Allied invasion of Sicily

3795: 3453: 4002: 4069: 3161: 3850:, an attempt to capture the Primosole Bridge over the river Simeto, on the southern edge of the Catania plain. The British paratroopers suffered heavy casualties over their designated drop zones due to heavy fire from alert Italian anti-aircraft gunners, but managed to seize and hold the bridge against fierce Axis attacks. The initial counterattacks were Italian in the form of reinforcements from the 10th Arditi Paratroop Regiment (Major Vito Marciano), reservists from the 372nd Coastal Battalion (Major Nino Bolla) and gunners from the 29th Artillery Group fighting in the infantry role and an armoured car squadron that nearly overran the headquarters of 9th Battalion, the Durham Light Infantry, at nightfall in the first day of the battle for Primosole Bridge. The British 5th Division was delayed by strong opposition, but made contact early on 15 July; nevertheless, it was not until 17 July that a shallow bridgehead north of the river was consolidated. 5948:"On 12 July, an Axis retreat began all along the line, with the Allies advancing close behind. The U.S. advance toward Cancinatii was temporarily held up by a group of Semovente da 90/53. Group Schmalz retreated toward Catania. The 246th Coastal Brigade, which had been holding off British tanks, was ordered to retreat to strongpoints at Cozzo Telegrafo and Acquedolci. The Napoli Division's 76th Regiment covered the left flank of Schmalz's Germans, who were withdrawing toward Lentini; soon the reunited battalions of Napoli's 76th Regiment were ordered to withdraw to Palermo ... The Hermann Göring Division was tardily withdrawing from the Piano Lupo area toward Caltagirone, and the Livorno Division was refusing its right flank in a withdrawal toward Piazza Armerina, in a move meant to cover the Hermann Göring Division." Cloutier, Patrick. 5727:"Therefore, when Allied forces crossed the narrows to launch Operation Husky on 10 July 1943, the dive-bomber response was entirely in the hands of the Italians ... The Regia Aeronautica had taken delivery of a bunch of Ju 87Ds earlier in the year, but rather than re-equip their existing dive-bomber units, the 'Doras' had been used to form two new gruppi: 103° and 121° ... Still working upon Sardinia, the largely inexperienced crews were dispatched at once to southern Italy and Sicily to counter the invasion ... A bomb from an unseen aircraft struck the destroyer's stern, blowing it apart 'in a gust of flame, smoke and debris'. In less than two minutes she had disappeared beneath the waves' ... The surviving Doras of 121 Gruppo were to retire back to Sardinia before the Sicilian campaign had run its 38-day course.", John Weal. 6278:"The friendly barrage put up into the night sky by the Allied fleet also served to notify the Italians onshore that Allied aircraft ... were on their way towards them. They soon recognised the silhouttes of the Dakota aircraft and waited for the planes ... The aircraft then came within range of the waiting guns of the Italian coastal defences ... Dakota 42, carrying half of the Headquarters of 2 Para, including RSM Oliver, was shot down and crashed into the sea. Another nine Dakotas were claimed by the Italian gunners with numerous more planes being shot up ... Without the Italians receiving warning from the Allied naval fire the lead aircraft may well have been able to reach the drop zones unmolested ... potentially changing the course of the battle." Saliger, Mark. 4143:. The narrow straits were protected by 120 heavy and 112 light anti-aircraft guns, with about half being Italian-built pieces. The resulting overlapping gunfire from both sides of the strait was described by Allied pilots as worse than the Ruhr, making daylight air attacks highly hazardous and generally unsuccessful. Night attacks were less hazardous and there were times when air attack was able to delay and even suspend traffic across the straits but when daylight returned, the Axis were able to clear the backlog from the previous night. Nor was naval interdiction any more practicable. The straits varied from three to ten kilometres (2–6 mi) wide and were covered by artillery up to 24 centimeters ( 3240: 3465:

kilometres (105 mi) of the southern and eastern coasts of the island between the town of Licata where the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division, under the command of Major General Lucian Truscott, landed at Torre di Gaffe, red beach, and Mollarella and Poliscia, green beaches in the west, and Cassibile in the east, with British and Canadian forces in the east and Americans toward the west. This constituted the largest amphibious operation of World War II in terms of size of the landing zone and the number of divisions put ashore on the first day. The Italian defensive plan did not contemplate a pitched battle on the beaches and so the landings themselves were somewhat anticlimactic.

3116:. This would facilitate a rapid Allied build-up, as well as denying their use to the Axis. High-level planning for the operation lacked direction because the three mainland commanders, Alexander, Montgomery, and Patton, were fully occupied in operations in Tunisia. Effort was wasted in presenting plans that Montgomery, in particular, disliked because of the dispersion of forces involved. He was finally able to articulate his objections and put forward alternative proposals on 24 April. Tedder and Cunningham opposed Montgomery's plan because it would leave 13 landing grounds in Axis hands, posing a considerable threat to the Allied invasion fleet. 4054:(replacing Major General Berney-Ficklin, who returned to England), to allow them to prepare for the landings on mainland Italy. On the northern coast, the U.S. 3rd Division continued to meet strong resistance and difficulties created by extensive demolition of the road. Two more end-run amphibious attacks, and the rebuilding efforts of the engineers, kept the advance moving. Although Kesselring had already decided to evacuate, the Axis forces continued their delaying tactics, assisted by the favorable defensive terrain of the Messina Peninsula. Finally, on the night of 16 August, the leading elements of 3rd Division entered Messina. 3120:

meeting on 3 May, Montgomery's proposals were finally accepted on the basis that it was better to take an administrative risk (having to support troops by landing supplies across beaches) than an operational one (dispersion of effort). Not for the last time, Montgomery had argued a sound course of action, yet done so in a conceited manner, which suggested to others, particularly his American allies, that he was preoccupied with his own interests. In the event, maintaining the armies by landing supplies across the beaches proved easier than expected, partly because of the successful introduction of large numbers of the new amphibious

4185: 4050:

kilometres (2 mi) southeast of Adrano. After the fall of Adrano, the 1st Canadian Division was withdrawn into Army Reserve. On 8 August, the 78th Division, moving north from Adrano, took Bronte, and the 9th Division, advancing from Troina, took Cesaro, valuable positions on the New Hube Line. Both divisions converged on Randazzo, on the north-west slopes of Etna. Randazzo fell on 13 August and 78th Division was taken into reserve. As the Allied advance continued, the front line shortened. On 10 August, Montgomery decided to withdraw XIII Corps HQ and the British 5th Infantry Division, now commanded by Major General

3822:

based on a somewhat over-optimistic situation report by Montgomery late on 12 July, while the Seventh Army were to continue their holding role on the left flank of the Eighth Army, despite what appeared to be an opportunity for them to make a bold offensive move. On 12 July, Kesselring had visited Sicily and formed the opinion that German troops were fighting virtually on their own. As a consequence, he concluded that the German formations needed to be reinforced, and that western Sicily should be abandoned in order to shorten the front line. The priority was first to slow and then halt the Allied advance, while a

3514:

firmly in American hands and the U.S. 3rd Division had lost fewer than one hundred men. Salvage parties had already partially cleared the harbor, and shortly after noon Truscott and his staff came ashore and set up headquarters at Palazzo La Lumia. About that time, the 538th Coastal Defense Battalion, which had been deployed as a tactical reserve, launched a counter-attack. By the evening of 10 July, the seven Allied assault divisions—three American, three British and one Canadian—were well established ashore, the port of Syracuse had been captured, and fears of an Axis air onslaught had proved unfounded.

526: 299: 259: 580: 465: 383: 370: 152: 2991: 4136:, began on 11 August and continued to 17 August. During this period, Hube ordered successive withdrawals each night of between 8 and 24 kilometres (5 and 15 mi), keeping the following Allied units at arm's length with the use of mines, demolitions and other obstacles. As the peninsula narrowed, shortening his front, he was able to withdraw units for evacuation. The Allies attempted to counter this by launching brigade-sized amphibious assaults, one each by the Seventh and Eighth Armies, on 15 August. However, the speed of the Axis withdrawal was such that these operations "hit air". 556: 442: 357: 344: 502: 231: 176: 3477:(under Lieutenant-Colonel Francesco Tropea), tasked with defending Malati Bridge, defeated a Royal Marines Commando Battalion on 13 July with the help of the local middle-age reservists. The Italian 4th Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion attacked the Commandos with the help of the 372nd Coastal Defence Battalion, 553rd (under Captain Giovanni Sartor) and 554th (under Captain Fausto Clementi) Motorcycle Companies, and three Panzer IV medium tanks. The 246th Coastal Battalion (under Major Rollo Franco) defeated British attempts to capture Augusta on the night of 11–12 July. 3933:

but with no greater success, and on 20 July, the 51st Division, further west, crossed the river Dittaino at Sferro and made for the Gerbini airfields. They too were driven back by counter-attacks on 21 July. On the left flank, the 1st Canadian Division continued to advance but it was becoming clear that, as German units settled into their new positions in north eastern Sicily, the army would not have sufficient strength to carry the whole front and the Canadians were ordered to continue north to Leonforte and then turn eastward to Adrano on the south-western slopes of

216: 188: 2572: 4125: 3914: 199: 3686: 3340: 3736: 11242: 67: 495: 325: 312: 286: 273: 164: 5900:"The 6th Battalion, however, was counterattacked by the Napoli Division, first with tanks and then with infantry. The tanks – some five in all – careered down the road from Palazzola as the Battalion was moving forward: four were knocked out but one reached Floridia, shooting up Colonel Watson's jeep and wounding the medical officer on the way ... The infantry attack was launched after the Battalion had moved into its new positions and it was stopped by artillery fire." Rissik, David. 3961:

island. II Corps were given the task of making the northward move, while the Provisional Corps was tasked with the mopping up operation. Alexander issued further orders to Patton to develop an eastward threat along the coast road once he had cut it. He was also directed to capture Palermo as quickly as possible as the main supply base for further eastward commitment north of Mount Etna. On 21 July, the Seventh Army's Provisional Corps overran the Italian battlegroup

4216:

captured. A large part of the missing were presumed to have been killed and buried on the battlefield or in unknown locations, whereas another part presumably included locally recruited soldiers who deserted and returned to their homes. In 2007, Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg estimated Italian total casualties as 147,000. An earlier Canadian study of the Allied invasion estimated the total number of Italian and Germans taken prisoner in Sicily to be around 100,000.

3756:, Company 'C' of the 307th Airborne Engineer Battalion and other supporting units. Warning orders had been issued to the fleet and troops on 6, 7, 10 and 11 July concerning the planned route and timing of the drop, so that the aircraft would not be fired on by friendly forces. They were intended to drop east of Ponte Olivo, about eight kilometres (5 mi) inland from Gela, to block routes to the 1st Infantry Division's bridgehead at Gela. 3060: 3083:, arguing that it would force Germany to disperse its forces and might knock Italy out of the war and move Turkey to join the Allies. At first, the Americans opposed the plan as opportunistic and irrelevant, but were persuaded to agree to a Sicilian invasion on the grounds of the great savings to Allied shipping that would result from the opening of the Mediterranean by the removal of Axis air and naval forces from the island. The 4037:, of the 9th Division, had captured Mount Pellegrino, which overlooked the Troina defences, allowing accurate direction of Allied artillery. The defenders' left flank was also becoming exposed as the adjacent Hermann Göring Division was pushed back by the British XXX Corps and they were ordered to withdraw that night in phases to the defensive positions of the Tortorici Line. Elements of the 7770: 4340:; West was convicted and sentenced to life in prison and stripped of his rank but was released back to active service in November 1944 as a private, and honorably discharged at the end of his service. Compton was charged with killing 40 prisoners in his charge but was acquitted and transferred to another regiment, where he died in November 1943 while fighting in the Italian campaign. 2498:, one landing on the south-eastern and one on the central southern coast. The amphibious assaults were to be supported by naval gunfire, as well as tactical bombing, interdiction and close air support by the combined air forces. As such, the operation required a complex command structure, incorporating land, naval and air forces. The overall commander was American 6326:"Both the 8th and 9th Battalions tried to snatch a few hours rest during the night. The 6th Battalion was still some way behind, after clearing up at Solarino, and did not arrive till later on the 15th. But at 4 a.m. the 9th Battalion was attacked by some Italian armoured cars which penetrated as far as Battalion Headquarters before being halted." Rissik, p. 123 4087:. The Germans nevertheless went ahead, transferring over 12,000 men, 4,500 vehicles and 5,000 tons of equipment from 1–10 August. On 6 August, Hube suggested to Guzzoni, via von Senger, that HQ 6th Army should move to Calabria. Guzzoni rejected the idea but asked if Hube had decided to evacuate Sicily. Von Senger replied that Hube had not. 4091:

Calabria and that he should transfer some forces there to reinforce the area. On 10 August, Guzzoni informed Hube that he was responsible for the defence of northeast Sicily and that Italian coastal units and the Messina garrison were under his command. Guzzoni then crossed to the mainland with 6th Army HQ and 16th Corps HQ, leaving Admiral

5605:"Soon, however, Italian troops (probably an anti-tank battalion and a company of motor-cyclists) counter-attacked ... There were no sign of the expected British force from Lentini, and casualties were mounting. Colonel Durnford-Slater therefore broke off the action, and his unit withdrew, commando-style, in separate groups southward." 3945:

July, II Corps took Caltanissetta, just short of Route 121, the main east–west lateral through the center of Sicily. The American advance toward Agrigento was temporarily held up by the 207th Coastal Defence Division (under Colonel Augusto De Laurentis) that was at Sant'Oliva Station, ten kilometres (6 mi) inland from Licata. The

3019:), bringing the number of German troops to around 70,000. Until the arrival of the corps headquarters, the two German divisions were nominally under Italian tactical control. The panzer division, with a reinforced infantry regiment from the panzergrenadier division to compensate for its lack of infantry, was under Italian 6317:"Il maggiore Nino Bolla che fu uno dei protagonisti della disperata difesa di Catania, quella sera si trovava ... di Catania mandò nel settore del Ponte di Primosole le poche forze che aveva disponibili assieme al XXIX gruppo 105/28" Sicilia senza Italia, Luglio-Agosto 1943, Sandro Attanasio, p. 151, Mursia, 1976 5913:"The attack by the Gruppo Tattico Ronco from Divisione Napoli on July 11 included the remnants of 1/75º Rgt., and Col. Ronco's own 2/75º Rgt. fant. This attack was coordinated with Gruppo Mobile D, which included 18 Renault R-35 tanks, and a company of infantry, and supporting artillery." Zaloga, Steven J. 4201:

lost 546 killed or missing and 484 wounded and the Royal Navy lost 314 killed or missing, 411 wounded and four captured. The USAAF reported 28 killed, 88 missing and 41 wounded. Canadian forces had suffered 2,310 casualties, including 562 killed, 1,664 wounded,

3790:

Despite this, the American beach landings went well and a substantial amount of supplies and transport was landed. Despite the failure of the airborne operation, the 1st Infantry Division took Ponte Olivo on 12 July and continued north, while 45th Infantry Division on the right had taken the airfield

3127:

On 17 May, Alexander issued his Operation Instruction No. 1 setting out his broad plan and defining the tasks of the two armies. Broadly speaking, he intended to establish his armies along a line from Catania to Licata preparatory to a final operation to reduce the island. He later wrote that at that

4080:

on 29 July that an evacuation could be accomplished in three days and initial written plans were formulated dated 1 August. However, when Hube suggested on 4 August that a start should be made by transferring superfluous men and equipment, Guzzoni refused to sanction the idea without the approval of

3960:

The 15th Panzer Grenadier Division managed to join the other German formations in the east of the island. Patton was ordered on 18 July to push troops north through Petralia on Route 120, the next east–west lateral, and then to cut the northern coast road. After that, he would mop up the west of the

3593:

Airfield on Cape Passero and the port of Syracuse before moving northwards to take the ports of Augusta and Catania. Their objectives also included the landing fields around Gerbini, on the Catania plain. The objectives of Patton's Seventh Army included capturing the port of Licata and the airfields

3468:

More trouble was experienced from the difficult weather conditions (especially on the southern beaches) and unexpected hidden offshore sandbars than from the coastal divisions. Some troops landed in the wrong place, in the wrong order and as much as six hours behind schedule, but the weakness of the

3261:, Malta (the "Lascaris War Rooms"), for the advance headquarters of the invasion of Sicily. In July 1943, General Eisenhower, Admiral Cunningham, General Montgomery, and Air Marshal Tedder occupied the war rooms. Earlier, the war rooms had served as the British headquarters for the defence of Malta. 3207:

were flown by fighter-bombers, medium and heavy bombers, dropping a total of 6,202 tons of bombs on the island. The Italian gun positions were reduced to 47% effectiveness by the intense ten-day air bombardment. Out of 112 guns bombed, 2 had suffered from direct hits, 17 were near misses and 34 were

4049:

On 3 August, XIII Corps exploited the disorganisation caused by the threat to Adrano and resumed their advance on Catania, and by 5 August the town was in their hands. Adrano fell to the 78th Division on the night of 6 August, while on the right, the 51st (Highland) Division took Biancavilla, three

3987:

During the last week in July, Montgomery gathered his forces to renew the attack on 1 August. His immediate objective was Adrano, the capture of which would split the German forces on either side of Mount Etna. During the week, the Canadians and the 231st Brigade Group continued their eastward push

3944:

Patton had reorganised his forces into two corps. The Provisional Corps, commanded by Keyes, consisting of the 2nd Armored, 3rd Infantry, and 82nd Airborne Divisions, was on the left. The U.S. II Corps was on the right. By 17 July, Provisional Corps had captured Porto Empedocle and Agrigento. On 18

3821:

and Enna region, to deny the defenders the central east–west lateral road. A further push north to Nicosia would cut the next lateral route and a final advance to Santo Stefano on the north coast would cut the coastal route. In new orders issued on 13 July, he gave this task to Eighth Army, perhaps

3517:

The preparatory bombing of the previous weeks had greatly weakened the Axis air capability and the heavy Allied presence of aircraft operating from Malta, Gozo, and Pantelleria kept most of the Axis attempts at air attack at bay. Some attacks on the first day of the invasion got through, and German

3437:

arrived with some artillery. The British force held out until about 15:30 hours, when, low on ammunition and by now reduced to 18 men, they were forced to surrender, 45 minutes before the leading elements of the British 5th Division arrived from the south. Despite these mishaps, the widespread

2943: 4090:

The next day, Guzzoni learned of the German plan for evacuation and reported to Rome of his conviction of their intentions. On 7 August, Guzzoni reported that, without German support, any last ditch stand would only be short. On 9 August, Rome ordered that Guzzoni's authority should be extended to

3932:

On the night of 17–18 July, Montgomery renewed his attack toward Catania, with two brigades of the 50th Division. They met strong opposition and by 19 July Montgomery decided to call off the attack and instead increase the pressure on his left. The 5th Division attacked on the 50th Division's left

3763:

transports arrived at the same time as an Axis air raid; the first echelon of troop carrying planes had dropped their loads without interference, when an Allied naval vessel fired on the formation. Immediately, all the other naval vessels and shore troops joined in, shooting down friendly aircraft

3715:

on 13 July and it was not until 18:45 on 14 July that the town was cleared of obstructions and snipers and the advance resumed. A battalion of the Napoli Division managed to break through the British lines and took up new positions at Augusta but the British advance forced it to retire again on 14

3291:

officer, to drift ashore in Spain carrying a briefcase containing fake secret documents. The documents purported to reveal that the Allies were planning "Operation Brimstone" and that an "Operation Husky" was an invasion of Greece. German intelligence accepted the authenticity of the documents and

3831:

While XIII Corps continued to push along the Catania road, XXX Corps were directed north along two routes; the first was an inland route through Vizzini, and the second following Route 124, which cut across the U.S. 45th Infantry Division, which had to return to the coast at Gela for redeployment

