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56:
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626:, to which he consented with reluctance, was undertaken in October 1428. Having assured himself that Philip was prepared to desert him, Bedford sent orders to his army to raise the siege in April 1429. He then acted with great energy and judgment in attempting to stem the tide of disasters which followed this failure, strengthened his hold upon Paris, and sent to England for reinforcements; but before any engagement took place he visited Rouen, where he sought to bind the Normans closer to England, and after his return to Paris resigned the French regency to Philip of Burgundy in accordance with the wish of the Parisians.
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office in
December 1433, when his demands with regard to a continual council were conceded. Bedford, who was anxious to prosecute the war in France, left England again in 1434, but early in 1435 was obliged to consent to the attendance of English representatives at a congress held to arrange terms of peace at Arras. Unable to consent to the French terms the English envoys left Arras in September, and Philip of Burgundy made a separate treaty with France.
1628:
1505:
1471:
610:. But in spite of the efforts of the protector the good understanding between England and Burgundy was partially destroyed when Gloucester invaded Hainaut in October 1424. The ambition of his brother gave Bedford trouble in another direction also; for on his return from Hainaut Gloucester quarrelled with the chancellor,
532:, and after resigning the wardenship he began to take a leading part in the royal councils. He acted as lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's expedition to France in 1415. In August 1416, he commanded the ships which defeated the French fleet at the mouth of the Seine, and was instrumental in relieving
621:
Bedford then promised to act in accordance with the will of the council, and in harmony with the decision of this body raised a body of troops and returned to France in March 1427. Having ordered
Gloucester to desist from a further attack on Hainaut, he threatened Brittany and compelled Duke John to
605:
Bedford sought to restore prosperity to the districts under his rule by reforming the debased coinage, granting privileges to merchants and manufacturers, and removing various abuses. He then granted some counties to Philip to check the growing hostility between him and
Gloucester, and on 17 August
499:
John gained his early experiences in warfare when he undertook the office of warden of the east marches of
Scotland in 1404; he was fairly successful in this command. By the middle of 1404, his pay was in arrear, his troops were mutinous, he was in a disaffected country, and was engaged in constant
412:
in 1388, the year before his birth. Upon the death of John of Gaunt, Richard II did not allow
Bolingbroke to inherit his father's duchy of Lancaster. That year Bolingbroke, with help from the nobility, was able to gather supporters and deposed Richard II, who later died of starvation either by his
976:
during the reign of Henry VI. Richard went abroad in
November 1440. Between their marriage and Isabel's death reportedly in 1443, the couple were involved in several real estate transactions, including her inheritance of property from Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon. Richard's last known transaction was
540:
to trial and was present at his execution. He appears to have governed the country with considerable success until
December 1419, when he resigned his office as lieutenant and joined the king in France. Returning to England, he undertook the lieutenancy for the third time in June 1421, and in the
662:
His next act was to secure an inquiry into the national finances; and when asked by the parliament to stay in
England he declared that his services were at the king's disposal. As chief councillor he offered to take a smaller salary than had been previously paid to Gloucester, and undertook this
671:
Richard of
Bedford, the illegitimate son of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, was generally known as Richard Bastard of Bedford, which was not uncommon for illegitimate sons of noblemen in France and Devonshire, England. Richard was likely conceived before John was married in 1423. Richard's
618:, and the council implored Bedford to come to England to settle this dispute. He reached London in January 1426, and after concluding a bond of alliance with Gloucester effected a reconciliation between the duke and the chancellor; and knighted the young king, Henry VI.
515:. He received grants of the castles of the Earl of Northumberland. In April 1408, and again in April 1411, he was appointed to treat with the Scots. During the rest of his father's reign, which ended in March 1413, he continued to hold his command in the north, fortifying
652:. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. She was executed at
741:
was rich and powerful. The marriage was performed by the bishop at
Therouanne on 20 April 1433. The new duchess was only seventeen. This marriage was also childless. Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to
519:
and keeping peace as far as he was able in the east marches. Like his eldest brother, he seems to have been under the influence of the Beauforts, and acted cordially with the Earl of Westmoreland. He held the command until September 1414.
896:
541:
following May conducted the queen to join Henry in Normandy. He then took his brother's place and led the English troops to the relief of Cosne, but on hearing of the king's serious illness he left the army and hurried to his side.
