317:
12287:
12277:
12247:
12237:
12210:
12200:
12170:
12160:
12129:
12119:
12089:
12079:
12049:
12039:
12003:
11993:
11963:
11953:
11920:
11910:
11835:
11825:
11798:
11771:
11761:
11728:
11718:
11651:
11641:
11599:
11589:
11535:
11525:
11493:
11483:
11339:
11318:
11173:
11053:Bianet
10996:
10960:
10770:
10724:
10700:
10692:
10671:
10663:
10642:
10634:
10586:
10459:
10449:
10422:
10412:
10384:
10374:
10341:
10331:
10300:
10272:
10244:
10216:
10188:
10111:
10059:
10030:
9976:
9935:
9918:
9838:tribe
9611:
9340:
9303:
9218:
9181:
9156:
9038:
9008:
8912:
8843:
8812:
8756:
8731:
8709:pp. 82
8672:
8628:
8604:
8567:
8559:
8539:
8531:
8511:
8503:
8457:Urbana
8417:
8339:
8299:
8274:
8266:
8237:
8210:
8183:
8158:
8148:
8120:15 May
8106:
8086:Oxford
8056:
8031:
8008:
7969:
7944:
7919:
7714:
7611:
7481:
7473:
7455:
7447:
7360:
7295:
7251:
7162:29 May
7125:25 May
7096:. 2022
7078:9 July
6825:27 May
6796:4 July
6693:9 June
6668:4 July
6605:
6545:
6494:9 June
6444:18 May
6422:18 May
6359:
6220:Rojava
6176:, 2017
5997:(8%),
5858:Lalish
5803:Harran
5761:boxing
5607:Sports
5597:, and
5588:Triage
5480:, 2009
5455:Cinema
5447:, and
5386:Lawiks
5249:dagger
5224:Bitlis
5039:Newroz
4992:Canada
4980:Canada
4961:London
4952:France
4938:, the
4890:, and
4828:Soviet
4820:Lachin
4727:Aleppo
4712:Arabic
4671:Rojava
4635:Kirkuk
4555:Kirkuk
4551:Newroz
4532:Kirkuk
4510:, and
4500:Kirkuk
4472:; and
4442:Tehran
4320:Turkey
4251:Soviet
4211:Turkey
4191:Newroz
4156:Turkic
4094:tribal
4082:Turkey
4059:Gorani
4057:, and
4055:Sorani
4008:Turkey
3956:, and
3851:Ćırnak
3849:, and
3835:Russia
3833:, and
3819:Turkey
3679:, and
3655:Turkey
3591:feudal
3556:Kirkuk
3521:Soviet
3501:Turkey
3461:Aintab
3457:Bitlis
3433:Bitlis
3341:, and
3285:Qajars
3261:Erivan
3249:Bitlis
3221:, and
3184:Qajars
3064:, the
3054:Afghan
2948:. The
2762:Christ
2606:, in
2570:Median
2497:Hebrew
2493:Urartu
2448:Zakare
2417:, and
2377:, and
2361:, and
2355:heaven
2349:, the
2293:Gorani
2248:Russia
2244:Turkey
2205:Lalish
2152:Hanafi
2094:, and
2086:after
2048:Turkey
2011:Xwarin
2004:Sorani
1965:, and
1940:Arabic
1932:Turkey
1902:(1992)
1876:, and
1874:Kalhur
1858:, and
1855:Kalhor
1821:nomads
1789:Cyrtii
1725:Tigris
1714:Kar-da
1664:, and
1652:, and
1650:Syrian
1624:, and
1618:Turkey
1558:) and
1520:Turkey
1505:Iranic
1405:Spread
1380:Gorani
1365:Xwarin
1360:Sorani
1166:Modern
1135:Badlis
1085:Daisam
981:Turkey
971:Sweden
956:Russia
941:Norway
921:Jordan
911:Israel
896:Greece
886:France
853:Canada
795:Turkey
754:People
716:
703:Other
650:Gorani
646:Zazaki
628:Sorani
610:10,171
602:
590:13,200
582:
570:13,861
562:
550:15,850
542:
530:16,315
525:Canada
522:
502:
490:22,000
485:Greece
482:
470:23,000
462:
450:30,000
445:Jordan
442:
430:30,000
422:
410:35,000
390:37,470
382:
370:47,938
362:
350:49,841
341:
328:50,000
320:
308:63,818
303:Russia
300:
280:
263:Sweden
260:
243:France
240:
221:
202:
182:
162:
142:
125:Turkey
122:
16597:Music
16587:Media
16514:Islam
16466:Kurds
16292:Banks
16230:Women
16024:Lakes
15817:2011â
15777:Kings
15606:Sumer
15403:Arabs
15379:Kurds
15147:Zazas
15011:Jaszs
14995:Irons
14896:Kurds
14683:S2CID
14619:, in
14587:Kurds
13873:S2CID
13736:p.226
13471:(PDF)
13464:(PDF)
12434:(PDF)
12427:(PDF)
11882:. in
11477:17â19
11268:, in
11201:(PDF)
11128:(PDF)
11103:(PDF)
11078:(PDF)
11019:(PDF)
10923:Orbis
10562:(5).
