100:
546:
920:
returning in July. Although Belize was not invaded the Pumas and
Harriers were kept in Belize, the three Pumas as 1563 Flight (manned in rotation from 33 and 230 Squadrons, and 1417 Flight with four Harriers (manned in rotation from 1, 3 and 4 Squadrons). The airfield was defended by the RAF Regiment with Rapier and Bofors L40/70 detachments. While there was a civil war in Guatemala in the 1970s and 1980s, the British forces provided a deterrent as well as using the country for jungle warfare training. In 1991 Guatemala recognised Belize and the Harriers left in July 1993 and the Pumas in 1994.
274:
929:
230:
692:
1332:
1098:
417:
92:
4543:
330:
naval aviation was properly the responsibility of the RAF. The
Admiralty took the opposite view and, during the first half of the 1920s, pressed hard for the return of naval aviation to their control. It has been argued that the British defence arrangements in the inter-war years had a serious impact upon the doctrinal development of British naval air power as the Navy lacked experienced naval aviators.
1438:) in May 1999. The 2010 SDSR called for the retirement of the Hercules fleet by 2022, with the 2015 SDSR amending this to maintaining the fourteen Hercules C4s until 2030. The draw-down of the Hercules C5 fleet began in 2016, with two left in service by December 2020. The fourteen C4 extended variants were scheduled to retire on 31 March 2035. However, due to the crash of Hercules C4
1227:
that "The girls were located in the first few weeks of the RAF mission," and that "We offered to rescue them, but the
Nigerian government declined," this was because it viewed any action to be taken as a "national issue," and for it to be resolved by Nigerian intelligence and security services, the
220:
and the accompanying
British defence cuts, the newly independent (and still temporary) RAF waited nine months to see if it would be retained by the Cabinet. 6,500 officers, all holding temporary commissions or seconded from the Army and Navy, applied for permanent commissions. The Cabinet sanctioned
1407:
that "The purpose of this exercise is to enhance tactical skills of Japan air self-defence force unit and strengthen Japan-UK defence cooperation. We have no specific country or region in our mind," South Korean and US officials said the drill would improve the allies' ability to strike key targets
1393:
In
September 2016, it was reported that four RAF Typhoon fighter jets from No. 2 Squadron (with supporting Voyager aircraft from No. 10 and 101 Squadrons, as well as C-17 Globemaster transport aircraft) were deployed to South Korea to take part in Exercise Invincible Shield: which marked the first
561:
The main RAF effort during the war was the strategic bombing campaign against
Germany. From 31 May 1942 RAF Bomber Command was able to mount large-scale night raids, sometimes involving up to 1,000 aircraft. From mid-1942 increasing numbers of these aircraft were heavy four-engined bombers such as
1457:
Following the end of World War I, the RAF was greatly reduced in size and only rebuilt in significant number in the years immediately preceding World War II. At its peak during World War II, there were over one million RAF servicemen. Following the demobilisation after World War II, the RAF has
682:
Due to the confused circumstances of the 1948 Middle East conflict, the RAF found itself fighting the Jewish militias, and later, the nascent
Israeli Air Force. Royal Air Force bases in the region were attacked by both sides and reconnaissance aircraft were shot down. Among others, on 7 January
346:
all-metal low-winged monoplane torpedo bomber from the IJN's aircraft carriers by 1938 as one example of how the Fleet Air Arm's aviation technology was literally "being left behind" by one of its future foes. By 1936, the
Admiralty were once again campaigning for the return of naval aviation to
762:
squadrons on ground support attacks. Two flights of Army
Cooperation aircraft flew in support of artillery spotting and reconnaissance. In addition, three RAF squadrons of flying boats based in Singapore detached one squadron at a time on a monthly rotational basis to Japan and flew maritime and
678:
on the ground. Flying
Officers Geoff Cooper and Roy Bowie of 208 Squadron. then took off in their Spitfire FR.XVIIIs to mount a standing patrol. Three Egyptian Spitfire LF.IXs launched a second attack, two of which were shot down by Cooper and Bowie. Flying Officers McElhaw and Hully, also of 32
329:
of the Royal Air Force was formed under Air Ministry control. It consisted of those RAF units that were normally embarked on aircraft carriers and fighting ships. The Chief of the Air Staff, Lord Trenchard, his air staff and his successors argued that "air is one and indivisible" and hence that
290:
that the RAF had to fight for its survival – some questioned the need for a separate air force, especially in peacetime. To prevent itself being disbanded and its duties returned to the Army and the Navy, the RAF spent considerable energies keeping itself in the public eye by such things as the
1164:
missile killing both pilot and Weapons Systems Officer due to the Patriot missile mistakenly recognising the Tornado as a Mig, and a Hercules transport plane shot down by ground fire killing the ten personnel on board just after takeoff from the US controlled airfield. Following the invasion
919:
were flown to Belize to provide some defence of the border and support the troops. By April 1976 the threat had reduced the Harriers were flown back to the United Kingdom. Further negotiations failed to come to an agreement and in June 1977 the garrison was again reinforced with six Harriers
907:(the former British Honduras) had been threatened for a number of years by Guatemala which claimed rights to the territory. In 1975 following the breakdown in negotiations between the United Kingdom and Guatemala, Guatemalan troops were active close to the border, and in October 1975 three
333:
During the 1920s and first half of the 1930s, Government spending on the RAF was limited and the air staff put a higher priority on strategic bombing than on naval aviation. The result of this was that by the late 1930s the Fleet Air Arm was equipped with outdated aircraft – like the
107:
While the British were not the first to make use of heavier-than-air military aircraft, the RAF is the world's oldest independent air force: the first air force to become independent of army or navy control. The RAF was founded on 1 April 1918 by the amalgamation of the
1398:
and USAF, whilst deepening the UK and Republic of Korea's partnership in security and defence. In October 2016, it was reported that they were also deployed to Japan as part of Invincible Shield where they took part in their first-ever joint exercise drills with the
1121:, the RAF provided support to the United States by operating air-to-air refuelling tankers and reconnaissance aircraft as well as proving the use of its bases. Chinook helicopters have provided airlift support to coalition forces. In late 2004, as part of
683:
1949, Flying Officer McElhaw, who participated in the action against Egyptians described above, and two other pilots, were shot down by Israeli Spitfires while reconnoitering the aftermath of air attack on an Israeli column by Egyptian aircraft.
3518:
1442:
in August 2017, one Hercules C5 was retained to keep the fleet at 14 aircraft. The 2021 Defence Command Paper brought forward the retirement of the Hercules fleet to 2023. The Hercules was retired from RAF service on 30 June 2023.
1037:. On 17 January 1991, the main air campaign began and over 100 RAF aircraft took part in virtually every conceivable role. It marked an important turning point in the RAF's history as it was the first time the service had used
1228:
source added that the girls were then tracked by the aircraft as they were dispersed into progressively smaller groups over the following months. As of 4 March 2017, 195 out of the 276 of the girls kidnapped are still missing.
2247:
3586:
221:
a maximum of 1,500 and the Air Ministry offered 1,065 to the applicants, publishing the first list on 1 August 1919, 75% of them short-term (two to five years). The service as a whole had been reduced in strength to 35,500.