589:, a union which gave the English duke a claim on lands which Philip hoped to secure for himself. Bedford, however, having allayed Philip's irritation, formed an alliance with him and with John VI, Duke of Brittany, at
930:
Between 1434 and Easter 1437, Richard married Isabel, who was married and widowed twice before. She was first the widow of John Boys, Esq. of Chaldwell, Essex. Her second marriage was to Nicholas Rickman of Ulting,
774:. By his will, made four days before his death, he left all his possessions to his wife except one castle, which was to go to his natural son Richard. His nephew, Henry VI, was to have all in remainder.
342:
Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of
881:
500:
hostilities. With the little pay that was sent to him, John borrowed money from Lord Furnival and used revenues from a grant of castles belonging to Henry Percy to maintain his forces.
648:
Retaining the government of Normandy, Bedford established himself at Rouen and directed the movements of the English forces with some success. He did not interfere to save the life of
2105:
1693:
1571:
536:. Again appointed lieutenant in July 1417, he marched against the Scots, who abandoned the siege of Berwick at his approach; and on his return to London he brought Sir
2280:
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and other places, and sought to strengthen his position by an alliance with Philip of Burgundy. This task was rendered more difficult as Gloucester had just married
17:
1576:
1866:
960:
1969:
Lobanov, Aleksandr (1 April 2015). "The Indenture of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, of 12 February 1430 and the Lancastrian Kingdom of France".
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He was joined by Henry VI in April 1430, when the regency was temporarily suspended, and he secured Henry's coronation at Paris in December 1431.
339:. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated (for the English) by the time of his death.
2551:
3691:
3616:
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1006:(1877–1903) states the marriage took place on 13 April 1423, but more recent sources agree on 13 May 1423 and one of those states Troyes (
641:, both from Paris (from the "Bedford Master" and his workshop) and England. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the
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in France. But when Philip declined to undertake this office, it too was assumed by Bedford, who, after the death of the French king
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is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty.
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963:. She also inherited property from Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon, although the nature of their family relationship is unknown.
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743:
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55:
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645:, the Salisbury Breviary, both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 1420–23, which is English.
346:, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke
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2521:
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684:, France on 27 September 1435). He was allowed to inherit property in England and France after he was legitimized.
581:. Confining himself to the conduct of affairs in France the protector took up Henry V's work of conquest, captured
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in 2016) and acquired the castle upon the death of his father in 1435. The bequest from his father was set aside.
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Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Taylors of the Fraternity of St. John the Baptist, in the City of London
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Henry V's last wish was that Bedford should be guardian of the kingdom and of the young king, and that
311:(20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general, and statesman who commanded
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The Bedford Inventories: The Worldly Goods of John, Duke of Bedford, Regent of France, 1389–1435
413:
own will or by force. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399.
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The Hundred Years War during the reign of Henry VI: The English defeat – Its causes and impact
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358:, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict.
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1817:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press – via Internet Archive.
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1867:"Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence"
1414:
1257:
810:, as the Duke of Bedford. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the
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1531:(1984). "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Musée du Louvre".
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of the kingdom, and that in his absence the office should devolve upon his brother
554:
480:
355:
135:
2117:
1827:"John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434"
1781:(1929). "John, first duke of Bedford; his work and policy in England, 1389–1435".
1597:
1456:
622:
return to the English alliance; and the success of his troops continued until the
503:
In 1405, he wrote to inform the council of the revolt of Lord Bardolf, joined the
448:
as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. He was
365:
in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude
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41:
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61:
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Rollason, Lynda (2015). "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of (1389–1435)". In
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2012:
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The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the constitution in England, c. 1437–1509
1670:
1632:
1509:
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715:. The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Anne died of the
642:
394:
390:
298:
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73:
2240:
1467:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 616–617.
606:
1424 gained a great victory over a combined army of French and Scots at the
3540:
3426:
3010:
2294:
1945:
1847:
1730:
939:, who died between 1430 and July 1432. He was also of Chaldwell, Essex and
847:, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character
822:
814:
in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.
286:
95:
2268:
Economic and social history of Europe in the later Middle Ages (1300–1530)
932:
2090:
Guides and Handbooks (revised 3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1984:
952:
649:
343:
2634:
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John of Lancaster was born on 20 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later
285:
John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, Knight of the Garter, kneels before
2529:
2113:
1822:
1615:
1492:
453:
405:
1554:
573:. Meanwhile the English parliament had decided that Bedford should be
3402:
1653:
Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of a Medieval Occupation
1333:
1262:. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 491.
