Insurgency - Knowledge

81: 2779: 3600:." There are many selective incentives that encourage insurgency and violent movements against autocratic political regimes. For example, the supply of safety as a material good can be provided by the insurgents, which abolishes the exploitation of the government and thus forms one of the main incentives. The revolutionary power can help manifest a social-political network that in return provides access to political opportunities to diverse candidates, who share a collective identity and cultural homogeneity. Also, civil wars and insurgencies can provide employment and access to services and resources that were once taken over by the autocratic regimes. 3652:(armed groups which affect the outcome, such as militias) and fourth forces (unarmed groups which affect the outcome, such as international media), who may be distinct from the core insurgents and the recognized government. While overt state sponsorship becomes less common, sponsorship by transnational groups is more common. "The nesting of insurgency within complex conflicts associated with state weakness or failure..." (See the discussion of failed states below.) Metz suggests that contemporary insurgencies have far more complex and shifting participation than traditional wars, where discrete belligerents seek a clear strategic victory. 4415: 4185:

administrator" force, often multinational, which does what some call "nation-building", but, most importantly, connects the nation to the core and empowers the natives to communicate—that communication can be likened to swarm coordination. If the state is occupied, or in civil war, another paradigm comes into play: the leviathan, a first-world military force that takes down the opposition regular forces. Leviathan is not constituted to fight local insurgencies, but major forces. Leviathan may use extensive

38: 3516: 3364: 3868: 3860: 4286:, but, rather assuming the civilizations must clash, these civilizations simply can be recognized as actors in a multinational world. In the case of Iraq, Cordesman observes that the burden is on the Islamic civilization, not unilaterally the West, if for no other reason that the civilization to which the problematic nation belongs will have cultural and linguistic context that Western civilization cannot hope to equal. 3802:

concepts associated with insurgency fit, should not ignore those ideas in their planning. Additionally, the recommendations can be applied to the strategic campaign, even if it is politically unfeasible to use precise terminology. Insurgent groups often struggle to maintain coherency and authority due to their decentralized nature, and thus rely heavily upon ethnic, religious, or ideological bounds to avoid splintering.

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Walter adds that if there is a conflict between the government and the insurgents in the form of a civil war, that can bring about a new government that is accountable to a wider range of people, who have to commit to a compromise in political bargains. According to Walter, the presence of strong influential institutions can be beneficial to prevent the repetition of civil wars, but

4912:, U.S. State Department. "Following the U.S. announcement of its intention to establish an official blockade of Confederate ports, foreign governments began to recognize the Confederacy as a belligerent in the Civil War. Great Britain granted belligerent status on May 13, 1861, Spain on June 17, and Brazil on August 1. Other foreign governments issued statements of neutrality." 4314:

examples include the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. As the European countries intervenes in the conflicts, creating asymmetry between the government forces and rebels, asymmetric conflict is the most common form of subnational conflicts and the most civil conflicts where the western countries are likely to be involved. Such interventions and their impacts can be seen in the

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have traditionally provided another means to tell the two apart. Insurgencies normally field fighting forces orders of magnitude larger than those of terrorist organizations." Insurgencies have a political purpose, and may provide social services and have an overt, even legal, political wing. Their covert wing carries out attacks on military forces with tactics such as

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generally for a political or ideological (whether secular or religious) purpose. Terrorism is a criminal act, but it is more than mere criminality. To overcome the problem of terrorism it is necessary to understand its political nature as well as its basic criminality and psychology. The United Nations needs to address both sides of this equation.

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society, while Eizenstat addresses the "gaps" that form cracks in societal stability. McCormick's model shows the interplay among the actors: insurgents, government, population and external organizations. Barnett discusses the relationship of the country with the outside world, and Cordesman focuses on the specifics of providing security.

4895:"In supporting Lincoln on this issue, the Supreme Court upheld his theory of the Civil War as an insurrection against the United States government that could be suppressed according to the rules of war. In this way the United States was able to fight the war as if it were an international war, without actually having to recognize the 3555:, wars have a rationalist explanation behind them, which explains why leaders prefer to gamble in wars and avoid peaceful bargains. Fearon states that intermediate bargains can be a problem because countries cannot easily trade territories with the spread of nationalism. Furthermore, wars can take the form of 4337:

share local information with government forces, which would allow government forces to effectively use their asymmetric advantage to target rebels. Taking the role of civilians in this framework into consideration, the government and rebels will divert resources to provide services to civilians so as

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Kilcullen describes a framework for counterinsurgency. He gives a visual overview of the actors in his model of conflicts, which he represents as a box containing an "ecosystem" defined by geographic, ethnic, economic, social, cultural, and religious characteristics. Inside the box are, among others,

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in 1977 and 1999 in Pakistan, the initial actions focused internally on the government rather than on seeking broad support. While Tomes' definition fits well with Mao's Phase I, it does not deal well with larger civil wars. Mao does assume terrorism is usually part of the early phases, but it is not

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and Stathis Kalyvas, a central objective in insurgencies is to achieve control over civilians. To exercise control armed groups apply a variety of practices, including different types of violence, dispute resolution, taxation, regulation of movement, access to aid and services, and social strictures.

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McCormick's model is designed as a tool for counterinsurgency (COIN), but develops a symmetrical view of the required actions for both the Insurgent and COIN forces to achieve success. In this way the counterinsurgency model can demonstrate how both the insurgent and COIN forces succeed or fail. The

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The heart of strengthening weak nations must come from within, and that heart will fail if they deny that the real issue is the future of their civilization, if they tolerate religious, cultural or separatist violence and terrorism when it strikes at unpopular targets, or if they continue to try to

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As in swarming, in Kilcullen's view unity of effort "depends less on a shared command and control hierarchy, and more on a shared diagnosis of the problem (i.e., the distributed knowledge of swarms), platforms for collaboration, information sharing and deconfliction. Each player must understand the

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James Fearon and David Laitin define insurgency as "a technology of military conflict characterized by small, lightly armed bands practicing guerrilla warfare from rural base areas." Austin Long defines insurgency as "the use of political and military means by irregular forces to change an existing

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Projects that address the needs of the civilians in the local communities and conditioned on information sharing by the community are more effective in reducing rebel violence. In practice, these may be smaller projects that are developed through consultation with local communities, which are also

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This pillar most engages military commanders' attention, but of course military means are applied across the model, not just in the security domain, while civilian activity is critically important in the security pillar also ... all three pillars must develop in parallel and stay in balance, while

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While not every insurgency involves terror, most involve an equally hard to define tactic, subversion. "When a country is being subverted it is not being outfought; it is being out-administered. Subversion is literally administration with a minus sign in front." The exceptional cases of insurgency

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warfare, as well as other political, economic and social actions of various kinds. Due to the blending of insurgents with the civilian population, insurgencies tend to involve considerable violence against civilians (by the state and the insurgents). State attempts to quell insurgencies frequently

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Recent studies have tried to model the conceptual architecture of insurgent warfare using computational and mathematical modelling. A recent study by Juan Camilo Bohorquez, Sean Gourley, Alexander R. Dixon, Michael Spagat, and Neil F. Johnson entitled "Common Ecology Quantifies Human Insurgency",

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parliamentary democracy by political, industrial or violent means." While insurgents do not necessarily use terror, it is hard to imagine any insurgency meeting its goals without undermining aspects of the legitimacy or power of the government or faction it opposes. Rosenau mentions a more recent