10028:S2CID
9974:S2CID
9338:S2CID
9216:S2CID
8964:(PDF)
8957:(PDF)
8670:JSTOR
8602:S2CID
8415:JSTOR
7886:(PDF)
7859:(3).
7849:(PDF)
7758:data.
7453:JSTOR
7156:(PDF)
7145:(PDF)
7072:(PDF)
7065:(PDF)
7044:(PDF)
6896:(PDF)
6815:(PDF)
6769:(PDF)
6762:(PDF)
6738:(PDF)
6713:nomis
6205:Erbil
6097:Zakho
5931:Y-STR
5923:mtDNA
5739:were
5530:Duvar
5406:Lawje
5370:bards
5328:henna
5231:Jaffs
5216:Siirt
5200:wefts
5189:Bijar
5161:Zakho
5091:also
5053:Women
4704:Syria
4693:Syria
4661:Syria
4639:Mosul
4615:Erbil
4589:Erbil
4574:Anfal
4520:Mosul
4504:Mosul
4446:Sunni
4344:Kurds
4308:KDP-I
4243:KDP-I
4115:Sunni
4043:Zands
4012:Syria
4000:Mosul
3804:ICCPR
3722:]
3538:(CIA)
3469:Konya
3449:Musch
3265:Timur
3245:Idris
3177:Basra
3003:Mukri
2937:Yemen
2933:Hejaz
2929:Syria
2925:Egypt
2871:Arran
2839:Buyid
2754:mahdi
2750:pagan
2668:Kavad
2661:Cizre
2653:Roman
2618:Madig
2568:like
2538:Medes
2529:king
2491:term
2379:Islam
2240:Syria
2138:Islam
2096:Turks
2088:Arabs
2060:Syria
1969:as a
1928:Syria
1916:KurdĂź
1878:Guran
1861:Guran
1812:kwrt-
1778:Qardu
1720:Qardu
1701:Qardu
1626:Syria
1532:Syria
1483:Kurds
1400:Islam
1318:Music
1288:Dance
1160:Baban
1150:Soran
1130:Zands
966:Syria
916:Japan
825:Syria
185:Syria
43:Kurds
16497:Jews
16220:LGBT
16184:List
16172:List
15537:Iraq
15471:Jews
15436:Tats
15397:Lurs
14917:Lurs
14562:ISBN
14534:ISBN
14506:ISBN
14478:ISBN
14442:ISBN
14414:ISBN
14387:ISBN
14368:ISBN
14340:ISBN
14321:ISBN
14302:ISBN
14274:ISBN
14255:ISBN
14228:ISBN
14200:ISBN
14181:ISBN
14162:ISBN
14126:ISBN
14096:ISBN
14079:ISBN
14040:ISBN
14007:ISBN
13988:ISBN
13960:ISBN
13941:ISBN
13915:ISSN
13865:PMID
13786:ISBN
13762:ISBN
13730:ISBN
13682:2007
13655:2014
13629:2014
13550:ASIN
13479:2013
13444:: 5.
13425:: 5.
