218:
716:(who were accused of supporting the NVA/VC) and the repression of Khmer peasant villagers who rioted in support of Sihanouk, misguided policies that drove the latter into the arms of Pol Pot. In the remote areas of the country, notably in the highland regions, the FANK proved incapable of restraining the Khmer Rouge's fearsome intimidation campaigns that targeted the peasantry, let alone protecting them. After mid-1971, the Republican government focused on consolidating its hold over the key urban centers, the main garrisons and the lower Mekong-Bassac corridors, thus leaving most of the countryside virtually open to Khmer Rouge recruiting drives. Whilst during the 1967â68 operations waged against the Khmer Rouge's
732:(CPNLAF) which received arms and ammunition freely from the nation's porous borders. While the CPNLAF was far smaller, the FANK High Command was always faced with the problem of how to provide adequate equipment for the swelling number of volunteers who flocked to fight the NVA and the Khmer Rouge from their dwindling stocks. As the war progressed, weapons and ammunition, not to mention training grounds, became rarer, the FANK was unable to train in-country their new recruits, leaving it an army of raw conscripts and demoralized veterans. The FANK was already placed at a strategic disadvantage since May 1970, following the seizure of the northeastern areas of the country (the provinces of
265:
253:
67:
194:
289:
206:
576:, Lon Nol assumed power when the National Assembly in Phnom Penh unanimously voted the Prince out of office. Lon Nol automatically succeeded the latter as Head of State on August 18, and although he claimed that the move was constitutionally legal, it quickly ran afoul of the conservative mentality of the Cambodians, many of whom believed that the Prince ruled through divine favour. To further aggrieve matters, Prince Sihanouk, who had sought refuge in China after being deposed, established a political base in
313:
301:
325:
277:
1294:
839:
560:). Lon also knew that Sihanouk's balancing appeasement of the US from 1968 onwards by allowing B-52 aerial bombings and âhot pursuitâ cross-border raids against NVA/VC base areas within Cambodia would be ineffective in stopping the wider, home-grown communist insurgency. One of the measures he was able to undertake was the build-up of a strong anti-communist faction within the FARK's officer corps that would back him should Sihanouk shift again towards the left.
229:
628:. The outcome was that the period of Lon Nol's rule actually saw an increase of North Vietnamese military presence in the lower Mekong and Bassac corridors and in the north and northeast Cambodia, particularly from 1972 onwards. In response to the earlier FANK's failed ground offensives to expel them, strong NVA units launched in turn throughout 1971-72 ferocious counter-offensives on these areas â using heavy artillery, tanks, and
241:
642:
continued to coordinate the various military aid programs, sometimes finding themselves involved in prohibited advisory and combat tasks until 1975.) The FANK, which until that date had been armed, supplied, and maintained by
American advisors and technicians, now faced a new reality in which they had to repair their own equipment and train their troops as best as they could with far less of a budget.
461:
1190:
from external threats. Upon Lon Nol's coup in March 1970, the
Cambodian military establishment was renamed FANK, thus becoming the official armed forces of the new regime, the Khmer Republic. The roles defined for the reorganized FANK were essentially the same as before, except that now they had to
641:
which marked the official end of
American direct involvement on combat operations in Vietnam. The Accords hit both the Khmer Republic and South Vietnam hard, as the military and financial aid that they received from the US was cut by over fifty percent (though American military personnel in Cambodia
543:
in the 1966 general elections, Gen. Lon was elected Prime-Minister, thereby locking the state institutions under the firm grip of the military, just as
Sihanouk had apprehended. However, he resigned from the post in 1967 after a car accident, only to return two years later when the monarch mounted a
701:, Lon Nol proved unable to halt the illegal build-up of North Vietnamese forces in the lower Mekong-Bassac area in preparation for a renewed offensive in neighbouring South Vietnam. He also failed to engage in a properly coordinated war effort with either the American CIA or the Southern Vietnamese
623:
launched that same year against NVA/VC sanctuaries in
Cambodia, resulted in a heavy backlash. In reality, the newly created Khmer Republic and its ill-prepared armed forces were soon caught off-guard in the early 1970s by the aggressive reaction of the NVA, which had previously limited its actions
801:
and other Khmer
Republic officials could not coordinate an effective resistance and at the same time feed the refugees and residents of Phnom Penh. On April 1, Marshal Lon Nol resigned from the Presidency and left the Country by plane to Thailand, although most of the senior civilian and military
595:
Lon Nol also had to deal with a number of dissident FARK senior officers whom, though sharing most of his views, felt that the overthrow of