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Strategic Essay Contest, by Michael F. Morris, said "may pursue political, even revolutionary, goals, but their violence replaces rather than complements a political program." Morris made the point that the use, or non-use, of terrorism does not define insurgency, "but that organizational traits

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It is well to understand that counterterrorism, as used by Cordesman, does not mean using terrorism against the terrorism, but an entire spectrum of activities, nonviolent and violent, to disrupt an opposing terrorist organization. The French general, Joseph Gallieni, observed, while a colonial

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Without attempting a comprehensive definition of terrorism, it would be useful to delineate some broad characteristics of the phenomenon. Terrorism is, in most cases, essentially a political act. It is meant to inflict dramatic and deadly injury on civilians and to create an atmosphere of fear,

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Steven Metz observes that past models of insurgency do not perfectly fit modern insurgency, in that current instances are far more likely to have a multinational or transnational character than those of the past. Several insurgencies may belong to more complex conflicts, involving "third forces

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Institutions are responsible for checking the government, creating multiple peaceful routes to help the government solve problems, making the government committed to political terms that entails preserving peace, and creating an atmosphere where rebels do not need to form militias. Furthermore,

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in their review as conflicts where "the government forces have a clear advantage over rebels in coercive capacity." In this kind of conflicts, rebel groups can reintegrate into the civilian population after an attack if the civilians are willing to silently accept them. Some of the most recent

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In Thomas Barnett's paradigm, the world is divided into a "connected core" of nations enjoying a high level of communications among their organizations and individuals, and those nations that are disconnected internally and externally. In a reasonably peaceful situation, he describes a "system

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Social scientists, soldiers, and sources of change have been modeling insurgency for nearly a century if one starts with Mao. Counterinsurgency models, not mutually exclusive from one another, come from Kilcullen, McCormick, Barnett and Eizenstat. Kilcullen describes the "pillars" of a stable

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There may be utility in examining a war not specifically on the tactic of terror but in co-ordination among multiple national or regional insurgencies. It may be politically infeasible to refer to a conflict as an "insurgency" rather than by some more charged term, but military analysts, when

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Other than brief "Leviathan" takedowns, security building appears to need to be regional, with logistical and other technical support from more developed countries and alliances (e.g., ASEAN, NATO). Noncombat military assistance in closing the security gap begins with training, sometimes in

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Capacity: the survival needs of water, electrical power, food and public health, closely followed by education, communications and a working economic system. "An inability to do so creates a capacity gap, which can lead to a loss of public confidence and then perhaps political upheaval.

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In Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, segments of the population are cut off from their governments because of endemic insecurity. And in postconflict Iraq, critical capacity gaps exist despite the country's relative wealth and strategic

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Security: protection "... against internal and external threats, and preserving sovereignty over territory. If a government cannot ensure security, rebellious armed groups or criminal nonstate actors may use violence to exploit this security gap—as in Haiti, Nepal, and

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A country is not conquered and pacified when a military operation has decimated its inhabitants and made all heads bow in terror; the ferments of revolt will germinate in the mass and the rancours accumulated by the brutal action of force will make them grow again

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definition that suggests subversion includes measures short of violence, which still serve the purposes of insurgents. Rarely, subversion alone can change a government; this arguably happened in the liberalization of Eastern Europe. To the Communist government of

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suggests a common structure for 9 contemporary insurgent wars, supported on statistical data of more than 50,000 insurgent attacks. The model explains the recurrent statistical pattern found in the distribution of deaths in insurgent and terrorist events.

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framework to describe asymmetric conflicts on a local level. Three parties are involved in framework: government forces, rebels and civilians. Government forces and rebels attack each other and may inadvertently harm civilians whereas civilians can

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others' strengths, weaknesses, capabilities and objectives, and inter-agency teams must be structured for versatility (the ability to perform a wide variety of tasks) and agility (the ability to transition rapidly and smoothly between tasks)."

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Alignments during the heaviest fighting years of the Iraq War were very complex, with some militias supporting the new Iraq government-US coalition, and some receiving third-state state sponsorship such as Saudi-supported Sunni group the

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Anthony Cordesman notes that security requirements differ by region and state in region. Writing on the Middle East, he identified different security needs for specific areas, as well as the US interest in security in those areas.

3648:'s definition of counterinsurgency: "an interlocking system of actions—political, economic, psychological, military—that aims at the overthrow of the established authority in a country and its replacement by another regime." 3900:(between agencies or among government and non-government actors) means little in this environment." Unity of command is one of the axioms of military doctrine that change with the use of swarming:. In Edwards' 3947:

Note the similarity between Eizenstat's gaps and Kilcullen's three pillars. In the table below, do not assume that a problematic state is unable to assist less developed states while closing its own gaps.

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model's strategies and principle apply to both forces, therefore the degree the forces follow the model should have a direct correlation to the success or failure of either the Insurgent or COIN force.

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Where a revolt takes the form of armed rebellion, it may not be viewed as an insurgency if a state of belligerency exists between one or more sovereign states and rebel forces. For example, during the

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specifically recommended acts of terror, as a means of accomplishing something that fits the concept of opening the security gap. Mao considered terrorism to be part of forming a guerrilla movement.

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Innovations that increase the value of projects to local civilians, such as including development professionals in project design and implementation, will enhance the effect of violence-reducing.

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Anthony Cordesman, while speaking of the specific situation in Iraq, makes some points that can be generalized to other nations in turmoil. Cordesman recognizes some value in the groupings in

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has presented a theory that explains the role of strong institutions in preventing insurgencies that can result in civil wars. Walter believes that institutions can contribute to four goals.

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Human security, building a framework of human rights, civil institutions and individual protections, public safety (fire, ambulance, sanitation, civil defense) and population security.

3791:'s "clash of civilizations." Addressing Huntington's thesis, Fukuyama stressed that the US and its allies need to focus on specific radical groups rather than clash with global Islam. 3449:

lead to the infliction of indiscriminate violence, whereas rebel control of territory frequently involves violence against the civilian population. Insurgency sets itself apart from

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While the term "subversion" is less commonly used by current U.S. spokesmen, that may be due to the hyperbolic way it was used in the past, in a specifically anticommunist context.

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Mao considered terrorism a basic part of his first part of the three phases of revolutionary warfare. Several insurgency models recognize that completed acts of terrorism widen the

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Berman, Eli; Callen, Michael; Felter, Joseph H.; Shapiro, Jacob N. (2011-08-01). "Do Working Men Rebel? Insurgency and Unemployment in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Philippines".

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The counterinsurgency strategy can be described as efforts to end the insurgency by a campaign developed in balance along three "pillars": security, political, and economical.

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did in April 1962, when he declared that urgent action was required before the "enemy's subversive politico-military teams find fertile spawning grounds for their fish eggs."

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as a sovereign state, but it was recognized as a belligerent power, and thus Confederate warships were given the same rights as United States warships in foreign ports.

