1862:
1731:
715:
authority, shall defend Iraq, shall not be used as an instrument to oppress the Iraqi people, shall not interfere in political affairs, and shall have no role in the transfer of authority.' Parts B and C prohibit the formation of military militias outside the framework of the armed forces and prohibit armed forces personnel from standing for political office or campaigning for political candidates. Part C expressively notes that military personnel are allowed to vote in elections. Part E expressively states the Iraqi
Government's commitment to the respect and implementation of Iraq's international obligations regarding the non-proliferation, non-development, nonproduction, and non-use of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. The Second Section says that military service shall be regulated by law.
1304:
5986:
367:
753:
129:
2137:." In addition, the Iraqis were believed to have the best stocks of rocket artillery in the Third World. They were producing a rocket with a 35-mile range modeled on the Brazilian Astros 2, a copy of the Soviet Frog 7, and their own 55-mile-range Liath rocket that was reportedly capable of carrying a chemical warhead. The Iraqis were also building a 30-mile-range surface-to-surface rocket known as the Ababil, which was designed to carry a sophisticated cluster-bomb warhead. Other Iraqi munitions projects included
42:
1499:
155:
380:
1746:
142:
2129:'s presidency, Iraq had constructed state-of-the-art production facilities for the rocket propellant at Hillah, south of Baghdad, and assembled the missiles at Falluja, west of the Iraqi capital. At the time, Iraq was believed to be way ahead of its then rival Iran's arms producing industry. The Iraqis were producing a ground-to-ground missile with a 400-mile range known as the Husayn, a variant of the Soviet Scud rocket. They lobbed dozens of these terrifying missiles into
5979:
5993:
2189:) in Iraq's deserts, the 1980 to 1988 Iran–Iraq war had come to an end. In December 1990 the Iraqis had filled 100 R-400 bombs with botulinum toxin, 50 with anthrax, and 16 with aflatoxin. In addition, 13 Al Hussein missile warheads were filled with botulinum toxin, 10 with anthrax, and 2 with aflatoxin. These weapons were deployed in January 1991 to four locations for use against the U.S. forces only as "weapons of last resort" in case they stormed the gates of
703:
2042:; thus as of April 2007 the Army had no military hospitals. There is only one military prosthetics facility in the country and virtually no mental health or burn treatment services. Wounded Iraqi soldiers are expected to receive treatment either at civilian hospitals or if possible, at Coalition medical facilities. Corruption practices spurred partly by over-taxation at these civilian hospitals significantly drive up costs to the soldier. Due to overwhelming
5881:
695:
5891:
1618:
2289:
Then, following a request from the Iraqi Prime
Minister, at the Warsaw Summit in July 2016 NATO Leaders agreed to provide NATO training and capacity-building activities to Iraqi security and military forces within Iraq. In January 2017, NATO deployed a modest but scalable Core Team to Baghdad of eight civilian and military personnel, setting up NATO’s permanent presence in Iraq. Jordan-based training transferred to Iraq in February 2017.
943:
5972:
4761:
4535:
406:
293:
274:
255:
236:
1716:. Since 2003, creation of combat forces has been the priority, and logistical support was initially supplied in one way or another by the coalition. As of mid 2008, logistical problems included a maintenance crisis and ongoing supply problems. Logistical capabilities have been developing, however, and the build-up of a nationwide logistical structure, with the Taji National Depot at its centre, is now well under way.
419:
393:
5901:
5911:
1095:
2200:(IISS) in Britain published in September 2002 a review of Iraq's military capability, and concluded that Iraq could assemble nuclear weapons within months if fissile material from foreign sources were obtained. Dr. Mahdi Obeidi, who created Saddam's nuclear centrifuge program that had successfully enriched uranium to weapons grade before the 1991 Gulf War, stated in an op-ed in
1468:
equipped, they had not developed the capabilities needed to plan, conduct and sustain effective counter-insurgency operations. There were also challenges at the ministerial level, within the
Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Interior, and these ministries could not sustain their forces in terms of logistics, intelligence, communications and procurement. The
1823:. The Iraqi government allocated the majority of its military expenditure to the Army and by 1936 the Royal Iraqi Air Force had only 37 pilots and 55 aircraft. The following year, the Air Force increased its number of pilots to 127. The air force used both Soviet and British aircraft throughout the 1950s and 1960s. When
896:
complete equipment reversal. However, more weapons were bought from various non-communist countries, supplementing their largely Soviet arsenal, and a reliance on Soviet doctrine reduced. In most cases, the Iraqis went back to
British doctrine, while in others, they melded British and Soviet doctrine. Iraq's
1599:. The force is quite sizable. The KDP and PUK both had around 100,000 peshmerga (totalling 200,000) as of January 2010. Two divisions of the army are included in this figure; the regional government and the central government disagree as to whether they are under Baghdad's authority and to what extent.
2300:
The NMI training activities are based in
Baghdad in the Ministry of Defence, Office of the National Security Advisor, and other national security institutions. In addition, NMI will have training activities in the University of Defence, Computer Science School, Military Medical School, Bomb Disposal
1972:
The Navy "was reformed in 2003 around five
Taiwanese-built 28-meter Predator -class patrol boats, calling itself the Iraqi Coast Guard until December 2004, when it assumed the navy title." By the time the force "assumed its new identity as the Iraqi Navy in December , it had mustered a force of 600,
1422:
strategy in the end of 2004, General Casey directed the
Coalition forces to shift their focus from fighting insurgents to training Iraqis. This was to be the strategy until 2006. The aim was a small Coalition footprint and a rapid handover of security responsibilities to new Iraqi forces. Developing
714:
Part A, First
Section, Article 9 states that 'The Iraqi armed forces and security services will be composed of the components of the Iraqi people with due consideration given to their balance and representation without discrimination or exclusion. They shall be subject to the control of the civilian
2288:
and in response to a request by the Iraqi government, NATO agreed to provide defence and related security capacity-building support. In April 2016, NATO began conducting a number of “train-the-trainer’’ courses in Jordan for Iraqis (more than 350 Iraqi security and military personnel were trained).
2296:
NATO Mission Iraq is focused on capacity-building, mentoring, and advising Iraqi national defence institutions through a series of activities conducted with full respect for Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is designed to help Iraqi security institutions further develop and sustain
2034:
Poor levels of internal security have stifled attempts to build any national banking or credit systems. In lieu of such organizations, Iraqi units operate at any given time with an estimated 10–20% absenteeism rate due to soldiers temporarily leaving their units to deliver their pay back to their
1676:
tutelage from 2003 to 2009. The force generation plan as of
November 2009 includes 14 divisions, each consisting of 4 brigades. The Iraqi Army was described as the most important element of the counter-insurgency fight. The tactic is to provide security and other services on a local level by using
722:
period of 2003–2004. CPA Order 22 established the New Iraqi Army on August 18, 2003, and CPA Order 67 renamed the New Iraqi Army the Iraqi Armed Forces on March 21, 2004. In the process, the New Iraqi Army was expanded to include an Army, Air Force, Coastal
Defense Force, reserve forces, and other
895:
from Brazil. While Iraqi generals supported a complete changeover to Western equipment, Western countries were reluctant to sell large amounts of weaponry to Iraq. Western weapons were more expensive than Soviet ones, and they took longer to train personnel on, so there was a reluctance to make a
1602:
Iraqi military intelligence has been rebuilt since the army was dissolved in 2003. However, it has suffered from political interference. In mid-2009 Prime Minister al-Maliki reportedly dismissed Major General Jamal Suleiman, the director of military intelligence, and took on the job himself. The
1467:
districts. It became evident that the Iraqi Armed Forces and the various MOI forces were incapable of putting a lid on the sectarian violence and protecting the population, and MNF-I had to adjust plans again for a security transition. Though Iraqi forces had received initial training and been
2020:
The Iraqi Navy is designed for coastal water protection; preventing the smuggling of people, oil and weapons; and to protect the country's oil platforms. As a result, it mainly needs patrol boats. These may be backed up by fast attack craft. The patrol boats need to have the ability to launch
859:
After the first Kurdish war ended with a stalemate, the Armed Forces began to implement a number of changes. They concluded that Soviet equipment and methods did not meet their needs and that many western weapons were superior to their Soviet counterparts. Also the Soviet Union was trying to
653:
The Iraqi armed forces were historically one of the more competent militaries in the Arab world. However, during Saddam Hussein's dictatorship and interference in military organization, the competence of the Army severely declined. The Army, in particular, is one of the most trusted national
2141:
tank, infrared and television-guided bombs and laser-guided missiles. Baghdad was working on advanced naval mines and remote-piloted "drone" aircraft for battlefield surveillance. They had also developed indigenous radar planes similar to the U.S. airborne warning and control system (AWACS)
1707:
From its creation in 1922 to 2003, the army suffered from a number of serious difficulties, junior tactical leadership among them. "Iraqi forces consistently had problems because of a dearth of technical skills and a limited exposure to machinery." However it also had significant strengths,
1049:
started to gain momentum and regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982, pushing the Iraqis back to the pre-war border lines. Following this, the next five years saw Iran go on the offensive until Iraq took back the initiative in mid-1988, and whose major offensives led to the final
1969:, which had been outfitted as a minelayer itself. Of the units that remained by late 2002, most were in a poor state of repair and the crews were in a poor state of readiness. Whatever units that remained after 1991 were used primarily for safeguarding Saddam's palaces on the Tigris river.
2301:(EOD/C‐IED) School, Armour School, School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, School of Military Engineering, School of Transportation, School of Administration and Logistics, Military Signals School, Military Intelligence and Security School, and Non Commissioned Officers Academy.
1783:
The Royal Iraqi Air Force was founded in 1931, during the period of British control in Iraq after their defeat of the Ottomans in the First World War, with only a few pilots. The Air Force considered its founding day as 22 April 1931, when the first pilots flew in from training in the
4477:
Iraqi PMO. "رئيس مجلس الوزراء @MAKadhimi يؤكد أنّ تطوير المؤسسات الأمنية واصلاحها هي من أولويات المنهاج الوزاري الذي ينصّ على تعزيز أداء الأجهزة الأمنية المختلفة وتحقيق التكامل المطلوب بينها، والعمل بمبدأ أنَّ كلَّ القوات العسكرية والأمنية في خدمة الشعب وتطلعاته ووحدته وأمنه ...
780:
would be created along British lines, with British training and equipment. King Faisal wanted an army of 15,000–20,000 men. The army actually grew from 3,500 in 1922 to 7,000 in 1927 and then to 11,500 in 1932. The army became a modernising influence in the country. In 1931, the
1877:: القوات البحرية العراقية) is one of the components of the Armed Forces. Its primary responsibilities are the protection of Iraq's coastline and offshore assets. It was formed in 1937 as a small four-ship force headquartered in Basra. Between 1937 and 1958, it was primarily a
1692:
donated 77 Soviet-made T-72 tanks from their own arsenal. The tanks were refurbished by Hungarian specialists and were delivered in fully battle-ready condition in 2004. Training of personnel was also provided to the newly forming Iraqi Army. Iraq was planned to receive 280
2787:, Tel Aviv: Ma'arachot, 1986, p.128–65. Pollack notes that the various accounts of Iraqi operations on the Golan Heights are highly contradictory. He relies on Ofer, 1986, which is an Israeli General Staff critique of the official Iraqi General Staff analysis of the battle.