3509:

destroyed several tanks and dispersed the attacking infantry battalion. The 3rd Battalion, 34th Regiment, "Livorno" Infantry Division, composed mainly of conscripts, made a daylight attack on the Gela beachhead two days later, with infantry and armor of the Hermann Göring Panzer Division, but was

3405:

Strong winds of up to 70 km/h (45 mph) blew the troop-carrying aircraft off course and the American force was scattered widely over south-east Sicily between Gela and Syracuse. By 14 July, about two-thirds of the 505th had managed to concentrate, and half the U.S. paratroopers failed to

4215:

reported that the German forces lost 4,325 men killed, 4,583 missing, 5,532 captured and 13,500 wounded, a total of 27,940 casualties. According to the Historical Branch of the Italian Army, Italian military losses were 4,678 killed, 36,072 missing, 32,500 wounded and 116,681

3992:

under command, took Catenuova and made a bridgehead across the river Dittaino. On the night of 1 August, they resumed their attack to the northwest toward Centuripe, an isolated pinnacle of rock, which was the main southern outpost of the Adrano defences. After heavy fighting against the Hermann

3719:

Further left, in the XXX Corps sector, the 51st (Highland) Division had moved directly north to take Palazzolo and Vizzini 50 kilometres (30 mi) west of Syracuse, while the Canadians secured Pachino airfield and headed north-west to make contact with the American right wing at Ragusa; after

3579:

captured Malati Bridge on 13 July, only to lose possession of it when the 4th Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion (Lieutenant-Colonel Francesco Tropea) and the Italian 553rd and 554th Motorcycle Companies counter-attacked. The Commandos lost 28 killed, 66 wounded and 59 captured or

3119:

Eisenhower called a meeting for 2 May with Montgomery, Cunningham and Tedder, in which Montgomery made new proposals to concentrate the Allied effort on the southeast corner of Sicily, discarding the intended landings close to Palermo and using the south-eastern ports. After Alexander joined the

3091:

The outline plan given to Eisenhower by the Chiefs of Staff involved dispersed landings by brigade and division-sized formations in the south-east, south and north-west areas of the island. The logic behind the plan was that it would result in the rapid capture of key Axis airfields that posed a

3513:

By the morning of 10 July, the Joint Task Force Operations Support System Force captured the port of Licata, at the cost of nearly 100 killed and wounded in the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division, and the division beat back a counter-attack from the 538th Coastal Defence Battalion. By 11:30, Licata was

3188:

By 10 July, only two airfields in Sicily remained fully operational and over half the Axis aircraft had been forced to leave the island. Between mid-May and the invasion, Allied airmen flew 42,227 sorties and destroyed 323 German and 105 Italian aircraft, for the loss of 250 aircraft, mostly to

2986:

had 99 tanks in two battalions but was short of infantry (with only three battalions), while the 15th Panzergrenadier Division had three grenadier regiments and a tank battalion with 60 tanks. About half of the Italian troops were formed into four front-line infantry divisions and headquarters

3464:

The strong wind also made matters difficult for the amphibious landings but also ensured surprise as many of the defenders had assumed that no one would attempt a landing in such poor conditions. Landings were made in the early hours of 10 July from 2:45am on 26 main beaches spread along 170

4323:

the remaining 37 POWs. On the next day, the 37 bodies were spotted by an American military chaplain, Lieutenant-Colonel William E. King. King reported the incident to his superiors, who at first dismissed it due to the bad press which would occur if it were made public; however, after some

3588:

Alexander's plan was to first establish his forces on a line between Licata in the west and Catania in the east before embarking on operations to reduce the rest of the island. Key to this was capturing ports to facilitate the buildup of his forces and the capture of airfields. The task of

7096:"On 19 July 1943, just over a week into the fighting, Sesia recorded a number of unsettling incidents involving the Canadians, including drunkenness, the shooting of civilians, looting, and a case of gang rape at Piazza Armerina ..." Robert C. Engen, H. Christian Breede, Allan English. 3051:). Von Senger had arrived in Sicily in late June as part of a German plan to gain greater operational control of its units. Guzzoni agreed from 16 July to delegate to Hube control of all sectors where there were German units involved, and from 2 August, he commanded the Sicilian front. 3469:

defensive response allowed the Allied force to make up lost time. Nevertheless, several Italian coastal units fought well; the 429th Coastal Battalion (under Major Marco Rubellino), tasked with defending Gela and its beachhead, had lost 45 percent of its men, while the attacking

3853:

On 16 July, the surviving Italian aircraft withdrew to the mainland. About 160 Italian planes had been lost in the first week of the invasion, 57 lost to Allied fighters and anti-aircraft fire on 10–12 July alone. That day, an Italian bomber torpedoed the aircraft carrier

3747:

In the American sector, by the morning of 10 July, the port of Licata had been captured. On 11 July, Patton ordered his reserve parachute troops from the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment (minus the 3rd Battalion already deployed in Sicily, attached to the 505th) under Colonel

11429: 3140:. The 82nd Airborne Division was assigned to drop behind the defences at Gela and Scoglitti. The Seventh Army's beach-front stretched over 50 kilometers (30 mi). The British Eighth Army was assigned to land in south-eastern Sicily. XXX Corps would land on either side of 3711:, entered Augusta. On their left, British 50th Division had pushed up Route 114 toward Lentini, 25 kilometres (15 mi) northwest of Augusta and met increasing resistance from the Napoli Division. The commander of the Italian division and his staff were captured by the 4013:

Patton had decided that his communications could support two divisions pushing east, the 45th Division on the coast road and the 1st Division on Route 120. In order to maintain the pressure, he relieved the 45th Division with the fresher 3rd Division and called up the

3087:

appointed General Eisenhower as C-in-C of the Allied Expeditionary Force, General Alexander as Deputy C-in-C with responsibility for detailed planning and execution of the operation, Admiral Cunningham as Naval Commander, and Air Chief Marshal Tedder as Air Commander.

3160: 4176:, which was scuttled when Allied troops entered Messina. The Germans evacuated some 52,000 troops (including 4,444 wounded), 14,105 vehicles, 47 tanks, 94 guns, 1,100 tons of ammunition, and about 20,700 tons of gear and stores. 4107:

was the German Commandant Messina Straits, with Fortress Commander powers, including control over infantry, artillery, anti-aircraft, engineer and construction, transport and administration units as well as German naval transport headquarters. On the mainland,

6566:"Whilst the British and Canadians were fighting for Adrano, the Americans had a tough fight of their own to capture the hilltop town of Troina from the 15th Panzergrenadier Division, supported by four battalions of the Italian Aosta Division." Saliger, Mark. 4196:

The U.S. Seventh Army lost 8,781 men (2,237 killed or missing, 5,946 wounded, and 598 captured), while the British Eighth Army suffered 11,843 casualties (2,062 killed or missing, 7,137 wounded and 2,644 captured). The

3386:

for the troops who were intending to seize the Ponte Grande, the bridge over the River Anape just south of Syracuse, and hold it until the British 5th Infantry Division arrived from the beaches at Cassibile, some eleven kilometres (7 mi) to the south.

2987:

troops; the remainder were support troops or inferior coastal divisions and coastal brigades. Guzzoni's defence plan was for the coastal formations to form a screen to receive the invasion and allow time for the field divisions further back to intervene.

3772:; there were 318 casualties with 83 dead. Thirty-seven aircraft were damaged, while eight returned to base without dropping their parachutists. The paratroopers suffered 229 casualties to "friendly fire", including 81 dead. Among the casualties was 3791:

at Comiso and entered Ragusa to link-up with the Canadians. On the left, the 3rd Infantry Division, having landed at Licata, pushed troops 40 kilometres (25 mi) up the coast almost to Argento and 30 kilometres (20 mi) inland to Canicatti.

4171:

recorded that 60,000 troops had been recovered and the Italian figure was about 75,000. In 2004, Tomblin wrote that the Italians evacuated 62,182 men, 41 guns and 227 vehicles with the loss of only one motor raft and the train ferry

3185:(by aircraft based in the Middle East) was increased. From 3 July, bombing concentrated on Sicilian airfields and Axis communications with Italy, although beach defences were left alone, to preserve surprise as to where the landings would occur. 3611:

tanks (under Lieutenant-Colonel Massimo D'Andretta) and supporting infantry battalion from the 75th Infantry Regiment (under Colonel Paolo Giovanni Ronco) of the Napoli Division, broke through the forward positions held by the 2nd Battalion,

3196:, some 110 km (70 mi) southwest of Sicily and 240 km (150 mi) northwest of Malta, to prevent the airfield there being used in support of Axis troops attempting to withdraw from North Africa. On 13 and 31 May the cruiser 6291:"Dal ponte al mare si costituì, così, un fronte col btg arditi, paracadutisti tedeschi e il 372° btg costiero, mentre sul fosso Buttaceto era schierato il Gruppo Schmalz E opportuno, a questo punto, elencare le forze." Gaetano Zingali. 3406:

reach their rallying points. The British air-landing troops fared little better, with only 12 of the 147 gliders landing on target and 69 crashing into the sea, with over 200 men drowning. Among those who landed in the sea were

3371: 3627:

attempted to capture Augusta but the 246th Coastal Battalion repelled the British landing force that was supported by three destroyers. On 12 July, several Italian units took up rearguard positions and covered the withdrawal of

2934:. Middle East Command, like NAAF and Air H.Q. Malta were sub-commands of MAC under Tedder who reported to Eisenhower for NAAF operations and to the British Chiefs of Staff for Air H.Q. Malta and Middle East Command operations. 4045:

were also proving difficult to dislodge on the coast at Santa Agata and San Fratello. Patton sent a small amphibious force behind the defences, which led to the fall of Santa Agata on 8 August after holding out for six days.

3172:

Once the Axis forces had been defeated in Tunisia, the Allied strategic bomber force commenced attacks on the principal airfields of Sardinia, Sicily and southern Italy, industrial targets in southern Italy and the ports of

4157: in) in caliber. This, combined with the hazards of a six-knot (3 m/s) current and fear that Italian warships were preparing to attack the Straits of Messina in a suicide run, made risking warships unjustifiable. 3776: 3607:), was to counter-attack an Allied landing on the Augusta–Syracuse coast. On 10 July, Schmalz had been unable to contact the Italian division and had proceeded alone towards Syracuse. Unknown to Schmalz, a battalion of 18 4121:, when the rest of the division had been sent as reinforcements to Sicily, was appointed XIV Panzer Corps Mainland Commander to receive evacuating formations, while Hube continued to control the operations on the island. 3375: 2426:. Husky began on the night of 9–10 July 1943 and ended on 17 August. Strategically, Husky achieved the goals set out for it by Allied planners; the Allies drove Axis air, land and naval forces from the island and the 3997:

all day on 2 August, the town was finally cleared of defenders on the morning of 3 August. The capture of Centuripe proved critical, in that the growing threat to Adrano made the position covering Catania untenable.

5525: 3181:(in Sardinia). The attacks were spread to maintain uncertainty as to the next Allied move, and to pin down Axis aircraft and keep them away from Sicily. Bombing of northern Italy (by aircraft based in the UK) and 2967:), were commanded by admirals subordinate to Naval Headquarters and independent of the 6th Army. In early July, the total Axis force in Sicily was about 200,000 Italian troops, 32,000 German troops and 30,000 6991: 11545: 3784: 3794: 11555: 1517: 11525: 3787:, was then waiting in North Africa and scheduled to land in Sicily by glider that night, together with the rest of the division staff. After what happened to the 504th, Ridgway canceled the operation. 3452: 3292:

the Germans diverted much of their defensive effort from Sicily to Greece until the occupation of Pantelleria on 11 June, which concentrated German and Italian attention on the western Mediterranean.

2354: 3495:

On highways 115 and 117 during 10 July, Italian tanks of the "Niscemi" Armoured Combat Group and Livorno Division infantry nearly reached the Allied position at Gela, but gunfire from the destroyer

5751:

s aft magazine, causing the ship to roll over and sink within two minutes, taking 210 of her crew with her. The Stuka returned, strafing the 74 survivors before departing." Michael G. Walling.

4001: 3303:" (German minesweepers and minelayers) from Sicily and laid three additional minefields off the Greek coast. They also moved three panzer divisions to Greece, one from France and two from the 3136:, in south-central Sicily, with the 3rd Infantry Division and 2nd Armored Division to the west at Licata Mollarella beach, 1st Division in the center at Gela, and 45th Division to the east at 3426: 2545:

The Allied land forces were from the American, British and Canadian armies, and were structured as two task forces. The Eastern Task Force (also known as Task Force 545) was led by General

7792: 4260:

against civilians in Sicily; Italian statistics report a number of rapes committed by American and Free French forces. According to historian Clive Emsley, the record books of the British

11550: 7901: 4068: 4118: 3994: 3429:, part of the British 1st Airlanding Brigade, landed on target, captured Ponte Grande and repulsed counterattacks. Additional paratroops rallied to the sound of shooting and by 08:30 11515: 3973:

Division, but Patton lost 300 men killed and wounded in the process. On 22 July, the Provisional Corps entered Palermo, and the next day the 45th Division cut the north coast road.

4139:

The German and Italian evacuation schemes proved highly successful. The Allies were not able to prevent the orderly withdrawal nor effectively interfere with transports across the

11500: 4022:, running from San Fratello on the north coast through Troina and Aderno. On 31 July, the 1st Division with elements of the arriving 9th Division attached, reached Troina and the 6304:"Major Nino Bolla had been sent by his divisional commander General Carlo Gotti from headquarters 213 Coastal Division to take over command of 372 Coastal Battalion." Hugh Pond. 3410:

George F. Hopkinson, commander of the British 1st Airborne Division, who, after several hours spent clutching a piece of wreckage, was eventually rescued by the landing ship HMS

3275:

To distract the Axis, and if possible divert some of their forces to other areas, the Allies engaged in several deception operations. The most famous and successful of these was

11520: 7896: 4410: 5807:, bursting under her port bow and blowing a hole in the number 1 hold, killing seven men and injuring thirty-five soldiers of the army port battalion." Barbara Brooks Tomblin. 3549:

with heavy loss of life, and in the following days Axis aircraft damaged or sank several more warships, transport vessels and landing craft starting with the Allied troopship

3438:

landing of airborne troops, both American and British, had a positive effect as small isolated units, acting on their initiative, attacked vital points and created confusion.

5529: 3152:, off to the north. The Eighth Army's beach front also stretched 40 kilometers (25 mi), and there was a gap of some 40 kilometers (25 mi) between the two armies. 6360: 1036: 11575: 9813: 3838:

skilfully delayed the British 5th Infantry Division, allowing time for two regiments from the German 1st Parachute Division flying to Catania to deploy. On 12 July, the

3689:

Italian soldiers of the 206th Coastal Division, taken prisoner by British forces. Typical of the second-rate equipment issued to the Coastal divisions, they are wearing

9558: 11570: 9166: 2674:, also sailing from Oran, was to be a floating reserve and be fed into combat as required. On 15 July, Patton reorganized his command into two corps by creating a new 3128:

stage it was not practicable to plan further ahead but that his intentions were clear in his own mind what the next step would be: he would drive north ultimately to

11164: 9182: 4095:

and Admiral Pietro Parenti to organise the evacuation of the remains of the Livorno and Assietta divisions (and any other troops and equipment that could be saved).

3212: 6393:. Volume 6 of History of technology series Radar, Sonar, Navigation and Avionics. P. Peregrinus on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1986, p. 129. 3027:. The German commanders in Sicily were contemptuous of their allies and German units took their orders from the German liaison officer attached to the 6th Army HQ, 4033:

For six days, the Germans and Italians conducted a costly defence; during the battle, they launched 24 counter-attacks and many small local ones. By 7 August, the

1968: 9502: 4205:

In 2007, Samuel W. Mitcham and Friederich von Stauffenberg wrote that German units lost about 20,000 men who were either killed, wounded or captured, and in

2811:

Allied naval forces were also grouped into two task forces to transport and support the invading armies. The Eastern Naval Task Force was formed from the British

2781:

in the United Kingdom, deemed Operation Husky to be a viable military undertaking and agreed to the detachment of both the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the

2468:, resulting in one-fifth of the entire German army being diverted from the east to southern Europe, a proportion that would remain until near the end of the war. 11560: 11505: 9105: 9077: 8221: 7902:(Museo Storico dello Sbarco in Sicilia 1943) Dedicated to the historical event which culminated in the liberation of Sicily and Italy from the German occupation 11143: 9822: 9509: 8643: 2600: 2539: 329: 3351:

Two American and two British attacks by airborne troops were carried out just after midnight on the night of 9–10 July, as part of the invasion. The American

10125: 9488: 8797: 8422: 6819:"Lining either side of the Messina Straits were some 150 Italian antiaircraft guns, and an estimated 168 of the Germans' feared 88mm flak guns." Bryn Evans. 826: 3988:

from Leonforte, and on 29 July had taken Agira, some 25 kilometres (15 mi) west of Adrano. On the night of 29 July, the British 78th Division with the

11357: 9138: 9084: 8270: 5744:(DD-622), which was steaming alone on antisubmarine patrol when she was hit by a bomb dropped by an Italian Ju 87 Stuka at 0421. One of the bombs exploded 3828:

was formed running from San Stefano on the northern coast, through Nicosia and Agira to Cantenanuova and from there to the eastern coast south of Catania.

4315:

Horace T. West marched the POWs for approximately a mile before West directed that "eight or nine" be separated from the rest and taken to the regiment's

9595: 9091: 8707: 4400: 3732:) who launched a strong counter-attack that threatened to penetrate the area between the Canadians and the Royal Marine Commandos before being repulsed. 8117: 7931: 7926: 7842: 4405: 3208:

damaged by debris and splinters (10 beyond repair). All control communications were destroyed, along with many gun emplacements and ammunition stores.

628: 7864: 6202: 9481: 8928: 8804: 7580:, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series, vol. V (pbk. repr. Naval & Military Press ed.), Uckfield, UK: HMSO, 4420: 2108: 3132:

on the northern coast to split the island in two and cut his enemy's east–west communications. The Seventh Army was assigned to land in the Gulf of

3092:

threat to the beachheads and the invasion fleet lying off them. It would also see the rapid capture of all the main ports on the island, except for

8781: 8161: 3712: 1029: 2972: 2422:

To divert some of the Axis forces to other areas, the Allies engaged in several deception operations, the most famous and successful of which was

11580: 9218: 8530: 2931: 7961: 11565: 9037: 8339: 7391: 4716: 4668: 4415: 3720:

having driven off the Italian 122 Infantry Regiment north of Pachino. The Canadians captured more than 500 Italians. In the Canadian area, the

11036: 5550:"The 429th Coastal Battalion lost 45 percent of its men." A Military History of Italy, Ciro Paoletti, p. 184, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008 5102:"Odd DUKW: On land and in the water, World War II's amphibian workhorse showed the skeptics a thing or two – now it shows tourists the sights" 3937:, instead of an encirclement of Mount Etna using Route 120 to Randazzo. Montgomery called forward his reserve division from North Africa, the 2330: 998: 11295: 9829: 9792: 9769: 9290: 8212: 8182: 7685: 7244: 3802: 2593: 2513: 1529: 277: 9544: 6909:

Alberto Santoni, Le Operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria (Luglio-Settembre 1943). Stato maggiore dell'Esercito, Ufficio storico, 1989. p. 401

4613:

Alberto Santoni. Le Operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria (Luglio-Settembre 1943). Stato maggiore dell'Esercito, Ufficio storico, 1989. p. 400

4224:

Immediately after Allied landings, a number of instances where American troops killed civilians were reported. These included a massacre at

11585: 9922: 9778: 9762: 9734: 8982: 8189: 5691:"Flesh vs. Iron: 3rd Battalion, 34th Regiment, "Livorno" Infantry Division in the Gela Beachhead counterattack: Sicily, 11 July–12th, 1943" 4730: 3902:

lurking eight kilometres (5 mi) away, while passing the Strait of Messina at high speed. MTB 316 was sunk and MTB 313 damaged between

1961: 7881: 7872: 4076:

By 27 July, the Axis commanders had realised that the outcome of the campaign would be an evacuation from Messina. Kesselring reported to

11330: 10679: 9746: 9658: 9602: 9565: 8847: 4019: 3594:

of Ponte Olivo, Biscari and Comiso. It was then to prevent the enemy reserves from moving eastward against the Eighth Army's left flank.