541:
on 16 August. However, in recent years some military historians have controversially suggested that the RAF's actions would not have prevented an invasion and that the key deterrent was the Royal Navy's command of the sea.
3419:
1733:
The Finnish Air Force claims to be the first independent air force in the world. When it was founded on 6 March 1918, it consisted of one aircraft and was commanded by a junior officer. Shores, Christopher.
174:). The squadrons of the RFC kept their numerals while those of the RNAS were renumbered from 201 onwards. At the time of the merger, the Navy's air service had 55,066 officers and men, 2,949 aircraft, 103
3455:
996:
was built to provide a fighter and transport facility on the islands thereby strengthening the defence capacity of the British Forces. Various radar sites were established and a detachment of the
1156:
saw a large RAF deployment to the Gulf, including RAF strike aircraft. The RAF also staged the base for the 4 US B-52 Bombers which attacked Iraq almost every night. The only RAF losses were a
2539:
3510:
896:
in the early 1960s did see use of RAF aircraft, but due to a combination of deft diplomacy and selective ignoring of certain events by both sides, it never developed into a full-scale war.
2787:
3777:
3804:
2257:
51:. During the war it was responsible for the aerial defence of Great Britain, the strategic bombing campaign against Germany and tactical support to the British Army around the world.
2457:
3571:
3278:
948:
and on board the Navy's aircraft carriers alongside aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm. A detachment from No. 1 Squadron was deployed to the British Fleet during the War, operating from
715:
After victory in World War II, the RAF was to be further re-organized, as technological advances in air warfare saw the arrival of jet fighters and bombers. The first significant
3123:
510:
in perhaps the most prolonged and complicated air campaign in history. This arguably contributed immensely to the delay and cancellation of German plans for an invasion of the
3412:
3097:
1665:
1419:
The RAF celebrated its 100th anniversary on 1 April 2018 and to commemorate the achievement, a range of special events and celebrations will take place throughout the year.
970:
flying from Ascension Island. However, the Service did many other things during the conflict, with its helicopters in the Falklands themselves, its Harrier GR3s flying from
151:
To emphasise the merger of both military and naval aviation in the new service, many of the titles of officers were deliberately chosen to be of a naval character, such as
2761:
944:
in 1982 was mainly fought by the Navy and Army due to the distance of the battlefield from friendly airfields; however RAF aircraft were deployed in the mid-Atlantic at
241:
from the air. It was argued that the use of air power would prove to be a more cost-effective way of controlling large areas than by using conventional land forces. Sir
3611:
1394:
time that South Korea hosted a major air exercise with an air force other than the United States. The Exercise's goal was to enhance interoperability between the RAF,
401:
325:
The creation of the RAF removed all aircraft and flying personnel from the Navy, although the Admiralty remained in control of aircraft carriers. On 1 April 1924, the
1912:
1196:. The UK's contribution was codenamed Operation Newcombe, C-17 Globemasters from No. 99 Squadron transported French armoured vehicles from French Évreux Air Base to
265:
in their history, then again in 1928, when following the outbreak of civil war, the British Legation and some European diplomatic staff based in Kabul were cut off.
2220:
3360:
3234:
3549:
2788:"West prepares to enforce Bosnia no-fly zone: Nato moves to stop violations by Croatia and put pressure on Zagreb to make concessions at next week's peace talks"
4378:
481:, and the secondment of many whole squadrons, and tens of thousands of individual personnel, from Commonwealth air forces. For example, by the end of the war,
1815:
3757:
3444:
824:
Despite this, the RAF fought in many battles in the Cold War period. In June 1948 the RAF commenced Operation Firedog against Malayan terrorists during the
249:, had formulated ideas about the use of aircraft in colonial policing and these were first put into practice in 1920 when the RAF and imperial ground units
4114:
3079:
2066:
Tami Davis Biddle, "British and American Approaches to Strategic Bombing: Their Origins and Implementation in the World War II Combined Bomber Offensive,"
99:
2356:
2084:
663:
2402:
170:
The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world on its creation, with over 20,000 aircraft and over 300,000 personnel (including the
4248:
4124:
4170:
4144:
1412:; the drill in Japan was also known as Exercise Guardian North 16 and it ended in early November. The exercises in South Korea included the first UK-
981:
maritime patrol aircraft scanning the South Atlantic, and tanker and transport fleet helping in the enormous logistical effort required for the war.
351:
took over responsibility for the administration of the Fleet Air Arm. Under two years later, on 24 May 1939, the Fleet Air Arm was returned to full
140:, the first war in which air power made a significant impact. The creation of the new force was based on the Smuts Report prepared by Field Marshal
2540:"Flight Lieutenant Jack Sherburn: Pilot awarded a DFC for his gallantry against the Mau Mau who went on to serve in Suez and fly with Yuri Gagarin"
1232:
4330:
4119:
667:
4015:
2709:
3003:
679:
Squadron, took over the standing patrol before the third wave of Egyptian Spitfires arrived. Flying Officer McElhaw shot both of these down.
493:. To these and other British Commonwealth personnel were later added thousands of men from other countries, including many who had fled from
3637:
3304:
2185:
2327:
2110:
3053:
58:, the main role of the RAF was the defence of the continent of Europe against potential attack by the Soviet Union, including holding the
530:
3723:
4134:
4109:
3704:
3031:
723:
in 1948 and 1949 which was originally designated Operation Knicker and Operation Carter-Paterson and later titled Operation Plainfare.
4053:
4000:
3862:
485:
personnel had contributed more than 30 squadrons to service with RAF formations; almost a quarter of Bomber Command's personnel were
3685:
2735:
1430:. Twenty-five C-130Js were originally ordered in December 1994 (fifteen C4s and ten C5s), the first Hercules C4 to be delivered was
4383:
2011:
1452:
778:
as a stopgap measure. The UK had manufactured less than 50 of the 200 atomic and hydrogen bombs it required at that stage. The RAF
750:
was shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 2 January 1952 as he attempted to strafe a column of trucks near Sunsan, a village north of
375:
171:
3260:
3101:
1239:. Flying out of RAF bases in Cyprus, they have been known to have destroyed multiple ISIL targets and deliver humanitarian aid in
4567:
4399:
4325:
4273:
4165:
4006:
2949:
246:
489:. Similarly, about nine percent of the personnel who served with the RAF in Europe and the Mediterranean were seconded from the
4465:
4429:
4424:
708:
478:
202:
59:
3217:
2374:
4347:
4258:
3930:
3913:
3330:
2454:
1887:
1423:
1118:
1114:
618:
71:
43:. After the war, the RAF was greatly reduced in size and during the inter-war years was used for policing operations in the
2305:
4508:
4139:
4104:
4071:
3582:
3382:
2565:
1387:
614:
448:
2136:
786:. Following the introduction of Polaris in 1968 the RAF's strategic nuclear role was reduced to a tactical one, using the
3017:
1282:
339:
299:
air racing competition, and by producing documentary films. In 1936, a reorganisation of RAF command saw the creation of
62:
for a number of years. After the end of the Cold War, the RAF took part in several large scale operations, including the
3488:
4288:
3945:
3352:
3238:
2863:
2591:
2224:
1660:
1426:, known as the Hercules C4 (C-130J-30) and Hercules C5 (C-130J) in RAF service, based at RAF Brize Norton and flown by
1304:
1244:
911:
helicopters were flown out to Belize Airport as the British garrison was reinforced to a 1,000 troops. In November six
610:
579:
571:
554:
3541:
1041:
in significant amounts. In the years following the end of the war, the RAF were involved in operations to enforce the
4373:
4309:
3986:
MacKenzie, S. P. "Per Ardua: Achievements, issues, and opportunities in writing the history of the Royal Air Force."