825:. The Iraqi Air Force used both Soviet and British aircraft throughout the 1950s and 1960s. In 1961, Iraqi forces were again amassed along the Kuwaiti border, and Iraqi again threatened to invade. A quick British deployment of troops, aircraft, and naval vessels, called
1850:. In 2007, Iraq asked Iran to return some of the scores of Iraqi fighter planes that flew there to escape destruction during the Gulf War in 1991. As of 2014, Iran was receptive to the demands and was working on refurbishing an unspecified number of aircraft.
4407:
Major General Dr Naji Khalifa Jassim Al-Dahan, "Iraqi air defense: A historical and documentary study of its development and national and national role 1939- 1993," ISBN 978-9923-27-025-7, Dar Al-Academies Publishing and Distribution Company, Amman - Jordan,
734:. To do this, the U.S. aimed to train and equip Iraq's security forces and gradually transition security responsibilities to them. In 2010 there are at least three major defence tasks. They are the suppression of the insurgency, the resolution of the Kurdish
2292:
In 2018, At the NATO Summit in Brussels , following a request from the Iraqi government, Allied leaders issued direction to launch a new training mission in Iraq called NATO Mission Iraq (NMI). This new mission was established in Baghdad in October 2018.
3347:
1804:, and 32 aircraft mechanics. The original five pilots were Natiq Mohammed Khalil al-Tay, Mohammed Ali Jawad, Hafdhi Aziz, Akrem Mushtaq, and Musa Ali. During the early years of the Royal Iraqi Air Force, it mainly received aircraft from the
1976:
In July 2008 it was reported that the Iraqi Navy was building a second Marine battalion. As of February 2011, the navy had approximately 5,000 sailors and marines which formed an operational headquarters, five afloat squadrons, and two
2012:
were originally planned to be delivered sometime around 2006–2007. The ships however, were found to be in a worse state than originally believed, forcing the Iraqi navy to reconsider the deal and instead buy 4, newer, smaller
2025:
for boarding ships and also possibly be able to accommodate a helicopter which would increase their patrol capability. In 2016 the Iraqi Navy awarded money to a ship maintenance company to sustain its current fleet of ships.
4346:
Rathmell, Andrew, Olga Oliker, Terrence K. Kelly, David Brannan, and Keith Crane, eds. Developing Iraq’s Security Sector: The Coalition Provisional Authority’s Experience. MG-365-OSD. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation,
1572:, the Special Security Division (Green Zone protection), and also reportedly the Special Forces Command. The MOD also runs a Joint Staff College, training army, navy, and air force officers, with support from the
2142:
surveillance aircraft. Iraq also had embarked upon an undertaking known as Project 395, a $ 400-million program to produce solid-fuel surface-to-surface ballistic missiles. Also under President Saddam Hussein,
844:, which had been stationed in eastern Jordan. The 3rd Armoured Division did not organise itself and reach the front line before the Jordanians ceased operations. Therefore, Iraqi participation was limited to a
3337:
4267:"Iraqi Army: World's 5th Largest but Full of Vital Weaknesses : Military: It will soon be even larger. But its senior staff is full of incompetents, and only a third of its troops are experienced"
934:. He also guaranteed the military's loyalty to the regime by promoting loyal officers and purging questionable ones. However, this had the effect of filling the senior officer ranks with incompetents.
1346:
3553:
2204:
that although Iraqi scientists possessed the knowledge to restart the nuclear program, by 2002 the idea had become "a vague dream from another era." Iraqi scientists under Saddam Hussein included
1287:. The British Army controlled the southern regions of Iraq and fought there until their withdrawal on 30 April 2009. The United States controlled Northern and Central Iraq. After the invasion, the
726:
Iraq does not appear to have publicly issued a national defence review or white paper. Much of defence policy since 2003 has been set by the United States. For example, one mission objective for
1145:, remote-piloted "drone" aircraft, sophisticated cluster-bomb, infrared and television-guided bombs and laser-guided missiles. At that time, Iraq was believed to be way ahead of its then rival
3372:
1669:
article suggested that, between 2004 and 2014, the U.S. had provided the Iraqi Army with $ 25 billion in training and equipment in addition to an even larger sum from the Iraqi treasury.
1708:
particularly in two areas: logistics and combat engineering. Two impressive logistical accomplishments of the army included the ability to sustain an armoured corps in Syria during the
856:, which was around 435 kilometers from Bagdad in western Iraq, near the H-3 oil pumping station. The Israelis reportedly destroyed 21 Iraqi aircraft for the loss of three of their own.
1835:, which ended in 1988, when it consisted of 1029 aircraft of all types (of which 550 were combat aircraft), becoming the largest air force in the region. Its downfall came during the
1045:
and expected a decisive victory in the face of a severely weakened Iran, Iraq only made progress for three months. By December 1980 the invasion had stalled. In fierce fighting, the
1126:
was also disbanded. Military and economic sanctions prevented Iraq from rebuilding its military power. What rebuilding was done was concentrated on the Republican Guard and the new
2555:
1893:, which offered a bachelor's degree in war and engineering naval studies. By 1988, the Navy grew to a force of 5,000, but played a relatively small role during the 1980–1988
3584:
4240:
1224:. After a protracted and problematic weapons inspection process, the majority of these type of weapons were considered to be destroyed and their facilities sealed under UN
5947:
5143:
2604:
1505:
and Iraqi Security Forces personnel fire a howitzer at known Islamic State of Iraq and Syria locations near the Iraqi-Syrian border during Operation Roundup, June 5, 2018.
911:
expeditionary force which operated on the Syrian front. However, the force did not perform very well, and the Iraqi Air Force did not do well either, losing 26 of the 101
1391:
On 22 April 2004, under Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 73 all personnel, facilities, and equipment of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps were transferred to the
3486:
1569:
1177:
638:
regime and the disbanding of the entire military, the United States sought to rebuild the Iraqi armed forces and so the country received substantial assistance from the
514:
165:
3398:
1949:
of 1991. The force had 19 ships sunk and 6 vessels damaged. In total, more than 100 Iraqi ships were destroyed. The Navy was not rebuilt and played little part in the
4585:
1861:
1772:
service branch of the Iraqi Armed Forces, responsible for the policing of international borders and surveillance of national assets. The Air Force also supports the
738:
forces' status in relation to the Iraqi Armed Forces themselves, and longer-term, the growth of the armed forces so that they can defend Iraq from external threats.
3145:
930:
support to the Kurds. From 1973 to 1980, Saddam largely relieved the armed forces of internal security functions by creating new paramilitary forces, such as the
3632:
2297:
their capacity. NATO works closely with the Iraqi Ministry of Defence to train members of the Iraqi Military under the direct control of the Government of Iraq.
1239:
Saddam's government did not respond to the ultimatum in the way that the Bush Administration wanted them to. On March 19, 2003, the United States, with British,
1680:
Light infantry brigades are equipped with small arms, machine guns, RPGs, body armor and light armored vehicles. Mechanized infantry brigades are equipped with
3315:
1677:
infantrymen on dismounted patrols. As insurgents lose passive or active support from the local population, they will more easily be defeated, it was believed.
7067:
3549:
3109:
2310:
5172:
2205:
1660:
1636:: القوات البرية العراقية), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It was known as the Royal Iraqi Army up until the coup of July 1958.
1338:
to oversee the process. On August 2, 2003, the first battalion of new Iraqi Army (IA) recruits started a nine-week training course at a training base in
3018:
6081:
5442:
3231:
278:
2982:
2035:
families. This can be especially grueling if the unit is on deployment outside of their home province as the absenteeism time is naturally increased.
1853:
By 2002 the Iraqi Air Defence Command counted four air defence sectors and at least five missile brigades, the 145th, 146th, 147th, 148th, and 195th.
4146:
1377:
861:
1480:, said in June 2007 that Coalition forces should not draw down too quickly and that the transitioning of security responsibilities would take time.
1472:
allowed Iraqi forces more time for training and leadership development, as well as more Coalition partnering with Iraqi units. The commander of the
6063:
5940:
5056:
4086:
3528:
2551:
4523:
1403:
545:
according to Article 73 of the constitution is the ‘high command’ for ceremonial and honorary purposes, such as approving the appointment of the
3369:
860:
influence Iraqi policy by holding up arms deliveries. Despite the large amount of Soviet equipment that Iraq continued to receive (shown by the
4274:
1312:
970:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6268:
3674:
2512:
2197:
3457:
2046:
within the Iraqi military compensation system, it is commonplace for the soldier to end up bearing the financial brunt of medical expenses.
1540:), which transferred all provinces' security responsibilities to the Iraqi government. Five provinces were transferred at once as a result.
627:
Logistics and combat engineering have been traditional strong points. Iraqi soldiers have also usually fought hard in difficult situations.
4658:
1131:
1046:
1730:
620:
that followed the US-led invasion of the country. The latest major conflict in which the armed forces of the country participated was the
5933:
1331:
1130:, created after the war ended. Iraq maintained standing armed forces about 375,000 strong. Armed force intelligence was provided by the
6948:
6918:
6813:
6695:
1221:
1173:
4501:
1957:
patrol boat was destroyed. One exception was two mine warfare vessels captured by US Navy and Coast Guard units during the assault on
5060:
3019:"The Continuing Challenge of Building the Iraqi Security Forces, Report from the US Congress Armed Services Committee. June 27, 2007"
7060:
5432:
2193:. Since this never happened in 1991, Saddam found their use unnecessary. Iraq destroyed its biological arsenal after the 1991 war.
1998:, with the first of the boats to enter service in September 2005. This project however, was ultimately canceled. Additionally, two
1942:
from Italy, although these were never delivered because of international sanctions following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
1839:(1990–91) and continued as U.S. and allied forces enforced no-fly zones. The remains of Iraq's air force were destroyed during the
3574:
1122:-led coalition resulted in the reduction of Iraq's ground forces to 23 divisions and the air force to less than 300 aircraft. The
7203:
6968:
6071:
3729:
1042:
2654:
6616:
6319:
1252:
3482:
6788:
4748:
4460:
4337:
3395:
3061:
2866:
2815:
2734:
2624:
2225:
1327:
1193:
4726:
1548:
The Ministry of Defense (MOD) oversees the forces, as well as the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Bureau, reporting directly to the
1160:
with allied aid to provide assistance to these refugees. This involved some confrontations with the Iraqi armed forces. The
7316:
7211:
6996:
5184:
5091:
4703:
4668:
2646:
There is no single authoritative translation of the Constitution. These translations are drawn from the translation by the
1537:
643:
3272:
2832:
1509:
The Iraqi Army launched its first solely planned and executed high-profile division-level operation March 25, 2008 in the
687:
establishes the legal basis of the Iraqi Armed Forces. Much of the wording of Article 9 draws upon Article 27 of the 2004
7053:
6833:
5086:
4683:
4676:
4516:
2889:
For a 1992 estimate of Iraq's armed forces, see James Bruce, "How Saddam is picking up the pieces a year after 'Storm',"
2241:
1220:, some of which have been alleged to come from the United States and its allies. These weapons were ordered destroyed by
639:
3772:
3156:
1655:
in 2003, the Iraqi Army was rebuilt along U.S. lines with enormous amounts of U.S. assistance at every level. After the
1311:
The Armed Forces were formally disbanded and the Iraqi Ministry of Defense was dissolved shortly after the invasion, by
7093:
5437:
5353:
5076:
5041:
4470:
Sean Boyle, 'In wake of Desert Fox, Saddam moves to tighten his grip,' Jane's ChemBio Web/Geopolitical Resources (also
4318:
2895:, 22 February 1992, 284. This piece estimates that Iraq might have 250 intact aircraft and between 22 and 27 divisions.