3423: 1571: 1022: 9651: 8383: 5961: 3921: 780: 708: 7936: 7005: 3378:

and other supporting units) of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, making their first combat drop. The British landings were preceded by

3075:

in sight, the political leaders and the military Chiefs of Staff of the United States and Britain met to discuss future strategy. The

11157: 9785: 8175: 8133: 4038: 3753: 2979: 7847: 11540: 11006: 8825: 8599: 8362: 8228: 8039: 4324:

convincing, they agreed to court-martial West. Troops from the 180th Infantry Regiment committed another massacre on 14 July, when

4042: 4030:

in the form of four battalions had also been pulled back to Troina to assist in the defensive preparations and forthcoming battle.

3642:

tank destroyers from the 161st Self-propelled Artillery Battalion, 526th Bersaglieri Battalion and 177th Bersaglieri Regiment from

2713: 819: 792: 9901: 9698: 8735: 8235: 8147: 8083: 3938: 3780: 3740: 3392: 3367: 3363: 3124:

vehicle. Alexander was later to write "It is not too much to say that the DUKW revolutionised the problem of beach maintenance."

3003: 1954: 1339: 922: 6368: 5607:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943, and the Campaign in Italy, 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944

3620:

the British 5th Division, and were stopped only by anti-tank and artillery fire in the Priolo and Floridia suburbs of Syracuse.

2766:, and the Canadian Military Headquarters in the United Kingdom. This request was granted by the British, displacing the veteran 11319: 10104: 9616: 8466: 8004: 4034: 3839: 3617: 3489: 3434: 2793: 2705: 2647: 1436: 1133: 621: 7921: 6992:"I Crimini Degli Alleati in Sicilia e a Napoli Nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale – Il Ruolo della Mafia e Quello della Massoneria" 3957:

of the 3rd Infantry Division to fight their way into Agrigento. By late afternoon on 16 July, the city was in American hands.

2204: 10700: 10605: 10132: 9878: 9753: 8839: 8813: 8670: 8376: 8293: 7748: 7710: 7660: 7538: 7502: 7484: 7356: 7271: 7212: 7061: 4269: 4027: 4015: 3284: 2709: 2631: 2627: 2101: 932: 775: 2889:(RAF) that provided the primary air support for the operation. Other groups from the 9th Air Force under Lieutenant General 10933: 10340: 10226: 9391: 8858: 8854: 8832: 8436: 5217: 3954: 3950: 2919: 2667: 2342: 841: 812: 7578:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3 September 1943 to 31 March 1944

7558:, History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series, vol. IV, Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press, 11535: 11530: 10848: 10312: 9644: 9630: 8843: 3752:, part of 82nd Airborne Division, to drop and reinforce the center. In addition, going along with the 504th would be the 3569: 2926:

moved to southern airfields on Sicily as soon they were secured. At the time, the 9th Air Force was a sub-command of RAF

2690: 978: 120: 3433:

were holding the bridge. By 11:30, a battalion of the Italian 75th Infantry Regiment (Colonel Francesco Ronco) from the

11480: 11057: 10926: 10804: 10382: 10097: 10048: 9806: 9361: 8613: 8452: 8300: 8154: 4245: 4018:

from reserve in North Africa to relieve the 1st Division. Axis forces were now settled on a second defensive line, the

2800:, was to seize vital bridges and high ground in support of the British Eighth Army. The initial plan dictated that the 2558: 939: 17: 5694: 3779:, the 82nd Airborne's assistant division commander (ADC), who was along with the 504th as an unofficial observer. The 11288: 11173: 10055: 10027: 9844: 9426: 9145: 9112: 7818: 7621: 7603: 7585: 7563: 7520: 7466: 7444: 7426: 7408: 7376: 7338: 7311: 7252: 7230: 7119: 6604: 6418: 6398: 6137: 5830: 5658: 5464: 4883: 4852: 3878: 3773: 2597: 2536: 1807: 853: 614: 8328: 5526:"Settant'anni fa l'ultima battaglia del Regio Esercito: Gela 9 – 12 luglio 1943 (seconda e ultima parte) – di Miles" 2858:

At the time of Operation Husky, the Allied air forces in North Africa and the Mediterranean were organized into the

11340: 11210: 10368: 10305: 9440: 9276: 8399: 5562: 4207: 3033: 2999: 2911: 2094: 650: 8953: 5208: 988: 11590: 11485: 10734: 10575: 10564: 10400: 10159: 10118: 10011: 9949: 9336: 8606: 8475: 8443: 6063:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. 9: Sicily–Salerno–Anzio, January 1943 – June 1944

4356:: Deception operations aimed at misleading Axis forces as to the actual date and location of the Allied landings. 3239: 2866: 2586: 2482: 2461: 2416: 1581: 1564: 1392: 963: 900: 749: 732: 316: 115: 54: 9123: 8691: 7951: 983: 11120: 11092: 10970: 10763: 10000: 9451: 9377: 9173: 8544: 8263: 8168: 8053: 7729: 7085: 6454: 3705:

Early on 13 July, elements of the British 5th Division on Eighth Army's right flank, which had been delayed by

3407: 2923: 2752: 2433:

were opened for Allied merchant ships for the first time since 1941. These events led to the Italian dictator,

1871: 1358: 912: 5454: 4268:

involving British servicemembers during the invasion. On 19 July, just over a week after the Allied landings,

3817:

Once the beachheads were secure, Alexander planned to split the island in half by thrusting north through the

11367: 11180: 11113: 11064: 10995: 10820: 10326: 10277: 10041: 10034: 9637: 9398: 9189: 8242: 5974: 4252:

which refused to disperse, killing eight. During and after the invasion, Allied troops committed a number of

3651: 3604: 2908: 2782: 2767: 2608: 2525: 2397: 1230: 1069: 876: 858: 7966: 2833:. The two naval task force commanders reported to Admiral Cunningham as overall Naval Forces Commander. Two 11510: 11419: 11281: 11254: 11150: 10525: 10486: 9405: 9240: 9225: 9152: 9131: 8949: 8627: 8413: 8406: 8390: 8101: 8060: 8032: 7299: 6025: 4261: 4006: 3862: 3419: 3304: 2870: 2550: 2457: 1425: 944: 744: 693: 5823:

Toinen maailmansota: Suomalaisen laitoksen toimituskunta: Keijo Mikola, Vilho Tervasmäki, Helge Seppälä. 4

2456:

after only a week, in part to divert forces to Italy," resulting in a reduction of German strength on the

973: 11217: 10541: 10493: 10111: 10083: 9936: 9551: 9530: 9051: 8714: 8620: 8110: 7573: 7551: 7455:

British Intelligence in the Second World War. Its influence on Strategy and Operations (abridged edition)

5803:"The calm was broken at 0635 when a dozen bombers attacked the transport area. One bomb narrowly missing 4325: 3917: 3721: 2771: 2763: 2686: 1765: 1197: 1082: 1046: 927: 905: 848: 7855: 7853:

Canadians in Sicily, 1943 Canadians in Sicily: Photos, battle info, video footage and newspaper archives

5871: 3660:

retreated toward Catania. The 246th Coastal Battalion retreated to strong points at Cozzo Telegrafo and

3366:(expanded into the 505th Parachute Regimental Combat Team with the addition of the 3rd Battalion of the 2728:. The formations of XXX Corps sailed from more diverse ports: the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, under 2685:

The British Eighth Army had four infantry divisions and an independent infantry brigade organized under

11495: 11398: 11015: 10511: 10430: 10375: 10263: 10219: 9869: 9495: 9419: 9321: 9198: 9070: 9063: 9023: 8996: 8728: 8661: 8256: 8067: 7997: 7977: 7956: 4504: 4167: 4098:

The German plan was thorough, with clear lines of command imposing strict discipline on the operation.

4026:

commenced. This important position was held by the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division. The remnants of the

3470: 3396: 2823: 2697: 2635: 2565: 2465: 2294: 2151: 1760: 1557: 1508: 1384: 1147: 871: 737: 715: 35: 5792: 4280:, recorded that fellow Canadian troops were involved in a number of "unsettling incidents", including 3671: 1088: 968: 10917: 10834: 10479: 10451: 10284: 10189: 9979: 9412: 8486: 8140: 4329: 3946: 3129: 3076: 2859: 2785:. The "Red Patch Division" was added to Leese's XXX Corps to become part of the British Eighth Army. 2306: 1912: 1463: 1250: 1238: 720: 30:"Invasion of Sicily" redirects here. For the Athenian offensive in the Second Peloponnesian War, see 8684: 4184: 3203:

bombarded the island and from 6 June, Allied attacks increased. From 8 May to 11 June 5,285 bombing

10656: 10633: 9885: 9686: 9679: 9343: 9003: 8975: 8968: 8355: 7800: 7796: 7788: 7780: 7547: 5676:

U.S. Army in World War II – Mediterranean Theater of Operations – Sicily and the Surrender of Italy

3460:

unloading stores from tank landing craft on the opening day of the invasion of Sicily, 10 July 1943

3457: 3399: 3084: 3012: 2759: 2740: 2619: 2590: 2510: 2442: 2289: 1860: 1673: 1291: 770: 8700: 8677: 7187: 3603:(Colonel Wilhelm Schmalz), in conjunction with the 54th Infantry Division "Napoli" (Major-General 11078: 11022: 10892: 10752: 10437: 10090: 9986: 9892: 9460: 9328: 9298: 9262: 9247: 9119: 9011: 8989: 8935: 8921: 8903: 8567: 8348: 8076: 8025: 7036: 5111: 4492: 4452: 4293: 3749: 3356: 2827: 2576: 2499: 2265: 2209: 1845: 1785: 1446: 1217: 1112: 807: 666: 4738: 3556:

hit and damaged by an Italian bomber formation on the morning of 11 July. Italian Stukas (named

688: 11490: 10770: 10663: 10465: 10416: 10319: 10212: 10182: 9965: 9853: 9579: 9370: 8961: 8942: 8912: 8459: 8429: 7869: 7419:

Mussolini's Island: The Invasion of Sicily Through The Eyes Of Those Who Witnessed The Campaign

5106: 4498: 4300: 3765: 3561: 3480:

In Major General Terry Allen's U.S. 1st Infantry Division sector at Gela, there was an Italian

3072: 2801: 2492: 2385: 2248: 2224: 1814: 1780: 1726: 1702: 1262: 1190: 1165: 917: 836: 7946: 6594: 6125: 5779:, which was lying, fully illuminated, five miles off the beaches." Stephen Wentworth Roskill. 5764: 5240:

Lockheed P 38 Lightning Corkscrew op IL⭐2 Pantelleria 8-5-1943 USAF 82nd FG NASAF 8th May 1943

4700: 4104: 11388: 11261: 10984: 10827: 10723: 10693: 10649: 10389: 10354: 10347: 10270: 10168: 9609: 9586: 9433: 9044: 8581: 8321: 8307: 7990: 6029: 5563:

UNIONE NAZIONALE UFFICIALI IN CONGEDO D'ITALIA: RIVISTA DI CULTURA MILITARE FONDATA NEL 1927

4538: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4474: 4448: 4277: 4128:

British troops scramble over rubble in a devastated street in Catania, Sicily, 5 August 1943.

3760: 3526: 3496: 3481: 3447: 3379: 3068: 2748: 2554: 2065: 1657: 1412: 1352: 1244: 993: 8879: 4533: 4241: 3414:. The scattered airborne troops attacked patrols and created confusion wherever possible. A 2990: 2758:

The 1st Canadian Infantry Division was included in Operation Husky at the insistence of the

2214: 11085: 10940: 10591: 10548: 10518: 10444: 10254: 10233: 9159: 8636: 8314: 6177: 6058: 5101: 4462: 4316: 3989: 3855: 3572: 3038: 2915: 2816: 2579: 2568:. The two task force commanders reported to Alexander as commander of the 15th Army Group. 2502: 2163: 1924: 1865: 1850: 1344: 1178: 1099: 949: 263: 5775:"The only serious casualty was the sinking, with heavy loss of life, of the hospital ship 2792:

were to be flown in to support both the Western and Eastern Task Forces. To the east, the

2571: 2318: 8: 11459: 11304: 11203: 10977: 10855: 10811: 10333: 9467: 9233: 8760: 8590: 8574: 8523: 5973:

informatici, Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica – Servizio sistemi.

4508: 4486: 4480: 4375: 4359: 4353: 4124: 3982: 3913: 3537: 3276: 3270: 3216: 2927: 2812: 2797: 2778: 2611: 2528: 2423: 2270: 2236: 2075: 2037: 2009: 1995: 1770: 1714: 1695: 1688: 1667: 1636: 1608: 1601: 1496: 1491: 1441: 1400: 1315: 1209: 1003: 883: 31: 7679: 2877:

with headquarters in Tunisia. NAAF consisted primarily of groups from the United States

71:

A map of the Allied army progress during Operation Husky from 11 July to 17 August 1943.

11196: 11029: 10954: 10908: 10878: 10786: 10626: 10291: 10175: 10069: 10020: 9958: 9714: 9665: 9474: 9098: 8753: 8551: 7916: 7911: 7891: 7865:

World War Two Online Newspaper Archives – The Sicilian and Italian Campaigns, 1943–1945

7192: 4710: 4662: 4468: 4456: 4381: 4369: 4333: 4198: 4133: 4063: 3966: 3903: 3899: 3868: 3729: 3639: 3613: 3519: 3330: 3248: 3016: 2671: 2618:

The U.S. Seventh Army consisted initially of three infantry divisions, organized under

2546: 2506: 2488: 2412: 2405: 2282: 2229: 2044: 2030: 1795: 1650: 1629: 1379: 1331: 1307: 1299: 1268: 1093: 656: 387: 290: 7942:

The Irish Brigade 1941–47 account of the 38th (Irish) Brigade in Sicily in August 1943

6877:

Rommel's Desert Commanders: The Men Who Served the Desert Fox, North Africa, 1941–1942

3685: 3484:

where the dispersed 505th Parachute Regimental Combat Team was supposed to have been.

3339: 11449: 11335: 11187: 11071: 10961: 10901: 10862: 10795: 10777: 10743: 10686: 10640: 10584: 10409: 10147: 10139: 10076: 9929: 9523: 9055: 8516: 8495: 8205: 7744: 7725: 7706: 7689: 7656: 7617: 7599: 7581: 7559: 7534: 7516: 7498: 7480: 7462: 7440: 7422: 7404: 7385: 7372: 7366: 7352: 7334: 7307: 7287: 7267: 7248: 7226: 7208: 7202: 7115: 7081: 7057: 6600: 6450: 6414: 6394: 6133: 5826: 5654: 5460: 4879: 4848: 4387: 4349: 4320: 4265: 4140: 3847: 3568:

bomber units. As part of the seaborne landings south at Agnone, some 400 men of

3503: 3334: 3042: 3024: 3020: 2890: 2863: 2838: 2830: 2774: 2744: 2651: 2583: 2517: 2427: 2323: 2277: 2258: 2253: 2180: 2051: 2016: 2002: 1936: 1917: 1907: 1886: 1855: 1681: 1643: 1622: 1615: 1481: 1431: 1284: 1222: 1185: 1126: 888: 727: 703: 374: 348: 4557: 4117:, who had remained in Calabria with the 1st Parachute Division headquarters and the 4009:, British 78th Division, await orders to move into Centuripe, Sicily, 2 August 1943. 11106: 11099: 11043: 10707: 10472: 10458: 10361: 10298: 10249: 10062: 9915: 9862: 9672: 9623: 9537: 8767: 8744: 8277: 6348: 4304: 4225: 4114: 4023: 3892: 3647: 3254: 3231:, some 140 km (90 mi) west of Malta, followed in short order on 12 June. 3105: 3007: 2998:

By late July, the German units had been reinforced, principally by elements of the

2898: 2849: 2604: 2561: 2434: 2243: 2192: 2158: 2070: 1929: 1893: 1879: 1831: 1826: 1800: 1775: 1741: 1662: 1417: 1276: 1159: 698: 676: 303: 98: 8286: 7932:

COHQ bulletin Y1 notes on the planning and assault phase of the Sicilian operation

7887:

2nd World War Best of Sicily History of the Allied Campaign and its social context

7078:

Soldier, Sailor, Beggarman, Thief: Crime and the British Armed Services since 1914

11129: 10841: 10756: 10714: 10612: 10555: 10423: 10205: 10196: 9725: 9307: 9283: 8537: 7906: 7876: 7859: 7832: 7051: 4842: 4289: 4189: 4083: 4051: 3843: 3735: 3679: 3388: 3308: 3220: 3204: 3113: 3029: 2983: 2958: 2955: 2886: 2805: 2789: 2639: 2521: 2453: 2409: 2173: 2146: 2141: 2136: 1900: 1790: 1719: 1707: 1451: 1366: 1323: 1203: 1139: 1104: 866: 787: 361: 11430:

Operation Mincemeat: The True Spy Story that Changed the Course of World War II

11241: 6293:

L' Invasione della Sicilia 1943: Avvenimenti Militari e Responsabilità Politiche

4307:. After capturing 45 Italian and 3 German POWs while attacking an airfield near 11136: 10672: 10598: 8650: 8509: 7741:

Roys Boys: The Devons, Hampshires & Dorsets in Sicily July - September 1943

7556:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa

5678:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 147–162. 5261: 4257: 3725: 3576: 3359: 3197: 2951: 2894: 2878: 2819: 2736: 2717: 2679: 2532: 1821: 1755: 1171: 1062: 802: 797: 494: 324: 311: 285: 272: 169: 7971: 5238: 3664:. The 76th Infantry Regiment of the Napoli Division covered the left flank of 3488:

of the Hermann Göring Panzer Division, which had been due to advance with the

1014: 66: 11474: 10947: 8872: 8721: 8560: 7693: 7291: 5781:

The War at Sea, 1939–1945: part 1. The offensive, 1st June 1943–31st May 1944

4273: 4092: 3818: 3769: 3690: 3565: 3533: 3288: 2882: 2729: 2693: 2655: 2460:. The collapse of Italy necessitated German troops replacing the Italians in 2301: 2219: 2168: 1731: 1522: 1476: 1456: 1118: 555: 525: 441: 356: 343: 298: 258: 221: 157: 606: 11325: 11246: 11050: 9350: 9255: 8886: 8249: 8013: 7614:

With Utmost Spirit: Allied Naval Operations in the Mediterranean, 1942–1945

5809:

With Utmost Spirit: Allied Naval Operations in the Mediterranean, 1942–1945

5690: 4308: 4110: 4077: 3383: 3296: 3280: 3141: 2834: 2701: 2623: 2449: 2401: 2381: 1736: 1486: 639: 579: 464: 382: 369: 236: 58: 34:. For the 1860 conquest of Sicily as part of the Unification of Italy, see 7653:

Operation Husky: the Canadian invasion of Sicily, July 10 – August 7, 1943

7572:

Molony, C. J. C.; Flynn, F.C.; Davies, H. L. & Gleave, T. P. (2004) ,

7324:, Waterloo: Laurier Centre for Military, Strategic and Disarmament Studies 4249: 4248:

George Herbert McCaffrey fired into a civilian crowd looting a factory in

3635: 3299:

was sent to Greece to assume command. The Germans transferred a group of "

10885: 10871: 10533: 9209: 9030: 9015: 8369: 7162:

Le altre stragi: le stragi alleate e tedesche nella Sicilia del 1943–1944

7109: 7007:

Le altre stragi: Le stragi alleate e tedesche nella Sicilia del 1943–1944

6621:

The Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943

4363: 3694: 3675: 3608: 3550: 3352: 3193: 3165: 2904:

operating from the island of Malta, also provided important air support.