Sihanouk had been one step too far. Many of these royalist officers resigned in protest from the armed forces' structure when Gen. Lon proceeded to transform
825:
occupied the area for a few weeks in late April 1975, following the collapse of the Lon Nol regime. Even though their government had surrendered, FANK soldiers continued to fiercely hold their ground for nearly a month after the fall of Phnom Penh against several unsuccessful attempts by Khmer
547:
As a representative of the conservative Khmer who had supported the French rule, Lon Nol never accepted
Sihanouk's neutralist policy of non-alignment. Though the Prince's sporadic purges of leftist movements would quench Lon's wrath at the growing communist insurgency, what truly worried him was
1599:
Chinese instructor pilots from Taiwan were posted on loan at the KAF Battambang Air
Academy to train its pilots whereas Khmer cadets and air crews were sent for L-19, 0-1, UH-1, T-28, AC-47, EC-47, AU-24, and C-123 training to South Vietnam, Thailand, and the United States. Most of the advanced
690:
to recruit peasants from the villages on the rural areas under their control that otherwise would have been uninterested. In addition, many politically moderate
Cambodians came to dislike Lon Nol's authoritarian (and unstable) republican regime, due to his corrupt ways and oppressive rule that
526:
Most of the senior members of the Officer corps had been officials in the colonial regime. Lon Nol, for example, served as Commander of the Cambodian Police under the French protectorate. In 1955 Gen. Lon was promoted to Chief-of-Staff of the FARK, and in 1960 was appointed Minister of Defense.
685:
The creation of the Chinese-sponsored FUNK coalition by Sihanouk and the lending of his popular support to the anti-Republican insurgency gave it greater legitimacy in the eyes of the pro-Sihanoukist Cambodian peasantry, many of whom began to flock into its ranks. This move inadvertently also
670:âs aviation capabilities. As a result, were forced on to the defensive from 1971 onwards, focusing on the defense of major populated areas including reinforcing the capital while leaving the countryside under communist control. A failed attempt to recover the lost momentum in
724:
Lon Nol could rely on the peasantry's loyalty to Prince Sihanouk, he was now alone. His deteriorating army, reduced to a garrison force confined to the main cities, was increasingly regarded as the military wing of the Phnom Penh regime rather than of the nation itself.
2248:
1125:
The 6th MR and its regional HQ at Kratie were lost permanently upon the desertion of the local Cambodian garrison troops to the enemy soon after the beginning of hostilities. A special military zone for the lower Mekong River, designated the
611:(NVA) and Vietcong units to vacate the bases they had established on Khmer soil, and prevented arms shipments bound to the Vietcong from being unloaded at Cambodian sea ports. These same measures however, coupled by the effects of the joint
518:
since September 1950, the armed forces of the new Kingdom of Cambodia (Forces armées royales khmÚres, FARK) were formed mainly by Khmer regular soldiers recently transferred from French colonial units, though ex-Vietminh and former
1186:â MRK). Their roles were defined as follows: to guarantee the sovereignty of the nation and that of the King; to ensure internal security by maintaining the social order and the rule of law; and to defend the newly independent
826:
Rouge forces to reduce this last holdout. The Khmer Rouge finally succeeded on May 22, after shelling the hill where the temple stands, scaling it, and routing the defenders, as Thai officials reported at the time.
1439:
632:
surface-to-air missiles for the first time in Cambodia â, which dwarfed the Tet Offensive numerically. These massive-scale operations only served to exhaust both sides however, and led to the signing in
796:
that shattered the South's defences apart, the Khmer Rouge closed in on Phnom Penh, already overcrowded with 250,000 civilian refugees, and besieged it. President Lon Nol, FANK Commander-in-Chief Gen.
1438:. To upgrade FANK capabilities, a regimented training programme began in early 1971 in South Vietnam under American auspices. Between February 1971 and November 1972, training centers run by the
531:
alliance and under his command the FARK became a bastion of American influence on the Sihanouk regime, particularly because US military aid constituted 30% of the armed forcesâ budget until
1191:
defend the sovereignty of the Republican Government and not of the deposed Prince, and drive out all the NVA/VC forces from eastern Cambodia. The FANK comprised the following branches:
596:
with American help the old FARK into the FANK to accommodate the character of the new Republican regime. By contrast, new recruits were readily available from the ranks of the far-right
1680:
1651:
An input of fourteen Cambodian naval officers were sent to the United States to attend advanced courses at various US naval training institutions. Some eight students attended the
514:
guerrilla units still operating in Cambodia were obliged to withdraw from its territory and that a new defense force was to be raised. Trained by the French and equipped by the
822:
2306:
1244:
1455:
452:), up until Sihanouk's overthrow it was considered to have the consensual backing of the Cambodian society, as the Prince was considered the symbol of the people.