2524:
2281:
as an example of a possible joint training exercise component of a future U.S.–Iraq military-to-military relationship.
2181:) under Saddam Hussein until the end of 1991 Gulf War. By the time Iraqis were testing biological warheads (containing
1536:
On January 1, 2009, the Provincial Iraqi Control process was superseded by the U.S.-Iraqi Security Agreement (see also
3636:
7188:
6943:
6473:
5481:
4299:
546:
3305:
2262:, the Iranian government also publicly offered help to build up the Iraqi armed forces. Then-Iraqi Defence Minister
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7153:
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5569:
5554:
5150:
5138:
4708:
4653:
4625:
2174:
1656:
613:
285:
6883:
6853:
6626:
5427:
5413:
5165:
4815:
4690:
4590:
2410:
2237:
2233:
2113:
1553:
1436:
1399:
1350:
1288:
1197:
1127:
719:
688:
609:
522:
3120:
1086:
provided an abundance of financial, political and logistical support for Iraq, while Iran was largely isolated.
6991:
6958:
6823:
6688:
6641:
6631:
6531:
6440:
5031:
4713:
4509:
3205:
2495:
2315:
2245:
2178:
1292:
1228:. A new round of weapons inspections was performed in early 2003 by United Nations weapons inspectors led by
732:"Iraq that has a security force that can maintain domestic order and deny Iraq as a safe haven for terrorists"
7255:
6981:
6516:
6501:
6450:
6233:
6053:
4648:
4439:
4413:
3704:
3427:
3025:
2544:
1712:
and their ability to move formations of corps size from one end of the country to another in days during the
1659:
coalesced shortly after the invasion, the Iraqi Army was redesigned as a counter-insurgency force. After the
1596:
1055:
6496:
6363:
3228:
7163:
7103:
6938:
6898:
6838:
6753:
6273:
5177:
3180:
2022:
1750:
1595:, since September 2009 the 'Armed Forces of the Kurdistan Region,' are a separate armed force loyal to the
1573:
1502:
1469:
1260:
1233:
1067:
797:
of 1932, a conscription law was introduced, which strengthened the Iraqi Army at the expense of the tribal
654:
institutions of Iraq. Iraqi Armed Forces deficiencies have been identified in enabling functions, such as,
221:
17:
4391:
On Point II Transition to the New Campaign: The U.S. Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom May 2003-January 2005
7148:
6953:
6758:
6585:
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6253:
6228:
6218:
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5454:
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5155:
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4610:
4570:
4158:
4115:
3520:
2474:
2285:
2259:
2229:
1701:
1530:
1526:
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1322:
was awarded a contract to train the first nine battalions, or 9,000 recruits, of a 44,000 person-strong "
1189:
647:
621:
617:
526:
506:
470:
259:
177:
4090:
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Foroutan Abbas, Medical experiences of Iraq's Chemical Warfare Baqiyatallah Univ. Med. Sci., Tehran 2003
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4005:
3981:
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3933:
3909:
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840:
Iraqi participation in the Six-Day War was limited, principally owing to the slow reaction of the Iraqi
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5579:
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2543:
Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (24 April 2022).
1985:
1411:
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892:
550:
266:
1603:
Prime minister had reportedly dismissed the director of Iraqi national intelligence at the same time.
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7275:
6928:
6803:
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6748:
6681:
6590:
5531:
5376:
4946:
4741:
4547:
3391:
1369:
1354:
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922:
The Kurds started the second Kurdish war of 1974–75, but the war ended in a Kurdish defeat after the
830:
727:
565:
4187:
3248:
2228:
took the major role in assuring Iraq's exterior defense. The U.S. command responsible was initially
2071:
Chemring cartridge actuated devices/propellant actuated devices, which can be used in ejection seats
1846:
After the invasion, the Air Force was rebuilt, receiving most of its training and aircraft from the
1303:
785:
was founded with a small number of pilots. Six Army coups took place, with one in 1936 being led by
698:
An Iraqi postage stamp of 15 fils, issued in 1967, on the occasion of the Iraqi Army Day, January 6.
7024:
7019:
6728:
6710:
6653:
6606:
6304:
6126:
5618:
5589:
5233:
4478:
Pic.twitter.com/TYAN3Au34v." Twitter, 28 May 2020, twitter.com/IraqiPMO/status/1265950977829601282.
4162:
3280:
2891:
1689:
1522:
1484:
1402:
on June 28, 2004, the U.S. and its allies remained in Iraq, receiving authorisation to do so under
1284:
1201:
1169:
1165:
1103:
990:
747:
581:
462:
192:
3682:
3077:
1580:
on September 27, 2005. The center runs Junior Staff and Senior Staff Officer Courses designed for
969:. The war lasted almost eight years, ending in a stalemate on 20 August 1988 when Iran accepted a
7221:
6986:
6923:
6818:
6738:
6723:
6648:
6601:
6580:
6511:
6468:
6358:
6213:
5846:
5594:
5258:
4991:
3754:
3449:
2213:
2038:
In addition, all military hospitals under the Saddam regime were looted and abandoned during the
1488:
1388:(MOI) and other security forces. A new force generation plan aimed to create ten army divisions.
1256:
1181:
1111:
773:
577:
3281:'Iraqi Intelligence at the Brigade/Division level: Systemic Deficiencies and Training Solutions'
3269:
7123:
6976:
6908:
6903:
6858:
6848:
6828:
6808:
6763:
6551:
6208:
6203:
5549:
5408:
5278:
5253:
5123:
4875:
2605:"The Weight of the Shadow of the Past: The Organizational Culture of the Iraqi Army, 1921–2003"
2320:
2138:
2055:
1905:
1549:
1510:
1473:
1236:
decided that Saddam Hussein's regime must be removed, and it gave an ultimatum to that effect.
1232:, which searched Iraqi sites again, but found no new weapons or weapons programs. However, the
1153:
1142:
962:
923:
530:
485:
7183:
7173:
7133:
7113:
7108:
7098:
6878:
6868:
6843:
6798:
6768:
6733:
6611:
6329:
6181:
6032:
5914:
5653:
5521:
5133:
5006:
4985:
4905:
4865:
4756:
4602:
4539:
3659:
2278:
2039:
1840:
1652:
1448:
1248:
1141:
that produced everything from rifle bullets to ballistic missiles, advanced naval mines, the
659:
631:
2938:"BETWEEN DESERT STORM AND IRAQI FREEDOM: U.S. ARMY OPERATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 1991-2001"
650:
are responsible for providing security and upholding law and order throughout most of Iraq.
7014:
6933:
6893:
6445:
6314:
6258:
6196:
6191:
6186:
5748:
5630:
5564:
5526:
5422:
5348:
5343:
5268:
5116:
4734:
3550:"With new US planes slow to arrive, Iraq seeks remnants of Saddam's air force to bomb ISIL"
2577:
2456:
2442:
2151:
1999:
1933:
1801:
1800:
neighborhood of Baghdad, and consisted of five pilots, aeronautics students trained at the
1793:
1419:
1373:
1184:
divisions in October 1994, which resulted in a major U.S. protective deployment designated
1110:
Saddam Hussein had also poured massive resources into regime protection agencies, like the
978:
757:
684:
662:. In high-end conventional operations, Iraqi capabilities are currently limited by lack of
538:
351:
821:
in 1958, where the new Iraqi government began increased diplomatic relationships with the
612:. The nascent post-Iraq war Iraqi armed forces were engaged in anti-insurgency during the
8:
7193:
7178:
7168:
7138:
7128:
7006:
6913:
6778:
6718:
6382:
6294:
6094:
5690:
5648:
5574:
5449:
5371:
4900:
4870:
4855:
4420:
Hemphill, Paul (1979) `The Formation of the Iraqi Army, 1921–33', in Abbas Kelidar (ed.)
3579:
3310:
2651:
2470:
2244:
facilitated buying of U.S. weapons. Residual assistance efforts were then managed by the
1796:
elements in Iraq in the 1920s and early 1930s. The RIrAF was based at the airport in the
1319:
1280:
1279:
and Iraqi 5th Corps plus parts of the Republican Guard. Significant battles included the
1225:
1018:
841:
588:, initiated by the Iraqis in 1980, which continued until 1988. Thereafter Iraq began the
560:
were mounted by the army between 1936 and 1941. The armed forces first saw combat in the
298:
134:
809:
to encourage its union with Iraq. British forces later defeated the Iraqis in the short
7158:
7029:
6888:
6743:
6309:
6171:
5821:
5816:
5801:
5763:
5738:
5675:
5536:
5106:
4915:
4830:
4449:
4377:
4213:
3342:
2937:
2630:
2263:
2249:
2159:
1978:
1923:
1882:
1673:
1518:
1432:
1424:
1384:. MNSTC-I was given the task of building up the new Iraqi Armed Forces, as well as the
1217:
1204:
was launched, further damaging Iraqi air defences in the southern part of the country.
1161:
1123:
1026:
982:
931:
900:
capability was also improved, with the purchase of 2,000 heavy equipment transporters.
818:
655:
597:
589:
534:
247:
240:
5663:
4353:
The U.S. Army in the Iraq War – Volume 1: Invasion – Insurgency – Civil War, 2003-2006
4294:. United States Naval Institute Press (distributed by Airlife Publishing Ltd. in UK).
4089:. The International Institute for Strategic Studies. September 9, 2002. Archived from
3054:
752:
6572:
6540:
6263:
6176:
6161:
5985:
5925:
5890:
5841:
5806:
5643:
5584:
5486:
5396:
5366:
5361:
5228:
5223:
5207:
5096:
5036:
4956:
4951:
4860:
4456:
4381:
4333:
4314:
4295:
4174:
4123:
2872:
2862:
2811:
2730:
2634:
2620:
2520:
2134:
2096:
Rapiscan Systems contractor logistics support for M60 mobile scanning vehicle systems
1894:
1832:
1713:
1514:
1477:
1272:
974:
959:
826:
585:
542:
228:
2670:
2415:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 22 of 2003, Creation of a New Iraqi Army"
2240:. USF-I was established on January 1, 2010, and withdrew on December 31, 2011. The
1827:
came to power in 1979, the air force grew quickly when Iraq ordered more Soviet and
1819:
In the years following Iraqi independence, the Air Force was still dependent on the
1483:
In July 2006, a milestone was achieved when the first Iraqi province transferred to
1357:
as a temporary security agency to complement Coalition military operations in Iraq.
1267:
division). They defeated the Iraqi 3rd Corps, the Republican Guard, and much of the
557:
187:
6636:
6478:
6166:
6002:
5992:
5733:
5668:
5658:
5332:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5243:
5218:
4369:
4360:
Robinson, Colin D. (2022). "Why Did Rebuilding the Afghan and Iraqi Armies Fail?".
2612:
2369:
2354:
2252:
2065:
1878:
1789:
1672:
The Iraqi Army was designed as a counter-insurgency force that was developed under
1626:
1581:
1276:
1213:
912:
814:
41:
4373:
1495:
were transferred to Provincial Iraqi Control from September 2006 to October 2008.
1180:
was elevated and established as a fourth service. Kuwait was then threatened with
1005:, which was before this point not seen as feasible by the Iraqi leadership due to
793:
coup of 1941. Following the persecution of the Assyrians, which culminated in the
7270:
7247:
7216:
7085:
6543:
6506:
6422:
6223:
6150:
6116:
6111:
6076:
6020:
5831:
5796:
5685:
5680:
5599:
5510:
5248:
5101:
5013:
5001:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4845:
4820:
4805:
4792:
4780:
4580:
3402:
3376:
3276:
3235:
3065:
2658:
2377:
2339:
2255:. OSC-Iraq was established on October 1, 2011. Lt Gen Bednarek succeeded Caslen.