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explains that participants in high-risk activism are very aware of the costs and benefits of engaging in civil wars. Wood suggests that "participants in the 1964

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political order. These forces typically mingle with civilians in order to hide from the forces defending the political order." According to Matthew Adam Kocher,

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Insurgencies, according to Stuart Eizenstat grow out of "gaps". To be viable, a state must be able to close three "gaps", of which the first is most important:

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Before one counters an insurgency, one must understand what one is countering. Typically the most successful counter-insurgencies have been the British in the

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While it may be reasonable to consider transnational insurgency, Anthony Cordesman points out some of the myths in trying to have a worldwide view of terror:

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Both Kilcullen and Eizenstat define a more abstract goal than does Cordesman. Kilcullen's security pillar is roughly equivalent to Eizenstat's security gap:

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Insurgencies differ in their use of tactics and methods. In a 2004 article, Robert R. Tomes spoke of four elements that "typically encompass an insurgency":

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wrote "We must distinguish Al Qa'eda and the broader militant movements it symbolises – entities that use terrorism – from the tactic of terrorism itself."

3441:) where they gradually expand territorial control and military forces. Insurgency frequently hinges on control of and collaboration with local populations. 5653: 5796: 4910:

Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of the Historian -> Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History -> 1861–1865:The Blockade of Confederate Ports, 1861–1865

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These implications are tested by empirical evidences from conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and several other subnational conflicts. Further research on

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Legitimacy: closing the legitimacy gap is more than an incantation of "democracy" and "elections", but a government that is perceived to exist by the

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for the Policy Working Group on the United Nations and Terrorism. Reporting to the Secretary-General in 2002, the Working Group stated the following:

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Often, but not always, states or groups that aid one side or the other are outside the box. Outside-the-box intervention has dynamics of its own.

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specialized areas such as intelligence. More direct, but still noncombat support, includes intelligence, planning, logistics and communications.

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adversary. Due to this asymmetry, insurgents avoid large-scale direct battles, opting instead to blend in with the civilian population (often in

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are less likely to accept the emergence of strong institutions because of their resulting constraint of governmental corruption and privileges.

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at the tactical level, but its dispatch is a strategic decision that may be made unilaterally, or by an established group of the core such as

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governments, counterinsurgent forces, insurgent leaders, insurgent forces, and the general population, which is made up of three groups:

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If either side of the government forces or rebels causes casualties among civilians, civilians will reduce their support for that side.

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The government and rebels have an incentive to provide services to civilians, which increases with the value of the information shared.

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Fjelde, Hanne; Nilsson, Desirée (September 2018). "The rise of rebel contenders: Barriers to entry and fragmentation in civil wars".

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Information can be shared anonymously without endangering the civilians who do so and civilians are assumed to respond to incentives.

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Fukuyama argued that political means, rather than direct military measures, are the most effective ways to defeat that insurgency.

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by aiming for political control rather than resorting to indiscriminate violence, however, it may incorporate terrorist tactics.

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Military security (securing the population from attack or intimidation by guerrillas, bandits, terrorists or other armed groups)

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Thomas Willis, "Lessons from the past: successful British counterinsurgency operations in Malaya 1948–1960", July–August 2005,

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Police security (community policing, police intelligence or "Special Branch" activities, and paramilitary police field forces).

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is one example of a recognized government versus multiple groups of insurgents. Other historic insurgencies, such as the

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Innovations that make anonymous tips to the government easier, of which are often technical, can reduce rebel violence.

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The Indirect Approach: the role of Aviation Foreign Internal Defense in Combating Terrorism in Weak and Failing States

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Security provided by the government and service provision (i.e. development spending) are complementary activities.

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Yet another conflict of definitions involves insurgency versus terrorism. The winning essay of the 24th Annual

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without subversion are those where there is no accepted government that is providing administrative services.

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Many insurgencies include terrorism. While there is no accepted definition of terrorism in international law,

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Neither side of government forces and rebels will actively target civilians with coercion or intimidation.

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Cooperation can be based on trust and common values: one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter.

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French Revolutionary Warfare from Indochina to Algeria: The Analysis of a Political and Military Doctrine

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All of these interact, and the different elements have to assess their best options in a set of actions:

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multifaceted attempts to cultivate support in the general population, often by undermining the new regime

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Internal instability and security issues do not require compartmentation and secrecy at national level.

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Sometimes there may be two or more simultaneous insurgencies (multipolar) occurring in a country. The

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and to have better informed decisions made at the tactical, strategic and public policy levels.

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ran high risks of bodily harm in challenging the long-standing practices of racial exclusion in

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Secretary General's Policy Working Group on the United Nations and Terrorism (December 2004),

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used to foster insecurity among the population and drive them to the insurgents for protection

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Tomes' is an example of a definition that does not cover all insurgencies. For example, the

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The Importance of Building Local Capabilities: Lessons from the Counterinsurgency in Iraq

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The Pentagon's New Map: The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-first Century

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Eizenstat, Stuart E.; Porter, John Edward; Weinstein, Jeremy M. (January–February 2005).

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Clauset A, Gleditsch KS (2012), "The Developmental Dynamics of Terrorist Organizations",

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Other states can be counted on to keep information secure and use it to mutual advantage.

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In most environments, a capacity gap coexists with—or even grows out of—a security gap.

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Bohorquez; et al. (December 2009), "Common Ecology Quantifies Human Insurgency",

3491:. At the same time, there was another separatist movement for the independence of the 5997: 5918: 5881: 5623: 5561: 5378: 5153: 5131: 5020: 4969: 4926: 4885: 4816: 4780: 4775: 4714: 4669: 4655: 4614: 4486: 4471: 4466: 4405: 4302: 3707: 3629: 3563: 3480: 3476: 3414: 3331: 3301: 3269: 3209: 3041: 2936: 2926: 2856: 2831: 2702: 2465: 2445: 2243: 2175: 2033: 1942: 1889: 1792: 1782: 1777: 1747: 1730: 1725: 1698: 1643: 1344: 1334: 1329: 1319: 1239: 1229: 1224: 1199: 1169: 1059: 1029: 1024: 1014: 1009: 999: 914: 867: 837: 676: 469: 446: 380: 6009: 5875: 5372: 5093: 4989: 4830: 4807:. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4734: 2904: 2002: 5989: 5960: 5770: 5613: 5603: 5573: 5553: 5494: 5398: 5119: 5073: 5012: 4959: 4808: 4770: 4704: 4696: 4647: 4626: 4606: 4319: 4290:

export the blame for their own failures to other nations, religions, and cultures.

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Walter, Barbara (March 31, 2014). "Why Bad Governance Leads to Repeat Civil War".

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This framework leads to five major implications for counterinsurgency strategies:

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These points are emphasized in many works on insurgency, including Peter Paret,

4392:, attitudes, dynamics and agency between allies are needed to better understand 3671: 3667: 3586: 3434: 2993: 2894: 2884: 2507: 2425: 2358: 2292: 2190: 2125: 1992: 1740: 1164: 1124: 1102: 1089: 1079: 1049: 966: 919: 722: 713: 604: 557: 537: 527: 497: 464: 352: 309: 264: 136: 69: 5661:. U.S. Government Counterinsurgency Conference, Washington D.C. Archived from 5077: 4700: 4610: 3830:

Global and regional cooperation is the natural basis for international action.

6059: 6001: 5993: 5498: 5123: 4973: 4812: 4784: 4718: 4618: 4434: 4418: 3772: 3684: 3590: 3530: 3515: 2988: 2921: 2485: 2220: 1839: 1827: 1683: 1603: 1519: 1502: 1359: 1214: 1194: 877: 872: 852: 832: 747: 718: 693: 569: 547: 532: 507: 347: 269: 232: 227: 124: 37: 5704: 5627: 5565: 5039:

Bahiss, Ibraheem; Jackson, Ashley; Mayhew, Leigh; Weigand, Florian (2022).

