Henry VI of England

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sheep. Henry placed his hand between the rope and the man's windpipe, thus keeping him alive, after which he was revived in the cart as it was taking him away for burial. He was also capable of inflicting harm, such as when he struck John Robyns blind after Robyns cursed "Saint Henry". Robyns was healed only after he went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of King Henry. A particular devotional act that was closely associated with the cult of Henry VI was the bending of a silver coin as an offering to the "saint" so that he might perform a miracle. One story had a woman, Katherine Bailey, who was blind in one eye. As she was kneeling at mass, a stranger told her to bend a coin to King Henry. She promised to do so, and as the priest was raising the communion host, her partial blindness was cured.

1438: 1497: 1464:. Shortly thereafter, Henry experienced a mental breakdown. He became completely unresponsive to everything that was going on around him for more than a year. At the age of 31, he "fell by a sudden and accidental fright into such a weak state of health that for a whole year and a half he had neither sense nor reason capable of carrying on the government and neither physician nor medicine could cure that infirmity..." and he was, "...smitten with a frenzy and his wit and reason withdrawn." Henry even failed to respond to the birth of his son Edward six months into the illness. 133: 7775: 9189: 9133: 1888: 9024: 1993: 1871: 1747: 1137: 1457:. The court party, meanwhile, raised their own similar-sized force in London. A stand-off took place south of London, with the Duke of York presenting a list of grievances and demands to the court circle, including the arrest of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. The king initially agreed, but Margaret intervened to prevent the arrest of Beaufort. By 1453, Somerset's influence had been restored, and York was again isolated. The court party was also strengthened by the announcement that the queen was pregnant. 9394: 9163: 9153: 9143: 1344: 5203: 5182: 4889: 4827: 4176: 4144: 4125: 3874: 2276: 9712: 1684: 958: 1925:-style church with a monastic or educational foundation attached. Each year on the anniversary of Henry VI's death, the Provosts of Eton and King's lay white lilies and roses, the respective floral emblems of those colleges, on the spot in the Wakefield Tower at the Tower of London where the imprisoned Henry VI was, according to tradition, murdered as he knelt at prayer. There is a similar ceremony at his resting place, St George's Chapel. 487: 25: 1410:. The flight proved to have been tactical: Cade successfully ambushed the force in the Battle of Solefields (near Sevenoaks) and returned to occupy London. In the end, the rebellion achieved nothing, and London was retaken after a few days of disorder; but this was principally because of the efforts of its own residents rather than those of the army. At any rate, the rebellion showed that feelings of discontent were running high. 1482:, one of the most influential magnates and possibly richer than York himself. York was named regent as Protector of The Realm in 1454. The queen was excluded completely, and Edmund Beaufort was detained in the Tower of London, while many of York's supporters spread rumours that Edward was not the king's son, but Beaufort's. Other than that, York's months as regent were spent tackling the problem of government overspending. 9200: 9173: 1235: 1295: 2024:, it was very popular during Elizabethan times. Rather than being representative of the historical events or the actual life and temperament of Henry VI himself, the Shakespearean plays are more representative of the pivotal political situation in England at that time: international war in the form of the Hundred Years' War, and civil strife in the form of the War of the Roses. 1340:, a title at that time still normally reserved for immediate relatives of the monarch. The new duke of Somerset was sent to France to assume the command of the English forces; this prestigious position was previously held by the duke of York himself, who was dismayed at his term not being renewed and at seeing his enemy take control of it. 1763:

leader in Henry's son, Edward. However, once the last of the most prominent Lancastrian supporters had been either killed or exiled, it became clear that Henry VI would be a burden on Edward IV's reign. The common fear was the possibility of another noble using the mentally unstable king to further their own agenda.

1108:, 1 November 1437, shortly before his 16th birthday, that he obtained some measure of independent authority. This was confirmed on 13 November 1437, but his growing willingness to involve himself in administration had already become apparent in 1434, when the place named on writs temporarily changed from 1359:, who was the most unpopular of all the king's entourage and widely seen as a traitor. He was impeached by Parliament to a background that has been called "the baying for Suffolk's blood a London mob", to the extent that Suffolk admitted his alarm to Henry. Ultimately, Henry was forced to send him into 1948:

as dynastic propaganda. A volume was compiled of the miracles attributed to him at St George's Chapel, Windsor, where Richard III had reinterred him, and Henry VII began building a chapel at Westminster Abbey to house Henry VI's relics. A number of Henry VI's miracles possessed a political dimension,

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Henry's mental health began to deteriorate in the late 1440s. He exhibited possible signs of paranoia (the arrest of Duke Humphrey in 1447) and grandiosity (the scale of his plans of expansion for Eton Chapel in 1449 and King's College in 1446). By 1449, Henry had many critics questioning his ability

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In 1447, the king and queen summoned the Duke of Gloucester to appear before parliament on the charge of treason. Queen Margaret had no tolerance for any sign of disloyalty toward her husband and kingdom, thus any suspicion of this was immediately brought to her attention. This move was instigated by

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and expressing his wish to be anyone other than a king. Shakespeare's Henry is weak-willed and easily influenced allowing his policies to be led by Margaret and her allies, and being unable to defend himself against York's claim to the throne. He takes an act of his own volition only just before his

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again and, when the royal party arrived in London, he was reported dead. Official chronicles and documents state that the deposed king died on the night of 21 May 1471. In all likelihood, his opponents had kept him alive up to that point, rather than leave the Lancastrians with a far more formidable

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Numerous miracles were credited to the dead king, including his raising the plague victim Alice Newnett from the dead and appearing to her as she was being stitched in her shroud. He also intervened in the attempted hanging of a man who had been unjustly condemned to death, accused of stealing some

1611:, the home of Sir Richard Tempest, he was betrayed by "a black monk of Addington" and on 13 July 1464, a party of Yorkist men, including Sir Richard's brother John, entered the house for his arrest. Henry fled into nearby woods but was soon captured at Brungerley Hippings (stepping stones) over the 1579:

Mainly under her leadership, Lancastrian resistance continued in the north of England during the first period of Edward IV's reign but met with little luck on the field. At the same time as Henry's cause was beginning to look increasingly desperate in military terms, an English embassy to Scotland,

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Henry, who was by nature shy, pious, and averse to deceit and bloodshed, immediately allowed his court to be dominated by a few noble favourites who clashed on the matter of the French war when he assumed the reins of government in 1437. After the death of King Henry V, England had lost momentum in

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from increasing French threats in the region, especially in the face of defections to the enemy by local English vassals, and might have helped to wean some other French nobles to the English party. The proposal was seriously entertained between 1441 and 1443, but a massive French campaign in 1442

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came under accusations – particularly from Henry VI's increasingly popular cousin, the Duke of York – of misconduct of the war in France and misrule of England. Tensions mounted between Margaret and York over control of the incapacitated King's government, which developed into a major dispute over

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As the English military situation in France deteriorated, talks emerged in England about arranging a marriage for the king to strengthen England's foreign connections and facilitate a peace between the warring parties. In 1434, the English council suggested that peace with the Scots could best be

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on 23 April 1445, one month after Margaret's 15th birthday. She had arrived with an established household, composed primarily not of Angevins, but of members of Henry's royal servants; this increase in the size of the royal household, and a concomitant increase on the birth of their son,

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The manner of the prince's death is one of historical speculation. See: Desmond Seward. "The Wars of the Roses", and Charles Ross, "Wars of the Roses". Both retell the traditional story that the prince sought sanctuary in Tewkesbury Abbey and was dragged out and butchered in the

1703:, was determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and her son, Edward of Westminster. By herself, there was little she could do. However, eventually, Edward IV fell out with two of his main supporters: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, and his own younger brother 756:. However, subsequent military, diplomatic and economic problems damaged the English cause by the time Henry was declared mature enough to rule in 1437. The young king faced military setbacks in France, and political and financial crises in England, where divisions among the 1576:, 29 March 1461, by the Duke of York's son, Edward. Henry and Margaret together evaded capture by Edward and this time they both escaped into exile in Scotland. With Scottish aid, Margaret now travelled to the continent to elicit further support for her husband's cause. 1471:, his maternal grandfather, who was affected by intermittent periods of mental illness during the last thirty years of his life. At least one study identifies this illness as schizophrenia. During his bout of illness, Henry VI was attended by the surgeons 1213:

revolt of 1440. Though the English failed to take advantage of the Praguerie itself, the prospect of gaining the allegiance of one of Charles VII's more rebellious nobles was attractive from a military perspective. In about 1441, the recently ransomed

1831:. When the body was exhumed in 1910, it was found to be 5 feet 9 inches (175 cm) tall. His light brown hair was found to be covered in blood, with damage to the skull, strongly suggesting that the king had indeed died by violence. 1258:, the niece of King Charles VII. Henry agreed, especially when he heard reports of Margaret's stunning beauty, and sent Suffolk to negotiate with Charles, who consented to the marriage on condition that he would not have to provide the customary 1515:, first to the control of government, and then to the throne itself (from 1460), pointing to York's better descent from Edward III. It was agreed that York would become Henry's successor, despite York being older. In 1457, Henry created the 9706:

Briefly joined the Lancastrians. Briefly joined the Yorkists. Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim.

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Prince Edward died, there was little benefit to killing Henry. According to rumours at the time, which persisted for many years, Henry VI was killed by a blow to the back of the head, whilst at prayer in the late hours of 21 May

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William Shakespeare and possibly others completed the Henry VI trilogy around 1593, roughly 121 years after the real monarch's death. The period of history covered in the plays was between the funeral of Henry V (1422) to the

1332:(thus having, according to some, a better claim to the throne than Henry VI himself), probably had the best chances to succeed to the throne after Gloucester. However, he was excluded from the court circle and sent to govern 5788:, was Richard of York, or his rival Edmund Beaufort (the Earl of Somerset) in case the Beaufort line was declared eligible to succeed (Henry IV had barred them from succession due to their initial illegitimacy). Through 899:; Henry was imprisoned once again. Having "lost his wits, his two kingdoms and his only son", Henry died in the Tower during the night of 21 May 1471, possibly killed on the orders of King Edward. He was buried at 1286:. However, Margaret was determined that he should see it through. As the treaty became public knowledge in 1446, public anger focused on the Earl of Suffolk, but Henry and Margaret were determined to protect him. 1816:, but that is not supported by evidence, and is unlikely, since the tower was used for record storage at the time. Henry's actual place of death is unknown, though he was imprisoned within the Tower of London. 763:

In contrast to his father, Henry VI is described as timid, shy, passive, benevolent and averse to warfare and violence; after 1453, he became mentally unstable. His ineffective reign saw the near total loss of

1569:, under whose custody her husband was being held. She defeated Warwick and liberated the king. Henry's mental state at the time was such that he had reputedly laughed and sung as the battle raged around him. 1595:, 15 May 1464, Henry, as a fugitive in his own land, continued to be afforded safety in various Lancastrian houses across the north of England. Sir John Pennington provided refuge to Henry VI of England in 1120:(where the King resided). He finally assumed full royal powers when he came of age at the end of the year 1437, when he turned sixteen years old. Henry's assumption of full royal powers occurred during the 1984:

Although Henry VI's shrine was enormously popular as a pilgrimage destination during the early decades of the 16th century, over time, with the lessened need to legitimise Tudor rule, his cult faded.

