Italian campaign (World War II)

70: 79: 1109: 353: 315: 1181: 426: 1093: 484: 536: 1206: 1075: 673: 661: 649: 607: 1136: 440: 1286: 1245: 1232: 1045: 1034: 1008: 997: 982: 817: 798: 780: 768: 748: 727: 261: 1154: 1172: 1222: 1163: 913: 894: 876: 829: 1118: 521: 383: 368: 413: 578: 495: 1254: 1019: 856: 836: 455: 1102: 301: 398: 2847: 346: 3216: 3228: 3192: 561: 472: 3204: 3180: 3240: 2738: 9027: 3542:

wounded, and 46 captured; Canadian: 5,400 killed or missing, 19,490 wounded, and 1,000 captured; Pole: 2,460 killed or missing, 8,460 wounded, no information is provided for those captured; South African: 710 killed or missing, 2,670 wounded, and 160 captured; French: 8,600 killed or missing, 23,510 wounded, no information is provided on those captured; Brazilian: 510 killed or missing, 1,900 wounded, no information is provided on those captured; New Zealand: no information is provided for the campaign.

1084: 709: 697: 685: 635: 621: 1127: 273: 1145: 287: 59: 2614: 549: 848: 329: 923: 886: 868: 790: 760: 50: 3012: 2711:, more than half the width of the peninsula comprises crests and peaks over 900 metres (3,000 feet) that are relatively easy to defend; and the spurs and re-entrants to the spine confronted the Allies with a succession of ridges and rivers across their line of advance. The rivers were subject to sudden and unexpected flooding, which had the potential to thwart the Allied commanders' plans. 2454:, advocated their traditional naval-based peripheral strategy. Even with a large army, but greater naval power, the traditional British answer against a continental enemy was to fight as part of a coalition, blockading with their navy and mount small peripheral operations designed to gradually weaken the enemy. The United States, with the larger 2946:, which commenced on 25 August, the Gothic Line defences were penetrated on both the Fifth and Eighth Army fronts; but, there was no decisive breakthrough. Churchill, the British Prime Minister, had hoped that a major advance in late 1944 would open the way for the Allied armies to advance northeast through the "Ljubljana Gap" (the area between 2587:

defending German and Italian forces were unable to prevent the Allied capture of the island, but they succeeded in evacuating most of their troops to the mainland, with the last leaving on 17 August 1943. The Allied forces gained experience in opposed amphibious operations, coalition warfare, and large airborne drops.

3084:

The Allies' final offensive commenced with massive aerial and artillery bombardments on 9 April 1945. The Allies had 1,500,000 men and women deployed in Italy in April 1945. The Axis on 7 April had 599,404 troops of which 439,224 were Germans and 160,180 were Italians. By 18 April, Eighth Army forces

3560:

American: 119,279 casualties; Brazilian: 2,211 casualties; British: 89,436 casualties; British Colonial troops: 448 casualties; Canadian: 25,889 casualties; French: 27,625 casualties; Greeks: 452 casualties; Indian, 19,373 casualties; Italian: 4,729 casualties; New Zealand; 8,668 casualties; Polish:

3076:

and the adjacent Monte Belvedere and Castelnuovo, depriving them of artillery positions that had been commanding the approaches to Bologna since the narrowly failed Allied attempt to take the city in the autumn. Meanwhile, damage to other transport infrastructure forced Axis forces to use sea, canal

2494:'s desire to keep U.S. troops active in the European theatre during 1943 and his attraction to the idea of eliminating Italy from the war. It was hoped that an invasion might knock Italy out of the conflict, or at least increase the pressure on it and weaken it. The elimination of Italy would enable 3623:

Blaxland quotes 59,151 Allied deaths between 3 September 1943 and 2 May 1945 as recorded at AFHQ and gives the breakdown between 20 nationalities: United States 20,442; United Kingdom, 18,737; France, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Senegal and Belgium 5,241; Canada, 4,798; India, Pakistan, Nepal 4,078;

2829:

and the western seaboard. In a concurrent action, Clark was ordered to break out of the stagnant position at Anzio and cash in on the opportunity to cut off and destroy a large part of the German 10th Army retreating from the Gustav Line between them and the Canadians. But this opportunity was lost

3696:

personnel, 800 soldiers of the "Monterosa" Division, 470 soldiers of the "Italia" Division, 1,500 soldiers of the "San Marco" Division, 300 soldiers of the "Littorio" Division, 350 soldiers of the "Tagliamento" Alpini Regiment, 730 soldiers of the 3rd and 8th Bersaglieri regiments, 4,000 troops of

3570:

Between 1 September 1943 and 10 May 1944: 87,579 casualties. Between 11 May 1944 and 31 January 1945: 194,330 casualties. Between February and March 1945: 13,741 casualties. British estimates for 1–22 April 1945: 41,000 casualties. This total excludes Axis forces that surrendered at the end of the

3541:

Ellis provides the following information on Allied losses for the campaign, but includes no dates. American: 29,560 killed and missing, 82,180 wounded, 7,410 captured; British: 89,440 killed, wounded, or missing, no information is provided on those captured; Indian: 4,720 killed or missing, 17,310

2756:, whilst denying the Allies the easy capture of a succession of airfields, each one being ever closer to Germany. Hitler was also convinced that yielding southern Italy would provide the Allies with a springboard for an invasion of the Balkans, with its vital resources of oil, bauxite, and copper. 2577:

The original plan required a strong advance by the British northwards along the east coast to Messina. The Canadians took the central position, with the British on their right and the Americans on the left. The Canadian War Cemetery in Agira is testament to the sacrifice made driving the Germans

3597:

Overmans lists the total death toll of German troops in Italy (including Sicily) as 150,660. The US military estimated 91,000 German and Italian dead in the Italian campaign, thereof 5,000 in Sicily and 86,000 on the Italian mainland, and 364,189 captured prior to the surrender of Army Group C,

2586:

and then directly north to cut the northern coastal road. This was followed by an eastward advance north of Etna towards Messina, supported by a series of amphibious landings on the northern coast that propelled Patton's troops into Messina shortly before the first units of the Eighth Army. The

2486:, was friendly to the Axis nations, although not a participant in the war. The American staff believed that a full-scale invasion of France at the earliest possible time was required to end the war in Europe, and that no operations should be undertaken that might delay that effort. 2824:

It took four major offensives between January and May 1944 before the line was eventually broken by a combined assault of the Fifth and Eighth Armies (including British, American, French, Polish, and Canadian corps) concentrated along a 30-kilometre (20-mile) front between

3524:(5,002 soldiers, including 272 officers) were moved to northern Italy to support German military operations there. Responsibilities were limited to a passive role in the construction of fortifications and field positions. Approximately 600 soldiers deserted to the 2796:

was liberated with heavy casualties to Canadian troops, the blizzards, drifting snow and zero visibility at the end of December caused the advance to grind to a halt. The Allies' focus then turned to the western front, where an attack through the

2489:

Eventually the U.S. and British political leadership reached a compromise in which both would commit most of their forces to an invasion of France in early 1944, but also launch a relatively small-scale Italian campaign. A contributing factor was

3026:

The poor winter weather, which made armoured manoeuvre and the exploitation of overwhelming air superiority impossible, coupled with the massive losses suffered to its ranks during the autumn fighting, the need to transfer some British troops to

2397:

soldiers died in Italy. The number of Allied casualties was about 330,000 and the German figure (excluding those involved in the final surrender) was over 330,000. Fascist Italy, prior to its collapse, suffered about 200,000 casualties, mostly

3043:) made it impractical for the Allies to continue their offensive in early 1945. Instead, the Allies adopted a strategy of "offensive defence" while preparing for a final attack when better weather and ground conditions arrived in the spring. 2805:

during Operation Shingle, advocated by Churchill, were intended to destabilise the German Gustav line defences, but the early thrust inland to cut off the German defences did not occur because of disagreements that the American commander,

2370:, central Italy, including Rome, was liberated. Northern Italy was liberated following the final spring offensive and the general insurrection of Italian partisans on 25 April 1945. Mussolini was captured by the Italian resistance and 2813:, had with the battle plan, and his insistence that his forces were not large enough to accomplish their mission. Lucas entrenched his forces, during which time Kesselring assembled sufficient forces to form a ring around the 9153: 3281:

Approximately 14,000 Italian non-Jewish civilians, often women, children and elderly, have been documented to have died in over 5,300 individual instances of war crimes committed by Nazi Germany. The largest of those was the

3668:, and many individuals were therefore involved in such crimes (especially GNR and Black Brigades personnel), this influences negatively the casualty count, under a statistical point of view. The "RSI Historical Foundation" ( 3109:

By 25 April, the Italian Partisans' Committee of Liberation declared a general uprising, and on the same day, having crossed the Po on the right flank, forces of the Eighth Army advanced north-northeast towards Venice and

2970:. Churchill's proposal had been strongly opposed by the U.S. Chiefs of Staff, despite its importance to British postwar interests in the region, as they did not believe that it aligned with overall Allied war priorities. 2837:

The American forces took possession of Rome on 4 June 1944. The German 10th Army was allowed to get away and, in the next few weeks, may have been responsible for doubling the Allied casualties in the next few months.

3089:

and sent armour racing forward in an encircling move to meet the U.S. IV Corps advancing from the Apennines in Central Italy and to trap the remaining defenders of Bologna. On 21 April, Bologna was entered by the

3149:

to Brazilian soldiers of the FEB; the Brazilian soldiers captured about 15,000 German and RSI soldiers, the end of these battles marked the end of the conflicts in Italy and the end of the Italian fascist army.

2578:

from the rugged terrain. The Americans had the important role of pushing Axis forces out of mainland Sicily on left flank. When the Eighth Army were held up by stubborn defences in the rugged hills south of

2537:, all the main ports on the island. This would allow a rapid Allied build-up, as well as denying their use to the Axis. This was altered into a reduced number of landings but with more concentration of force. 2473:

The strategic disagreement was fierce, with the U.S. service chiefs arguing for an invasion of France as early as possible, while their British counterparts advocated a policy centred on operations in the

4340:

who were civilians before joining the partisans, whereas partisans who were formerly members of the Italian armed forces (more than half those killed) were considered as members of their armed force of

4201:

George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. Page

9123: 2125: 69: 2788:

The Winter Line proved a major obstacle to the Allies at the end of 1943, halting the Fifth Army's advance on the western side of Italy. Although the Gustav Line was penetrated on the Eighth Army's

5762: 3265: 3270:

Research in 2016 funded by the German government found the number of victims of Nazi war crimes in Italy to be 22,000. The victims were primarily Italian civilians, sometimes in retaliation for

3632:

32. In addition 35 soldiers were killed by enemy action while serving with pioneer units from Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Seychelles, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Cyprus and the West Indies

3676:

during and immediately after World War II (including the "revenge killings" that occurred at the end of the hostilities and in their immediate aftermath), including some 13,500 members of the

9118: 9113: 4239:. The Air Force Historical Foundation. Retrieved March 1, 2016. 4,468 operational losses are given from the brief period of September 1943 to October 1944 alone, but including the Balkans. 9128: 2676:

was strategically unimportant. However, this was not to be; although, for a while, the Eighth Army was able to make relatively easy progress up the eastern coast, capturing the port of

9108: 9093: 9088: 9078: 9073: 3153:

As April 1945 came to an end, the German Army Group C, retreating on all fronts and having lost most of its fighting strength, was left with little option but surrender. General

9103: 9098: 3389: 2118: 3004:

activity in Northern Italy took place. As there were two Italian governments during this period, (one on each side of the war), the struggle took on some characteristics of a

9148: 4285: 7598: 2533:

The initial plan was for landings in the south-east, south and north-west areas of the island which would lead to the rapid capture of key Axis airfields and except for

7343: 3610:"The surrender of nearly one million men from Army Group C, effective at noon on May 2, brought to an end the Mediterranean struggle that had begun five years earlier." 6951: 2111: 2502:, to dominate the Mediterranean Sea, securing the lines of communications with Egypt and thus Asia. Italian divisions on occupation and coastal defence duties in the 8949: 6967: 2346:(RSI), to administer the German-occupied territory. On 13 October 1943, the Allies recognized Italy as a co-belligerent in the war against Germany. Thereafter, the 2668:, which was almost unopposed. There had been a hope that, with the surrender of the Italian government, the Germans would withdraw to the north, since at the time 7287: 3000:

in the Mediterranean Theatre. Clark was succeeded in command of the Fifth Army by now-Lieutenant General Truscott. In the winter and spring of 1944–45, extensive

9083: 6890: 6862: 6006: 8928: 7607: 7294: 6428: 3710: 3664:

excludes from its lists of the fallen the individuals who committed war crimes. In the context of the RSI, where numerous war crimes were committed during the

2204: 4966:. United States Army in World War II, Mediterranean Theater of Operations. Vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Army. 3887: 7910: 7273: 6582: 6207: 2292: 2135: 1520: 32: 6923: 6869: 6055: 5723: 9138: 7380: 6876: 6492: 2888:. The sudden removal of these experienced units from the Italian front was only partially compensated for by the gradual arrival of three divisions, the 2229: 5902: 3551:

United States: 114,000 casualties; British Commonwealth: 198,000 casualties Total Allied casualties: 59,151 killed, 30,849 missing and 230,000 wounded.