4338:

to influence their decision about sharing information with the government.

4305:), as the emerging type of insurgencies in recent history, is described by 4241: 4215: 3988:

Continuing development of working institutions. Focused private investment

3552: 2495: 2420: 2026: 1952: 1932: 1927: 1822: 1767: 1401: 1396: 1219: 1134: 882: 616: 517: 314: 218: 4651: 3896:"Obviously enough, you cannot command what you do not control. Therefore, 4964: 4947: 4389: 4052: 4040: 4024: 3991: 3978: 3597: 3316: 2408: 2403: 2307: 1937: 1688: 1653: 1492: 1179: 1144: 857: 800: 703: 487: 208: 203: 5782: 5557: 5200: 4981: 4726: 4684: 4362:

Rebel violence may be reduced by service provision from the government.

3363: 5085: 4757:

Kocher, Matthew Adam; Pepinsky, Thomas B.; Kalyvas, Stathis N. (2011).

4709: 4422: 4385: 4325: 4306: 4080: 4076: 4056: 4044: 3719: 3636:, little to no attempt was made to terrorize civilians. In consecutive 3438: 3338: 2770: 2455: 2413: 1894: 1864: 1586: 955: 5003:

Long, Austin (2018), Gheciu, Alexandra; Wohlforth, William C. (eds.),

3827:

The "war on terrorism" creates common priorities and needs for action.

5774: 4509:

Unconventional warfare (United States Department of Defense doctrine)

4032: 4007: 3859: 3779:

said the United States was not fighting terrorism generically, as in

3732: 3661: 3645: 3615: 3571: 3556: 3450: 3418: 3410: 2951: 2889: 2065: 1884: 1708: 1658: 1608: 1598: 1593: 1458: 1249: 1244: 1209: 651: 337: 304: 193: 42: 5699: 5041:"Rethinking armed group control: Towards a new conceptual framework" 3867: 5754:; John Edward Porter; Jeremy M. Weinstein (January–February 2005), 4084: 4048: 3999: 3780: 3526: 2983: 2388: 2098: 1899: 1874: 1507: 1139: 1114: 732: 287: 161: 3836:

Human rights and rule of law differences do not limit cooperation.

5434:

Countering Global Insurgency: A Strategy for the War on Terrorism

5064:

Fearon, James (Summer 1995). "Rationalist Explanations for War".

4643:

How Insurgency Begins: Rebel Group Formation in Uganda and Beyond

4234: 4134: 4117: 4109: 4060: 4003: 3842:

Co-operation can be separated from financial needs and resources.

2946: 2879: 2440: 2378: 1909: 1869: 1633: 1467: 1463: 810: 795: 671: 332: 327: 297: 236: 198: 5927:, Center for Strategic and International Studies, archived from 5521:, Center for Strategic and International Studies, archived from 30:"Insurgent" and "Insurgence" redirect here. For other uses, see 6038: 5404:

Phase III in the War on Terrorism: Challenges and Opportunities

4310: 4230: 4222: 4097: 4011: 3756: 3696: 2941: 2475: 1416: 817: 634: 370: 3644:

Tomes offers an indirect definition of insurgency, drawn from

5326:"The Theory and Practice of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency" 4345:

The consequential action of civilians is information sharing.

4237:, but can improve security cooperation with all these states. 4226: 4194: 4172:

Disrupt opponent's relations with the international community

4105: 4072: 4068: 4028: 3995: 3812:

A definition of terrorism exists that can be accepted by all.

3521: 3488: 892: 428: 423: 4421:

counterinsurgency forces demonstrating tactics used against

4190: 4036: 3974: 3496: 3484: 2978: 188: 183: 5374:

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order

5038: 5979: 4882:

The Oxford Guide to United States Supreme Court Decisions

4759:"Aerial Bombing and Counterinsurgency in the Vietnam War" 4274:

being firmly based in an effective information campaign.

3904:

model, as in Kilcullen's mode, unity of command becomes "

61: 5821: 5150:

Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador

4175:

Establish relationships with the international community

5585: 5461:

An Alternate Military Strategy for the War on Terrorism

5152:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–30. 3910:

at best, and collaboration or deconfliction at least."

3766: 5837:(1). Council on Foreign Relations: 136. Archived from 5510: 5508: 4923:

Power and stability: British foreign policy, 1865–1965

3821:

International institutions are secure and trustworthy.

3670:-sponsored working definitions include one drafted by 45:

insurgent next to a propaganda poster during the 1944

5917: 5706:

FM 3–0, Operations (with included Change 1)

5367: 4756: 4293: 4179: 3579:

Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in Salvador

5870: 5248:, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College 3833:

Legal systems are compatible enough for cooperation.

5900: 5505: 4366:

more easily revoked when information is not shared.