1538:, 10 July 1460, where the king was captured and taken into captivity under the Yorkists. Queen Margaret, who also had been on the field, managed to escape with her son, the prince, fleeing through 1719:" is still sometimes used for this event. However, by this time, years in hiding followed by years in captivity had taken their toll on Henry. Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name. 980:

at the age of eight months on 1 September 1422, the day after his father's death; he remains the youngest person ever to succeed to the English throne. On 21 October 1422, in accordance with the

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Henry had wavered in yielding Maine to Charles, knowing that the move was unpopular and would be opposed by the Dukes of Gloucester and York, and also because Maine was vital to the defence of

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whose family was descended from Henry's Lancastrian family. Instead, Henry is portrayed as a pious and peaceful man ill-suited to the crown. He spends most of his time in contemplation of the

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was the only English-governed territory on the continent. Henry's domestic popularity declined in the 1440s, partly due to the revelation that a large, strategically important territory (the

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responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward returned to England in early 1471 and was reconciled with Clarence. Warwick was killed at the

1039:), had an important place on the Council. After the Duke of Bedford died in 1435, the Duke of Gloucester claimed the Regency himself but was contested by the other members of the Council. 1386:. By 1450, the French had retaken the whole province, so hard won by Henry V. Returning troops, who had often not been paid, added to the lawlessness in the southern counties of England. 1588:

now actively sued for peace with England and the exiled king passed back across the border to try his fortune with those nobles in the north of England and Wales who were still loyal.

1406:). Henry came to London with an army to crush the rebellion, but on finding that Cade had fled kept most of his troops behind while a small force followed the rebels and met them at 1351:

In the later years of Henry's reign, the monarchy became increasingly unpopular, due to a breakdown in law and order, corruption, the distribution of royal land to the king's court

2047:, which include the bulk of Henry VI's cultural appearances in modern times. In screen adaptations of these plays Henry has been portrayed by: James Berry in the 1911 silent short 8036: 5753: 2027:

Shakespeare's portrayal of Henry is notable in that it does not mention the King's madness. This is considered to have been a politically advisable move to not risk offending

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in 1444, but the cession of Maine was kept secret from Parliament, as it was known that this would be hugely unpopular with the English populace. The marriage took place at

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With the King's only remaining uncle dead, there were many, though no obvious, candidates to succeed Henry VI to the throne if he died childless. Henry VI's grandfather

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into reluctance. The deal fell through due to problems in commissioning portraits of the Count's daughters and the Count's imprisonment by Charles VII's men in 1443.

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Around Christmas Day 1454, King Henry regained his senses. Disaffected nobles who had grown in power during Henry's reign, most importantly the Earls of Warwick and

1355:, the troubled state of the crown's finances, and the steady loss of territories in France. In 1447, this unpopularity took the form of a Commons campaign against 2242: 1209:

Better prospects for England arose amid a growing effort by French lords to resist the growing power of the French monarchy, a conflict which culminated in the

1165:'s military victories in the year 1429. The young King came to favour a policy of peace in France and thus favoured the faction around Cardinal Beaufort and 8029: 7610: 5973: 1618:

The following poem has long been attributed to Henry, allegedly having been written during his imprisonment. However, a largely identical verse appears in

1058:. Somerset's duties were to "tutor the young king as well as preserv his health". Somerset remained within the royal household until early 1451 after the 996:, was viewed with considerable suspicion by English nobles as Charles VI's daughter. She was prevented from playing a full role in her son's upbringing. 1715:

to Henry and Margaret's son, Warwick returned to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 3 October 1470; the term "

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on 16 December 1431, aged 10. He was the only English king to be crowned king in both England and France. It was shortly after his crowning ceremony at

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on behalf of Edward, served to further weaken his interests at the Scottish Court in political terms. After the queen mother's death in November 1463,

10466: 9417: 5809: 10431: 8022: 1218:, in an attempt to force Charles VII to make peace with the English, suggested a marriage between Henry VI and Isabella of Armagnac, daughter of 1202:

refused even to contemplate the suggestion unless Henry renounced his claim to the French throne. Another proposal in 1438 to a daughter of King

671: 1222:, a powerful noble in southwestern France who was at odds with the Valois crown. An alliance with Armagnac would have helped to protect English 699: 10451: 9748: 5800:, but his status as a foreign monarch made him very unlikely to become king. An alternative line of succession would be the descendants of 3481: 1863:. On the other hand, many historians see Henry as a pious, generous king, who was victim of an unstable crown, caused by the deposition of 7460: 10486: 9068: 8806: 3822: 2235: 776:

failed and war recommenced, with France rapidly recovering much of the territory held by the English, including their ancestral lands in

7698: 4803: 2040: 1776:, but it is widely suspected, however, that Edward IV, who was re-crowned the morning following Henry's death, had ordered his murder. 1453:, claim his rightful place on the council, and put an end to bad government. His cause was a popular one and he soon raised an army at 792:) had been secretly returned to the French. Political unrest in England grew rapidly as a result; the lynching of Henry's key adviser, 664: 10476: 10436: 9313: 5801: 1809:, gives the date of Henry's death as 23 May 1471, on which date Richard, then only eighteen, is known to have been away from London. 528: 10456: 879:. Despite Margaret continuing to lead a resistance to Edward, Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the 89: 10406: 9772: 9298: 9293: 5398: 4188: 4156: 3829: 2663: 2036:

death when he curses Richard of Gloucester just before he is murdered.( Shakespeare, William: Henry VI, Part III Act 5, scene 6)

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Gloucester's enemies, the earl of Suffolk, whom Margaret held in great esteem, and the ageing Cardinal Beaufort and his nephew,

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Historical Fiction Guide: Annotated Chronological, Geographical, and Topical List of Five Thousand Selected Historical Novels.

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following the battle. Legend has it that Henry VI left behind a Venetian glass bowl as a token of gratitude, known as the "

729: 68: 42: 768:. In 1445 – partially in the hope of achieving peace – Henry married Charles VII's niece, the ambitious and strong-willed 9527: 9432: 9348: 9338: 5821: 5456: 5194: 4213: 3854: 3727: 2897: 2654: 2598: 1891: 1317:, where he died, probably of a heart attack (although contemporary rumours spoke of poisoning) before he could be tried. 1166: 948: 808:

encouraged the rise of further disorder in the country: regional magnates maintained increasing numbers of private armed

765: 737: 543: 269: 10306: 7062: 7006: 5824:), if the Beaufort family was admitted into the succession line. She would later marry Henry VI's maternal half-brother 9358: 9263: 5825: 4779: 4137: 2097: 1437: 1070: 592: 137: 7707:

McKenna, J. W. (1965). "Henry VI of England and the Dual Monarchy: Aspects of Royal Political Propaganda, 1422–1432".

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Bark, Nigel (October 2002). "Did schizophrenia change the course of English history? The mental illness of Henry VI".

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Kay, Carol McGinnis (1 April 1972). "Traps, Slaughter, and Chaos: : A Study of Shakespeare's 'Henry VI' Plays".

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Rawcliffe, Carole (1988). "The Profits of Practice: The Wealth and Status of Medical Men in Later Medieval England".

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Though modern scholars are more interested in the context that the Henry VI trilogy paved for the more popular play

1382:(although he had previously been one of the main advocates for peace), but by the autumn he had been pushed back to 10471: 10421: 9741: 9427: 9407: 9248: 8922: 7656: 5805: 2858: 1516: 857: 282: 1572:

The victory however was short-lived. Within six weeks, the king and queen's forces were once more defeated at the

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and Defender of the Realm. His duties were limited to keeping the peace and summoning Parliament. Henry V's uncle

744:. He is the only English monarch to have been crowned King of France, with his coronation in 1431 taking place in 10339: 9693: 9253: 9061: 8799: 3886: 2908: 2283: 562: 843:

developed a fierce political rivalry and jostled for power in Henry's government. Queen Margaret did not remain

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Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick soon overreached himself by declaring war on

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Re-entering England at the end of the year, the English queen in force engaged with the Duke of York at the

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in 1450, calling himself "John Mortimer", apparently in sympathy with York, and setting up residence at the

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On 28 September 1423, the nobles swore loyalty to Henry VI, who was not yet two years old. They summoned

872: 8410: 5845:, or other members of her family, who showed signs of psychiatric instability, such as Joanna's father, 1496: 1279:, in 1453, led to proportionately greater expense but also to greater patronage opportunities at Court. 1215: 10461: 9715: 9552: 9447: 9288: 9054: 8962: 8954: 8792: 8706: 8384: 8352: 7338:, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), English Shakespeare Company, Portman Productions, 11 May 1989 2126: 1867:. John Blacman, personal chaplain of Henry, described the king as a man without "any crook or uncouth." 1624: 1562: 1219: 1125: 1036: 1019:. During Bedford's absence, the government of England was headed by Henry V's other surviving brother, 7766: 7473: 5876:

Either, that with Prince Edward's death, there was no longer any reason to keep Henry alive, or that,

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and most of his other architectural commissions (such as his completion of his father's foundation of

9617: 9522: 9502: 9303: 8701: 8496: 8441: 8049: 7760: 6826: 5854: 5792:, however, which was the traditional method of English succession, the legitimate successor would be 3846: 3803: 2102: 1906: 928: 7688: 7539: 1909:. He continued a career of architectural patronage started by his father: King's College Chapel and 1800: 789: 10446: 10313: 9678: 9622: 9592: 9120: 9010: 8502: 8491: 8197: 8053: 8045: 7554: 7148:

Boris Karloff : a critical account of his screen, stage, radio, television, and recording work

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However, in August 1453, Henry received the bad news that his army had been routed in the decisive

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family as long as it remained intact. Nonetheless, while he was in hiding at Waddington Hall, in

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in 1484. Miracles were attributed to Henry after his death and he was informally regarded as a

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petitioned for his removal because of his "dangerous and subversive influence over Henry VI".

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persuaded Henry that the best way to pursue peace with France was through a marriage with

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in 1435, the English put forth the idea of a union between Henry and a daughter of King

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In 1449, the Duke of Somerset, leading the campaign in France, reopened hostilities in

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Craig, Leigh Ann (2003). "Royalty, Virtue, and Adversity: The Cult of King Henry VI".

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Overall, Henry VI is largely seen as a weak, inept king, who did nothing to ease the

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until the 16th century. He left a legacy of educational institutions, having founded

865: 861: 801: 781: 769: 753: 710: 549: 438: 414: 191: 8176: 816:), terrorised their neighbours, paralysed the courts, and dominated the government. 10333: 10286: 10214: 10090: 9956: 9602: 9577: 9562: 9477: 8815: 8633: 8623: 8513: 8486: 8338: 8170: 8090: 8083: 7960: 7916: 7755: 7716: 7615: 7518: 7509: 7097: 7033: 6382: 6100: 6013: 5978: 4958: 4913: 4274: 4267: 4241: 4234: 4205: 4198: 4129: 3905: 3839: 3796: 3488: 2266: 2142: 1887: 1843:. He is widely believed to have favoured diplomacy, rather than all-out war in the 1731: 1727: 1711:

of France they formed a secret alliance with Margaret. After marrying his daughter

1596: 1592: 1573: 1547: 1320:

The Duke of York, being the most powerful duke in the realm and also being both an

1271: 1263: 1199: 1077:. Henry later gave his half-brothers earldoms. Edmund Tudor was the father of King 981: 741: 7627: 6099:. Vol. 5 (new ed.). Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Company. p. 107. 5990: 1007:

to govern until the King should come of age. One of Henry V's surviving brothers,

10110: 9976: 9951: 9935: 9343: 9036: 8628: 8373: 8203: 8155: 8145: 8139: 7983: 7868: 7864: 7837: 7833: 7588: 7487: 7315:(Drama), British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Time-Life Television Productions 6988: 6644: 6563:

Parish of Blackburn, County of Lancaster: A History of Blackburn, Town and Parish

5698: 5207: 5186: 4893: 2210:. Henry VI also features in the short story "The Duchess and the Doll" (1950) by 2071: 1992: 1957:, whose parents refused to bring her to the usurper, Richard III. By the time of 1813: 1759: 1751: 1746: 1581: 1364: 1314: 1267: 1251: 1158: 1136: 1089: 1051: 977: 936: 880: 820: 773: 695: 375: 150: 2186:

Henry VI's marriage to Margaret of Anjou is the subject of the historical novel

1421:'s time, was also lost. In October 1452, an English advance in Aquitaine retook 1343: 1096:

on 6 November 1429, aged 7, followed by his own coronation as King of France at

10021: 9882: 9688: 9683: 9658: 9507: 9194: 8726: 8613: 8570: 8524: 8309: 7894: 7647: 7619: 7483: 5982: 5842: 5780:

in 1399. By this logic, the most senior candidate in the royal family, through

2211: 2203: 2061:, a 1939 historical film loosely dramatising the rise to power of Richard III; 1954: 1820: 1524: 1028: 1024: 985: 969: 924: 904: 900: 785: 702: 557: 389: 355: 259: 7641: 7522: 7088:

Dessen, Alan C. (1993). "Stagecraft and Imagery in Shakespeare's 'Henry VI'".