2186:
2147:
2143:
2077:
1898:
1820:
1757:
1739:
1725:
1644:
1561:
1268:
1059:
1009:'s colossal economic and military might, as well as its close alliances with the
1006:
810:
794:
782:
561:
510:
341:
160:
115:
57:
2414:
1865:
An Iraqi Coastal Defense Force patrol craft prepares to moor in Manama, Bahrain.
1663:
in 2010, Iraqi forces assumed full responsibility for the country's security. A
1498:
772:
after they assumed mandated control over Iraq after 1917. During the March 1921
556:
The armed forces of Iraq were initially formed in the early 1920s. Six military
7045:
7034:
6562:
6432:
6373:
6238:
5960:
5811:
5786:
5066:
4996:
4427:
Jane's, "Iraqi air defence - Fortress Iraq," Jane's Defence Weekly, 23 May 2002
2647:
2126:
2103:
2014:
1824:
1805:
1785:
1769:
1735:
1709:
1665:
1648:
1640:
1452:
1381:
1323:
1071:
904:
769:
635:
573:
385:
2616:
1251:. In the process, Saddam's armed forces were defeated. In the south, the U.S.
1001:
leadership. Iraq had also wished to replace Iran as the dominant state in the
973:. Iraq's rationale for the invasion was primarily to cripple Iran and prevent
7300:
6621:
6324:
5978:
5884:
5836:
5826:
5791:
5743:
5720:
5695:
5459:
5288:
5283:
5160:
4961:
4810:
4127:
3730:"Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq – February 2006 Report to Congress"
3604:
2511:
2267:
2209:
1886:
1847:
1577:
1119:
1030:
1010:
806:
480:
372:
4355:. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press.
4149:(SIGIR), Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, April 30, 2013, p.9
3110:"DoD Bloggers Roundtable Conference Call with David Kilcullen. May 25, 2007"
2922:
2876:
1945:
The Iraqi Navy was almost completely destroyed by the Royal Navy during the
1376:
For the new Iraqi armed forces, the most important move was the creation of
6455:
6299:
6243:
6037:
5710:
5476:
5273:
4981:
4976:
4966:
4800:
4643:
3286:
2854:
2674:
2158:. Other notable weapons of Iraq produced under Saddam Hussein included the
1954:
1919:
1911:
1585:
1264:
1200:
in 1998. As U.S. preparations for an attack on Iraq gathered pace in 2002,
1075:
1002:
822:
318:
1423:
indigenous military forces became a cornerstone of the 2006 United States
1152:
During the 1990s, the Iraqi Armed Forces were involved in suppressing the
62:
6658:
6285:
5894:
5856:
5705:
5541:
5466:
5263:
4825:
2274:
2155:
1991:
1915:
1809:
1492:
1439:
in February 2006, the levels of sectarian violence rose dramatically. In
1099:
994:
853:
852:, which did not locate its targets, and a return Israeli air raid on the
834:
605:
569:
2983:"Northrop Grumman Awarded $ 48 Million Contract to Train New Iraqi Army"
702:
7077:
6136:
6025:
6015:
4971:
4575:
4565:
4163:
Lt. Gen. Caslen assumes command of NTM-I, leads OSC-I to strengthen ISF
1984:
Headed by Rear Admiral Muhammad Jawad, the navy had plans to build six
1870:
1797:
1777:
1773:
1745:
1612:
1565:
1557:
1460:
1415:
1335:
1083:
1034:
1022:
986:
908:
790:
786:
777:
694:
518:
502:
147:
6091:
General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq
2810:(Revised ed.). England: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 152.
2603:
Woods, Kevin M. (2019), Mansoor, Peter R.; Murray, Williamson (eds.),
2150:". Notable ballistic missiles of Iraq produced under Hussein included
2102:
Spartan Air Academy contractor logistics support for T-6A aircraft at
1427:
doctrine. However, after the national elections in December 2005, the
7265:
7237:
6673:
6595:
6348:
6248:
6155:
5781:
5753:
5700:
5238:
4930:
4890:
2346:
2109:
2086:
Navistar Defense transport trucks, recovery vehicles, and spare parts
2074:
General Dynamics vehicle logistics support and training in Taji, Iraq
1694:
1617:
1592:
1407:
1361:
1240:
1229:
1051:
897:
869:
735:
667:
663:
3270:
Al Maliki dismissed military intelligence chief and took on his role
3229:
NATO opens the Joint Staff College in Ar Rustamiyah in Baghdad, Iraq
2428:
942:
6863:
5298:
5128:
5111:
4885:
4880:
2954:
2167:
2043:
2005:
1973:
including 200 naval infantry who guard" Iraq's two oil platforms."
1950:
1946:
1939:
1836:
1444:
1365:
1339:
1115:
998:
884:
833:, a first war against the Kurds from 1961 to 1970, and then in the
601:
593:
3370:
Coalition team assists in building combat force, Daniel M. Swanson
3306:"Iraq Withdrawal: U.S. Abandoning Plans To Keep Troops In Country"
3146:"Transcript of interview with Ltd Gen Martin Dempsey, June 1 2007"
2062:
AeroVironment unmanned aircraft systems, maintenance, and training
6488:
5758:
5715:
4895:
4840:
2190:
2182:
2090:
1995:
1929:
1681:
1622:
1440:
1431:
shifted focus from a resistance against the occupation towards a
1380:(MNSTC-I) as a subordinate command to MNF-I, under Major General
1156:, which led to refugees fleeing north in 1991. The U.S. launched
880:
646:
on January 1, 2009, the Iraqi Armed Forces and the forces of the
411:
196:
3387:
3385:
2270:
in Tehran in 2005, and the Iranians pledged to give assistance.
2133:
in the late stages of their war with Iran during the so-called "
5638:
5293:
4496:
2680:
2409:
2163:
2130:
1958:
1874:
1828:
1761:
1633:
1244:
1079:
1014:
873:
865:
849:
802:
798:
424:
398:
3500:
2384:
The war is known in the Arab world and other countries as the
1885:
of 1958, the Iraqi Navy began to expand. Based in the port of
1345:
In the interim, the new army had been formally established by
1094:
946:
Iraqi commanders discussing strategy on the battlefront (1986)
521:. Along with these primary service branches, there exists the
7260:
6339:
5851:
4835:
3382:
3186:
2166:
self-propelled artillery system. At sea the Iraqis built the
2009:
1890:
1889:, the Arabic Gulf Academy for Sea Studies was established in
1813:
1685:
1464:
1307:
Iraqi special forces soldiers with M4A1 carbines, March 2020.
916:
888:
845:
801:. In 1938–1939, Iraqi Army forces were concentrated near the
52:
2089:
Northrop Grumman ATK contractor logistic support for Iraq's
1625:
tank of the 5th Mechanized Division which saw action in the
1168:
dominated Iraqi airspace in the southern part of Iraq while
5971:
5046:
5023:
4766:
4760:
4534:
4411:
Michael Eisenstadt, 'The Iraqi Armed Forces Two Years On,'
3613:
2099:
Scientia Global digital mobile radio equipment and training
1639:
The Iraqi Army in its modern form was first created by the
1456:
1146:
1114:, that later took on a battlefield role. Losses during the
966:
927:
876:
765:
707:
498:
3575:"Iraq cobbling together makeshift air force to fight ISIS"
2999:
2542:
1965:, towing a well camouflaged minelaying barge, and the tug
1212:
In the 1980s and 1990s, Iraq built and used an arsenal of
1138:
864:), Iraq sought Western military equipment. Purchases from
7289:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world
4488:
3705:"Iraqi Security Forces Order of Battle: July 2008 Update"
2905:
2903:
2901:
2724:
2584:
2083:
Lockheed Martin Integrated Air Defense System sustainment
1491:
was the first province to be transferred. Twelve further
1368:. Soon afterwards, U.S. forces in Iraq were reorganised.
1326:." MPRI was given the military training subcontract. The
1192:
was a later 1995–2007 operation of the same nature. More
1172:
did the same in the north. As a result of Iraqi actions,
955:
207:
4437:
Andrew Rathmell, 'Iraq's Military: Waiting for Change,'
2120:
4393:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press.
829:, deterred any move though. Iraqi forces fought in the
5955:
4404:
Jane's Pointer, 'Iraq changes command structure,' 1993
4188:"Maj. Gen. Cucolo interview, DVIDS, February 17, 2010"
3755:
Iraqi Force Development and the Challenge of Civil War
3605:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (1991).
2898:
2652:
http://www.uniraq.org/documents/iraqi_constitution.pdf
817:. The Iraqi Air Force used British aircraft until the
596:
of 1991, which led in turn to confrontations over the
1904:
Between 1977 and 1987, the Iraqi Navy received eight
1443:, a cycle of sectarian violence accelerated in which
1102:
of Iraqi-occupied Kuwait on 2 August 1990 during the
4434:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln/London, 2002
4332:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
3633:"Ship to Shore Logistics – 04 (History – 2003 Iraq)"
3428:"Commentary: Fostering Iraqi Army Logistics Success"
3035:
2219:
1632:
The Iraqi Army, officially the Iraqi Ground Forces (
1164:
were established partially due to these operations.
805:
border, as the military portion of a policy by then-
3521:"Iraq air force wants Iran to give back its planes"
3362:
2758:
This section is drawn from Pollack, 2002, p.177–178
2311:
List of current equipment of the Iraqi Armed Forces
1831:aircraft. The air force's peak came after the long
6082:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
4448:
3330:
3174:
3011:
2861:. Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing. p. 89.
2727:Unholy Babylon: The Secret History of Saddam's War
2258:While Iran has been accused of involvement in the
2029:
6556:Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq
4265:Broder, JOHN M.; Jehl, DOUGLAS (13 August 1990).
4147:Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
2843:(Summer 1988) – via www.foreignaffairs.com.
1378:Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq
7298:
7075:
4446:
3506:
3338:"Graft Hobbles Iraq's Military In Fighting Isis"
2686:
2611:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 272–298,
2552:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
2429:"Popular Mobilisation Forces Committee Law 2016"
2058:) to Iraq during the fiscal year 2020 included:
1788:. Before the creation of the new air force, the
1196:were launched in 1996. Iraq was bombed again in
1070:, which had sided with Iran. The United States,
1041:Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of Iran's
576:. Two wars against the Kurds were fought during
2808:The Soul of Iran: A Nation's Journey to Freedom
2049:
1404:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546
1349:of August 18, 2003. Then on September 3, 2003,
1176:were launched in June 1993. The same year, the
4350:
3635:. Think Defence. 5 August 2013. Archived from
3192:
3181:DoD News Briefing with Brig. Gen. Dana Pittard
2749:This section is drawn from Pollack 2002, p.167
1410:forces had seen the fighting as conventional '
1406:. For periods immediately after the invasion,
1313:Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2
1298:
1054:operating for both countries—most notably the
1050:conclusion of the war. There were a number of
7061:
6689:
6431:
6108:Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq
5941:
4742:
4517:
4330:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–91
3767:
3765:
3763:
3413:
3411:
3102:
2513:International Institute for Strategic Studies
2198:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1700:The Army extensively collaborated with Iraqi
1017:. The war followed a long-running history of
862:SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, Iraq 1973–1990
756:Iraqi Army mountain gun in action during the
718:Iraq's legislation on defence dates from the
73: 'The army is the wall of the homeland'
4659:Private Security Company Association of Iraq
4443:, Vol. 7, No.2, February 1995, p. 76–80
4432:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91
3747:
2711:Library of Congress Country Studies: Iraq, '
2545:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022"
2538:
2536:
2266:met with his Iranian colleague Rear Admiral
1513:. The IA received Coalition support only in
1132:Directorate of General Military Intelligence
1047:Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
937:
919:without shooting down any Israeli aircraft.