3421:. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its 5794: 5733: 5457: 5363: 5361: 5224:Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency 4946:Kalyvas, Stathis N.; Kocher, Matthew Adam (2007). 5854: 3968:Militarily strong but weak in other institutions 3886:those who simply wish to get on with their lives. 6057: 5467:, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, archived from 5194: 5192: 5190: 4433:and the Filipino government's countering of the 4142:The model depicts four key elements or players: 5894: 5804:, Air Command and Staff College, archived from 5358: 4682: 4341:The framework is based on several assumptions: 3703: 5946: 5911: 5744: 5681:"Patterns of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency" 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5345: 5343: 4646:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 17–18. 4166:Disrupt opponent's control over the population 4149:Counterinsurgency force (i.e., the government) 3738:In a Western context, Rosenau cites a British 5947:Berman, Eli; Matanock, Aila M. (2015-05-11). 5678: 5484: 5421: 5187: 5011:, Oxford University Press, pp. 546–561, 5009:The Oxford Handbook of International Security 4945: 3917: 3386: 2739: 2034: 5859:, RAND Corporation, Document Number: P-7297. 5727: 5391: 5227:, Editions de la Table Ronde, archived from 5198: 4915: 4683:Kalyvas, Stathis N.; Balcells, Laia (2010). 4592: 3641:always present in revolutionary insurgency. 3546: 5633: 5340: 4593:Fearon, James D.; Laitin, David D. (2003). 3863:Kilcullen Figure 1: Ecosystem of Insurgency 3742:definition as "a generalized intention to ( 3413:by small, lightly armed bands who practice 5354:, RAND National Defense Research Institute 5307: 5301: 5278: 4125: 3393: 3379: 2746: 2732: 2041: 2027: 5964: 5848: 5740:, PhD thesis, Pardee RAND Graduate School 5648: 5617: 5607: 5535: 5515:Cordesman, Anthony H. (29 October 2007), 5514: 5427: 5274:(1 & 2), (A/57/273-S/2002/875, annex) 5217: 5211: 5166: 4963: 4899:existence of the Confederate government." 4774: 4708: 4200: 3883:those committed to the counterinsurgents; 5788: 5451: 5397: 5317: 5235: 4413: 4133: 3866: 3858: 3514: 2201:Special-interest / Single-issue 1005:List of military strategies and concepts 36: 5864: 5857:The Shining Path and Peruvian terrorism 5579: 5518:Security Cooperation in the Middle East 5410:, Brookings Institution, archived from 5349: 4874: 4800: 4320:French-led intervention in Mali in 2013 3561:Why Bad Governance Leads to Civil Wars, 14: 6058: 5529: 5284: 5252: 5175:"Relearning Counterinsurgency Warfare" 5109: 5063: 4595:"Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War" 3971:Lower tensions before working on gaps 3854: 2549:Charities accused of ties to terrorism 27:Revolt or uprising by irregular forces 5966:10.1146/annurev-polisci-082312-124553 5942: 5940: 5938: 5901:McClintock, Michael (November 2005), 5734:Edwards, Sean J.A. (September 2004), 5693: 5172: 5143: 5141: 5105: 5103: 5059: 5057: 5017:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.013.36 4921:Goldstein, Erik; McKercher, B. J. C. 4902: 4884:, Oxford University Press US, 2001, 4763:American Journal of Political Science 4689:The American Political Science Review 4639: 4541:Islamic insurgency in the Philippines 4399: 3763:appeared subversive but not violent. 3706:; the Marxist guerrilla theoretician 3688:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 5701:Headquarters, Department of the Army 5672: 5458:Canonico, Peter J. (December 2004), 5241: 5147: 5002: 4796: 4794: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4588: 4586: 3767:Political rhetoric, myths and models 3612:cell-networks that maintain secrecy 24: 6052:by Ben Connable, Martin C. Libicki 5953:Annual Review of Political Science 5935: 5679:Lynn, John A. (July–August 2005), 5655:Three Pillars of Counterinsurgency 5138: 5100: 5054: 4804:The Logic of Violence in Civil War 4521:List of revolutions and rebellions 4294:Asymmetric and irregular conflicts 4180:Barnett and connecting to the core 3880:those committed to the insurgents; 3815:Intelligence can be freely shared. 25: 6082: 6031: 5795:Sagraves, Robert D (April 2005), 5311:Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla 4791: 4741: 4599:American Political Science Review 4583: 4163:Gaining support of the population 6037: 5323: 4847:, Pall Mall Press, London, 1964. 4776:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00498.x 4536:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 4102:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3444:An insurgency can be fought via 3362: 2777: 79: 6016: 5973: 5815: 5478: 5032: 4996: 4939: 4559: 4316:NATO operation in Libya in 2011 3632:had no cell system, and in the 5982:Journal of Conflict Resolution 5737:Swarming and the Future of War 5296:United States Army War College 5205:Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung 4858:"The A to Z of military terms" 4850: 4837: 4676: 4633: 4531:Insurgency in North East India 4169:Direct action against opponent 3952:Rough classification of states 3624:attacks against the government 13: 1: 5949:"The Empiricists' Insurgency" 5904:Great Power Counterinsurgency 4577: 3713: 3510: 3462:Confederate States of America 3429:face a large, well-equipped, 5609:10.1371/journal.pone.0048633 5332:(April 1965), archived from 5242:Metz, Steven (5 June 2007), 5048:ODI / Centre on Armed Groups 4801:Kalyvas, Stathis N. (2006). 3771:In arguing against the term 3655: 7: 5308:Marighella, Carlos (1969), 5285:Morris, Michael F. (2005), 4444: 3740:Secret Intelligence Service 3483:there were two main sides: 2544:Designated terrorist groups 1498:Military–industrial complex 977:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 6087: 5861:often called Magic Diamond 5855:McCormick, Gordon (1987), 5268:Focus on Crime and Society 5066:International Organization 4526:Hearts and Minds (Vietnam) 4403: 4328:and Matanock suggested an 4138:McCormick insurgency model 3918:Eizenstat and closing gaps 3717: 3659: 3603: 2713:Anti-terrorism legislation 32:Insurgent (disambiguation) 29: 5487:Journal of Peace Research 5352:Subversion and Insurgency 5350:Rosenau, William (2007), 5207:, Foreign Languages Press 5173:Tomes, Robert R. (2004), 5078:10.1017/s0020818300033324 4701:10.1017/S0003055410000286 4611:10.1017/S0003055403000534 4546:South Thailand insurgency 4462:Insurrectionary anarchism 4457:Fourth generation warfare 3871:Kilcullen's Three Pillars 3839:Most needs are identical. 3637: 3547:Insurgency and civil wars 2708:International conventions 2615:State-sponsored terrorism 1562:Loss-of-strength gradient 419:Combat information center 5994:10.1177/0022002710393920 5824:"Rebuilding Weak States" 5756:"Rebuilding Weak States" 5499:10.1177/0022343318767497 5377:. Simon & Schuster. 5330:Naval War College Review 5148:Wood, Elisabeth (2003). 5124:10.1177/0022002714528006 4813:10.1017/cbo9780511818462 4640:Lewis, Janet I. (2020). 4552: 4499:Foreign internal defense 4410:Foreign internal defense 3963:Representative examples 3505:period from 1998 to 2006 2571:Violent non-state actors 1880:Military science fiction 1365:Technology and equipment 786:List of military tactics 4482:Violent non-state actor 4439:Philippine–American War 4249:administrator in 1898, 4155:International community 4126:McCormick Magic Diamond 3941:consent of the governed 3730:U.S. Secretary of State 2826:By other characteristic 2313:Clandestine cell system 1948:Wartime sexual violence 1704:Full-spectrum dominance 1515:Supply-chain management 5288:Al Qaeda as Insurgency 4426: 4284:clash of civilizations 4276: 4256: 4201:Cordesman and security 4139: 4021:Close one or two gaps 3872: 3864: 3681: 3572:autocratic governments 3534: 3533:between 1671 and 1711. 