6798:

The Wars of the Roses: The Fall of the Plantagenets and the Rise of the Tudors

10385: 9981: 9907: 9872: 9837: 9648: 9388: 7702:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 285–286. 7693: 7455: 5789: 5424: 5202: 5181: 4888: 4826: 4175: 4143: 4124: 3873: 2622: 2275: 2162: 2155:

as Richard; James Dalesandro as Henry in the 2007 modern-day film version of

1870: 1512: 1472: 1101: 1055: 512: 6700:

Santiuste, David (2012). "Victory of York: The Battle of Tewkesbury, 1471".

6122:

caused its own crisis of confidence... "motions and stirrings" had been made

1691:" coin of Henry's later reign, struck in either London or York, showing the 1628:, a collection of poems written from the perspective of historical figures. 939:, depicting him as weak-willed and easily influenced by his wife, Margaret. 10359: 9902: 9892: 9887: 9867: 9862: 9807: 9402: 9363: 8751: 8508: 7687: 6394: 6092: 5813: 4928: 4790: 2152: 2062: 2052: 1966: 1898: 1897:

Henry's one lasting achievement was his fostering of education: he founded

1712: 1688: 1612: 1500: 1336:, while his opponents, the earls of Suffolk and Somerset, were promoted to 1325: 1074: 973: 916: 828: 8103: 5776:

had inaugurated a trend of favouring male succession by his deposition of

1977:, where pilgrims would put it on to enlist Henry's aid against migraines. 1554:. Here she set about eliciting support for her husband from that kingdom. 1425:

and was having some success, but by 1453 Bordeaux was lost again, leaving

757: 713:

upon his father's death, at the age of eight months; and succeeded to the

10295: 10275: 9971: 9945: 9897: 9852: 9842: 9827: 9817: 9002: 8994: 8756: 8741: 8326: 7637: 7562: 7540:"Henry VI and the Daughters of Armagnac: A Problem in Medieval Diplomacy" 7173:(Drama, History), British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 20 October 1961 6611: 6261: 6017: 2028: 2002: 1970: 1950: 1788: 1780: 1773: 1523:, and in 1458, he attempted to unite the warring factions by staging the 1511:, took matters into their own hands. They backed the claims of the rival 1399: 1227:

against Gascony disrupted the work of the ambassadors and frightened the

1162: 1117: 1109: 932: 844: 6713: 1530:

Despite such attempts at reconciliation, tensions between the houses of

10249: 10228: 10030: 9940: 9922: 9847: 9832: 9812: 9373: 9199: 9172: 9098: 8978: 8898: 8731: 8721: 8711: 8298: 8160: 7651: 7530: 7124: 7109: 5785: 5777: 3253: 1958: 1914: 1754:, which is treated as Henry VI's place of death for ceremonial purposes 1534:

and York eventually broke out in open war. Their forces engaged at the

1454: 1403: 1395: 1329: 1066: 7728: 7567:

The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400–1580

1855:. This allowed Henry to be heavily influenced by many nobles, such as 1683: 10243: 10233: 10154: 9877: 9857: 9726: 9138: 8970: 8914: 8746: 8716: 8303: 8278: 7857: 7847: 7422:

Murder in Retrospect: A Selective Guide to Historical Mystery Fiction

5837:

Charles VI, in turn, may have inherited a condition from his mother,

5781: 4842: 2084: 1407: 1387: 1352: 1210: 957: 823:, making him unable to rule. Power was duly exercised by quarrelsome 805: 211: 9046: 8784: 8404: 7101: 1969:

proceedings were under way. Hymns to him still exist, and until the

1054:. For the period 1430–1432, Henry was also tutored by the physician 24: 10269: 10238: 10144: 9926: 9802: 9148: 8986: 8874: 8736: 8677: 8283: 8108: 7720: 1708: 1585: 1422: 1379: 1283: 961:

Henry VI upon his accession, shown being placed in the care of the

6587:

The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses and the Rise of the Tudors

5857:, is also reported to have exhibited symptoms of such a condition. 1812:

Modern tradition places his death in Wakefield Tower, part of the

891:

in 1470. Edward retook power in 1471 and killed Henry's only son,

9822: 8654: 8560: 1933: 1734:

on 14 April and the Yorkists won a final decisive victory at the

1450: 1223: 1186:

effected by the wedding of Henry to one of the daughters of King

847:

and took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective

809: 450: 7751: 7553:(4: Medieval and Renaissance Studies). Graduate Division of the 5754:

List of earls in the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV of England

1859:, who oversaw significant English losses in France, such as the 1234: 8446: 8394: 8118: 8113: 2198:(1912) by Rose Schuster focuses on Henry's insanity. The novel 1941: 1824: 1772:, an official chronicle favourable to Edward IV, Henry died of 1700: 1561:, 30 December 1460, where York fell. A few weeks later, at the 1478:

The Duke of York, meanwhile, had gained a very important ally,

1426: 1321: 1294: 1012: 912: 852: 393: 2263:) and Princes of Wales are noted, as are the monarchs' reigns. 1936:

were attributed to Henry, and he was informally regarded as a

1738:

on 4 May, where Henry's son Edward of Westminster was killed.

8366: 2032: 1937: 1539: 1368: 1360: 1302: 1259: 908: 875:

on 4 March 1461 by York's eldest son, who took the throne as

6663:

A Mirror for Magistrates: A Modernized and Annotated Edition

8150: 6450:

The Red Rose and the White: the Wars of the Roses 1453–1487

2169:'s Richard III in the 2016 second season of the BBC series 1615:. He was subsequently held captive in the Tower of London. 1391: 1383: 1337: 1301:, depicting Henry as King of England and France, struck in 1266:

from the English. These conditions were agreed upon in the

1092:

on 17 July 1429, Henry was soon crowned King of England at

860:. Civil war broke out in 1455, leading to a long period of 8044: 7034:"Shakespeare's Tragedy, Historical Context & Analysis" 1177:, who argued for a continuation of the war, were ignored. 6681: 5952: 2066: 1795:, killed Henry. More might have derived his opinion from 1546:

where she found refuge in the court of the queen regent,

6845: 6461: 6459: 6401: 6332: 6282: 6177: 1429:

as England's only remaining territory on the continent.

1449:

In 1452, the Duke of York was persuaded to return from

7608:—— (28 May 2015). "Henry VI (1421–1471)". 6669: 6225: 6201: 1467:

Henry may have inherited a psychiatric condition from

6739:

de Commynes, Philippe (2007). Blanchard, Joel (ed.).

6720: 6456: 6189: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6054: 6052: 5940: 5899: 1432: 1289: 6953: 6941: 6929: 6917: 6905: 6893: 6881: 6857: 6165: 1140:

A mid-15th-century depiction of Henry being crowned

7025: 6237: 6213: 3281:

Duke of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, King of England

698:from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6758:. United Kingdom: Head of Zeus. pp. 561–566. 6153: 6136: 6049: 7411:Scarecrow Press, New York, 1963 (pp. 76, 78, 80). 6869: 6827:"The Roos Monument in the Rutland Chantry Chapel" 10383: 7219:(Drama), Royal Shakespeare Company, 8 April 1965 7196:(Drama), Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), 7 April 1964 6813:"The Project Gutenberg EBook of Henry the Sixth" 6661:Baldwin, William (2019). Lucas, Scott C. (ed.). 1827:, but in 1484 Richard III had his body moved to 1699:Queen Margaret, exiled in Scotland and later in 1565:, 17 February 1461, her forces engaged with the 7709:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 6665:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 114–115. 748:. His early reign, when England was ruled by a 7660:. Vol. 26. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 5828:, and originate the Tudor claim to the throne. 1367:. His murdered body was found on the beach at 10482:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 9742: 9062: 8800: 8030: 6566:. Blackburn: J. G. & J. Toulmin. p. 5820:(through Henry IV's semi-legitimate brother, 2236: 1882: 672: 7614:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 7593:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 7150:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2008. 5977:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1363:, but Suffolk's ship was intercepted in the 8597:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 7424:Westport, Conn; Libraries Unlimited, 2005. 7407:McGarry, Daniel D., White, Sarah Harriman, 7060: 6756:Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry Vi 6738: 6536:"The Pennington Family at Muncaster Castle" 2075:which contained all the history plays from 1190:; the proposal came to nothing. During the 1131: 9749: 9735: 9069: 9055: 8807: 8793: 8774:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 8037: 8023: 7773: 7467: 7420:Burgess, Michael, and Vassilakos, Jill H. 6645:"Sir John Harington to Prince Henry, 1609" 6423:, J.K.D. Copy in Sevenoaks public library. 6355:. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–29. 6035:. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 39–40. 5905: 2243: 2229: 1262:and instead would receive the province of 738:the Lancastrian claim to the French throne 717:on the death of his maternal grandfather, 679: 665: 131: 7682: 7607: 7583: 7355: 7031: 7004: 6743:. Vol. I. Geneva: Droz. p. 204. 6699: 6465: 6407: 6338: 6288: 6195: 6183: 6003: 5958: 1741: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 10467:Founders of English schools and colleges 7481: 6819: 6675: 6351:Davis, Norman, ed. (1999). "Letter 14". 5946: 5918:Cram, Paul (1948). "Western Europe". In 1991: 1886: 1869: 1745: 1682: 1495: 1436: 1347:Manuscript depiction of Henry VI c. 1457 1342: 1293: 1233: 1135: 956: 819:Starting in 1453, Henry had a series of 10432:English pretenders to the French throne 9299:Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland 9294:Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland 7706: 7611:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7445: 7356:Loncraine, Richard (29 December 1995), 6753: 6660: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6091: 6058: 6030: 5974:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5399:Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford 1819:King Henry VI was originally buried in 1672: 1441:Depiction of Henry enthroned, from the 1357:William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk 1242:, wife of Henry VI, as depicted in the 794:William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk 752:, saw the pinnacle of English power in 10384: 9756: 9219:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 7664: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7308: 7284: 7260: 7236: 7087: 7008:Shakespeare's Henry VI and Richard III 6726: 6687: 6447: 6432: 6117: 6070: 5808:. A fifth candidate to the throne was 5620: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5378: 5268: 5264: 2109:(condensed and edited into two plays, 1065:Henry's mother Catherine remarried to 1015:of the realm and was in charge of the 992:'s death. His mother, the 20-year-old 972:, the only child and heir-apparent of 444:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 9730: 9314:Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham 9289:Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg 9229:Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset 9224:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset 9214:Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England 9076: 9050: 8814: 8788: 8018: 7561: 7537: 7506: 7056: 7054: 7000: 6998: 6970: 6968: 6959: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6780:"Plantagenet Of Lancaster – Henry VI" 6580: 6559: 6435:Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses 6368: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6350: 6243: 6231: 6219: 6207: 6171: 5971:Rawcliffe, Carole. "Somerset, John". 5970: 5696: 5686: 5682: 5670: 5664: 5654: 5638: 5628: 5624: 5608: 5602: 5592: 5576: 5566: 5562: 5550: 5544: 5534: 5518: 5508: 5504: 5480: 5470: 5454: 5444: 5440: 5428: 5422: 5412: 5396: 5386: 5382: 5366: 5360: 5350: 5334: 5324: 5320: 5308: 5302: 5292: 5276: 5272: 5212: 5193: 5191: 5157: 5155: 5150: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5060: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4934: 4927: 4900: 4898: 4871: 4869: 4840: 4833: 4831: 4809: 4802: 4789: 4787: 4778: 4767: 4683: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4583: 4577: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4248: 4246: 4219: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4187: 4185: 4162: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4136: 4134: 4111: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4037: 4031: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3989: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3892: 3885: 3883: 3862: 3860: 3853: 3851: 3828: 3821: 3819: 3810: 3808: 3783: 3781: 3752: 3741: 3726: 3656: 3644: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3487: 3480: 3478: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3395: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3298: 3296: 3274: 3263: 3252: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3195: 3186: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3042: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2923: 2916: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2864: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2829: 2789: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2697: 2662: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2621: 2606: 2604: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2576: 2478: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 1769:Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV 1480:Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick 1044:Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick 1003:in the King's name and established a 968:Henry was born on 6 December 1421 at 841:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset 705:from 1422 to 1453. The only child of 427: 10370:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 9468:George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence 7669:. London: Eyre Methuen. p. 347. 7636: 6610: 6372: 6300: 6260: 6249: 6159: 6147: 5917: 5279:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 1663:Shall mire himself, and hardly scape 1485: 694:(6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 9463:Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland 9349:Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford 9209:Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England 7396: 6977:Studies in the Literary Imagination 6974: 6120:, pp. 79–80; apparently this " 4941:Duke of Gloucester, King of England 2087:in the 1964 West German TV version 1953:of a young girl afflicted with the 1847:, in stark contrast to his father, 1651:Pomps, imprompt; and fame, a flame; 1402:had been the symbol of the deposed 1313:. Gloucester was put in custody in 1167:William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk 949:Dual monarchy of England and France 13: 10487:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime 9443:Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury 9413:Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond 9309:Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham 9022: 7675: 7492:. University of California Press. 7264:The Second Part of Henry the Sixth 7122: 7051: 6995: 6965: 6831:Archive for the St George's Chapel 6590:. Faber & Faber. p. 195. 6515: 6496: 6477: 6359: 6305:. London: Routledge. p. 438. 5826:Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond 2871:Duke of Lancaster, King of England 2101:, a 1965–66 filmed version of the 1928: 1829:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1603:", ensuring the prosperity of the 1433:Illness and the ascendancy of York 1375:to rule due to his mental health. 1290:Ascendancy of Suffolk and Somerset 760:in his government began to widen. 401:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 16:King of England (1422–61, 1470–71) 14: 10508: 9418:William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke 9334:George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury 9279:John Neville, Marquess of Montagu 7771:National Portrait Gallery, London 7745: 7463:from the original on 28 July 2017 7288:The Third Part of Henry the Sixth 7240:The First Part of Henry the Sixth 7032:Bevington, David (20 July 1998). 6810: 6792: 6560:Abram, William Alexander (1877). 1998:The first Part of Henry the Sixth 1876:National Portrait Gallery, London 1311:Edmund Beaufort, Earl of Somerset 1161:had gained ground beginning with 1084:In reaction to the coronation of 740:, which had been ratified in the 728:(1337–1453), at the beginning of 10477:Prisoners in the Tower of London 10452:People of the Hundred Years' War 10437:English people of French descent 9711: 9710: 9473:Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon 9423:William Hastings, Baron Hastings 9408:John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln 9392: 9284:Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick 9239:Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset 9234:John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont 9198: 9187: 9171: 9161: 9151: 9141: 9131: 7657:Dictionary of National Biography 7309:Howell, Jane (23 January 1983), 7285:Howell, Jane (16 January 1983), 6419:Sevenoaks Preservation Society: 6303:England in the Later Middle Ages 6077:. London: Henry Frowde. p. 5806:John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter 5254:Ancestors of Henry VI of England 5201: 5180: 5164:Prince of Wales, King of England 4887: 4825: 4174: 4142: 4123: 3872: 2836:Prince of Wales, King of England 2274: 1973:his hat was kept by his tomb at 1892:King's College Chapel, Cambridge 1874:16th-century portrait of Henry ( 1517:Council of Wales and the Marches 1052:opposition to Richard II's reign 885:Henry was restored to the throne 858:succession to the English throne 485: 23: 10457:People of the Wars of the Roses 9694:Second Cornish uprising of 1497 9433:Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell 9339:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury 8074:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 7754:at the official website of the 7414: 7373: 7349: 7326: 7302: 7278: 7261:Howell, Jane (9 January 1983), 7254: 7237:Howell, Jane (2 January 1983), 7230: 7207: 7184: 7161: 7140: 7116: 7090:The Yearbook of English Studies 7081: 7064:The First Part of King Henry VI 6804: 6786: 6772: 6747: 6732: 6693: 6654: 6634: 6604: 6574: 6553: 6528: 6509: 6490: 6471: 6441: 6426: 6421:The Rising in Kent in 1450 A.D. 6413: 6344: 6319: 6294: 6127: 6111: 6085: 5870: 5860: 5831: 5766: 5168: 5117: 4945: 4858: 4851: 3770: 3763: 3285: 2879: 2840: 2343: 2284:Family tree of English monarchs 2179:(condensed into two parts) and 1805:. Another contemporary source, 1503:of Henry VI, York Museums Trust 937:trilogy of plays about his life 423: 34:needs additional citations for 10407:15th-century murdered monarchs 9654:Issue of Edward III of England 9403:Anne Neville, Queen of England 9364:Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke 9359:Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond 8071:Monarchs of England until 1603 7547:Emporia State Research Studies 7438: 7067:. Cambridge University Press. 7011:. Cambridge University Press. 6268:. Vintage Books. p. 133. 