4447:Al-Marashi, Ibrahim; Salama, Sammy (2008).
4388:
3657:
3292:
3070:
3005:
2382:حرب الخليج الأولى, الحرب الإيرانية العراقية
1332:Coalition Military Assistance Training Team
1271:. In the north, the special operations-led
1222:United Nations Security Council Resolutions
1021:, as a result of which Iraq had planned to
564:of 1941. They fought against Israel in the
549:. The armed forces are administered by the
27:Ministry of Defence military forces of Iraq
7068:
7054:
6696:
6682:
5948:
5934:
4749:
4735:
4524:
4510:
4451:Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History
4389:Wright, Donald R.; Reese, Timothy (2008).
4351:Rayburn, Joel D; Sobchak, Frank K (2019).
4264:
4070:
3760:
3702:
3426:Lieutenant Colonel Thomas M. Magee, USAR,
3408:
2909:
2725:Darwish, Adel; Alexander, Gregory (1991).
1525:. A British infantry brigade stationed at
1395:as a component of the Iraqi Armed Forces.
879:in 1977. That same year, Iraq ordered ten
6105:Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party
5057:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
4087:"Iraq Dossier:Director's press statement"
3405:, Article on MNF-I website, 20 April 2006
3212:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-03-02
2847:
2533:
907:of 1973 took the part of a 60,000 strong
760:against a revolt in Kurdistan, June 1932.
4881:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
4359:
4289:
4079:
3619:
3041:
2960:
2833:"The Iran-Iraq War: A Military Analysis"
2799:
2519:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 358.
1897:. Much of the Navy was destroyed during
1860:
1744:
1729:
1616:
1497:
1347:Coalition Provisional Authority Order 22
1302:
1139:growing domestic arms producing industry
1093:
941:
872:fighter-attack aircraft in 1976 and 200
751:
701:
693:
634:, which resulted in the toppling of the
6072:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
4327:
3476:
3474:
2729:. London: Victor Gollancz. p. 13.
2590:
2507:
2505:
2405:
2403:
1207:
1089:
14:
7299:
6703:
6617:Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah
6320:Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance
4424:, pp. 88–110. London: Croom Helm.
4113:
4107:
3773:"For Iraqi Soldiers, A Medical Morass"
3518:
3480:
3080:US Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual
2805:
2671:Order 22: Creation of a New Iraqi Army
1918:("Styx") anti-ship missiles, from the
1253:Combined Forces Land Component Command
891:and in 1978 it purchased 200 Cascavel
7049:
6677:
6559:Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions
5929:
5616:
5508:
5330:
5205:
4778:
4730:
4505:
4235:
4233:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3318:from the original on 30 December 2011
3279:, October 2009. See also Nick Padlo,
2935:
2853:
2830:
2609:The Culture of Military Organizations
2602:
2121:Defense industry under Saddam Hussein
1342:. They graduated on October 4, 2003.
958:that began on 22 September 1980 when
606:dissolution of the Iraqi armed forces
5910:
5852:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
4704:Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
4308:
3675:"On Its Own: The Iraqi Navy in 2005"
3471:
3350:from the original on 13 October 2017
3249:"Annex H 2010 Updates, January 2010"
2781:The Iraqi Army in the Yom Kippur War
2767:Pollack, 2002, p.175, citing Dupuy,
2502:
2400:
2351:Al-Quwwat Al-Musallahah Al-Iraqiyyah
1710:Yom Kippur War/1973 Arab–Israeli War
1538:U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
1058:, which had sided with Iraq and the
644:U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
5900:
4677:Iraqi National Intelligence Service
3672:
3483:"Iraqi Air Force Since 1948 Part 1"
2457:"Constitution of Iraq (article 78)"
2443:"Constitution of Iraq (article 73)"
2381:
2373:
2358:
2343:
2242:Defense Security Cooperation Agency
2146:was launched to build a series of "
640:United States Department of Defense
69:
61:
24:
7007:Dependencies and other territories
4455:. London and New York: Routledge.
4398:
4292:Desert Victory: The War for Kuwait
4277:from the original on 16 March 2016
4230:
4173:British Broadcasting Corporation,
3910:"Contracts for September 30, 2020"
3790:"Contracts for September 25, 2020"
3757:, CSIS, April 26, 2007, p. 72
3437:
2558:from the original on 25 April 2022
1719:
1372:(MNF-I) was created under General
1291:was established to administer the
642:. Since the implementation of the
600:during the 1990s, and finally the
46:Emblem of the Armed Forces of Iraq
25:
7328:
6474:Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam
4482:
4175:Iranians to train Iraq's military
3982:"Contracts for December 31, 2019"
3886:"Contracts for December 23, 2019"
3838:"Contracts for February 20, 2020"
3609:. London: Brassey's. p. 108.
2471:"CIA – The World Factbook – Iraq"
2273:In 2010, U.S. Army Major General
2220:International defense cooperation
1576:. The college was established at
1560:, the Army Aviation Command, the
1137:Under Saddam Hussein, Iraq had a
678:
584:. A much larger conflict was the
7231:Autonomous regional armed forces
7217:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5909:
5899:
5889:
5880:
5879:
5185:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
4759:
4654:Department of Border Enforcement
4533:
4211:
4006:"Contracts for January 22, 2020"
3958:"Contracts for December 5, 2019"
3485:. Air Combat Information Group.
3295:, pp. 434, 438, 453, 476–7.
3055:"A Thin Blue Line in the Sand,"
2831:Segal, David (28 January 2009).
2175:Iraqi biological weapons program
1688:infantry fighting vehicles. The
1533:role, but it did not intervene.
1353:Order Number 28 established the
417:
404:
391:
378:
365:
291:
272:
253:
234:
153:
140:
127:
40:
7204:States with limited recognition
6969:States with limited recognition
5664:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
5087:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
5077:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
4816:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
4691:Iraqi Falcons Intelligence Cell
4258:
4205:
4180:
4167:
4152:
4140:
4046:
4022:
3998:
3974:
3950:
3926:
3902:
3878:
3854:
3830:
3806:
3782:
3722:
3696:
3666:
3651:
3625:
3598:
3587:from the original on 2017-09-01
3567:
3556:from the original on 2017-08-24
3542:
3531:from the original on 2017-10-11
3512:
3489:from the original on 2016-07-10
3460:from the original on 2008-09-10
3420:
3298:
3262:
3241:
3222:
3198:
3138:
3047:
2975:
2966:
2929:
2915:
2883:
2824:
2790:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2718:
2713:Iraq as an independent monarchy
2705:
2692:
2664:
2640:
2596:
2570:
2411:Coalition Provisional Authority
2363:
2093:Cessna 208 and Cessna 172 fleet
2030:Challenges for the armed forces
2008:built for Iraq in the 1980s by
1766:Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Iraqiya
1653:invasion of Iraq by U.S. forces
1554:Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service
1400:Coalition Provisional Authority
1364:refused to fight insurgents in
1351:Coalition Provisional Authority
1289:Coalition Provisional Authority
924:Iranian–Iraqi Algiers agreement
720:Coalition Provisional Authority
689:Transitional Administrative Law
610:Coalition Provisional Authority
604:of 2003, which resulted in the
537:according to Article 78 of the
523:Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service
497:are the military forces of the
7015:British Indian Ocean Territory
6441:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
4947:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
4422:The Integration of Modern Iraq
4054:"Contracts for April 29, 2020"
3934:"Contracts for March 18, 2020"
3735:. 17 February 2006. p. 45
3238:– NATO Training Mission – Iraq
2936:Moger, Jourden Travis (2021).
2488:
2463:
2449:
2435:
2421:
2333:
2316:Uniforms of Iraqi Armed Forces
2246:Office of Security Cooperation
2179:Iraqi chemical weapons program
1194:cruise missile strikes on Iraq
1174:cruise missile strikes on Iraq
1149:'s arms producing industry.
13:
1:
6451:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
6234:Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya
6054:Facilities Protection Service
5206:
4649:Facilities Protection Service
4417:, March 1993, p. 121–127
4374:10.1080/03071847.2022.2149124
4030:"Contracts for June 29, 2020"
3814:"Contracts for July 31, 2020"
3396:The New Iraqi Security Forces
2675:Order 67: Ministry of Defense
2394:
2054:U.S. foreign military sales (
1856:
1704:during anti-ISIL operations.
1606:
1597:Kurdistan Regional Government
1398:After the dissolution of the
5443:in ISIL-controlled territory
5331:
4684:General Security Directorate
4467:(one callmark UA853.I72 ALM)
4328:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002).
4114:Obeidi, Mahdi (2004-09-26).
3862:"Contracts for May 29, 2020"
3607:The Military Balance 1991-92
3507:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
3456:. globalsecurity.org. 2005.
3368:U.S. Department of Defense,
3283:, smallwarsjournal.com, 2008
2923:"Air Defense Command - Iraq"
2859:The Iran–Iraq War, 1980–1988
2775:, 303–04, Edgar O'Ballance,
2715:,' 1988, accessed March 2010
2687:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
2224:From 2003 to 2010, the U.S.
2050:Purchases from U.S. Industry
2023:Rigid-hulled inflatable boat
1751:Tucson International Airport
1697:M tanks from 2010 and 2013.
1574:NATO Training Mission - Iraq
1543:
1503:3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment
1470:Iraq War troop surge of 2007
1463:retaliated with killings in
1261:I Marine Expeditionary Force
1255:drove north with the Army's
7:
7317:1921 establishments in Iraq
6642:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
6632:Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah
6586:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
6254:Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
6229:Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
6219:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
6146:Popular Mobilization Forces
5617:
5509:
5354:Council of Representatives
5092:Weapons of mass destruction
4779:
4611:Popular Mobilization Forces
4159:Allied Rapid Reaction Corps
3519:Colvin, Ross (2007-08-05).
2963:, pp. 61, 109, 349–52.
2475:Central Intelligence Agency
2304:
2238:United States Forces – Iraq
2234:Multi-National Force – Iraq
2230:Combined Joint Task Force 7
2170:naval moored contact mine.
1702:Popular Mobilization Forces
1527:Basra International Airport
1386:Ministry of Interior (Iraq)
1299:Rebuilding the Armed Forces
1190:Operation Vigilant Sentinel
1033:(also known in Iran as the
975:Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
903:Iraqi participation in the
527:Popular Mobilization Forces
471:List of wars involving Iraq
178:Popular Mobilization Forces
63:
10:
7333:
6759:People's Republic of China
6269:Islamic Resistance in Iraq
5082:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
4472:Jane's Intelligence Review
4440:Jane's Intelligence Review
4414:Jane's Intelligence Review
4058:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
4034:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
4010:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3986:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3962:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3938:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3914:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3890:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3866:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3842:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3818:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3794:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
3703:DJ Elliott (4 July 2008).
3673:Axe, David (August 2005).