2481:Propaganda of the deed 1860:Awards and decorations 1833:Peace through strength 1808:Low-intensity conflict 1442:Conscientious objector 1315:Area of responsibility 49: 5919:Cordesman, Anthony H. 5703:(22 February 2011) . 5652:(28 September 2006). 5369:Huntington, Samuel P. 5245:Rethinking Insurgency 5199:Mao Tse-tung (1967), 4652:10.1017/9781108855969 4568:Islamic State in Iraq 4477:Revolutionary warfare 4417: 4271: 4251: 4137: 4065:Republic of the Congo 3870: 3862: 3676: 3518: 3128:Bulgarian unification 2804:Counter-revolutionary 2697:Response to terrorism 2318:Leaderless resistance 452:Torpedo data computer 442:Ship gun fire-control 40: 6050:How Insurgencies End 6046:at Wikimedia Commons 5907:, Human Rights First 5872:Barnett, Thomas P.M. 5752:Eizenstat, Stuart E. 5336:on December 12, 2012 5112:Conflict Resolutions 5005:"Counter Insurgency" 4965:10.1353/wp.2007.0023 4394:asymmetric conflicts 4299:Asymmetric conflicts 4280:Samuel P. Huntington 3773:Global War on Terror 3495:region headed up by 3409:is a violent, armed 2900:Contentious politics 2771:Political revolution 2136:Right-wing/Far-right 1978:Military occupations 1813:Military engineering 1715:Unrestricted Warfare 1572:Force multiplication 470:Military manoeuvrers 5600:2012PLoSO...748633C 5558:10.1038/nature08631 5550:2009Natur.462..911B 5201:"On Protracted War" 4925:, Routledge, 2003, 4330:information-centric 4303:irregular conflicts 3953: 3855:Kilcullen's pillars 3634:American Revolution 3583:Elisabeth Jean Wood 3369:Politics portal 2718:Terrorism insurance 2519:Rockets and mortars 2259:Resistance movement 1664:Penal military unit 1649:Rules of engagement 1325:Command and control 950:Operations research 414:Director (military) 404:Fire-control system 174:Command and control 55:Part of a series on 6071:Military doctrines 5921:(August 1, 2006), 5712:. Washington, DC: 5668:on April 14, 2008. 5324:Fall, Bernard B., 4493:National doctrines 4452:Asymmetric warfare 4427: 4400:Counter-insurgency 4140: 3951: 3873: 3865: 3535: 3458:American Civil War 3446:counter-insurgency 3344:Second Arab Spring 2364:Aircraft hijacking 2121:Left-wing/Far-left 1773:Counter-insurgency 1694:Command of the sea 1639:Jewish laws on war 1614:Geneva Conventions 1150:Divide and conquer 945:Military operation 910:Tactical objective 409:Fire-control radar 386:Electronic-warfare 50: 6042:Media related to 6024:Infantry Magazine 5931:on April 10, 2008 5880:, Berkley Trade, 5544:(7275): 911–914, 5399:Fukuyama, Francis 5026:978-0-19-877785-4 4931:978-0-7146-8442-0 4890:978-0-19-513924-2 4822:978-0-521-85409-2 4661:978-1-108-47966-0 4487:COIN (board game) 4472:Political warfare 4467:Irregular warfare 4406:Counterinsurgency 4123: 4122: 3789:Samuel Huntington 3708:Carlos Marighella 3630:French Revolution 3564:Barbara F. Walter 3559:. In her article 3503:, especially the 3481:Angolan Civil War 3477:Russian Civil War 3417:against a larger 3415:guerrilla warfare 3403: 3402: 2937:Mass mobilization 2927:Guerrilla warfare 2756: 2755: 2703:Counter-terrorism 2688: 2687: 2446:Individual terror 2267: 2266: 2244:Violent extremism 2051: 2050: 1943:Horses in warfare 1890:Anti-war movement 1793:Gunboat diplomacy 1783:Disaster response 1731:Philosophy of war 1726:Principles of war 1699:Deterrence theory 1644:Right of conquest 1567:Lanchester's laws 1335:Principles of war 1025:Counter-offensive 1010:Military campaign 915:Target saturation 838:Counterinsurgency 447:Gun data computer 381:Close air support 343:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 6078: 6041: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6013: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5944: 5933: 5932: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5828: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5803: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5775:10.2307/20034213 5760: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5711: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5660: 5650:Kilcullen, David 5646: 5631: 5630: 5621: 5611: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5525:on 10 April 2008 5512: 5503: 5502: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5466: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5440:, archived from 5439: 5429:Kilcullen, David 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5409: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5265: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5219:Trinquier, Roger 5215: 5209: 5208: 5196: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5118:(7): 1242–1272. 5107: 5098: 5097: 5061: 5052: 5051: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4967: 4943: 4937: 4919: 4913: 4906: 4900: 4880:Hall, Kermit L. 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4854: 4848: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4778: 4754: 4739: 4738: 4712: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4590: 4571: 4563: 3985:Good performers 3954: 3950: 3898:unity of command 3777:Francis Fukuyama 3589:campaign in the 3525:were armed anti- 3501:Somali Civil War 3431:regular military 3427:irregular forces 3395: 3388: 3381: 3367: 3366: 3220:Hungarian (1956) 3052:Spanish American 2781: 2758: 2757: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2565: 2564: 2538:Terrorist groups 2520: 2254:Militia movement 2221:Green/Ecological 2126:Narcotics-driven 2104: 2103: 2053: 2052: 2043: 2036: 2029: 1798:Humanitarian aid 1736:Security dilemma 1557:Power projection 1340:Economy of force 1320:Chain of command 1035:Defence in depth 1020:Commerce raiding 843:Defeat in detail 179:Defense ministry 83: 74: 73: 64: 52: 51: 21: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6056: 6055: 6034: 6029: 6021: 6017: 5978: 5974: 5945: 5936: 5916: 5912: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5869: 5865: 5853: 5849: 5841: 5831:Foreign Affairs 5826: 5820: 5816: 5808: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5763:Foreign Affairs 5758: 5749: 5745: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5709: 5698: 5694: 5688:Military Review 5683: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5658: 5647: 5634: 5584: 5580: 5534: 5530: 5513: 5506: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5444: 5437: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5407: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5366: 5359: 5348: 5341: 5322: 5318: 5306: 5302: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5263: 5257: 5253: 5240: 5236: 5216: 5212: 5197: 5188: 5177: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5146: 5139: 5108: 5101: 5062: 5055: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5001: 4997: 4944: 4940: 4920: 4916: 4907: 4903: 4879: 4875: 4866: 4864: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4838: 4823: 4799: 4792: 4755: 4742: 4681: 4677: 4662: 4638: 4634: 4591: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4504:Reagan Doctrine 4447: 4431:Malay Emergency 4412: 4402: 4296: 4282:'s idea of the 4203: 4182: 4146:Insurgent force 4128: 4094:Close all gaps 3920: 3907:unity of effort 3857: 3796:David Kilcullen 3769: 3722: 3716: 3664: 3658: 3606: 3553:James D. Fearon 3549: 3540:Thomas Pepinsky 3513: 3473:Iraq insurgency 3399: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3012: 3004: 3003: 2875: 2867: 2866: 2827: 2819: 2818: 2789: 2752: 2723: 2722: 2698: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2609: 2580:State terrorism 2562: 2554: 2553: 2539: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2525:Vehicle-ramming 2518: 2353: 2351: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2249:Ethnic violence 2230: 2195: 2140: 2101: 2090: 2047: 2018: 2017: 1968: 1958: 1957: 1923: 1915: 1914: 1855: 1845: 1844: 1818:Multilateralism 1803:Law enforcement 1763: 1753: 1752: 1721:Just war theory 1679: 1669: 1668: 1619:Geneva Protocol 1589: 1579: 1578: 1552: 1542: 1541: 1483: 1473: 1472: 1380: 1370: 1369: 1310: 1300: 1299: 1265: 1255: 1254: 1185:Network-centric 1105: 1095: 1094: 1002: 992: 991: 940: 930: 929: 878:Rapid dominance 783: 773: 772: 728:Electromagnetic 637: 627: 626: 613: 566: 514: 490: 480: 479: 475:Combat training 456: 433: 399:Combat systems: 395: 357: 353:Auxiliary ships 319: 279: 275:Military police 241: 164: 154: 153: 93: 67: 66: 65: 60: 47:Warsaw Uprising 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6084: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6054: 6053: 6047: 6033: 6032:External links 6030: 6028: 6027: 6015: 5988:(4): 496–528. 