6064: 6033:Louis XI: The Universal Spider 6024: 5997: 5964: 5911: 2250:English royal families in the 2105:performing the three parts of 1648:Which vice doth still provoke; 976:. Succeeding to the throne as 1: 10427:15th-century English nobility 10412:15th-century English monarchs 9628:Stafford and Lovell rebellion 9453:William Neville, Earl of Kent 9438:John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk 9379:Edward Woodville, Lord Scales 9324:George Stanley, Baron Strange 9319:Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby 9269:Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter 9264:John Courtenay, Earl of Devon 9259:John Clifford, Baron Clifford 9244:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley 7684:Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge 7555:Kansas State Teachers College 7451:"The Coronations of Henry VI" 7061:Shakespeare, William (1990). 6620:. Random House. p. 333. 6433:Wagner, John A., ed. (2001). 6387:10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00145-7 6031:Kendall, Paul Murray (1971). 5925:Encyclopedia of World History 5893: 4847:Duke of York, King of England 3897:Duke of York, Prince of Wales 1987: 1657:Who meanth to remove the rock 1050:had been instrumental in the 1042:From 1428, Henry's tutor was 953:Regency government, 1422–1437 942: 568:Joan, Countess of Westmorland 10417:15th-century kings of France 9528:Siege of the Tower of London 9428:John Howard, Duke of Norfolk 9249:James Butler, Earl of Ormond 7643:"Henry VI (1421–1471)" 7628:UK public library membership 7459:, vol. 32, no. 5, 6074:The Records of Merton Priory 5991:UK public library membership 5641:Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria 2217: 2206:depicts Henry's response to 2145:in the 1995 film version of 2133:part 1, 2, and 3 as well as 1758:Henry was imprisoned in the 1169:, who thought likewise; the 1021:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 603:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 529:Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter 234:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 7: 9588:1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion 9274:John Neville, Baron Neville 9254:John Butler, Earl of Ormond 8681:British monarchs after the 7469:"Henry VI, King of England" 5932:: Riverside Press. p. 5841:, who also showed signs of 5747: 2139:English Shakespeare Company 1750:The Wakefield Tower in the 1180: 984:of 1420, he became titular 827:, headed by the leaders of 608:Blanche, Electress Palatine 558:Henry, Bishop of Winchester 539:Catherine, Queen of Castile 524:Philippa, Queen of Portugal 10: 10513: 9354:James Tuchet, Baron Audley 7767:Portraits of King Henry VI 7590:The Reign of King Henry VI 7482:Cheetham, Anthony (2000). 7312:The Tragedy of Richard III 6452:. Longman. pp. 49–51. 6105:2027/miun.aba0086.0005.001 6006:Social History of Medicine 5888: 5614: 5498: 5372: 5266: 1883:Architecture and education 1676: 1666:The swelling of the flood. 1654:Power, a smoldering smoke. 1625:The Mirror for Magistrates 1563:Second Battle of St Albans 1489: 1250:Cardinal Beaufort and the 1220:John IV, Count of Armagnac 946: 724:Henry was born during the 613:Philippa, Queen of Denmark 249:1454–1455, 1455–1456, 1460 10368: 10349: 10323: 10285: 10259: 10213: 10188: 10109: 10020: 9916: 9792: 9762: 9704: 9641: 9495: 9387: 9182: 9119: 9112: 9084: 9033: 9020: 8822: 8769: 8692: 8676: 8672: 8609: 8592: 8588: 8065: 8061: 7997: 7989: 7982: 7967: 7958: 7945: 7938: 7921: 7885: 7877: 7862: 7854: 7844: 7831: 7823: 7818: 7783: 7569:. Yale University Press. 7538:Dicks, Samuel E. (1967). 7523:10.1017/S0095139000069817 7005:Alexander, Peter (2014). 6782:. English Monarchs. 2004. 5855:Louis II, Duke of Bourbon 5796:through his descent from 5684: 5676: 5648: 5626: 5622: 5586: 5564: 5556: 5528: 5506: 5502: 5464: 5442: 5434: 5406: 5384: 5380: 5344: 5322: 5314: 5286: 5270: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5066: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5004: 5000: 4986: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4932: 4925: 4838: 4807: 4800: 4776: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4631: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4581: 4579: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4419: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4359: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4321: 4309: 4307: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4109: 4107: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3953: 3951: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3935: 3890: 3826: 3750: 3739: 3737: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3586: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3498: 3485: 3469: 3467: 3455: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3401: 3389: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3319: 3317: 3272: 3261: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3209: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3193: 3191: 3184: 3172: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2934: 2932: 2921: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2719: 2717: 2701: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2671: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2476: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2273:=Killed in action; 2103:Royal Shakespeare Company 1907:All Souls College, Oxford 1903:King's College, Cambridge 1851:, who led the victory at 1834: 1645:Pleasure is a privy prick 1124:and the beginning of the 1069:and had two sons by him, 929:All Souls College, Oxford 921:King's College, Cambridge 837:Richard, 3rd Duke of York 506:Second House of Lancaster 481: 471: 461: 449: 437: 408: 382: 365: 349: 345: 337: 315: 305: 295: 281: 268: 258: 217: 207: 197: 185: 174: 163: 149: 130: 125: 7665:Wolffe, Bertram (1981). 6754:Johnson, Lauren (2019). 6520:. Vol. ii. p. 6516:Tytler, Patrick Fraser. 6501:. Vol. ii. p. 6497:Tytler, Patrick Fraser. 6482:. Vol. ii. p. 6478:Tytler, Patrick Fraser. 5851:Louis I, Duke of Bourbon 5847:Peter I, Duke of Bourbon 5802:Henry IV's second sister 5798:Henry IV's eldest sister 5759: 2200:London Bridge Is Falling 2192:Lady Georgiana Fullerton 1707:. At the urging of King 1705:George, Duke of Clarence 1639:Riches are ready snares, 1636:State is devoid of stay, 1591:Following defeat in the 1417:, held by England since 1216:Charles, Duke of Orléans 1132:Assumption of government 1060:English House of Commons 598:Thomas, Duke of Clarence 588:Henry V, King of England 10472:Medieval child monarchs 10422:English Roman Catholics 9783:List of French monarchs 9669:Bonville–Courtenay feud 7699:Encyclopædia Britannica 7474:Encyclopædia Britannica 7038:Encyclopedia Britannica 6833:. College of St. George 6437:. ABC-CLIO. p. 48. 6071:Heales, Alfred (1898). 5849:, and her grandfather, 1787:explicitly states that 1011:, was appointed senior 849:power behind the throne 766:English lands in France 742:Treaty of Troyes (1420) 653:Edward, Prince of Wales 534:Henry, Duke of Hereford 514:John, Duke of Lancaster 10289:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 9778:List of Frankish kings 9773:Simplified family tree 9618:Buckingham's rebellion 9598:Readeption of Henry VI 9027: 7888:— DISPUTED — 7638:Tout, Thomas Frederick 7620:10.1093/ref:odnb/12953 6301:Keen, Maurice (1973). 6266:Britain's Royal Family 5983:10.1093/ref:odnb/26012 2055:portrayed Henry VI in 2007: 1917:) consisted of a late 1894: 1879: 1785:History of Richard III 1755: 1742:Imprisonment and death 1696: 1679:Readeption of Henry VI 1670: 1633:Kingdoms are but cares 1609:Waddington, Lancashire 1504: 1446: 1443:Talbot Shrewsbury Book 1398:Inn in Southwark (the 1348: 1305: 1247: 1244:Talbot Shrewsbury Book 1149: 965: 903:before being moved to 732:, in which his uncle, 721:, shortly afterwards. 709:, he succeeded to the 563:Thomas, Duke of Exeter 544:John, Earl of Somerset 142:Talbot Shrewsbury Book 9304:Thomas Ros, Baron Ros 9089:Red Rose of Lancaster 9026: 7976:Edward of Westminster 7489:The Wars of the Roses 7335:The Wars of the Roses 7216:The Wars of the Roses 7146:Nollen, Scott Allen. 6617:The Wars of the Roses 6448:Sadler, John (2010). 6327:The Wars of the Roses 5195:Richard of Shrewsbury 4902:Edward of Westminster 3858:Duchess of Buckingham 3482:Richard of Conisburgh 2208:Jack Cade's Rebellion 2098:The Wars of the Roses 1995: 1890: 1873: 1807:Wakefield's Chronicle 1749: 1686: 1660:Owst of the slimy mud 1630: 1536:Battle of Northampton 1499: 1440: 1346: 1297: 1277:Edward of Westminster 1237: 1196:Charles VII of France 1175:Richard, Duke of York 1139: 1086:Charles VII of France 1017:ongoing war in France 1009:John, Duke of Bedford 988:upon his grandfather 960: 893:Edward of Westminster 593:John, Duke of Bedford 323:John, Duke of Bedford 244:Richard, Duke of York 58:"Henry VI of England" 9768:Detailed family tree 9679:Neville–Neville feud 9664:Princes in the Tower 8651:William III & II 8216:Henry the Young King 8166:Edward the Confessor 8134:Æthelred the Unready 7912:Reason for dispute: 7798:House of Plantagenet 7795:Cadet branch of the 7785:Henry VI of England 7447:Allmand, Christopher 6097:A History of England 5794:Afonso V of Portugal 5547:Charles VI of France 5337:Blanche of Lancaster 2859:Philippa of Clarence 2608:Blanche of Lancaster 2167:Benedict Cumberbatch 2041:many adaptations of 2013:Battle of Tewkesbury 1946:Henry VII of England 1797:Philippe de Commines 1736:Battle of Tewkesbury 1673:Return to the throne 1469:Charles VI of France 1204:Albert II of Germany 1122:Great Bullion Famine 1079:Henry VII of England 1033:Bishop of Winchester 1023:, who was appointed 897:Battle of Tewkesbury 43:improve this article 10392:Henry VI of England 10204:Henry VI of England 9458:Sir Richard Herbert 8599:Union of the Crowns 7585:Griffiths, Ralph A. 6854:, pp. 164–165. 6690:, pp. 342–344. 6518:History of Scotland 6499:History of Scotland 6480:History of Scotland 5853:. Joanna's brother 5605:Catherine of Valois 5521:Charles V of France 5483:Henry VI of England 5305:Henry IV of England 4835:Elizabeth Woodville 4804:Catherine Woodville 3265:Catherine of Valois 2664:Thomas of Woodstock 2578:Edward of Woodstock 2175:, an adaptation of 1911:Eton College Chapel 1791:, who was then the 1642:And hasten to decay 1559:Battle of Wakefield 1475:and John Marchall. 1462:Battle of Castillon 1390:led a rebellion in 1188:James I of Scotland 1148:on 16 December 1431 1146:Notre-Dame de Paris 1098:Notre-Dame de Paris 994:Catherine of Valois 923:and (together with 845:politically neutral 746:Notre-Dame de Paris 476:Catherine of Valois 290:Notre-Dame de Paris 167:1 September 1422 – 10497:Dukes of Aquitaine 10442:House of Lancaster 10351:House of Bonaparte 10261:House of Bonaparte 10191:House of Lancaster 9757:Monarchs of France 9674:Percy–Neville feud 9553:St Albans (Second) 9448:Sir Thomas Neville 9094:White Rose of York 9028: 8683:Acts of Union 1707 8646:James II & VII 8339:Kenneth I MacAlpin 8124:Edgar the Peaceful 8008:Annexed by France 7972:Title next held by 7950:Title last held by 7940:Peerage of England 7931:as undisputed king 7790:House of Lancaster 7123:Benson, Frank R., 6375:Medical Hypotheses 6353:The Paston Letters 6018:10.1093/shm/1.1.61 5818:House of Lancaster 5667:Isabeau of Bavaria 5363:Henry V of England 4873:George Plantagenet 4814:Duke of Buckingham 3303:Duke of Gloucester 3188:Elizabeth Mortimer 2667:Duke of Gloucester 2640:Katherine Swynford 2582:"The Black Prince" 2008: 1895: 1880: 1857:William de la Pole 1845:Hundred Years' War 1793:Duke of Gloucester 1756: 1697: 1550:, recent widow of 1505: 1447: 1415:Duchy of Aquitaine 1349: 1306: 1248: 1171:Duke of Gloucester 1155:Hundred Years' War 1150: 966: 814:Percy-Neville feud 780:and the conquered 750:regency government 726:Hundred Years' War 466:Henry V of England 274:21 October 1422 – 10462:Dukes of Cornwall 10379: 10378: 10340:Louis Philippe II 10263:(1804–1814; 1815) 9724: 9723: 9503:St Albans (First) 9491: 9490: 9369:Margaret Beaufort 9078:Wars of the Roses 9044: 9043: 8816:Dukes of Cornwall 8782: 8781: 8765: 8764: 8668: 8667: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8578: 8129:Edward the Martyr 8013: 8012: 8000:Duke of Aquitaine 7993:Henry of Monmouth 7954:Henry of Monmouth 7934: 7922:Succeeded by 7890: 7845:Succeeded by 7626:(Subscription or 7600:978-0-5200-4372-5 7576:978-0-3000-6076-8 7499:978-0-5202-2802-3 7449:(30 April 1982), 7430:978-1-5915-8087-4 7193:König Richard III 7156:978-0-7864-4073-3 7074:978-1-1398-3512-1 7018:978-1-1074-5079-0 6765:978-1-7849-7964-5 6627:978-0-3078-0685-7 6597:978-0-5712-8809-0 6312:978-0-4150-2783-0 6275:978-0-0995-3973-5 6234:, pp. 10–11. 6210:, pp. 9, 11. 6042:978-0-3930-5380-7 5989:(Subscription or 5961:, pp. 1, 11. 5928:(rev. ed.). 5920:William L. Langer 5839:Joanna of Bourbon 5810:Margaret Beaufort 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5579:Joanna of Bourbon 5248: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5152:Elizabeth of York 4769:Margaret Beaufort 4214:Humphrey Stafford 4157:Margaret Beaufort 4138:Richard Woodville 3743:Margaret of Anjou 3473:Edward of Norwich 2655:Edmund of Langley 2626:Duke of Lancaster 2599:Lionel of Antwerp 2320:Duke of Lancaster 2317:Henry of Grosmont 2252:Wars of the Roses 2089:König Richard III 1841:Wars of the Roses 1766:According to the 1693:Archangel Michael 1601:Luck of Muncaster 1492:Wars of the Roses 1486:Wars of the Roses 1256:Margaret of Anjou 1240:Margaret of Anjou 1229:Count of Armagnac 1206:likewise failed. 