1259:
Magna Carta ancestry : a study in colonial and medieval families
986:
755:
637:
was founded under his auspices. He was an important commissioner of
354:. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a
3498:
3436:
1546:
940:
676:, legitimized Richard on 30 August 1434 (which was recorded at the
630:
533:
449:
103:
2184:
Sprey, Ilicia J. (2002). "John, Duke of Bedford (1389–1435)". In
1631:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1508:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1474:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
936:
906:
864:
404:
His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin,
207:
1722:
887:
Coat of arms of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, detail from
569:, and compelled all present to take an oath of fidelity to King
2080:(1996). E. B. Pryde; D. E. Greenway; S. Porter; I. Roy (eds.).
1329:. Vol. 1. London, England: Harrison and Sons. p. 619.
1299:
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
982:
978:
712:
590:
582:
558:
420:, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were
332:
1194:. "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. 165–67.
948:
767:
681:
653:
99:
65:
528:
In May 1413, his brother, now King Henry V, had created him
1205:"Today in History: May 30, Joan of Arc burned at the stake"
464:
1710:
History of England and France under the House of Lancaster
1239:
Archaeologia Or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity
1175:
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1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
2191:
Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272–1485
1515:
1339:
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1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1007:
972:
Richard became an honorary member in 1436 to 1437 of the
2572:
2169:. Brief Histories (revised ed.). London: Robinson.
1994:"The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration"
2167:
The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337–1453
1162:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1044:
1580:(online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1090:
1080:
1078:
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on 14 September 1435, and was buried in the choir of
439:
1399:. Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council. p. 20.
1138:
1114:
1102:
408:, when his father participated in the revolt of the
1521:"Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?–1432"
1395:Priestley, E.J. (1979). "8: Shakespeare's Battle".
1369:
1357:
2143:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
1069:
1676:Conquest: The English Kingdom of France 1417–1450
1345:
1302:(2nd ed.). Douglas Richardson. p. 549.
1126:
834:covers his life from Henry V's death to his own.
737:, and the regent. It was a strategic move as the
3593:
2749:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
1784:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
998:Several authoritative sources are cited by the
911:label of five points per pale ermine and France
869:label of five points per pale ermine and France
1803:
1624:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1501:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1411:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family"
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
565:in October 1422, presided at a session of the
2545:
2040:"A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 1389–1435"
1251:
1249:
977:when he witnessed the will of John Fisher of
593:in April 1423, and himself arranged to marry
1902:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1223:
902:Arms of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford:
2213:. Reports of the Research Committee of the
1276:
587:Jacqueline, Countess of Holland and Hainaut
494:
3527:
2552:
2538:
1295:
1255:
1246:
507:, warden of the west marches, and met the
54:
3216:
3124:
3041:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
3011:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
2854:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
2813:
2208:
2052:
1892:
1753:
1569:
1394:
1144:
859:As a son of the sovereign, John bore the
729:, arranged a marriage between his niece,
301:, formerly in the Duke's private library.
3063:
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2279:
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2130:
1703:
1451:
1179:
1156:
1063:
280:
155:
27:15th-century English prince and nobleman
3662:Heirs presumptive to the English throne
3363:
3252:
3185:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
3021:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
2975:
2718:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
2649:
2257:. Vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2137:The Oxford Companion to British History
2104:
2076:
1991:
1968:
1916:
1777:
1647:
1577:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
746:(later Earl Rivers). Her eldest child,
64:of "wood stocks" (tree-stumps) and his
14:
3594:
3477:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
3384:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
3325:
2301:
2247:
2161:
1669:
600:
505:Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
18:John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford
3526:
3496:
3400:
3362:
3324:
3283:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
3251:
3215:
3123:
3062:
3046:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
2974:
2916:
2812:
2773:
2734:
2680:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
2648:
2571:
2533:
2457:24 November 1414 – 14 September 1435
2254:The Constitutional History of England
2194:. Greenwood Press. pp. 291–293.
2183:
2037:
2019:
1923:Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461
1864:
1821:
1729:
1527:
1351:
1322:
687:Richard succeeded to the lordship of
666:
523:
422:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
185:
3548:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
3165:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
2994:Margaret of France, Queen of England
2695:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
2574:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
2492:21 October 1425 – 14 September 1435
1944:
1604:
1481:
1382:
1363:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
597:, a sister of the Burgundian duke.
444:After his father's accession to the
323:. Bedford was the third son of King
3617:15th-century English Navy personnel
3473:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
3457:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
3447:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
3170:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
3160:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
3006:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
2351:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2029:(Thesis). Department of History of
1572:"John, duke of Bedford (1389–1435)"
1458:"Bedford, Earls and Dukes of"
1436:Bedford Book of Hours armorial coat
1032:"John Plantagenet, duke of Bedford"
1024:
452:on 12 October 1399 at his father's
397:, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King
376:
151:
24:
3288:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2844:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
2633:
2611:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
1797:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1929.tb00551.x
1699:from the original on 12 June 2018.