3876:
3837:
3149:
1743:
1240:
3511:"Service Inquiry into the accident involving a Hercules C-130J Mk4 (ZH873) Heavy Landing Incident on 25 August 2017"
2279:
2162:
4546:
4404:
4228:
4160:
4094:
3170:
2072:
Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing, 1914–1945
1685:
1204:
also reported that the RAF deployed a Sentinel R1 aircraft at the request of the French for surveillance support.
1822:
992:
continued to be used as a staging post for the air bridge between Great Britain and the Falkland Islands. In 1984
4531:
4498:
4460:
4129:
2879:
1259:
1073:
458:
3083:
2981:
4263:
4099:
3974:
3960:
1960:
1679:
2479:
392:. This led to the construction of long-range bombers and became the basic philosophy in the Second World War.
4536:
4335:
4278:
4046:
3742:
2399:
1675:
1670:
1403:, South Korean and USAF air assets also took part in the exercises. The Japan's defence ministry said to the
1212:
136:. The decision to merge the two services and create an independent air force was a response to the events of
121:
4025:
3881:
1145:. The Harriers were replaced by an equivalent force of Tornados GR4 in spring 2009. From March to May 2002,
4493:
4450:
1400:
1356:
421:
4342:
4268:
2046:
1395:
407:
206:
2736:"Gulf War 25th anniversary special: a quick look at the RAF Tornado's reconnaissance missions over Iraq"
447:
flights, including that of Prime Minister Winston Churchill on his return from the United States aboard
182:
was commissioned after the war in central London. The RAF's last known surviving founder member was the
4283:
4196:
4191:
4186:
1986:
885:
759:
490:
428:
250:
2114:
1355:
operation and in 2005 support and transport aircraft were dispatched to South East Asia following the
4304:
3057:
2967:
2517:
2461:
1038:
630:
4012:
545:
4455:
4409:
4039:
3919:
3899:
2477:
Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Overseas Commands – Iraq, India and the Far East
1706:
1255:
747:
660:
648:
534:
526:
482:
179:
790:
gravity bombs. This tactical role was continued by the V bombers into the 1980s and until 1998 by
4419:
3641:
3300:
2189:
912:
739:
474:
198:
120:
which had been established three months earlier. The Royal Flying Corps had been born out of the
113:
40:
2331:
4513:
4445:
4253:
1320:
1062:
1046:
818:
583:
494:
462:
273:
3702:
Strength of UK Regular Forces by Service and whether trained or untrained at 1 April each year
782:
took sole responsibility for carrying the UK's nuclear deterrent until the development of the
643:
was founded on 14 May 1948. Egyptian forces crossed into Israeli territory as part of a wider
3720:
2762:"Iraq Bombings: The Air assault – RAF Tornados spearhead second phase of Desert Fox campaign"
1714:
to deploy one of its two remaining Nimrod R1s two weeks before they were due to be withdrawn.
1153:
1058:
636:
587:
444:
385:
156:
3701:
955:
and flying ground attack missions against Argentine forces. RAF pilots also flew Royal Navy
4488:
4243:
2495:
1170:
963:
945:
675:
652:
563:
194:
145:
1174:
388:, the world's first strategic bombing unit, to carry out similar British air raids on the
8:
4503:
3682:
2252:
2015:
1948:
1427:
1375:
1367:
1352:
1336:
1294:
1290:
1269:
reported that RAF Chinook helicopters and personnel had been deployed to Mali to support
1165:
occupation of southern Iraq by British Forces, the RAF was deployed at Basra. As part of
1146:
1005:
671:
308:
300:
3192:
2248:"Dresden was a civilian town with no military significance. Why did we burn its people?"
1877:
1072:
in 1999 saw the RAF fight over Europe for the first time since World War II. During the
380:
4483:
3903:
2840:
2378:
1408:
in North Korea, including military facilities and those linked to the regime's leader,
1270:
1042:
1009:
993:
916:
591:
575:
515:
304:
109:
36:
3413:"Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review"
2661:
1682:, museums dedicated to the history of aviation, and the Royal Air Force in particular.
439:. This was the pre-war civil airport taken over by the RAF for staging trans-Atlantic
277:
An RAF advertisement recruiting radio operators, from the 21 December 1923 edition of
4363:
3970:
3956:
3941:
3926:
3909:
3889:
3872:
3858:
3833:
2859:
2813:
2418:
1883:
1756:
1739:
1413:
1312:
1301:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1110:
959:
in the air-to-air combat role and four RAF pilots shot down five Argentine aircraft.
845:
825:
522:
501:
440:
425:
371:
357:
352:
348:
178:
and 126 coastal stations. The remaining personnel and aircraft came from the RFC. A
152:
133:
828:. Operations continued for the next 12 years until 1960 with aircraft flying out of
229:
4238:
4233:
3326:
2140:
1540:
1297:
1286:
1236:
1189:
989:
971:
949:
933:
700:
411:
335:
296:
287:
254:
48:
1335:
Tail of Tornado GR4 ZG750, marking 25 years of Tornado GR operations, at the 2016
338:
three-man biplane torpedo bomber, among others – in limited numbers, as the rival
4368:
4218:
4062:
4019:
3746:
3727:
3708:
3689:
2483:
2406:
1990:
1778:
1711:
1344:
1251:
1166:
1161:
1102:
1081:
1001:
833:
791:
783:
656:
609:
attacks against German cities during the last few months of the war, such as the
605:
There exists considerable historical controversy about the ethics of large-scale
292:
279:
187:
132:. The Royal Naval Air Service was its naval equivalent and was controlled by the
125:
3390:
2569:
1937:
1126:
1077:
985:
844:
taking part. From 1953 to 1956 the RAF Avro Lincoln squadrons carried out anti-
814:
802:
767:
755:
742:, several RAF pilots saw action while on exchange with the USAF, mainly flying
727:
720:
567:
519:
511:
242:
238:
44:
25:
2439:
1980:
1362:
The RAF's 90th anniversary was commemorated on 1 April 2008 by a flypast of 9
763:
meteorological reconnaissance missions in the Yellow Sea and Tushima Straits.
