93:
108:
857:, who did not want to leave a territory such as Aquitaine governed by a child of fifteen. When Louis VI died, and Eleanor's new husband became King Louis VII, the Duchy of Aquitaine officially came under the rule of the French Crown, and for fifteen years, Louis VII had territory that rivaled that of the English crown and the Counts of Toulouse. The marriage was later annulled on the grounds of consanguinity by a bishop on 21 March 1152, and she kept her lands and title as Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right. On 18 May 1152, she married
366:
816:
79:
1047:
1406:
537:
917:
380:
677:, which was codified in 642 and 643 and expanded in the Code of Recceswinth in 653, women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, and women could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20. As a consequence, male-preference
768:
Rainulf, although it was also claimed by the counts of
Toulouse. The new duchy of Aquitaine, including the three districts already mentioned, remained in the hands of Ramulf's successors, despite disagreement with their Frankish overlords, until 893 when Count Rainulf II was poisoned by order of King Charles III, or
899:
Aquitaine as it came to the
English kings stretched from the Loire to the Pyrenees, but its range was limited to the southeast by the extensive lands of the counts of Toulouse. The name Guienne, a corruption of Aquitaine, seems to have come into use about the 10th century, and the subsequent history
700:
After the
Carolingian conquest, the duchy ceased to exist as such, whose powers were taken over by the counts (dukes) of Toulouse, main seat of the Carolingian government in the Midi, represented by Chorso and, after being deposed, by Charlemagne's trustee William (of Gellone), a close relative of
649:
in 759, Pepin turned now his attention to
Aquitaine, initiating a cyclical military campaign that lasted for eight years, i.e. the War of Aquitaine. Waifer strenuously carried on an unequal struggle with the Carolingian Franks, but his assassination in 768 marked the demise of Aquitaine's relative
767:
By a treaty made in 845 between
Charles the Bald and Pepin II, the kingdom had been diminished by the loss of Poitou, Saintonge and Angoumois in the northwest of the region, which had been given to Rainulf I, count of Poitiers. The title of Duke of Aquitaine, already revived, was now borne by
1037:
of 1475. With the end of the
Hundred Years' War, Aquitaine returned under direct rule of the king of France and remained in the possession of the king. Only occasionally was the title of "duke of Aquitaine" granted to another member of the dynasty, and then as a purely nominal distinction.
970:, in which Edward renounced his claim to the French crown but remained sovereign Lord of Aquitaine (rather than merely duke). However, when the treaty was broken in 1369, both these English claims and the war resumed. In 1362, Edward III, as Lord of Aquitaine, made his eldest son
621:
However, Charles Martel coveted the southern realm, crossed the Loire in 731 and looted much of
Aquitaine. Odo engaged the Franks in battle, but lost and came out weakened. Soon after this battle, in 732, the Moors raided Vasconia and Aquitaine as far north as
591:. This subkingdom, consisting of Gascony and the southern fringe of Aquitaine proper, is conventionally known as "Aquitaine" and forms the historical basis for the later duchy. Charibert campaigned successfully against the
986:, managed to successfully usurp the crown from Richard II, therefore 'inheriting' the title Lord of Aquitaine from his father, which was passed down to his descendants as they became Kings. His son,
107:
760:. In 852, Pepin II was imprisoned by Charles the Bald, who soon afterwards pronounced his own son Charles as the ruler of Aquitaine. On the death of the younger Charles in 866, his brother
650:
independence. During these years
Aquitaine underwent intensive destruction of urban, economic, military and intellectual centres. Pepin's forces destroyed up to 36 monasteries.
602:. The first duke is on record under the name of Felix, and as having ruled from about 660. As his successor, Lupus held loose ties with the Frankish kings, ruling autonomously (
807:
but did not stretch south of the
Garonne, a district which was in the possession of the Gascons. William died in 1030. Odo or Eudes (d. 1039) joined Gascony to Aquitaine.