1192:Congress of Arras 1094:Westminster Abbey 1035:(after 1426 also 866:Wars of the Roses 862:dynastic conflict 821:mental breakdowns 798:a major rebellion 770:Margaret of Anjou 689: 688: 550:House of Beaufort 493: 492: 415:Margaret of Anjou 378:, London, England 192:Westminster Abbey 178:3 October 1470 – 119: 118: 111: 93: 10504: 10334:Louis Philippe I 10325:House of Orléans 10287:House of Bourbon 10215:House of Bourbon 9751: 9744: 9737: 9728: 9727: 9714: 9713: 9548:Mortimer's Cross 9478:Margaret of York 9396: 9202: 9191: 9175: 9165: 9155: 9145: 9135: 9117: 9116: 9071: 9064: 9057: 9048: 9047: 9025: 8870:(1460; disputed) 8809: 8802: 8795: 8786: 8785: 8674: 8673: 8634:Richard Cromwell 8624:The Protectorate 8614:James I & VI 8590: 8589: 8171:Harold Godwinson 8091:Edward the Elder 8084:Alfred the Great 8068: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8039: 8032: 8025: 8016: 8015: 7990:Preceded by 7961:Duke of Cornwall 7928: 7919: 7917:Treaty of Troyes 7913: 7909: 7904: 7886: 7878:Preceded by 7855:Preceded by 7824:Preceded by 7814: 7807: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7756:British monarchy 7740: 7703: 7691: 7689:"Henry VI" 7670: 7661: 7645: 7631: 7623: 7604: 7580: 7558: 7544: 7534: 7503: 7478: 7464: 7433: 7418: 7412: 7405: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7382:The Hollow Crown 7377: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7165: 7159: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7058: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7002: 6993: 6992: 6972: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6702:Medieval Warfare 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6540:Muncaster Castle 6532: 6526: 6525: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6430: 6424: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6370: 6357: 6356: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6329:Yale 2002, p. 67 6323: 6317: 6316: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6258: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6134: 6133:Lingard, p. 108. 6131: 6125: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5986: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5882: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5835: 5829: 5804:, whose son was 5770: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5250: 5210: 5205: 5189: 5184: 5177: 5172: 5170: 5121: 5120: 1485–1509 5119: 5113: 4968: 4963: 4954: 4949: 4948: 1483–1485 4947: 4923: 4918: 4909: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4880: 4876:Duke of Clarence 4867: 4862: 4861: 1471–1483 4860: 4855: 4854: 1461–1470 4853: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4798: 4785: 4774: 4277: 4272: 4263: 4259: 4244: 4239: 4230: 4226: 4208: 4203: 4194: 4183: 4178: 4171: 4167:Duke of Somerset 4151: 4146: 4132: 4127: 4120: 4116:Duke of Somerset 3915: 3910: 3901: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3849: 3844: 3835: 3817: 3806: 3801: 3792: 3788:Duke of Somerset 3779: 3774: 3773: 1470–1471 3772: 3767: 3766: 1422–1461 3765: 3748: 3735: 3731:Duke of Somerset 3489:Anne de Mortimer 3294: 3289: 3288: 1413–1422 3287: 3270: 3259: 2903: 2883: 2882: 1399–1413 2881: 2875: 2844: 2843: 1377–1399 2842: 2602:Duke of Clarence 2347: 2346: 1327–1377 2345: 2289: 2288: 2278: 2271: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2196:The Triple Crown 2172:The Hollow Crown 2143:Edward Jewesbury 2039:There have been 1861:Siege of Orléans 1732:Battle of Barnet 1728:Charles the Bold 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1597:Muncaster Castle 1593:Battle of Hexham 1574:Battle of Towton 1548:Mary of Guelders 1272:Titchfield Abbey 982:Treaty of Troyes 774:The peace policy 681: 674: 667: 644: 624: 579: 515: 495: 494: 489: 431: 429: 425: 372: 287:16 December 1431 277: 228: 181: 170: 135: 123: 122: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10447:House of Valois 10382: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10364: 10345: 10319: 10281: 10255: 10209: 10184: 10111:House of Valois 10105: 10016: 9977:Charles the Fat 9936:Pepin the Short 9921: 9912: 9788: 9787: 9758: 9755: 9725: 9720: 9700: 9637: 9613:Siege of London 9487: 9483:Richard of York 9391: 9383: 9344:Andrew Trollope 9329:William Stanley 9197: 9193: 9192: 9186: 9178: 9108: 9080: 9075: 9045: 9040: 9037:Cornwall Portal 9029: 9023: 9018: 8923:Henry Frederick 8818: 8813: 8783: 8778: 8761: 8688: 8664: 8629:Oliver Cromwell 8605: 8580: 8575: 8422:Constantine III 8331: 8156:Harold Harefoot 8146:Edmund Ironside 8057: 8052: and 8043: 8003: 7995: 7984:French nobility 7973: 7964: 7951: 7927: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7891: 7883: 7872: 7869:Lord of Ireland 7867: 7865:King of England 7860: 7850: 7841: 7838:Lord of Ireland 7836: 7834:King of England 7829: 7808: 7806:6 December 1421 7802: 7801: 7793: 7786: 7748: 7743: 7678: 7676:Further reading 7673: 7648:Stephen, Leslie 7625: 7601: 7577: 7542: 7500: 7477:. 28 July 1999. 7441: 7436: 7419: 7415: 7406: 7397: 7388: 7386: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7350: 7341: 7339: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7318: 7316: 7307: 7303: 7294: 7292: 7283: 7279: 7270: 7268: 7259: 7255: 7246: 7244: 7235: 7231: 7222: 7220: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7199: 7197: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7176: 7174: 7170:An Age of Kings 7167: 7166: 7162: 7145: 7141: 7132: 7130: 7121: 7117: 7102:10.2307/3507973 7086: 7082: 7075: 7059: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7003: 6996: 6973: 6966: 6958: 6954: 6946: 6942: 6934: 6930: 6922: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6898: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6809: 6805: 6791: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6766: 6752: 6748: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6698: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6674: 6670: 6659: 6655: 6641:Harington, John 6639: 6635: 6628: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6579: 6575: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6514: 6510: 6495: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6464: 6457: 6446: 6442: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6414: 6406: 6402: 6371: 6360: 6349: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6299: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6259: 6250: 6242: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6174:, pp. 5–6. 6170: 6166: 6158: 6154: 6146: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6116: 6112: 6090: 6086: 6069: 6065: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6029: 6025: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5969: 5965: 5957: 5953: 5945: 5941: 5916: 5912: 5906:Britannica 1999 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5836: 5832: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5750: 5745: 5699:Taddea Visconti 5206: 5199: 5197: 5185: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5109:King of England 5108: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905:Prince of Wales 4904: 4892: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4796: 4795: 4794:Duke of Bedford 4793: 4783: 4782: 4772: 4771: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4250:Richard Neville 4235: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4179: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4164:Edmund Beaufort 4147: 4140: 4128: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3894:Richard of York 3877: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3864:Richard Neville 3857: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3823:Eleanor Neville 3815: 3814: 3812:William Neville 3797: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785:Edmund Beaufort 3777: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3760: 3759:King of England 3758: 3746: 3745: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3475: 3302: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3268: 3267: 3257: 3256: 2911: 2909:Thomas Beaufort 2901: 2900: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2666: 2657: 2625: 2601: 2585:Prince of Wales 2584: 2580: 2342: 2340: 2339:King of England 2338: 2319: 2280: 2267: 2264: 2249: 2220: 2072:An Age of Kings 2058:Tower of London 1990: 1963:break with Rome 1931: 1929:Posthumous cult 1885: 1837: 1814:Tower of London 1760:Tower of London 1752:Tower of London 1744: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1620:William Baldwin 1582:Earl of Warwick 1567:Earl of Warwick 1494: 1488: 1435: 1365:English Channel 1315:Bury St Edmunds 1292: 1268:Treaty of Tours 1252:Earl of Suffolk 1183: 1159:House of Valois 1134: 1106:All Saints' Day 1090:Reims Cathedral 1005:regency council 978:King of England 963:Earl of Warwick 955: 947:Main articles: 945: 889:Earl of Warwick 881:Tower of London 790:county of Maine 730:its third phase 696:King of England 685: 642: 622: 577: 513: 499:English Royalty 433: 421: 417: 404: 399: 397: 387: 376:Tower of London 374: 370: 354: 353:6 December 1421 333: 325: 288: 276:19 October 1453 275: 264: 254: 246: 242: 236: 230: 229: 224: 190: 189:6 November 1429 179: 168: 159: 151:King of England 145: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10510: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10377: 10376: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10363: 10362: 10356: 10354: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10343: 10336: 10330: 10328: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10317: 10310: 10303: 10298: 10292: 10290: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10272: 10266: 10264: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10253: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10220: 10218: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10199: 10197: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10116: 10114: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10027: 10025: 10022:House of Capet 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9930: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9883:Childebert III 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9799: 9797: 9790: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9731: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9705: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9689:Battle of Deal 9684:Perkin Warbeck 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9659:Titulus Regius 9656: 9651: 9645: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9623:Bosworth Field 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9593:Losecoat Field 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9518:Ludford Bridge 9515: 9510: 9508:Loveday (1458) 9505: 9499: 9497: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9399: 9397: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9205: 9203: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9176: 9166: 9156: 9146: 9136: 9125: 9123: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9074: 9073: 9066: 9059: 9051: 9042: 9041: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9014:(2022–present) 9008: 9000: 8992: 8984: 8976: 8968: 8960: 8952: 8944: 8936: 8928: 8920: 8912: 8904: 8896: 8888: 8880: 8872: 8864: 8856: 8848: 8840: 8832: 8823: 8820: 8819: 8812: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8789: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8670: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8621: 8616: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8525:Edward Balliol 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8385:Constantine II 8382: 8377: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8324: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8207: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8177:Edgar Ætheling 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8072: 8066: 8059: 8058: 8042: 8041: 8034: 8027: 8019: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7996: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7971: 7966: 7957: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7923: 7920: 7895:King of France 7884: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7861: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7846: 7843: 7830: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7819:Regnal titles 7816: 7815: 7794: 7787: 7784: 7779: 7778: 7764: 7763:at BBC History 7758: 7747: 7746:External links 7744: 7742: 7741: 7721:10.2307/750667 7704: 7694:Chisholm, Hugh 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7662: 7634: 7633: 7632: 7599: 7581: 7575: 7559: 7535: 7517:(2): 187–209. 7504: 7498: 7484:Antonia Fraser 7479: 7465: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7413: 7395: 7372: 7348: 7325: 7301: 7277: 7253: 7229: 7206: 7183: 7160: 7139: 7115: 7080: 7073: 7050: 7024: 7017: 6994: 6964: 6962:, p. 189. 