2301:
729:
1868:
1154:
The FANK's predecessor was first established on November 9, 1953 under the terms of a French-Khmer convention and initially received the designation of
886:) of unequal size roughly corresponding to the areas of the country's 23 provinces and districts. They were organized since September 1969 as follows:
748:) by the NVA in response to the Lon Nol ultimatum and the loss to the Khmer Rouge of several peripheral eastern and southwestern Cambodian provinces (
1711:
1146:, situated between the Cambodian Capital and the South Vietnamese border. Two additional military regions (8th MR and 9th MR) were created in 1973.
1458:
to re-train Cambodian Army, KAF airfield security and MNK Naval Infantry troops in basic light infantry, armour, artillery, and marine tactics.
1501:
1259:
556:, which allowed them to establish base-camps on the Cambodian side of the border with South Vietnam and built a massive supply infrastructure (
948:
1517:
1461:
More specialized training was also provided to selected FANK personnel. Paratroops' tactical courses were held at the Australian-operated
1414:
Soon after its creation in 1970, the Khmer Republic requested and received military assistance from the United States, South Vietnam, the
2239:
1489:
1174:â FARK). By the late 1950s, the FARK consisted of ground, air and naval branches of service, respectively the Royal Khmer Army (French:
964:
956:
2245:
2242:
1462:
1451:
535:, when it was renounced by the Cambodian government. Following his faction's seizure of a large number of seats of the ruling
2296:
2187:
2173:
2145:
2113:
421:
Being essentially a continuation of the old Royal armed forces under a new name, the FANK played a more partisan role in the
2040:
1716:
1549:
1529:
406:
1770:
624:
to providing support to Vietcong units operating at South Vietnam even after its devastating defeat in the January 1968
1741:
2263:
2229:
2215:
2201:
2159:
2131:
1249:
1617:
1613:
1545:
1465:
1369:
663:
1305:
850:
2291:
1609:
1469:
717:
616:
483:
1391:), which provided specialized courses for junior ranks was set up one Kilometer south of the Cambodian Capital.
802:
government officials decided to stay. Later on April 17, the armed forcesâ Chief of the General Staff Lt. Gen.
1573:
604:
which had fought against Sihanouk's regime during the 1960s and who always viewed him as a communist crony.
1726:
1721:
1706:
471:
445:
345:
131:
1652:
1629:
444:. Although the armed forces of the Kingdom had been involved since April 1967 in the suppression of the
1676:
1637:
1600:
courses and specialized training of Khmer combat pilots was conducted by Thai instructors at the RTAF
1406:â EOAS) was opened in May 1973 by the Khmer Air Force to train forward air guides (FAGs) for the Army.
607:
The measures quickly implemented by Lon Nol's administration included the issue of ultimata demanding
1760:
1668:
1333:
1006:
390:
654:
which resulted in the decimation of many elite FANK units including a few of the American trained
650:
FANK was greatly weakened early on in its inception as a result of the NVAâs counterattack during
2311:
1601:
1447:
1040:
769:
588:
leadership and other leftist opposition groups. In April 1970 these disparate groups formed the
426:
1731:
1605:
1505:
1264:
952:
818:
592:, an umbrella organization dedicated to the armed overthrow of the pro-western Khmer Republic.
430:
1664:
1477:
1036:
1032:
960:
932:
902:
813:
The last stand of the army of the ill-fated Khmer Republic in any form took place around the
807:
793:
773:
761:
757:
713:
608:
499:
1645:
1589:
1365:
1278:
1254:
1062:
1044:
733:
441:
181:
161:
8:
1701:
1696:
1684:
1656:
1641:
1473:
1345:
1223:
1195:
1187:
1096:
1070:
986:
928:
914:
898:
814:
806:
was evacuated together with his family and relatives of other officials by helicopter to
781:
745:
737:
721:
698:
679:
675:
638:
620:
422:
102:
98:
1024:
998:
910:
798:
777:
765:
671:
651:
157:
2140:(Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Historical Series), Marine Corps Association, 1990.