341:
327:
313:
595:, but after his death in 632, they revolted again, in 635 subdued by an army sent by Dagobert (who was at the same time forced to deal with a rebellion in Brittany).
748:. Confusion and conflict resulted, eventually falling in favor of Charles; although from 845 to 852 Pepin II was in possession of the kingdom, at Eastertide 848 in
598:
The duchy of
Aquitaine as a quasi-independent realm within the Frankish empire established itself during the second half of the 7th century, certainly by 700 under
1477:
990:, ruled over Aquitaine as King of England and Lord of Aquitaine from 1413 to 1422. He invaded France and emerged victorious at the siege of Harfleur and the
456:. Although the full extent of the duchy, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries and at times comprised much of what is now southwestern (
1029:
of 1453. England and France nominally remained at war for another 20 years, but England was in no position to continue its campaign, due to its escalating
827:
had become the dominant power in southwestern France by the end of the 11th century. By marriage rather than conquest, their possessions passed into the "
645:. Eventually Hunald retired to a monastery, leaving both the kingdom and the continuing conflict to Waifer, or Guaifer. Following the full occupation of
744:(d. 865) as their king. The emperor Louis I, however, opposed this arrangement and gave the kingdom to his youngest son Charles, afterwards the emperor
884:
and absorbed into the English crown permanently. The duchy henceforward followed the fortunes of the other English possessions in France, such as
1421:
92:
1426:
1369:, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Chapter 6, p 74.
764:
succeeded to the kingdom, and when, in 877, Louis became king of the Franks, Aquitaine was fully absorbed into the Frankish crown.
982:
as Duke of Aquitaine. That title passed on to John's descendants although they belonged to the crown because John of Gaunt's son,
693:
in 769, after a series of revolts against their suzerainty. In order to avoid a new demonstration of Aquitain particularism,
637:
Charles Martel's authority. In 735 and 736 Martel attacked Hunald and his allies, the counts of key Aquitanian towns such as
1482:
1022:
503:
and the Angevins over control of the latter's territorial possessions in France. By the mid-13th century, only an enlarged
1002:
inherited the French throne at the age of less than a year; his reign saw the gradual loss of English control of France.
673:
which had combined to allow women more rights than their contemporaries in other parts of Europe. Particularly with the
1338:
1081:
17:
795:, called the Great, was able to strengthen and extend his authority considerably, although he yielded the proffered
567:. During the 6th and early 7th century, it was under direct rule of Frankish kings, divided between the realms of
853:, heir to the French throne, three months after her father's death due to the quick thinking of Louis's father,
841:(d. 1127), who succeeded to the dukedom in 1087, gained fame as a crusader and a troubadour. His granddaughter,
1487:
838:
781:
880:. When Richard died in 1199, it reverted to Eleanor, and on her death in 1204, it was inherited by her son
846:
792:
773:
730:
496:
215:
630:. Odo saw no option but to invoke the aid of Charles Martel and pledge allegiance to the Frankish prince.
757:
519:
gain full control over Aquitaine in the 1450s, with much of its territory directly incorporated into the
491:
in 843 and soon reappeared as a duchy under it. In 1153, an enlarged Aquitaine pledged loyalty to the
203:
1333:. Paris: Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, Éditions Touzot. p. 312.
870:
615:
492:
1009:
kings of France, claiming supremacy over Aquitaine, granted the title of duke to their heirs, the
946:
reclaimed the fief of Aquitaine (essentially corresponding to Gascony) from Eleanor's descendant,
633:
Odo was succeeded by his son Hunald, who reverted to former independence, so defying the Frankish
971:
1097:
796:
583:, Aquitaine was again an integral part of Francia, but after Chlothar's death in 629, his heir
1172:
78:
1186:
1018:
975:
955:
947:
893:
881:
741:
512:
191:
162:
1177:
967:
1298:
877:
873:, in 1153 and became King of England as Henry II, Aquitaine merged with the English crown.