3384: 1322: 5706: 9133: 7266: 6713: 6589: 3394: 2752:, that the defence of Italy should be conducted as far away from Germany as possible. This would make the most of the natural defensive geography of 2169: 6566: 5946: 4798: 7003: 6315: 2759:

Kesselring was given command of the whole of Italy and immediately ordered the preparation of a series of defensive lines across Italy, south of

6822: 6124: 4141: 8821: 2830:

on the brink of success, when Clark disobeyed his orders and sent his U.S. forces to enter the vacant Rome instead. Rome had been declared an

1692: 9158: 7614: 7577: 7554: 7075: 5997: 5967: 5518: 5487: 3644: 3349: 2986: 1108: 640: 352: 7329: 2633:. Although the German forces prepared to defend without Italian assistance, only two of their divisions opposite the Eighth Army and one at 7707: 7563: 7547: 7519: 6767: 5974: 4275:

Le Operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria (Luglio-Settembre 1943), Alberto Santoni, p.401, Stato maggiore dell'Esercito, Ufficio storico, 1989

78: 5717: 8464: 7531: 7443: 7387: 7350: 6632: 5135: 1730: 3157:, who had taken command of Army Group C after Albert Kesselring had been transferred to become Commander-in-Chief of the Western Front ( 2981:

as the commander of the Eighth Army. In December, Lieutenant General Mark Clark, the Fifth Army commander, was appointed to command the

7436: 6168: 1474: 1402: 4884: 4850: 8942: 7570: 5960: 5918: 4658: 9068: 8791: 6610: 6384: 6147: 6013: 5824: 2877: 2688:, it nevertheless came close to repelling the Salerno landing. The main Allied effort in the west initially centred on the port of 1513: 1486: 2629:

with the Allies. The armistice was publicly announced on 8 September by two broadcasts, first by General Eisenhower and then by a

2402:

taken in the invasion of Sicily, including more than 40,000 killed or missing. Over 150,000 Italian civilians died, as did 35,828

7686: 7483: 6520: 6020: 5932: 5868: 4719: 1616: 4296: 3783: 7889: 7401: 6251: 5789: 5213: 3095: 3091: 3061: 3032: 2893: 2771:, were used to delay the Allied advance so as to buy time to prepare the most formidable defensive positions, which formed the 1315: 8485: 8390: 7917: 7663: 7538: 6624: 6598: 6455: 6161: 6078: 5549: 5458: 5413: 5277: 5255: 5203: 5184: 5143: 5109: 5090: 5071: 5005: 4930: 4387: 3521: 3307: 1626: 1469: 430: 4746: 2907:

and closing up on the Gothic Line. This last major defensive line ran from the coast some 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of

8718: 8125: 8011: 7176: 6643: 6639: 6617: 6221: 2447: 2159: 1535: 1506: 5508: 5477: 5317:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3 September 1943 to 31 March 1944

4064: 8633: 8097: 7429: 7415: 6628: 5687: 3599: 2495: 2315: 1672: 541: 187: 2880:(CEF), which together amounted to seven divisions, were pulled out of Italy during the summer of 1944 to participate in 2777:– the collective name for the Gustav Line and two associated defensive lines on the west of the Apennine Mountains, the 8842: 8711: 8589: 8167: 7882: 7833: 7591: 7146: 6398: 6237: 6085: 5939: 3846: 3685: 2553: 2179: 1633: 3598:

thereof 7,100 in Sicily and 357,086 on the Italian mainland Including 10 killed, 15 wounded and 800 defected from the

2801:

valley was considered to have the best chance of a breakthrough towards the Italian capital. Landings behind the line

8958: 7840: 7812: 7629: 7211: 6930: 6897: 5439: 5352:

LINEA GOTICA 1944. La battaglia di Rimini e lo sbarco in Grecia decisivi per l'Europa sud-orientale e il Mediterraneo

5229: 5162: 5027: 4949: 4189: 4006: 3871: 3287: 3146: 2149: 1964: 1547: 1308: 6113: 3165:

on behalf of the German and RSI forces in Italy on 29 April, formally bringing hostilities to an end on 2 May 1945.

2657: 2284: 9143: 8995: 8153: 8090: 7225: 7061: 6184: 3899: 3364: 1344: 36: 6738: 1682: 8519: 8360: 8349: 8185: 7944: 7903: 7796: 7734: 7121: 6391: 6260: 5740: 5611:

Original stories from the front lines of the Italian campaign by US Army Liaison Officer Major Ralph R. Hotchkiss

5322: 3698: 2184: 1723: 1657: 1594: 1426: 6908: 6476: 5701: 1677: 8905: 8877: 8755: 8548: 7785: 7236: 7162: 6958: 6329: 6048: 5953: 5838: 5299: 5049: 4362: 3677: 3641: 2990: 2863: 2621:

Forces of the British Eighth Army, still under Montgomery, landed in the 'toe' of Italy on 3 September 1943 in

2379: 2028: 1606: 2559:, the 1st Canadian Infantry Division and the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade under the command of Major-General 8965: 8898: 8849: 8780: 8605: 8111: 8062: 7826: 7819: 7422: 7183: 6974: 6027: 5224:. History of the Second World War. United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. 3801: 3689: 3624:

Poland 2,028; New Zealand 1,688; Italy (excluding irregulars) 917; South Africa 800; Brazil 275; Greece 115;

3103: 3057: 3015: 2889: 2807: 2411: 2209: 2174: 1570: 1552: 445: 208: 191: 5620: 3215: 9039: 8935: 8310: 8271: 7190: 7025: 7010: 6937: 6916: 6734: 6412: 6198: 6191: 6175: 5886: 5845: 5817: 5015: 3529: 3295: 3227: 3191: 2564: 2507: 2463: 2323: 1638: 1438: 1387: 5649: 5539: 4623:

Moraes, "The Brazilian Expeditionary Force By Its Commander" Chapter V (The IV Corps Offensive); Sections

1667: 9002: 8326: 8278: 7896: 7868: 7721: 7336: 7315: 6836: 6499: 6405: 5895: 5310: 5217: 3895: 3647:

after the war used a figure of 312,000 but later historians generally arrive at a slightly higher figure.

3374: 3359: 3354: 3339: 3271: 3119: 2459: 2431: 2347: 2335: 2164: 1922: 1621: 1599: 1542: 488: 107: 5628: 5594:"NS-Täter in Italy. The Massacres in Occupied Italy (1943-1945): Integrating the Perpetrators' Memories" 2506:

and France would be withdrawn to defend Italy, while the Germans would have to transfer troops from the

2330:

on 8 September 1943. However, German forces soon invaded northern and central Italy, committing several

8800: 8296: 8215: 8160: 8048: 8004: 7654: 7280: 7204: 7106: 6983: 6855: 6848: 6808: 6781: 6513: 6446: 6041: 5852: 5782: 4497: 3492: 3203: 3179: 2707:

form a spine along the Italian peninsula offset somewhat to the east. In the most mountainous areas of

2549: 2387: 2199: 2189: 1917: 1716: 1565: 1431: 1409: 1135: 388: 4402: 3239: 1662: 8702: 8619: 8404: 8264: 8236: 8069: 7974: 7764: 7197: 6271: 5925: 3764: 3528:, due in part to the effects of the propaganda campaign "Operation Sauerkraut" of the United States' 2528: 2371: 2296: 2288: 2241: 2214: 2069: 1752: 1448: 1414: 143: 126: 6469: 2817:. After a month of hard fighting against German and RSI forces, Lucas was replaced by Major General 8441: 8418: 7670: 7471: 7464: 7128: 6788: 6760: 6753: 6140: 3784:"Canada - Italy 1943-1945 - The Second World War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada" 3737: 3701:(excluding the above-mentioned Divisions and Alpini and Bersaglieri Regiments), 300 members of the 3261: 3154: 3073: 3069: 3053: 2997: 2873: 2649: 2596: 2568: 2393:

It is estimated that between September 1943 and April 1945, 60,000–70,000 Allied and 38,805–50,660

2355: 2331: 2300: 2017: 1830: 1464: 753: 306: 202: 6485: 6462: 2696:

flying from Sicily. In the city itself, anti-Fascist Forces began an uprising, later known as the

8863: 8807: 8677: 8537: 8222: 7875: 7771: 7677: 7245: 7113: 7083: 7047: 7032: 6904: 6796: 6774: 6720: 6706: 6688: 6352: 6133: 5861: 5810: 4873:

The Greatest War: Americans in Combat, 1941–1945, Gerald Astor, p. 333, Presidio, 1 December 1999

4799:"New Study: Number of Casualties in Nazi Massacres in Italy Nearly Double as Previously Believed" 3479: 3439: 3369: 3312:

Allied war crimes during the conflict were reported, including killing of civilians (such as the

2728: 2343: 2002: 1942: 1501: 1360: 1253: 1144: 1018: 855: 835: 566: 334: 229: 120: 3098:(from the Fifth Army). The U.S. 10th Mountain Division, which had bypassed Bologna, reached the 1382: 8555: 8448: 8250: 8201: 8104: 7997: 7967: 7750: 7638: 7364: 7155: 6746: 6727: 6697: 6244: 6214: 5172: 5123: 4375: 3588:

and foreign volunteers) lost 59,940 killed, 163,600 wounded, and 357,090 captured within Italy.

3485: 2897: 2626: 2600: 2467: 2327: 2272: 2154: 1971: 1937: 1883: 1859: 1611: 1530: 772: 252: 180: 5754: 5746: 5669: 5665: 5315: 4125: 3674:

a list that lists the names of some 35,000 RSI military personnel killed in action or executed

2692:: that city was selected because it was the northernmost port that could receive air cover by 9046: 8769: 8612: 8508: 8478: 8434: 8174: 8139: 8132: 8055: 7953: 7394: 7371: 7218: 6829: 6366: 6106: 6092: 5775: 5674: 5330: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3461: 3435: 3114:. On the front of the U.S. Fifth Army, divisions drove north toward Austria and northwest to 2993: 2924: 2685: 2630: 2491: 1815: 1687: 1162: 626: 403: 6664: 5707:

Canadian Newspapers and the Second World War – The Sicilian and Italian Campaigns, 1943–1945

3313: 8870: 8725: 8376: 8333: 8303: 8229: 8039: 8018: 6944: 6421: 6099: 5405: 4892: 3449: 3344: 3162: 3142: 2869: 2746: 2745:

In early October 1943, Hitler was persuaded by his Army Group Commander in Southern Italy,

2383: 2334:

against Italian civilians and army units who opposed the German occupation and started the

2304: 2081: 2022: 2007: 1643: 1261: 612: 499: 417: 225: 147: 4825: 2544:, Operation Husky, began on 9 July 1943 with both amphibious and airborne landings at the 8: 8988: 8762: 8640: 8596: 8118: 7252: 7018: 6545: 6375: 6359: 6308: 3673: 3629: 3580:

Ellis states that from various sources, between September 1939 and 31 December 1944, the

3496: 3473: 3467: 3423: 3283: 3040: 2846: 2724: 2697: 2665: 2608: 2224: 1927: 1871: 1852: 1845: 1825: 1794: 1766: 1759: 1697: 1577: 320: 4864:

La Guerra in Sicilia 1943: Storia Fotografica, Ezio Costanzo, p. 130, Le Nove Muse, 2009

4184:

Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000.