13304:help
13280:PMID
13233:2017
13207:2017
13142:2015
13117:2013
13092:2013
13066:2013
13040:2013
13014:2013
12988:2015
12962:2015
12936:2014
12906:2011
12876:2011
12839:2019
12817:2019
12766:2011
12744:2011
12722:2011
12695:2011
12649:2011
12608:2011
12548:2011
12517:2011
12359:2011
12325:OCLC
12315:ISBN
12285:OCLC
12275:ISBN
12245:OCLC
12235:ISBN
12208:OCLC
12198:ISBN
12168:OCLC
12158:ISBN
12127:OCLC
12117:ISBN
12087:OCLC
12077:ISBN
12047:OCLC
12037:ISBN
12001:OCLC
11991:ISBN
11961:OCLC
11951:ISBN
11918:OCLC
11908:ISBN
11866:2013
11833:OCLC
11823:ISBN
11796:OCLC
11769:OCLC
11759:ISBN
11726:OCLC
11716:ISBN
11690:2013
11649:OCLC
11639:ISBN
11597:OCLC
11587:ISBN
11533:OCLC
11523:ISBN
11491:OCLC
11481:ISBN
11433:2013
11401:2013
11369:2013
11337:ISBN
11316:ISBN
11298:2014
11226:2015
11184:2015
11171:ISBN
11136:2015
11111:2015
11086:2015
11061:2015
10994:ISSN
10969:2023
10958:ISSN
10878:2015
10857:2015
10830:2015
10800:2016
10768:ISBN
10722:ISBN
10698:ISBN
10690:ISBN
10669:ISBN
10661:ISBN
10640:ISBN
10632:ISBN
10610:2011
10584:ISSN
10541:2011
10519:2011
10489:2011
10457:OCLC
10447:ISBN
10420:OCLC
10410:ISBN
10382:OCLC
10372:ISBN
10339:OCLC
10329:ISBN
10298:ISBN
10270:ISBN
10242:ISBN
10214:ISBN
10186:ISBN
10167:2013
10109:ISBN
10057:ISBN
10039:2007
9990:2007
9933:ISBN
9916:ISBN
9810:2011
9702:107.
9609:ISBN
9301:ISBN
9256:XVII
9179:ISBN
9154:ISBN
9135:2014
9036:ISBN
9006:ISBN
8972:2015
8910:ISBN
8841:ISBN
8810:ISBN
8789:2016
8754:ISBN
8729:ISSN
8639:2017
8626:ISBN
8565:ISBN
8557:ISBN
8537:ISBN
8529:ISBN
8509:ISBN
8501:ISBN
8469:2016
8380:2016
8337:ISBN
8323:2021
8297:OCLC
8272:OCLC
8264:ISSN
8235:ISBN
8208:ISBN
8181:ISBN
8156:OCLC
8146:ISBN
8122:2021
8104:ISBN
8054:ISBN
8029:OCLC
8006:ISSN
7967:OCLC
7942:ISBN
7894:2021
7818:2012
7786:2015
7749:2015
7712:ISBN
7682:2017
7657:2015
7609:ISBN
7568:2011
7514:kurd
7509:kurt
7479:ISBN
7471:ISBN
7445:ISSN
7358:ISBN
7339:2014
7293:ISBN
7249:ISBN
7164:2019
7127:2019
7102:2022
7080:2012
7027:2022
7005:2018
6983:2019
6954:2015
6929:2015
6904:2012
6878:2013
6852:2015
6827:2014
6798:2022
6777:2013
6745:2013
6721:2013
6695:2014
6670:2012
6640:2019
6614:2023
6603:ISSN
6580:2023
6554:2023
6543:ISSN
6521:2023
6496:2014
6446:2019
6424:2019
6373:2015
6357:ISSN
6151:Iran
5979:R1a1
5945:and
5917:and
5913:and
5911:Zaza
5813:and
5793:The
5775:The
5759:and
5712:Ilam
5710:and
5660:and
5627:FIFA
5564:and
5518:SĂŒrĂŒ
5449:Azad
5382:epic
5314:soot
5261:and
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5131:and
5107:The
5035:Lurs
5033:and
5018:and
4971:are
4950:and
4782:and
4725:and
4683:and
4669:and
4617:and
4534:and
4452:Iraq
4438:Shia
4412:and
4356:PJAK
4326:and
4310:and
4300:1979
4296:1967
4290:and
4245:and
4235:USSR
4201:and
4174:and
4107:Iran
4086:Iraq
4076:The
4041:and
4016:Iraq
4014:and
3980:wars
3968:Iran
3962:The
3940:Iran
3823:NATO
3809:The
3693:1899
3648:and
3569:and
3552:Iraq
3463:and
3455:and
3445:Palu
3431:and
3413:Urfa
3259:and
3237:1514
3203:Fars
3089:shah
3056:and
3009:The
2994:5th
2919:The
2912:The
2901:The
2894:The
2887:The
2876:The
2869:and
2861:The
2642:Kurd
2597:Kurd
2582:Kurd
2512:Guti
2359:hell
2357:and
2270:and
2254:and
2242:and
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2177:and
2166:and
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2115:and
2078:and
2064:viz.
2056:Iran
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2015:Laki
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1930:and
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