842:
752:, the magnates and prelates of Aquitaine formally elected Charles as their king. Later, at
737:
725:
as well. In 806, Charlemagne planned to divide his empire between his sons. Louis received
227:
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Kingdom of Aquitaine subordinated to the Carolingian king or (later) emperor based in
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1334:
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1152:
1136:
1112:
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The county of Aquitaine as it stood in the High Middle Ages, then, was bordering the
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When Louis succeeded Charlemagne as emperor in 814, he granted Aquitaine to his son
475:. As a duchy, it broke up after the conquest of the independent Aquitanian duchy of
1224:
1162:
1120:
1089:
1069:
995:
950:. Edward in turn claimed the entire Kingdom of France as the only grandson of King
804:
745:
548:
500:
470:
423:
411:
359:
133:(602 – late 7th century), independent duchy (intermittently late 7th century – 769)
45:
1378:
Against this background of conflicted loyalties must be seen the career of Wenilo.
1452:
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141:
869:, and a claimant to the English throne. When he defeated his mother's cousin,
1471:
1417:
1412:
979:
845:, succeeded to the duchy at the age of 15 as the eldest daughter and heir of
678:
599:
568:
1430:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–253.
1330:
L'Aquitaine, des Wisigoths aux Arabes, 418-781 : naissance d'une région
1348:
959:
876:
Having suppressed a revolt in his new possession, Henry gave it to his son
588:
536:
484:
994:
in 1415. He succeeded in obtaining the French crown for his family by the
815:
1148:
694:
580:
253:
145:
1328:
787:
A succession of dukes followed, one of whom, William IV, fought against
1441:
1279:
824:
788:
714:
713:(Austrasia, Neustria). It included not only Aquitaine proper, but also
689:
The autonomous and troublesome duchy of Aquitaine was conquered by the
653:
As a successor state to the Roman province of Gallia Aquitania and the
646:
584:
552:
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1063:
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658:
916:
1268:
1255:
1245:(quasi-independent from 778, reverted to the royal domain in 1271)
1212:
1104:
803:
for it. William's duchy almost reached the limits of the old Roman
740:, after whose death in 838 the nobility of Aquitaine chose his son
726:
627:
623:
560:
1411:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1206:
1084:. Most of the rest of the post-1271 duchy now forms the region of
587:
granted a subkingdom in southern Aquitaine to his younger brother
448:
located in the western, central and southern areas of present-day
1235:
1227:, personal union with Aquitaine from the 7th to the 9th century (
1059:
1055:
966:
claimed supremacy over Aquitaine. In 1360, both sides signed the
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1393:
The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England
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1132:
849:(d. 1137), as his son did not live past childhood. She married
690:
556:
449:
398:
1193:
1068:
Over the course of its existence, the duchy incorporated the
611:
606:). Odo succeeded Lupus in 700 and signed a peace treaty with
453:
1454:
Le Royaume D'Aquitaine Et Ses Marches Sous Les Carlovingiens
112:
Map of France in 1154. The pink area in lower France under
1274:
1088:, though parts fall into the three neighbouring regions of
445:
463:
The territory originated in the 7th century as a duchy of
1033:. The Hundred Years' War was formally concluded with the
37:
1367:
A History of Women: Book II. Silences of the Middle Ages
978:, son of Edward the Black Prince, appointed his uncle
467:, ultimately a recreation of the Roman provinces of
684:
681:was the practiced succession law for the nobility.
1025:(1401–1415). French victory was complete with the
705:, then three years of age, king of Aquitaine. The
697:decided to organize the land within his kingdom.
555:rule in the 5th century. It was conquered by the
1469:
1448:, Vol. 51, No. 3. (July 1976), pp. 381–410.
1442:The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751.