3665: 2103: 8981: 8814: 8739: 8693: 8663: 8571: 8411: 8076: 7960: 7854: 7805: 7743: 7499: 7450: 7259: 6883: 6538: 6336: 5287: 5119: 4568: 4337: 4135: 4034: 3455: 3443: 3291: 2704: 2642: 2617:

Artillery being landed during the invasion of mainland Italy at Salerno, September 1943

2571: 2455: 1952: 1808: 1787: 1350: 821: 713: 94: 2700:, holding out despite continuous German reprisals until the arrival of Allied forces. 2430:. Casualties among infantry in Italy were proportionally higher than they were on the 116: 8972: 8856: 8746: 8686: 8647: 8580: 8562: 8528: 8471: 8425: 8369: 8194: 7932: 7924: 7861: 7714: 7308: 6840: 6301: 6280: 5990: 5714:: A website on the Po river breakout and the liberation of the small town of Cornuda. 5680:

Dal Volturno a Cassino, website (in Italian) covering the autumn /winter of 1943 – 44

5545: 5454: 5435: 5428: 5409: 5338: 5295: 5273: 5251: 5225: 5199: 5180: 5158: 5139: 5105: 5086: 5067: 5045: 5037: 5023: 5001: 4984: 4967: 4945: 4926: 4783:

The surrender includes the Fascist forces of the Italian Social Republic, as Marshal

4562: 4383: 4358: 4329: 4185: 4002: 3867: 3842: 3525: 3379: 3001: 2928: 2881: 2749: 2737: 2622: 2475: 2451: 2382:. Both sides committed war crimes during the conflict, and the independent states of 2363: 2359: 2351: 2234: 2093: 2074: 2064: 2043: 2012: 1838: 1801: 1780: 1773: 1582: 1421: 1397: 1180: 880: 737: 732: 2656:, expecting little resistance, landed against heavy German resistance at Salerno in 2418:

forces of both sides, during bitter small-scale fighting around strongpoints at the

2378:

surrendered unconditionally to the Allies on 2 May 1945, one week before the formal

2338:. Mussolini, who was rescued by German paratroopers, established a collaborationist 847: 8891: 8884: 8828: 8492: 8257: 8243: 8146: 8083: 8034: 7847: 7700: 7647: 7457: 7408: 7322: 6552: 6529: 6062: 5679: 5423: 5379:

ITINERARI DELLA LINEA GOTICA 1944. Guida storico iconografica ai campi di battaglia

5059: 4959: 4784: 4068: 3321: 3078: 3072:

on their right. They pushed the German defenders from the commanding high point of

3048: 3036: 2974: 2936: 2793: 2556: 2483: 2280: 2086: 2050: 2036: 1988: 1983: 1957: 1932: 1898: 1820: 1392: 1370: 1153: 861: 841: 784: 701: 677: 459: 160: 6071: 5244: 5222:

The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Part III – November 1944 to May 1945

922: 885: 867: 789: 759: 8914: 8626: 8541: 8499: 8397: 8340: 8208: 7990: 7981: 7510: 7092: 7068: 6322: 5691: 5653: 5632: 5399: 5395: 5102:

The World War II Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for all the combatants

3832: 3123: 3028: 2982: 2885: 2818: 2802: 2732: 2638: 2604: 2423: 2399: 2367: 2268: 2194: 2057: 1947: 1876: 1864: 1560: 1481: 902: 898: 806: 665: 9026: 5522: 5491: 4236: 2903:

In the period from June to August 1944, the Allies advanced beyond Rome, taking

8921: 8457: 8383: 6435: 6294: 5512: 5481: 5132:

The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts

3681: 3625: 2967: 2778: 2720: 2673: 1978: 1912: 1496: 1491: 1083: 708: 696: 684: 634: 620: 278: 9154:

Campaigns, operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom

5684: 4157:, Alberto Santoni, p. 401, Stato maggiore dell'Esercito, Ufficio storico, 1989 3294:

saw 335 randomly selected people executed, among them 75 Italian Jews. In the

9062: 8732: 6657: 6506: 6345: 5589: 4918: 4354: 3838: 2826: 2810: 2764: 2753: 2703:

As the Allies advanced, they encountered increasingly difficult terrain: the

2693: 2653: 2479: 1888: 1221: 1205: 1074: 912: 893: 875: 828: 802: 672: 660: 653: 648: 606: 583: 266: 5698:, artillery-delivered or rocket-fired propaganda leaflets. Italian campaign. 5544:(MA, Wilfrid Laurier University, 1984). Ottawa: National Library of Canada. 1300: 9031: 8835: 7135: 7040: 6671: 6034: 5798: 5711: 3326: 3275: 3135: 2978: 2916: 2768: 2669: 2613: 2511: 2407: 2394: 2375: 2354:

fought alongside the Allies against German troops and the collaborationist

2339: 2260: 1893: 1333: 1285: 1244: 1231: 1044: 1033: 1007: 996: 981: 917: 816: 797: 779: 767: 747: 726: 689: 526: 168: 5198:. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing/The Rosen Publishing Group. 2684:. Despite none of the northern reserves having been made available to the 2582:, Patton amplified the American role with a wide advance northwest toward 58: 8670: 8656: 8318: 6994: 6815: 6800: 6154: 5265: 5239: 5083:

World War II in the Mediterranean (1942–1945 Major Battles and Campaigns)

4971: 4851:

Le altre stragi: Le stragi alleate e tedesche nella Sicilia del 1943-1944

4350: 3266:

List of Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS divisions involved in war crimes in Italy

3086: 2859: 2782: 2773: 2560: 2510:

to defend Italy and the entire southern coast of France, thus aiding the

2435: 2427: 2419: 2403: 2308: 2276: 1995: 1905: 1457: 1375: 1126: 1101: 510: 357: 292: 5659:

with histories, biographies, photos, and videos on the Italian campaign.

5593: 3999:

The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory

2414:, Italy was the most costly campaign in terms of casualties suffered by 2410:

partisans and some 35,000 troops of the Italian Social Republic. On the

8025: 7778: 7757: 6650: 5983: 5911: 5342: 4988: 3317: 3099: 2989:

as commander of all Allied ground troops in Italy; Alexander succeeded

2579: 2499: 2291:(AFHQ) was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the 1365: 1355: 1171: 164: 4605: 2466:. The ability to launch such a campaign depended on first winning the 361:(until 1944, combat continued on the Franco-Italian border until 1945) 8288: 7693: 7490: 7301: 7099: 7054: 5734:

Collection of signs, stories and memories during the Gothic Line age.

3585: 3581: 3065: 3019: 3005: 2851: 2831: 2814: 2319: 477: 198: 6575: 5309:

Molony, C. J. C.; Flynn, F.C.; Davies, H. L.; Gleave, T. P. (1973).

2785:

lines (the latter had been renamed the Senger Line by 23 May 1944).

6559: 6287: 5731: 5451:

US Armored Units in the North African and Italian Campaigns 1942-45

4237:"Luftwaffe Aircraft Losses By Theater, September 1943-October 1944" 4126:

Ufficio storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito (USSME) (1993).

2963: 2955: 2904: 2789: 2741:

The situation south of Rome showing German prepared defensive lines

2415: 1708: 553: 548: 9124:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States

5635:

Media, photos and information on Canadians in the Italian theatre.

3809: 2458:, favoured a more direct method of fighting the main force of the 5695: 5615: 5128:

Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten

4803: 3158: 3111: 2959: 2912: 2911:, along the jagged Apennine Mountains chain between Florence and 2850:

British infantry moving cautiously through the ruined streets of

2708: 2661: 2634: 2583: 2534: 2503: 98: 49: 5138:(in German). Vol. VIII. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 4747:"Sacca di Fornovo: quando i tedeschi furono costretti alla resa" 7169: 5767: 5607: 3419: 3390:

List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II

3134:

by the Brazilian division on their right took the Italo-German

3094:, the Italian Friuli Group (both from the Eighth Army) and the 2951: 2947: 2932: 2920: 2689: 2681: 2541: 1117: 373: 4155:

Le Operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria (Luglio-Settembre 1943)

9119:

Battles and operations of World War II involving South Africa

7357: 5625: 3693: 3520:

In May 1944, eleven out of the total twelve battalion strong

3131: 3127: 3115: 3011: 111: 102: 9114:

Battles and operations of World War II involving New Zealand

5573: 4923:

The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945

4444: 4442: 5646: 5638: 4687: 4663: 4247: 4245: 3106:, on the Eighth Army front, reached the river on 23 April. 2908: 2798: 2760: 2677: 2545: 9129:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Australia

5020:

The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943–1945

3968: 3966: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3919: 3917: 3174:

Progress of the war in Italy and the other European fronts

151:(1 year, 9 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) 5743:

Collection of stories and memories from Italian partisan.

5401:

War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks

5122:; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard; 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4439: 4088: 4086: 2133: 557: 235:

Collapse of Fascist Italy and the Italian Social Republic

5588: 4889:

George Duncan's Massacres and Atrocities of World War II

4242: 9109:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Poland

9094:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece

9089:

Battles and operations of World War II involving France

9079:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Canada

9074:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Brazil

5720:

Royal Engineers and Second World War (Italian Campaign)

5509:"Chapter 14: General Clark's Decision to Drive to Rome" 5478:"Chapter 12: Hitler's Decision on the Defense of Italy" 5308: 4765: 4699: 4675: 4484: 4322:

La Marina dall'8 settembre 1943 alla fine del conflitto

4257: 4217: 4205: 3996: 3978: 3963: 3929: 3914: 3068:

in the Apennines to align their front with that of the

9104:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Italy

9099:

Battles and operations of World War II involving India

6429:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

4536: 4083: 3997:

Mitcham, Samual W.; Von Stauffenberg, Stephen (2007).

3680:

and Milizia Difesa Territoriale, 6,200 members of the

3286:, where in excess of 770 civilians were murdered. The 2482:

countries to stage an invasion of Spain, which, under

2390:

surrounded by Italian territory also suffered damage.

5675:

Memoirs of Lt-Col Donald, NZEF (Italy, Chapters 8–15)

4942:

Alexander's Generals (the Italian Campaign 1944–1945)

3081:

against shipping in Venice harbour on 21 March 1945.

2841: 2834:

by the German Army so no resistance was encountered.

2362:. In the summer of 1944, after the German defeats at 33:

Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

4107: 3888:"A Look Back … Barbara Lauwers: Deceiving the Enemy" 9149:

World War II campaigns of the Mediterranean Theatre

5388:

The Gothic Line (The Autumn Campaign in Italy 1944)

4328:of the Italian Ministry of Defence recorded 15,197 4148: 3561:

11,217 casualties; South African: 4,168 casualties.