1640:
475:from 1403 to 1414. He was created
440:Acquisitions, knighted, and titles
306:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
25:
3728:
3271:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
2516:26 July 1426 – 14 September 1435
2328:
2119:The Dictionary of English History
633:between 1422 and 1432, where the
289:who wears the blue mantle of the
202:Richard of Bedford (illegitimate)
3692:People of the Hundred Years' War
3622:15th-century English politicians
3089:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
2700:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
2430:16 May 1414 – 14 September 1435
2403:16 May 1414 – 14 September 1435
2215:Society of Antiquaries of London
1951:England in the Later Middle Ages
1626:
1621:Dictionary of National Biography
1503:
1498:Dictionary of National Biography
1469:
1340:Library of Congress staff (2014)
895:
880:
777:
772:Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Rouen
3712:Children of Henry IV of England
3560:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
2336:"Biography of Bedford, duke of"
2062:(revised ed.). Routledge.
1444:
1429:
1403:
1388:
1323:Clode, Charles Matthew (1875).
1316:
1197:
1185:
992:
966:
924:
798:, as John of Lancaster, and in
463:He was appointed master of the
319:during a critical phase of the
181:
147:
3717:Medieval governors of Guernsey
3180:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
2083:Handbook of British Chronology
1763:. Cambridge University Press.
1242:. Soc. 1860. pp. 146–148.
1008:Library of Congress staff 2014
13:
1:
3687:Male Shakespearean characters
3677:Lord high admirals of England
3612:14th-century English nobility
3401:
3309:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
2839:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
2713:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
2690:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
2670:William IX, Count of Poitiers
2286:My Lord of Bedford, 1389–1435
2188:; William B. Robison (eds.).
1972:The English Historical Review
1928:New Oxford History of England
1397:The Battle of Shrewsbury 1403
1017:
947:. Isabel inherited manors in
871:, which are published in the
863:of his father King Henry IV,
703:John's first marriage was to
629:Bedford had been Governor in
487:in 1414 by his brother, King
60:The Duke of Bedford with his
3497:
3293:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
2310:Yale English Monarchs series
1842:(2): 235–251 (1–17 in PDF).
1682:. Harvard University Press.
1598:UK public library membership
1296:Richardson, Douglas (2011).
1256:Richardson, Douglas (2005).
698:
579:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
426:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
7:
2135:; Robert Crowcroft (eds.).
2116:& F.S. Pulling (eds.).
2048:. Vol. 10, no. 7.
1992:Lobanov, Aleksandr (2016).
1954:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
1930:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1739:. London: Frontline Books.
1519:staff (16 December 2014) .
735:Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol
93:14 September 1435 (aged 46)
10:
3733:
3682:Lords Protector of England
3637:Burials at Rouen Cathedral
2631:
2273:Frederick Ungar Publishing
2020:Moore, Terence R. (1982).
1899:The Reign of King Henry VI
1865:Evans, Michael R. (1992).
544:
416:John's eldest sibling was
262:Anglo-Scottish border wars
3576:
3535:
3522:
3505:
3492:
3452:Anne of York, Lady Howard
3409:
3396:
3371:
3358:
3333:
3320:
3260:
3247:
3224:
3211:
3132:
3119:
3071:
3058:
3016:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
2983:
2970:
2925:
2912:
2821:
2808:
2782:
2769:
2743:
2730:
2657:
2644:
2598:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
2580:
2567:
2518:
2509:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2477:
2459:
2450:
2432:
2423:
2405:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2349:
2312:. Yale University Press.
2209:Stratford, Jenny (1993).
1488:"John of Lancaster"
974:Guild of Merchant Taylors
509:Archbishop Richard Scrope
335:of France for his nephew
275:
271:
257:
247:
242:
238:
228:
218:
206:
196:
124:
109:
89:
81:
53:
39:
34:
3627:Peers created by Henry V
2110:"Bedford, John, Duke of"
2088:Royal Historical Society
1874:Reading Medieval Studies
1713:(2nd ed.). London:
917:
761:
752:queen consort of England
511:and the other rebels on
495:Warden of the East March
473:Warden of the East March
361:Bedford died during the
3145:Edward the Black Prince
1464:Encyclopædia Britannica
1037:Encyclopædia Britannica
854:
849:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
731:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
707:(d. 1432), daughter of
639:illuminated manuscripts
393:. He was a grandson of
169:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
3529:Richard III of England
2638:
2522:The Earl of Huntingdon
1848:10.3917/annor.622.0235
1606:Tout, Thomas Frederick
1586:10.1093/ref:odnb/14844
1570:Stratford, J. (2011).