3417:Pollack, 2002, p. 265
3193:Rayburn & Sobchak 2019
1764:: القوات الجوية العراقية,
1723:
1610:
1412:fighting in built up areas
1186:Operation Vigilant Warrior
1056:People's Mujahedin of Iran
768:began to be formed by the
745:
741:
632:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq
547:chief of the general staff
286:Chief of the General Staff
7284:
7246:
7230:
7202:
7084:
7005:
6967:
6709:
6591:Black Banner Organization
6571:
6539:
6530:
6487:
6421:
6372:
6338:
6284:
6274:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
6135:
6125:
6062:
6001:
5967:
5875:
5774:
5629:
5625:
5612:
5517:
5504:
5339:
5326:
5214:
5201:
5022:
4939:
4791:
4787:
4774:
4699:
4667:
4624:
4601:
4546:
4311:The Military Balance 2019
4290:Friedman, Norman (1992).
4116:"Saddam, the Bomb and Me"
3392:Multi-National Force Iraq
2987:Northrop Grumman Newsroom
2779:, 317–18, and Tzvi Ofer,
2617:10.1017/9781108622752.013
2517:The Military Balance 2024
2284:In July 2015, during the
2177:(not to be confused with
1922:. It also purchased four
1661:withdrawal of U.S. troops
1570:Iraqi Air Defence Command
1556:. MOD forces include the
1393:Iraqi Ministry of Defence
1370:Multi-National Force-Iraq
1355:Iraqi Civil Defense Corps
1178:Iraqi Air Defence Command
1158:Operation Provide Comfort
1029:and the east bank of the
956:protracted armed conflict
938:Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
728:Multi-National Force-Iraq
479:
454:
449:
441:
433:
357:
350:
340:
335:
327:
317:
309:
304:
284:
265:
246:
227:
220:
202:
186:
166:Iraqi Air Defence Command
114:
96:
78:
51:
39:
34:
6654:Wakefulness and Holy War
6627:Mujahideen Shura Council
6607:Hassan Al-Basri Brigades
6502:Êzîdxan Protection Force
6354:Kurdistan Workers' Party
6305:1920 Revolution Brigades
5433:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
5344:Administrative divisions
3059:, issue #5, Summer 2007.
2777:No Victor, No Vanquished
2677:, accessed 26 March 2010
2326:
2080:long range radar systems
1690:Hungarian Defence Forces
1529:was ready in a tactical
1485:Provincial Iraqi Control
1418:. After a review of the
1360:In April 2004, an Iraqi
1202:Operation Southern Focus
1170:Operation Northern Watch
1166:Operation Southern Watch
1128:Special Republican Guard
1106:that began the Gulf War.
1104:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
1043:post-revolutionary chaos
813:of May 1941, during the
776:, it was agreed that an
748:Military history of Iraq
463:Military history of Iraq
260:Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
7307:Law enforcement in Iraq
7025:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6649:Shield of Islam Brigade
6602:Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army
6581:Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq
6512:Sinjar Resistance Units
6469:Syriac Military Council
6403:Brigade of Imam Hussein
6359:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
4992:Mandate for Mesopotamia
4866:First Babylonian Empire
3753:Cordesman, Anthony H.,
3293:Wright & Reese 2008
3006:Wright & Reese 2008
2806:Molavi, Afshin (2005).
2344:القوات المسلحة العراقية
2214:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
1749:Iraqi F-16D landing at
1489:Al Muthanna Governorate
983:1979 Iranian Revolution
789:and the last being the
758:anti-Barzani operations
673:
648:Iraqi interior ministry
84:; 103 years ago
7276:People's Defense Units
6204:Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda
5151:Insurgency (2011–2013)
5072:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
4876:Middle Assyrian Empire
2910:Broder & Jehl 1990
2578:"Constitution of Iraq"
2431:. Ministry of Justice.
2359:هێزە چەکدارەکانی عێراق
2321:Military ranks of Iraq
2216:as weapons designers.
1866:
1753:
1742:
1684:main battle tanks and
1647:of British control of
1629:
1550:Prime Minister of Iraq
1511:Battle of Basra (2008)
1506:
1474:Iraqi Assistance Group
1318:On June 25, 2003, the
1308:
1154:1991 uprisings in Iraq
1143:Lion of Babylon (tank)
1107:
1007:pre-revolutionary Iran
947:
761:
711:
699:
531:Prime Minister of Iraq
501:. They consist of the
486:Military ranks of Iraq
102:; 21 years ago
6612:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna
6517:Êzîdxan Women's Units
6330:Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq
6182:Special Groups (Iraq)
6158:'s Mahdi Army faction
6033:Iraqi security forces
5438:in post-invasion Iraq
5144:U.S. troop withdrawal
4906:Neo-Babylonian Empire
4540:Iraqi security forces
2892:Jane's Defence Weekly
2796:Pollack 2002, 182–183
2515:(February 13, 2024).
2279:Operation Bright Star
2226:Department of Defense
2040:2003 invasion of Iraq
1881:force. Following the
1864:
1841:2003 invasion of Iraq
1792:was in charge of all
1748:
1733:
1620:
1552:, which oversees the
1501:
1437:Golden mosque bombing
1435:. Accelerated by the
1414:,' rather than as an
1328:Department of Defense
1306:
1249:2003 invasion of Iraq
1247:assistance began the
1097:
971:UN-brokered ceasefire
945:
842:3rd Armoured Division
831:1948 Arab–Israeli War
755:
705:
697:
660:military intelligence
566:1948 Arab–Israeli War
507:Army Aviation Command
346:$ 10.3 billion (2023)
7189:United Arab Emirates
6944:United Arab Emirates
6446:Nineveh Plain Forces
6315:Islamic Army in Iraq
6214:Kata'ib Jund al-Imam
6192:Promised Day Brigade
6042:Iraqi Police Service
5387:Council of Ministers
5269:Mesopotamian Marshes
4634:Ministry of Interior
4430:Kenneth M. Pollack,
3709:The Long War Journal
3639:on 26 September 2013
3481:Cooper, Tom (2003).
3454:Global security IQAF
3346:. 23 November 2014.
2580:. ConstituteProject.
2459:. ConstituteProject.
2445:. ConstituteProject.
1816:bombers from Italy.
1802:RAF College Cranwell
1794:British Armed Forces
1374:George W. Casey, Jr.
1334:under Major General
1208:Iraq War (2003-2011)
1198:Operation Desert Fox
1090:Gulf War (1990–1991)
764:The armed forces of
685:Constitution of Iraq
539:constitution of Iraq
445:$ 1.8 billion (2023)
437:$ 2.4 billion (2023)
82:6 February 1921
6383:Iraqi Turkmen Front
6295:Tribal Mobilization
6209:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
5649:Mesopotamian Arabic
5455:Freedom of religion
4901:Neo-Assyrian Empire
4871:Old Assyrian Period
4856:Neo-Sumerian Empire
4639:Ministry of Justice
4615:Tribal Mobilization
4556:Ministry of Defence
4497:Ministry of Defence
4489:Ministry of Defence
4474:), 2 February 1999.
4241:"NATO Mission Iraq"
4214:"NATO Mission Iraq"
3777:The Washington Post
3580:The Washington Post
3314:. 15 October 2011.
3311:The Huffington Post
2972:Rathmell RAND 2005.
2771:, 532–534, Herzog,
2413:(August 18, 2003).
2116:and FN America LLC.
1320:Vinnell Corporation
1281:Battle of Nasiriyah
1234:Bush Administration
1226:weapons inspections
989:-majority Iraq and
624:during 2013-2017.
592:, which led to the
551:Ministry of Defence
515:Air Defence Command
299:Abdel Emir Yarallah
267:Minister of Defence
172:Paramilitary Forces
135:Iraqi Ground Forces
100:18 August 2003
7076:Militaries of the
6704:Militaries of Asia
6310:Jaish al-Rashideen
6239:Quwwat Sahl Ninawa
6172:Soldiers of Heaven
6011:Iraqi Armed Forces
5580:Telecommunications
5555:Foreign Investment
5492:Wars and conflicts
5428:in pre-Saddam Iraq
5392:Presidency Council
5178:2019–2021 protests
5107:Invasion of Kuwait
4931:Sassanid Asorestan
4926:Parthian Babylonia
4921:Seleucid Babylonia
4916:Achaemenid Assyria
4831:Jemdet Nasr period
4561:Iraqi Armed Forces
4120:The New York Times
3622:, p. 361-364.
3434:, July–August 2008
3401:2006-07-18 at the
3375:2009-11-23 at the
3343:The New York Times
3275:2011-05-01 at the
3234:2007-06-12 at the
3210:The World Factbook
3064:2010-10-27 at the
3053:Carter Malkasian,
2657:2012-02-13 at the
2593:, pp. 264–66.
2264:Saadoun al-Dulaimi
2250:Lieutenant General
2248:, Iraq, headed by
2202:The New York Times
2160:Tabuk Sniper Rifle
1883:14 July Revolution
1867:
1812:attack planes and
1754:
1743:
1674:United States Army
1630:
1507:
1433:sectarian conflict
1425:counter-insurgency
1309:
1263:(which included a
1218:biological weapons
1162:Iraqi no-fly zones
1124:Iraqi Popular Army
1108:
1027:Khuzestan Province
948:
932:Iraqi Popular Army
819:14 July Revolution
762:
712:
700:
598:Iraqi no-fly zones
590:invasion of Kuwait
572:, and in the 1973
535:commander-in-chief
495:Iraqi Armed Forces
248:Commander-in-chief
241:Abdul Latif Rashid
35:Iraqi Armed Forces
7294:
7293:
7043:
7042:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6526:
6525:
6464:
6463:
6408:Sayyid al-Shuhada
6264:Liwa Ali al-Akbar
6259:Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
6197:Kata'ib Hezbollah
6187:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
6177:Free Iraqi Forces
6162:Badr Organization
6048:Supporting Forces
5923:
5922:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5857:Mandaean New Year
5608:
5607:
5500:
5499:
5482:Political parties
5377:Foreign relations
5322:
5321:
5229:Lower Mesopotamia
5224:Upper Mesopotamia
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
4957:Abbasid Caliphate
4952:Umayyad Caliphate
4861:Isin-Larsa period
4724:
4723:
4586:Air Defence Force
4462:978-0-415-40078-7
4339:978-0-8032-3733-9
4271:Los Angeles Times
3771:Karin Brulliard,
3658:Global Security.
3450:"Iraqi Air Force"
3153:defendamerica.mil
3117:defendamerica.mil
3031:on July 25, 2007.
2868:978-1-84176-371-2
2817:978-0-393-32597-3
2773:Arab–Israeli Wars
2736:978-0-7881-5108-8
2698:Samir al-Khalil,
2626:978-1-108-48573-9
2206:Nassir al-Hindawi
2135:War of the Cities
1582:first lieutenants
1523:embedded advisors
1315:of May 23, 2003.
1285:Battle of Baghdad
1273:Task Force Viking
827:Operation Vantage
683:Article 9 of the
543:president of Iraq
491:
490:
358:Foreign suppliers
310:Military age
229:President of Iraq
193:Republican Palace
16:(Redirected from
7324:
7312:Military of Iraq
7248:Non-state actors
7086:Sovereign states
7070:
7063:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7020:Christmas Island
6711:Sovereign states
6698:
6691:
6684:
6675:
6674:
6637:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
6573:Salafi Jihadists
6537:
6536:
6497:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
6429:
6428:
6364:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
6300:Awakening groups
6167:Sheibani Network
6133:
6132:
6003:Iraqi government
5996:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5927:
5926:
5913:
5912:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5883:
5882:
5627:
5626:
5614:
5613:
5545:
5506:
5505:
5357:
5328:
5327:
5314:Sinjar Mountains
5304:Zagros Mountains
5244:Hamrin Mountains
5203:
5202:
5166:Mosul liberation
5139:Iraqi insurgency
5061:National Command
5050:
4886:Simurrum culture
4789:
4788:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4538:
4537:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4503:
4502:
4493:
4466:
4454:
4394:
4385:
4362:The RUSI Journal
4356:
4343:
4324:
4305:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4165:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3769:
3758:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3681:. Archived from
3670:
3664:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3446:
3435:
3432:Army Logistician
3424:
3418:
3415:
3406:
3389:
3380:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3245:
3239:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3162:on 27 March 2009
3161:
3155:. Archived from
3150:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3126:on 27 March 2009
3125:
3119:. Archived from
3114:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3082:, December 2006"
3074:
3068:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3024:. Archived from
3023:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2942:history.army.mil
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2722:
2716:
2709:
2703:
2700:Republic of Fear
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2668:
2662:
2650:, accessible at
2644:
2638:
2637:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2407:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2374:جنگ ایران و عراق
2367:
2361:
2360:
2345:
2337:
2286:war against ISIS
2260:Iraqi insurgency
2253:Robert L. Caslen
2066:BAE Systems Inc.