5621:Ortona and the Italian campaign – 65th Anniversary 5427: 5335:The Brazilian Expeditionary Force By Its Commander 5314: 5243: 5212: 4925:. The Liberation Trilogy. Vol. III. Picador. 3834:The German Army 1939–45 (5): Western Front 1943–45 3660:recorded 13,021 RSI soldiers killed; however, the 3385:List of British military equipment of World War II 5430:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 3395:List of German military equipment of World War II 9060: 4336:only considered as partisans the members of the 4020: 4018: 2322:, who was deposed and arrested by order of King 5685:World War II propaganda leaflets – use in Italy 5216:& with Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) . 2314:The invasion of Sicily in July 1943 led to the 211:and other high-ranking Fascist officials (1945) 9084:Military history of Canada during World War II 394: 5783: 5541:The Loyal Edmonton Regiment at War, 1943–1945 5519:United States Army Center of Military History 5488:United States Army Center of Military History 4015: 3350:Military history of Italy during World War II 3324:on 14 July 1943), and rape (most notably the 2590: 2119: 1724: 1330: 1316: 325: 16:1943–1945 military campaign in mainland Italy 5475: 5286: 4998:The War North of Rome (June 1944 – May 1945) 4640: 4638: 4636: 4024:Mitcham & Von Stauffenberg, 2007 p. 305 3808:. Army of the Czech Republic. Archived from 436: 5724:CBC Digital Archives – The Italian Campaign 5381:(in Italian). Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione. 5363:(in Italian). Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione. 5354:(in Italian). Rimini: Museo dell'Aviazione. 5136:Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg 4380:The Savage Storm: The Battle for Italy 1943 4050: 4048: 4041:. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson. p. 627. 4033: 3866:. San Jose: Bender Publishing. p. 22. 3168: 3077:and river routes for re-supply, leading to 2896:, both in the second half of 1944, and the 2625:, the day the Italian government agreed to 2299:in July 1943, followed in September by the 9139:Battles of World War II involving Chetniks 5790: 5776: 5666:Italy volume I: From The Sangro to Cassino 5394: 5376: 5367: 5358: 5349: 5080: 4140:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4098: 3861: 3141:Between 26 April and 1 May there were the 2868:After the capture of Rome, and the Allied 2126: 2112: 1731: 1717: 1323: 1309: 197:End of German occupation and Surrender of 5702:BBC's flash video of the Italian campaign 5434:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5196:World War II: People, Politics, and Power 5036: 4958: 4796: 4717: 4633: 4409:, 18 January 1943, Retrieved 2 March 2010 4290:of the Italian Ministry of Defence, p. 4" 3782:Canada, Veterans Affairs (23 June 2021). 3145:, which resulted in the surrender of the 2985:, thereby succeeding the British General 2927:for the advance into Northern Italy, the 2714: 2374:by firing squad. The campaign ended when 2326:on 25 July. The new government signed an 738: 517: 9134:Battles involving the Yugoslav Partisans 5756:Italy Volume II, From Cassino to Trieste 5670:Italy Volume II: From Cassino to Trieste 5506: 5422: 4939: 4917: 4771: 4705: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4263: 4223: 4092: 4045: 3010: 2939:, succeeded in capturing it on 18 July. 2845: 2736: 2660:; in addition, British forces landed at 2612: 379: 5177:Italy's Sorrow: A Year of War 1944–1945 5171: 5118: 4978: 4818: 4790: 4744: 4382:. Atlantic Monthly Press. p. 393. 4374: 4251: 4211: 4169: 3984: 3972: 3948: 3923: 2441: 903: 807: 574: 9061: 7637: 7615:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 5448: 5385: 5372:(in Italian). Imola: Angelini Editore. 5329: 5264: 5152: 5014: 4995: 4876: 4611: 4128:Le operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria 4113: 3830: 3781: 3118:. On the Fifth Army's left flank, the 2884:, codename for the Allied invasion of 2316:collapse of the Fascist Italian regime 8486:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 7918:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 7564:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7520:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 6625:Rape during the occupation of Germany 5771: 5748:Italy Volume I, The Sangro to Cassino 5647:Brazilian Expeditionary Force Website 5537: 5361:LINEA GOTICA 1944: scontro di civiltà 5193: 5099: 5058: 3703:Legione Autonoma Mobile "Ettore Muti" 3308:Allied war crimes during World War II 3143:Battles of Collecchio-Fornovo di Taro 3031:(as well as the need to withdraw the 2522: 2137:Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre 2107: 1712: 1304: 9159:Military campaigns involving Germany 7608:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 6640:Rape during the liberation of France 5758:the New Zealand Official War History 5750:the New Zealand Official War History 5511:. In Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed.). 5480:. In Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed.). 5325:. HMSO – via Internet Archive. 5238: 4166:Messerschmidt, et al, 2007, p. 1,114 2548:. The land forces involved were the 2478:. There was even pressure from some 2303:and the campaign in Italy until the 1738: 4745:Corradi, Chiara (4 February 2016). 4564:Video: Allies Liberate Florence etc 4119: 4027: 3715:Cacciatori degli Appennini Regiment 3600:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 3591: 3574: 3564: 3554: 3545: 3535: 3514: 3298:up to 184 civilians were executed. 3290:saw 560 civilians killed while the 3138:by surprise, causing its collapse. 3126:Division") went along the coast to 3085:in the east had broken through the 3046:In late February-early March 1945, 2821:, who eventually broke out in May. 2680:and the important airfields around 13: 7834:German invasion of the Netherlands 6114:Weather events during World War II 5469: 5022:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. 4882: 4797:Armellini, Arvise (5 April 2016). 3864:Foreign Legions Of The Third Reich 3686:Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana 2842:Allied advance into Northern Italy 2358:; an aspect of this period is the 14: 9170: 8465:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 5566: 5337:. US Government Printing Office. 4885:"Italy: Rampage on Monte Cassino" 4830:L'Eccidio del Padule di Fucecchio 4787:negotiates the surrender as well. 4720:"I liberatori venuti dal Brasile" 4614:, p. 678, Chptrs XX to XXII. 4436:Weinberg 1994, pp. 588 & 591. 4039:A History of the Second World War 3765:"Canada and the Italian Campaign" 3322:two massacres at Biscari airfield 2923:. In order to shorten the Allied 1210:3,377 armoured vehicles destroyed 9025: 5797: 5663:New Zealand Official War History 5476:Mavrogordato, Ralph S. (2000) . 5453:. Battle Orders No. 21. Osprey. 3365:Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force 3301: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3178: 2631:proclamation by Marshal Badoglio 2301:invasion of the Italian mainland 2271:in September 1943, consisted of 1284: 1252: 1243: 1230: 1220: 1204: 1179: 1170: 1161: 1152: 1143: 1134: 1125: 1116: 1107: 1100: 1091: 1082: 1073: 1043: 1032: 1017: 1006: 995: 980: 921: 911: 892: 884: 874: 866: 854: 846: 834: 827: 815: 796: 788: 778: 766: 758: 746: 725: 707: 695: 683: 671: 659: 647: 633: 619: 605: 576: 559: 547: 534: 519: 493: 482: 470: 453: 438: 424: 411: 396: 381: 366: 351: 344: 327: 313: 299: 285: 271: 259: 101:at a German machine gun nest in 77: 68: 57: 48: 37:European theatre of World War II 9069:Italian campaign (World War II) 5763:Canada and the Italian campaign 5639:Brazilian WWII Veterans website 5323:History of the Second World War 5292:History of the Second World War 4867: 4858: 4843: 4777: 4738: 4711: 4651: 4617: 4592: 4583: 4555: 4524: 4515: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4396: 4368: 4344: 4314: 4286:"Updated studies (2010) by the 4278: 4269: 4229: 4195: 4178: 4160: 4057: 3990: 3954: 3880: 3699:Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano 3670:Fondazione RSI Istituto Storico 3650: 3635: 3613: 3604: 2973:In October, Lieutenant General 2890:Brazilian 1st Infantry Division 224:Division of Italy between the " 8712:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 6422:Territorial changes of Germany 6330:Indonesian National Revolution 5521:. CMH Pub 70-7. Archived from 5490:. CMH Pub 70-7. Archived from 3855: 3824: 3794: 3775: 3769:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 3757: 3748: 3730: 3707:Raggruppamento Anti Partigiani 3678:Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana 3429: 3412: 3288:Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre 3255: 3147:148th German Infantry Division 2864:Spring 1945 offensive in Italy 2648:On 9 September, forces of the 2380:German Instrument of Surrender 1274:1,549,590–1,793,570 casualties 205:Fascist forces in Italy (1945) 1: 8112:Japanese invasion of Thailand 8063:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 7827:German invasion of Luxembourg 6208:Mediterranean and Middle East 5626:Canadians in Italy, 1943–1945 5507:Matthews, Sidney T. (2000) . 5444:– via Internet Archive. 5408:: Stanford University Press. 5370:CLAUSEWITZ SULLA LINEA GOTICA 5260:– via Internet Archive. 4910: 3690:Marina Nazionale Repubblicana 3250: 3033:British 5th Infantry Division 2977:succeeded Lieutenant General 2931:advanced towards the port of 2412:Western Front of World War II 1521:Mediterranean and Middle East 209:Execution of Benito Mussolini 8019:Invasion of the Soviet Union 7708:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 7026:Independent State of Croatia 4981:Monte Cassino: a German View 3724: 3630:British Mandate in Palestine 3530:Office of Strategic Services 3522:Protectorate Government Army 3511:(heavy bombers).</ref> 3405: 3296:Padule di Fucecchio massacre 3161:) in March 1945, signed the 3104:8th Indian Infantry Division 2446:The British, especially the 1502:Manchuria and Northern Korea 7: 9003:End of World War II in Asia 8843:Western invasion of Germany 8350:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 8327:Second Battle of El Alamein 7897:Hundred Regiments Offensive 7869:Battle of the Mediterranean 7722:Italian invasion of Albania 5896:Air warfare of World War II 5538:Brown, Shaun R. G. (1986). 5377:Montemaggi, Amedeo (2010). 5368:Montemaggi, Amedeo (2008). 5359:Montemaggi, Amedeo (2006). 5350:Montemaggi, Amedeo (2002). 3896:Central Intelligence Agency 3697:miscellaneous units of the 3375:Italian resistance movement 3360:Italian Co-Belligerent Navy 3355:Italian Co-Belligerent Army 3340:Italian front (World War I) 3333: 3120:U.S. 92nd Infantry Division 3096:U.S. 34th Infantry Division 3060:and the newly arrived U.S. 2898:U.S. 10th Mountain Division 2894:U.S. 92nd Infantry Division 2652:, under Lieutenant General 2517: 2348:Italian Co-Belligerent Army 2336:Italian resistance movement 2295:and it planned and led the 10: 9175: 8929:Naval bombardment of Japan 8297:First Battle of El Alamein 8216:Battle of Christmas Island 8161:Japanese invasion of Burma 7925:Italian invasion of Greece 7841:German invasion of Belgium 7813:German invasion of Denmark 7786:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 7655:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 5919:Comparative military ranks 5587:Website of the project by 5194:Hosch, William L. (2009). 5066:. New York: Enigma Books. 5016:Carver, Field Marshal Lord 4996:Brooks, Thomas R. (2003). 4944:. London: William Kimber. 4940:Blaxland, Gregory (1979). 4532:The Battle for Rome p. 134 4448:Liddell Hart 1970, p. 457. 3862:Littlejohn, David (1985). 3841:: Bloomsbury. p. 11. 3493:Royal Australian Air Force 3305: 3259: 3130:. A rapid advance towards 3064:) battling forward across 2878:French Expeditionary Corps 2857: 2718: 2594: 2591:Invasion of mainland Italy 2526: 2289:Allied Forces Headquarters 1192:358,295–376,637 casualties 9018: 8850:Bratislava–Brno offensive 8790: 8781:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 8518: 8405:Allied invasion of Sicily 8359: 8265:Aleutian Islands campaign 8237:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 8184: 8175:Greek famine of 1941–1944 8070:Second Battle of Changsha 7975:German invasion of Greece 7943: 7820:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 7795: 7733: 7628: 7509: 7235: 7145: 6993: 6696: 6687: 6445: 6270: 6162:North and Central Pacific 6123: 5885: 5878: 5805: 4130:. Rome. pp. 400–401. 3713:, and 170 members of the 2529:Allied invasion of Sicily 2328:armistice with the Allies 2279:operations in and around 2145: 1750: 1341: 1294: 1055: 932: 595: 244: 135: 42: 30: 25: 8442:Allied invasion of Italy 8419:Solomon Islands campaign 8168:Third Battle of Changsha 7765:First Battle of Changsha 7671:Second Sino-Japanese War 6611:German military brothels 6477:United States war crimes 5386:Orgill, Douglas (1967). 