265:• Duke appointed by the Merovingian kings
1355:
479:, going on to become a sub-kingdom within the
1478:States and territories disestablished in 1453
1041:
721:(Gascony) and the Carolingian possessions in
51:
1381:
998:in 1420. Henry V died in 1422, and his son
468:
1135:to the east. To the north, it bordered on
780:, who was succeeded in 918 by his nephew,
106:
819:England and France in 1259 and after 1271
1416:
1045:
915:
814:
776:, count of Auvergne, the founder of the
535:
1363:Women in the Fifth to the Tenth Century
791:, king of France, and another of whom,
772:. Charles then bestowed the duchy upon
14:
1470:
1326:
1387:
974:, Prince of Aquitaine. In 1390, King
911:
439:
422:
1311:
701:his. In 781, he made his third son
669:) inherited the Visigothic Law and
98:Angevin coat of arms (12th century)
24:
900:of Aquitaine is merged in that of
25:
1499:
1365:. In: Klapisch-Zuber, Christine;
1151:, all of which had passed to the
810:
756:, he was anointed and crowned by
27:Medieval duchy in southern France
1461:Occitanie, l'épopée des origines
1404:
685:Carolingian kingdom of Aquitaine
531:
378:
364:
339:
325:
311:
91:
77:
1434:
511:remained in Angevin hands. The
1372:
1320:
920:Hundred Years' War evolution.
13:
1:
1304:
839:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
733:as additions to his kingdom.
896:between England and France.
892:, ultimately leading to the
626:and defeated Odo twice near
7:
1483:Former monarchies of Europe
1317:Lewis, pp 400–401 and n127.
1287:
563:in 507, as a result of the
471:Aquitania Prima and Secunda
10:
1504:
1053:
1042:Geography and subdivisions
758:Wenilo, archbishop of Sens
526:
483:. It was then absorbed by
1076:, which now falls in the
614:a crushing defeat at the
424:[dyˈkaddakiˈtaɲɔ]
394:
290:
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204:William VIII of Aquitaine
197:
185:
181:
171:
161:
151:
137:
125:
105:
73:
68:
32:
1013:, during 1345 and 1415:
493:Angevin kings of England
1427:Encyclopædia Britannica
1395:. Penguin Random House.
1361:Wemple, Suzanne Fonay;
1327:Rouche, Michel (1979).
1231:) and again from 1053.
972:Edward the Black Prince
859:Henry, Duke of Normandy
1451:Emile Mabille, (1870)
1051:
939:
925: French territory
820:
610:. He inflicted on the
545:
469:
460:) and central France.
432:
415:
216:William X of Aquitaine
52:
38:
1440:Lewis, Archibald R. "
1218:Viscounty of Limousin
1155:by the 13th century.
1072:and, until 1271, the
1054:Further information:
1050:Map of France in 1030
1049:
954:. This triggered the
948:Edward III of England
919:
818:
742:Pepin II of Aquitaine
539:
452:, south of the river
441:[dyʃedakitɛn]
192:Ranulf I of Aquitaine
138:Common languages
1488:History of Aquitaine
1459:Jean Penant, (2009)
1299:History of Aquitaine
1098:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
958:, in which both the
843:Eleanor of Aquitaine
540:Aquitaine after the
499:emerged between the
228:Eleanor of Aquitaine
114:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1280:Marquisat of Gothia
1201:County of Saintonge
1173:County of Angoulême
1168:County of La Marche
1129:kingdom of Burgundy
1094:Centre-Val de Loire
1035:Treaty of Picquigny
1027:Battle of Castillon
992:Battle of Agincourt
952:Philip IV of France
944:Philip VI of France
784:, who died in 926.