1790:RAF Iraq Command
1760:(IQAF or IrAF) (
1657:Iraqi insurgency
1651:. Following the
1645:inter-war period
1627:Battle of Khafji
1453:suicide-bombings
1449:Sunni insurgents
1429:Iraqi insurgency
1182:Republican Guard
1116:Persian Gulf War
1112:Republican Guard
1062:militias of the
1025:Iran's oil-rich
913:fighter aircraft
815:Second World War
774:Cairo conference
622:war against ISIS
499:Republic of Iraq
465:
450:Related articles
423:
421:
420:
410:
408:
407:
397:
395:
394:
384:
382:
381:
371:
369:
368:
328:Active personnel
296:
295:
294:
279:Thabet Al Abbasi
277:
276:
275:
258:
257:
256:
239:
238:
237:
216:
213:
211:
209:
159:
157:
156:
146:
144:
143:
133:
131:
130:
116:Service branches
110:
108:
103:
92:
90:
85:
74:
71:
67:
66:
44:
32:
31:
21:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7280:
7271:Houthi movement
7242:
7226:
7198:
7080:
7074:
7044:
7039:
7001:
6987:Northern Cyprus
6963:
6864:Myanmar (Burma)
6705:
6702:
6672:
6663:
6567:
6563:Mohammad's Army
6552:Mujahideen Army
6522:
6507:Sinjar Alliance
6483:
6479:Babylon Brigade
6460:
6423:Assyrian/Syriac
6417:
6413:Bashir Regiment
6368:
6334:
6280:
6224:Saraya al-Jihad
6121:
6117:Free Iraqi Army
6112:Al-Abud Network
6102:Patriotic Front
6077:Fedayeen Saddam
6058:
6045:National Police
6021:Iraqi Air Force
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5963:
5954:
5924:
5919:
5863:
5847:Public holidays
5770:
5621:
5604:
5543:
5513:
5496:
5355:
5335:
5318:
5249:Iraqi Kurdistan
5239:Euphrates river
5210:
5189:
5156:War (2014–2017)
5102:Operation Opera
5048:
5018:
5014:Arab Federation
5002:Kingdom of Iraq
4935:
4911:Fall of Babylon
4846:Akkadian Empire
4821:Samarra culture
4806:Hassuna culture
4783:
4770:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4725:
4720:
4695:
4663:
4626:Law enforcement
4620:
4597:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4491:
4485:
4463:
4401:
4399:Further reading
4340:
4321:
4302:
4280:
4278:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4243:. 21 March 2024
4239:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4220:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4132:
4130:
4112:
4108:
4099:
4097:
4096:on June 7, 2006
4093:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4062:
4060:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3966:
3964:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
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3798:
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3788:
3787:
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3770:
3761:
3752:
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3738:
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3732:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3701:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3492:
3490:
3479:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3409:
3403:Wayback Machine
3390:
3383:
3379:, April 3, 2008
3377:Wayback Machine
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3277:Wayback Machine
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3236:Wayback Machine
3227:
3223:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3183:, June 25, 2007
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3066:Wayback Machine
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2899:
2888:
2884:
2869:
2852:
2848:
2837:Foreign Affairs
2829:
2825:
2818:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2769:Elusive Victory
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2723:
2719:
2710:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2669:
2665:
2661:, page 5 of 43.
2659:Wayback Machine
2645:
2641:
2627:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2408:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2368:
2364:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2307:
2222:
2187:botulinum toxin
2144:Project Babylon
2139:Lion of Babylon
2123:
2078:Lockheed Martin
2052:
2032:
1899:Operation Pearl
1859:
1821:Royal Air Force
1758:Iraqi Air Force
1740:Iraqi Air Force
1728:
1726:Iraqi Air Force
1722:
1720:Iraqi Air Force
1615:
1609:
1562:Iraqi Air Force
1546:
1301:
1275:, defeated the
1269:Fedayeen Saddam
1210:
1098:Iraqi tanks in
1092:
1040:
1019:border disputes
940:
848:bomber raid on
811:Anglo-Iraqi War
795:Simele massacre
783:Iraqi Air Force
750:
744:
681:
676:
608:imposed by the
562:Anglo-Iraqi War
511:Iraqi Air Force
475:
467:
466:
461:
429:
418:
416:
405:
403:
392:
390:
379:
377:
366:
364:
292:
290:
273:
271:
254:
252:
235:
233:
206:
182:
170:
161:Iraqi Air Force
154:
152:
141:
139:
128:
126:
106:
104:
101:
88:
86:
83:
72:
68:
64:الجيش سور الوطن
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7292:
7291:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7252:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7090:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7073:
7072:
7065:
7058:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6973:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6678:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6492:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6433:Nineveh Plains
6426:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6345:
6343:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6130:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5961:Iraqi conflict
5953:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5930:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5887:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5623:
5622:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5585:Transportation
5582:
5577:
5575:Stock Exchange
5572:
5570:Reconstruction
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Infrastructure
5547:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5430:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5409:Prime Minister
5406:
5405:
5404:
5394:
5389:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5126:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5117:1991 uprisings
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:Saddam Hussein
5064:
5053:
5052:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5009:
4999:
4997:Mandatory Iraq
4994:
4989:
4986:Mamluk dynasty
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Gutian dynasty
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4785:
4784:
4772:
4771:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4607:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4591:Special Forces
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4483:External links
4481:
4480:
4479:
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4468:
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4435:
4428:
4425:
4418:
4409:
4405:
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4397:
4396:
4395:
4386:
4368:(4–5): 26–39.
4357:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4325:
4320:978-1857439885
4319:
4306:
4300:
4287:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4229:
4204:
4179:
4177:, July 7, 2005
4166:
4151:
4139:
4106:
4078:
4069:
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4021:
3997:
3973:
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3925:
3901:
3877:
3853:
3829:
3805:
3781:
3779:, May 7, 2005.
3759:
3746:
3721:
3695:
3665:
3650:
3624:
3612:
3597:
3566:
3552:. 2014-06-28.
3541:
3511:
3499:
3470:
3436:
3419:
3407:
3381:
3361:
3329:
3297:
3285:
3261:
3240:
3221:
3197:
3195:, p. 577.
3185:
3173:
3137:
3101:
3069:
3046:
3034:
3010:
3008:, p. 436.
2998:
2974:
2965:
2953:
2928:
2914:
2897:
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2823:
2816:
2798:
2789:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2689:, p. 215.
2679:
2663:
2648:United Nations
2639:
2625:
2595:
2583:
2569:
2532:
2526:978-1032780047
2525:
2501:
2487:
2462:
2448:
2434:
2420:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:First Gulf War
2362:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2221:
2218:
2127:Saddam Hussein
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2104:Balad Air Base
2100:
2097:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2051:
2048:
2031:
2028:
2015:Diciotti class
1858:
1855:
1825:Saddam Hussein
1806:United Kingdom
1786:United Kingdom
1770:aerial warfare
1736:C-130 Hercules
1724:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1666:New York Times
1649:Mandatory Iraq
1641:United Kingdom
1611:Main article:
1608:
1605:
1545:
1542:
1459:districts and
1382:David Petraeus
1324:New Iraqi Army
1300:
1297:
1209:
1206:
1091:
1088:
1084:Arab countries
1072:United Kingdom
939:
936:
905:Yom Kippur War
770:United Kingdom
746:Main article:
743:
740:
680:
679:Legal standing
677:
675:
672:
636:Saddam Hussein
574:Yom Kippur War
568:, in the 1967
489:
488:
483:
477:
476:
474:
473:
460:
459:
458:
456:
452:
451:
447:
446:
443:
442:Annual exports
439:
438:
435:
434:Annual imports
431:
430:
428:
427:
414:
401:
388:
386:United Kingdom
375:
361:
359:
355:
354:
348:
347:
344:
338:
337:
333:
332:
331:193,000 (2024)
329:
325:
324:
321:
315:
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307:
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288:
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269:
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150:
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98:
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80:
76:
75:
55:
49:
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45:
37:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7329:
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7288:
7283:
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7264:
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7256:Islamic State
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7012:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6982:South Ossetia
6980:
6978:
6975:
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6970:
6966:
6960:
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6630:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6622:Islamic State
6620:
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6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6592:
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6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Hamas of Iraq
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:Sunni Islamic
6283:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
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5994:
5987:
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5908:
5906:
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5878:
5877:
5874:
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5843:
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5798:
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5779:
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5773:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5721:Iraqi Turkmen
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5640:
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5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5598:
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5561:
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5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5356:(legislative)
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Syrian Desert
5287:
5285:
5284:Shatt al-Arab
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5219:Faw peninsula
5217:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5161:Fall of Mosul
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:U.S. invasion
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5097:Iran–Iraq War
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Buyid dynasty
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4811:Halaf culture
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:Army Aviation
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:. Routledge.
4312:
4309:IISS (2019).
4307:
4303:
4301:1-55750-255-2
4297:
4293:
4288:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4073:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3756:
3750:
3731:
3725:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3685:on 2005-11-06
3684:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3654:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3621:
3620:Friedman 1992
3616:
3608:
3601:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3509:, p. 35.