5972: 5934: 5910: 5893: 5890:, Barnett-2005 5887:978-0425202395 5886: 5863: 5847: 5844:on 2011-06-04. 5814: 5787: 5743: 5726: 5692: 5671: 5632: 5594:(11): e48633, 5578: 5528: 5504: 5493:(5): 551–565. 5477: 5450: 5420: 5390: 5384:978-0684811642 5383: 5357: 5339: 5316: 5300: 5277: 5251: 5234: 5210: 5186: 5165: 5158: 5137: 5099: 5072:(3): 379–414. 5053: 5031: 5025: 4995: 4958:(2): 177–216. 4952:World Politics 4938: 4914: 4901: 4873: 4849: 4836: 4821: 4790: 4769:(2): 201–218. 4740: 4695:(3): 415–429. 4675: 4660: 4632: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4401: 4398: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4295: 4292: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4219: 4202: 4199: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4095: 4092: 4091:Failed states 4088: 4087: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4014: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3916: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3856: 3853: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3768: 3765: 3744:emphasis added 3718:Main article: 3715: 3712: 3672:Alex P. Schmid 3668:United Nations 3660:Main article: 3657: 3654: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3605: 3602: 3587:Freedom Summer 3548: 3545: 3519:The so-called 3512: 3509: 3466:not recognized 3425:nature: small 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3101:Italian states 3093: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2994:Tax resistance 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2895:Class conflict 2892: 2887: 2885:Civil disorder 2882: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2508:Suicide attack 2505: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2441:Hostage-taking 2438: 2433: 2428: 2426:Cyberterrorism 2423: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2386: 2376: 2371: 2361: 2359:Agro-terrorism 2355: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2293:Radicalization 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2235:Related topics 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2180:Salafi-Wahhabi 2173: 2168: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2045: 2038: 2031: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1983:Military terms 1980: 1975: 1969: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1741:Tripwire force 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1266: 1263:Administrative 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1190:New generation 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1165:Fleet in being 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1106: 1103:Grand strategy 1101: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1090:Scorched earth 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1003: 998: 997: 994: 993: 990: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 967:Deep operation 964: 959: 952: 947: 941: 936: 935: 932: 931: 928: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 896: 895: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 814: 813: 808: 803: 793: 784: 779: 778: 775: 774: 771: 770: 768:Unconventional 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 716: 714:Disinformation 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 685: 684: 679: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 638: 633: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 619: 612: 611: 610: 609: 608: 607: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 565: 564: 563: 562: 561: 560: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 513: 512: 511: 510: 505: 500: 491: 486: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 472: 467: 465:Basic training 462: 455: 454: 449: 444: 439: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 394: 393: 391:Reconnaissance 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 356: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 318: 317: 312: 310:Special forces 307: 302: 301: 300: 290: 285: 278: 277: 272: 267: 265:Reconnaissance 262: 257: 252: 247: 240: 239: 230: 225: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 165: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149: 144: 134: 133: 132: 127: 117: 116: 115: 108:Post-classical 105: 100: 94: 89: 88: 85: 84: 76: 75: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6083: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6025: 6019: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5906: 5905: 5897: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5858: 5851: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811:on 2008-04-14 5807: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5739: 5738: 5730: 5715: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5664: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5474:on 2008-04-14 5470: 5463: 5462: 5454: 5447:on 2006-05-26 5443: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5417:on 2007-06-15 5413: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5353: 5346: 5344: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5312: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5246: 5238: 5231:on 2008-01-12 5230: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5159:9780511808685 5155: 5151: 5144: 5142: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5060: 5058: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4911: 4905: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4863: 4862:The Economist 4859: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4587: 4582: 4569: 4562: 4558: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435:Huk Rebellion 4432: 4424: 4420: 4419:Nigerian Army 4416: 4411: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4198: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4136: 4132: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3869: 3861: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3685:United States 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3653: 3649: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577:In her book, 3575: 3573: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3551:According to 3544: 3541: 3532: 3531:Royal Hungary 3528: 3524: 3523: 3517: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2989:Strike action 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2922:Direct action 2920: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2910:Demonstration 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2675:United States 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 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Retrieved 4861: 4852: 4844: 4839: 4803: 4766: 4762: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4642: 4635: 4605:(1): 75–90. 4602: 4598: 4561: 4515:Case studies 4514: 4513: 4492: 4491: 4428: 4383: 4354: 4340: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4297: 4288: 4277: 4272: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242:Persian Gulf 4216:North Africa 4208: 4204: 4183: 4158: 4141: 4129: 4018:Weak states 3946: 3936:importance." 