746:, they were credited with seven kills. At least one pilot was killed when his
4561:
4414:
3480:
1348:
1157:
941:
908:
853:
389:
326:
320:
262:
210:
164:
160:
3953:
Invasion 1940: The truth about the Battle of Britain and what stopped Hitler
2683:
928:
257:
with the task of 'policing' the tribal unrest. The RAF also saw service in
4223:
3445:"National Security Strategy and Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015"
1383:
1316:
1178:
1030:
997:
861:
806:
538:
531:
Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few"
470:
436:
343:
193:
The contact patrols flown by RAF fighter aircraft were key to stopping the
129:
117:
3893:
2496:"Operation Firedog : air support in the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1960"
691:
3261:"UK sends Typhoons to Japan for joint drills to strengthen security ties"
2927:
2905:
2283:
1847:
1409:
1331:
1149:
took part in Operation Ramson, looking for terrorist threats in Somalia.
1134:
988:
to provide air defence to the Falkland Islands. The mid-Atlantic base on
967:
956:
889:
877:
865:
857:
841:
810:
743:
696:
644:
606:
258:
253:. The following year, in 1921, the RAF was given responsibility for all
217:
183:
137:
32:
1097:
659:, believing the base had already been taken over by Israeli forces. Two
469:
The RAF underwent rapid expansion following the outbreak of war against
416:
347:
their control. This time they were successful and on 30 July 1937, the
3004:"ROYAL AIR FORCE PUMA HELICOPTERS OVERCOME CHALLENGES OF AFGHAN WINTER"
1379:
1363:
1216:
1069:
978:
837:
829:
770:
which were difficult to manufacture quickly, in 1958 the RAF and other
731:
599:
451:
67:
2883:
1000:
provided anti-aircraft support until that role was transferred to the
1351:
for three months to provide the British contribution to the NATO-led
1308:
893:
775:
751:
506:
213:
over the front lines, but this strategy was never fully implemented.
141:
21:
2950:"Nigeria rejected British offer to rescue seized Chibok schoolgirls"
962:
The most high-profile RAF missions in this conflict were the famous
91:
2476:
1026:
873:
798:
779:
716:
704:
75:
63:
55:
4031:
3739:
2223:. Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation. Archived from
1220:
1142:
595:
550:
432:
175:
3788:
Does not includes numbers of personnel with liability for recall
2070:
March 1995, Vol. 18 Issue 1, pp 91–144; Tami Davis Biddle,
1211:
reported that the RAF conducted Operation Turus in response the
3612:"Number 47 Squadron Mark the End of an Era with a Royal Parade"
3024:
1371:
1197:
1034:
904:
869:
787:
640:
486:
3848:
Air Publication 3003 - A Brief History of the Royal Air Force.
1963:
Sir Christopher Bullock K.C.B. C.B.E. Memorial Service Address
1422:
Shorter range, tactical-airlift transport was provided by the
1254:, to provide helicopter support to NATO forces conducting the
1177:
and Chinook helicopters operated from Basra, protected by the
3967:
Air Power and the Royal Navy, 1914–1945: An historical survey
1913:"Afghanistan: 80 years since the British evacuation of Kabul"
1666:
List of all aircraft current and former of the United Kingdom
1223:
in April 2014. A source involved with the Operation told the
1101:
RAF GR4 Tornado fighter on a combat mission over Iraq during
881:
849:
47:. The RAF underwent rapid expansion prior to and during the
3124:"MOD rushes new transport plane into service for operations"
1882:(1 ed.). Harrow, England: Pearson Longman. p. 75.
1273:- the continued French counter-terrorist operation in Mali.
1084:
ground attack jets as well as an array of support aircraft.
31:
The RAF was founded on 1 April 1918, towards the end of the
3279:"A Service to Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the RAF"
2221:"Attack on Gestapo Headquarters, Copenhagen, 21 March 1945"
1738:. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publications Ltd., 1969. (
1193:
1057:
In 1993, RAF Tornado F3s and AWACS aircraft contributed to
860:
in 1956 saw a large RAF role, with aircraft operating from
771:
473:
in 1939. This included the training of British aircrews in
205:
believed that aircraft could achieve a breakthrough on the
3938:
Coningham: A Biography of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham
774:
nations were provided with American nuclear weapons under
402:
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
3018:"RAF Chinooks Begin Mali Deployment With French Military"
1416:
Fighter exercise, that took place from 4 to 11 November.
1192:- the French-led operation against Islamist militants in
738:
reported that 41 RAF officers seconded to serve with the
500:
A defining period of the RAF's existence came during the
2856:
RAF Canberra Units of the Cold War (Combat Aircraft 105)
1779:"Commissioned ranks of the Royal Air Force 1919–Present"
578:, the 'Dambusters' raids on targets in the Ruhr Valley;
533:. Although, he first spoke these words upon exiting the
1160:
incident when an RAF Tornado jet was shot down by a US
1061:, NATO's operation to restrict airspace movements over
3886:
The Birds and the Fishes: The Story of Coastal Command
3740:
UK Defence Statistics 2011 published 28 September 2011
2448:
2047:"History of Fleet Air Arm Officers Association, FAAOA"
1757:"Smuts report – recommending the formation of the RAF"
1250:
In 2015, RAF Pumas deployed to Afghanistan as part of
461:
until 1939, and Transport Command facilities moved to
2163:"The Polish Pilots Who Flew in the Battle of Britain"
1710:, 16 March 2011, operational requirements forced the
3923:
Fight for the Sky: Stories of Wartime Fighter Pilots
3855:
High Stakes - Britain's Air Arms in Action 1945-1990
3150:"Lords Hansard Written Answers text for 14 Dec 2004"
3080:"UK military to be stretched by long Libya campaign"
1289:
and the RAF contribution involved the deployment of
1004:. In 2009 the air defence F3s were replaced by four
81:
3721:
Strength of the Reserve Forces at 1 April each year
2928:"Mali: RAF surveillance aircraft Sentinel deployed"
730:did not base any RAF squadrons in Korea during the
2710:"RAF Typhoons arrive for Falkland Islands mission"
1781:. Air of Authority – A history of RAF Organisation
1326:
4009:Origins of the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force
3542:"UK extends Hercules out-of-service date to 2035"
3218:"RAF Typhoon aircraft to visit Republic of Korea"
2440:"Weapon detail and No.15 Squadron data for 1984."
2357:"Britain receives body of Korean War fighter ace"
1821:. Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund. Archived from
1816:"Royal Air Force Memorial by Philip Ward-Jackson"
1359:disaster in order to provide aid relief support.
1281:In 2011 the RAF played a significant role in the
4559:
3100:. Royal Air Force. 20 March 2011. Archived from
2351:
2349:
1233:International military intervention against ISIL
590:fighter-bomber was used for tactical raids like
504:. Over the summer of 1940, the RAF held off the
28:, spans a century of British military aviation.
1109:As part of the British contribution (codenamed
457:in 1942. The Royal Air Force had also operated
3821:
2906:"RAF C17 cargo plane to help French operation"
2662:"Argentine Aircraft Lost – Falklands War 1982"
1243:as well as carry out surveillance missions in
362:and renamed the Air Branch of the Royal Navy.
268:
4047:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3210:
3056:. Defense News. 20 March 2011. Archived from
2455:"Strategic Defence Review 1998: Full Report."