3508:
3503:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3141:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3090:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3043:
3042:Robinson 2022
3038:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2962:
2961:Friedman 1992
2957:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:Karsh, Efraim
2850:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2708:
2702:, 1990, p.170
2701:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2491:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2444:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2268:Ali Shamkhani
2265:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:, and is now
2235:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2210:Rihab al-Taha
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:There was an
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1914:, armed with
1913:
1912:missile boats
1910:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:Iran–Iraq War
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:United States
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:Iran–Iraq War
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1714:Iran–Iraq War
1711:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Ar Rustamiyah
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1461:Shia militias
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:United States
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Iraqi Kurdish
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:Shatt al-Arab
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:United States
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
965:neighbouring
964:
961:
957:
953:
952:Iran–Iraq War
944:
935:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
759:
754:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
721:
716:
709:
704:
696:
692:
690:
686:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Iran–Iraq War
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:Ground forces
500:
496:
487:
484:
482:
478:
472:
469:
468:
464:
457:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
426:
415:
413:
402:
400:
389:
387:
376:
374:
373:United States
363:
362:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
343:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
289:
287:
283:
280:
270:
268:
264:
261:
251:
249:
245:
242:
232:
230:
226:
223:
219:
215:
205:
201:
198:
194:
191:
189:
185:
179:
176:
175:
173:
167:
164:
162:
151:
149:
138:
136:
125:
124:
122:
119:
117:
113:
99:
95:
81:
77:
65:
59:
56:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7286:
7164:Saudi Arabia
7118:
6939:Turkmenistan
6899:Saudi Arabia
6793:
6456:Dwekh Nawsha
6398:92nd Brigade
6393:52nd Brigade
6244:Mukhtar Army
6137:Shia Islamic
6095:Popular Army
6038:Iraqi Police
6010:
5957:Armed groups
5749:Christianity
5631:Demographics
5565:Oil reserves
5560:Oil Industry
5527:Central Bank
5471:
5423:Human rights
5349:Constitution
5294:Tigris river
5274:Persian Gulf
4982:Ottoman Iraq
4967:Qara Qoyunlu
4801:Ubaid period
4681:
4669:Intelligence
4644:Iraqi Police
4603:Paramilitary
4560:
4471:
4450:
4438:
4431:
4421:
4412:
4390:
4365:
4361:
4352:
4329:
4310:
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4270:
4259:Bibliography
4245:. Retrieved
4221:. Retrieved
4217:
4207:
4195:. Retrieved
4191:
4182:
4169:
4154:
4142:
4131:. Retrieved
4119:
4109:
4098:. Retrieved
4091:the original
4081:
4072:
4061:. Retrieved
4057:
4048:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:
4024:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:
4000:
3989:. Retrieved
3985:
3976:
3965:. Retrieved
3961:
3952:
3941:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3917:. Retrieved
3913:
3904:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3880:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:
3856:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:
3832:
3821:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3776:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:
3698:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:the original
3678:
3668:
3660:"Iraqi Navy"
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:the original
3627:
3615:
3606:
3600:
3589:. Retrieved
3578:
3569:
3558:. Retrieved
3544:
3533:. Retrieved
3524:
3514:
3502:
3491:. Retrieved
3462:. Retrieved
3453:
3431:
3422:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3309:
3300:
3288:
3268:Maad Fayad,
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3243:
3224:
3214:, retrieved
3209:
3200:
3188:
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3157:the original
3152:
3140:
3128:. Retrieved
3121:the original
3116:
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3072:
3056:
3049:
3037:
3026:the original
3013:
3001:
2990:. Retrieved
2986:
2977:
2968:
2956:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:
2931:
2917:
2890:
2885:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2807:
2801:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2726:
2720:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2682:
2666:
2642:
2608:
2598:
2591:Pollack 2002
2586:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2516:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2465:
2451:
2437:
2423:
2385:
2365:
2350:
2335:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2272:
2257:
2223:
2201:
2195:
2172:
2124:
2110:M16A4 rifles
2053:
2037:
2033:
2019:
2000:
1992:patrol boats
1986:
1983:
1981:battalions.
1975:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1953:(2003). One
1944:
1934:
1924:
1920:Soviet Union
1906:
1903:
1868:
1852:
1845:
1818:
1782:
1765:
1755:
1706:
1699:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1638:
1631:
1601:
1590:
1547:
1535:
1508:
1493:governorates
1482:
1478:Dana Pittard
1451:carried out
1447:-affiliated
1397:
1390:
1359:
1344:
1330:created the
1317:
1310:
1265:British Army
1238:
1211:
1151:
1136:
1109:
1076:Soviet Union
1052:proxy forces
1039:
1003:Persian Gulf
985:movement to
951:
949:
921:
902:
868:included 64
858:
839:
823:Soviet Union
763:
731:
725:
717:
713:
682:
652:
629:
626:
558:coup d'états
555:
533:acts as the
494:
492:
319:Conscription
188:Headquarters
171:
120:
97:Current form
29:
18:Iraqi forces
6929:Timor Leste
6884:Philippines
6824:South Korea
6819:North Korea
6719:Afghanistan
6659:White Flags
6541:Nationalist
5905:WikiProject
5706:Marsh Arabs
5691:Circassians
5372:Foreign aid
5264:Mesopotamia
4826:Uruk period
4492:(in Arabic)
3714:13 November
3679:Proceedings
3354:22 February
2275:Tony Cucolo
2156:Al-Samoud 2
1916:P-15 Termit
1810:Breda Ba.65
1808:as well as
1643:during the
1515:air support
1100:Kuwait City
1082:, and most
997:-dominated
854:H-3 airbase
835:Six-Day War
807:King Ghazni
710:tank fires.
570:Six-Day War
336:Expenditure
7301:Categories
7222:Somaliland
7144:Mauritania
7078:Arab world
6949:Uzbekistan
6919:Tajikistan
6834:Kyrgyzstan
6814:Kazakhstan
6739:Bangladesh
6729:Azerbaijan
6532:Insurgents
6151:Mahdi Army
6129:and others
6099:New Return
6064:Ba'athists
6026:Iraqi Navy
6016:Iraqi Army
5822:Television
5802:Literature
5764:Irreligion
5739:Secularism
5676:Minorities
5544:(currency)
5537:Corruption
5382:Government
5173:Insurgency
4972:Aq Qoyunlu
4793:Chronology
4709:Biological
4281:16 October
4223:2024-05-15
4197:11 October
4133:2015-11-17
4100:2006-06-10
4063:2021-02-16
4039:2021-02-16
4015:2021-02-16
3991:2021-02-16
3967:2021-02-16
3943:2021-02-16
3919:2021-02-16
3895:2021-02-16
3871:2021-02-16
3847:2021-02-16
3823:2021-02-16
3799:2021-02-16
3689:2023-05-05
3591:2017-08-23
3560:2017-08-23
3535:2017-12-16
3493:2008-08-26
3464:2008-08-28
3254:11 October
3216:2023-03-11
2992:2023-06-27
2947:2023-05-19
2783:, transl.
2395:References
2277:mentioned
2162:, and the
2152:Al Hussein
2068:MK90 grain
1961:; The tug
1871:Iraqi Navy
1857:Iraqi Navy
1778:Iraqi Army
1774:Iraqi Navy
1613:Iraqi Army
1607:Iraqi Army
1566:Iraqi Navy
1558:Iraqi Army
1476:, General
1416:insurgency
1336:Paul Eaton
1293:occupation
1241:Australian
1035:Arvand Rud
909:Iraqi Army
791:Rashid Ali
787:Bakr Sidqi
778:Iraqi Army
723:elements.
630:After the
614:insurgency
519:Iraqi Navy
222:Leadership
148:Iraqi Navy
107:2003-08-18
89:1921-02-06
7266:Hezbollah
7238:Peshmerga
7212:Palestine
7030:Hong Kong
6997:Palestine
6909:Sri Lanka
6904:Singapore
6784:Indonesia
6596:Abu Theeb
6388:16Brigade
6349:Peshmerga
6249:Hezbollah
6156:Abu Deraa
5842:Squatting
5807:Education
5754:Mandaeism
5723:/Turkoman
5701:Mandaeans
5686:Assyrians
5681:Armenians
5644:Languages
5532:Companies
5487:Judiciary
5397:President
5367:Elections
5362:Democracy
5208:Geography
5124:Sanctions
5042:2003–2011
5037:1968–2003
5032:1958–1968
4891:Babylonia
4581:Air Force
4382:254388006
4128:0362-4331
3643:26 August
3057:Democracy
2635:211419988
2347:romanized
2148:superguns
2017:vessels.
2013:modified-
2006:corvettes
1940:corvettes
1768:) is the
1621:Modified
1593:Peshmerga
1544:Structure
1531:overwatch
1519:logistics
1408:U.S. Army
1362:battalion
1277:1st Corps
1230:Hans Blix
1118:from the
999:Ba'athist
979:exporting
898:logistics
885:corvettes
870:Mirage F1
837:of 1967.
736:Peshmerga
706:An Iraqi
668:air power
664:artillery
656:logistics
618:civil war
582:1974–1975
578:1961-1970
305:Personnel
7109:Djibouti
6977:Abkhazia
6924:Thailand
6879:Pakistan
6859:Mongolia
6854:Maldives
6849:Malaysia
6754:Cambodia
6598:'s group
6491:militias
6425:militias
6376:militias
6342:militias
6288:militias
6139:militias
6127:Militias
5885:Category
5734:Religion
5711:Persians
5595:Railways
5590:Airlines
5472:Military
5333:Politics
5309:Wildlife
5299:Umm Qasr
5129:Iraq War
5112:Gulf War
5024:Republic
4977:Safavids
4940:638–1958
4714:Chemical
4548:Military
4275:Archived
4247:21 March
3585:Archived
3554:Archived
3529:Archived
3487:Archived
3458:Archived
3399:Archived
3373:Archived
3348:Archived
3316:Archived
3273:Archived
3232:Archived
3089:army.mil
3062:Archived
2877:48783766
2857:(2002).
2655:Archived
2562:25 April
2556:Archived
2305:See also
2168:LUGM-145
2044:red tape
1987:Al Uboor
1963:Jumariya
1951:Iraq War
1947:Gulf War
1932:and six
1930:frigates
1887:Umm Qasr
1879:riverine
1837:Gulf War
1776:and the
1521:and via
1445:Al-Qaeda
1420:Iraq War
1366:Fallujah
1340:Qaraqosh
1283:and the
1214:chemical
991:threaten
926:cut off
915:sent to
881:frigates
602:Iraq War
594:Gulf War
525:and the
517:and the
352:Industry
297:General
121:Branches
7184:Tunisia
7169:Somalia
7149:Morocco
7134:Lebanon
7104:Comoros
7099:Bahrain
7094:Algeria
6954:Vietnam
6844:Lebanon
6774:Georgia
6734:Bahrain
6724:Armenia
6544:Salafis
6374:Turkmen
6340:Kurdish
6087:Al-Awda
5959:in the
5915:Commons
5832:Smoking
5797:Culture
5792:Cuisine
5775:General
5759:Yazidis
5716:Solluba
5669:Persian
5659:Kurdish
5654:Aramaic
5619:Society
5600:Tourism
5511:Economy
5259:Islands
5234:Borders
5059: (
5049:present
4984:(incl.
4896:Assyria
4841:Subartu
4781:History
4686:(2004))
3525:Reuters
3322:24 June
3166:24 June
3130:24 June
3094:24 June
2480:25 June
2370:Persian
2355:Kurdish
2232:, then
2191:Baghdad
2183:anthrax
2091:Textron
1996:Baghdad
1967:Al Raya
1798:Washash
1738:of the
1682:T-54/55
1441:Baghdad
1257:V Corps
963:invaded
928:Iranian
803:Kuwaiti
742:History
730:was an
553:(MoD).
455:History
412:Germany
203:Website
197:Baghdad
105: (
87: (
79:Founded
70:transl.
7287:italic
7129:Kuwait
7124:Jordan
6992:Taiwan
6934:Turkey
6894:Russia
6829:Kuwait
6809:Jordan
6799:Israel
6764:Cyprus
6749:Brunei
6744:Bhutan
6489:Yazidi
5895:Portal
5837:Sports
5812:Health
5787:Cinema
5639:Iraqis
5542:Dinar
5477:Police
5279:Places
4769:topics
4459:
4380:
4336:
4317:
4298:
4212:NATO.
4126:
3739:26 May
3206:"Iraq"
2875:
2865:
2814:
2785:Hatzav
2733:
2633:
2623:
2523:
2496:"Iraq"
2378:Arabic
2340:Arabic
2164:Al-Fao
2131:Tehran
2125:Under
2003:-class
1989:-class
1979:marine
1959:Al Faw
1955:Soviet
1937:-class
1927:-class
1909:-class
1875:Arabic
1829:French
1762:Arabic
1634:Arabic
1586:majors
1568:, the
1564:, the
1259:, and
1245:Polish
1243:, and
1080:France
1015:Israel
954:was a
874:AMX-30
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