2874: 2842: 2732: 2393: 2118: 1838: 1748: 763: 681: 192: 187: 7870:

Operation Husky: The Allied Invasion of Sicily, 1943 by Thomas E. Nutter

7837: 7531:

The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory

7112:

The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory

6596:

The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory

6431:

Le Azioni Navali in Mediterraneo Dal 1° aprile 1941 all'8 settembre 1943

5653:. Washington DC: United States Government Printing Office. p. 149. 5618:

Fondo M-9: Serie Sicilia, Andrea Crescenzi, Ministero della Difesa, 2015

5188: 2086: 10240: 9993: 9972: 8865: 8198: 8126: 7053:

Allies and Italians under Occupation: Sicily and Southern Italy 1943–45

6929:

Voices of My Comrades: America's Reserve Officers Remember World War II

5262:"The Reduction of Pantelleria and Adjacent Islands, 8 May–14 June 1943" 4384:: Advanced air drop by 2 SAS to disrupt communications on 12 July 1943. 4378:: Commando raid on a lighthouse near the main landings on 10 July 1943. 3934: 3884: 3798: 3698: 3661: 3624: 3544: 2901: 2495: 671: 661: 11273: 7886: 7631: 6012:

The D.L.I. at War: The History of the Durham Light Infantry, 1939–1945

4229: 4072:

Wounded American soldier receiving blood plasma, Sicily, 9 August 1943

3896: 2961:, although specially designated Fortress Areas around the main ports ( 10503: 9908: 9705: 9516: 9314: 9269: 5950:

Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943

5902:

The D.L.I. at War: The History of the Durham Light Infantry 1939–1945

5729:

Junkers Ju 87 Stukageschwader of North Africa & the Mediterranean

5591:

Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943

5210:

The Reduction of Pantelleria and Adjacent Islands, 8 May–14 June 1943

4878:, Chicago, Illinois: Chicago University Press, 1949 (Reprinted 1983, 4337: 4285: 4237: 3473:

Battalion lost several men to mines and machine-gun and cannon fire.

3344: 3224: 3137: 2438: 1946: 204: 27:

1943 military campaign of World War II on the island of Sicily, Italy

11546:

Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II

8790: 7882:

Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers and Second World War (Sicily)

4847:(2011 ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 374. 4292:. According to Mitcham and von Stauffenberg, Canadian troops of the 3728:, was counter-attacked by the 206th Coastal Division (under General 3253:

The Allies used a network of tunnels and chambers located below the

2678:

headquarters, commanded by his deputy army commander, Major General

11556:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom

8774: 8502: 7799:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

6411:

Flag 4: The Battle of Coastal Forces in the Mediterranean 1939–1945

4701:

Ufficio storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito (USSME) (1993).

4312: 3806: 3258: 3178: 3168:

wreathed in smoke from bursting bombs during the Allied bombardment

3080: 2946:

General Alfredo Guzzoni, Supreme Commander of Axis forces in Sicily

2430: 1549: 1076: 11526:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States

6893:

Decisive Decades: A History of the Twentieth Century for Canadians

3283:

and RAF Squadron Leader Charles Cholmondeley. The British allowed

3211:

On 11 June, after a naval bombardment and seaborne landing by the

3059: 2942: 7907:

German Soldiers' Cemetery, Motta S. Anastasia, Sicily (in German)

7281: 7023:

The Mafia and the Allies: Sicily 1943 and the Return of the Mafia

6130:

GI ingenuity: improvisation, technology, and winning World War II

4281: 3907: 3810: 3590: 3485: 3415: 3101: 3097: 3093: 2663: 2643: 7941: 7037:"Massacres and Atrocities of World War II in the Axis Countries" 4390:: Airborne landing at Primosole Bridge ahead on 13–14 July 1943. 4296:

summarily executed German prisoners of war during the invasion.

3764:

and forcing paratroopers to jump far from their drop zones. The

3564:

torpedo-bombers coordinated their attacks with German Stuka and

9384: 7982: 7457:, History of the Second World War (2nd rev. ed.), London: 5609:, Ian Stanley Ord Playfair, p. 95, H.M. Stationery Office, 1954 4411:

List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II

4100: 3925: 3670:

which withdrew toward Lentini and then retired to Palermo. The

3300: 3228: 3182: 3174: 3109: 3023:

and the rest of the panzergrenadier division under the Italian

2389: 501: 181: 94: 7550:; Molony, C. J. C.; Flynn, F. C. & Gleave, T. P. (2004) , 7529:

Mitcham, Samuel W. & von Stauffenberg, Friedrich (2007) ,

7207:, The Liberation Trilogy, vol. II, New York: Henry Holt, 7098:

Why We Fight: New Approaches to the Human Dimension of Warfare

5753:

Bloodstained Sands: U.S. Amphibious Operations in World War II

3783:, part of the 82nd Airborne Division and commanded by Colonel 9572: 7952:

Sicily and the Surrender of Italy/Landing at Mollarella Beach

7852: 7322:

The Canadian Battlefields in Italy: Sicily and Southern Italy

6568:

The First Bridge Too Far: The Battle of Primosole Bridge 1943

6280:

The First Bridge Too Far: The Battle of Primosole Bridge 1943

4545:

For service in the prescribed area, 10 July to 17 August 1943

4233: 3634:

and the Hermann Göring Division. The American advance toward

3149: 2725: 6593:

Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr.; Von Stauffenberg, Friedrich (2018).

3832:

behind the U.S. 1st Infantry Division. Progress was slow as

3382:

of the 21st Independent Parachute Company, who were to mark

2557:). The Western Task Force (Task Force 343) was commanded by 11551:

World War II operations and battles of the Italian Campaign

7458: 6887: 6885: 4574:

As C-in-C of the Armed Forces Command Sicily until 30 July.

4253: 3145: 3133: 3121: 2721: 2659: 2509:(C-in-C) of all the Allied forces in North Africa. British 7897:

Historical Museum of the Military Invasion of Sicily, 1943

7304:

The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943–1945

7181:

The Conquest of Sicily from 10 July 1943 to 17 August 1943

6088:

Blitzkrieg No Longer: The German Wehrmacht in Battle, 1943

5962:

Sulle spiagge di Licata muore il generale Enrico Francisci

4583:

As C-in-C of the Armed Forces Command Sicily from 30 July.

2415:, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the 7546: 7204:

The Day of Battle, The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944

6821:

The Decisive Campaigns of the Desert Air Force, 1942–1945

5308: 5306: 5194: 3678:

and the Livorno Division withdrew its right flank toward

2770:. The change was not finalized until 27 April 1943, when 11516:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany

6882: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4328:

John T. Compton ordered 35 Italian POWs to be summarily

3589:

Montgomery's Eighth Army was, therefore, to capture the

2582:

meets in North Africa with (foreground, left to right):

11501:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Canada

7927:

COHQ bulletin Y6 digest of reports on Operation 'Husky'

7571: 7528: 7196:(2nd supplement). 10 February 1948. pp. 1009–1025. 6905: 6903: 6901: 6832: 6807: 6792: 6780: 6768: 6743: 6731: 6719: 6707: 6695: 6683: 6644: 6632: 6592: 6447:

La guerra dei radar: il suicidio dell'Italia: 1935/1943

6266: 6254: 6242: 6164: 6111: 6074: 6046: 5888: 5820: 5715: 5503: 5479: 5414: 5399: 5387: 5375: 5339: 5170: 5155: 5143: 5087: 5075: 5046: 5031: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4944: 4920: 4908: 4828: 4807: 4773:

Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943–1945

3674:

eventually pulled back from the Piano Lupo area toward

2994:

Map of the Allied and Axis dispositions on 10 July 1943

11521:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Italy

8644:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

7401:

The Paras 1940–1984: British airborne forces 1940–1984

6667: 6665: 5303: 6879:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 28 February 2007. p. 80 4787: 3874:. Both ships were put out of action for over a year. 2822:. The Western Naval Task Force was formed around the 7973:

Italian newsreel – Italians begin to evacuate Sicily

7495:

Backwater War: The Allied Campaign in Italy, 1943–45

7110:

Samual W. Mitcham; Stephen Von Stauffenberg (2007).

6942:

Silent Wings at War: Combate Gliders in World War II

6898: 6065:. University of Illinois Press, 1 March 2002. p.163 6030:"4: Sicily, Italy and Home – June 1943 to June 1944" 3192:

Operations began in May against the small island of

2535:. The overall Naval Force Commander was the British 7286:(M.A.). Waterloo, Ont: Wilfrid Laurier University. 6662: 5601: 5599: 5318: 4401:

Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories

2808:, was to be held as a tactical reserve in Tunisia. 11576:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom 6944:. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1 May 1992. p. 55 6203:"Quei bambini sul carro armato - la Repubblica.it" 4406:List of British military equipment of World War II 4192:, hit by bombs, burns during the initial landings. 3877:On the night of 17 July, the Italian cruiser 3343:British airborne troops wait to board an American 2971:ground staff. The main German formations were the 11571:Amphibious operations involving the United States 7783:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 5915:Sicily 1943: The Debut of Allied joint operations 4421:List of German military equipment of World War II 3924:, British 78th Infantry Division, in action near 1540:¹ — Involved an Allied convoy or delivery mission 11472: 7703:Sicily '43: The First Assault on Fortress Europe 7477:Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943 7320:Copp, Terry; McGreer, Eric; Symes, Matt (2008), 7319: 7149:The Greatest War: Americans in Combat, 1941–1945 6975: 6583:. Pen & Sword Military, 24 July 2008. p. 181 6581:The Battle for Sicily: Stepping Stone to Victory 5930:. Pen & Sword Military, 24 July 2008. p. 116 5928:The Battle for Sicily: Stepping Stone to Victory 5674:Garland, Albert N.; Smyth, Howard McGaw (1965). 5596: 5456:Sicily – Salerno – Anzio, January 1943–June 1944 5335: 5333: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4228:, where 12 civilians were killed, including the 3650:, killed in action and posthumously awarded the 3063:Sicily (red) in relation to the Italian mainland 2950:The island was defended by the two corps of the 7937:45th Infantry Division in the Sicilian Campaign 7848:Excerpt from The Day Of Battle by Rick Atkinson 7331:Sicilia 1943: breve storia dello sbarco alleato 6107: 6105: 5651:The Sicilian Campaign, 10 July – 17 August 1943 4303:summarily executed 73 Axis prisoners of war in 2873:(NAAF) under the command of Lieutenant General 1542:² — Involved an Axis convoy or delivery mission 1044: 11561:Military history of France during World War II 11506:Military history of Canada during World War II 7722:Operation HUSKY: The Allied Invasion of Sicily 6931:. Fordham Univ Press, 15 December 2007. p. 159 4844:World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1 4416:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II 11289: 7998: 7686:United States Army Center of Military History 7510: 7398: 7283:The Loyal Edmonton Regiment at war, 1943–1945 7245:United States Army Center of Military History 7136:La Guerra in Sicilia 1943: Storia Fotografica 7080:. Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 128–129; 7034: 6895:. T. Nelson & Sons (Canada), 1973. p. 354 6846:Years of Expectation: Guadalcanal to Normandy 6803: 6801: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6540: 5649:La Monte, John L.; Lewis, Winston B. (1993). 5648: 5330: 4876:The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume 2 4834: 4675: 3976: 3803:3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) 3144:, while XIII Corps would land in the Gulf of 2962: 2102: 1962: 1565: 1030: 636: 622: 7333:(in Italian), Catania, Italy: Le Nove Muse, 7243:, The U.S. Army WWII Campaigns, Washington: 6957:. Simon and Schuster, 2 October 2007. p. 550 6469: 6467: 6465: 6391:Technical history of the beginnings of radar 6339:. Osprey Publishing, 25 November 2000. p. 25 6226: 6224: 6102: 5872:"BBC – WW2 People's War – 3 Commando Bridge" 5740:"The first victim of the air attack was USS 5673: 5558: 5556: 4600: 4598: 4372:: Glider landing at Syracuse on 9 July 1943. 3833: 3823: 3706: 3665: 3655: 3629: 3598: 3307:which reduced German combat strength in the 3046: 2487:The plan for Operation Husky called for the 7684:. The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. 7616:, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 6960: 5975:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana" 5825:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Werner Söderström. 5436: 5434: 5432: 5410: 5408: 5166: 5164: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5042: 5040: 4657:. London, Weidenfeld Nicolson. p. 627. 4604:Mitcham and von Stauffenberg (2007), p. 307 3543:and Re.2002s sunk the Indian hospital ship 3079:were in favour of an invasion of Sicily or 2441:from power in Italy on 25 July, and to the 11358:Y dyn na fu erioed (The Man who Never Was) 11296: 11282: 8005: 7991: 7922:Sicily-Rome American Cemetery and Memorial 7912:Commonwealth War Cemetery, Catania, Sicily 7390:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7349:Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily 1943 7346: 6798: 6537: 5426:Mitcham and von Stauffenberg (2007), p. 75 4991: 4989: 4715:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4667:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4592:Mitcham and von Stauffenberg (2007), p. 63 3279:, conceived by Naval intelligence officer 2109: 2095: 1969: 1955: 1572: 1558: 1037: 1023: 629: 615: 85:(1 month, 1 week and 1 day) 7819:Learn how and when to remove this message 7178: 6671: 6656: 6554: 6473: 6462: 6413:. Chatham Publishing, 1998, pp. 121–122. 6230: 6221: 6178:"THE BRITISH ARMY IN SICILY, AUGUST 1943" 5693:. Comando Supremo, Italy at War website. 5553: 5440: 5131: 5063: 4932: 4595: 4343: 3754:376th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion 3391:from the British 1st Airborne Division's 3372:456th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion 3155: 2575:Allied leaders in the Sicilian campaign. 2116: 227: 7328: 7266:(in Italian), Siracusa, Italy: Morrone, 7200: 7186: 7049: 6123: 5575:Sicilia senza Italia, Luglio-Agosto 1943 5429: 5405: 5161: 5052: 5037: 4759: 4362:: Allied invasion of the Italian island 4183: 4123: 4067: 4000: 3912: 3793: 3734: 3684: 3682:, to cover the Hermann Göring Division. 3451: 3338: 3238: 3159: 3058: 3045:, the German C-in-C Army Command South ( 2989: 2941: 2788:In addition to the amphibious landings, 2753:231st Independent Infantry Brigade Group 2570: 11303: 7700: 7650: 7629: 7611: 7511:Jowett, Philip S.; Stephen, A. (2001), 7474: 7452: 7416: 7399:Ferguson, Gregor; Lyles, Kevin (1984), 7364: 7220: 5972: 5858: 5636: 5585: 5583: 5452: 5324: 5312: 5297: 5259: 5182: 5001: 4986: 4813: 4622:Including Navy and Air Force personnel. 4332:. West and Compton were charged by the 4264:recorded "a few" instances of rape and 3969:), covering the withdrawal of the 15th 3219:) the island garrison surrendered. The 2869:. The major sub-command of MAC was the 2704:. The two divisions of XIII Corps, the 212: 14: 11581:Amphibious operations involving Canada 11473: 9852: 9830:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7677: 7533:, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 7497:, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 7298: 7238: 7179:Alexander, Harold (12 February 1948), 6984: 6024: 6009: 5783:. H.M. Stationery Office, 1960. p. 131 5491: 5206: 4840: 4703:Le operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria 4696: 4694: 4648: 4646: 3402:, were to seize landing zones inland. 2893:operating from Tunisia and Egypt, and 2710:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Divisions 1976: 11566:Amphibious operations of World War II 11277: 10701:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 10133:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 9779:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9735:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8840:Rape during the occupation of Germany 7986: 7892:The 82nd Airborne during World War II 7434: 7279: 6014:. Durham Light Infantry. p. 123. 5755:. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. p. 270 5200: 5099: 5093: 4874:Craven, Wesley F. and Cate, James L. 3922:Princess Louise's Kensington Regiment 3910:–twelve British sailors were killed. 3697:vintage, rather than the more modern 3071:in January 1943, with the end of the 2090: 1950: 1553: 1018: 610: 9823:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8855:Rape during the liberation of France 7838:Gela Beachhead Counterattack of 1943 7763: 7738: 7719: 7593: 7492: 7261: 6966:Mitcham and von Stauffenberg, p. 305 6918:Messerschmidt, et al, 2007, p. 1,114 6152: 6000:Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 140 5811:. University Press of Kentucky, 2014 5731:. Osprey Publishing, 1998. pp. 81–82 5580: 5363: 5351: 5269:Defense Technical Information Center 5218:Air Force Historical Research Agency 4688:Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 305 4652: 4319:for questioning; West proceeded to 3441: 3324: 2920:Northwest African Tactical Air Force 2614:, and unidentified British officers. 1579: 11586:Military operations of World War II 7151:. Presidio, 1 December 1999. p. 333 6099:Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 80 4775:. Lexington Books, 2001. pp. 37–38. 4691: 4643: 4299:On 14 July, American troops of the 2642:respectively, sailed from ports in 24: 10049:German invasion of the Netherlands 8329:Weather events during World War II 7705:(Hardback). London: Bantam Press. 7670: 7421:, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 7306:, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 5904:. Andrews UK Limited, 2012, p. 123 5821:Bauer, Eddy; Kilpi, Mikko (1975). 5528:. 17 November 2013. Archived from 4558:"450 Squadron RAAF Roll of Honour" 4057: 3319: 2700:, commanded by Lieutenant-General 2622:, commanded by Lieutenant General 2392:in July 1943 and took it from the 25: 11602: 10680:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 7759: 7050:Williams, Isobel (30 July 2013). 6980:. Storia e battaglie. p. 13. 5793:Sunk By Enemy Action – SS Talamba 5688: 4655:A History of the Second World War 4311:, a regimental detachment led by 4132:Full-scale withdrawal, codenamed 4043:26th Infantry Division "Assietta" 3861:, and the Italian submarine 3376:307th Airborne Engineer Battalion 3368:504th Parachute Infantry Regiment 3364:505th Parachute Infantry Regiment 2922:under the command of Air Marshal 2741:51st (Highland) Infantry Division 11240: 8012: 7962:Agrigento-Licata from 10–16 July 7768: 7437:1943: The Victory that Never Was 7154: 7141: 7128: 7103: 7090: 7070: 7043: 7028: 7021:Ezio Costanzo, George Lawrence. 7015: 6998: 6969: 6947: 6934: 6921: 6912: 6869: 6860: 6851: 6838: 6826: 6813: 6786: 6774: 6762: 6749: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6701: 6689: 6677: 6650: 6638: 6626: 6613: 6586: 6573: 6560: 6524: 6515: 6506: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6439: 6423: 6403: 6383: 6353: 6342: 6329: 6320: 6311: 6298: 6285: 6272: 6260: 6248: 6236: 6195: 6170: 6158: 6146: 6117: 6093: 6080: 6068: 6052: 6040: 6018: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5966: 5459:. University of Illinois Press. 5100:Allen, Thomas B. (August 2002). 4562:Queensland War Memorial Register 4284:, shooting at civilians and one 4208:Germany and the Second World War 3623:On the night of 11–12 July, the 3189:anti-aircraft fire over Sicily. 3034:Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin 578: 554: 524: 500: 493: 463: 440: 381: 368: 355: 342: 323: 310: 297: 284: 271: 257: 229: 214: 197: 186: 174: 162: 150: 135:Sicily occupied by Allied forces 65: 11541:Italian campaign (World War II) 7947:Licata Landing La Vedettaonline 7743:. Semper Fidelis Publications. 7171: 6976:Fabrizio Carloni (April 2009). 6848:. New York, McKay, 1973. p. 127 6090:. Stackpole Books, 2009. p. 180 6034:History of 4th Armoured Brigade 5955: 5942: 5933: 5920: 5907: 5894: 5882: 5864: 5852: 5839: 5814: 5797: 5786: 5769: 5758: 5734: 5721: 5709: 5697:from the original on 9 May 2008 5682: 5667: 5642: 5630: 5621: 5612: 5567: 5544: 5518: 5509: 5497: 5485: 5473: 5446: 5420: 5393: 5381: 5369: 5357: 5345: 5291: 5282: 5253: 5231: 5176: 5149: 5137: 5125: 5081: 5069: 5025: 5013: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4914: 4902: 4889: 4868: 4822: 4801: 4778: 4765: 4753: 4723: 4634: 4625: 4616: 3583: 3490:4th Infantry Division "Livorno" 3435:54th Infantry Division "Napoli" 3234: 2483:Operation Husky order of battle 280:(C-in-C Allied 15th Army Group) 10927:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 8637:Territorial changes of Germany 8545:Indonesian National Revolution 7967:Husky Planning on 10 July 1943 7035:George Duncan (3 March 2016). 6978:Le atrocità alleate in Sicilia 6429:Fioravanzo, Giusseppe (1970). 5453:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2018). 5216:. monograph 52. US Air Force, 4895:Richards, D. and Saunders, H. 4653:Hart, Basil H. Liddel (1970). 4607: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4550: 4526: 4442: 4433: 4028:28th Infantry Division "Aosta" 3939:British 78th Infantry Division 3781:325th Glider Infantry Regiment 2712:, commanded by Major-Generals 2634:, commanded by Major Generals 2555:1st Canadian Infantry Division 2531:was appointed as Eisenhower's 306:(C-in-C American Seventh Army) 123:of the Fascist regime in Italy 13: 1: 10327:Japanese invasion of Thailand 10278:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 10042:German invasion of Luxembourg 8423:Mediterranean and Middle East 7917:Syracuse War Cemetery, Sicily 7833:Describes Operation Mincemeat 7225:, Westport, Conn: Greenwood, 6891:A. B. Hodgetts, J. D. Burns. 6534:. Zenith Imprint, 2002. p. 81 6449:. Greco & Greco, p. 187. 6295:. G. Crisafulli, 1962. p. 298 5917:. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013 4897:The Royal Air Force 1939–1945 4426: 4219: 4179: 4039:29th Panzergrenadier Division 3840:British 1st Parachute Brigade 3768:lost 23 of 144 С-47s to 3739:American paratroopers of the 3652:Gold Medal of Military Valour 3605:Giulio Cesare Gotti Porcinari 3213:British 1st Infantry Division 3164:Aerial view of the island of 3004:29th Panzergrenadier Division 2980:15th Panzergrenadier Division 2918:that were detached to NAAF's 2804:, commanded by Major General 2796:, commanded by Major-General 2794:British 1st Airborne Division 2768:British 3rd Infantry Division 2471: 827:Mediterranean and Middle East 10234:Invasion of the Soviet Union 9923:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 9241:Independent State of Croatia 7843:Husky Operations Plan Sicily 7638:(November 1995). History Net 7138:. Le Nove Muse, 2009. p. 130 7100:. McGill-Queen's Press, 2020 6124:Carafano, James Jay (2006). 4262:Special Investigation Branch 4160: 4007:Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers 3713:British 4th Armoured Brigade 3482:division-sized counterattack 3420:South Staffordshire Regiment 3264: 2871:Northwest African Air Forces 808:Manchuria and Northern Korea 293:(C-in-C British Eighth Army) 7: 11443:Related military operations 11218:End of World War II in Asia 11058:Western invasion of Germany 10565:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 10542:Second Battle of El Alamein 10112:Hundred Regiments Offensive 10084:Battle of the Mediterranean 9937:Italian invasion of Albania 8111:Air warfare of World War II 7280:Brown, Shaun R. G. (1984). 7221:Bimberg, Edward L. (1999), 7160:Giovanni Bartolone (2005). 7004:Giovanni Bartolone (2005). 6570:. Casemate Publishers, 2018 6337:Italian Aces of World War 2 6282:. Casemate Publishers, 2018 6207:Archivio - la Repubblica.it 5577:. Mursia, 1976. pp. 153–154 4841:Tucker, Spencer C. (2011). 4534:"SICILY 1943 Battle Honors" 4394: 4035:U.S. 18th Infantry Regiment 3743:bound for Sicily, July 1943 3722:2nd Special Service Brigade 3638:was temporarily held up by 3314: 3054: 2802:U.S. 82nd Airborne Division 1048:Battle of the Mediterranean 572:116,861 captured or missing 364:(C-in-C Italian Sixth Army) 10: 11607: 11536:Military history of Sicily 11531:United States Army Rangers 11144:Naval bombardment of Japan 10512:First Battle of El Alamein 10431:Battle of Christmas Island 10376:Japanese invasion of Burma 10140:Italian invasion of Greece 10056:German invasion of Belgium 10028:German invasion of Denmark 10001:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 9870:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 8134:Comparative military ranks 7739:Jary, Christopher (2021). 7678:Birtle, Andrew J. (2004). 7655:, Douglas & McIntyre, 7630:Zabecki, David T. (1995). 7300:Carver, Field Marshal Lord 7239:Birtle, Andrew J. (1993), 6623:. Lulu Press, 2013. p. 202 6209:(in Italian). 11 June 2017 6132:. Greenwood. p. 100. 5952:. Lulu Press, 2013. p. 193 5593:. Lulu Press, 2013. p. 193 4505:Royal Australian Air Force 4168:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht 4061: 4005:Men of the 6th Battalion, 3980: 3977:Battles for Etna positions 3445: 3328: 3268: 3246: 2480: 2380:, was a major campaign of 596:10,106 captured or missing 335:(Naval Commander in Chief) 267:(Supreme Allied Commander) 36:Expedition of the Thousand 29: 11481:Allied invasion of Sicily 11455:Allied invasion of Sicily 11442: 11411: 11380: 11349: 11311: 11233: 11065:Bratislava–Brno offensive 11005: 10996:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 10733: 10620:Allied invasion of Sicily 10574: 10480:Aleutian Islands campaign 10452:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 10399: 10390:Greek famine of 1941–1944 10285:Second Battle of Changsha 10190:German invasion of Greece 10158: 10035:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 10010: 9948: 9843: 9724: 9450: 9360: 9208: 8911: 8902: 8660: 8485: 8377:North and Central Pacific 8338: 8100: 8093: 8020: 7612:Tomblin, Barbara (2004), 7264:Sicilia.WW2: foto inedite 6609:– via Google Books. 6361:"Original Royal Navy HMS 6308:. W. Kimber, 1962. p. 137 5469:– via Google Books. 5207:Rogers, Edith C. (1947). 4735:Sbarchi Alleati in Italia 4705:. Rome. pp. 400–401. 3947:10th Bersaglieri Regiment 3842:, commanded by Brigadier 3597:According to Axis plans, 3287:, disguised as a British 2964:Piazze Militari Marittime 2860:Mediterranean Air Command 2783:1st Canadian Tank Brigade 2476: 2404:). It began with a large 2370:Allied invasion of Sicily 2343:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2127: 1988: 1591: 1538: 1056: 647: 507:United Kingdom and Canada 483: 451:131,359–252,000 personnel 397: 393:(C-in-C XIV Panzer Corps) 246: 143: 75: 64: 52: 47: 10657:Allied invasion of Italy 10634:Solomon Islands campaign 10383:Third Battle of Changsha 9980:First Battle of Changsha 9886:Second Sino-Japanese War 8826:German military brothels 8692:United States war crimes 7596:World War II: Day by Day 7513:The Italian Army 1940–45 7493:Hoyt, Edwin P. (2007) , 7453:Hinsley, F. H. (1994) , 7368:World War II for Dummies 7183:, Alexander's Despatches 6365:Ships Badge – WWII 1941" 6126:"A Serious Second Front" 4330:executed by firing squad 3993:Göring Division and the 3963:Raggruppamento Schreiber 3560:in Italian service) and 3458:51st (Highland) Division 3085:Combined Chiefs of Staff 3013:General der Panzertruppe 2930:under Air Chief Marshal 2524:commander. The American 2443:Allied invasion of Italy 813:pre-war border conflicts 351:(C-in-C Comando Supremo) 319:(Air Commander in Chief) 11079:Second Guangxi campaign 10934:Philippines (1944–1945) 10438:Battle of the Coral Sea 10341:Fall of the Philippines 9987:Battle of South Guangxi 9893:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 9299:Italian Social Republic 7720:Pack, S. W. C. (1977). 7701:Holland, James (2020). 7475:Holland, James (2004), 7365:Dickson, Keith (2001), 7329:Costanzo, Ezio (2003), 7201:Atkinson, Rick (2007), 6823:. Pen & Sword, 2014 5765:Reggiane Re.2002 Ariete 5288:Holland (2004), p. 416. 5260:Rodgers, Edith (1947). 5112:Smithsonian Institution 4519:(maritime patrol), and 4301:180th Infantry Regiment 4294:Loyal Edmonton Regiment 4272:Angelo Thomas Sesia, a 3971:Panzer Panzergrenadier 3777:Charles L. Keerans, Jr. 3766:52nd Troop Carrier Wing 3672:Hermann Göring Division 3177:, Messina, Palermo and 3077:British Chiefs of Staff 3036:who was subordinate to 2937: 2760:Canadian Prime Minister 2464:and to a lesser extent 474:40,000–60,000 personnel 83:9 July – 17 August 1943 11591:Allies of World War II 11486:20th century in Sicily 10664:Armistice of Cassibile 10466:Battle of Dutch Harbor 10417:Battle of the Java Sea 10320:Attack on Pearl Harbor 10220:Syria–Lebanon campaign 10213:Battle of South Shanxi 10183:Invasion of Yugoslavia 9966:Battle of the Atlantic 9580:Korean Liberation Army 9293:(until September 1943) 9250:(until September 1944) 9228:(until September 1944) 7651:Zuehlke, Mark (2010), 7439:, London: Kensington, 7417:Follain, John (2005), 7351:, London: Arum Press, 7347:D'Este, Carlo (2008), 7262:Bovi, Lorenzo (2013), 7076:Emsley, Clive (2013). 7025:. Enigma, 2007. p. 119 6955:World War II Companion 6445:Baroni, Piero (2007). 6010:Rissik, David (1953). 5849:. Kimber, 1962. p. 128 4899:(Volume 2, HMSO, 1953) 4731:"La guerra in Sicilia" 4453:corvettes/minesweepers 4344:Constituent operations 4305:two separate incidents 4193: 4129: 4119:1st Parachute Regiment 4073: 4010: 3995:3rd Parachute Regiment 3929: 3920:of the 1st Battalion, 3867:torpedoed the cruiser 3846:, had been dropped in 3834: 3824: 3814: 3744: 3707: 3702: 3666: 3656: 3644:Gruppo Tattico Venturi 3630: 3599: 3562:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 3502:and the light cruiser 3475:Gruppo Tattico Carmito 3461: 3418:of the 2nd Battalion, 3393:1st Airlanding Brigade 3348: 3244: 3169: 3156:Preparatory operations 3073:North African Campaign 3064: 3047: 3000:1st Parachute Division 2995: 2963: 2947: 2777:, then commanding the 2764:William Mackenzie King 2743:, under Major-General 2714:Horatio Berney-Ficklin 2670:, under Major General 2650:, under Major General 2648:45th Infantry Division 2632:3rd Infantry Divisions 2615: 2547:Sir Bernard Montgomery 2388:invaded the island of 2131:Africa and Middle East 247:Commanders and leaders 11389:The Man Who Never Was 10828:Second Battle of Guam 10724:Bengal famine of 1943 10694:Second Battle of Kiev 10650:Battle of the Dnieper 10355:Battle of Wake Island 10227:East African campaign 10169:Battle of South Henan 9814:atrocities by Germans 9587:Korean Volunteer Army 8568:Occupation of Germany 8322:Music in World War II 7858:21 March 2009 at the 7636:World War II Magazine 7632:"Operation Mincemeat" 4819:Copp (2008), pp. 5–42 4771:Charles T. O'Reilly. 4631:Dickson (2001) p. 201 4539:Royal Australian Navy 4521:No. 462 Squadron RAAF 4517:No. 458 Squadron RAAF 4513:No. 450 Squadron RAAF 4449:Royal Australian Navy 4278:1st Canadian Division 4211:(2007) Messerschmidt 4187: 4127: 4071: 4016:9th Infantry Division 4004: 3981:Further information: 3955:3rd Ranger Battalions 3916: 3813:, Sicily, August 1943 3797: 3738: 3688: 3455: 3448:Battle of Gela (1943) 3446:Further information: 3374:, Company 'B' of the 3355:consisted largely of 3342: 3329:Further information: 3242: 3163: 3069:Casablanca Conference 3062: 2993: 2945: 2855:– also participated. 