2346:
977:, its fighter aircraft protecting Ascension,
574:against Cologne, the first 1000-bomber raid;
116:and was controlled by the British Government
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
2982:"Surveillance missions over Syria confirmed"
2636:
2400:RAF Museum British Military Aviation in 1952
2012:"Sea Your History – Interwar: Fleet Air Arm"
1434:in August 1998, with the first Hercules C5 (
1092:
1065:. The operation continued until late 1995.
518:). Of these few hundred RAF fighter pilots,
3353:"Lockheed Martin delivers first RAF C-130J"
2645:
1285:. The British participation was codenamed
395:
4054:
4040:
3905:To Shatter the Sky: Bomber Airfield at War
3815:Excludes University Air Squadron personnel
3235:"Royal Air Force aircraft arrive in Japan"
3224:
3207:
1231:The RAF is currently participating in the
817:, global operations were scaled back, and
3791:
3669:
2974:
2814:"RAF 'nearly ran out of bombs' in Kosovo"
1235:, the British participation is codenamed
719:action of the RAF was its support to the
263:employed independently for the first time
237:The RAF took up the task of policing the
4022:Early British Military Ballooning (1863)
3758:UK Defence in Numbers, August 2015, p. 5
3539:
3437:
3319:
3082:. Reuters. 19 March 2011. Archived from
3032:"Operational Update on Libya – 25 March"
2377:. Britains-smallwars.com. Archived from
2183:
1453:Personnel numbers in the Royal Air Force
1374:, in a straight line from just south of
1330:
1096:
927:
690:
624:
544:
415:
272:
228:
98:
90:
3714:
3695:
3564:
2882:. Royal Air Force (RAF). Archived from
2853:
2847:
2245:
2085:"Churchill's 1942 Flying Bermuda Visit"
984:After the war, the RAF remained in the
686:
4560:
4425:Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment
3827:
3237:. RAF. 22 October 2016. Archived from
2984:. Ministry of Defence. 21 October 2014
2568:. Britain's small wars. Archived from
2330:. Britain's small wars. Archived from
1446:
1181:, forming 903 Expeditionary Air Wing.
836:. The RAF played a minor role in the
582:, the destruction of Hamburg; and the
479:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
224:
4348:List of equipment of the RAF Regiment
4035:
3461:from the original on 24 November 2015
3333:from the original on 18 November 2020
3098:"VC10 and TriStar Support Operations"
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2246:Selwood, Dominic (13 February 2015).
1961:"Lloyd, M.P., The Rt. Hon. Geoffrey,
899:
376:bombing of Britain during World War I
4542:
3517:. Ministry of Defence. 21 May 2019.
3307:from the original on 28 October 2020
3034:. Ministry of Defence. 25 March 2011
1871:
1869:
1256:ongoing training and advisor mission
655:. On 22 May, the Egyptians attacked
365:
4249:Princess Mary's RAF Nursing Service
4061:
3425:from the original on 5 January 2020
3363:from the original on 14 August 2021
3054:"Coalition Against Gadhafi Growing"
1799:
1276:
797:The primary role of the RAF in the
651:providing light bombers as well as
340:Imperial Japanese Naval Air Service
251:defeated rebel Somaliland dervishes
13:
4489:Combined Cadet Force (RAF section)
3592:from the original on 23 March 2021
3521:from the original on 7 August 2020
3473:
3418:. HM Government. 19 October 2010.
2610:
1848:"Oldest WWI veteran dies aged 113"
1661:List of Royal Air Force operations
1319:air-to-air refuelling tankers and
1315:airborne standoff radar aircraft,
821:was disbanded on 31 October 1971.
370:The RAF developed its doctrine of
14:
4579:
3994:
3980:
3552:from the original on 25 July 2019
3540:Jennings, Gareth (24 July 2019).
3491:from the original on 28 July 2020
3193:"Flypast marks RAF's anniversary"
2664:. Naval-history.net. 15 June 1982
2282:. Spyflight.co.uk. Archived from
2186:"Welcome to WinstonChurchill.org"
1866:
1311:signals intelligence aircraft, a
1045:and the Service took part in the
465:in 1943 for landplane operations.
314:
128:and was under the control of the
82:Formation and the inter-war years
4541:
4405:Assistant Chief of the Air Staff
3579:assets.publishing.service.Gov.uk
3481:"Displaying Serials in range ZH"
3383:"Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules"
3020:. Forces.net. 20 September 2018.
1686:Structure of the Royal Air Force
1188:reported that the RAF supported
923:
805:against potential attack by the
586:. The lighter, fast two-engine
374:after taking influence from the
4499:RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine
4379:List of serving senior officers
4003:Royal Engineers and Aeronautics
3809:
3782:
3771:
3762:
3751:
3733:
3656:
3630:
3604:
3533:
3503:
3405:
3375:
3345:
3293:
3271:
3253:
3185:
3163:
3142:
3116:
3090:
3072:
3046:
3010:
2996:
2960:
2942:
2920:
2898:
2872:
2838:"Tornados Bound for Kandahar",
2832:
2806:
2780:
2754:
2728:
2702:
2676:
2654:
2584:
2558:
2532:
2510:
2488:
2470:
2432:
2411:
2393:
2367:
2320:
2298:
2272:
2239:
2213:
2204:
2177:
2155:
2129:
2103:
2089:International Churchill Society
2077:
2060:
2039:
2030:
2004:
1995:
1974:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1892:– via Archive Foundation.
1698:
1424:Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules
1401:Japanese air self-defence force
1327:Other operations and activities
1323:air-to-air refuelling tankers.
1087:
811:squadrons based in West Germany
784:Royal Navy's Polaris submarines
459:Royal Naval Air Station Bermuda
4568:History of the Royal Air Force
3888:. Hutchinson. 1960. (No ISBN)
3572:"Defence in a competitive age"
3171:"Rarely seen but always there"
2308:. hostorynet.com. 7 March 2017
1905:
1896:
1840:
1808:
1793:
1771:
1749:
1727:
1680:Royal Air Force Museum Cosford
1458:steadily declined in numbers.
602:, as well as a night-fighter.
18:history of the Royal Air Force
1:
3640:. Soltalk.com. Archived from
2968:"Update: air strikes in Iraq"
2068:Journal of Strategic Studies,
1721:
1676:Royal Air Force Museum London
1671:Future of the Royal Air Force
1213:Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping
1029:, RAF fighters were based in
647:military coalition, with the
233:An RAF aircraft in Somaliland
2880:"903 Expeditionary Air Wing"
2445:. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
1736:Finnish Air Force, 1918–1968
1357:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
1115:2001 invasion of Afghanistan
1015:
637:British Mandate of Palestine
384:. Trenchard established the
295:, supporting a team for the
86:
7:
4274:RAF Mountain Rescue Service
4269:RAF Search and Rescue Force
3882:Ferté, Philip Joubert de la
3867:Chant, Christopher (1993).
3846:Finn, C. J. et al. (2004).
3822:Sources and further reading
2651:Evans 1998, pp. 74–75.
1804:. Vol. I. p. 747.