5250:. Simon & Schuster. 5179:. London: Harper Press. 5126:; Wegner, Bernd (2007). 4979:Bohmler, Rudolf (1964). 4724:La finestra sul torrente 3400: 3262:Axis war crimes in Italy 3169:Progress of the campaign 3155:Heinrich von Vietinghoff 2998:Supreme Allied Commander 2935:and, after a month-long 2672:had been persuaded that 2597:Allied invasion of Italy 2356:National Republican Army 1507:pre-war border conflicts 1295:152,940 civilians killed 1201:8,011 aircraft destroyed 754:Heinrich von Vietinghoff 588:(until 8 September 1943) 9144:Modern history of Italy 8864:Second Guangxi campaign 8719:Philippines (1944–1945) 8223:Battle of the Coral Sea 8126:Fall of the Philippines 7772:Battle of South Guangxi 7678:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 7084:Italian Social Republic 5214:Jackson, General W.G.F. 4718:Repubblica.it, Parma-. 4602:, Chps XIX-XX spec.p254 4475:Churchill 1959, p. 669. 4353:"The Second World War" 4334:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro 4326:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro 4324:, p. 433. In 2010, the 4288:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro 3662:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro 3658:Ufficio dell'Albo d'Oro 3507:(maritime patrol), and 3370:Italian Social Republic 3163:instrument of surrender 3092:3rd Carpathian Division 3022:, Italy, September 1944 2729:Battle of Monte Cassino 2540:The Allied invasion of 2344:Italian Social Republic 567:Italian Social Republic 230:Italian Social Republic 121:Battle of Monte Cassino 88:Clockwise from top left 8449:Armistice of Cassibile 8251:Battle of Dutch Harbor 8202:Battle of the Java Sea 8105:Attack on Pearl Harbor 8005:Syria–Lebanon campaign 7998:Battle of South Shanxi 7968:Invasion of Yugoslavia 7751:Battle of the Atlantic 7365:Korean Liberation Army 7078:(until September 1943) 7035:(until September 1944) 7013:(until September 1944) 5718:Royal Engineers Museum 5449:Zaloga, Steve (2006). 5155:The Impossible Victory 5153:Harpur, Brian (1981). 5081:D'Este, Carlo (1990). 4551:Calculated Risk p. 100 4466:Weinberg 1994, p. 591. 4065:"The Italian Campaign" 3831:Thomas, Nigel (2012). 3440:corvettes/minesweepers 3318:execution of prisoners 3062:10th Mountain Division 3058:1st Brazilian Division 3023: 3018:arrive in the city of 2925:lines of communication 2855: 2742: 2715:Allied advance on Rome 2618: 2601:Armistice of Cassibile 2468:Battle of the Atlantic 2311:in Italy in May 1945. 773:Eberhard von Mackensen 596:Commanders and leaders 503:(from 13 October 1943) 8613:Second Battle of Guam 8509:Bengal famine of 1943 8479:Second Battle of Kiev 8435:Battle of the Dnieper 8140:Battle of Wake Island 8012:East African campaign 7954:Battle of South Henan 7599:atrocities by Germans 7372:Korean Volunteer Army 6353:Occupation of Germany 6107:Music in World War II 4600:The War North of Rome 4427:Blumenson 1969, p. 7. 4332:killed; however, the 4320:Giuseppe Fioravanzo, 4035:Liddel Hart, Basil H. 3709:, 550 members of the 3705:, 200 members of the 3666:Nazi security warfare 3509:No. 462 Squadron RAAF 3505:No. 458 Squadron RAAF 3501:No. 450 Squadron RAAF 3436:Royal Australian Navy 3014: 2849: 2740: 2616: 2492:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2293:Mediterranean theatre 2030:1945 Spring Offensive 1432:Yugoslavian Partisans 1056:Casualties and losses 542:Bohemia & Moravia 8899:Surrender of Germany 8377:Battle of West Hubei 8334:Guadalcanal campaign 8304:Battle of Stalingrad 8230:Battle of Madagascar 7004:Albania protectorate 6791:(formerly Swaziland) 6500:Wehrmacht war crimes 6316:Expulsion of Germans 6100:Art and World War II 5998:British contribution 5947:Governments in exile 5424:Weinberg, Gerhard L. 5406:Stanford, California 5390:. London: Heinemann. 5294:. London: Papermac. 5270:The Second World War 5157:. Hippocrene Books. 5100:Ellis, John (1993). 5042:The Second World War 4849:Giovanni Bartolone, 4457:Keegan 2005, p. 287. 4418:Carver, pp4 & 59 4378:(2023). "RAINCOAT". 3645:Sir Harold Alexander 3621:Alexander's Generals 3345:Liberation of France 3052:saw elements of the 2987:Sir Harold Alexander 2975:Sir Richard McCreery 2966:from advancing into 2870:invasion of Normandy 2442:Strategic background 1860:Armistice with Italy 1290:~4,500 aircraft lost 1262:Surrender of Caserta 613:Dwight D. Eisenhower 226:Kingdom of the South 8989:Potsdam Declaration 8878:Italy (Spring 1945) 8641:Liberation of Paris 8098:Siege of Sevastopol 7116:(until August 1944) 7019:Wang Jingwei regime 6841:from September 1943 6801:from September 1944 6739:from September 1944 6599:Romanian war crimes 6590:Persecution of Jews 6576:Croatian war crimes 6546:Japanese war crimes 6360:Occupation of Japan 6309:First Indochina War 6021:Military production 5933:Declarations of war 5732:La Città Invisibile 5608:Winter Line Stories 5525:on 30 December 2007 5494:on 30 December 2007 5331:Moraes, Mascarenhas 5288:Liddell Hart, Basil 5246:The Battle for Rome 5120:Frieser, Karl-Heinz 5085:. Algonquin Books. 5044:. London: Pimlico. 4696:, pp. 272–273. 4672:, pp. 254–255. 4648:, Chapter XI p. 483 4192:, P. 336 and P.174. 4001:. Stackpole Books. 3902:on 2 September 2009 3582:German Armed Forces 3497:No. 3 Squadron RAAF 3424:British Indian Army 3284:Marzabotto massacre 3041:northwestern Europe 2954:, which is today's 2725:Moro River Campaign 2698:Four days of Naples 2666:Operation Slapstick 2658:Operation Avalanche 2609:Four days of Naples 2565:British Eighth Army 2496:Allied naval forces 2464:northwestern Europe 2324:Victor Emmanuel III 2265:Liberation of Italy 571:(from 23 Sep. 1943) 188:End of Fascist rule 117:German paratroopers 8982:Surrender of Japan 8815:Battle of Iwo Jima 8664:Belgrade offensive 8077:Siege of Leningrad 7961:Battle of Shanggao 7890:British Somaliland 7855:Dunkirk evacuation 7806:Norwegian campaign 7744:Invasion of Poland 7571:Japanese prisoners 6539:Italian war crimes 6470:British war crimes 6385:Soviet occupations 6169:South-West Pacific 6056:Allied cooperation 6014:Military equipment 5694:: A website about 5690:2007-09-30 at the 5652:2015-02-12 at the 5631:2007-09-27 at the 5038:Churchill, Winston 4964:Salerno to Cassino 4569:Universal Newsreel 4485:Molony et al. 1973 4338:Italian Resistance 4071:on 24 October 2009 3812:on 27 October 2017 3788:www.veterans.gc.ca 3742:www.heritage.nf.ca 3422:served within the 3314:Canicattì massacre 3292:Ardeatine massacre 3024: 2856: 2743: 2705:Apennine Mountains 2643:Royal Italian Army 2619: 2572:Bernard Montgomery 2554:Lieutenant General 2523:Invasion of Sicily 2498:, principally the 2372:summarily executed 2297:invasion of Sicily 2263:, also called the 1754:Invasion of Sicily 1634:French West Africa 1475:South West Pacific 1383:Denmark and Norway 1267:1,000,000 captured 1258:35,000 (dead only) 1066:24,900 casualties 1014:(overall strength) 960:(overall strength) 822:Hans-Valentin Hube 714:Bernard Montgomery 545: • 532: • 489:Italian Resistance 9056: 9055: 9014: 9013: 8857:Battle of Okinawa 8756:Burma (1944–1945) 8590:Mariana and Palau 8370:Tunisian campaign 8195:Fall of Singapore 8119:Fall of Hong Kong 7862:Battle of Britain 7715:Operation Himmler 7624: 7623: 7288:Dutch East Indies 6931:Southern Rhodesia 6683: 6682: 6583:Genocide of Serbs 6486:German war crimes 6463:Soviet war crimes 6456:Allied war crimes 6302:Division of Korea 6281:Chinese Civil War 6079:Strategic bombing 5991:Manhattan Project 5551:978-0-31519-038-2 5514:Command Decisions 5483:Command Decisions 5460:978-1-84176-966-0 5415:978-0-8047-0857-9 5311:Butler, Sir James 5279:978-0-14-303573-2 5257:978-0-7432-1642-5 5205:978-1-61530-046-4 5186:978-0-00-717645-8 5145:978-3-421-06235-2 5124:Ungváry, Kristián 5111:978-1-85410-254-6 5092:978-0-945575-04-7 5073:978-1-929631-59-9 5007:978-0-306-81256-9 5000:. Da Capo Press. 4960:Blumenson, Martin 4932:978-1-250-03781-7 4826:"The responsible" 4644:Bohmler, Rudolf, 4496:Phillips (1957), 4403:"Batista's Boost" 4389:978-0-8021-6160-4 4330:Italian partisans 3738:"Royal Artillery" 3692:personnel, 1,900 3688:personnel, 1,000 3626:Jewish volunteers 3526:Italian partisans 3380:Italian Civil War 3102:on 22 April; the 2962:to forestall the 2900:in January 1945. 2882:Operation Dragoon 2763:. Two lines, the 2750:Albert Kesselring 2639:tied up disarming 2623:Operation Baytown 2550:U.S. Seventh Army 2452:Winston Churchill 2360:Italian civil war 2352:Italian partisans 2269:German occupation 2250: 2249: 2165:Mediterranean Sea 2101: 2100: 2094:Italian Civil War 1832:Invasion of Italy 1706: 1705: 1627:Strategic bombing 1543:Mediterranean Sea 1299: 1298: 1239:Italian mainland: 1069:Italian mainland: 1003:(ration strength) 988:(ration strength) 955:(ration strength) 945:(ration strength) 881:Vittorio Ambrosio 733:Albert Kesselring 240: 239: 108:Italian partisans 95:American soldiers 9166: 9049: 9042: 9035: 9032:World portal 9030: 9029: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8984: 8975: 8968: 8961: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8917: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8892:Prague offensive 8887: 8885:Battle of Berlin 8880: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8831: 8829:Vienna offensive 8824: 8817: 8810: 8808:Battle of Manila 8803: 8783: 8774: 8765: 8758: 8749: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8707: 8698: 8689: 8682: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8601: 8592: 8585: 8576: 8567: 8558: 8551: 8549:Korsun–Cherkassy 8544: 8533: 8511: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8430: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8391:Bombing of Gorky 8386: 8379: 8372: 8352: 8345: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8281: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8258:Battle of Midway 8253: 8246: 8244:Battle of Gazala 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8154:Battle of Borneo 8149: 8147:Malayan campaign 8142: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8091:Bombing of Gorky 8086: 8084:Battle of Moscow 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7956: 7936: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7857: 7850: 7848:Battle of France 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7808: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7767: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7701:Munich Agreement 7696: 7689: 7680: 7673: 7666: 7657: 7650: 7635: 7634: 7617: 7610: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7586:Soviet prisoners 7580: 7573: 7566: 7557: 7550: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7526:German prisoners 7522: 7502: 7493: 7486: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7086: 7079: 7071: 7064: 7062:French Indochina 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7006: 6986: 6977: 6970: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6909:from August 1944 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6792: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6694: 6693: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6635: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6553:Nanjing Massacre 6548: 6541: 6532: 6530:Nuremberg trials 6523: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6479: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6371: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6263: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6134:Asia and Pacific 6116: 6109: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6065: 6063:Mulberry harbour 6058: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5905: 5898: 5883: 5882: 5871: 5864: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5769: 5768: 5741:Italian Partisan 5739: 5730: 5658: 5643: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5592:and Udo Gümpel. 5584: 5582: 5580: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5464: 5445: 5433: 5419: 5396:Tomasevich, Jozo 5391: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5346: 5326: 5320: 5305: 5283: 5261: 5249: 5235: 5209: 5190: 5168: 5149: 5115: 5096: 5077: 5055: 5033: 5011: 4992: 4975: 4955: 4936: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4891:. Archived from 4883:Duncan, George. 4880: 4874: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4794: 4788: 4785:Rodolfo Graziani 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4657:Clark, (2007) , 4655: 4649: 4642: 4631: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4487:, pp. 13–18 4482: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4372: 4366: 4348: 4342: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4302:on 2 August 2020 4301: 4295:. Archived from 4294: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4254:, p. 1,162. 