2815:and was commanded by 2603:, and (top row): Mr. 2601:Sir Andrew Cunningham 2574: 2566:American Seventh Army 2564:and consisted of the 2549:and consisted of the 2540:Sir Andrew Cunningham 2313:Indian Ocean and Asia 1873:1945 Spring Offensive 738:Yugoslavian Partisans 484:Casualties and losses 11331:Charles Cholmondeley 11114:Surrender of Germany 10592:Battle of West Hubei 10549:Guadalcanal campaign 10519:Battle of Stalingrad 10445:Battle of Madagascar 9219:Albania protectorate 9006:(formerly Swaziland) 8715:Wehrmacht war crimes 8531:Expulsion of Germans 8315:Art and World War II 8213:British contribution 8162:Governments in exile 7789:improve this article 7724:. Hippocrene Books. 7435:Grigg, John (1982), 6927:Kelly, Carol Adele. 6659:, pp. 1021–1022 6433:. USMM, pp. 468–469 6349:HMS Indomitable (92) 6182:Imperial War Museums 6059:Samuel Eliot Morison 5195:Playfair et al. 2004 4564:. 16 September 2015. 4317:intelligence officer 3990:3rd Canadian Brigade 3893:detected and engaged 3573:John Durnford-Slater 3294:Generalfeldmarschall 3039:Generalfeldmarschall 2924:Sir Arthur Coningham 2668:2nd Armored Division 2594:Sir Harold Alexander 2580:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2553:(which included the 2514:Sir Harold Alexander 2503:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2452:, "canceled a major 2372:, also known as the 1703:Armistice with Italy 264:Dwight D. Eisenhower 11511:Invasions by Canada 11460:Operation Waterfall 11399:Operation Mincemeat 11368:Operation Mincemeat 11305:Operation Mincemeat 11204:Potsdam Declaration 11093:Italy (Spring 1945) 10856:Liberation of Paris 10313:Siege of Sevastopol 9331:(until August 1944) 9234:Wang Jingwei regime 9056:from September 1943 9016:from September 1944 8954:from September 1944 8814:Romanian war crimes 8805:Persecution of Jews 8791:Croatian war crimes 8761:Japanese war crimes 8575:Occupation of Japan 8524:First Indochina War 8236:Military production 8148:Declarations of war 7957:US Official History 7875:7 June 2019 at the 7801:footnote references 7479:, London: Phoenix, 7114:. Stackpole Books. 6875:Mitcham, Samuel W. 6619:Cloutier, Patrick. 6599:. Stackpole Books. 6086:Samuel W. Mitcham. 5689:Gazzi, Alessandro. 5589:Cloutier, Patrick. 4509:No. 3 Squadron RAAF 4376:Operation Narcissus 4360:Operation Corkscrew 4354:Operation Mincemeat 4256:and other forms of 4105:Ernst-Günther Baade 3983:Battle of Centuripe 3900:motor torpedo boats 3835:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3708:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3667:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3657:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3631:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3600:Kampfgruppe Schmalz 3536:sank the destroyer 3277:Operation Mincemeat 3271:Operation Mincemeat 3217:Operation Corkscrew 2928:Middle East Command 2914:medium bombers and 2909:U.S. Army Air Force 2813:Mediterranean Fleet 2798:George F. Hopkinson 2779:Canadian First Army 2747:, from Tunisia and 2612:Walter Bedell Smith 2551:British Eighth Army 2529:Walter Bedell Smith 2448:The German leader, 2424:Operation Mincemeat 1437:Strait of Bonifacio 32:Sicilian Expedition 11197:Surrender of Japan 11030:Battle of Iwo Jima 10879:Belgrade offensive 10292:Siege of Leningrad 10176:Battle of Shanggao 10105:British Somaliland 10070:Dunkirk evacuation 10021:Norwegian campaign 9959:Invasion of Poland 9786:Japanese prisoners 8754:Italian war crimes 8685:British war crimes 8600:Soviet occupations 8384:South-West Pacific 8271:Allied cooperation 8229:Military equipment 7594:Shaw, A. (2002) , 7548:Playfair, I. S. O. 7515:, Oxford: Osprey, 7403:, Oxford: Osprey, 7223:The Moroccan Goums 7193:The London Gazette 7039:. Wayback Machine. 6994:. 29 October 2012. 6953:Kennedy, David M. 6833:Molony et al. 2004 6808:Molony et al. 2004 6793:Molony et al. 2004 6781:Molony et al. 2004 6769:Molony et al. 2004 6744:Molony et al. 2004 6734:, pp. 175–176 6732:Molony et al. 2004 6720:Molony et al. 2004 6708:Molony et al. 2004 6696:Molony et al. 2004 6684:Molony et al. 2004 6645:Molony et al. 2004 6633:Molony et al. 2004 6335:Giorgio Apostolo. 6267:Molony et al. 2004 6255:Molony et al. 2004 6243:Molony et al. 2004 6165:Molony et al. 2004 6112:Molony et al. 2004 6075:Molony et al. 2004 6047:Molony et al. 2004 5889:Molony et al. 2004 5716:Molony et al. 2004 5627:Cloutier, p. 191. 5573:Sandro Attanasio. 5504:Molony et al. 2004 5480:Molony et al. 2004 5415:Molony et al. 2004 5400:Molony et al. 2004 5388:Molony et al. 2004 5376:Molony et al. 2004 5340:Molony et al. 2004 5171:Molony et al. 2004 5156:Molony et al. 2004 5144:Molony et al. 2004 5088:Molony et al. 2004 5076:Molony et al. 2004 5047:Molony et al. 2004 5032:Molony et al. 2004 5020:Molony et al. 2004 5008:Molony et al. 2004 4996:Molony et al. 2004 4981:Molony et al. 2004 4969:Molony et al. 2004 4957:Molony et al. 2004 4945:Molony et al. 2004 4921:Molony et al. 2004 4909:Molony et al. 2004 4829:Molony et al. 2004 4808:Molony et al. 2004 4741:on 26 January 2020 4382:Operation Chestnut 4370:Operation Ladbroke 4336:with committing a 4334:United States Army 4246:Lieutenant-Colonel 4242:Canicattì massacre 4194: 4165:On 18 August, the 4134:Operation Lehrgang 4130: 4074: 4064:Operation Lehrgang 4011: 3967:Ottorino Schreiber 3930: 3904:Reggio di Calabria 3815: 3805:in the village of 3745: 3724:, under Brigadier 3703: 3640:Semovente da 90/53 3614:Wiltshire Regiment 3570:Lieutenant Colonel 3518:aircraft sank the 3462: 3349: 3331:Operation Ladbroke 3249:Lascaris War Rooms 3245: 3243:Lascaris War Rooms 3170: 3065: 3017:Hans-Valentin Hube 2996: 2948: 2932:Sir Sholto Douglas 2885:, and the British 2772:Lieutenant-General 2735:, sailed from the 2691:Lieutenant-General 2672:Hugh Joseph Gaffey 2654:, sailed from the 2616: 2559:Lieutenant General 2507:Commander-in-Chief 2489:amphibious assault 2454:offensive at Kursk 1980:Invasion of Sicily 1595:Invasion of Sicily 940:French West Africa 781:South West Pacific 689:Denmark and Norway 388:Hans-Valentin Hube 291:Bernard Montgomery 18:Invasion of Sicily 11496:Conflicts in 1943 11468: 11467: 11450:Operation Barclay 11435: 11425: 11420:The Man Who Never 11404: 11394: 11373: 11363: 11336:Bernard Spilsbury 11271: 11270: 11229: 11228: 11072:Battle of Okinawa 10971:Burma (1944–1945) 10805:Mariana and Palau 10585:Tunisian campaign 10410:Fall of Singapore 10334:Fall of Hong Kong 10077:Battle of Britain 9930:Operation Himmler 9839: 9838: 9503:Dutch East Indies 9146:Southern Rhodesia 8898: 8897: 8798:Genocide of Serbs 8701:German war crimes 8678:Soviet war crimes 8671:Allied war crimes 8517:Division of Korea 8496:Chinese Civil War 8294:Strategic bombing 8206:Manhattan Project 7829: 7828: 7821: 7750:978-0-9929033-8-1 7712:978-1-7876-3293-6 7662:978-1-55365-539-8 7574:Butler, Sir James 7540:978-0-8117-3403-5 7504:978-0-8117-3382-3 7486:978-0-30436-654-5 7371:, New York City, 7358:978-1-84513-329-0 7273:978-88-97672-59-3 7214:978-0-8050-6289-2 7063:978-0-230-35928-4 6532:I Was With Patton 5718:, pp. 60, 64 4831:, pp. 26, 27 4798:D'Este Appendix A 4784:D'Este Appendix B 4388:Operation Fustian 4350:Operation Barclay 4321:summarily execute 4266:sexual harassment 4202:and 84 captured. 4141:Strait of Messina 3880:Scipione Africano 3848:Operation Fustian 3774:Brigadier General 3442:Seaborne landings 3370:, along with the 3335:Operation Fustian 3325:Airborne landings 3043:Albert Kesselring 2891:Lewis H. Brereton 2867:Sir Arthur Tedder 2864:Air Chief Marshal 2839:Royal Indian Navy 2831:Henry Kent Hewitt 2824:U.S. Eighth Fleet 2775:Andrew McNaughton 2745:Douglas Wimberley 2694:Sir Miles Dempsey 2676:Provisional Corps 2652:Troy H. Middleton 2587:Sir Arthur Tedder 2584:Air Chief Marshal 2518:second-in-command 2491:of Sicily by two 2363: 2362: 2355:Wallis and Futuna 2084: 2083: 1944: 1943: 1937:Italian Civil War 1675:Invasion of Italy 1547: 1546: 1012: 1011: 933:Strategic bombing 849:Mediterranean Sea 605: 604: 430:467,000 personnel 410:160,000 personnel 375:Albert Kesselring 349:Vittorio Ambrosio 330:Andrew Cunningham 139: 138: 16:(Redirected from 11598: 11433: 11423: 11402: 11392: 11371: 11361: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11275: 11274: 11264: 11257: 11250: 11247:World portal 11245: 11244: 11220: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11167: 11160: 11153: 11146: 11139: 11132: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11107:Prague offensive 11102: 11100:Battle of Berlin 11095: 11088: 11081: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11053: 11046: 11044:Vienna offensive 11039: 11032: 11025: 11023:Battle of Manila 11018: 10998: 10989: 10980: 10973: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10929: 10922: 10913: 10904: 10897: 10888: 10881: 10874: 10867: 10858: 10851: 10844: 10837: 10830: 10823: 10816: 10807: 10800: 10791: 10782: 10773: 10766: 10764:Korsun–Cherkassy 10759: 10748: 10726: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10666: 10659: 10652: 10645: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10606:Bombing of Gorky 10601: 10594: 10587: 10567: 10560: 10551: 10544: 10537: 10528: 10521: 10514: 10507: 10496: 10489: 10482: 10475: 10473:Battle of Midway 10468: 10461: 10459:Battle of Gazala 10454: 10447: 10440: 10433: 10426: 10419: 10412: 10392: 10385: 10378: 10371: 10369:Battle of Borneo 10364: 10362:Malayan campaign 10357: 10350: 10343: 10336: 10329: 10322: 10315: 10308: 10306:Bombing of Gorky 10301: 10299:Battle of Moscow 10294: 10287: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10243: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10208: 10199: 10192: 10185: 10178: 10171: 10151: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10079: 10072: 10065: 10063:Battle of France 10058: 10051: 10044: 10037: 10030: 10023: 10003: 9996: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9961: 9939: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9916:Munich Agreement 9911: 9904: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9872: 9865: 9850: 9849: 9832: 9825: 9816: 9809: 9802: 9801:Soviet prisoners 9795: 9788: 9781: 9772: 9765: 9756: 9749: 9742: 9741:German prisoners 9737: 9717: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9661: 9654: 9647: 9640: 9633: 9626: 9619: 9612: 9605: 9598: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9547: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9512: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9443: 9436: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9373: 9353: 9346: 9339: 9332: 9324: 9317: 9310: 9301: 9294: 9286: 9279: 9277:French Indochina 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9221: 9201: 9192: 9185: 9176: 9169: 9162: 9155: 9148: 9141: 9134: 9127: 9124:from August 1944 9115: 9108: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9066: 9059: 9047: 9040: 9033: 9026: 9019: 9007: 8999: 8992: 8985: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8945: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8909: 8908: 8889: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8861: 8850: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8816: 8807: 8800: 8793: 8784: 8777: 8770: 8768:Nanjing Massacre 8763: 8756: 8747: 8745:Nuremberg trials 8738: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8703: 8694: 8687: 8680: 8673: 8653: 8646: 8639: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8586: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8556: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8478: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8446: 8439: 8432: 8425: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8349:Asia and Pacific 8331: 8324: 8317: 8310: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8280: 8278:Mulberry harbour 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8215: 8208: 8201: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8136: 8129: 8120: 8113: 8098: 8097: 8086: 8079: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7984: 7983: 7974: 7824: 7817: 7813: 7810: 7804: 7772: 7771: 7764: 7754: 7735: 7716: 7697: 7696:. CMH Pub 72–26. 7665: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7626: 7608: 7590: 7568: 7552:Butler, J. R. M. 7543: 7525: 7507: 7489: 7471: 7449: 7431: 7413: 7395: 7389: 7381: 7361: 7343: 7325: 7316: 7295: 7276: 7258: 7235: 7217: 7197: 7184: 7165: 7158: 7152: 7145: 7139: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7107: 7101: 7094: 7088: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7032: 7026: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6973: 6967: 6964: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6940:Lowden, John L. 6938: 6932: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6910: 6907: 6896: 6889: 6880: 6873: 6867: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6849: 6844:Adams, Henry H. 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6590: 6584: 6579:Blackwell, Ian. 6577: 6571: 6564: 6558: 6552: 6535: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6513: 6512:Cloutier, p. 197 6510: 6504: 6501: 6495: 6494:Cloutier, p. 194 6492: 6486: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6460: 6459: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6427: 6421: 6407: 6401: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6367:. Archived from 6357: 6351: 6346: 6340: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6309: 6302: 6296: 6289: 6283: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6257:, pp. 91–92 6252: 6246: 6245:, pp. 87–89 6240: 6234: 6228: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6121: 6115: 6114:, pp. 86–87 6109: 6100: 6097: 6091: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5992: 5991:Cloutier, p. 193 5989: 5983: 5982: 5979:www.quirinale.it 5970: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5918: 5911: 5905: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5818: 5812: 5801: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5738: 5732: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5603: 5594: 5587: 5578: 5571: 5565: 5560: 5551: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5522: 5516: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5390:, pp. 79–80 5385: 5379: 5378:, pp. 81–82 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5266: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5215: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5078:, pp. 23–24 5073: 5067: 5061: 5050: 5044: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5022:, pp. 13–18 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4923:, pp. 41–42 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4893: 4887: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4737:. Archived from 4727: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4689: 4686: 4673: 4672: 4666: 4658: 4650: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4530: 4524: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4366:on 10 June 1943. 4276:officer in the 4156: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4115:Richard Heidrich 4024:Battle of Troina 3883:, equipped with 3837: 3827: 3710: 3669: 3659: 3648:Enrico Francisci 3633: 3602: 3525:and minesweeper 3471:U.S. Army Ranger 3456:Troops from the 3432: 3345:WACO CG4A glider 3255:Lascaris Battery 3050: 3008:XIV Panzer Corps 2973:Panzer Division 2966: 2952:Italian 6th Army 2899:Air Vice-Marshal 2702:Sir Oliver Leese 2605:Harold Macmillan 2562:George S. Patton 2445:on 3 September. 2435:Benito Mussolini 2417:Italian campaign 2374:Battle of Sicily 2122: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2088: 2087: 1983: 1981: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1761:Monte la Difensa 1586: 1584: 1583:Italian Campaign 1574: 1567: 1560: 1551: 1550: 1148:Cape Spartivento 1051: 1049: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1016: 1015: 999:French Indochina 642: 631: 624: 617: 608: 607: 583: 582: 559: 558: 529: 528: 505: 504: 498: 497: 468: 467: 445: 444: 405:Initial strength 386: 385: 373: 372: 360: 359: 347: 346: 328: 327: 315: 314: 304:George S. Patton 302: 301: 289: 288: 278:Harold Alexander 276: 275: 266: 262: 261: 239: 235: 233: 232: 224: 220: 218: 217: 203: 201: 200: 191: 190: 180: 178: 177: 168: 166: 165: 156: 154: 153: 116:Italian Campaign 77: 76: 69: 55:Italian campaign 45: 44: 21: 11606: 11605: 11601: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11471: 11470: 11469: 11464: 11438: 11407: 11376: 11345: 11307: 11302: 11272: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11239: 11237: 11225: 11216: 11209: 11202: 11195: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11163: 11158:Atomic bombings 11156: 11149: 11142: 11135: 11128: 11119: 11112: 11105: 11098: 11091: 11084: 11077: 11070: 11063: 11056: 11049: 11042: 11035: 11028: 11021: 11014: 11001: 10994: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10960: 10953: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10925: 10916: 10907: 10900: 10891: 10884: 10877: 10870: 10861: 10854: 10849:Eastern Romania 10847: 10842:Warsaw Uprising 10840: 10835:Tannenberg Line 10833: 10826: 10821:Western Ukraine 10819: 10810: 10803: 10794: 10785: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10751: 10742: 10729: 10722: 10713: 10706: 10699: 10692: 10685: 10678: 10671: 10662: 10655: 10648: 10639: 10632: 10625: 10618: 10613:Battle of Kursk 10611: 10604: 10597: 10590: 10583: 10570: 10563: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10531: 10524: 10517: 10510: 10501: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10450: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10424:St Nazaire Raid 10422: 10415: 10408: 10395: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10346: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10318: 10311: 10304: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10269: 10262: 10248: 10239: 10232: 10225: 10218: 10211: 10206:Anglo-Iraqi War 10204: 10197:Battle of Crete 10195: 10188: 10181: 10174: 10167: 10154: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10126:Eastern Romania 10124: 10117: 10110: 10103: 10096: 10089: 10082: 10075: 10068: 10061: 10054: 10047: 10040: 10033: 10026: 10019: 10006: 9999: 9992: 9985: 9978: 9971: 9964: 9957: 9944: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9891: 9884: 9877: 9868: 9861: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9812: 9805: 9800: 9791: 9784: 9777: 9768: 9761: 9752: 9745: 9740: 9733: 9720: 9713: 9704: 9697: 9692: 9687:Western Ukraine 9685: 9678: 9671: 9664: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9636: 9631:Northeast China 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9585: 9578: 9571: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9337:Slovak Republic 9335: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9308:Empire of Japan 9306: 9297: 9289: 9282: 9275: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9224: 9217: 9204: 9197: 9188: 9181: 9172: 9165: 9158: 9151: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9097: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9062: 9050: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9022: 9010: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8981: 8974: 8967: 8960: 8948: 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8894: 8885: 8878: 8871: 8864: 8853: 8838: 8831: 8824: 8820:Sexual violence 8819: 8812: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8780: 8773: 8766: 8759: 8752: 8743: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8690: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8656: 8649: 8642: 8635: 8626: 8619: 8612: 8605: 8598: 8589: 8580: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8550: 8543: 8538:Greek Civil War 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8494: 8481: 8474: 8465: 8458: 8451: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8412: 8405: 8398: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8363:South-East Asia 8361: 8354: 8347: 8334: 8327: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8248: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8222:Military awards 8220: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8188: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8125: 8116: 8109: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8047: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8016: 8011: 7972: 7877:Wayback Machine 7860:Wayback Machine 7825: 7814: 7808: 7805: 7786: 7777:This article's 7773: 7769: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7732: 7713: 7673: 7671:Further reading 7668: 7663: 7641: 7639: 7624: 7606: 7598:, Hoo: Grange, 7588: 7566: 7541: 7523: 7505: 7487: 7469: 7447: 7429: 7411: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7359: 7341: 7314: 7274: 7257:, CMH Pub 72-16 7255: 7233: 7215: 7174: 7169: 7168: 7159: 7155: 7146: 7142: 7134:Ezio Costanzo. 7133: 7129: 7122: 7108: 7104: 7095: 7091: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7048: 7044: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7003: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6961: 6952: 6948: 6939: 6935: 6926: 6922: 6917: 6913: 6908: 6899: 6890: 6883: 6874: 6870: 6866:Tomblin, p. 227 6865: 6861: 6856: 6852: 6843: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6818: 6814: 6806: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6754: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6730: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6706: 6702: 6694: 6690: 6682: 6678: 6670: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6561: 6553: 6538: 6529: 6525: 6521:Mitcham, p. 185 6520: 6516: 6511: 6507: 6503:Morison, p. 176 6502: 6498: 6493: 6489: 6485:Tomblin, p. 203 6484: 6480: 6472: 6463: 6457: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6424: 6408: 6404: 6388: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6371:on 18 June 2018 6359: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6343: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6303: 6299: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6253: 6249: 6241: 6237: 6229: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6122: 6118: 6110: 6103: 6098: 6094: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6057: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6023: 6019: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5956: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5926:Ian Blackwell. 