1654:
1025:During the build-up to the
1020:
621:, and other German cities.
570:. Noteworthy raids include
553:after the 1943 RAF attack (
408:Air warfare of World War II
269:Activities in Great Britain
190:who died in 2009 aged 113.
10:
4584:
4430:Warrant Officer of the RAF
4125:Operational Training units
3871:Regency House Publishing.
3832:. London: William Kimber.
2844:, August 2008 issue, p. 8.
2633:Flintham 2009, pp. 316–320
2137:"Explore: 'The Angry Sky'"
1450:
1283:NATO intervention in Libya
1052:
1039:precision-guided munitions
813:. With the decline of the
760:Royal Australian Air Force
707:to carry conventional and
628:
491:Royal Australian Air Force
405:
399:
318:
4522:
4474:
4438:
4392:
4374:List of notable personnel
4356:
4318:
4305:Royal Auxiliary Air Force
4297:
4209:
4179:
4171:Satellite Landing Grounds
4153:
4087:
4078:
4069:
3664:Statement on Defence 1952
3638:"SOLtalk Feature Article"
3220:. RAF. 30 September 2016.
2970:. gov.uk. 6 October 2014.
2462:UK Government Web Archive
1612:
801:years was the defence of
635:Following the end of the
261:in 1925, where they were
60:British nuclear deterrent
4509:RAF Football Association
4410:Air Member for Personnel
4130:Schools / Training units
4028:RAF History pages portal
3951:Robinson, Derek (2005).
3936:Orange, Vincent (1990).
3830:RAF Operations 1918–1938
3768:Including WRAF personnel
2854:Brookes, Andrew (2014).
2001:de la Ferté 1960, p. 108
1691:
913:Hawker Siddeley Harriers
754:. Other RAF pilots flew
661:Royal Egyptian Air Force
649:Royal Egyptian Air Force
535:Battle of Britain Bunker
483:Royal Canadian Air Force
396:World War II (1939–1945)
4420:Air Member for Materiel
4026:Royal Air Force History
4018:18 January 2007 at the
3869:The History of the RAF.
3006:. RAF. 24 January 2019.
2684:"Fact file: Nimrod MR2"
2518:"Seletar's Sunderlands"
2460:26 October 2012 at the
2405:6 December 2010 at the
1949:Sir Christopher Bullock
1876:Robson, Stuart (2007).
1076:, the RAF operated the
1047:Bombing of Iraq in 1998
740:United States Air Force
172:Women's Royal Air Force
114:Royal Naval Air Service
41:Royal Naval Air Service
4013:Royal Engineers Museum
4007:Royal Engineers Museum
4001:Royal Engineers Museum
3969:Macdonald's and Janes
3965:Till, Geoffey (1979).
3853:Flintham, Vic (2009).
3726:13 August 2009 at the
3707:13 August 2009 at the
2930:. BBC. 25 January 2013
2908:. BBC. 13 January 2013
1340:
1260:Afghan Security forces
1106:
1063:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1043:no-fly zones over Iraq
937:
819:RAF Far East Air Force
712:
558:
495:German-occupied Europe
466:
283:
255:British forces in Iraq
247:Chief of the Air Staff
234:
104:
96:
4310:RAF Volunteer Reserve
3990:39.4 (2020): 310-325.
3828:Bowyer, Chaz (1988).
3745:17 April 2012 at the
3688:25 March 2009 at the
3662:Ministry of Defence,
2858:. Osprey Publishing.
2498:. Imperial war Museum
2482:6 August 2008 at the
2328:"Operation Plainfare"
2306:"Spitfire V Spitfire"
2165:. Imperial War Museum
1802:The Naval Air Service
1707:Jane's Defence Weekly
1334:
1184:In January 2013, the
1154:2003 invasion of Iraq
1100:
1074:bombing of Yugoslavia
1059:Operation Deny Flight
931:
766:To complement the UK
694:
631:1948 Arab–Israeli War
625:1948 Arab–Israeli War
588:de Havilland Mosquito
548:
525:famously said in the
419:
386:Independent Air Force
276:
232:
216:Following the end of
195:Imperial Germany Army
102:
94:
4343:List of RAF missiles
4326:List of RAF aircraft
4244:RAF Medical Services
4229:RAF Chaplains Branch
3940:Methuen Publishing (
3359:. 2 September 1998.
2642:Ashworth 1989, p.26.
2592:"Confrontation Ends"
2443:nuclear-weapons.info
2381:on 19 September 2014
2117:on 11 September 2012
1345:Panavia Tornado F.3s
1293:multirole fighters,
1117:at the start of the
946:RAF Ascension Island
687:Cold War (1947–1990)
619:bombing of Heilbronn
615:bombing of Pforzheim
572:Operation Millennium
564:Handley-Page Halifax
549:Residential area of
477:countries under the
475:British Commonwealth
148:on which he served.
146:Imperial War Cabinet
4504:RAF Benevolent Fund
4439:symbols and uniform
4072:Ministry of Defence
3583:Ministry of Defence
3329:. Royal Air Force.
3303:. Royal Air Force.
3281:. Westminster Abbey
3241:on 22 February 2017
3086:on 13 January 2016.
2716:. 22 September 2009
2465:Ministry of Defence
2260:on 13 February 2015
2253:The Daily Telegraph
2192:on 16 December 2008
1879:The First World War
1447:Number of personnel
1388:Ministry of Defence
1386:and (at 13.00) the
1376:London City Airport
1353:Baltic Air Policing
1337:Farnborough Airshow
1265:In September 2018,
1241:Iraq (2014–present)
1137:, operating in the
1008:which are based at
886:Operation Musketeer
225:Policing the Empire
201:in 1918. Smuts and
180:memorial to the RAF
4484:Air Training Corps
4400:Chief of Air Staff
4264:RAF Music Services
3267:. 14 October 2016.
3104:on 20 October 2012
2841:Air Forces Monthly
2794:. 26 November 1993
2768:. 18 December 1998
2572:on 5 February 2009
1919:. 25 February 2009
1828:on 12 January 2021
1618:Volunteer Reserve
1378:Tower Bridge, the
1343:In 2004, four RAF
1341:
1300:/strike aircraft,
1271:Operation Barkhane
1119:War in Afghanistan
1107:
1010:RAF Mount Pleasant
994:RAF Mount Pleasant
938:
900:Belize (1975–1994)
852:using its base at
780:V bomber squadrons
713:
668:Spitfire FR.XVIIIs
611:bombing of Dresden
592:Operation Carthage
584:'Battle of Berlin'
580:Operation Gomorrah
576:Operation Chastise
559:
555:Operation Gomorrah
516:Operation Sea Lion
467:
355:control under the
286:It was during the
284:
235:
110:Royal Flying Corps
105:
97:
72:War in Afghanistan
37:Royal Flying Corps
4555:
4554:
4384:Personnel numbers
4279:RAF Marine Branch
4259:RAF ground trades
4205:
4204:
3988:War & Society
3931:978-0-85059-749-3
3914:978-0-85059-678-6
3863:978 1 84415 815 7
3644:on 21 August 2008
3585:. 22 March 2021.