4249: 4240: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4067:. Archived from 4061: 4055: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4013: 4012: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3927: 3921: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3898:. Archived from 3884: 3878: 3877: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3734: 3718: 3654: 3648: 3639: 3633: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3518: 3512: 3433: 3427: 3416: 3242: 3230: 3221:1 September 1944 3218: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3124:Buffalo Soldiers 3079:Operation Bowler 3049:Operation Encore 3037:I Canadian Corps 3016:Brazilian troops 2994:Sir Henry Wilson 2979:Sir Oliver Leese 2958:) to Vienna and 2919:, just south of 2686:German 10th Army 2557:George S. Patton 2484:Francisco Franco 2400:prisoners-of-war 2318:and the fall of 2257:Italian campaign 2220:Italian mainland 2140: 2138: 2128: 2121: 2114: 2105: 2104: 1918:Monte la Difensa 1745: 1743: 1742:Italian Campaign 1733: 1726: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1693:French Indochina 1336: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1302: 1301: 1289: 1288: 1257: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1235: 1234: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1209: 1208: 1184: 1183: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1139: 1138: 1130: 1129: 1121: 1120: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1086: 1078: 1077: 1048: 1047: 1040:(September 1943) 1037: 1036: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1010: 1000: 999: 985: 984: 968:(September 1943) 956: 946: 925: 916: 915: 905: 897: 896: 888: 879: 878: 870: 862:Rodolfo Graziani 859: 858: 850: 842:Benito Mussolini 839: 838: 832: 831: 820: 819: 809: 801: 800: 792: 785:Joachim Lemelsen 783: 782: 771: 770: 762: 751: 750: 740: 730: 729: 712: 711: 702:Richard McCreery 700: 699: 688: 687: 678:George S. Patton 676: 675: 664: 663: 652: 651: 641:Harold Alexander 638: 637: 624: 623: 610: 609: 589: 586: 582: 580: 579: 572: 569: 565: 563: 562: 552: 551: 540: 538: 537: 529: 525: 523: 522: 504: 500:Kingdom of Italy 498: 497: 496: 487: 486: 485: 476: 474: 473: 458: 457: 456: 448: 444: 442: 441: 429: 428: 427: 416: 415: 414: 406: 402: 400: 399: 391: 387: 385: 384: 372: 370: 369: 362: 356: 355: 349: 348: 347: 337: 333: 331: 330: 319: 317: 316: 305: 303: 302: 291: 289: 288: 277: 275: 274: 265: 263: 262: 137: 136: 81: 72: 61: 52: 26:Italian campaign 23: 22: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9163: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9052: 9045: 9038: 9024: 9022: 9010: 9001: 8994: 8987: 8980: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8948: 8943:Atomic bombings 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8913: 8904: 8897: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8827: 8820: 8813: 8806: 8799: 8786: 8779: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8745: 8738: 8731: 8724: 8717: 8710: 8701: 8692: 8685: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8655: 8646: 8639: 8634:Eastern Romania 8632: 8627:Warsaw Uprising 8625: 8620:Tannenberg Line 8618: 8611: 8606:Western Ukraine 8604: 8595: 8588: 8579: 8570: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8536: 8527: 8514: 8507: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8456: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8398:Battle of Kursk 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8355: 8348: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8286: 8277: 8270: 8263: 8256: 8249: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8221: 8214: 8209:St Nazaire Raid 8207: 8200: 8193: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8159: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8047: 8033: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7991:Anglo-Iraqi War 7989: 7982:Battle of Crete 7980: 7973: 7966: 7959: 7952: 7939: 7930: 7923: 7916: 7911:Eastern Romania 7909: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7818: 7811: 7804: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7729: 7720: 7713: 7706: 7699: 7692: 7685: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7653: 7646: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7597: 7590: 7585: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7553: 7546: 7537: 7530: 7525: 7518: 7505: 7498: 7489: 7482: 7477: 7472:Western Ukraine 7470: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7421: 7416:Northeast China 7414: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7386: 7379: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7141: 7134: 7127: 7122:Slovak Republic 7120: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7093:Empire of Japan 7091: 7082: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7009: 7002: 6989: 6982: 6973: 6966: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6795: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6679: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6638: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6605:Sexual violence 6604: 6597: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6528: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6374: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6335: 6328: 6323:Greek Civil War 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6148:South-East Asia 6146: 6139: 6132: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6007:Military awards 6005: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5901: 5894: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5796: 5737: 5728: 5692:Wayback Machine 5657:(in Portuguese) 5656: 5654:Wayback Machine 5642:(in Portuguese) 5641: 5633:Wayback Machine 5598: 5596: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5528: 5526: 5497: 5495: 5472: 5470:Further reading 5467: 5461: 5442: 5416: 5302: 5280: 5258: 5232: 5206: 5187: 5165: 5146: 5112: 5093: 5074: 5064:Calculated Risk 5052: 5030: 5008: 4952: 4933: 4913: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4895:on 3 March 2016 4881: 4877: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4795: 4791: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4548: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4510:The Gothic Line 4507: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4373: 4369: 4349: 4345: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4243: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4214:, p. 1162. 4210: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4183: 4179: 4175:Jackson, p. 400 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4133: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4104:Jackson, p. 335 4103: 4099: 4091: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4009: 3995: 3991: 3987:, p. 1129. 3983: 3979: 3975:, p. 1156. 3971: 3964: 3960:Jackson, p. 230 3959: 3955: 3951:, p. 1158. 3947: 3930: 3926:, p. 1151. 3922: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3780: 3776: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3721: 3655: 3651: 3640: 3636: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3596: 3592: 3584:(including the 3579: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3519: 3515: 3491: 3434: 3430: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3336: 3310: 3304: 3268: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3243: 3234: 3233:1 December 1944 3231: 3222: 3219: 3210: 3207: 3198: 3197:1 November 1943 3195: 3186: 3183: 3171: 2983:15th Army Group 2944:Operation Olive 2929:Polish II Corps 2886:Southern France 2866: 2858:Main articles: 2854:, 3 August 1944 2844: 2819:Lucian Truscott 2735: 2733:Battle of Anzio 2719:Main articles: 2717: 2650:U.S. Fifth Army 2611: 2605:Operation Achse 2595:Main articles: 2593: 2531: 2525: 2520: 2444: 2424:Anzio beachhead 2253: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2242:Alpes-Maritimes 2141: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2102: 2097: 2091: 1884:Vatican bombing 1757: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1707: 1702: 1589:Other campaigns 1583:Southern France 1492:Burma and India 1487:South-East Asia 1482:Franco-Thai War 1337: 1331: 1329: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1259: 1251: 1250: 1249:336,650–580,630 1242: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1168: 1160: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1133: 1132: 1124: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1081: 1080: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1050: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1025:(military only) 1024: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1005: 1004: 1002: 994: 993: 989: 987: 979: 978: 971: 969: 967: 965: 961: 959: 957: 954: 952: 951: 947: 944: 942: 941: 928: 910: 899:Alfredo Guzzoni 891: 873: 853: 833: 826: 814: 795: 777: 765: 745: 724: 718: 706: 694: 682: 670: 666:Lucian Truscott 658: 646: 632: 618: 604: 591: 587: 577: 575: 573: 570: 560: 558: 556: 546: 544: 535: 533: 530: 520: 518: 505: 502: 494: 492: 491: 483: 481: 480: 471: 469: 466: 462: 454: 452: 439: 437: 425: 423: 412: 410: 397: 395: 382: 380: 367: 365: 360: 350: 345: 343: 328: 326: 314: 312: 309: 300: 298: 295: 286: 284: 272: 270: 269: 260: 258: 257: 219: 171: 150: 131: 127:invading Sicily 125:British forces 86: 85: 84: 83: 82: 74: 73: 64: 63: 62: 54: 53: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9172: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9043: 9036: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9007: 9006: 8999: 8992: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8962: 8959:South Sakhalin 8955: 8954: 8953: 8939: 8932: 8925: 8918: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8796: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8777: 8776: 8775: 8759: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8736: 8729: 8722: 8715: 8708: 8699: 8690: 8683: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8609: 8602: 8593: 8586: 8577: 8568: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8534: 8524: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8512: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8496: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8453: 8452: 8438: 8431: 8422: 8415: 8408: 8401: 8394: 8387: 8384:Battle of Attu 8380: 8373: 8365: 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8346: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8293: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8275: 8261: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8205: 8198: 8190: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8136: 8133:Battle of Guam 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8056:Battle of Kiev 8052: 8045: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7971: 7964: 7957: 7949: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7801: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7761: 7754: 7747: 7739: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7697: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7674: 7660: 7659: 7658: 7643: 7641: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7595: 7583: 7582: 7581: 7567: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7555:United Kingdom 7551: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7523: 7515: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7376: 7375: 7368: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7151: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7007: 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6959:British Empire 6952:United Kingdom 6948: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6920: 6913: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6793: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6768:Czechoslovakia 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6700: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6668: 6665:Rape of Manila 6661: 6654: 6647: 6636: 6621: 6614: 6602: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6586: 6572: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6503: 6496: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6439: 6436:United Nations 6432: 6425: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6381: 6372: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6295:Decolonization 6291: 6284: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6241: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6195: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6129: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5987: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5971: 5968:United Kingdom 5964: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5891: 5889: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5814: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5795: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5752: 5744: 5735: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5660: 5644: 5636: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5605: 5585: 5568: 5567:External links 5565: 5564: 5563: 5550: 5535: 5504: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5459: 5446: 5440: 5420: 5414: 5392: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5356: 5347: 5327: 5306: 5300: 5284: 5278: 5262: 5256: 5236: 5230: 5218:Butler, J.R.M. 5210: 5204: 5191: 5185: 5173:Holland, James 5169: 5163: 5150: 5144: 5116: 5110: 5097: 5091: 5078: 5072: 5056: 5050: 5034: 5028: 5012: 5006: 4993: 4976: 4956: 4950: 4937: 4931: 4919:Atkinson, Rick 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4875: 4866: 4857: 4842: 4817: 4789: 4776: 4774:, p. 277. 