5925: 5921: 5912: 5908: 5899: 5895: 5887: 5883: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5819: 5815: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5787: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5759: 5748: 5739: 5735: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5687: 5683: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5647: 5643: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5604: 5597: 5588: 5581: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5532:on 19 June 2018 5524: 5523: 5519: 5514: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5439: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5413: 5406: 5398: 5394: 5386: 5382: 5374: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5311: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5264: 5258: 5254: 5245: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5053: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4894: 4890: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4708: 4707: 4699: 4692: 4687: 4676: 4660: 4659: 4651: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4523:(heavy bombers) 4503: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4397: 4346: 4290:Piazza Armerina 4258:sexual assaults 4222: 4190:ammunition ship 4182: 4163: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4084:Comando Supremo 4066: 4060: 4058:Axis evacuation 4052:Gerard Bucknall 3985: 3979: 3965:(under General 3928:, 6 August 1943 3918:4.2-inch mortar 3844:Gerald Lathbury 3825:Hauptkampflinie 3730:Achille d'Havet 3680:Piazza Armerina 3646:(under General 3586: 3450: 3444: 3430: 3395:, commanded by 3389:Glider infantry 3337: 3327: 3322: 3320:Allied landings 3317: 3273: 3267: 3251: 3237: 3221:Pelagie Islands 3158: 3057: 3030:Generalleutnant 2984:Panzer division 2959:Alfredo Guzzoni 2940: 2912:9th Air Force's 2887:Royal Air Force 2826:, commanded by 2806:Matthew Ridgway 2790:airborne troops 2689:, commanded by 2640:Lucian Truscott 2522:15th Army Group 2485: 2479: 2474: 2378:Operation Husky 2366: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2085: 2080: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1945: 1940: 1934: 1727:Vatican bombing 1598: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1530:U-boat Campaign 1514: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1013: 1008: 895:Other campaigns 889:Southern France 798:Burma and India 793:South-East Asia 788:Franco-Thai War 643: 637: 635: 601: 577: 553: 547: 523: 499: 492: 479: 462: 439: 433: 416:14,000 vehicles 392: 380: 377:(C-in-C OB Sud) 367: 362:Alfredo Guzzoni 354: 341: 334: 322: 309: 296: 283: 270: 256: 255: 242: 230: 228: 215: 213: 198: 196: 195: 185: 184: 175: 173: 172: 163: 161: 160: 151: 149: 131: 110:Allied victory 101: 84: 70: 48:Operation Husky 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11604: 11594: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11446: 11444: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11436: 11426: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11405: 11395: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11364: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11320:William Martin 11315: 11313: 11309: 11308: 11301: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11278: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11258: 11251: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11177: 11174:South Sakhalin 11170: 11169: 11168: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11133: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11110: 11103: 11096: 11089: 11082: 11075: 11068: 11061: 11054: 11047: 11040: 11033: 11026: 11019: 11011: 11009: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10992: 10991: 10990: 10974: 10967: 10966: 10965: 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10923: 10914: 10905: 10898: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10868: 10859: 10852: 10845: 10838: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10808: 10801: 10792: 10783: 10774: 10767: 10760: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10711: 10697: 10690: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10653: 10646: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10602: 10599:Battle of Attu 10595: 10588: 10580: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10568: 10561: 10552: 10545: 10538: 10529: 10522: 10515: 10508: 10499: 10498: 10497: 10490: 10476: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10405: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10386: 10379: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10348:Battle of Guam 10344: 10337: 10330: 10323: 10316: 10309: 10302: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10271:Battle of Kiev 10267: 10260: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10230: 10223: 10216: 10209: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10186: 10179: 10172: 10164: 10162: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10143: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10101: 10094: 10087: 10080: 10073: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10045: 10038: 10031: 10024: 10016: 10014: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9983: 9976: 9969: 9962: 9954: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9933: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9889: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9858: 9856: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9833: 9826: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9810: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9782: 9775: 9774: 9773: 9770:United Kingdom 9766: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9738: 9730: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9711: 9710: 9709: 9702: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9669: 9662: 9655: 9648: 9641: 9634: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9583: 9569: 9562: 9555: 9548: 9541: 9534: 9527: 9520: 9513: 9506: 9499: 9492: 9485: 9478: 9471: 9464: 9456: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9437: 9430: 9423: 9416: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9318: 9311: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9266: 9259: 9252: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9222: 9214: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9174:British Empire 9167:United Kingdom 9163: 9156: 9149: 9142: 9135: 9128: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9095: 9088: 9081: 9074: 9067: 9060: 9048: 9041: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9008: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8983:Czechoslovakia 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8946: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8883: 8880:Rape of Manila 8876: 8869: 8862: 8851: 8836: 8829: 8817: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8801: 8787: 8786: 8785: 8778: 8771: 8757: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8741: 8740: 8739: 8732: 8718: 8711: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8688: 8681: 8666: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8651:United Nations 8647: 8640: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8596: 8587: 8578: 8571: 8564: 8557: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8520: 8513: 8510:Decolonization 8506: 8499: 8491: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8456: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8410: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8387: 8380: 8373: 8366: 8359: 8344: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8282: 8281: 8274: 8260: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8202: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8186: 8183:United Kingdom 8179: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8106: 8104: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8064: 8057: 8045: 8044: 8043: 8029: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8010: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7867: 7862: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7827: 7826: 7809:September 2018 7781:external links 7776: 7774: 7767: 7761: 7760:External links 7758: 7756: 7755: 7749: 7736: 7730: 7717: 7711: 7698: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7648: 7627: 7622: 7609: 7604: 7591: 7586: 7569: 7564: 7544: 7539: 7526: 7521: 7508: 7503: 7490: 7485: 7472: 7467: 7450: 7445: 7432: 7427: 7414: 7409: 7396: 7377: 7362: 7357: 7344: 7339: 7326: 7317: 7312: 7296: 7277: 7272: 7259: 7253: 7236: 7231: 7218: 7213: 7198: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7153: 7147:Gerald Astor. 7140: 7127: 7120: 7102: 7089: 7069: 7062: 7042: 7027: 7014: 6997: 6983: 6968: 6959: 6946: 6933: 6920: 6911: 6897: 6881: 6868: 6859: 6850: 6837: 6825: 6812: 6797: 6785: 6773: 6761: 6755:Molony, p. 112 6748: 6736: 6724: 6712: 6700: 6688: 6676: 6674:, p. 1022 6672:Alexander 1948 6661: 6657:Alexander 1948 6649: 6637: 6625: 6612: 6605: 6585: 6572: 6559: 6557:, p. 1021 6555:Alexander 1948 6536: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6496: 6487: 6478: 6476:, p. 1020 6474:Alexander 1948 6461: 6438: 6422: 6409:Pope, Dudley: 6402: 6389:Swords, Séan: 6382: 6352: 6341: 6328: 6319: 6310: 6297: 6284: 6271: 6259: 6247: 6235: 6233:, p. 1019 6231:Alexander 1948 6220: 6194: 6169: 6157: 6145: 6138: 6116: 6101: 6092: 6079: 6067: 6051: 6039: 6026:Carver, R.M.P. 6017: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5965: 5954: 5941: 5932: 5919: 5906: 5893: 5881: 5863: 5851: 5838: 5831: 5813: 5796: 5785: 5768: 5757: 5733: 5720: 5708: 5681: 5666: 5659: 5641: 5629: 5620: 5611: 5595: 5579: 5566: 5552: 5543: 5517: 5508: 5496: 5484: 5472: 5465: 5445: 5443:, p. 1018 5441:Alexander 1948 5428: 5419: 5404: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5329: 5317: 5315:, p. 341. 5302: 5290: 5281: 5252: 5230: 5199: 5197:, p. 427. 5187: 5175: 5160: 5148: 5136: 5134:, p. 1014 5132:Alexander 1948 5124: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5066:, p. 1013 5064:Alexander 1948 5051: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4935:, p. 1010 4933:Alexander 1948 4925: 4913: 4901: 4888: 4867: 4853: 4833: 4821: 4812: 4800: 4786: 4777: 4764: 4752: 4722: 4690: 4674: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4549: 4525: 4441: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4357: 4345: 4342: 4221: 4218: 4181: 4178: 4162: 4159: 4062:Main article: 4059: 4056: 3978: 3975: 3785:Harry L. Lewis 3726:Robert Laycock 3691:Adrian helmets 3616:, part of the 3585: 3582: 3577:No. 3 Commando 3443: 3440: 3360:James M. Gavin 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3269:Main article: 3266: 3263: 3247:Main article: 3236: 3233: 3157: 3154: 3056: 3053: 3010:headquarters ( 2975:Hermann Göring 2939: 2936: 2902:Sir Keith Park 2895:Air H.Q. Malta 2879:12th Air Force 2820:Bertram Ramsay 2737:United Kingdom 2720:, sailed from 2718:Sidney Kirkman 2680:Geoffrey Keyes 2533:Chief of Staff 2481:Main article: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2114: 2113: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2057: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2007: 2000: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1951: 1942: 1941: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1884: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1861:Monte Castello 1858: 1853: 1848: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1822:Trasimene Line 1819: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1756:Bernhardt Line 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1717: 1712: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1613: 1606: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1554: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1518:Allied convoys 1513: 1512: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1468: 1467: 1464:Cape Bougaroun 1461: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1426:Messina convoy 1423: 1415: 1410: 1403: 1398: 1390: 1382: 1371: 1370: 1364: 1356: 1350: 1342: 1337: 1329: 1320: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1289: 1282: 1274: 1266: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1228: 1220: 1215: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1188: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1151: 1145: 1137: 1131: 1124: 1116: 1110: 1102: 1097: 1091: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1067: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1042: 1041: 1034: 1027: 1019: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 964:Baltic Nations 955: 954: 953: 952: 942: 937: 936: 935: 925: 920: 915: 910: 909: 908: 892: 891: 886: 881: 880: 879: 874: 869: 861: 856: 851: 846: 845: 844: 839: 823: 822: 817: 816: 815: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 784: 783: 773: 760: 759: 758: 757: 747: 742: 741: 740: 730: 725: 724: 723: 713: 712: 711: 706: 701: 691: 686: 685: 684: 679: 674: 664: 659: 648: 645: 644: 634: 633: 626: 619: 611: 603: 602: 600: 599: 598: 597: 594: 593:13,500 wounded 591: 575: 574: 573: 570: 569:32,500 wounded 567: 550: 548: 546: 545: 544: 543: 540: 537: 521: 520: 519: 516: 513: 489: 486: 485: 481: 480: 478: 477: 476: 475: 460: 459: 458: 457:1,400 aircraft 455: 452: 436: 434: 432: 431: 421: 420: 417: 414: 411: 403: 400: 399: 395: 394: 391: 390: 378: 365: 352: 338: 336: 333: 332: 320: 307: 294: 281: 268: 252: 249: 248: 244: 243: 241: 240: 225: 209: 207: 170:United Kingdom 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 127: 126: 125: 124: 118: 107: 103: 102: 93: 91: 87: 86: 81: 73: 72: 62: 61: 50: 49: 43: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11603: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11491:1943 in Italy 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11441: 11432: 11431: 11427: 11422: 11421: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11401: 11400: 11396: 11391: 11390: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11321: 11317: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11299: 11294: 11292: 11287: 11285: 11280: 11279: 11276: 11263: 11259: 11256: 11252: 11249: 11248: 11243: 11236: 11235: 11232: 11219: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11194: 11189: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11181:Kuril Islands 11178: 11175: 11171: 11166: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11155: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11141: 11138: 11134: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11097: 11094: 11090: 11087: 11083: 11080: 11076: 11073: 11069: 11066: 11062: 11059: 11055: 11052: 11048: 11045: 11041: 11038: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11024: 11020: 11017: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11004: 10997: 10993: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10975: 10972: 10968: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10948:Syrmian Front 10945: 10942: 10938: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10915: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10894:Market Garden 10890: 10887: 10883: 10880: 10876: 10873: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10860: 10857: 10853: 10850: 10846: 10843: 10839: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10825: 10822: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10809: 10806: 10802: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10754: 10753:Monte Cassino 10750: 10747: 10746: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10725: 10721: 10716: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10695: 10691: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10677: 10674: 10670: 10665: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10654: 10651: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10577: 10573: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10553: 10550: 10546: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10530: 10527: 10523: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10477: 10474: 10470: 10467: 10463: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10391: 10387: 10384: 10380: 10377: 10373: 10370: 10366: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10352: 10349: 10345: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10331: 10328: 10324: 10321: 10317: 10314: 10310: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10293: 10289: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10275: 10272: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10256: 10251: 10247: 10242: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10224: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10210: 10207: 10203: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10157: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10119:Baltic states 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10078: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10032: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9988: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9963: 9960: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9947: 9938: 9934: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9899: 9894: 9890: 9887: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9871: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9842: 9831: 9827: 9824: 9820: 9815: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9803: 9799: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9776: 9771: 9767: 9764: 9763:United States 9760: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9716: 9712: 9707: 9703: 9700: 9699:Quốc dân Đảng 9696: 9695: 9691: 9688: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9663: 9660: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9642: 9639: 9635: 9632: 9628: 9625: 9621: 9618: 9614: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9593: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9570: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9556: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9514: 9511: 9507: 9504: 9500: 9497: 9493: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9472: 9469: 9465: 9462: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9403: 9400: 9399:Liechtenstein 9396: 9393: 9389: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9341: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9305: 9300: 9296: 9295: 9292: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9274: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9242: 9238: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9196: 9191: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9183:United States 9180: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9164: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9075: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9039: 9035: 9032: 9028: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8980: 8977: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8888: 8884: 8881: 8877: 8874: 8873:Comfort women 8870: 8867: 8863: 8860: 8857: / 8856: 8852: 8849: 8846: / 8845: 8842: / 8841: 8837: 8834: 8833:Camp brothels 8830: 8827: 8823: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8811: 8806: 8802: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8788: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8746: 8742: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722:The Holocaust 8719: 8716: 8712: 8709: 8708:forced labour 8705: 8704: 8702: 8698: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8648: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8634: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8579: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8561:Marshall Plan 8558: 8555: 8554: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8535: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8521: 8518: 8514: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8484: 8477: 8473: 8468: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8457: 8454: 8450: 8445: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8415: 8414:Eastern Front 8411: 8408: 8407:Western Front 8404: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8302: 8301:Puppet states 8298: 8295: 8291: 8288: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8243:Naval history 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8191: 8190:United States 8187: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8163: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8015: 8008: 8003: 8001: 7996: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7985: 7979: 7975: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7823: 7820: 7812: 7802: 7798: 7797:inappropriate 7794: 7790: 7784: 7782: 7775: 7766: 7765: 7752: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7723: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7664: 7658: 7654: 7649: 7637: 7633: 7628: 7625: 7623:0-8131-2338-0 7619: 7615: 7610: 7607: 7605:1-84013-363-5 7601: 7597: 7592: 7589: 7587:1-84574-069-6 7583: 7579: 7575: 7570: 7567: 7565:1-84574-068-8 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7527: 7524: 7522:1-85532-866-6 7518: 7514: 7509: 7506: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7488: 7482: 7478: 7473: 7470: 7468:0-11-630961-X 7464: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7448: 7446:0-8217-1596-8 7442: 7438: 7433: 7430: 7428:0-34083-362-9 7424: 7420: 7415: 7412: 7410:0-85045-573-1 7406: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7380: 7378:9780764553523 7374: 7370: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7342: 7340:88-87820-21-X 7336: 7332: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7315: 7313:0-330-48230-0 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7269: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7254:0-16-042081-4 7250: 7246: 7242: 7237: 7234: 7232:0-313-30913-2 7228: 7224: 7219: 7216: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7185:published in 7182: 7177: 7176: 7163: 7157: 7150: 7144: 7137: 7131: 7123: 7121:9780811734035 7117: 7113: 7106: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7065: 7059: 7055: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7018: 7009: 7008: 7001: 6993: 6987: 6979: 6972: 6963: 6956: 6950: 6943: 6937: 6930: 6924: 6915: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6894: 6888: 6886: 6878: 6872: 6863: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6835:, p. 179 6834: 6829: 6822: 6816: 6810:, p. 168 6809: 6804: 6802: 6795:, p. 181 6794: 6789: 6783:, p. 167 6782: 6777: 6771:, p. 180 6770: 6765: 6758: 6752: 6746:, p. 165 6745: 6740: 6733: 6728: 6722:, p. 175 6721: 6716: 6710:, p. 166 6709: 6704: 6698:, p. 164 6697: 6692: 6686:, p. 163 6685: 6680: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6658: 6653: 6647:, p. 177 6646: 6641: 6635:, p. 174 6634: 6629: 6622: 6616: 6608: 6606:9780811734035 6602: 6598: 6597: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6569: 6563: 6556: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6533: 6530:D. A. Lande. 