844:The Lady of the Rivers
691:, France (merged into
302:
96:Castle of Joyeux Repos
3672:Knights of the Garter
3218:Richard II of England
3126:Edward III of England
3084:Edward III of England
3031:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
2827:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
2815:John, King of England
2788:Berengaria of Navarre
2705:John, King of England
2637:
2059:The Hundred Years War
1002:Name Authority File.
904:Royal arms of England
873:Bedford Book of Hours
467:and falcons in 1402,
371:Charles VII of France
350:and his faction, the
295:Illuminated miniature
284:
3632:15th-century regents
3138:Philippa of Hainault
3094:Eleanor of Woodstock
3065:Edward II of England
3036:Edward II of England
2958:Katherine of England
2919:Henry III of England
2834:Henry III of England
2776:Richard I of England
2737:Henry the Young King
2685:Richard I of England
2675:Henry the Young King
2663:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2561:House of Plantagenet
2364:House of Plantagenet
2361:Cadet branch of the
1835:Annales de Normandie
1814:The Complete Peerage
812:Battle of Shrewsbury
727:bishop of Thérouanne
711:, on 13 May 1423 in
616:Bishop of Winchester
469:Constable of England
458:Knight of the Garter
154:; died
3657:Governors of Jersey
3564:Richard of Eastwell
3510:no consort or issue
3415:Elizabeth Woodville
3365:Henry VI of England
3346:Henry VI of England
3339:Catherine of Valois
3303:Philippa of England
3254:Henry IV of England
2977:Edward I of England
2948:Beatrice of England
2943:Margaret of England
2938:Edward I of England
2931:Eleanor of Provence
2889:Bartholomew FitzRoy
2862:Joan, Lady of Wales
2849:Isabella of England
2756:William Plantagenet
2651:Henry II of England
2621:Mary of Shaftesbury
2603:William FitzEmpress
2593:Henry II of England
2302:Wolffe, B. (2001).
1655:. Clarendon Press.
1517:Library of Congress
1159:, pp. 616–617.
1000:Library of Congress
784:William Shakespeare
748:Elizabeth Woodville
739:House of Luxembourg
723:Louis of Luxembourg
674:Henry VI of England
601:Campaigns in France
571:Henry VI of England
325:Henry IV of England
291:Order of the Garter
223:Henry IV of England
3697:Regents of England
3667:House of Lancaster
3556:John of Gloucester
3327:Henry V of England
3298:Blanche of England
3278:Henry V of England
3235:Isabella of Valois
3077:Isabella of France
2989:Eleanor of Castile
2639:
2505:The Duke of Exeter
2497:Political offices
2488:Honour of Richmond
2467:Title next held by
2440:Title next held by
2413:Title next held by
2386:Peerage of England
2356:House of Lancaster
2038:Myers, A. (1960).
1985:10.1093/ehr/cev044
1592:on 10 August 2018.
1099:, pp. 31, 42.
719:in Paris in 1432.
667:Richard of Bedford
635:University of Caen
608:Battle of Verneuil
567:Parlement of Paris
524:Military campaigns
348:Philip of Burgundy
321:Hundred Years' War
303:
266:Hundred Years' War
252:Kingdom of England
3702:Regents of France
3652:Earls of Richmond
3589:
3588:
3572:
3571:
3518:
3517:
3488:
3487:
3481:Grace Plantagenet
3462:Catherine of York
3422:Elizabeth of York
3392:
3391:
3377:Margaret of Anjou
3354:
3353:
3316:
3315:
3243:
3242:
3207:
3206:
3193:John de Southeray
3150:Isabella de Coucy
3115:
3114:
3099:Joan of the Tower
3054:
3053:
3026:Mary of Woodstock
2966:
2965:
2953:Edmund Crouchback
2908:
2907:
2804:
2803:
2765:
2764:
2758:(died in infancy)
2726:
2725:
2629:
2628:
2528:
2527:
2519:Succeeded by
2512:Lord High Admiral
2379:14 September 1435
2319:978-0-300-08926-4
2224:978-0-85431-261-0
2201:978-0-313-29124-1
2176:978-1-84119-678-7
2154:978-0-19-967783-2
2141:Oxford Companions
2097:978-0-521-56350-5
2069:978-0-415-26131-9
2031:McGill University
1961:978-0-415-27293-3
1937:978-0-19-822816-5
1909:978-0-520-04372-5
1857:978-2-902239-28-3
1770:978-0-521-31874-7
1746:978-1-84832-765-8
1736:The Agincourt War
1689:978-0-674-06560-4
1662:978-0-19-822642-0
1596:(Subscription or
1309:978-1-4610-4520-5
1269:978-0-8063-1759-5
1123:, pp. 34–36.