1088:
741:
2259:
2225:
2211:
2197:
2183:
2169:
2155:
2141:
2127:
1660:
1621:
1525:
1427:
1002:
968:
875:
753:
557:
540:
66:
2238:, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington D.C. 1980. â available online at
944:
115:
1521:
1324:
The Air Force Academy was transferred from Pochentong to the provincial capital of
702:
491:
1084:
568:
On March 17, 1970, while Sihanouk was absent from the country on a state visit to
1672:
1620:
airbases in Thailand, while others were dispatched to attend observer courses at
1557:
1513:
1415:
1399:
1341:
1268:
1227:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1167:
1143:
1118:
994:
940:
749:
667:
394:
366:
106:
93:
56:
2044:
678:
saw an already severely weakened FANK force decimated by the NVA. At the end of
527:
Meanwhile, Cambodia was admitted as a protocol state member of the US-sponsored
1784:
1569:
1349:
601:
475:
382:
358:
318:
124:
42:
2285:
1874:
1585:
1541:
810:, thus effectively ending the FANK's existence as a coherent fighting force.
803:
659:
629:
625:
600:, a US-backed anti-communist guerrilla group led by the hardline Nationalist
549:
520:
515:
503:
330:
282:
1864:
1509:
709:
695:
634:
1608:
and by American advisors of Detachment 1, 56th Special Operations Wing at
1736:
1593:
1533:
1435:
1058:
687:
597:
585:
532:
507:
306:
270:
1293:
838:
494:
to lead the government of the first post-colonial state in French-ruled
2222:
Vietnam ANZACs â Australian & New Zealand Troops in Vietnam 1962-72
2117:
1581:
1565:
1443:
1325:
1110:
982:
682:, 10 battalion worth of men & equipment was lost to the communist.
655:
120:
1577:
1560:
Recondo School co-located at Ft. Narai, Thailand. Additional SF and
1553:
1497:
1485:
1431:
1423:
1383:) was established at Chrui Chhangwar Naval Base in late 1971, and an
1020:
553:
495:
385:, a short-lived state that existed from 1970 to 1975, known today as
234:
199:
2276:
1675:; four other students attended the small boat tactics school at the
1827:
1419:
1353:
691:
curbed political and civil rights far more than Sihanouk had done.
511:
386:
378:
1633:
1625:
1537:
1493:
1357:
1329:
1328:
whilst the Officer Candidate School was moved from Phnom Penh to
612:
577:
536:
467:
464:
449:
437:
434:
146:
142:
20:
16:
Combined military forces of the Khmer Republic from 1970 to 1975
1524:, while Guerrilla and 'Commando' techniques were taught by the
1481:
1337:
1114:
581:
487:
410:
294:
246:
222:
211:
19:"Fank" redirects here. For the traditional Hungarian cake, see
2196:, Men-at-arms series 209, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1989.
2124:
When the War was over Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution
1113:, it covered the National Capital zone and its environs, the
589:
569:
528:
405:) which had been responsible for the defense of the previous
258:
1624:, South Vietnam. A small number also went to train with the
425:
that escalated following the deposition as Head of State of
1561:
573:
2256:
Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia
882:) encompassing one to ten military sub-districts (French:
712:
abuses against civilians, particularly the persecution of
2224:, Elite series 103, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2004.
460:
2166:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975
2093:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975
2080:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975
1989:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975
1976:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975
1950:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970â1975
2210:, Elite series 33, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1991.
2182:, Elite 38 series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1992.
2154:, Elite Series 29, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1990.
2108:
Arnold Issacs, Gordon Hardy, MacAlister Brown, et al.,
1911:
FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces 1970-1975
1500:. Special Forces' (SF) courses were undertaken at the
792:
In January 1975, coinciding with the North Vietnamese
523:
guerrillas of Khmer origin were also allowed to join.
1368:
was opened near Battambang in November 1972 to train
2307:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1975
2168:, Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, Djakarta 2011.