3454:. HM Government.
3393:on 16 August 2021
3327:"C-130J Hercules"
3195:. BBC. April 2008
3173:. Royal Air Force
2742:. 17 January 2016
2227:on 1 January 2018
1965:, 15th June 1972"
1889:978-1-4058-2471-2
1652:
1651:
1414:Republic of Korea
1141:role against the
1139:close air support
1131:Kandahar Airfield
1123:Operation Herrick
1111:Operation Veritas
826:Malayan Emergency
523:Winston Churchill
502:Battle of Britain
445:Transport Command
426:Imperial fortress
372:strategic bombing
366:Strategic bombing
153:flight lieutenant
103:R 27 airship 1918
4575:
4545:
4544:
4475:associated civil
4239:RAF Legal Branch
4234:RAF Intelligence
4120:Conversion units
4085:
4084:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4032:
3843:
3816:
3813:
3807:
3802:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3737:
3731:
3718:
3712:
3699:
3693:
3683:1998 Publication
3680:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3449:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:on 21 March 2011
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2886:on 18 March 2015
2876:
2870:
2869:
2851:
2845:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:. 12 August 1966
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2546:. 20 August 2014
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2486:
2474:
2468:
2452:
2446:
2438:Burnell, Brian.
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2286:on 14 April 2018
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2256:. Archived from
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2188:. Archived from
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2139:. Archived from
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2113:. Archived from
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2014:. Archived from
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1731:
1715:
1702:
1580:Regular Reserve
1541:National Service
1461:
1460:
1396:Korean Air Force
1347:deployed to the
1287:Operation Ellamy
1277:Libyan civil war
1237:Operation Shader
1190:Operation Serval
990:Ascension Island
934:Ascension Island
748:F-84E Thunderjet
703:used during the
701:strategic bomber
676:No. 208 Squadron
598:headquarters in
594:, a raid on the
527:House of Commons
422:Darrell's Island
412:Circus offensive
381:Luftstreitkräfte
342:began using the
336:Fairey Swordfish
297:Schneider Trophy
199:spring offensive
49:Second World War
4583:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4518:
4494:RAF Association
4476:
4470:
4466:Heraldic badges
4434:
4388:
4352:
4314:
4293:
4219:Air Force Board
4211:
4201:
4175:
4149:
4080:
4074:
4065:
4063:Royal Air Force
4060:
4020:Wayback Machine
3997:
3983:
3920:Halpenny, Bruce
3900:Halpenny, Bruce
3840:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3805:DASA statistics
3803:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3778:DASA statistics
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3752:
3747:Wayback Machine
3738:
3734:
3728:Wayback Machine
3719:
3715:
3709:Wayback Machine
3700:
3696:
3690:Wayback Machine
3681:
3670:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3616:Royal Air Force
3610:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
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3415:
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3406:
3396:
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3381:
3380:
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3351:
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3346:
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3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3130:. 22 April 2011
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2956:. 4 March 2017.
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2820:. 25 April 2000
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2792:The Independent
2786:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2766:The Independent
2760:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2690:. 10 March 2009
2682:
2681:
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2660:
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2641:
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2599:
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2564:
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2559:
2549:
2547:
2544:The Independent
2538:
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2521:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
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2484:Wayback Machine
2475:
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2423:
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2417:
2416:
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2407:Wayback Machine
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
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2368:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2334:on 4 April 2004
2326:
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2205:
2195:
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2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2143:on 11 July 2009
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2111:"RCAF Archives"
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2018:on 2 April 2016
2010:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:William Helmore
1981:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
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1760:
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1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1712:Royal Air Force
1703:
1699:
1694:
1657:
1455:
1449:
1428:No. 47 Squadron
1329:
1279:
1252:Operation Toral
1167:Operation Telic
1147:No. 39 Squadron
1103:Operation Telic
1095:
1093:"War on Terror"
1090:
1055:
1023:
1018:
1002:Royal Artillery
926:
902:
834:RAF Butterworth
768:nuclear weapons
689:
672:No. 32 Squadron
664:Spitfire LF.IXs
657:RAF Ramat David
641:State of Israel
633:
627:
529:on 20 August, "
414:
404:
398:
368:
323:
317:
309:Coastal Command
301:Fighter Command
293:Hendon Air Show
288:inter-war years
280:The Radio Times
271:
227:
188:Henry Allingham
126:Royal Engineers
89:
84:
35:by merging the
33:First World War
12:
11:
5:
4581:
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4313:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4298:reserve forces
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4284:RAF Air Cadets
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
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4231:
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4030:
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4023:
4010:
4004:
3996:
3995:External links
3993:
3992:
3991:
3982:
3981:Historiography
3979:
3978:
3977:
3963:
3949:
3946:978-0413145802
3934:
3917:
3897:
3879:
3865:
3857:Pen and Sword
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2897:
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2865:978-1782004110
2864:
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2701:
2675:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2609:
2583:
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2509:
2487:
2469:
2467:, 1998, p. 24.
2447:
2431:
2410:
2392:
2366:
2345:
2319:
2297:
2271:
2238:
2212:
2210:Robinson, 2005
2203:
2184:Ross Feldman.
2176:
2154:
2128:
2102:
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2059:
2038:
2029:
2003:
1994:
1973:
1952:
1941:
1938:Lord Trenchard
1930:
1904:
1895:
1888:
1865:
1854:. 18 July 2009
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1451:Main article:
1448:
1445:
1328:
1325:
1278:
1275:
1129:were based at
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1054:
1051:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
986:South Atlantic
936:on 18 May 1982
925:
922:
901:
898:
848:operations in
815:British Empire
803:Western Europe
728:United Kingdom
721:Berlin Airlift
688:
685:
629:Main article:
626:
623:
568:Avro Lancaster
520:Prime Minister
512:United Kingdom
400:Main article:
397:
394:
378:by the German
367:
364:
319:Main article:
316:
315:Naval aviation
313:
305:Bomber Command
270:
267:
243:Hugh Trenchard
239:British Empire
226:
223:
203:Hugh Trenchard
157:wing commander
88:
85:
83:
80:
45:British Empire
26:United Kingdom
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4477:organisations
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4415:Air Secretary
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4382:
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4364:Officer ranks
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3998:
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3877:1-85361-126-3
3874:
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3839:0-7183-0671-6
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3806:
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3799:
3797:
3795:
3785:
3779:
3774:
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3759:
3754:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3730:, dasa.mod.uk
3729:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3711:, dasa.mod.uk
3710:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3692:, dasa.mod.uk
3691:
3687:
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3677:
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3673:
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3639:
3633:
3618:. 8 June 2023
3617:
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3490:
3486:
3485:ukserials.com
3482:
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3446:
3440:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3362:
3358:
3357:Flight Global
3354:
3348:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3306:
3302:
3301:"47 Squadron"
3296:
3280:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3194:
3188:
3172:
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3145:
3129:
3128:The Telegraph
3125:
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2714:Flight Global
2711:
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2639:
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2620:
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2597:
2596:Straits Times
2593:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2566:"Suez Crisis"
2561:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2520:. RAF Seletar
2519:
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2375:"The Air War"
2370:
2363:. 5 May 2011.