4764: 4751:ilParmense.net 4737: 4710: 4708:, p. 275. 4698: 4686: 4684:, p. 271. 4674: 4662: 4650: 4632: 4625:Monte Castello 4616: 4604: 4591: 4582: 4554: 4535: 4523: 4521:Carver, p. 195 4514: 4501: 4489: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4450: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4395: 4388: 4376:Holland, James 4367: 4343: 4313: 4277: 4268: 4266:, p. 284. 4256: 4241: 4235:Don Caldwell. 4228: 4226:, p. 616. 4216: 4204: 4194: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4147: 4118: 4106: 4097: 4082: 4056: 4044: 4026: 4014: 4007: 3989: 3977: 3962: 3953: 3928: 3913: 3879: 3872: 3854: 3848:978-1782002437 3847: 3823: 3793: 3774: 3756: 3747: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3682:Black Brigades 3672:) has drafted 3649: 3634: 3612: 3603: 3590: 3573: 3563: 3553: 3544: 3534: 3513: 3428: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3335: 3332: 3303: 3300: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3074:Monte Castello 2968:Eastern Europe 2917:Adriatic coast 2843: 2840: 2721:Bernhardt Line 2716: 2713: 2694:fighter planes 2674:Southern Italy 2592: 2589: 2527:Main article: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2480:Latin American 2448:Prime Minister 2443: 2440: 2267:following the 2248: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2055: 2048: 2041: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2018:Monte Castello 2015: 2010: 2005: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1979:Trasimene Line 1976: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1913:Bernhardt Line 1902: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1764: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1736: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1713: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1658:Baltic Nations 1649: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1467: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1358: 1353: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1211: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1052: 973: 970:4,000 aircraft 966:3,127 aircraft 935: 934: 930: 929: 927: 926: 908: 889: 871: 851: 824: 812: 793: 775: 763: 743: 721: 719: 717: 716: 704: 692: 680: 668: 656: 644: 630: 616: 601: 598: 597: 593: 592: 516: 506: 468: 467: 450: 434: 421: 408: 392: 377: 363: 340: 339: 338: 323: 310: 296: 279:United Kingdom 247: 246: 242: 241: 238: 237: 236: 233: 221: 215: 214: 213: 212: 206: 195: 177: 173: 172: 159: 157: 153: 152: 141: 133: 132: 130: 129: 123: 114: 105: 91: 76: 75: 67: 66: 65: 56: 55: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 40: 39: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9171: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9028: 9021: 9020: 9017: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8993: 8990: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8974: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8966:Kuril Islands 8963: 8960: 8956: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8919: 8916: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8872: 8868: 8865: 8861: 8858: 8854: 8851: 8847: 8844: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8805: 8802: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8789: 8782: 8778: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8734: 8733:Syrmian Front 8730: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8688: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8679:Market Garden 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8557: 8553: 8550: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8538:Monte Cassino 8535: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8517: 8510: 8506: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8351: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8315: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8276: 8273: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8248: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8032: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7904:Baltic states 7901: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7849: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7695: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7616: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7548:United States 7545: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7484:Quốc dân Đảng 7481: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7378: 7373: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7184:Liechtenstein 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6981: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6968:United States 6965: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6658:Comfort women 6655: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6642: / 6641: 6637: 6634: 6631: / 6630: 6627: / 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618:Camp brothels 6615: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507:The Holocaust 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6493:forced labour 6490: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346:Marshall Plan 6343: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6199:Eastern Front 6196: 6193: 6192:Western Front 6189: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6086:Puppet states 6083: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028:Naval history 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5975:United States 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5736: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5595: 5591: 5590:Carlo Gentile 5586: 5575: 5574:"Gothic Line" 5571: 5570: 5553: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5536: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5462: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5441:9780521443173 5437: 5432: 5431: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5231:1-84574-072-6 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5164:0-88254-518-3 5160: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5029:0-330-48230-0 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4951:0-7183-0386-5 4947: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4846: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4772:Blaxland 1979 4768: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4725: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4706:Blaxland 1979 4702: 4695: 4694:Blaxland 1979 4690: 4683: 4682:Blaxland 1979 4678: 4671: 4670:Blaxland 1979 4666: 4660: 4654: 4647: 4646:Monte Cassino 4641: 4639: 4637: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4613: 4608: 4601: 4595: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4454: 4445: 4443: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4355:Penguin Books 4352: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4298: 4291: 4289: 4281: 4272: 4265: 4264:Blaxland 1979 4260: 4253: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4232: 4225: 4224:Atkinson 2014 4220: 4213: 4208: 4198: 4191: 4190:3-486-56531-1 4187: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4156: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4129: 4122: 4116:, p. 44. 4115: 4110: 4101: 4095:, p. 11. 4094: 4093:Blaxland 1979 4089: 4087: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4054:Ellis, p. 255 4051: 4049: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4021: 4019: 4010: 4008:9780811734035 4004: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3875: 3873:9780912138220 3869: 3865: 3858: 3850: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3827: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3754:Gaujac, p. 68 3751: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3656:In 2010, the 3653: 3646: 3643: 3642:Field Marshal 3638: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3616: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3567: 3557: 3548: 3538: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3302:Allied crimes 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3274:attacks, and 3273: 3267: 3263: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3070:U.S. II Corps 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:U.S. IV Corps 3051: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2991:Field Marshal 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2874:U.S. VI Corps 2872:in June, the 2871: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2827:Monte Cassino 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2811:John P. Lucas 2809: 2808:Major General 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2754:Central Italy 2751: 2748: 2747:Field Marshal 2739: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2654:Mark W. Clark 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2530: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2508:Eastern Front 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2476:Mediterranean 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2432:Western Front 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2200:Syria–Lebanon 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2096: 2095: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1943:Monte Cassino 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1889:Volturno Line 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1744: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566:Syria–Lebanon 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1470:Pacific Ocean 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1439:Eastern Front 1437: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1388:Western Front 1386: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1335: 1332:Campaigns of 1326: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1293: 1287: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1265: 1263: 1255: 1246: 1240: 1233: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1182: 1173: 1164: 1155: 1146: 1137: 1128: 1119: 1110: 1103: 1085: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1046: 1035: 1029: 1020: 1009: 998: 992: 983: 977: 974: 964: 958:1,333,856 men 950: 940: 937: 936: 931: 924: 919: 914: 909: 906: 900: 895: 890: 887: 882: 877: 872: 869: 864: 863: 857: 852: 849: 844: 843: 837: 830: 825: 823: 818: 813: 810: 804: 803:Traugott Herr 799: 794: 791: 786: 781: 776: 774: 769: 764: 761: 756: 755: 749: 744: 741: 735: 734: 728: 723: 722: 720: 715: 710: 705: 703: 698: 693: 691: 686: 681: 679: 674: 669: 667: 662: 657: 655: 654:Mark W. Clark 650: 645: 643: 642: 636: 631: 629: 628: 622: 617: 615: 614: 608: 603: 602: 600: 599: 594: 590: 585: 568: 555: 550: 543: 528: 515: 514: 512: 507: 501: 490: 479: 465: 464:Supported by: 461: 451: 447: 435: 432: 422: 419: 409: 405: 393: 390: 378: 375: 364: 359: 354: 342: 341: 336: 324: 322: 311: 308: 297: 294: 283: 282: 281: 280: 268: 267:United States 256: 254: 249: 248: 243: 234: 231: 227: 223: 222: 217: 216: 210: 207: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 186: 185: 184: 182: 178: 175: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 154: 149: 145: 142: 139: 138: 134: 128: 124: 122: 118: 115: 113: 109: 106: 104: 100: 96: 93: 92: 89: 80: 71: 60: 51: 41: 38: 34: 29: 24: 19: 9040:Bibliography 9023: 8836:Project Hula 8801:Vistula–Oder 8770: 8703: 8694: 8678: 8648: 8597: 8581: 8572: 8563: 8529: 8426: 8341: 8317: 8287: 8038: 7931: 7876:North Africa 7578:Soviet Union 7532:Soviet Union 7458:Soviet Union 7226:Vatican City 7136:Vichy France 7041:German Reich 6938:Soviet Union 6924:South Africa 6917:Sierra Leone 6870:Newfoundland 6689:Participants 6672:Marocchinate 6376: 6367: 6337: 6228: 6215:North Africa 6176:Indian Ocean 6035:Nazi plunder 5926:Cryptography 