1111:, pp. 31–32.
961:Humphrey Haughton
933:Bishop's Ockendon
754:as the spouse of
744:Richard Woodville
709:John the Fearless
446:throne of England
418:Henry of Monmouth
363:congress of Arras
279:
278:
113:30 September 1435
35:John of Lancaster
16:(Redirected from
3724:
3642:Dukes of Bedford
3524:
3523:
3494:
3493:
3442:Margaret of York
3398:
3397:
3360:
3359:
3322:
3321:
3249:
3248:
3213:
3212:
3121:
3120:
3060:
3059:
2972:
2971:
2914:
2913:
2874:Geoffrey FitzRoy
2810:
2809:
2796:Philip of Cognac
2771:
2770:
2732:
2731:
2646:
2645:
2569:
2568:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2502:Preceded by
2478:Preceded by
2453:Earl of Richmond
2380:
2373:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2323:
2298:
2276:
2258:
2244:
2217:. Vol. 49.
2205:
2180:
2158:
2127:
2101:
2073:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2016:
1998:
1988:
1979:(543): 302–317.
1965:
1941:
1913:
1889:
1871:
1861:
1831:
1825:(19 June 2012).
1818:
1800:
1774:
1750:
1726:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1666:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1613:
1611:"Henry IV"
1601:
1593:
1588:. Archived from
1566:
1524:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:on 17 March 2018
1413:. Archived from
1407:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1293:
1274:
1273:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1145:Stratford (2011)
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1042:
1041:
1028:
1011:
996:
990:
970:
964:
959:from her cousin
928:
899:
884:
839:Philippa Gregory
807:Henry VI, Part 1
795:Henry IV, Part 2
789:Henry IV, Part 1
705:Anne of Burgundy
689:La Haye-du-Puits
656:on 30 May 1431.
624:Siege of Orléans
595:Anne of Burgundy
557:, should act as
555:Duke of Burgundy
481:Earl of Richmond
389:) and his wife,
377:Birth and family
367:a separate peace
356:war of attrition
243:Military service
189:
187:
183:
159:
157:
153:
149:
136:Anne of Burgundy
72:(miniature from
58:
32:
31:
21:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3647:Earls of Kendal
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3568:
3531:
3514:
3501:
3484:
3467:Bridget of York
3405:
3388:
3367:
3350:
3329:
3312:
3256:
3239:
3230:Anne of Bohemia
3220:
3203:
3175:Mary of Waltham
3155:Joan of England
3128:
3111:
3067:
3050:
2979:
2962:
2921:
2904:
2901:William de Forz
2867:Richard FitzRoy
2817:
2800:
2778:
2761:
2739:
2722:
2653:
2640:
2625:
2586:Empress Matilda
2576:
2563:
2558:
2524:
2515:
2507:
2491:
2483:
2468:
2465:
2456:
2441:
2438:
2429:
2414:
2411:
2402:
2399:Duke of Bedford
2374:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2225:
2202:
2177:
2155:
2098:
2070:
2026:
1996:
1962:
1938:
1910:
1894:Griffiths, R.A.
1869:
1858:
1829:
1811:, eds. (1912).
1791:(20): 110–113.
1771:
1747:
1705:Brougham, Henry
1696:
1690:
1679:
1663:
1643:
1641:Further reading
1638:
1627:
1595:
1504:
1470:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1294:
1277:
1270:
1254:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1192:Pernoud, RĂ©gine
1190:
1186:
1180:Chisholm (1911)
1178:
1163:
1157:Chisholm (1911)
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1070:
1064:Chisholm (1911)
1062:
1045:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:
997:
993:
971:
967:
929:
925:
920:
913:
900:
891:
885:
857:
832:Brother Bedford
828:Brenda Honeyman
818:Georgette Heyer
780:
764:
701:
693:La Haye, Manche
669:
603:
551:Philip the Good
547:
530:Duke of Bedford
526:
497:
485:Duke of Bedford
442:
410:Lords Appellant
387:King of England
379:
331:, and acted as
264:
192:
191:
179:
175:
172:
171:
161:
145:
141:
138:
120:
117:Rouen Cathedral
114:
94:
77:
71:
44:
42:Duke of Bedford
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3554:Illegitimate:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:Cecily of York
3429:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:Jane Northland
3195:
3191:Illegitimate:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:Illegitimate:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:Philip FitzRoy
2896:
2895:Isabel FitzRoy
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:Osbert Gifford
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:Oliver FitzRoy
2869:
2864:
2860:Illegitimate:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:Illegitimate:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2711:Illegitimate:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:Illegitimate:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2426:Earl of Kendal
2421:
2420:
2417:George Neville
2412:
2409:
2404:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2330:
2329:External links
2327:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2299:
2281:Williams, E.C.