2362:
2361:the Telegraph
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1966:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1918:
1917:The Telegraph
1914:
1908:
1902:Orange, p. 33
1899:
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2016:the original
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1823:the original
1810:
1801:
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1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1759:. RAF Museum
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1302:Sentry AEW.1
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1088:2001–present
1067:
1056:
1031:Saudi Arabia
1024:
998:RAF Regiment
983:
973:
968:Avro Vulcans
966:raids using
961:
957:Sea Harriers
951:
939:
932:Vulcan over
903:
862:RAF Akrotiri
842:flying boats
823:
809:, with many
807:Soviet Union
796:
792:Tornado GR1s
765:
735:
725:
714:
681:
666:strafed RAF
634:
604:
560:
539:RAF Uxbridge
505:
499:
471:Nazi Germany
468:
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379:
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344:Nakajima B5N
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236:
215:
192:
169:
150:
130:British Army
118:Air Ministry
106:
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4369:Other ranks
4135:Ferry units
3556:11 February
3525:11 February
3495:28 February
3465:26 November
3429:28 February
3397:11 December
3367:11 December
3177:31 December
3134:31 December
2824:31 December
2798:31 December
2772:31 December
2746:31 December
2740:Aviationist
2694:31 December
2602:31 December
2576:31 December
2550:31 December
2524:31 December
2502:31 December
2338:31 December
2280:"Iaf V Raf"
2264:31 December
2231:31 December
2169:31 December
2121:24 November
2022:11 December
1923:31 December
1832:31 December
1785:31 December
1763:31 December
1410:Kim Jong-un
1313:Sentinel R1
1298:interdictor
1295:Tornado GR4
1135:Afghanistan
1078:Harrier GR7
890:Konfrontasi
884:as part of
878:RAF Hal Far
866:RAF Nicosia
858:Suez Crisis
744:F-86 Sabres
736:Independent
697:Avro Vulcan
645:Arab League
607:firebombing
259:Afghanistan
218:World War I
184:World War I
138:World War I
95:Airco DH.9A
54:During the
4514:RAF Museum
4289:Operations
4254:RAF Police
4212:components
4145:Misc units
4079:formations
3975:0354012045
3961:1845291514
3955:Constable
3548:. London.
3546:Jane's 360
3452:www.gov.uk
3337:3 December
3311:3 December
2988:21 October
2934:25 January
2912:15 January
2890:21 October
2312:15 January
1722:References
1485:2005/2006
1390:building.
1380:London Eye
1370:along the
1364:Red Arrows
1267:Forces.net
1217:Boko Haram
1070:Kosovo War
979:Nimrod MR2
964:Black Buck
917:1 Squadron
838:Korean War
830:RAF Tengah
732:Korean War
600:Copenhagen
452:Boeing 314
406:See also:
74:, and the
68:Kosovo War
4357:personnel
4319:equipment
4192:Squadrons
4110:Squadrons
4081:and units
3894:223965469
3648:19 August
2720:19 August
2036:Till 1979
1800:Roskill.
1309:Nimrod R1
1258:with the
1113:) to the
1016:1990–2000
894:Indonesia
776:Project E
752:Pyongyang
653:Spitfires
507:Luftwaffe
455:"Berwick"
435:, during
424:, in the
353:Admiralty
349:Admiralty
142:Jan Smuts
134:Admiralty
87:Formation
22:air force
4562:Category
4532:timeline
4456:Roundels
4180:Regiment
4154:stations
4095:Commands
4016:Archived
3743:Archived
3724:Archived
3705:Archived
3686:Archived
3596:26 March
3587:Archived
3550:Archived
3519:Archived
3489:Archived
3456:Archived
3420:Archived
3361:Archived
3331:Archived
3305:Archived
3245:23 April
3108:21 March
3064:21 March
3038:25 March
2688:BBC News
2668:23 March
2480:Archived
2458:Archived
2403:Archived
2385:23 March
2290:23 March
1852:BBC News
1655:See also
1508:148,900
1505:316,170
1502:Regular
1405:Guardian
1368:Typhoons
1225:Observer
1209:Guardian
1127:Harriers
1027:Gulf War
1021:Gulf War
1006:Typhoons
892:against
874:RAF Luqa
799:Cold War
717:Cold War
705:Cold War
566:and the
487:Canadian
186:veteran
176:airships
144:for the
112:and the
76:Iraq War
64:Gulf War
56:Cold War
39:and the
4547:commons
4527:history
4461:Uniform
4331:current
4197:Flights
4115:Flights
3387:Pymes75
3285:3 April
2095:18 June
1987:YouTube
1858:18 July
1624:18,100
1604:35,160
1601:35,000
1598:45,400
1595:46,100
1592:29,800
1548:88,900
1535:31,830
1532:38,930
1529:40,090
1526:43,800
1523:48,700
1520:56,900
1517:80,900
1514:93,400
1511:95,000
1321:TriStar
1291:Typhoon
1221:Nigeria
1162:Patriot
1143:Taliban
1082:Tornado
1053:Balkans
846:Mau Mau
840:, with
756:Meteors
596:Gestapo
551:Hamburg
433:Bermuda
291:annual
124:of the
24:of the
4537:future
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4336:future
4166:Former
4161:Active
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3515:gov.uk
3199:22 May
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2424:22 May
2196:22 May
2147:22 May
2091:. 2012
2074:(2002)
2052:22 May
1886:
1742:
1648:1,360
1645:1,360
1642:1,480
1639:1,400
1636:1,400
1633:1,800
1630:1,200
1613:2,220
1610:6,660
1607:6,900
1382:, the
1372:Thames
1366:and 4
1200:. The
1198:Bamako
1171:Merlin
1125:, RAF
1035:Kuwait
974:Hermes
952:Hermes
905:Belize
888:. The
870:Cyprus
856:. The
788:WE.177
734:, the
699:was a
639:, the
617:, the
613:, the
429:colony
358:Inskip
245:, the
163:, and
70:, the
66:, the
20:, the
4451:Badge
4187:Wings
4105:Wings
4088:units
3590:(PDF)
3575:(PDF)
3459:(PDF)
3448:(PDF)
3423:(PDF)
3416:(PDF)
1982:"RAF"
1968:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1704:From
1692:Notes
1497:2015
1494:2012
1491:2011
1488:2009
1482:1997
1479:1993
1476:1985
1473:1975
1470:1951
1467:1918
1464:Year
1440:ZH873
1436:ZH881
1432:ZH865
1305:AWACS
1245:Syria
882:Malta
850:Kenya
360:Award
3971:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3942:ISBN
3927:ISBN
3910:ISBN
3890:OCLC
3873:ISBN
3859:ISBN
3850:HMSO
3834:ISBN
3650:2014
3624:2023
3598:2021
3558:2020
3527:2020
3497:2020
3467:2015
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3110:2011
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2426:2016
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2314:2018
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2198:2016
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2149:2016
2123:2006
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1317:VC10
1207:The
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443:and
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