5799:World War II 5755: 5747: 5738:(in Italian) 5729:(in Italian) 5662: 5616:World War II 5610: 5597:. Retrieved 5577:. Retrieved 5555:. Retrieved 5540: 5527:. Retrieved 5523:the original 5513: 5496:. Retrieved 5492:the original 5482: 5450: 5429: 5400: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5334: 5316: 5291: 5269: 5266:Keegan, John 5245: 5240:Katz, Robert 5221: 5195: 5176: 5154: 5131: 5127: 5101: 5082: 5063: 5041: 5019: 4997: 4980: 4963: 4941: 4922: 4897:. Retrieved 4893:the original 4888: 4878: 4869: 4860: 4854:(in Italian) 4845: 4833:. Retrieved 4829: 4820: 4808:. Retrieved 4802: 4792: 4779: 4767: 4755:. Retrieved 4753:(in Italian) 4750: 4740: 4728:. Retrieved 4726:(in Italian) 4723: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4645: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4607: 4599: 4594: 4589:Keegan, p367 4585: 4573:. Retrieved 4563: 4557: 4550: 4531: 4526: 4517: 4509: 4504: 4492: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4453: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4379: 4370: 4351:Keegan, John 4346: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4304:. Retrieved 4297:the original 4287: 4280: 4271: 4259: 4252:Frieser 2007 4231: 4219: 4212:Frieser 2007 4207: 4197: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4127: 4121: 4109: 4100: 4073:. Retrieved 4069:the original 4059: 4038: 4029: 3998: 3992: 3985:Frieser 2007 3980: 3973:Frieser 2007 3956: 3949:Frieser 2007 3924:Frieser 2007 3904:. Retrieved 3900:the original 3891: 3882: 3863: 3857: 3833: 3826: 3814:. Retrieved 3810:the original 3806:hrad.army.cz 3805: 3796: 3787: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3637: 3620: 3615: 3606: 3593: 3576: 3566: 3556: 3547: 3537: 3516: 3503:(fighters), 3499:(fighters), 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3431: 3414: 3327:marocchinate 3325: 3311: 3280: 3276:Italian Jews 3269: 3152: 3140: 3136:Army Liguria 3108: 3083: 3047: 3045: 3025: 2972: 2943: 2941: 2902: 2867: 2836: 2823: 2787: 2772: 2758: 2744: 2702: 2670:Adolf Hitler 2647: 2627:an armistice 2620: 2576: 2546:Gulf of Gela 2539: 2532: 2512:Soviet Union 2488: 2472: 2445: 2408:anti-fascist 2392: 2388:Vatican City 2376:Army Group C 2340:puppet state 2313: 2287:. The joint 2285:1943 to 1945 2264: 2261:World War II 2256: 2254: 2235: 2219: 2155:North Africa 2092: 2075: 2058: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2029: 2027: 1994: 1993: 1973:Chesterfield 1972: 1965: 1958: 1904: 1903: 1894:Barbara Line 1877: 1865: 1853: 1846: 1839: 1831: 1829: 1809: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1740: 1651: 1650: 1639:Indian Ocean 1600:Ecuador–Peru 1588: 1587: 1557:Middle East 1531:North Africa 1519: 1518: 1458:Asia-Pacific 1456: 1455: 1443: 1343: 1334:World War II 1278: 1269: 1260: 1238: 1214: 1213: 1196: 1187: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1051:(April 1945) 1038:722 aircraft 1027: 990: 975: 972:(March 1945) 962: 948: 938: 918:Mario Arisio 860: 840: 752: 731: 690:Oliver Leese 639: 627:Henry Wilson 625: 611: 531: 509: 508: 463: 404:South Africa 376:(until 1945) 307:Newfoundland 251: 250: 245:Belligerents 179: 169:Vatican City 110:fighting in 87: 31:Part of the 18: 8771:Bodenplatte 8657:Gothic Line 7883:West Africa 7430:Philippines 7409:Netherlands 7274:Czech lands 7212:Switzerland 7156:Afghanistan 7107:Philippines 6975:Puerto Rico 6891:Philippines 6877:New Zealand 6863:Netherlands 6816:Free France 6567:Prosecution 6368:Osoaviakhim 6238:West Africa 6222:East Africa 5869:Conferences 5272:. Penguin. 5060:Clark, Mark 4983:. Cassell. 4899:21 February 4629:Castelnuovo 4612:Brooks 2003 4575:21 February 4114:Zaloga 2006 3484:, and HMAS 3481:Maryborough 3256:Axis crimes 3209:1 July 1944 3185:1 July 1943 3087:Argenta Gap 2860:Gothic Line 2792:front, and 2774:Winter Line 2561:Guy Simonds 2460:German Army 2428:Gothic Line 2420:Winter Line 2309:Axis forces 2160:East Africa 2070:Argenta Gap 1996:Gothic Line 1906:Winter Line 1622:Air Warfare 1536:East Africa 1049:79 aircraft 1023:160,180 men 1012:439,224 men 1001:332,524 men 991:April 1945: 986:365,616 men 953:616,642 men 949:April 1945: 943:619,947 men 420:(from 1944) 407:(from 1944) 335:New Zealand 218:Territorial 144:9 July 1943 119:during the 9063:Categories 8871:West Hunan 8704:Pointblank 8040:Silver Fox 8026:Summer War 7779:Winter War 7758:Phoney War 7539:Azerbaijan 7500:Yugoslavia 7395:Luxembourg 7237:Resistance 6984:Yugoslavia 6849:Luxembourg 6651:Sook Ching 6447:War crimes 6049:Technology 6042:Opposition 5984:Lend-Lease 5961:Australian 5954:Home front 5912:Blitzkrieg 5862:Casualties 5853:Commanders 5825:Operations 5712:Liberatori 5696:airdropped 5343:B000PIBXCG 5301:0333582624 5051:0712667024 4989:B000MMKAYM 4911:References 4598:R.Brooks, 4363:0143035738 4306:29 January 3906:25 October 3816:27 October 3711:Italian SS 3487:Wollongong 3306:See also: 3260:See also: 3251:War crimes 3245:1 May 1945 3066:minefields 2580:Mount Etna 2500:Royal Navy 2384:San Marino 2332:atrocities 2225:Dodecanese 2190:Yugoslavia 2082:Collecchio 2023:Garfagnana 2008:San Marino 1923:San Pietro 1663:Yugoslavia 1644:Madagascar 1607:Antarctica 1578:Dodecanese 1398:Resistance 1366:Winter War 1356:Phoney War 446:Yugoslavia 228:" and the 165:San Marino 148:2 May 1945 8936:Manchuria 8822:Indochina 8598:Bagration 8049:Lithuania 7694:Anschluss 7491:Viet Minh 7388:Lithuania 7330:Hong Kong 7100:Manchukuo 7055:Azad Hind 6714:Australia 6514:Aftermath 6377:Paperclip 6272:Aftermath 6072:Total war 5940:Diplomacy 5903:In Europe 5290:(1992) . 5268:(2005) . 5062:(2007) . 5040:(2002) . 4835:12 August 4810:16 August 4136:cite book 3802:"History" 3725:Citations 3628:from the 3586:Waffen SS 3463:Geraldton 3418:Nepalese 3406:Footnotes 3320:(such as 3020:Massarosa 3006:civil war 2852:Impruneta 2832:open city 2815:beachhead 2779:Bernhardt 2637:were not 2456:U.S. Army 2404:anti-Nazi 2320:Mussolini 2305:surrender 2205:Palestine 2170:Gibraltar 1899:Bari raid 1854:Slapstick 1847:Avalanche 1826:Centuripe 1796:Narcissus 1768:Mincemeat 1761:Corkscrew 1514:Australia 1410:Alps 1940 1403:1944–1945 1028:Aircraft: 976:May 1944: 963:Aircraft: 939:May 1944: 478:Australia 321:Palestine 9047:Category 8996:document 8906:document 8763:Ardennes 8747:Budapest 8695:Crossbow 8573:Overlord 8412:Smolensk 7630:Timeline 7465:Slovakia 7451:Thailand 7302:Ethiopia 7267:Bulgaria 7191:Portugal 7129:Thailand 7011:Bulgaria 6789:Eswatini 6782:Ethiopia 6735:Bulgaria 6560:Unit 731 6521:Response 6338:Keelhaul 6288:Cold War 6261:Americas 6252:timeline 6245:Atlantic 6125:Theaters 5688:Archived 5650:Archived 5629:Archived 5426:(1994). 5398:(1975). 5333:(1966). 5242:(2003). 5175:(2008). 5018:(2001). 4962:(1969). 4921:(2014). 4757:23 March 4730:23 March 4508:Orgill, 4037:(1970). 3839:New York 3684:, 2,800 3571:campaign 3451:Cessnock 3334:See also 3272:partisan 3100:River Po 3002:partisan 2964:Red Army 2956:Slovenia 2905:Florence 2876:and the 2803:at Anzio 2790:Adriatic 2767:and the 2765:Volturno 2567:, under 2563:and the 2552:, under 2518:Campaign 2426:and the 2416:infantry 2350:and the 2150:Adriatic 1966:Strangle 1953:Cisterna 1810:Ladbroke 1789:Chestnut 1683:Bulgaria 1612:Atlantic 1595:Americas 1548:Adriatic 1279:Aircraft 1197:Vehicles 933:Strength 554:Chetniks 183:victory 156:Location 8973:Shumshu 8740:Hungary 8687:Estonia 8671:Lapland 8649:Dragoon 8582:Neptune 8564:Ichi-Go 8530:Tempest 8472:Changde 8427:Cottage 8319:Jubilee 8035:Finland 7933:Compass 7639:Prelude 7592:Finland 7478:Vietnam 7444:Romania 7316:Germany 7295:Estonia 7281:Denmark 7260:Belgium 7253:Austria 7246:Albania 7177:Ireland 7163:Andorra 7147:Neutral 7114:Romania 7048:Hungary 7033:Finland 6905:Romania 6797:Finland 6775:Denmark 6721:Belgium 6707:Algeria 6413:Romania 6399:Hungary 6155:Pacific 5879:General 5833:Leaders 5818:Battles 5811:Outline 5599:18 July 5557:4 March 5529:18 June 5498:18 June 5313:(ed.). 5220:(ed.). 5134:]. 5104:. BCA. 4804:Haaretz 4549:Clark, 4075:28 July 3892:cia.gov 3478:, HMAS 3475:Lismore 3472:, HMAS 3469:Ipswich 3466:, HMAS 3460:, HMAS 3454:, HMAS 3420:Gurkhas 3159:OB West 3112:Trieste 2996:as the 2960:Hungary 2942:During 2915:to the 2913:Bologna 2769:Barbara 2709:Abruzzo 2662:Taranto 2635:Salerno 2584:Palermo 2569:General 2535:Messina 2504:Balkans 2364:Cassino 2307:of the 2283:, from 2236:Dragoon 2230:Corsica 2185:Balkans 2180:Bahrain 2087:Trieste 2076:Herring 2065:Bologna 2045:Tombola 2013:Gemmano 1840:Baytown 1803:Fustian 1782:Animals 1775:Barclay 1688:Hungary 1678:Romania 1527:Africa 1427:Balkans 1422:Britain 1376:Lapland 1371:Karelia 1361:Finland 1226:150,000 1215:Sicily: 1079:119,200 1063:Sicily: 901: ( 805: ( 736: ( 527:Germany 220:changes 203:Italian 99:bazooka 97:fire a 8950:Debate 8922:Taipei 8915:Borneo 8493:Tarawa 7687:Europe 7648:Africa 7437:Poland 7423:Norway 7402:Malaya 7381:Latvia 7323:Greece 7309:France 7205:Sweden 7170:Bhutan 6898:Poland 6884:Norway 6856:Mexico 6823:Greece 6809:France 6747:Canada 6728:Brazil 6698:Allies 6644:Serbia 6633:Poland 6406:Poland 6392:Baltic 6185:Europe 5887:Topics 5839:Allied 5579:3 July 5548: 5457: 5438: 5412: 5341: 5298: 5276: 5254: 5228: 5202: 5183: 5161: 5142: 5108: 5089: 5070: 5048: 5026: 5004: 4987: 4970: 4948: 4929: 4627:& 4571:. 1944 4530:Katz, 4386: 4361: 4341:origin 4188: 4005: 3870: 3845: 3457:Gawler 3445:Cairns 3438:– the 3122:(the " 3029:Greece 2952:Vienna 2948:Venice 2937:battle 2933:Ancona 2921:Rimini 2892:, the 2794:Ortona 2783:Hitler 2731:, and 2690:Naples 2682:Foggia 2607:, and 2542:Sicily 2422:, the 2395:German 2342:, the 2273:Allied 2215:Sicily 2052:Bowler 2038:Encore 2003:Rimini 1984:Ancona 1959:Diadem 1938:Rapido 1933:Ortona 1872:Naples 1821:Troina 1617:Arctic 1449:Sicily 1351:Poland 1345:Europe 1236:27,940 1140:11,000 1131:20,000 1122:25,890 1113:32,171 1097:35,000 1088:89,440 920: 883: 865: 845: 787: 757: 581: 564: 539: 524: 475: 449:(1945) 443: 433:(1944) 431:Greece 418:Brazil 401: 389:Poland 386: 374:Canada 371: 358:France 332: 318: 304: 290: 276: 264: 253:Allies 232:(1943) 199:German 194:(1943) 181:Allied 176:Result 8726:Leyte 8556:Narva 8542:Anzio 8500:Makin 8458:Burma 8342:Torch 8311:Rzhev 8272:Kiska 7358:Korea 7344:Japan 7337:Italy 7219:Tibet 7198:Spain 7076:Italy 6837:Italy 6830:India 6754:China 6629:Japan 6229:Italy 6141:China 6093:Women 5130:[ 4972:22107 4659:p.608 4498:p. 20 4365:p.368 4357:2005 4300:(PDF) 4293:(PDF) 3694:X MAS 3442:HMAS 3401:Notes 3132:Turin 3128:Genoa 3116:Milan 2368:Anzio 2281:Italy 2175:Malta 2059:Roast 1948:Anzio 1878:Devon 1866:Achse 1698:Japan 1673:Italy 1652:Coups 1553:Malta 1497:Japan 1465:China 1444:Italy 1270:Total 1188:Total 1176:2,300 1167:3,860 1158:5,927 1149:8,668 584:Italy 460:Nepal 293:India 192:Italy 161:Italy 112:Milan 103:Lucca 8792:1945 8520:1944 8361:1943 8289:Blue 8279:Attu 8186:1942 7945:1941 7797:1940 7735:1939 7664:Asia 7511:POWs 7351:Jews 7069:Iraq 6995:Axis 6945:Tuva 6761:Cuba 5846:Axis 5601:2024 5581:2011 5559:2016 5546:ISBN 5531:2010 5500:2010 5455:ISBN 5436:ISBN 5410:ISBN 5339:ASIN 5296:ISBN 5274:ISBN 5252:ISBN 5226:ISBN 5200:ISBN 5181:ISBN 5159:ISBN 5140:ISBN 5106:ISBN 5087:ISBN 5068:ISBN 5046:ISBN 5024:ISBN 5002:ISBN 4985:ASIN 4968:OCLC 4946:ISBN 4927:ISBN 4901:2012 4837:2018 4812:2018 4759:2021 4732:2021 4577:2012 4512:, p5 4407:TIME 4384:ISBN 4359:ISBN 4308:2016 4202:202. 4186:ISBN 4142:link 4077:2011 4003:ISBN 3908:2017 3868:ISBN 3843:ISBN 3818:2017 3264:and 3035:and 2950:and 2909:Pisa 2862:and 2799:Liri 2781:and 2761:Rome 2678:Bari 2641:the 2406:and 2386:and 2366:and 2277:Axis 2275:and 2255:The 2210:Iran 2195:Iraq 1989:Elba 1928:Moro 1816:Gela 1668:Iraq 1571:Iran 1561:Iraq 1415:1944 1393:1940 511:Axis 201:and 140:Date 35:and 3619:In 3330:). 3316:), 3039:to 2664:in 2462:in 2436:WWI 2434:of 2259:of 1185:452 904:POW 808:POW 739:WIA 190:in 9065:: 8540:/ 5668:, 5517:. 5486:. 5404:. 5321:. 4887:. 4828:. 4801:. 4749:. 4722:. 4635:^ 4567:. 4538:^ 4441:^ 4405:, 4244:^ 4138:}} 4134:{{ 4085:^ 4047:^ 4017:^ 3965:^ 3931:^ 3916:^ 3894:. 3890:. 3837:. 3804:. 3786:. 3767:. 3740:. 3495:– 3490:. 3448:, 3278:. 3008:. 2727:, 2723:, 2645:. 2603:, 2599:, 2574:. 2514:. 2470:. 2450:, 2438:. 167:, 163:, 146:– 90:: 8043:) 8037:( 6911:) 6907:( 6843:) 6839:( 6803:) 6799:( 6741:) 6737:( 5791:e 5784:t 5777:v 5603:. 5583:. 5561:. 5533:. 5502:. 5463:. 5418:. 5345:. 5304:. 5282:. 5234:. 5208:. 5189:. 5167:. 5148:. 5114:. 5095:. 5076:. 5054:. 5032:. 5010:. 4991:. 4974:. 4954:. 4935:. 4903:. 4839:. 4814:. 4761:. 4734:. 4579:. 4392:. 4310:. 4144:) 4079:. 4011:. 3910:. 3876:. 3851:. 3820:. 3790:. 3771:. 3744:. 3717:. 3532:. 3426:. 3056:( 2127:e 2120:t 2113:v 1732:e 1725:t 1718:v 1324:e 1317:t 1310:v 1281:: 1272:: 1264:: 1199:: 1190:: 907:) 811:) 742:) 513:: 255::

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Italian campaign (World War II)

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