821:, close to the Thai border. Remnants of the FANK's
666:
in that same operation decimating almost all of the
2178:Kenneth Conboy, Kenneth Bowra, and Simon McCouaig,
1774:
1764:
730:
Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces
580:and entered into an alliance with the increasingly
563:
2192:Kenneth Conboy, Kenneth Bowra, and Mike Chappell,
2138:U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973â1975
874:Prior to the War, Cambodia was divided into seven
2283:
2236:The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse
1924:The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse
1853:The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse
1795:
1548:courses were conducted at the American-operated
1484:; some 60 Cambodian students were later sent to
448:'s rebellion led by Saloth Sar (better known as
1832:
1375:To train Khmer National Navy officer cadets, a
1107:RĂ©gion Militaire SpĂ©ciale de Phnom Penh â RMSPP
658:volunteer battalions recruited straight out of
1712:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Armed Forces
1512:, South Vietnam, but also in Thailand, at the
1340:. New infantry training centres were built at
2302:Military units and formations of the Cold War
48:
1440:US Army-Vietnam Individual Training Program
1182:â AVRK), and the Royal Khmer Navy (French:
728:Facing them was the FUNK's armed wing, the
34:
2112:, Boston Publishing Company, Boston 1987.
1488:to attend the Para-Commando course at the
1178:â ARK), the Royal Khmer Aviation (French:
708:Meanwhile, FANK troops committed numerous
544:renewed purge against leftist dissidents.
502:signed the following year which ended the
2277:Khmer National Armed Forces veterans site
1887:United Press International, May 23, 1975.
1659:, whilst two senior officers went to the
1564:training was undertaken respectively at
459:
2126:, Simon & Schuster, New York 1988.
878:termed 'Military Regions' (MR, French:
433:orchestrated by his own Prime-Minister
2284:
2258:, Andre Deutsch Limited, London 1979.
1785:[kÉËĆjoËtÊ°eaÊpÉlkÊ°eËmaraÊciÉt]
1284:
1160:Forces Armées Nationales Cambodgiennes
1007:Kampong Chhnang military sub-districts
2041:"Timeline - NZ's Vietnam War 1963-75"
1858:
1783:
1409:
2043:. Vietnamwar.govt.nz. Archived from
1472:(ARVN) Airborne Training Centers of
1288:
869:
833:
829:
409:since its independence in 1953 from
389:. The FANK was the successor of the
2206:Kenneth Conboy and Simon McCouaig,
2150:Gordon L. Rottman and Ron Volstad,
1717:Republic of Vietnam Military Forces
1550:Military Assistance Command Vietnam
1396:Air-Ground Operations School â AGOS
416:
13:
1742:Weapons of the Cambodian Civil War
1045:Angkor Chum military sub-districts
645:
14:
2323:
2270:
1442:(UITG) were set up at the former
1273:Corps de Fusiliers-Marins KhmĂšres
1250:Cambodian Para-Commando Battalion
1142:) was established in mid-1971 at
1097:Mondulkiri military sub-districts
1071:Ratanakiri military sub-districts
915:Svay Rieng military sub-districts
486:was granted full independence by
1516:(RTA) Special Warfare Center at
1370:Long-range reconnaissance patrol
1292:
1103:Phnom Penh Special Military Zone
837:
564:Alignment with the United States
371:Forces armées nationales khmÚres
323:
311:
299:
287:
275:
263:
251:
239:
227:
216:
204:
192:
65:
50:Forces armées nationales khmÚres
2208:South-East Asian Special Forces
2110:Pawns of War: Cambodia and Laos
2085:
2072:
2067:South-East Asian Special Forces
2059:
2033:
2028:South-East Asian Special Forces
2020:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1942:
1929:
1916:
1903:
1681:Naval Inshore Operations Center
1492:Airborne Commando School, near
1470:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
1238:
1156:Cambodian National Armed Forces
969:Koh Kong military sub-districts
718:Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea
617:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
484:French protectorate of Cambodia
1890:
1881:
1845:
1821:
1808:
1754:
1574:Naval Amphibious Base Coronado
539:party's representation at the
1:
2101:
1869:To the bitter end in Cambodia
1381:Ăcole des Officiers de Marine
1172:Forces Armées Royales KhmÚres
1136:Zone SpĂ©ciale du Mekong â ZSM
1119:Kandal military sub-districts
548:Sihanouk's covert deals with
399:Forces armées royales khmÚres
2297:Military history of Cambodia
1766:KĂąng YoĆthĂŽpĂŽl KhĂ©mĂŽrĂŽchĂ©atÄ
1727:Royal Gendarmerie (Cambodia)
1722:Royal Cambodian Armed Forces
1707:Kampuchea Revolutionary Army
1636:and attended courses at the
1556:, South Vietnam, and at the
1468:Training Center, and at the
1404:Ăcole des opĂ©rations air-sol
1385:Enlisted Man Training Center
1162:â FANC), changed in 1955 to
1069:covered the Stung Treng and
446:Communist Party of Kampuchea
346:Military history of Cambodia
7:
2194:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
2002:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1963:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1937:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1898:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1840:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1828:THE WAR IN CAMBODIA 1970-75
1816:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1803:The War in Cambodia 1970-75
1775:
1765:
1690:
1630:Naval Air Station Pensacola
1530:Police Aerial Resupply Unit
1149:
787:
355:Khmer National Armed Forces
29:Khmer National Armed Forces
10:
2328:
1677:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
1638:Royal Australian Air Force
1604:Flight Training School in
1245:Cambodian Airborne Brigade
939:covered the Kampong Speu,
909:covered the Kampong Cham,
498:. Under the terms of the
490:, allowing the young King
482:On November 20, 1953, the
455:
18:
1776:Kang Yodhabal KhemarajÄti
1679:(MINSY) and the adjacent
1552:(MACV) Recondo School at
1128:Special Mekong Zone â SMZ
784:) during that same year.