2277:
2259:
2245:
2223:
2206:
2200:
2181:
2175:
2159:
2153:
2128:
2102:
2096:
2074:
2068:
2050:
2035:
2017:
1989:
1966:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1914:
1908:
1890:
1862:
1856:
1819:
1801:
1775:
1769:
1751:
1745:
1727:
1701:
1688:
1667:
1661:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1602:
1567:
1547:10.2307/766962
1525:
1513:
1479:
1455:, ed. (1911).
1453:Chisholm, Hugh
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1428:
1402:
1387:
1385:, p. 434.
1368:
1366:, p. 433.
1356:
1344:
1332:
1315:
1308:
1275:
1268:
1245:
1222:
1196:
1184:
1182:, p. 617.
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1087:, p. 427.
1068:
1066:, p. 616.
1043:
1040:. 27 May 1999.
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
991:
965:
945:Cambridgeshire
922:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
901:
894:
892:
886:
879:
856:
853:
782:He appears in
779:
776:
763:
760:
733:, daughter of
700:
697:
668:
665:
612:Henry Beaufort
602:
599:
575:Lord Protector
546:
543:
538:John Oldcastle
525:
522:
496:
493:
477:Earl of Kendal
441:
438:
378:
375:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
259:
255:
254:
249:
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2051:
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2045:History Today
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1480:
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778:In literature
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769:
766:John died in
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455:
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315:'s armies in
314:
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299:Bedford Hours
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74:Bedford Hours
70:
69:A Vous Entier
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3541:Anne Neville
3509:
3427:Mary of York
3287:
2892:Maud FitzRoy
2877:John FitzRoy
2510:
2486:
2471:Edmund Tudor
2469:
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2442:
2433:
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2415:
2406:
2397:
2393:New creation
2392:
2376:
2372:20 June 1389
2369:
2362:
2354:
2340:Archontology
2339:
2304:
2289:. Longmans.
2285:
2271:. New York:
2267:
2263:Thompson, J.
2253:
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2190:
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2022:
2004:
2000:
1976:
1970:
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1922:
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1813:
1788:
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1759:
1735:
1709:
1675:
1652:
1619:
1590:the original
1575:
1541:(1): 39–50.
1538:
1532:
1496:
1462:
1445:Bibliography
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1405:
1396:
1390:
1359:
1352:Smith (1984)
1347:
1335:
1325:
1318:
1298:
1258:
1238:
1213:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
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1026:
994:
968:
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910:
868:
858:
842:
837:In the 2011
836:
831:
823:My Lord John
821:
816:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
765:
721:
702:
686:
678:tabellionage
670:
661:
658:
647:
628:
620:
604:
548:
527:
513:Shipton Moor
502:
498:
471:in 1403 and
462:
443:
415:
403:
380:
360:
341:
305:
304:
287:Saint George
85:20 June 1389
68:
40:
29:
3607:1435 deaths
3602:1389 births
3200:Joan Skerne
2133:John Cannon
2007:: 244–263.
1880:: 103–134.
1805:Cokayne, G.
1715:John Murray
1649:Allmand, C.
1616:Lee, Sidney
1529:Smith, J.C.
1493:Lee, Sidney
1383:Hunt (1892)
1364:Hunt (1892)
1133:Tout (1885)
1121:Tout (1885)
1109:Tout (1885)
1097:Tout (1885)
1085:Hunt (1892)
953:High Offley
907:differenced
865:differenced
650:Joan of Arc
352:Burgundians
344:Joan of Arc
3596:Categories
2249:Stubbs, W.
2163:Seward, D.
2122:. London:
2114:Sidney Low
2001:Proslogion
1671:Barker, J.
1600:required.)
1018:References
861:royal arms
563:Charles VI
454:coronation
406:Richard II
399:Edward III
248:Allegiance
45:Regent of
3403:Edward IV
2233:0953-7163
2186:R. Fritze
2013:2500-0926
1886:0950-3129
1823:Curry, A.