762:Louis the Stammerer
635:Mayor of the Palace
521:French royal domain
489:partition of Verdun
444:) was a historical
240:Henry VI of England
118:Henry II of England
1243:County of Toulouse
1229:Felix of Aquitaine
1183:County of Auvergne
1178:County of Périgord
1125:county of Toulouse
1086:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
1074:County of Toulouse
1052:
1031:internal conflicts
1021:(1392?–1401), and
988:Henry V of England
968:Treaty of Brétigny
956:Hundred Years' War
940:
912:Hundred Years' War
894:Hundred Years' War
867:Henry I of England
855:Louis VI of France
821:
799:rather than fight
770:Charles the Simple
655:Visigothic Kingdom
616:Battle of Toulouse
546:
542:Battle of Poitiers
513:Hundred Years' War
481:Carolingian Empire
408:Duchy of Aquitaine
319:Visigothic Kingdom
275:• Annexed by
34:Duchy of Aquitaine
1294:Duke of Aquitaine
1159:Aquitaine proper
1153:kingdom of France
774:William the Pious
577:Treaty of Andelot
565:Battle of Vouillé
517:kingdom of France
495:. As a result, a
433:Duché d'Aquitaine
416:Ducat d'Aquitània
404:
403:
390:
389:
386:
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374:Kingdom of France
352:
351:
333:Umayyad Caliphate
277:Kingdom of France
235:• 1422–1453
223:• 1137–1204
211:• 1126–1137
199:• 1058–1086
173:Duke of Aquitaine
53:Duché d'Aquitaine
39:Ducat d'Aquitània
18:King of Aquitaine
16:(Redirected from
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1163:County of Poitou
1121:Marcha Hispanica
1090:Pays de la Loire
1070:Duchy of Gascony
996:Treaty of Troyes
937: Burgundian
936:
930:
924:
805:Gallia Aquitania
782:Count William II
746:Charles the Bald
675:Liber Judiciorum
661:(Aquitaine) and
549:Gallia Aquitania
515:finally saw the
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865:, daughter of
829:Angevin Empire
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811:Angevin Empire
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301:Succeeded by
300:
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156:Christianity
1149:Bourbonnais
1019:Charles VII
1017:(1345–50),
707:Carolingian
695:Charlemagne
657:(418–721),
581:Chlothar II
551:fell under
296:Preceded by
254:Middle Ages
146:Old Occitan
1472:Categories
1389:Jones, Dan
1305:References
1267:County of
1254:County of
1248:County of
1234:County of
1192:County of
1123:) and the
976:Richard II
825:Ramnulfids
789:Hugh Capet
647:Septimania
585:Dagobert I
553:Visigothic
487:after the
163:Government
1422:Aquitaine
1189:in 1271)
1117:Barcelona
1082:Occitanie
1064:Aquitaine
847:William X
835:by 1153.
801:Conrad II
793:William V
671:Roman Law
663:Languedoc
659:Aquitania
544:(734–743)
152:Religion
1446:Speculum
1391:(2012).
1288:See also
1269:Gevaudan
1256:Rouergue
1213:Issoudun
1137:Bretagne
1127:and the
1105:Pyrenees
1011:Dauphins
1000:Henry VI
984:Henry IV
962:and the
886:Normandy
731:Burgundy
727:Provence
719:Vasconia
667:Toulouse
628:Bordeaux
624:Poitiers
618:in 721.
604:princeps
561:Clovis I
523:itself.
129:Fief of
69:602–1453
1415::
1349:7007853
1236:Agenais
1109:Navarre
1060:Gascony
1056:Guyenne
1015:John II
906:Guienne
902:Gascony
878:Richard
754:Orléans
750:Limoges
738:Pepin I
711:Francia
643:Limoges
639:Bourges
593:Basques
575:in the
573:Guntram
527:History
509:Gascony
505:Guyenne
497:rivalry
477:Waiofar
465:Francia
458:Gascony
446:fiefdom
412:Occitan
347:Francia
131:Francia
46:Occitan
1409:
1347:
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1250:Quercy
1133:Arelat
1113:Aragon
1078:region
1062:, and
1007:Valois
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715:Gothia
691:Franks
559:under
557:Franks
450:France
429:French
399:France
177:
126:Status
60:French
56:
42:
1207:Déols
1194:Velay
1145:Blois
1141:Anjou
1023:Louis
890:Anjou
851:Louis
723:Spain
703:Louis
612:Moors
507:and
454:Loire
1345:OCLC
1335:ISBN
1275:Albi
1147:and
1115:and
1096:and
1005:The
904:and
888:and
882:John
823:The
729:and
641:and
571:and
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420:IPA:
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282:1453
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