6952: 6950:, p. 195. 6940: 6938:, p. 184. 6928: 6926:, p. 169. 6916: 6914:, p. 188. 6904: 6902:, p. 185. 6892: 6890:, p. 161. 6880: 6868: 6866:, p. 165. 6856: 6844: 6818: 6803: 6785: 6771: 6764: 6746: 6731: 6729:, p. 347. 6719: 6692: 6680: 6668: 6653: 6633: 6626: 6603: 6596: 6573: 6552: 6527: 6508: 6489: 6470: 6466:Griffiths 1981 6455: 6440: 6425: 6412: 6410:, p. 628. 6408:Griffiths 1981 6400: 6381:(4): 416–421. 6358: 6343: 6341:, p. 677. 6339:Griffiths 1981 6331: 6325:Hicks, M. A., 6318: 6311: 6293: 6291:, p. 298. 6289:Griffiths 1981 6281: 6274: 6248: 6236: 6224: 6212: 6200: 6196:Griffiths 2015 6188: 6186:, p. 461. 6184:Griffiths 1981 6176: 6164: 6152: 6135: 6126: 6110: 6084: 6063: 6048: 6041: 6023: 5996: 5963: 5959:Griffiths 1981 5951: 5939: 5910: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5869: 5859: 5843:mental illness 5830: 5812:, who was the 5764: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5192: 5190: 5156: 5154: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4966:Bosworth Field 4933: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4899: 4897: 4870: 4868: 4839: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4811:Henry Stafford 4808: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4788: 4786: 4777: 4775: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4247: 4245: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4186: 4184: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4135: 4133: 4113:Henry Beaufort 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3891: 3889: 3887:Cecily Neville 3884: 3882: 3861: 3859: 3852: 3850: 3827: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3809: 3807: 3782: 3780: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3297: 3295: 3273: 3271: 3262: 3260: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3217:Roger Mortimer 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2912:Duke of Exeter 2906: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2259:Dukes (except 2255: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2233: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2212:Edith Pargeter 2204:Philip Lindsay 1996:First page of 1989: 1986: 1930: 1927: 1884: 1881: 1836: 1833: 1821:Chertsey Abbey 1743: 1740: 1726:, whose ruler 1677:Main article: 1674: 1671: 1631: 1490:Main article: 1487: 1484: 1434: 1431: 1291: 1288: 1182: 1179: 1157:, whereas the 1142:King of France 1133: 1130: 1029:Henry Beaufort 1025:Lord Protector 986:King of France 970:Windsor Castle 944: 941: 925:Henry Chichele 905:Windsor Castle 901:Chertsey Abbey 877:King Edward IV 829:cadet branches 711:English throne 703:King of France 687: 686: 684: 683: 676: 669: 661: 658: 657: 656: 655: 647: 646: 638: 637: 636: 635: 627: 626: 618: 617: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 582: 581: 573: 572: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 554: 553: 541: 536: 531: 526: 518: 517: 509: 508: 502: 501: 491: 490: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 468: 463: 459: 458: 453: 447: 446: 441: 435: 434: 419: 413: 412: 410: 406: 405: 398:12 August 1484 390:Chertsey Abbey 388: 384: 380: 379: 373:(aged 49) 367: 363: 362: 356:Windsor Castle 351: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 335: 334: 332: 331: 319: 317: 313: 312: 307: 303: 302: 297: 293: 292: 285: 279: 278: 272: 266: 265: 262: 260:King of France 256: 255: 253: 252: 223: 222: 221: 219: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 187: 183: 182: 176: 172: 171: 165: 161: 160: 153: 147: 146: 136: 128: 127: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10509: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10492:Sons of kings 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10373: 10367: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10315: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10258: 10252: 10251: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10187: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10108: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10019: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9919: 9915: 9909: 9908:Childeric III 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9873:Theuderic III 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9838:Childebert II 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9791: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9765: 9761: 9752: 9747: 9745: 9740: 9738: 9733: 9732: 9729: 9717: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9649:Act of Accord 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9573:Hedgeley Moor 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9494: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9390: 9386: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9196: 9190: 9185: 9181: 9174: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9134: 9130: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9067: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9039: 9038: 9032: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8979:Albert Edward 8977: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8950:(1688–1701/2) 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8805: 8803: 8798: 8796: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8671: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8608: 8602: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8526: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8500: 8498: 8497:Alexander III 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8353:Constantine I 8350: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8217: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8060: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8033: 8028: 8026: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8009: 8006: 8002: 8001: 7994: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7948: 7944: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7926: 7918: 7908: 7898: 7897: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7876: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7853: 7849: 7840: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7805: 7800: 7799: 7792: 7791: 7782: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7456:History Today 7452: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7384: 7383: 7376: 7361: 7360: 7352: 7337: 7336: 7329: 7314: 7313: 7305: 7290: 7289: 7281: 7266: 7265: 7257: 7242: 7241: 7233: 7218: 7217: 7210: 7195: 7194: 7187: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7128: 7127: 7119: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7084: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7057: 7055: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7001: 6999: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6969: 6961: 6956: 6949: 6944: 6937: 6932: 6925: 6920: 6913: 6908: 6901: 6896: 6889: 6884: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6814: 6811:James, M. R. 6807: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6781: 6775: 6767: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6684: 6678:, p. 69. 6677: 6676:Cheetham 2000 6672: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6637: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6556: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6512: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6462: 6460: 6451: 6444: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6416: 6409: 6404: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6335: 6328: 6322: 6314: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6277: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6246:, p. 12. 6245: 6240: 6233: 6228: 6222:, p. 11. 6221: 6216: 6209: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6173: 6168: 6162:, p. 59. 6161: 6156: 6150:, p. 58. 6149: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6130: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6067: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5967: 5960: 5955: 5949:, p. 44. 5948: 5947:Cheetham 2000 5943: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5879: 5873: 5863: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5827: 5823: 5822:John Beaufort 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5790:primogeniture 5787: 5784:descent from 5783: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5457:Joan Fitzalan 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5425:Mary de Bohun 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5215: 5209: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5183: 5173: 5162: 5161: 5153: 5122: 5107: 5106: 5093: 5090: 5082: 5080: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5036: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4989: 4982: 4980: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4950: 4939: 4938: 4930: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4903: 4895: 4890: 4874: 4863: 4845: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4812: 4805: 4792: 4781: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4755: 4753: 4745: 4743: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4711: 4703: 4701: 4693: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4667: 4659: 4657: 4641: 4639: 4629: 4621: 4619: 4611: 4599: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4573: 4541: 4539: 4531: 4529: 4516: 4493: 4461: 4459: 4451: 4449: 4437: 4435: 4416: 4413: 4389: 4388: 4357: 4333: 4288: 4286: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4222: 4215: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4190: 4182: 4177: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4126: 4114: 4088: 4085: 4077: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4059: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4027: 4019: 3997: 3993: 3991: 3985: 3969: 3967: 3959: 3957: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3895: 3888: 3880: 3875: 3865: 3856: 3848: 3847:1st St Albans 3845: 3843: 3831: 3824: 3813: 3805: 3804:1st St Albans 3802: 3800: 3786: 3775: 3757: 3756: 3744: 3729: 3728:John Beaufort 3725: 3722: 3716: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3696: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3676: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3628: 3626: 3614: 3612: 3596: 3594: 3574: 3570: 3568: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3526: 3524: 3512: 3510: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3483: 3474: 3443: 3415: 3413: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3333: 3329: 3327: 3301: 3290: 3279: 3278: 3266: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3207: 3199: 3197: 3189: 3181: 3152: 3144: 3142: 3123: 3120: 3112: 3110: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3074: 3072: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3038: 3030: 3028: 3016: 3014: 2994: 2992: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2964: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2926: 2925:Ralph Neville 2919: 2918:Joan Beaufort 2910: 2899: 2898:John Beaufort 2884: 2869: 2868: 2860: 2845: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2817: 2815: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2767: 2759: 2757: 2749: 2747: 2737: 2729: 2727: 2696: 2689: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2656: 2641: 2624: 2623:John of Gaunt 2609: 2600: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2564: 2562: 2530: 2528: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2500: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2434: 2432: 2416: 2414: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2348: 2337: 2336: 2318: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2223: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2188:A Stormy Life 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2163:Tom Sturridge 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1923:Perpendicular 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1893: 1889: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1753: 1748: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1668: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1622:'s 1559 work 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1521:Prince Edward 1518: 1514: 1513:House of York 1510: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1473:Gilbert Kymer 1470: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1444: 1439: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1413:In 1451, the 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1114:Privy Council 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:Merton Priory 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1056:John Somerset 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 964: 959: 954: 950: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 869: 868:(1455–1487). 