1809:Gibbs, V.
1731:Burne, A.
1563:157408009
1004:Chevalier
987:Middlesex
830:'s novel
820:'s novel
786:'s plays
756:Edward IV
750:, became
699:Marriages
460:in 1400.
297:from the
258:Conflicts
213:Lancaster
3581:Category
3499:Edward V
3437:Edward V
2305:Henry VI
2283:(1963).
2265:(1960).
2251:(1880).
2241:29900611
2165:(2003).
2108:(1910).
2056:(2001).
1948:(2003).
1946:Keen, M.
1920:(2005).
1896:(1981).
1757:(1997).
1733:(2014).
1723:26005961
1707:(1855).
1694:Archived
1673:(2012).
1651:(1983).
1608:(1892).
1485:(1892).
957:Haughton
941:Cheveley
672:cousin,
631:Normandy
534:Harfleur
450:knighted
430:Philippa
383:Henry IV
337:Henry VI
104:Normandy
3264:Wives:
3228:Wives:
2987:Wives:
2464:Extinct
2437:Extinct
2410:Extinct
2295:2376051
2124:Cassell
1618:(ed.).
1495:(ed.).
1215:21 July
1209:AP News
937:Cranham
841:novel,
801:Henry V
545:Regency
517:Berwick
489:Henry V
434:Blanche
329:Henry V
313:England
190:
178:
174:
160:
144:
140:
119:, Rouen
3539:Wife:
3413:Wife:
3375:Wife:
3337:Wife:
3136:Wife:
3075:Wife:
2929:Wife:
2825:Wife:
2786:Wife:
2747:Wife:
2661:Wife:
2584:Wife:
2461:Vacant
2434:Vacant
2407:Vacant
2375:
2316:
2293:
2239:
2231:
2221:
2198:
2173:
2151:
2094:
2066:
2011:
1958:
1934:
1906:
1884:
1854:
1807:&
1767:
1743:
1721:
1686:
1659:
1594:
1561:
1555:766962
1553:
1421:7 June
1306:
1266:
983:London
979:Fulham
955:, and
792:, and
717:plague
713:Troyes
591:Amiens
583:Meulan
559:regent
432:; and
333:regent
317:France
229:Mother
219:Father
184:
150:
125:Spouse
110:Burial
47:France
3001:Henry
2377:Died:
2370:Born:
2112:. In
2027:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1870:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1697:(PDF)
1680:(PDF)
1614:. In
1559:S2CID
1551:JSTOR
1534:Gesta
1491:. In
949:Doxey
918:Notes
909:by a
867:by a
768:Rouen
762:Death
682:Rouen
654:Rouen
369:with
208:House
198:Issue
188:)
180:(
176:
158:)
146:(
142:
100:Rouen
66:motto
3107:Adam
2314:ISBN
2291:OCLC
2237:OCLC
2229:ISSN
2219:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2149:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2064:ISBN
2009:ISSN
1956:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1882:ISSN
1852:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1719:LCCN
1684:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1423:2008
1304:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1217:2023
855:Arms
804:and
483:and
465:mews
186:1433
156:1432
152:1423
90:Died
82:Born
1981:doi
1977:130
1844:doi
1793:doi
1582:doi
1543:doi
935:in
680:in
3598::
2338:.
2308:.
2235:.
2227:.
2147:.
2145:88
2139:.
2086:.
2042:.
2005:14
2003:.
1999:.
1975:.
1926:.
1878:18
1876:.
1872:.
1850:.
1840:62
1838:.
1832:.
1787:.
1717:.
1692:.
1574:.
1557:.
1549:.
1539:23
1537:.
1461:.
1371:^
1278:^
1248:^
1225:^
1207:.
1164:^
1071:^
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1034:.
1010:).
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951:,
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875:.
851:.
758:.
725:,
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479:,
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428:;
424:;
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385:,
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309:KG
293:.
182:m.
148:m.
102:,
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2553:e
2546:t
2539:v
2342:.
2322:.
2297:.
2275:.
2243:.
2204:.
2179:.
2157:.
2126:.
2100:.
2072:.
2033:.
2015:.
1987:.
1983::
1964:.
1940:.
1912:.
1888:.
1860:.
1846::
1799:.
1795::
1789:7
1773:.
1749:.
1725:.
1665:.
1635:.
1584::
1565:.
1545::
1523:.
1512:.
1478:.
1425:.
1354:.
1342:.
1312:.
1272:.
1219:.
1147:.
989:.
76:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