431:coup dâĂ©tat in March 1970
362:
341:
336:
187:
180:
172:
167:
152:
137:
130:
114:
92:
84:
76:
64:
35:
33:
28:
1747:
1669:Navy Supply Corps School
1334:Kampong Chhnang Province
1164:Royal Khmer Armed Forces
993:covered the Battambang,
391:Royal Khmer Armed Forces
1426:, the Philippines, the
1232:Marine nationale khmĂšre
1095:covered the Kratie and
1031:covered the Siem Reap,
427:Prince Norodom Sihanouk
2292:Disbanded armed forces
1939:(1989), pp. 15-17; 46.
1732:Royal Lao Armed Forces
1606:Nakhon Pathom Province
1506:Dong Ba Thin Base Camp
1388:
1380:
1265:Cambodian Marine Corps
1231:
1217:
1204:Armée nationale khmÚre
1203:
1180:Aviation Royale KhmĂšre
1171:
1106:
1080:
1054:
1016:
1013:Fourth Military Region
978:
924:
921:Second Military Region
894:
883:
879:
479:
398:
370:
49:
2180:The NVA and Viet Cong
2065:Conboy and McCouaig,
2026:Conboy and McCouaig,
2013:Rottman and Volstad,
1665:Newport, Rhode Island
1478:Tan Son Nhut Air Base
1360:whilst an additional
1218:ArmĂ©e de lâair khmĂšre
1109:) â headquartered at
1083:) â headquartered at
1077:Sixth Military Region
1057:) â headquartered at
1051:Fifth Military Region
1019:) â headquartered at
981:) â headquartered at
975:Third Military Region
933:Kompong Speu Province
927:) â headquartered at
903:Kampong Cham Province
897:) â headquartered at
891:First Military Region
720:(RAK) strongholds in
609:North Vietnamese Army
463:
1855:(1980), pp. 168-170.
1590:Subic Bay Naval Base
1389:Centre d'Instruction
1366:Khmer Special Forces
1279:Cambodian Navy SEALs
1255:Khmer Special Forces
1184:Marine Royale KhmĂšre
1063:Stung Treng Province
782:Svay Rieng Provinces
379:armed defense forces
377:) were the official
162:Sisowath Sirik Matak
110:National Gendarmerie
2254:William Shawcross,
1702:First Indochina War
1697:Cambodian Civil War
1685:Vallejo, California
1657:Annapolis, Maryland
1504:Training Center at
1285:Training facilities
1224:Khmer National Navy
1196:Khmer National Army
1188:Kingdom of Cambodia
1176:Armée Royale KhmÚre
987:Battambang Province
815:Preah Vihear Temple
764:, plus portions of
722:Battambang Province
699:Paris Peace Accords
694:In the wake of the
676:Operation Chenla II
662:. The NVA also hit
639:Paris Peace Accords
621:Cambodian Incursion
423:Cambodian Civil War
407:Kingdom of Cambodia
176:300,000 (at height)
103:Khmer National Navy
99:Khmer National Army
2122:Elizabeth Becker,
2069:(1991), pp. 48-50.
2004:(1989), pp. 10-11.
2000:Conboy and Bowra,
1961:Conboy and Bowra,
1935:Conboy and Bowra,
1926:(1980), pp. 48-49.