3932: 3921: 3912: 3905: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3874: 3849: 3845: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3770: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3727: 3723: 3704:security gap 3701: 3682: 3677: 3665: 3650: 3643: 3627: 3607: 3578: 3576: 3568: 3560: 3550: 3536: 3520: 3470: 3455: 3443: 3406: 3404: 3255:People Power 2972:Disobedience 2931: 2665:Saudi Arabia 2659:Soviet Union 2595:Soviet Union 2450: 2421:Bioterrorism 2384:Animal-borne 1953:Fifth column 1933:War resister 1928:Women in war 1823:Peacekeeping 1768:Arms control 1713: 1402:Mobilization 1397:Conscription 1355:Intelligence 1308:Organization 954: 883:Encirclement 763:Radiological 699:Conventional 553:Subterranean 460:Development: 459: 436: 398: 360: 323:Naval units: 322: 315:Signal corps 282: 260:Intelligence 245:Specialties: 244: 169:Organization 120:Early modern 18:Insurgencies 5959:: 443–464. 4710:10261/45454 4390:rule of law 4335:anonymously 4053:Philippines 4041:Ivory Coast 4025:Afghanistan 3992:El Salvador 3979:North Korea 3957:State type 3598:Mississippi 3439:rural areas 3317:Arab Spring 2915:Human chain 2905:Coup d'état 2814:Proletarian 2308:Death squad 2211:Suffragette 2131:Nationalist 2076:Definitions 1938:War studies 1761:Non-warfare 1689:Appeasement 1654:Martial law 1493:War economy 1432:Transgender 1385:Recruitment 1145:Containment 1030:Culminating 938:Operational 858:Envelopment 801:Air assault 682:Air cavalry 642:Air defence 622:Information 523:Cold-region 488:Battlespace 437:Historical: 283:Land units: 209:Space force 204:Coast guard 137:Late modern 98:Prehistoric 6066:Insurgency 6060:Categories 6044:Insurgency 5769:(1): 134, 5182:Parameters 4867:2023-12-18 4578:References 4423:Boko Haram 4404:See also: 4386:governance 4152:Population 4081:Uzbekistan 4077:Tajikistan 4057:Kyrgyzstan 4045:Kazakhstan 3761:Solidarity 3720:Subversion 3714:Subversion 3557:civil wars 3529:rebels in 3511:Definition 3423:asymmetric 3407:insurgency 3339:Euromaidan 3287:Bolivarian 3235:Nicaraguan 3215:Guatemalan 3153:Young Turk 3133:Philippine 2962:Nonviolent 2957:Resistance 2932:Insurgency 2842:Nonviolent 2837:From above 2809:Democratic 2605:Uzbekistan 2590:Kazakhstan 2456:Kidnapping 2451:Insurgency 2399:Improvised 2226:Misogynist 1998:War crimes 1988:Operations 1895:Foot drill 1865:Battle cry 1778:deterrence 1437:Harassment 1412:Specialism 1235:Technology 1230:Succession 1175:Liberation 1110:Asymmetric 1045:Empty fort 956:Blitzkrieg 925:Withdrawal 888:Investment 667:Camouflage 662:Biological 600:Underwater 575:Amphibious 494:Aerospace 361:Air units: 338:Submarines 147:fourth-gen 142:industrial 130:napoleonic 6002:0022-0027 5719:31 August 5261:"Preface" 5132:154632359 4974:0043-8871 4785:1540-5907 4719:0003-0554 4670:225014676 4619:1537-5943 4437:. In the 4114:Palestine 4033:Indonesia 4008:Nicaragua 3927:Somalia." 3785:Palestine 3752:undermine 3748:overthrow 3733:Dean Rusk 3662:Terrorism 3656:Terrorism 3646:Trinquier 3616:terrorism 3451:terrorism 3419:authority 3411:rebellion 3292:Bulldozer 3245:Carnation 3240:Argentine 3183:1917–1923 3171:Communist 3116:Hungarian 2952:Rebellion 2890:Civil war 2852:Permanent 2799:Communist 2794:Bourgeois 2680:Venezuela 2561:Adherents 2461:Lone wolf 2374:Beheading 2323:Lone wolf 2283:Financing 2276:Structure 2161:Christian 2146:Religious 2116:Communist 2111:Anarchist 2086:Incidents 2066:Terrorism 1885:War novel 1788:Grey-zone 1748:War games 1709:Overmatch 1659:War crime 1609:Desertion 1599:Ceasefire 1594:Armistice 1481:Logistics 1459:Mercenary 1447:Volunteer 1378:Personnel 1350:Engineers 1295:Sociology 1250:World war 1245:Total war 1225:Strategic 1215:Religious 1200:Political 1195:Perpetual 1170:Irregular 1085:Offensive 1060:Defensive 1055:Deception 1015:Attrition 868:Guerrilla 863:Formation 806:Airbridge 738:Loitering 652:Artillery 305:Artillery 255:Engineers 223:Irregular 194:Air force 43:Home Army 6010:30152995 5874:(2005), 5783:20034213 5628:23185267 5588:PLOS ONE 5566:20016600 5431:(2004), 5371:(1996). 5221:(1961), 5094:38573183 4990:55598769 4982:40060186 4831:14897960 4735:17605053 4727:40863761 4445:See also 4318:and the 4311:Matanock 4187:swarming 4085:Zimbabwe 4049:Pakistan 4000:Mongolia 3902:swarming 3781:Chechnya 3697:ambushes 3527:Habsburg 3349:Sudanese 3327:Egyptian 3322:Tunisian 3275:Romanian 3176:Cultural 3162:Chinese 3137:Iranian 3106:February 3027:American 3022:Atlantic 3011:Examples 2984:Samizdat 2788:By class 2763:a series 2761:Part of 2645:Pakistan 2503:Stabbing 2486:Shooting 2328:Domestic 2288:Fronting 2156:Buddhist 2099:ideology 2058:a series 2056:Part of 1900:War song 1875:War film 1508:Materiel 1427:Children 1407:Training 1345:Medicine 1330:Doctrine 1285:Training 1220:Resource 1205:Princely 1155:Economic 1140:Conquest 1135:Colonial 1130:Cold war 1115:Blockade 1000:Strategy 972:Maneuver 733:Infantry 689:Chemical 543:Mountain 503:Airborne 366:Fighters 333:Warships 288:Infantry 214:Reserves 162:Military 5619:3504060 5596:Bibcode 5574:4380248 5546:Bibcode 5086:2706903 4908:Staff. 4897:de jure 4627:8303905 4240:In the 4235:Lebanon 4221:In the 4118:Somalia 4110:Liberia 4061:Myanmar 4004:Senegal 3604:Tactics 3493:Cabinda 3280:Singing 3230:Rwandan 3205:Spanish 3200:Siamese 3188:Russian 3158:Mexican 3084:Belgian 3059:Serbian 3047:Haitian 3032:Brabant 3017:English 2947:Protest 2880:Boycott 2874:Methods 2847:Passive 2510: ( 2466:Nuclear 2431:Dry run 2391: ( 2379:Bombing 2366: ( 2348:Tactics 2345:Methods 2176:Islamic 2081:History 2013:Writers 2008:Weapons 1973:Battles 1922:Related 1910:Wargame 1905:Uniform 1853:Culture 1634:Perfidy 1629:Justice 1550:Science 1535:Outpost 1488:History 1468:Warrior 1464:Soldier 1452:foreign 1390:counter 1290:Service 1240:Theater 1180:Limited 1160:Endemic 1075:Nuclear 848:Foxhole 823:Cavalry 811:Airdrop 796:Airlift 781:Tactics 753:Nuclear 743:Missile 672:Cavalry 657:Barrage 635:Weapons 595:Surface 376:Command 371:Bombers 328:Frogman 298:Cavalry 270:Medical 237:Militia 219:Regular 199:Marines 113:castles 103:Ancient 91:History 70:outline 6008: 6000: 5884: 5781: 5626: 5616: 5572: 5564: 5538:Nature 5381: 5156: 5130: 5092: 5084: 5023: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4929: 4893:p. 246 4888: 4829: 4819: 4783: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4668: 4658: 4625: 4617: 4425:, 2016 4326:Berman 4307:Berman 4233:, and 4231:Jordan 4223:Levant 4100:, the 4098:Angola 4012:Uganda 3960:Needs 3757:Poland 3460:, the 3433:force 3332:Yemeni 3312:Kyrgyz 3302:Orange 3270:Velvet 3265:Yogurt 3210:August 3193:German 3166:Xinhai 3146:Second 3123:Eureka 3111:German 3042:French 2999:Terror 2942:Mutiny 2857:Social 2832:Colour 2655:Russia 2635:Kuwait 2630:Israel 2491:School 2476:Piracy 2409:Threat 2404:Letter 2297:online 2186:Jewish 2165:Mormon 1993:Sieges 1677:Theory 1417:Morale 1275:Policy 1270:Branch 1050:Mosaic 1040:Fabian 987:Covert 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585:Brown 548:Urban 508:Space 429:Radar 424:Sonar 293:Armor 250:Staff 228:Ranks 5998:ISSN 5882:ISBN 5721:2013 5624:PMID 5562:PMID 5379:ISBN 5154:ISBN 5021:ISBN 4970:ISSN 4927:ISBN 4886:ISBN 4817:ISBN 4781:ISSN 4715:ISSN 4656:ISBN 4615:ISSN 4408:and 4309:and 4301:(or 4191:NATO 4037:Iraq 3975:Cuba 3695:and 3497:FLEC 3487:and 3485:MPLA 3464:was 3297:Rose 3260:1989 3250:Saur 3096:1848 3079:July 3074:1830 3069:1820 2979:Riot 2862:Wave 2625:Iran 2512:list 2393:list 2368:list 2191:Sikh 2003:Wars 1520:Base 1070:Goal 982:Raid 580:Blue 518:Land 189:Navy 184:Army 5990:doi 5961:doi 5771:doi 5714:GPO 5614:PMC 5604:doi 5554:doi 5542:462 5495:doi 5120:doi 5074:doi 5013:doi 4960:doi 4809:doi 4771:doi 4705:hdl 4697:doi 4693:104 4648:doi 4607:doi 4214:In 4193:or 3783:or 3750:or 3746:) " 3405:An 2389:Car 2097:By 1587:Law 1530:FOB 1525:MOB 570:Sea 62:War 6062:: 6004:. 5996:. 5986:55 5984:. 5957:18 5955:. 5951:. 5937:^ 5835:84 5833:. 5829:. 5777:, 5767:84 5765:, 5761:, 5686:, 5635:^ 5622:, 5612:, 5602:, 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