6527: 6518: 6509: 6500: 6491: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6442: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6419:1-86176-067-1 6416: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6399:0-86341-043-X 6396: 6392: 6386: 6370: 6366: 6364: 6356: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6332: 6323: 6314: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6281: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6244: 6239: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6141: 6139:0-275-98698-5 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6108: 6106: 6096: 6089: 6083: 6076: 6071: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6013: 6006: 5997: 5988: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5945: 5936: 5929: 5923: 5916: 5910: 5903: 5897: 5890: 5885: 5877: 5876:www.bbc.co.uk 5873: 5867: 5861:, p. 183 5860: 5855: 5848: 5842: 5834: 5832:951-0-05844-0 5828: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5789: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5743: 5737: 5730: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5677: 5670: 5662: 5660:0-945274-17-3 5656: 5652: 5645: 5639:, p. 130 5638: 5633: 5624: 5615: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5559: 5557: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5515:Carver, p. 31 5512: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5468: 5466:9780252070396 5462: 5458: 5457: 5449: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5326: 5321: 5314: 5309: 5307: 5300:, p. 170 5299: 5294: 5285: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5242: 5241: 5234: 5219: 5212: 5211: 5203: 5196: 5191: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5167: 5165: 5157: 5152: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5072: 5065: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5033: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4990: 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4953: 4947:, p. 122 4946: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4892: 4885: 4884:0-912799-03-X 4881: 4877: 4871: 4856: 4854:9781598844573 4850: 4846: 4845: 4837: 4830: 4825: 4816: 4810:, p. 108 4809: 4804: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4781: 4774: 4768: 4762:, p. 172 4761: 4760:Atkinson 2007 4756: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4704: 4697: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4670: 4664: 4656: 4649: 4647: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4599: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4546: 4542: 4541:Official site 4540: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4439:Gaujac, p. 68 4436: 4432: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4274:Canadian Army 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4236:, another at 4235: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4191: 4188:A Royal Navy 4186: 4177: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4158: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4093:Pietro Barone 4088: 4086: 4085: 4079: 4070: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3895:four British 3894: 3890: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3859: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3820: 3819:Caltanissetta 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3770:friendly fire 3767: 3762: 3759:The 144 3757: 3755: 3751: 3750:Reuben Tucker 3742: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3492:, were late. 3491: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3439: 3436: 3428: 3427:Louis Withers 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408:Major General 3403: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3384:landing zones 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3312: 3310: 3309:Kursk salient 3306: 3305:Eastern Front 3302: 3298: 3295: 3290: 3289:Royal Marines 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3130:Santo Stefano 3125: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916:P-40 fighters 2913: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883:9th Air Force 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2730:Major-General 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2656:United States 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2610: 2609:Major General 2606: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2527: 2526:Major General 2523: 2519: 2516:acted as his 2515: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458:Eastern Front 2455: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428:Mediterranean 2425: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2398:Fascist Italy 2395: 2391: 2387: 2386:Allied forces 2384:in which the 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2337:North America 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2302:Colmar Pocket 2300: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Monte Cassino 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2193:Eastern Front 2191: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2169:Run for Tunis 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1786:Monte Cassino 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1732:Volturno Line 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1585: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523:Malta convoys 1521: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1218:Grand Harbour 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1089:Mers-el-Kébir 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 961: 960: 959: 951: 948: 947: 946: 943: 941: 938: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 907: 904: 903: 902: 899: 898: 897: 896: 890: 887: 885: 882: 878: 875: 873: 872:Syria–Lebanon 870: 868: 865: 864: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 832: 831: 830: 829: 828: 821: 818: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 782: 779: 778: 777: 776:Pacific Ocean 774: 772: 769: 768: 767: 766: 765: 756: 753: 752: 751: 748: 746: 745:Eastern Front 743: 739: 736: 735: 734: 731: 729: 726: 722: 719: 718: 717: 714: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 695: 694:Western Front 692: 690: 687: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 669: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 654: 653: 652: 646: 641: 638:Campaigns of 632: 627: 625: 620: 618: 613: 612: 609: 595: 592: 589: 588: 586: 581: 576: 571: 568: 565: 564: 562: 557: 552: 551: 549: 541: 539:6,471 wounded 538: 535: 534: 532: 531:United States 527: 522: 518:2,782 missing 517: 515:9,212 wounded 514: 511: 510: 508: 503: 496: 491: 490: 488: 487: 482: 473: 472: 471: 466: 461: 456: 453: 450: 449: 448: 443: 438: 437: 435: 429: 428: 427: 425: 424:Peak strength 418: 415: 412: 409: 408: 406: 402: 401: 396: 389: 384: 379: 376: 371: 366: 363: 358: 353: 350: 345: 340: 339: 337: 331: 326: 321: 318: 317:Arthur Tedder 313: 308: 305: 300: 295: 292: 287: 282: 279: 274: 269: 265: 260: 254: 253: 251: 250: 245: 238: 226: 223: 211: 210: 208: 206: 194: 189: 183: 171: 159: 158:United States 148: 147: 142: 134: 129: 128: 122: 119: 117: 114:Start of the 113: 112: 111: 108: 105: 104: 100: 96: 92: 89: 88: 82: 79: 78: 74: 68: 63: 60: 56: 51: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11454: 11428: 11418: 11397: 11387: 11366: 11356: 11326:Ewen Montagu 11255:Bibliography 11238: 11051:Project Hula 11016:Vistula–Oder 10985: 10918: 10909: 10893: 10863: 10812: 10796: 10787: 10778: 10744: 10641: 10619: 10556: 10532: 10502: 10253: 10146: 10091:North Africa 9793:Soviet Union 9747:Soviet Union 9673:Soviet Union 9441:Vatican City 9351:Vichy France 9256:German Reich 9153:Soviet Union 9139:South Africa 9132:Sierra Leone 9085:Newfoundland 8904:Participants 8887:Marocchinate 8591: 8582: 8552: 8430:North Africa 8391:Indian Ocean 8250:Nazi plunder 8141:Cryptography 8014:World War II 7815: 7806: 7791:by removing 7778: 7740: 7721: 7702: 7680: 7652: 7640:. Retrieved 7635: 7613: 7595: 7577: 7555: 7530: 7512: 7494: 7476: 7454: 7436: 7418: 7400: 7367: 7348: 7330: 7321: 7303: 7282: 7263: 7240: 7222: 7203: 7191: 7180: 7172:Bibliography 7161: 7156: 7148: 7143: 7135: 7130: 7111: 7105: 7097: 7092: 7077: 7072: 7056:. Springer. 7052: 7045: 7030: 7022: 7017: 7011:(in Italian) 7006: 7000: 6986: 6977: 6971: 6962: 6954: 6949: 6941: 6936: 6928: 6923: 6914: 6892: 6876: 6871: 6862: 6857:Molony, 182. 6853: 6845: 6840: 6828: 6820: 6815: 6788: 6776: 6764: 6756: 6751: 6739: 6727: 6715: 6703: 6691: 6679: 6652: 6640: 6628: 6620: 6615: 6595: 6588: 6580: 6575: 6567: 6562: 6531: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6499: 6490: 6481: 6458:(in Italian) 6446: 6441: 6435:(in Italian) 6430: 6425: 6410: 6405: 6390: 6385: 6373:. Retrieved 6369:the original 6362: 6355: 6344: 6336: 6331: 6322: 6313: 6305: 6300: 6292: 6287: 6279: 6274: 6269:, p. 93 6262: 6250: 6238: 6213:13 September 6211:. Retrieved 6206: 6197: 6187:13 September 6185:. Retrieved 6181: 6172: 6167:, p. 86 6160: 6155:, p. 29 6148: 6129: 6119: 6095: 6087: 6082: 6077:, p. 82 6070: 6062: 6054: 6049:, p. 94 6042: 6033: 6020: 6011: 6005: 5996: 5987: 5978: 5968: 5957: 5949: 5944: 5939:Pond, p. 117 5935: 5927: 5922: 5914: 5909: 5901: 5896: 5891:, p. 77 5884: 5875: 5866: 5859:Zuehlke 2010 5854: 5846: 5841: 5822: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5760: 5752: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5728: 5723: 5711: 5699:. Retrieved 5684: 5675: 5669: 5650: 5644: 5637:Follain 2005 5632: 5623: 5614: 5606: 5590: 5574: 5569: 5546: 5534:. Retrieved 5530:the original 5520: 5511: 5506:, p. 52 5499: 5494:, p. 24 5487: 5482:, p. 55 5475: 5455: 5448: 5422: 5417:, p. 81 5395: 5383: 5371: 5366:, p. 21 5359: 5354:, p. 12 5347: 5342:, p. 83 5325:Zabecki 1995 5320: 5313:Hinsley 1994 5298:Holland 2004 5293: 5284: 5272:. Retrieved 5268: 5255: 5244:, retrieved 5239: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5209: 5202: 5190: 5185:, p. 90 5183:Zuehlke 2010 5178: 5173:, p. 49 5158:, p. 33 5151: 5146:, p. 32 5139: 5127: 5115:. Retrieved 5105: 5095: 5090:, p. 24 5083: 5071: 5049:, p. 23 5034:, p. 21 5027: 5015: 5003: 4983:, p. 44 4976: 4971:, p. 41 4964: 4959:, p. 43 4952: 4940: 4928: 4916: 4911:, p. 40 4904: 4896: 4891: 4875: 4870: 4858:. Retrieved 4843: 4836: 4824: 4815: 4803: 4780: 4772: 4767: 4755: 4743:. Retrieved 4739:the original 4734: 4725: 4702: 4654: 4640:Shaw, p. 119 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4544: 4537: 4528: 4515:(fighters), 4511:(fighters), 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4444: 4435: 4309:Santo Pietro 4298: 4244:, in which 4223: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4173: 4166: 4164: 4138: 4131: 4111:Generalmajor 4109: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4048: 4032: 4012: 3986: 3970: 3962: 3959: 3943: 3931: 3886: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3830: 3816: 3799:Sherman tank 3789: 3761:Douglas C-47 3758: 3746: 3718: 3704: 3643: 3622: 3618:13th Brigade 3596: 3587: 3584:Exploitation 3558:Picchiatello 3557: 3552: 3545: 3539: 3528: 3522: 3520:landing ship 3516: 3512: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3411: 3404: 3400:Philip Hicks 3353:paratroopers 3350: 3297:Erwin Rommel 3293: 3281:Ewen Montagu 3274: 3252: 3235:Headquarters 3210: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3171: 3142:Cape Passero 3126: 3118: 3096:, including 3090: 3066: 3037: 3028: 3011: 2997: 2974: 2968: 2949: 2906: 2862:(MAC) under 2857: 2851: 2844: 2810: 2787: 2757: 2684: 2675: 2646:, while the 2624:Omar Bradley 2617: 2544: 2486: 2450:Adolf Hitler 2447: 2421: 2402:Nazi Germany 2382:World War II 2377: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2324: 2295: 2259: 2249:Saint-Marcel 2230: 2225:Mont Mouchet 2198: 2197: 2174: 2152: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1978: 1935: 1918: 1901: 1894: 1887: 1880: 1872: 1870: 1837: 1836: 1816:Chesterfield 1815: 1808: 1801: 1747: 1746: 1737:Barbara Line 1720: 1708: 1696: 1689: 1682: 1674: 1672: 1651: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1609: 1602: 1594: 1593: 1509:Ligurian Sea 1502: 1501: 1470: 1469: 1418: 1406: 1405: 1393: 1385: 1373: 1372: 1359: 1345: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1308: 1300: 1292: 1285: 1277: 1269: 1256: 1255: 1231: 1223: 1210: 1191: 1179: 1172: 1166:Convoy AN 14 1153: 1152: 1140: 1127: 1119: 1113:Cape Passero 1105: 1070: 1063: 1058: 957: 956: 945:Indian Ocean 906:Ecuador–Peru 894: 893: 863:Middle East 837:North Africa 825: 824: 764:Asia-Pacific 762: 761: 754: 649: 640:World War II 590:4,325 killed 584: 566:4,678 killed 560: 536:2,811 killed 530: 512:2,938 killed 506: 469: 446: 423: 422: 404: 144:Belligerents 109: 59:World War II 53:Part of the 40: 11341:David Scott 11312:Key figures 10986:Bodenplatte 10872:Gothic Line 10098:West Africa 9645:Philippines 9624:Netherlands 9489:Czech lands 9427:Switzerland 9371:Afghanistan 9322:Philippines 9190:Puerto Rico 9106:Philippines 9092:New Zealand 9078:Netherlands 9031:Free France 8782:Prosecution 8583:Osoaviakhim 8453:West Africa 8437:East Africa 8084:Conferences 7681:Sicily 1943 7241:Sicily 1943 7188:"No. 38205" 5845:Hugh Pond, 5492:Birtle 1993 5402:, p. 8 5107:Smithsonian 5010:, p. 3 4998:, p. 2 4497:, and HMAS 4494:Maryborough 4364:Pantelleria 3949:forced the 3858:Indomitable 3695:World War I 3676:Caltagirone 3609:Renault R35 3486:Tiger tanks 3380:pathfinders 3194:Pantelleria 3166:Pantelleria 2875:Carl Spaatz 2755:from Suez. 2733:Guy Simonds 2636:Terry Allen 2520:and as the 2466:the Balkans 2394:Axis powers 2119:Free French 1913:Argenta Gap 1839:Gothic Line 1749:Winter Line 1401:Pantelleria 928:Air Warfare 842:East Africa 542:686 missing 193:Free France 130:Territorial 11475:Categories 11086:West Hunan 10919:Pointblank 10255:Silver Fox 10241:Summer War 9994:Winter War 9973:Phoney War 9754:Azerbaijan 9715:Yugoslavia 9610:Luxembourg 9452:Resistance 9199:Yugoslavia 9064:Luxembourg 8866:Sook Ching 8662:War crimes 8264:Technology 8257:Opposition 8199:Lend-Lease 8176:Australian 8169:Home front 8127:Blitzkrieg 8077:Casualties 8068:Commanders 8040:Operations 7731:0882544403 7086:0199653712 6455:8879804316 5246:11 January 4500:Wollongong 4427:References 4240:, and the 4220:War crimes 4180:Casualties 3935:Mount Etna 3662:Acquedolci 3625:Royal Navy 3532:. Italian 3510:repulsed. 3424:Lieutenant 2850:HMIS 2843:HMIS 2751:, and the 2687:XIII Corps 2472:Background 2406:amphibious 2290:Strasbourg 2271:Marseilles 2164:Bir Hakeim 1925:Collecchio 1866:Garfagnana 1851:San Marino 1766:San Pietro 1442:Dodecanese 1394:Campobasso 1346:Portcullis 1251:Alexandria 1180:Abstention 1100:Cape Spada 969:Yugoslavia 950:Madagascar 913:Antarctica 884:Dodecanese 704:Resistance 672:Winter War 662:Phoney War 419:1,800 guns 11151:Manchuria 11037:Indochina 10813:Bagration 10264:Lithuania 9909:Anschluss 9706:Viet Minh 9603:Lithuania 9545:Hong Kong 9315:Manchukuo 9270:Azad Hind 8929:Australia 8729:Aftermath 8592:Paperclip 8487:Aftermath 8287:Total war 8155:Diplomacy 8118:In Europe 7793:excessive 7694:607176966 7292:827992837 6363:Cleopatra 6153:Hoyt 2007 5364:Hoyt 2007 5352:Hoyt 2007 5223:8 January 4711:cite book 4663:cite book 4476:Geraldton 4338:war crime 4286:gang rape 4250:Canicattì 4238:Agrigento 4199:U.S. Navy 4161:Aftermath 4020:Etna Line 3871:Cleopatra 3869:HMS 3856:HMS 3741:504th PIR 3636:Canicattì 3580:missing. 3551:USS 3538:USS 3527:USS 3504:USS 3497:USS 3397:Brigadier 3265:Deception 3225:Lampedusa 3198:HMS 3148:, around 3138:Scoglitti 3025:XII Corps 3021:XVI Corps 2969:Luftwaffe 2698:XXX Corps 2431:sea lanes 2413:operation 2331:Indochina 2121:campaigns 2076:Centuripe 2039:Narcissus 2011:Corkscrew 1997:Mincemeat 1742:Bari raid 1697:Slapstick 1690:Avalanche 1668:Centuripe 1638:Narcissus 1610:Mincemeat 1603:Corkscrew 1497:La Ciotat 1492:Port Cros 1482:Santorini 1317:Agreement 1263:2nd Sirte 1245:1st Sirte 1211:Substance 1186:Souda Bay 820:Australia 716:Alps 1940 709:1944–1945 454:260 tanks 413:600 tanks 205:Australia 11262:Category 11211:document 11121:document 10978:Ardennes 10962:Budapest 10910:Crossbow 10788:Overlord 10627:Smolensk 9845:Timeline 9680:Slovakia 9666:Thailand 9517:Ethiopia 9482:Bulgaria 9406:Portugal 9344:Thailand 9226:Bulgaria 9004:Eswatini 8997:Ethiopia 8950:Bulgaria 8775:Unit 731 8736:Response 8553:Keelhaul 8503:Cold War 8476:Americas 8467:timeline 8460:Atlantic 8340:Theaters 7873:Archived 7856:Archived 7642:5 August 7386:citation 7302:(2001), 6028:(1945). 5695:Archived 5274:22 March 4860:13 March 4464:Cessnock 4395:See also 4313:Sergeant 4226:Vittoria 3807:Belpasso 3529:Sentinel 3499:Shubrick 3422:, under 3315:Campaign 3285:a corpse 3259:Valletta 3179:Cagliari 3106:Syracuse 3081:Sardinia 3055:Planning 3006:and the 2978:and the 2620:II Corps 2437:, being 2410:airborne 2296:Nordwind 2283:Dompaire 2278:Lorraine 2231:Overlord 2153:Exporter 2046:Chestnut 2032:Ladbroke 2025:Invasion 1809:Strangle 1796:Cisterna 1652:Ladbroke 1631:Chestnut 1333:Stoneage 1309:Pedestal 1301:Vigorous 1270:Calendar 1232:Duisburg 1144: ¹ 1094:Calabria 1077:Club Run 989:Bulgaria 918:Atlantic 901:Americas 854:Adriatic 470:Germany: 398:Strength 121:Collapse 90:Location 11188:Shumshu 10955:Hungary 10902:Estonia 10886:Lapland 10864:Dragoon 10797:Neptune 10779:Ichi-Go 10745:Tempest 10687:Changde 10642:Cottage 10534:Jubilee 10250:Finland 10148:Compass 9854:Prelude 9807:Finland 9693:Vietnam 9659:Romania 9531:Germany 9510:Estonia 9496:Denmark 9475:Belgium 9468:Austria 9461:Albania 9392:Ireland 9378:Andorra 9362:Neutral 9329:Romania 9263:Hungary 9248:Finland 9120:Romania 9012:Finland 8990:Denmark 8936:Belgium 8922:Algeria 8628:Romania 8614:Hungary 8370:Pacific 8094:General 8048:Leaders 8033:Battles 8026:Outline 7978:YouTube 7787:Please 7779:use of 7576:(ed.), 7554:(ed.), 7164:. p. 44 6375:18 June 5805:Barnett 5777:Talamba 5536:19 June 5117:7 March 4491:, HMAS 4488:Lismore 4485:, HMAS 4482:Ipswich 4479:, HMAS 4473:, HMAS 4467:, HMAS 4326:Captain 4282:looting 4270:Captain 4230:podestà 4174:Cariddi 4152:⁄ 3908:Pellaro 3864:Dandolo 3811:Catania 3801:of the 3591:Pachino 3553:Barnett 3546:Talamba 3523:LST-313 3416:platoon 3357:Colonel 3301:R boats 3205:sorties 3114:Augusta 3102:Palermo 3098:Catania 3094:Messina 3067:At the 2956:General 2837:of the 2828:Admiral 2817:Admiral 2664:Algeria 2644:Tunisia 2598:Admiral 2591:General 2577:General 2537:Admiral 2511:General 2500:General 2439:toppled 2349:Oceania 2325:Crimson 2319:Réunion 2260:Dragoon 2254:Vercors 2215:Glières 2205:Corsica 2181:Tunisia 2053:Fustian 2018:Barclay 2004:Animals 1991:Prelude 1930:Trieste 1919:Herring 1908:Bologna 1888:Tombola 1856:Gemmano 1683:Baytown 1645:Fustian 1624:Animals 1617:Barclay 1380:Zuwarah 1367:Algiers 1360:Olterra 1293:Harpoon 1286:Albumen 1224:Halberd 1192:Matapan 1134:Otranto 1128:Taranto 994:Hungary 984:Romania 833:Africa 733:Balkans 728:Britain 682:Lapland 677:Karelia 667:Finland 585:Germany 237:Germany 132:changes 11434:(2015) 11424:(1953) 11403:(2021) 11393:(1956) 11372:(2019) 11362:(2015) 11165:Debate 11137:Taipei 11130:Borneo 10708:Tarawa 9902:Europe 9863:Africa 9652:Poland 9638:Norway 9617:Malaya 9596:Latvia 9538:Greece 9524:France 9420:Sweden 9385:Bhutan 9113:Poland 9099:Norway 9071:Mexico 9038:Greece 9024:France 8962:Canada 8943:Brazil 8913:Allies 8859:Serbia 8848:Poland 8621:Poland 8607:Baltic 8400:Europe 8102:Topics 8054:Allied 7747: 7728: 7709: 7692: 7659: 7620: 7602: 7584: 7562: 7537: 7519: 7501: 7483: 7465: 7443: 7425: 7407: 7375: 7355: 7337: 7310: 7290: 7270: 7251: 7229: 7211: 7118: 7084: 7060: 6603: 6453: 6417: 6397: 6306:Sicily 6136: 5847:Sicily 5829: 5746:Maddox 5742:Maddox 5701:30 May 5657: 5463: 4882: 4851: 4745:2 July 4470:Gawler 4458:Cairns 4451:– the 4213:et al. 4101:Oberst 4078:Hitler 3926:Adrano 3716:July. 3654:), as 3540:Maddox 3534:Stukas 3431:89 men 3229:Linosa 3183:Greece 3175:Naples 3110:Licata 3048:OB Süd 2982:. The 2954:under 2897:under 2845:Sutlej 2835:sloops 2739:, the 2696:, and 2666:. The 2626:. The 2496:armies 2493:Allied 2477:Allies 2390:Sicily 2266:Toulon 2187:Europe 2071:Troina 2060:Inland 1895:Bowler 1881:Encore 1846:Rimini 1827:Ancona 1802:Diadem 1781:Rapido 1776:Ortona 1715:Naples 1663:Troina 1447:Rhodes 1432:Bastia 1419:Scylla 1407:Sicily 1353:Skerki 1340:Toulon 1278:Bowery 1198:Tarigo 1160:Excess 1083:Espero 923:Arctic 755:Sicily 657:Poland 651:Europe 447:Italy: 234: 219: 202: 182:Canada 179: 167: 155: 106:Result 95:Sicily 11412:Books 11381:Films 11350:Stage 10941:Leyte 10771:Narva 10757:Anzio 10715:Makin 10673:Burma 10557:Torch 10526:Rzhev 10487:Kiska 9573:Korea 9559:Japan 9552:Italy 9434:Tibet 9413:Spain 9291:Italy 9052:Italy 9045:India 8969:China 8844:Japan 8444:Italy 8356:China 8308:Women 5749:' 5265:(PDF) 5214:(PDF) 4455:HMAS 4254:rapes 4234:Acate 3889:radar 3885:EC.3 3809:near 3566:Ju 88 3506:Boise 3412:Keren 3200:Orion 3150:Avola 2852:Jumna 2749:Malta 2726:Egypt 2505:, as 2462:Italy 2237:Paris 2199:Husky 2175:Torch 2159:Kufra 2147:Keren 2142:Gabon 2137:Dakar 1902:Roast 1791:Anzio 1721:Devon 1709:Achse 1452:Leros 1386:Cigno 1325:Torch 1204:Crete 1173:Genoa 1141:White 1106:Hurry 1071:Malta 1004:Japan 979:Italy 958:Coups 859:Malta 803:Japan 771:China 750:Italy 561:Italy 222:Italy 99:Italy 11007:1945 10735:1944 10576:1943 10504:Blue 10494:Attu 10401:1942 10160:1941 10012:1940 9950:1939 9879:Asia 9726:POWs 9566:Jews 9284:Iraq 9210:Axis 9160:Tuva 8976:Cuba 8061:Axis 7745:ISBN 7726:ISBN 7707:ISBN 7690:OCLC 7657:ISBN 7644:2015 7618:ISBN 7600:ISBN 7582:ISBN 7560:ISBN 7535:ISBN 7517:ISBN 7499:ISBN 7481:ISBN 7463:ISBN 7459:HMSO 7441:ISBN 7423:ISBN 7405:ISBN 7392:link 7373:ISBN 7353:ISBN 7335:ISBN 7308:ISBN 7288:OCLC 7268:ISBN 7249:ISBN 7227:ISBN 7209:ISBN 7116:ISBN 7082:ISBN 7058:ISBN 6601:ISBN 6451:ISBN 6415:ISBN 6395:ISBN 6377:2018 6215:2020 6189:2020 6134:ISBN 5827:ISBN 5703:2008 5655:ISBN 5538:2018 5461:ISBN 5276:2023 5248:2022 5225:2022 5119:2021 4880:ISBN 4862:2015 4849:ISBN 4747:2018 4717:link 4669:link 4081:the 4041:and 3953:and 3906:and 3897:Elco 3887:Gufo 3699:M 33 3333:and 3227:and 3146:Noto 3134:Gela 3122:DUKW 3112:and 2938:Axis 2907:The 2848:and 2722:Suez 2716:and 2708:and 2660:Oran 2658:via 2638:and 2630:and 2408:and 2400:and 2376:and 2368:The 2307:Alps 2244:Elba 2066:Gela 1832:Elba 1771:Moro 1658:Gela 1503:1945 1487:Symi 1471:1944 1413:Gela 1374:1943 1257:1942 1154:1941 1064:Vado 1059:1940 974:Iraq 877:Iran 867:Iraq 721:1944 699:1940 80:Date 7976:on 7795:or 4288:in 4232:of 3951:1st 3693:of 3575:'s 3362:'s 3257:in 3223:of 2724:in 2706:5th 2662:in 2628:1st 2220:Ist 1477:Ist 1457:Kos 1239:Bon 1120:MB8 57:of 11477:: 10755:/ 7688:. 7634:. 7461:, 7388:}} 7384:{{ 7247:, 7190:. 6900:^ 6884:^ 6800:^ 6664:^ 6539:^ 6464:^ 6223:^ 6205:. 6180:. 6128:. 6104:^ 6061:. 6032:. 5977:. 5874:. 5598:^ 5582:^ 5555:^ 5431:^ 5407:^ 5332:^ 5305:^ 5267:. 5163:^ 5110:. 5104:. 5054:^ 5039:^ 4988:^ 4886:). 4789:^ 4733:. 4713:}} 4709:{{ 4693:^ 4677:^ 4665:}} 4661:{{ 4645:^ 4597:^ 4560:. 4543:. 4536:. 4507:– 4461:, 3941:. 3891:, 3311:. 3108:, 3104:, 3100:, 3002:, 2881:, 2841:– 2762:, 2682:. 2607:, 2596:, 2589:, 2542:. 2419:. 1247:¹² 1096:¹² 1085:¹² 587:: 563:: 533:: 509:: 426:: 407:: 97:, 11322:" 11318:" 11297:e 11290:t 11283:v 10258:) 10252:( 9126:) 9122:( 9058:) 9054:( 9018:) 9014:( 8956:) 8952:( 8006:e 7999:t 7992:v 7822:) 7816:( 7811:) 7807:( 7803:. 7785:. 7753:. 7734:. 7715:. 7646:. 7394:) 7294:. 7124:. 7066:. 6759:. 6757:n 6379:. 6217:. 6191:. 6142:. 6036:. 5981:. 5878:. 5835:. 5705:. 5663:. 5540:. 5327:. 5278:. 5227:. 5121:. 4864:. 4749:. 4719:) 4671:) 4352:/ 4154:2 4150:1 4147:+ 4145:9 3701:. 3347:. 3215:( 2396:( 2110:e 2103:t 2096:v 1970:e 1963:t 1956:v 1573:e 1566:t 1559:v 1511:¹ 1466:¹ 1428:² 1422:² 1397:² 1389:² 1369:¹ 1363:¹ 1355:² 1349:¹ 1336:¹ 1312:¹ 1304:¹ 1296:¹ 1281:¹ 1273:¹ 1265:¹ 1241:² 1235:² 1227:¹ 1214:¹ 1206:² 1200:² 1168:¹ 1162:¹ 1150:¹ 1136:² 1123:¹ 1115:¹ 1109:¹ 1079:¹ 1038:e 1031:t 1024:v 630:e 623:t 616:v 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index