1896:Conboy and Bowra,
1838:Conboy and Bowra,
1818:(1989), pp. 10-12.
1814:Conboy and Bowra,
1801:Conboy and Bowra,
1410:Foreign assistance
1304:. You can help by
1132:12th Tactical Zone
1081:RĂ©gion Militaire 6
1055:RĂ©gion Militaire 5
1025:Siem Reap Province
1017:RĂ©gion Militaire 4
979:RĂ©gion Militaire 3
925:RĂ©gion Militaire 2
895:RĂ©gion Militaire 1
880:RĂ©gions Militaires
876:military districts
849:. You can help by
799:Sosthene Fernandez
664:Pochentong Airbase
652:Operation Chenla I
480:
138:Commander-in-Chief
2188:978-1-85532-162-5
2174:978-979-3780-86-3
2146:978-0-16-026455-9
2047:on April 22, 2023
1661:Naval War College
1642:East Sale Airbase
1622:Bien Hoa Air Base
1540:training camps.
1526:Royal Thai Police
1428:Republic of China
1322:
1321:
870:Regional Commands
867:
866:
830:Command structure
823:9th Brigade Group
819:DĂąngrĂȘk Mountains
714:ethnic Vietnamese
558:Ho Chi Minh trail
541:National Assembly
351:
350:
188:Foreign suppliers
2319:
2164:Kenneth Conboy,
2152:Vietnam Airborne
2096:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2015:Vietnam Airborne
2011:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1940:
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1927:
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1758:
1653:US Naval Academy
1532:(PARU) at their
1522:Lopburi province
1336:, just north of
1317:
1314:
1296:
1289:
1140:Zone Tactique 12
1105:(PPSMZ, French:
862:
859:
841:
834:
794:spring offensive
703:Nguyen Van Thieu
674:by embarking on
492:Norodom Sihanouk
417:General overview
364:
337:Related articles
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2095:(2011), p. 241.
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1991:(2011), p. 255.
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1514:Royal Thai Army
1416:Kingdom of Laos
1412:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1302:needs expansion
1287:
1241:
1210:Khmer Air Force
1152:
1144:Kandal Province
1089:Kratié Province
872:
863:
857:
854:
847:needs expansion
832:
790:
668:Khmer Air Force
648:
646:Civil War years
566:
510:and Vietnamese
458:
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363:ááááááááááááá¶áá·
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36:ááááááááááááá¶áá·
24:
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2312:Khmer Republic
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2271:External links
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2030:(1991), p. 15.
2019:
2017:(1990), p. 27.
2006:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1965:(1989), p. 20.
1954:
1941:
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1915:
1913:(2011), p. 19.
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2230:1-84176-702-6
2227:
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2220:Kevin Lyles,
2219:
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2216:1-85532-106-8
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1377:Naval Academy
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858:November 2022
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848:
845:This section
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504:Indochina War
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2092:
2087:
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2074:
2066:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1931:
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1918:
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1346:Kampong Speu
1323:
1310:
1306:adding to it
1301:
1272:
1260:Lake Brigade
1239:Elite forces
1183:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1155:
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1139:
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1037:Preah Vihear
1033:Kampong Thom
1028:
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929:Kampong Speu
920:
906:
899:Kampong Cham
890:
884:Subdivisions
873:
855:
851:adding to it
846:
812:
808:Kampong Thom
791:
774:Kampong Thom
762:Preah Vihear
758:Kampong Cham
727:
710:Human Rights
707:
696:January 1973
693:
686:allowed the
684:
649:
635:January 1973
606:
594:
567:
546:
525:
481:
420:
402:
374:
354:
352:
116:Headquarters
1922:Sutsakhan,
1878:, 25-04-75.
1851:Sutsakhan,
1737:Vietnam War
1594:Philippines
1534:Phitsanulok
1436:New Zealand
1364:run by the
1059:Stung Treng
949:Srakar Neak
734:Stung Treng
688:Khmer Rouge
598:Khmer Serei
586:Khmer Rouge
533:August 1964
508:French Army
442:Sirik Matak
440:and cousin
307:Philippines
271:South Korea
71:FANK emblem
2286:Categories
2118:B000UCLTO4
2102:References
1865:Fenton, J.