867: 864:known as the 863: 859: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 720: 716: 715:French throne 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 682: 677: 675: 670: 668: 663: 662: 660: 659: 654: 651: 650: 649: 648: 645: 640: 639: 634: 631: 630: 629: 628: 625: 620: 619: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 584: 583: 580: 575: 574: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 552: 551: 547: 546: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 520: 519: 516: 511: 510: 507: 504: 503: 500: 497: 496: 488: 484: 480: 477: 474: 470: 467: 464: 460: 457: 454: 452: 448: 445: 442: 440: 436: 416: 411: 407: 402: 395: 391: 385: 381: 377: 368: 364: 361: 358:, Berkshire, 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 329: 324: 321: 320: 318: 314: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 294: 291: 286: 284: 280: 273: 271: 267: 261: 257: 250: 245: 240: 235: 232: 231: 227: 220: 216: 213: 210: 206: 203: 200: 196: 193: 188: 184: 180:11 April 1471 177: 173: 166: 162: 157: 152: 148: 143: 139: 134: 129: 124: 121: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 10371: 10360:Napoleon III 10338: 10312: 10305: 10274: 10248: 10203: 10202: 10194: 10189: 10150:Charles VIII 9918:Carolingians 9903:Theuderic IV 9893:Chilperic II 9888:Dagobert III 9868:Childeric II 9863:Chlothar III 9808:Childebert I 9794:Merovingians 9128: 9035: 9013: 9005: 8997: 8989: 8981: 8973: 8965: 8957: 8949: 8941: 8933: 8925: 8917: 8909: 8901: 8893: 8885: 8877: 8869: 8861: 8853: 8850: 8845: 8837: 8829: 8773: 8752:Elizabeth II 8680: 8596: 8523: 8501: 8492:Alexander II 8409: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8319: 8308: 8273: 8231: 8214: 8202: 8175: 8138: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8007: 7998: 7974: 7968: 7959: 7952: 7946: 7930: 7929: 7903:Disputed by 7893: 7892: 7887: 7863: 7832: 7810: 7803: 7796: 7788: 7712: 7708: 7697: 7666: 7655: 7609: 7589: 7566: 7563:Duffy, Eamon 7550: 7546: 7514: 7508: 7488: 7472: 7454: 7421: 7416: 7408: 7387:, retrieved 7381: 7375: 7364:, retrieved 7358: 7351: 7340:, retrieved 7334: 7328: 7317:, retrieved 7311: 7304: 7293:, retrieved 7287: 7280: 7269:, retrieved 7263: 7256: 7245:, retrieved 7239: 7232: 7221:, retrieved 7215: 7209: 7198:, retrieved 7192: 7186: 7175:, retrieved 7169: 7163: 7147: 7142: 7131:, retrieved 7125: 7118: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7063: 7041:. Retrieved 7037: 7027: 7007: 6980: 6976: 6955: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6907: 6895: 6883: 6871: 6859: 6847: 6835:. Retrieved 6830: 6821: 6806: 6797: 6788: 6774: 6755: 6749: 6740: 6734: 6722: 6708:(1): 43–48. 6705: 6701: 6695: 6683: 6671: 6662: 6656: 6649:Nugæ Antiquæ 6648: 6636: 6616: 6612:Weir, Alison 6606: 6586: 6576: 6562: 6555: 6543:. Retrieved 6539: 6530: 6517: 6511: 6498: 6492: 6479: 6473: 6449: 6443: 6434: 6428: 6420: 6415: 6403: 6378: 6374: 6352: 6346: 6334: 6326: 6321: 6302: 6296: 6284: 6265: 6262:Weir, Alison 6239: 6227: 6215: 6203: 6191: 6179: 6167: 6155: 6129: 6121: 6113: 6096: 6087: 6073: 6066: 6059:Allmand 1982 6032: 6026: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5972: 5966: 5954: 5942: 5924: 5913: 5901: 5877: 5872: 5862: 5833: 5814:heir general 5768: 5482: 5198:Duke of York 5166: 5158: 5115: 5103: 4960: 4943: 4935: 4929:Anne Neville 4915: 4849: 4841: 4791:Jasper Tudor 4780:Edmund Tudor 4269: 4253: 4236: 4221:John Neville 4200: 3907: 3855:Anne Neville 3841: 3798: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3476:Duke of York 3283: 3275: 2877: 2865: 2838: 2830: 2658:Duke of York 2581: 2341: 2333: 2281: 2268: 2258: 2199: 2195: 2194:. The novel 2187: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2165:as Henry to 2156: 2153:Ian McKellen 2146: 2134: 2130: 2129:versions of 2125:in the 1983 2123:Peter Benson 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2093:David Warner 2088: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2065:in the 1960 2063:Terry Scully 2056: 2053:Miles Mander 2048: 2042: 2038: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1983: 1979: 1967:canonisation 1932: 1899:Eton College 1896: 1838: 1818: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1784: 1778: 1767: 1765: 1757: 1721: 1713:Anne Neville 1698: 1632: 1623: 1617: 1613:River Ribble 1590: 1580:through the 1578: 1571: 1556: 1529: 1519:for his son 1506: 1501:Silver groat 1477: 1466: 1459: 1448: 1412: 1377: 1373: 1350: 1326:heir general 1319: 1307: 1298: 1281: 1249: 1208: 1184: 1151: 1128:in England. 1083: 1064: 1041: 998: 974:King Henry V 967: 917:Eton College 870: 833:royal family 818: 762: 736:, contested 723: 691: 690: 641: 632: 548: 371:(1471-05-21) 327: 248: 238: 225: 169:4 March 1461 120: 105: 99:October 2021 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 10402:1471 deaths 10397:1421 births 10353:(1852–1870) 10327:(1830–1848) 10296:Louis XVIII 10276:Napoleon II 10217:(1589–1792) 10195:(1422–1453) 10140:Charles VII 10113:(1328–1589) 9987:Charles III 9972:Carloman II 9948:(Charles I) 9946:Charlemagne 9898:Chlothar IV 9853:Sigebert II 9843:Chlothar II 9828:Chilperic I 9818:Charibert I 9633:Stoke Field 9558:Ferrybridge 9533:Northampton 9513:Blore Heath 9159:Richard III 9113:Key figures 9104:Family tree 9006:(1952–2022) 8998:(1910–1936) 8990:(1901–1910) 8982:(1841–1901) 8974:(1762–1820) 8966:(1727–1751) 8958:(1714–1727) 8942:(1630–1649) 8934:(1612–1625) 8926:(1603–1612) 8918:(1537–1547) 8902:(1502–1509) 8894:(1486–1502) 8886:(1483–1484) 8878:(1470–1483) 8862:(1453–1471) 8854:(1421–1422) 8846:(1399–1413) 8838:(1376–1377) 8830:(1337–1376) 8757:Charles III 8742:Edward VIII 8472:Alexander I 8452:Malcolm III 8427:Kenneth III 8327:Elizabeth I 8289:Richard III 7925:Charles VII 7907:Charles VII 7813:21 May 1471 7715:: 145–162. 7652:Lee, Sidney 7439:Works cited 7359:Richard III 7126:Richard III 6727:Wolffe 1981 6688:Wolffe 1981 6118:Wolffe 1981 6093:Lingard, J. 5171: 1483 5112:Lancastrian 4937:Richard III 4908:Lancastrian 4883:Lancastrian 4821:Lancastrian 4797:Lancastrian 4784:Lancastrian 4773:Lancastrian 4262:Lancastrian 4254:"Kingmaker" 4229:Lancastrian 4193:Lancastrian 4189:Henry Percy 4170:Lancastrian 4119:Lancastrian 3834:Lancastrian 3830:Henry Percy 3791:Lancastrian 3778:Lancastrian 3747:Lancastrian 3734:Lancastrian 3293:Lancastrian 3269:Lancastrian 3258:Lancastrian 3180:Henry Percy 2902:Lancastrian 2874:Lancastrian 2181:Richard III 2158:Richard III 2148:Richard III 2135:Richard III 2119:Richard III 2081:Richard III 2049:Richard III 2043:Richard III 2029:Elizabeth I 2021:Richard III 2003:First Folio 1971:Reformation 1955:King's evil 1781:Thomas More 1774:melancholia 1527:in London. 1163:Joan of Arc 1126:Great Slump 1118:Cirencester 1112:(where the 1110:Westminster 933:Shakespeare 796:, provoked 784:. By 1453, 734:Charles VII 369:21 May 1471 341:Charles VII 310:Charles VII 296:Predecessor 263:(disputed) 198:Predecessor 144:, 1444–1445 10386:Categories 10270:Napoleon I 10250:Louis XVII 10229:Louis XIII 10175:Charles IX 10170:Francis II 10135:Charles VI 10101:Charles IV 10076:Philip III 10066:Louis VIII 10031:Hugh Capet 10024:(987–1328) 9957:Charles II 9941:Carloman I 9923:Robertians 9848:Dagobert I 9833:Sigebert I 9813:Chlothar I 9608:Tewkesbury 9374:Owen Tudor 9099:Tudor rose 8732:Edward VII 8722:William IV 8712:George III 8641:Charles II 8536:Robert III 8482:Malcolm IV 8457:Donald III 8432:Malcolm II 8417:Kenneth II 8299:Henry VIII 8259:Richard II 8254:Edward III 8188:William II 8161:Harthacnut 8004:1422–1453 7965:1421–1422 7881:Charles VI 7873:1470–1471 7842:1422–1461 7630:required.) 7389:24 January 7366:24 January 7342:24 January 7319:24 January 7295:24 January 7271:24 January 7247:24 January 7223:24 January 7200:24 January 7177:24 January 7133:24 January 6989:1303448560 6960:Craig 2003 6948:Duffy 1992 6936:Duffy 1992 6924:Duffy 1992 6912:Duffy 1992 6900:Duffy 1992 6888:Duffy 1992 6876:Craig 2003 6864:Duffy 1992 6852:Duffy 1992 6837:30 October 6794:Jones, Dan 6582:Jones, Dan 6244:Dicks 1967 6232:Dicks 1967 6220:Dicks 1967 6208:Dicks 1967 6172:Dicks 1967 5993:required.) 5894:References 5786:Edward III 5778:Richard II 4921:Tewkesbury 4181:Tewkesbury 3254:Owen Tudor 2832:Richard II 2335:Edward III 2202:(1934) by 2190:(1867) by 2077:Richard II 1988:In culture 1959:Henry VIII 1915:Syon Abbey 1865:Richard II 1717:readeption 1605:Pennington 1455:Shrewsbury 1404:Richard II 1400:white hart 1396:White Hart 1353:favourites 1330:Edward III 1299:Salut d'or 1198:, but the 1067:Owen Tudor 1001:Parliament 990:Charles VI 943:Child king 871:Henry was 806:favourites 719:Charles VI 396:, England; 300:Charles VI 283:Coronation 186:Coronation 69:newspapers 10307:Louis XIX 10301:Charles X 10244:Louis XVI 10234:Louis XIV 10180:Henry III 10160:Francis I 10155:Louis XII 10130:Charles V 10120:Philip VI 10081:Philip IV 10061:Philip II 10056:Louis VII 10036:Robert II 9967:Louis III 9929:(751–987) 9878:Clovis IV 9858:Clovis II 9796:(509–751) 9543:Wakefield 9184:Lancaster 9169:Henry VII 9139:Edward IV 8963:Frederick 8747:George VI 8717:George IV 8707:George II 8619:Charles I 8601:from 1603 8551:James III 8531:Robert II 8487:William I 8462:Duncan II 8390:Malcolm I 8380:Donald II 8304:Edward VI 8294:Henry VII 8279:Edward IV 8249:Edward II 8239:Henry III 8222:Richard I 8183:William I 8104:Æthelstan 7900:1422–1453 7858:Edward IV 7848:Edward IV 7737:158251523 7096:: 65–79. 7043:6 January 6160:Tout 1891 6148:Tout 1891 6012:(1): 71. 5930:Cambridge 5782:male line 5105:Henry VII 4843:Edward IV 3913:Wakefield 3879:Wakefield 3182:"Hotspur" 2282:See also 2279:=Executed 2261:Aquitaine 2218:Genealogy 2115:Edward IV 2085:Carl Wery 2000:from the 1853:Agincourt 1532:Lancaster 1509:Salisbury 1445:, 1444–45 1408:Sevenoaks 1388:Jack Cade 1246:, 1444–45 1211:Praguerie 1200:Armagnacs 895:, at the 810:retainers 800:in 1450. 778:Aquitaine 482:Signature 456:Lancaster 403:, England 338:Contender 328:1422–1435 306:Successor 239:1422–1429 212:Edward IV 208:Successor 175:2nd reign 164:1st reign 138:Miniature 10239:Louis XV 10224:Henry IV 10165:Henry II 10145:Louis XI 10096:Philip V 10071:Louis IX 10051:Louis VI 10046:Philip I 10002:Louis IV 9992:Robert I 9962:Louis II 9927:Bosonids 9803:Clovis I 9716:Category 9642:See also 9523:Sandwich 9149:Edward V 9129:Henry VI 9121:Monarchs 8737:George V 8727:Victoria 8702:George I 8571:James VI 8556:James IV 8546:James II 8519:David II 8514:Robert I 8503:Margaret 8437:Duncan I 8346:Donald I 8284:Edward V 8274:Henry VI 8264:Henry IV 8244:Edward I 8210:Henry II 8109:Edmund I 8098:Ælfweard 8056:monarchs 8050:Scottish 7761:Henry VI 7752:Henry VI 7686:(1911). 7667:Henry VI 7654:(eds.). 7640:(1891). 7587:(1981). 7565:(1992). 7461:archived 7158:(p. 181) 6985:ProQuest 6741:Mémoires 6714:48578632 6614:(2011). 6584:(2014). 6545:26 April 6395:12208181 6264:(2008). 6095:(1854). 5774:Henry IV 5748:See also 5160:Edward V 4149:Edgecote 3755:Henry VI 3300:Humphrey 2867:Henry IV 2177:Henry VI 2131:Henry VI 2111:Henry VI 2107:Henry VI 2015:(1471). 1951:his cure 1949:such as 1934:Miracles 1802:Mémoires 1724:Burgundy 1709:Louis XI 1586:Scotland 1552:James II 1544:Scotland 1423:Bordeaux 1419:Henry II 1380:Normandy 1324:and the 1284:Normandy 1181:Marriage 1116:met) to 1046:, whose 1037:Cardinal 935:wrote a 802:Factions 782:Normandy 758:nobility 700:disputed 692:Henry VI 643:Henry VI 633:Henry VI 578:Henry IV 226:See list 126:Henry VI 10372:italics 10314:Henry V 10125:John II 10086:Louis X 10041:Henry I 10012:Louis V 10007:Lothair 9997:Rudolph 9952:Louis I 9823:Guntram 9583:Edgcote 9568:Piltown 9538:Worksop 9011:William 9003:Charles 8939:Charles 8931:Charles 8867:Richard 8835:Richard 8655:Mary II 8561:James V 8541:James I 8477:David I 8442:Macbeth 8374:Eochaid 8269:Henry V 8204:Matilda 8198:Stephen 8193:Henry I 8054:British 8048:, 8046:English 7827:Henry V 7769:at the 7696:(ed.). 7557:: 5–12. 7531:4054134 7486:(ed.). 7110:3507973 6522:169–170 5922:(ed.). 5889:Sources 5867:street. 5816:of the 5176:Yorkist 4961:† 4953:Yorkist 4916:† 4881:, then 4879:Yorkist 4866:Yorkist 4819:, then 4817:Yorkist 4270:† 4260:, then 4258:Yorkist 4237:† 4227:, then 4225:Yorkist 4201:† 3908:† 3900:Yorkist 3868:Yorkist 3842:† 3816:Yorkist 3799:† 3277:Henry V 2269:† 2069:series 2045:in film 1975:Windsor 1849:Henry V 1789:Richard 1525:Loveday 1451:Ireland 1334:Ireland 1224:Gascony 887:by the 873:deposed 831:of the 707:Henry V 623:Henry V 432: 420: 360:England 202:Henry V 156:more... 140:in the 83:scholar 10091:John I 9603:Barnet 9578:Hexham 9563:Towton 9496:Events 8995:Edward 8987:George 8971:George 8955:George 8915:Edward 8910:(1511) 8891:Arthur 8883:Edward 8875:Edward 8859:Edward 8827:Edward 8566:Mary I 8447:Lulach 8411:Amlaíb 8405:Cuilén 8395:Indulf 8321:Philip 8316:Mary I 8119:Eadwig 8114:Eadred 7969:Vacant 7947:Vacant 7809: 7735: 7729:750667 7727: 7624: 7597: 7573: 7529: 7510:Albion 7496: 7432:(p. 7) 7428: 7154: 7108: 7071: 7015: 6987: 6762: 6712: 6624: 6594: 6393: 6309: 6272: 6039: 5987: 5200: 5179: 4957: 4912: 4886: 4824: 4275:Barnet 4266: 4242:Barnet 4233: 4206:Towton 4197: 4173: 4141: 4130:Hexham 4122: 3904: 3871: 3838: 3795: 2265: 2161:; 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Henry VI of England

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