1671:(NSCS) in
1655:(USNA) at
1582:California
1566:Fort Bragg
1518:Fort Narai
1474:Long Thanh
1444:MIKE Force
1430:(Taiwan),
1326:Battambang
1111:Phnom Penh
999:Thmar Pouk
983:Battambang
746:Mondulkiri
738:Ratanakiri
656:Khmer Krom
630:SA-7 Grail
584:-oriented
132:Leadership
121:Phnom Penh
1663:(NWC) in
1588:, and at
1578:San Diego
1554:Nha Trang
1498:West Java
1490:Batujajar
1486:Indonesia
1432:Australia
1424:Indonesia
1387:(French:
1379:(French:
1158:(French:
1134:(French:
1079:(French:
1053:(French:
1021:Siem Reap
1015:(French:
977:(French:
965:Kep-Bokor
957:Thmar Keo
923:(French:
911:Prey Veng
893:(French:
778:Prey Veng
766:Siem Reap
680:Chenla II
554:Viet Cong
496:Indochina
472:President
235:Indonesia
200:Australia
168:Personnel
85:Disbanded
2091:Conboy,
2078:Conboy,
1987:Conboy,
1974:Conboy,
1948:Conboy,
1909:Conboy,
1691:See also
1667:and the
1646:Victoria
1463:Van Kiep
1456:Chi Lang
1452:Phuc Tuy
1448:Long HáșŁi
1420:Thailand
1354:Sisophon
1150:Branches
788:Collapse
754:Koh Kong
705:regime.
672:Chenla I
572:and the
552:and the
512:Vietminh
387:Cambodia
182:Industry
1640:(RAAF)
1634:Florida
1628:at the
1626:US Navy
1614:U-Tapao
1592:in the
1584:in the
1538:Hua Hin
1494:Bandung
1480:, near
1358:Longvek
1330:Longvek
961:Kirirom
817:in the
637:of the
619:(ARVN)
613:US Army
578:Beijing
537:Sangkum
474:of the
468:Lon Nol
465:General
456:History
450:Pol Pot
438:Lon Nol
435:General
381:of the
342:History
158:Lt Gen.
147:Lon Nol
143:Marshal
77:Founded
2262:
2249:Part 4
2246:Part 3
2243:Part 2
2240:Part 1
2228:
2214:
2200:
2186:
2172:
2158:
2144:
2130:
2116:
2051:3 June
1771:ALA-LC
1761:UNGEGN
1618:Takhli
1542:Ranger
1528:(RTP)
1482:Saigon
1454:, and
1400:French
1356:, and
1342:Kandal
1338:Oudong
1269:French
1234:, MNK)
1228:French
1220:, AAK)
1214:French
1206:, ANK)
1200:French
1168:French
1091:, the
1085:Kratié
1065:, the
1043:, and
1027:, the
1005:, and
995:Pursat
989:, the
967:, and
941:Kampot
935:, the
913:, and
905:, the
780:, and
750:Kampot
744:, and
742:Kratie
582:Maoist
488:France
411:France
395:French
367:French
328:
316:
304:
295:Taiwan
292:
280:
268:
256:
247:Israel
244:
232:
223:France
212:Canada
209:
197:
57:French
53:
39:
1748:Notes
1610:Udorn
1508:near
945:Takéo
570:China
529:SEATO
429:by a
359:Khmer
259:Japan
43:Khmer
2260:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2114:ASIN
2053:2018
1781:IPA:
1616:and
1572:and
1562:SEAL
1546:LRRP
1536:and
1502:LLDB
1476:and
1466:LRRP
1434:and
1350:Ream
1117:and
1093:MR 6
1067:MR 5
1029:MR 4
991:MR 3
937:MR 2
907:MR 1
590:FUNK
574:USSR
403:FARK
375:FANK
353:The
21:FĂĄnk
1683:at
1644:in
1576:in
1558:RTA
1496:in
1394:An
1332:in
1308:.
1130:or
853:.
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1872:,
1779:,
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1769:,
1763::
1687:.
1632:,
1612:,
1596:.
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1568:,
1520:,
1450:,
1422:,
1418:,
1402::
1352:,
1348:,
1344:,
1271::
1230::
1216::
1202::
1170::
1138:;
1039:,
1035:,
1001:,
997:,
963:,
959:,
955:,
951:,
947:,
943:,
776:,
772:,
768:,
760:,
756:,
752:,
740:,
736:,
506:,
470:,
413:.
401:,
397::
373:,
369::
365:;
361::
123:,
2251:.
2055:.
1544:/
1398:(
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1198:(
1166:(
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615:/
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357:(
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23:.
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